CN105039628A - Full-coal-based self-heat-supply direct reduction process and shaft furnace - Google Patents
Full-coal-based self-heat-supply direct reduction process and shaft furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of direct reduction and provides a full-coal-based self-heat-supply direct reduction process. A shaft furnace is adopted as a reduction furnace and comprises at least one reduction chamber. Each reduction chamber is heated through at least one combustion chamber. According to the process, lump coal is adopted as a reducing agent, and the lump coal comprises, by mass, 65% to 75% of fixed carbon and 20% to 35% of volatile components. Coal gas generated in the reduction process and the heated and decomposed volatile components in coal are introduced into the combustion chambers to provide heat sources, and therefore self-heat-supply direct reduction is achieved; fuel such as natural gas does not need to be used or only a small amount of fuel such as natural gas is used, and therefore energy consumption is low, energy is saved, and environmental friendliness is achieved. The adopted coal is cheap low-grade bituminous coal; full-coal-based self-heat-supply direct reduction is achieved; energy is saved; environmental friendliness is achieved; and production cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-blast furnace ironmaking technical field, be specifically related to a kind of hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession and the hot direct reduced shaft furnace of a kind of complete coal-based confession.
Background technology
Direct-reduced iron (DRI) be sponge iron again, formed after reductive agent reducing iron ore, Iron concentrate or iron-bearing material using Sweet natural gas or mill coal.Reductive agent is different, and the chemical composition of the DRI produced is also different.Along with smelting steel grade requires more and more tighter to residual element, particularly the product steel such as nuclear power, hydrogenation, power station, when using common home scrap and outsourcing scrap smelting, can not meet the requirement of product to residual element.Direct-reduced iron is very low because of its impurity content, is commonly used to replace part steel scrap to solve residual element problem in steelmaking process, production high-quality Clean Steel or special steel in steel-making.
Global direct-reduced iron sustained production increases in recent years, and according to statistics, the output of world's direct-reduced iron in 2010 has reached 7,037 ten thousand t, is about 6.7% of China's blase furnace cast iron output.By the restriction of resource, the production development of China's direct-reduced iron is slow, and output is less than 1.0% of global direct-reduced iron output.
Gas-based reduction and coal base reduction is divided into by the different direct-reductions of reductive agent.Gas-based reduction technique is mainly reductive agent with Sweet natural gas, common are shaft furnace, retort etc.; Because China's natural gas resource is deficienter, therefore the application of gas-based reduction technique is restricted.Coal-based DR process is using coal as reductive agent, and most of scale is less, and energy consumption is also higher; Common coal-based DR process comprises rotary hearth furnace, tunnel furnace and rotary kiln etc.Tunnel furnace is the main technique means being specifically designed to the powder metallurgy iron powder of production high added value of Europe exploitation, the direct-reduction tunnel furnace of regular design reaches 160-270 rice, there is production capacity little (the maximum annual output of single kiln 60,000 tons), thermosteresis is large, energy consumption is very high, and (consumption coal is about 1t/t, wherein reduction coal 450 ~ 650kg/t, heating coal 450 ~ 550kg/t), production cycle long (48 ~ 76 hours), it is seriously polluted that (reduction coal ash, the solid waste such as reductive jar of giving up are many, dust is many), the problems such as unstable product quality.Rotary kiln is domestic comparatively conventional direct-reduction iron production method at present, because requiring harsh to crude fuel, unit production capacity investment and working cost higher, steady running difficulty is bigger than normal, industrial scale (maximum 150,000 t/ seats) less than normal, is difficult to the main process becoming China's direct-reduced iron development.Rotary hearth furnace achieves suitability for industrialized production in process Steel Plant containing in Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni dust, its weak point be sponge iron (DRI) gangue and sulphur content high, cause the Electric furnace steel making quantity of slag to increase, consumption of electrode, be difficult to be directly used in production steel-making direct-reduced iron.Secondly rotary hearth furnace adopts spacious flame type of heating heating furnace charge, because fuel combustion is oxidizing atmosphere, and the reduction of ferriferous oxide needs reducing atmosphere, and therefore spacious flame type of heating usually exists furnace atmosphere and is difficult to control, reduzate, easily by the problem of secondary oxidation, affects sponge iron final quality.
Therefore a kind of hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession of design and the hot direct reduced shaft furnace of a kind of complete coal-based confession is necessary, to overcome the problems referred to above.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect overcoming prior art, provide a kind of hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession and the hot direct reduced shaft furnace of a kind of complete coal-based confession, it uses coal as reductive agent, in the coal gas that reduction process produces and coal, the volatile combustion that decomposes is as thermal source, energy consumption is low, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
The present invention is achieved in that
The invention provides the hot direct reduced technique of a kind of complete coal-based confession, reduction furnace adopts shaft furnace, and described shaft furnace comprises at least one reduction room, and each described reduction room is by least one combustion chamber heat supply;
Described technique comprises the following steps:
Raw material preparation step: will form pelletizing containing iron ore material pelletizing, reductive agent adopts lump coal, and in described lump coal, by percentage to the quality, fixed carbon content is 65% ~ 75%, and volatile content is 20% ~ 35%;
Burden distributing procedure: by lump coal and the extremely each described reduction indoor of described pelletizing cloth, each described reduction is indoor, and in raw material, carbon oxygen mol ratio is 1 ~ 1.5;
Direct-reduction step: pass into outer confession combustion gas in each described combustion chamber and carry out burning baker, the indoor raw material generation reduction reaction of each reduction in baker process, the volatile matter that in the coal gas that reduction reaction produces and coal, decomposes produces is from the indoor extraction of each reduction evenly pass into each combustion chamber combustion, when the coal gas passed in combustion chamber and volatile combustion can meet the heat demand of reduction reaction, stop gas supply;
Discharge step: the sponge iron of generation and ash content of coal waste material are discharged bottom each reduction room, and Separation and Recovery.
Further, described shaft furnace comprises a combustion chamber, and each described reduction room is all in the cylindrical structure vertically arranged, and each described reduction room arranged in arrays is in described combustion chamber; The volatile matter that in the coal gas that each described reduction room produces and coal, decomposes produces evenly passes into this combustion chamber combustion.
Further, in direct-reduction step, the coal gas of the indoor generation of each described reduction and volatile matter pass into described combustion chamber and are positioned at center section part divided combustion on vertical direction, and each described reduction is indoor, forms preheating section, reduction section and cooling section successively from top to bottom.
Further, in described direct-reduction step, reduction reaction temperature is within the scope of 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C.
Further, in described raw material preparation step, the granularity of described lump coal is 1.1 ~ 1.5 times of described pellet size.
Further, the diameter of described pelletizing is 10 ~ 30mm.
Further, in described burden distributing procedure, described lump coal and described pelletizing are multilayer cloth, and pelletizing described in lump coal described in multilayer and multilayer successively alternately.
Further, in described discharge step, by each reduction room top feeding while the bottom discharging of each reduction room, the discharge velocity and its feed rate that control each reduction room are suitable, work continuously to be formed.
Further, described is powdered iron ore containing iron ore material.
Further, described outer confession combustion gas is Sweet natural gas.
The present invention also provides a kind of complete coal-based confession hot direct reduced shaft furnace, and comprise a combustion chamber and at least one reduction room, each described reduction room is all in the cylindrical structure vertically arranged, and each described reduction room arranged in arrays is in described combustion chamber; Top, each described reduction room is equipped with charging opening, is equipped with discharge gate bottom each described reduction room; The top of each described reduction room is provided with gas outlet, described combustion chamber is provided with outer for fuel gas inlet, combustion air inlet and gas inlet, multiple reduction room, gas inlet, multiple described reduction room is located on described combustion chamber and is positioned at stage casing part on vertical direction, and gas inlet, each described reduction room is communicated with wherein gas outlet described at least one by gas pipe.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: this direct-reduction technique uses coal as reductive agent, in the coal gas that reduction process produces and coal, the volatile combustion that decomposes is as thermal source, without the need to using or only using the fuel such as extra Sweet natural gas on a small quantity, energy consumption is low, energy-conserving and environment-protective.The coal adopted is cheap low-grade bituminous coal, achieve complete coal-based confession thermal reduction, energy-conserving and environment-protective, and production cost is lower.This direct-reduction shaft furnace can realize confession hot direct reduced, without the need to or only need a small amount of extra combustion gas, can effectively reduce energy consumption and production costs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The structural representation of the hot direct reduced shaft furnace of complete coal-based confession that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The schematic top plan view of the hot direct reduced shaft furnace of complete coal-based confession that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The schema of the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, other embodiments all that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
As Fig. 1-Tu, 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of complete coal-based confession hot direct reduced technique, and reduction furnace adopts shaft furnace, and described shaft furnace comprises at least one reduction room 1, and each described reduction room 1 is by least one combustion chamber 2 heat supply.
Described technique comprises the following steps:
Raw material preparation step: will form pelletizing containing iron ore material pelletizing, reductive agent adopts lump coal, and in described lump coal, by percentage to the quality, fixed carbon content is 65% ~ 75%, and volatile content is 20% ~ 35%.Wherein, be powdered iron ore or fine iron breeze etc. containing iron ore material, balling process specifically can be: after powdered iron ore and binding agent are mixed on balling disc or ball press pelletizing, be drying to obtain described pelletizing after balling-up, pelletizing diameter, within the scope of 10 ~ 30mm, is preferably 20mm.The granularity of lump coal is 1.1 ~ 1.5 times of pellet size, and be preferably 1.2 times, larger lump coal needs through break process.
Burden distributing procedure: by lump coal and described pelletizing cloth to each described reduction room 1, in each described reduction room 1, in raw material, carbon oxygen mol ratio is 1 ~ 1.5, is preferably 1.3.Wherein, described lump coal and described pelletizing are preferably multilayer cloth, and pelletizing described in lump coal described in multilayer and multilayer successively alternately, the lump coal thickness of each layer is identical, the pelletizing thickness of each layer is identical, to reach the object of homogeneous reaction, improves the uniformity of going back original product.The Thickness Ratio of lump coal and pelletizing is determined according to carbon oxygen mol ratio (C/O), namely to meet in raw material carbon oxygen mol ratio in 1 ~ 1.5.
Direct-reduction step: pass into outer confession combustion gas in each described combustion chamber 2 and carry out burning baker, raw material generation reduction reaction in each reduction room 1 in baker process, the volatile matter that in the coal gas that reduction reaction produces and coal, decomposes produces is drawn and evenly passes into each combustion chamber 2 combustion in each reduction room 1, when the coal gas passed in combustion chamber 2 and volatile combustion can meet the heat demand of reduction reaction, stop gas supply.Wherein, outer confession combustion gas can adopt Sweet natural gas, or adopts gas maked coal; Reduction reaction temperature, within the scope of 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C, is good with 1100 DEG C.Stop can be controlled by operator in actual production process the opportunity of air feed, need consider outer for the factor such as the quantity combusted of combustion gas, the granularity of volatile content, pelletizing and the lump coal burnt in producible caloric value, coal, for some time can be delayed, to ensure there are enough inflammable gass in combustion chamber 2 on more theoretical opportunity.
Discharge step: the sponge iron produced and ash content of coal waste material are discharged bottom each reduction room 1, and Separation and Recovery.Further, in this step, by each reduction room 1 top feeding while the bottom discharging of each reduction room 1, the discharge velocity and its feed rate that control each reduction room 1 are suitable, work continuously to be formed.By controlling discharge velocity, making the residence time of raw material in reduction room 1 controlled, thus making the reduction degree of product controlled, obtaining the product of required grade.
As preferably, the shaft furnace described in the present embodiment adopts following structure: described shaft furnace comprises a combustion chamber 2, and each described reduction room 1 is all in the cylindrical structure vertically arranged, and each described reduction room 1 arranged in arrays is in described combustion chamber 2; The volatile matter that in the coal gas that each described reduction room 1 produces and coal, decomposes produces evenly passes into this combustion chamber 2 combustion.Each described reduction room 1 and this combustion chamber 2 separate by reducing room furnace wall 3.Namely this direct-reduction technique adopts fixed siege, by a combustion chamber 2 to each reduction room 1 heat supply, eliminates the transmission mechanism of most of direct-reduction stove bulky complex; Reduction zone and combustion zone are separated, makes reduction furnace atmosphere controlled, prevent the sponge iron secondary oxidation after reducing, high quality sponge iron can be produced; By regulating blanking velocity to control reduction rate, product reduction degree is controlled.In addition, according to production-scale needs, the internal space of combustion chamber 2 can be expanded and the quantity of increase reduction room 1, realizes scale operation.
As a kind of preferred structure of the present embodiment, in above-mentioned direct-reduction step, the coal gas produced in each described reduction room 1 and volatile matter pass into this combustion chamber 2 and are positioned at center section part divided combustion on vertical direction, the high-temperature gas that burning produces rises and discharges combustion chamber 2, thus middle-temperature section, high temperature section and low-temperature zone is formed successively from top to bottom in combustion chamber 2, correspondingly in each described reduction room 1, form preheating section, reduction section and cooling section successively from top to bottom.Accordingly, in reduction reaction process, the temperature in reduction section controls within the scope of 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C.In the downward operational process of the high-temperature sponge iron produced in reduction section, cool gradually in cooling section, avoid the sponge iron of high temperature to discharge when reducing room 1 by secondary oxidation.For improving the cooling power of cooling section, cooling body can be set in cooling section, as adopted the existing shaft furnace cooling section type of cooling, namely cold gas winding-up structure be set in cooling section lower end, cold gas collection structure is set in cooling section upper end; Or adopting following structure: this cooling body comprises the cooling water channel in the reduction room furnace wall 3 be located in corresponding cooling section, the entrance of each described cooling water channel is all communicated with cooling water tube, the outlet of each described cooling water channel is all communicated with water coolant return line, and the reduction room furnace wall 3 in cooling section forms the cooling stave to going back original product and cooling; Cooling water channel can in the reduction room furnace wall 3 of correspondence snakelike layout, to improve heat interchanging area.
The sponge iron of discharging through cooling section cooling can carry out briquetting process, convenient transport or utilization.For the above-mentioned shaft furnace being formed with cooling section, when initial cloth, because the raw material be required to be in reduction room 1 provides support, therefore cooling section planted agent is furnished with raw material or other supporting materials, during initial discharge, the raw material of discharging at first can be back to cloth system cloth (due to thermal radiation and heat conducting factor, the temperature of this raw material is high compared with the temperature of other initial feed, is beneficial to the carrying out of reduction reaction) again; As discharge is other supporting materials, then can be used for the cloth of next heat.Certainly, also can not arrange cooling body, the mode that the high-temperature sponge iron of discharge adopts heat to send sends into Electric furnace steel making or blast furnace ironmaking; In this case, the inflammable gas produced in reduction room 1 can introduce in the middle part of combustion chamber 2 and burn in bottom simultaneously, but does not concentrate owing to burning, and temperature in reduction room 1 may be caused not reach requirement; But in this case, bottom, combustion chamber 2 or bottom can be arranged on for fuel gas inlet by outer, in baker process, first there is reduction reaction in the raw material of reduction bottom, room 1, thus reduction bottom, room 1 does not need to arrange support raw material (namely this part material does not need to return and again reduces) or other supporting materials.
The principle of this direct-reduction technique is: the volatile matter in coal issues solution estranged in the condition of heating, C in coal reacts with the ferriferous oxide on contacted pelletizing surface, all produce reducing gas CO, the ferriferous oxide generation reduction reaction in CO and pelletizing generates metallic iron and CO
2, CO
2react with the carbon generating gasification in coal and generate CO, CO and enter again reducing iron oxides in pelletizing and generate CO
2; Circulation like this, the available unreacted core model of whole reaction is explained, CO and CO
2in pelletizing, the motivating force of adsorption and desorption is concentration gradient.Reduction reaction produce coal gas (CO) and coal in decomposes produce volatile matter (mainly comprise H
2, C
mh
n, CO, CO
2) be introduced into combustion chamber 2, wherein gas fuel burning heat release, for reduction room 1 provides heat.Ideally, when carbon oxygen mol ratio is 1, reaction between carbon and oxygen fully can generate CO completely; But consider the insufficiency that carbon oxygen combines, arrange carbon oxygen mol ratio more than 1, in coal, volatile content can ensure enough reducing atmospheres and coal combustion tolerance more than 20%, thus it is hot direct reduced to realize complete coal-based confession.
Based on above-mentioned technique, the coal gas produced in each reduction room 1 and volatile matter need each zonal combustion in uniformly distributing to combustion chamber 2, roughly the same to ensure on inherent sustained height position, combustion chamber 2 temperature everywhere, even to ensure the reduction reaction temperature of each reduction room 1, thus ensure the uniformity of going back original product.For achieving the above object, combustion chamber 2 arranges gas inlet, multiple reduction room, gas inlet, multiple described reduction room uniform ring is located at described combustion chamber 2 and is positioned at stage casing part on vertical direction, and gas inlet, each described reduction room is communicated with wherein gas outlet described at least one by gas pipe.For improving combustion uniformity, the gas outlet of each reduction room 1 can be accessed same gas-collecting pipe, the exit end of this gas-collecting pipe arranges a gas distributor, and the gas inlet, each reduction room of combustion chamber 2 is all communicated with this gas distributor.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment provides a kind of complete coal-based confession hot direct reduced technique, and reduction furnace adopts shaft furnace, and described shaft furnace comprises at least one reduction room 1, and each described reduction room 1 is by least one combustion chamber 2 heat supply;
Described technique comprises the following steps:
Raw material preparation step: after fine iron breeze and binding agent are mixed on balling disc pelletizing, pelletizing diameter is about 20mm; Bituminous coal is broken into the fritter lump coal that diameter is about 24mm, and in lump coal, by percentage to the quality, fixed carbon content is 65% ~ 70%, and volatile content is 30% ~ 35%.
Burden distributing procedure: adopt the mode of top filling, by pelletizing and lump coal continuously, layering respectively even cloth to reducing in room 1; In each described reduction room 1, in raw material, carbon oxygen mol ratio is 1.1 ~ 1.2.
Direct-reduction step: pass into natural gas in each described combustion chamber 2 and carry out burning baker, raw material generation reduction reaction in each reduction room 1 in baker process, the volatile matter that in the coal gas that reduction reaction produces and coal, decomposes produces is drawn and evenly passes into each combustion chamber 2 combustion in each reduction room 1, when the coal gas passed in combustion chamber 2 and volatile combustion can meet the heat demand of reduction reaction, stop natural gas supply.Reduction reaction temperature controls at about 1100 DEG C.
Discharge step: the sponge iron produced and ash content of coal waste material are discharged bottom each reduction room 1, and Separation and Recovery.In this step, by each reduction room 1 top feeding while the bottom discharging of each reduction room 1, the discharge velocity and its feed rate that control each reduction room 1 are suitable, work continuously to be formed.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment provides a kind of complete coal-based confession hot direct reduced technique, and reduction furnace adopts shaft furnace, and described shaft furnace comprises at least one reduction room 1, and each described reduction room 1 is by least one combustion chamber 2 heat supply;
Described technique comprises the following steps:
Raw material preparation step: after fine iron breeze and binding agent are mixed on balling disc pelletizing, pelletizing diameter is 25mm; Bituminous coal is broken into the fritter lump coal that diameter is about 35mm, and in lump coal, by percentage to the quality, fixed carbon content is 71% ~ 75%, and volatile content is 20% ~ 28%.
Burden distributing procedure: adopt the mode of top filling, by pelletizing and lump coal continuously, layering respectively even cloth to reducing in room 1; In each described reduction room 1, in raw material, carbon oxygen mol ratio is 1.3 ~ 1.5.
Direct-reduction step: pass into natural gas in each described combustion chamber 2 and carry out burning baker, raw material generation reduction reaction in each reduction room 1 in baker process, the volatile matter that in the coal gas that reduction reaction produces and coal, decomposes produces is drawn and evenly passes into each combustion chamber 2 combustion in each reduction room 1, when the coal gas passed in combustion chamber 2 and volatile combustion can meet the heat demand of reduction reaction, stop natural gas supply.Reduction reaction temperature controls at about 1100 DEG C.
Discharge step: the sponge iron produced and ash content of coal waste material are discharged bottom each reduction room 1, and Separation and Recovery.In this step, by each reduction room 1 top feeding while the bottom discharging of each reduction room 1, the discharge velocity and its feed rate that control each reduction room 1 are suitable, work continuously to be formed.
Embodiment four
As Fig. 1-Fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a kind of complete coal-based confession hot direct reduced shaft furnace, comprise a combustion chamber 2 and at least one reduction room 1, each described reduction room 1 is all in the cylindrical structure vertically arranged, and each described reduction room 1 arranged in arrays is in described combustion chamber 2; Top, each described reduction room 1 is equipped with charging opening, is equipped with discharge gate bottom each described reduction room 1; The top of each described reduction room 1 is provided with gas outlet, described combustion chamber 2 is provided with outer for fuel gas inlet, combustion air inlet and gas inlet, multiple reduction room, gas inlet, multiple described reduction room is located on described combustion chamber 2 and is positioned at stage casing part on vertical direction, and gas inlet, each described reduction room is communicated with wherein gas outlet described at least one by gas pipe.The outer fuel gas inlet that supplies is connected for fuel gas source with outer by gas pipeline, and combustion air inlet is connected with gas blower by comburent air duct 5.Center section part divided combustion on vertical direction is positioned at because the coal gas that produces in each described reduction room 1 and volatile matter pass into this combustion chamber 2, the high-temperature gas that burning produces rises and discharges combustion chamber 2, thus middle-temperature section, high temperature section and low-temperature zone is formed successively from top to bottom in combustion chamber 2, correspondingly in each described reduction room 1, form preheating section, reduction section and cooling section successively from top to bottom.
Embodiment five
The present embodiment provides a kind of complete coal-based confession hot direct reduced shaft furnace, comprise at least one reduction room 1 and at least two combustion chambers 2, described reduction room 1 and described combustion chamber 2 are all in the rectangular structure vertically arranged, each described combustion chamber 2 is arranged in order with each described reduction room 1, often there is a described reduction room 1 between adjacent two described combustion chambers 2, each described reduction room 1 and adjacent combustion chamber 2 separate by reducing room furnace wall 3, top, each described reduction room 1 is equipped with charging opening, is equipped with discharge gate bottom each described reduction room 1; The top of each described reduction room 1 is provided with gas outlet, each described combustion chamber 2 is provided with outer for fuel gas inlet, reduction gas inlet, room and combustion air inlet, gas inlet, described reduction room is located in the middle part of described combustion chamber 2, and gas inlet, each described reduction room is communicated with wherein gas outlet described at least one by gas pipe 4; The outer fuel gas inlet that supplies is connected for fuel gas source with outer by gas pipeline, and combustion air inlet is connected with gas blower by comburent air duct 5.Because combustion chamber 2 contacts arrangement successively with reduction room 1, therefore, the gas outlet of reduction room 1, the outer side (namely non-with adjacent reduction room 1 or the contact surface of combustion chamber 2) can being located at corresponding body of heater for fuel gas inlet, reduction gas inlet, room and combustion air inlet respectively of combustion chamber 2.Pass in the middle part of combustion chamber 2 due to outer burn for combustion gas, reduction room gas, therefore in combustion chamber 2, middle-temperature section, high temperature section and low-temperature zone is formed successively from top to bottom, correspondingly in each described reduction room 1, form preheating section, reduction section and cooling section successively from top to bottom.
For improving the cooling power of cooling section, cooling body can be set in cooling section, as adopted the existing shaft furnace cooling section type of cooling, namely cold gas winding-up structure be set in cooling section lower end, cold gas collection structure is set in cooling section upper end; Or adopting following structure: this cooling body comprises the cooling water channel in the reduction room furnace wall 3 be located in corresponding cooling section, the entrance of each described cooling water channel is all communicated with cooling water tube, the outlet of each described cooling water channel is all communicated with water coolant return line, and the reduction room furnace wall 3 in cooling section forms the cooling stave to going back original product and cooling; Cooling water channel can in the reduction room furnace wall 3 of correspondence snakelike layout, to improve heat interchanging area.
The shaft furnace that the present embodiment provides is fixed siege, eliminates the transmission mechanism of most of direct-reduction stove bulky complex; Reduction zone and combustion zone are separated, makes reduction furnace atmosphere controlled, prevent the sponge iron secondary oxidation after reducing, high quality sponge iron can be produced; By regulating blanking velocity to control reduction rate, product reduction degree is controlled.In addition, owing to reducing room 1, combustion chamber 2 successively alternately, according to production-scale needs, the quantity of corresponding reduction room 1 and combustion chamber 2 can be increased successively, realizes scale operation.This shaft furnace is owing to arranging gas outlet on reduction top, room 1, the inflammable gass such as the coal gas that reduction process produces can be filled with in the middle part of combustion chamber 2 and burn, for reduction room 1 provides heat, namely this shaft furnace can realize confession hot direct reduced, without the need to or only need a small amount of extra combustion gas, can effectively reduce energy consumption and production costs.
The production process of the shaft furnace that the present embodiment provides is preferably the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession realized as described in embodiment one to embodiment three, and technological process repeats no more.
Based on above-mentioned technique, the coal gas produced in each reduction room 1 and volatile matter need in uniformly distributing to each combustion chamber 2, even to ensure the reduction reaction temperature of each reduction room 1, thus ensure the uniformity of going back original product.For achieving the above object, the gas outlet of each reduction room 1 can be accessed same gas-collecting pipe, the exit end of this gas-collecting pipe arranges a gas distributor, and the gas inlet, reduction room of each combustion chamber 2 is all communicated with this gas distributor.Or, the gas outlet of each reduction room 1 is communicated with the gas inlet, reduction room of the combustion chamber 2 being positioned at (or right side) on the left of this reduction room 1, this structure, will have a combustion chamber 2 can not obtain reduction room gas, can pass into outer for fuel gas buring heat supply in this combustion chamber 2.Or adopt following structure: each described gas outlet is communicated with gas inlet, adjacent two described reduction rooms respectively, namely each combustion chamber 2 obtains the reduction room gas of each 1/2 of two adjacent reduction rooms 1, can meet reduction room 1 heat demand; Under this structure, two combustion chambers 2 being positioned at two ends can only obtain the reduction room gas of 1/2, can correspondingly pass into outer for combustion gas complementary heating.By gas fuel burning in combustion chamber 2, the temperature in described reduction section is controlled within the scope of 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession, is characterized in that, reduction furnace adopts shaft furnace, and described shaft furnace comprises at least one reduction room, and each described reduction room is by least one combustion chamber heat supply;
Described technique comprises the following steps:
Raw material preparation step: will form pelletizing containing iron ore material pelletizing, reductive agent adopts lump coal, and in described lump coal, by percentage to the quality, fixed carbon content is 65% ~ 75%, and volatile content is 20% ~ 35%;
Burden distributing procedure: by lump coal and the extremely each described reduction indoor of described pelletizing cloth, each described reduction is indoor, and in raw material, carbon oxygen mol ratio is 1 ~ 1.5;
Direct-reduction step: pass into outer confession combustion gas in each described combustion chamber and carry out burning baker, the indoor raw material generation reduction reaction of each reduction in baker process, the volatile matter that in the coal gas that reduction reaction produces and coal, decomposes produces is from the indoor extraction of each reduction evenly pass into each combustion chamber combustion, when the coal gas passed in combustion chamber and volatile combustion can meet the heat demand of reduction reaction, stop gas supply;
Discharge step: the sponge iron of generation and ash content of coal waste material are discharged bottom each reduction room, and Separation and Recovery.
2. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shaft furnace comprises a combustion chamber, and each described reduction room is all in the cylindrical structure vertically arranged, and each described reduction room arranged in arrays is in described combustion chamber; The volatile matter that in the coal gas that each described reduction room produces and coal, decomposes produces evenly passes into this combustion chamber combustion.
3. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in direct-reduction step, the coal gas of the indoor generation of each described reduction and volatile matter pass into described combustion chamber and are positioned at center section part divided combustion on vertical direction, each described reduction is indoor, forms preheating section, reduction section and cooling section successively from top to bottom.
4. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that: in described direct-reduction step, reduction reaction temperature is within the scope of 1000 ~ 1150 DEG C.
5. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described raw material preparation step, the granularity of described lump coal is 1.1 ~ 1.5 times of described pellet size.
6. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that: the diameter of described pelletizing is 10 ~ 30mm.
7. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: in described burden distributing procedure, described lump coal and described pelletizing are multilayer cloth, and pelletizing described in lump coal described in multilayer and multilayer successively alternately.
8. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described discharge step, by each reduction room top feeding while the bottom discharging of each reduction room, the discharge velocity and its feed rate that control each reduction room are suitable, work continuously to be formed.
9. the hot direct reduced technique of complete coal-based confession according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described is powdered iron ore containing iron ore material.
10. the hot direct reduced shaft furnace of complete coal-based confession, is characterized in that: comprise a combustion chamber and at least one reduction room, each described reduction room is all in the cylindrical structure vertically arranged, and each described reduction room arranged in arrays is in described combustion chamber; Top, each described reduction room is equipped with charging opening, is equipped with discharge gate bottom each described reduction room; The top of each described reduction room is provided with gas outlet, described combustion chamber is provided with outer for fuel gas inlet, combustion air inlet and gas inlet, multiple reduction room, gas inlet, multiple described reduction room is located on described combustion chamber and is positioned at stage casing part on vertical direction, and gas inlet, each described reduction room is communicated with wherein gas outlet described at least one by gas pipe.
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| CN108955243A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-12-07 | 唐山奥特斯科技有限公司 | Vehicle bottom formula continuous tunnel furnace heating system and its heating process |
| CN109777906A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-21 | 石欣 | A kind of device and method using red burnt high temperature heat production metallized pellet |
| CN113322362A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-31 | 四川龙蟒矿冶有限责任公司 | Self-heating balance laterite reduction method |
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