WO2018028320A1 - 一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备 - Google Patents

一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018028320A1
WO2018028320A1 PCT/CN2017/090375 CN2017090375W WO2018028320A1 WO 2018028320 A1 WO2018028320 A1 WO 2018028320A1 CN 2017090375 W CN2017090375 W CN 2017090375W WO 2018028320 A1 WO2018028320 A1 WO 2018028320A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
mode
data
network device
unlicensed
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/090375
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐修强
陈雁
杜颖钢
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP17838450.9A priority Critical patent/EP3474616B1/en
Priority to ES17838450T priority patent/ES2870958T3/es
Publication of WO2018028320A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018028320A1/zh
Priority to US16/262,611 priority patent/US11019646B2/en
Priority to US17/208,835 priority patent/US11723020B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H04W72/1268—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/188—Time-out mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a data transmission method, a terminal, and a network device.
  • a wireless cellular network such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system
  • the terminal before transmitting uplink data to a network device, the terminal first needs to send a random access request to the network device, so as to receive the random access response returned by the network device. Then, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection is established with the network device. After the RRC connection is established, the terminal enters the RRC connection state, and the terminal sends a Scheduling Request (SR) to the network device. If the network device allows the terminal to send uplink data, the network device sends an authorization command to the terminal. After the terminal allocates the authorization resource, the terminal can send the uplink data to the network device through the authorized resource according to the command. This process of data transmission is called authorized transmission.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the authorized transmission delay is large.
  • the delay refers to the delay from the terminal to determine that the uplink data needs to be sent to the terminal to send the uplink data from the air interface.
  • the uplink and downlink control channel resources used for sending scheduling requests and authorization commands will consume a large amount of resources, resulting in control overhead accounting for total network overhead (such as power).
  • the proportion of air traffic resources, etc. is relatively high, especially when the services of the terminal are small data packet services, and the disadvantage of authorized transmission is particularly obvious.
  • Unauthorized transmission avoids problems with the above authorized transmission.
  • the basic idea of the unlicensed transmission is that the data is “on the go”, that is, the network device pre-configures a batch of resources as an exempted resource.
  • the terminal determines that there is uplink data to be sent, it does not have to send a random access request, a scheduling request, and wait for receiving.
  • the network device authorizes the process, but directly sends the uplink data to the network device through the unlicensed resource after a certain processing.
  • the network device before the terminal uses the unlicensed transmission, the network device usually needs to pre-designate the available exempt resources, such as uplink pilot resources and time-frequency resources, for the terminal, and the network device may need to receive by means of blind detection or the like.
  • the data sent by the terminal is “on the go”, that is, the network device pre-configures a batch of resources as an exempted resource.
  • Massive Machine-Type Communication is an important scenario in the three major application scenarios of 5G.
  • the typical feature of this scenario is that the number of terminals is large, and the service type is mainly small packet services. Moreover, there are certain requirements for low latency. In this scenario, the license-free transmission is superior to the authorized transmission.
  • the terminal can adopt technologies such as (time domain, frequency domain, airspace) diversity transmission and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to improve transmission reliability, but even so, there are still There may be situations in which the use of the unlicensed mode to transmit uplink data transmission fails due to factors such as pilot collision or poor channel conditions. Therefore, for terminals in the license-free mode, how to further improve the reliability of data transmission becomes an urgent issue.
  • technologies such as (time domain, frequency domain, airspace) diversity transmission and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to improve transmission reliability, but even so, there are still There may be situations in which the use of the unlicensed mode to transmit uplink data transmission fails due to factors such as pilot collision or poor channel conditions. Therefore, for terminals in the license-free mode, how to further improve the reliability of data transmission becomes an urgent issue.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission method, a terminal, and a network device, which are used to improve reliability of data transmitted by a terminal in an unauthorized mode.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method, including:
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and then sends the second data to the network device by using the authorized resource in the authorization mode.
  • the terminal When the terminal transmits the first data in the license-free mode, if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal is preset When the acknowledgment frame for the first data of the first initial transmission returned by the network device is not received within the first time period, the first data is first transmitted to the network device; the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, including: the terminal When it is determined that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches the preset number of initial transmission times, it is determined that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode. In this way, when the terminal fails to transmit data to the network device multiple times, the terminal can be returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the reliability of the initial data transmitted by the terminal to the network device.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the switching of the authorization mode to the authorization mode includes: when the terminal reaches the preset duration threshold from the first data of the first initial transmission, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, Make sure to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode. In this way, after the terminal first transmits the first data to the network device, the duration reaches the duration threshold, and when the acknowledgment frame returned by the network device is not received, the terminal is returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the terminal to the network device. Pass the reliability of the data.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal is preset When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the second duration, the terminal retransmits the first data to the network device; and counts the number of times the first data is retransmitted by the counter; the terminal determines the value of the counter.
  • the authorization mode includes: when the terminal determines that the number of initial data transmissions reaches the preset initial transmission threshold, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, the terminal determines that the authorization mode is to be switched to the authorization mode. mode. In this way, when the terminal fails to transmit data to the network device multiple times, the terminal can be returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the reliability of the initial data transmitted by the terminal to the network device.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal is preset When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the second duration, the terminal retransmits the first data to the network device; and counts the number of times the first data is retransmitted by the counter; the terminal determines the value of the counter.
  • the authorization mode includes: the terminal determines that the elapsed time from the first initial data of the first time reaches a preset duration threshold, and does not receive the first data returned by the network device. When confirming the frame, it is determined that it is necessary to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal After the terminal first transmits the first data to the network device, the duration reaches the duration threshold, and when the acknowledgment frame returned by the network device is not received, the terminal is returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the terminal to the network device. Pass the reliability of the data.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the unlicensed mode to the authorization mode, where the terminal includes: receiving, by the terminal, an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device; and the obtaining the acknowledgement frame includes first indication information for indicating that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, according to the The first indication information determines that the license-free mode is to be switched to the authorization mode.
  • the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the first indication information is sent to the terminal, so the terminal can fall back to the authorization when it is required to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode. Mode, which transfers data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, where the terminal receives the acknowledgement frame sent by the network device, and determines that the resource used by the acknowledgement frame is one of the preset multiple indicator resources.
  • the license-free mode is switched to the authorization mode; wherein any one of the preset multiple indication resources is a resource for indicating that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal is notified to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode by sending an acknowledgement frame including the indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal is returned. Return to the authorization mode to transfer data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the unlicensed mode to the authorization mode, where the terminal receives the second indication information sent by the network device, where the second indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched;
  • the identifier of the authorized resource is the resource identifier of the resource used by the terminal to send the first data
  • it is determined that the license-free mode is switched to the authorization mode.
  • the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal is notified to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode by sending the second indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal falls back to the
  • the authorization mode transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the terminal, that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received.
  • the terminal that successfully transmits the data through the unlicensed mode may not have to fall back to the authorization mode; but the data transmission in the unlicensed mode fails, and the resource corresponding to the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched in the second indication information is sent.
  • a data terminal is rolled back to the authorization mode to transmit data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the terminal further includes: the terminal initiating any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request (SR). Therefore, after the terminal falls back to the authorization mode, the terminal is forced to send data in the authorization mode.
  • SR scheduling request
  • the method further includes: the terminal receiving the random access response fed back by the network device; the terminal sending a service request or a scheduling request to the network device; wherein the scheduling request is used to apply to the network device Authorizing the resource; the terminal receives the identifier of the authorized resource allocated by the network device and allocated by the terminal; the terminal sends the second data on the authorized resource.
  • the service request sent by the terminal to the network device may also be used to apply for an authorized resource to the network device, and an opportunity to send data in the authorization mode.
  • the terminal sends a service request or a scheduling request to the network device, where the terminal sends a service request or a scheduling request to the network device, where the scheduling request is used to apply for an authorized resource to the network device, and the terminal receives the network device and returns the terminal for the terminal.
  • the identifier of the authorized resource the terminal sends the second data on the authorized resource. Therefore, after the terminal falls back to the authorization mode, the terminal is forced to send data in the authorization mode.
  • the service request sent by the terminal to the network device may also be used to apply for an authorized resource to the network device, and an opportunity to send data in the authorization mode.
  • the second data is consistent with the data content of the first data transmission. In this way, the reliability of the transmission of the first data can be improved.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method, including:
  • the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode; the network device sends the indication information to the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information is sent to the terminal, so the terminal can fall back to the authorization mode when it is required to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the data transmission in the authorization mode improves the reliability of data transmission.
  • the method further includes: the network device receiving the data that is sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by using the unlicensed resource; the network device successfully decoding the data; and the network device sends the indication information to the terminal, including The network device sends an acknowledgement frame for the data to the terminal; wherein the acknowledgement frame includes the indication information.
  • the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal is notified to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode by sending an acknowledgement frame including the indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal is returned. Return to the authorization mode to transfer data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the indication information is an identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources; the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode;
  • the method further includes: the network device receiving the data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by using the unlicensed resource; the network device successfully decoding the data; and the network device sending the indication information to the terminal, including: The acknowledgment frame for the data is sent to the terminal, where the acknowledgment frame is used to enable the terminal to determine the identifier of the resource used by the acknowledgment frame as the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indicated resources.
  • the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal is notified to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode by sending an acknowledgement frame including the indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal is returned. Return to the authorization mode to transfer data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device further includes: determining, by the network device, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched from the preset unlicensed resource; a terminal for transmitting an acknowledgment frame for neighboring data, which is sent by using a to-be-switched unlicensed resource, and not receiving a acknowledgment frame for neighboring data returned by the network device; wherein, the neighboring data is the nearest one of the unlicensed resources before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information The data sent by the network device.
  • the terminal When the network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal is notified to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode by sending the indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal is rolled back to the authorization mode.
  • the data is transmitted in the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device further includes: determining, by the network device, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched from the preset unlicensed resource; The terminal that sends the neighboring data by using the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the neighboring data is data that is sent to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the terminal that successfully transmits the data through the unlicensed mode may not have to fall back to the authorization mode; but the data transmission in the unlicensed mode fails, and the resource corresponding to the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched in the second indication information is sent.
  • a data terminal is rolled back to the authorization mode to transmit data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, including:
  • a sending unit configured to send the first data to the network device by using an unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; Transmitting, by the authorization resource, the second data to the network device;
  • the processing unit is configured to determine that the switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, and send the second data to the network device by using the authorization resource in the authorization mode by the sending unit.
  • the terminal When the terminal transmits the first data in the license-free mode, if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • the sending unit is configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode for the first time; and not receive the first return of the network device within the preset first time period When the first data of the initial transmission is confirmed, the first data is first transmitted to the network device again;
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: when determining that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, determine that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the sending unit is specifically configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to determine, when the time period elapsed from the first data transmission from the first time reaches a preset duration threshold, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, The license-free mode switches to the authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data
  • the sending unit is configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; When the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device; the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset. When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processing unit is configured to: when determining that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, determining that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to Authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data
  • the sending unit is configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; When the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device; the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset. When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: when it is determined that the elapsed time from the first initial data is first to reach a preset duration threshold, and the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, Switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the method further includes: a receiving unit, configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device;
  • the processing unit is configured to: the obtaining the confirmation frame includes first indication information for indicating that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and determining, according to the first indication information, that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the method further includes: a receiving unit, configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device, where the processing unit is configured to determine, when determining, that the resource used by the acknowledgement frame is one of a plurality of preset indication resources Switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode; wherein any one of the preset plurality of indication resources is a resource for indicating that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • a receiving unit configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device, where the processing unit is configured to determine, when determining, that the resource used by the acknowledgement frame is one of a plurality of preset indication resources Switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode; wherein any one of the preset plurality of indication resources is a resource for indicating that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the method further includes: a receiving unit, configured to: receive second indication information sent by the network device, where the second finger
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the processing unit is configured to: when determining that the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched is the resource identifier of the resource used by the terminal to send the first data, determining that the license is to be switched from the license-free mode To the authorization mode.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: before the switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, determine that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, including:
  • a processing unit configured to determine that the terminal in the unauthorized mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode
  • a sending unit configured to send the indication information to the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information is sent to the terminal, so the terminal can fall back to the authorization mode when it is required to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the data transmission in the authorization mode improves the reliability of data transmission.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by: receiving, by the sending unit, the data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by using the unlicensed resource, before sending the indication information to the terminal by using the sending unit;
  • a processing unit configured to: decode data
  • a sending unit configured to: when the data is successfully decoded, send an acknowledgement frame for the data to the terminal; where the acknowledgement frame includes the indication information.
  • the indication information is an identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources; the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode;
  • a receiving unit configured to: before sending the indication information to the terminal by using the sending unit, receiving data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by using the unlicensed resource;
  • a processing unit configured to: decode data
  • a sending unit configured to: when the data is successfully decoded, send an acknowledgement frame for the data to the terminal by using the resources in the multiple indication resources; wherein the acknowledgement frame is used to determine the identifier of the resource used by the terminal in determining the acknowledgement frame When it is an identifier of any one of the preset indication resources, it is determined that it is necessary to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; the processing unit is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched A terminal that transmits neighboring data and does not receive an acknowledgement frame for neighboring data returned by the network device; wherein the neighboring data is data that is transmitted to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; the processing unit is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched A terminal that transmits neighboring data; wherein the neighboring data is data that is sent to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, including:
  • a transceiver configured to send the first data to the network device by using an unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; and send the second data to the network device by using the authorized resource in the authorization mode;
  • the processor is configured to determine that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and the second data is sent to the network device by using the authorization resource in the authorization mode by the transceiver.
  • the terminal When the terminal transmits the first data in the license-free mode, if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; and not receive the first return of the network device within the preset first time period When the first data of the initial transmission is confirmed, the first data is first transmitted to the network device again;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when determining that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, determine that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the processor is specifically configured to determine, when the time elapsed from the first data is first received, reaches a preset duration threshold, and does not receive an acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, The license-free mode switches to the authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data;
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device;
  • the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset.
  • the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when it is determined that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, and the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, determining that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to Authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data;
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device;
  • the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset.
  • the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processor is specifically configured to determine, when determining that the elapsed time reaches the preset duration threshold from the first initial data, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, Switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is further configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device;
  • the processor is configured to: the obtaining the confirmation frame includes first indication information for indicating that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and determining, according to the first indication information, that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is further configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when determining that the resource used by the confirmation frame is one of the preset multiple indication resources, determine that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode; wherein, among the preset multiple indication resources Either one is a resource for instructing the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is further configured to: receive the second indication information that is sent by the network device, where the second indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when determining that the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched is the resource identifier of the resource used by the terminal to send the first data, determine that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the processor is further configured to: before the switch from the unlicensed mode to the authorization mode, determine that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, including:
  • a processor configured to determine that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode
  • the transceiver is configured to send indication information to the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information is sent to the terminal, so the terminal can fall back to the authorization mode when it is required to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the data transmission in the authorization mode improves the reliability of data transmission.
  • the transceiver further includes: receiving, before sending the indication information to the terminal, the data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by the unlicensed resource; when successfully decoding the data by the processor, sending, to the terminal, An acknowledgment frame of data; wherein the acknowledgment frame includes indication information.
  • the indication information is an identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources; the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode;
  • the transceiver is configured to: before sending the indication information to the terminal, receive data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode through the unlicensed resource; when the data is successfully decoded by the processor, pass the resources in the multiple indicated resources to The terminal sends an acknowledgment frame for the data, where the acknowledgment frame is configured to enable the terminal to determine that the identifier of the resource used by the acknowledgment frame is the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources, To the authorization mode.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the processor is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the neighboring data is data that is transmitted to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the processor is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and then sends the second data to the network device by using the authorized resource in the authorization mode.
  • the terminal transmits the first data in the license-free mode if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for call request processing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2a is a schematic diagram of a method for transmitting data by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2b is a schematic diagram of another method for transmitting data by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2c is a schematic diagram of a method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 2 e is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 2f is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2g is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another network device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • GSM Global System of Mobile Communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic architectural diagram of a communication system to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the communication system 100 can include a network device 101 and at least one terminal, such as a terminal 102, a terminal 103, and a terminal 104.
  • the terminals 102-104 are connected by a wireless connection or a wired connection or other means.
  • the terminal 102-104 can communicate with one or more core networks via a radio access network (RAN), and the terminal device can refer to a user equipment (User Equipment, UE for short), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, and a user. Station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device.
  • the access terminal may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in future 5G networks, and the like.
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • WLL Wireless Local Loop
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • the network device 101 may be a device for communicating with the terminal device, for example, may be a base station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS for short) in the GSM system or CDMA, or a base station (NodeB, NB for short) in the WCDMA system. It may also be an Evolutionary Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or may be a relay station, an access point, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, and a network side device or a future evolved PLMN in a future 5G network. Network devices in the network, etc.
  • the network device 101 may also be other network devices having similar functions of the base station, and may also be terminals. For example, in D2D communication, the terminal as a transmitter assumes the role of the network device.
  • FIG. 2 exemplarily shows a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, based on the system architecture shown in FIG.
  • a schematic diagram of a process, as shown in FIG. 2, a data transmission method implemented by a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • Step 201 The terminal sends the first data to the network device by using an unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode.
  • Step 202 The terminal needs to switch from the exemption mode to the authorization mode, and then send the second data to the network device by using the authorization resource in the authorization mode.
  • the first data and the second data may be the same or different. That is to say, the terminal may send the first data successfully or unsuccessfully, and the terminal may send the first data or the new data by switching from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal When the terminal transmits the first data in the license-free mode, if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • the terminal when the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, there are two implementation manners.
  • the terminal triggers the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the network device triggers the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the following is a detailed description of the first embodiment and the second embodiment described below.
  • two methods of transmitting data by the terminal are introduced in the following manners 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for transmitting data by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal is in an unlicensed mode, and the terminal transmits one data through an unlicensed resource.
  • the terminal is first. The data is initially transmitted. If the acknowledgement frame (Acknowledge, ACK for short) returned by the network device is not received, the terminal first transmits the data for the second time. If the acknowledgement frame returned by the network device has not been received, the initial transmission is performed again. The terminal first transmits the same data through the exempted resource M times, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the terminal first transmits the data for the first time, and if the acknowledgement frame returned by the network device is not received, the terminal first transmits the data again.
  • the first initial data and the second initial data are two independent processes.
  • the network device may separately decode based on the data of each initial transmission. For example, the network device separately decodes according to the first initial data, and the network device receives the second initial transmission of the terminal. The data is then separately decoded by the network device based on the data of the second initial transmission.
  • any two initial transmissions in the process of initializing the data by M times may be the same or different; optionally, the unlicensed resources used may be the same. It can also be different or partially the same.
  • the pilot resource and the time-frequency resource are included in the unlicensed resource, and the pilot resources and the time-frequency resources used in the two initial transmissions are the same; or the pilot resources used in the two initial transmissions are different.
  • the time-frequency resources used are different; or the pilot resources used in the two initial transmissions are different, and the time-frequency resources used are the same.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of another method for transmitting data by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal is in an unlicensed mode, and the terminal transmits one data through the unlicensed resource.
  • the terminal is the first time. the initial transmission of data, if not the network device returns the acknowledgment frame received, the terminal at the beginning of the first retransmission process of transmission, expressed as a first retransmission 11 in Figure 2b, if not accepted the network device to return an acknowledgment frame, the terminal performs the second retransmission in the first initial transmission process, showing for the first retransmission 21 in FIG.
  • the initial transmission of the first N times the retransmission process is expressed as N-2b in FIG. 1 times retransmission.
  • the terminal first transmits the same data through the unlicensed resource M times, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the retransmitted is a redundant version of the data in the initial transmission process.
  • the first 11 data retransmission for the first version of the initial transmission of redundant data may be based on the first initial transmission and re-transmit the first data of 1 N 1 merged retransmitted coded, thereby improving the probability of successful decoding of the data.
  • the network device may be based on the M-th data of the initial transmission and re-transmit. 1 M times on N M retransmission are combined decoding, thereby increasing the probability of successful decoding of the data.
  • any two initial processes are independent processes, for example, the first data is first transmitted and the second data is initially independent of each other.
  • any two initial transmissions in the process of initializing the data by M times may be the same or different; optionally, the unlicensed resources used may be the same. It can also be different or partially the same.
  • the pilot resource and the time-frequency resource are included in the unlicensed resource, and the pilot resources and the time-frequency resources used in the two initial transmissions are the same; or the pilot resources used in the two initial transmissions are different.
  • the time-frequency resources used are different; or the pilot resources used in the two initial transmissions are different, and the time-frequency resources used are the same.
  • the terminal triggers the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal has multiple implementation manners to trigger the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, by using the following embodiments a1, embodiment a2, embodiment a3, and embodiment a4.
  • embodiments a1, embodiment a2, embodiment a3, and embodiment a4 Several alternative embodiments are also described.
  • the following concepts, the concept of the initial data, and the concept of the retransmission data are the same as those of the first mode and the second mode in the foregoing manner, and are not described herein again.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal is preset When the acknowledgment frame for the first data of the first initial transmission returned by the network device is not received within the first time period, the first data is first transmitted to the network device again.
  • the first data of the first initial transmission and the first data of the first transmission are independent from each other.
  • the initial transmission process refer to the contents of the first mode and the second mode.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, and the terminal determines that the mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode when the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches the preset number of initial transmission times. In this way, when the terminal fails to transmit data to the network device multiple times, the terminal can be returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the reliability of the initial data transmitted by the terminal to the network device.
  • the timer in the embodiment of the present invention may also be referred to as a timer, and may set a preset duration corresponding to the timer, and the timer may issue a prompt when the preset duration arrives. Or, for example, if the preset duration is set to 5 milliseconds, after the timer is reset, the timer time is displayed as 5 milliseconds, the timer shortens the display time of the timer by the event, and when the timer display time is 0, a prompt is issued.
  • the counter in the embodiment of the present invention may be accumulated, and may display the accumulated value or issue a prompt or the like. In another optional implementation manner, the counter may be added to the preset value to perform an alarm.
  • the first timer, the second timer, the third timer, the fourth timer, the first counter, the second counter, and the like in the embodiment of the present invention are all timers, wherein “first” and “second”
  • the "third” and “fourth” are only for distinction and do not have a limiting effect.
  • FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first timer and the first counter are used for timing and counting.
  • the terminal is in the license-free mode.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data, and the terminal sets the first counter to reset the first timer and start timing.
  • the terminal determines that the value of the counter is less than the initial number of times threshold and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data that is first transmitted by the network device within the preset first time period, the terminal re-transmits the network device again.
  • a data that is, the terminal first transmits the first data for the second time, and adds 1 to the first counter, resets the first timer again and starts timing. For example, the terminal After the first data is transmitted from the Mth time, the value of the first counter has been accumulated to M. If the terminal determines that the value of M is equal to the initial number of times threshold, the terminal determines that it switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a possible implementation manner is that the terminal may switch to the authorization mode, and the terminal may be in an idle state, and the terminal needs to send a random access request to the network device, so that the network device establishes a connection. Specifically, the terminal may send the connection to the network device.
  • Random access preamble (Preamble).
  • the terminal receives the random access response fed back by the network device; the terminal sends a service request or a scheduling request to the network device, where the scheduling request is used to apply for the authorized resource to the network device;
  • the terminal receives the identifier of the authorized resource allocated by the network device and is allocated by the terminal; the terminal sends the second data on the authorized resource.
  • the service request sent by the terminal to the network device may also be used to apply for an authorized resource to the network device, and an opportunity to send data in the authorization mode.
  • the terminal when the terminal switches to the authorization mode, the terminal has established an RRC connection with the network device, and the terminal sends a service request or a scheduling request to the network device to request to send data through the authorization mode.
  • the terminal sends a service request or a scheduling request to the network device, where the scheduling request is used to apply for an authorized resource to the network device; the terminal receives the identifier of the authorized resource that is returned by the network device and is allocated by the terminal; Two data.
  • the network device configures an authorization resource for the terminal that is switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode; wherein the authorization resource is used to enable the terminal that switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode to send data to the network device by using the authorization resource.
  • the service request sent by the terminal to the network device may also be used to apply for an authorized resource to the network device, and an opportunity to send data in the authorization mode.
  • the terminal needs to send the second data after switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, where the first data and the second data may be the same or different. That is, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgment frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted for the Mth time, the terminal is switching. Additional data can be sent through the authorization resource after the authorization mode. Optionally, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgement frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is not received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted, the terminal is After switching to the authorization mode, other data may be sent through the authorized resource, or the first data may still be sent through the authorized resource.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data, and the terminal re-transmits the first data, specifically: the first initial transmission, the second initial transmission, and the terminal in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b.
  • the first data may be retransmitted between the first initial transmission of the first data and the first data of the first transmission, or may not be retransmitted, and is determined by the terminal itself.
  • the first data that is retransmitted is a redundant version of the first data that is first transmitted, and the network device can The merged decoding is performed based on the first data of the first initial transmission and the retransmission of the redundancy version of the first data after the first data is first transmitted and before the first data is first transmitted.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data, and the terminal retransmits the first data again, which may also refer to: the first initial transmission, the second initial transmission, and the terminal in FIG. 2a and FIG.
  • the initial process and retransmission in the first M For example, the terminal firstly transmits the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, and the terminal determines that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted to the network device reaches the initial number of times threshold, and then determines that the license-free mode is required. Switching to the authorization mode; wherein the number of times the terminal first transmits the first data to the network device includes the number of times the terminal first transmits and retransmits the first data to the network device; that is, the first data is initially transmitted by the terminal, and the first counter is added. 1. The terminal retransmits the first data once, and the first counter also adds 1.
  • the first duration may be a constant value or a varying value.
  • the first duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of initial data transmission, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the first duration increases with the number of initial data transmissions. Large, for example, the first time between the first pass and the second pass is greater than the first time between the second pass and the third pass.
  • the first duration is greater than the duration of the preset network device returning the acknowledgement frame, and the duration of the network device returning the acknowledgement frame is that the first data is sent from the terminal, and the terminal receives the The confirmation frame of a data ends.
  • the length of time that the network device returns the confirmation frame is also generally a fixed value.
  • the acknowledgment frame delay of the existing Long Term Evolution Frequency Division Dual (LTE FDD) system is defined as 4 subframe lengths, that is, 4 ms.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal is preset When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the second duration, the terminal retransmits the first data to the network device; and counts the number of times the first data is retransmitted by the counter; the terminal determines the value of the counter.
  • the authorization mode includes: when the terminal determines that the number of initial data transmissions reaches the preset initial transmission threshold, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, the terminal determines that the authorization mode is to be switched to the authorization mode. mode.
  • the first data of the first initial transmission and the first data of the first transmission are independent from each other. For the discussion of the initial transmission process and the retransmission process, refer to the contents of the first mode and the second mode.
  • the terminal After the terminal first transmits the first data to the network device, the duration reaches the duration threshold, and when the acknowledgment frame returned by the network device is not received, the terminal is returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the terminal to the network device. Pass the reliability of the data.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a second timer optionally, a second timer, a third timer, a first counter, and The second counter is clocked and counted.
  • the terminal is in the license-free mode.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data, and the terminal sets the first counter to 1, resets the second timer and starts timing.
  • the terminal When the terminal does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data of the first initial transmission returned by the network device within the preset second duration, the terminal retransmits the first data to the network device for the first time, and sets the second counter to 1 After determining, by the second timer, that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the second duration, and determining that the value of the second counter is less than the retransmission threshold, retransmitting the first data again, and Increase the value of the second counter by 1.
  • the third timer is started, and the third timer is reset and starts timing.
  • a data that is, the terminal first transmits the first data for the second time, and adds 1 to the first counter, and resets the second timer again and starts timing.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data in the Mth time, and performs N retransmissions in the Mth initial transmission process, and does not receive the network device return in the third time period after the terminal MN retransmission. After confirming the frame, the terminal determines that it has switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the terminal needs to send the second data after switching from the no-authorization mode to the authorization mode, where the first data and the second number are It can be the same or different. That is, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgment frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted for the Mth time, the terminal is switching. Additional data can be sent through the authorization resource after the authorization mode. Optionally, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgement frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is not received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted, the terminal is After switching to the authorization mode, other data may be sent through the authorized resource, or the first data may still be sent through the authorized resource.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data, and the terminal retransmits the first data again, specifically: the first initial transmission, the second initial transmission, and the terminal in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b.
  • the second duration may be less than the first duration.
  • the second duration may be a constant value or a varying value.
  • the second duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the second duration between the first retransmission and the second retransmission is greater than the second duration between the second retransmission and the third retransmission.
  • the second duration is greater than a duration of the preset network device returning the acknowledgement frame, and the network device returns the acknowledgement frame for the duration of the first data sent by the terminal, and the terminal receives the first returned by the network device for the secondary transmission.
  • the confirmation frame of a data ends. When the structure of the data frame is fixed, the length of time that the network device returns the confirmation frame is also generally a fixed value.
  • the acknowledgment frame delay of the existing LTE FDD system is defined as 4 subframe lengths, that is, 4 ms.
  • the third duration may be equal to the first duration in embodiment a1 or may be equal to the second duration in embodiment a2.
  • the third duration may be a constant value or a varying value.
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID the identity of the terminal
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • a possible implementation manner is that the third duration increases as the number of initial transmissions increases. .
  • the specific case of the third duration may be similar to the first duration in the embodiment
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the switching of the authorization mode to the authorization mode includes: when the terminal reaches the preset duration threshold from the first data of the first initial transmission, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, Make sure to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal can be returned to the authorization mode in time when the terminal reaches the duration threshold after the first data is first transmitted to the network device for the first time, and the terminal does not receive the acknowledgement frame returned by the network device, thereby improving the terminal direction.
  • the reliability of data transmission by network devices The first data of the first initial transmission and the first data of the first transmission are independent from each other. For the discussion of the initial transmission process and the retransmission process, refer to the contents of the first mode and the second mode.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fourth timer is used for timing.
  • the terminal is in the license-free mode, and the terminal first transmits the first data, resets the first timer, and starts timing.
  • the terminal determines, by using the fourth timer, that the time elapsed from the start of the first initial data transmission has reached the duration threshold, and the acknowledgement frame returned by the network device is not received within the preset duration threshold, the terminal determines that the terminal is exempt from The authorization mode is switched to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal may use the HARQ technology after the first data is first transmitted, or may not be used.
  • FIG. 2e exemplarily shows a scheme that does not use the HARQ technology, that is, after the first data is initially transmitted by the terminal, after determining that the acknowledgement frame of the network device feedback is not received, the terminal first transmits the first data to the network device again.
  • the terminal may first transmit the first data to the network device, and the terminal determines, by using the fourth timer, the elapsed time from the first initial data transmission.
  • the terminal determines that it has switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal uses the HARQ technology, and the terminal retransmits the first data by using the retransmission technology, and the terminal may first transmit the first data to the network device multiple times, and retransmit the first data multiple times, and the terminal determines the slave timer by using the fourth timer.
  • the terminal determines that it has switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode when the elapsed time from the start of the first data transmission has reached the duration threshold and the acknowledgement frame returned by the network device is not received within the preset duration threshold.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the terminal needs to send the second data after switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, where the first data and the second data may be the same or different. That is, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgment frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted for the Mth time, the terminal is switching. Additional data can be sent through the authorization resource after the authorization mode. Optionally, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgement frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is not received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted, the terminal is After switching to the authorization mode, other data may be sent through the authorized resource, or the first data may still be sent through the authorized resource.
  • the terminal sends the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode, including: the terminal first transmitting the first data to the network device through the unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; the terminal is preset When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the second duration, the terminal retransmits the first data to the network device; and counts the number of times the first data is retransmitted by the counter; the terminal determines the value of the counter.
  • the authorization mode includes: when the terminal determines that the elapsed time reaches the preset duration threshold from the first initial data, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, determining, by the terminal, The license-free mode switches to the authorization mode.
  • the first data of the first initial transmission and the first data of the first transmission are independent from each other. For the discussion of the initial transmission process and the retransmission process, refer to the contents of the first mode and the second mode.
  • the terminal after the terminal first transmits the first data to the network device, the duration reaches the duration threshold, and when the acknowledgment frame returned by the network device is not received, the terminal is returned to the authorization mode in time, thereby improving the transmission of the terminal to the network device.
  • the reliability of the data The use of HARQ technology in this process can further improve the reliability of data transmission.
  • FIG. 2f is a schematic diagram of another method for a terminal to switch from an unauthorized mode to an authorization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a second timer, a third timer, and a fourth timer are used. And counting and counting with the second counter.
  • the terminal is in the license-free mode, and the terminal first transmits the first data, and the terminal resets the second timer and the fourth timer respectively and starts timing.
  • the terminal retransmits the first data to the network device for the first time when the terminal does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data of the first initial transmission returned by the network device within the preset second time period by using the second timer, and Setting the second counter to 1; determining, by the second timer, that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the second duration, and determining that the value of the second counter is less than the retransmission threshold, Pass the first data and increment the value of the second counter by one.
  • the third timer is started, and the third timer is reset and starts timing.
  • the acknowledgement frame returned by the network device is not received, and then the first transmission is started again.
  • a data that is, the terminal first transmits the first data for the second time, and resets the second timer again and starts timing.
  • the terminal first transmits the first data at the Mth time, and N times of retransmissions are performed in the Mth initial transmission process, and it is determined after the MN retransmission of the terminal: the fourth timer displays that the elapsed time from the start of the first data of the first initial transmission has reached the duration threshold, If the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, it is determined that the license-free mode is to be switched to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the terminal needs to send the second data after switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, where the first data and the second data may be the same or different. That is, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgment frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted for the Mth time, the terminal is switching. Additional data can be sent through the authorization resource after the authorization mode. Optionally, if the terminal determines that the acknowledgement frame for the first data of the Mth initial transmission returned by the network device is not received within the preset first duration after the first data is transmitted, the terminal is After switching to the authorization mode, other data may be sent through the authorized resource, or the first data may still be sent through the authorized resource.
  • the second duration may be a constant value or a varying value.
  • the second duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the second duration between the first retransmission and the second retransmission is greater than the second duration between the second retransmission and the third retransmission.
  • the second duration is greater than a duration of the preset network device returning the acknowledgement frame, and the network device returns the acknowledgement frame for the duration of the first data sent by the terminal, and the terminal receives the first returned by the network device for the secondary transmission.
  • the confirmation frame of a data ends. When the structure of the data frame is fixed, the length of time that the network device returns the confirmation frame is also generally a fixed value.
  • the acknowledgment frame delay of the existing LTE FDD system is defined as 4 subframe lengths, that is, 4 ms.
  • the third duration may be equal to the first duration in embodiment a1 or may be equal to the second duration in embodiment a2.
  • the third duration may be a constant value or a varying value.
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID the identity of the terminal
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • ID identity of the terminal
  • the third duration may be a parameter related to the identity of the terminal (ID), the number of times of retransmitting data, and the like.
  • a possible implementation manner is that the third duration increases as the number of initial transmissions increases. .
  • the specific case of the third duration may be similar to the first duration in the embodiment
  • the terminal can trigger the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal can selectively switch back to the authorization mode according to the specific situation of the data that is sent by itself, thereby optimizing the data transmission mode and improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the network device triggers the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the network device has various implementations for triggering the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the following embodiment b1, the embodiment b2, the embodiment b3, and the embodiment b4 are used for description.
  • the network device pre-configures a batch of unlicensed resources for all terminals in the coverage of the network device, and the one or more terminals within the coverage of the network device may use the unlicensed resource. Transfer data in the license-free mode.
  • the network device determines in various circumstances that it is desirable to reduce the terminal located in the unlicensed mode, ie the network device determines that one or more terminals need to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode. For example, the network device determines that the current network load is greater than a preset load threshold. For another example, the network device periodically detects the decoding success rate of the data received in the unlicensed mode. When determining that the decoding success rate is less than the preset success rate threshold, it is determined that the terminal located in the unauthorized mode is required to be reduced.
  • a possible implementation manner is that the network device determines that at least one terminal in the terminal set needs to be from the unlicensed mode.
  • Switching to the authorization mode includes: determining, by the network device, that the pilot detection succeeds in the preset fourth duration and transmitting the data through the at least one unauthorized resource; and determining, by the network device, the quantity and the data of the successfully decoded data according to the data. The ratio of the number of data successfully detected by the frequency detection; when determining that the ratio is less than the preset success rate threshold, the network device determines that at least one terminal in the set of terminals needs to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the network device For example, if the network device receives 1000 data through the unlicensed resource within the current 10 milliseconds (ms), the network device detects the pilot of the 1000 data. The network device only successfully decodes 800 data. At this time, the network device determines that the decoding success rate is 80%. If the success rate threshold is 95%, the network device determines that at least one terminal in the terminal set needs to be exempt from authorization. The mode switches to the authorization mode.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2g, the method includes:
  • Step 211 The network device determines that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • Step 212 The network device sends indication information to the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information is sent to the terminal, so the terminal can fall back to the authorization mode when it is required to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the data transmission in the authorization mode improves the reliability of data transmission.
  • the network device successfully receives the data sent by the terminal through the unlicensed resource, and the network device sends the indication information to the terminal by replying the acknowledgement frame to the network device, so that the terminal is rolled back from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information is the first indication information.
  • the first indication information and the second indication information in the embodiment of the present invention are only for distinguishing, and do not have any limiting function.
  • the network device receives the data that is sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by the unlicensed resource; the network device successfully decodes the data; the network device sends the indication information to the terminal, including: the network device An acknowledgment frame for data is sent to the terminal; wherein the acknowledgment frame includes indication information.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the unlicensed mode to the authorization mode, including: the terminal receiving the acknowledgement frame sent by the network device; and the obtaining the acknowledgement frame includes the first indication information for indicating that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, according to the The first indication information determines that the license-free mode is to be switched to the authorization mode.
  • the first indication information of the segment is the indication information of the previous segment. Specifically, after the network device receives the acknowledgement frame for parsing, if the acknowledgement frame includes the first indication information, the terminal may obtain the first indication information; if the acknowledgement frame does not include the first indication information, the terminal may not acquire Go to the first indication.
  • the form of the indication information may be various.
  • a status bit is added to the acknowledgment frame channel, and 1 bit information is used to indicate the indication information. If the bit information is 0, the acknowledgement frame is an acknowledgement frame in the prior art, and does not include first indication information for indicating that the terminal falls back to the authorization mode, and the terminal may continue to use the unauthorized mode to transmit data. If the bit information is 1, the acknowledgement frame includes first indication information for indicating that the terminal falls back to the authorization mode, and the terminal cannot continue to use the unlicensed mode to transmit data, needs to fall back to the authorization mode, and uses the authorization mode. Authorize resources to transfer data.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the network device successfully receives the data sent by the terminal through the unlicensed resource, and the network device sends the indication information to the terminal by replying the acknowledgement frame to the network device, so that the terminal is rolled back from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information is an identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources; the identifier of any one of the multiple indication resources is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode;
  • the network device Before the network device sends the indication information to the terminal, the network device receives the data sent by the terminal in the unauthorized mode through the unlicensed resource; the network device successfully decodes the data.
  • the network device sends the indication information to the terminal, where the network device sends an acknowledgement frame for the data to the terminal by using the resources in the multiple indication resources, where the acknowledgement frame is used to enable the terminal to determine the identifier of the resource used by the acknowledgement frame as a pre- When the identifiers of any one of the indicated resources are set, it is determined that the license-free mode is to be switched to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, where the terminal receives the acknowledgement frame sent by the network device, and when determining that the resource used by the acknowledgement frame is one of the preset multiple indication resources, Determining that switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode is required; wherein any one of the preset plurality of indication resources is a resource for indicating that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • a plurality of indication resources are set in advance, and the plurality of indication resources are a plurality of resources of the network device.
  • the network device feeds back an acknowledgment frame to the terminal by using one of the multiple indication resources, and the terminal determines that the identifier of the resource for transmitting the acknowledgment frame is one of a plurality of preset indication resources, and the terminal needs to fall back to the authorization mode. .
  • the resources used by the network device to feed back the acknowledgment frame may be classified into two types, such as the first type of resources and the second type of resources, and the resources used by the network device to feed back the acknowledgment frame may be time-frequency resources, spatial domain resources, and codes. Any one or more of the domain resources, and so on. For example, after the network device uses the first type of resource feedback acknowledgement frame and the terminal successfully receives the frame, the terminal falls back to the authorization mode. After the network device uses the second type of resource feedback acknowledgement frame and the terminal successfully receives the terminal, the terminal continues to use the unlicensed mode.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the network device presets a plurality of unlicensed resources in advance, and the network device can broadcast the indication information to the terminal by broadcasting when determining that the number of terminals in the unlicensed mode needs to be reduced, and the terminal receiving the indication information determines whether it is The terminal that needs to be rolled back.
  • the indication information is the second indication information.
  • the first indication information and the second indication information in the embodiment of the present invention are only for distinguishing, and do not have any limiting function.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of one or more license-free resources to be switched.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the network device, the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched from the preset unlicensed resource; wherein the terminal is the terminal that sends the neighboring data by using the unlicensed resource to be switched;
  • the neighboring data is data that is sent to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the terminal needs to switch from the unlicensed mode to the authorization mode, where the terminal receives the second indication information sent by the network device, where the second indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched;
  • the identifier of the authorized resource is the resource identifier of the resource used by the terminal to send the first data, it is determined that the license-free mode is switched to the authorization mode.
  • the network device determines, from the preset unlicensed resources, that the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched is 001 and 002, the network device coverage area, a batch of terminal A transmits data through the unlicensed resource before receiving the second indication information, and there is a batch of terminal B in the batch of terminal A, and any one of the batch of terminal B,
  • the nearest neighbor is transmitted through the unlicensed resource whose resource identifier is 001 or 002 before receiving the second indication information, that is, each terminal in the batch of terminals B needs to fall back to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal D transmits data through the unlicensed resource with the resource identifier of 003, and the data is transmitted through the resource with the resource identifier of 006.
  • the unlicensed resource of 001 transmits data and receives the second indication information.
  • the neighboring data is the most adjacent one before the terminal D receives the second indication information, that is, the data transmitted by the unlicensed resource whose resource identifier is 001.
  • the resource that the terminal D sends the neighboring data is an unauthorized resource whose resource identifier is 001.
  • the terminal needs to fall back to the authorization mode regardless of whether the data sent by the terminal is correctly decoded by the network device.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the network device can randomly determine the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched from the preset unlicensed resources.
  • the unlicensed resource with the highest decoding failure rate is used as the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device randomly selects one or more of the unlicensed resources that receive data on the unlicensed resource and decrypts for a period of time as the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device determines, by the pre-configured unlicensed resource, the identifier of the at least one unlicensed resource to be switched, where the network device determines, in the data received by the unlicensed resource within the preset fifth duration, And decoding the failed data; the network device determines at least one unlicensed resource used for decoding the failed data; and the network device determines at least one to be switched from the at least one unauthorized resource used by the decoded failed data The identity of the authorized resource.
  • the network device presets a plurality of unlicensed resources in advance, and the network device can broadcast the indication information to the terminal by broadcasting when determining that the number of terminals in the unlicensed mode needs to be reduced, and the terminal receiving the indication information determines whether it is The terminal that needs to be rolled back.
  • the indication information is the second indication information.
  • the first indication information and the second indication information in the embodiment of the present invention are only for distinguishing, and do not have any limiting function.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device further includes: determining, by the network device, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched from the preset unlicensed resource; a terminal for transmitting an acknowledgment frame for neighboring data, which is sent by using a to-be-switched unlicensed resource, and not receiving a acknowledgment frame for neighboring data returned by the network device; wherein, the neighboring data is the nearest one of the unlicensed resources before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information The data sent by the network device.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the terminal, that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received.
  • the network device determines, from the preset unlicensed resources, that the identifiers of the unlicensed resources to be switched are 001 and 002, and the batch of terminals A in the network device coverage pass the license-free before receiving the second indication information.
  • the resource transmission data in the batch terminal A, there is a batch of terminal B, and any one of the batch of terminal B transmits the unlicensed resource with the resource identifier of 001 or 002 in the nearest neighbor before receiving the second indication information.
  • Data there is a batch of terminals C in the batch of terminals B, each terminal in the batch of terminals C sends neighbors to the network device through the unlicensed resources. When the data is near, the terminal that does not receive the acknowledgement frame fed back by the network device, that is, each terminal in the batch of terminal C needs to fall back to the authorization mode.
  • the terminal when the resource used for transmitting the neighboring data is the unlicensed resource to be switched, and the terminal does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the neighboring data sent by the terminal, the terminal needs to fall back to the authorization mode.
  • the resource used when transmitting the neighboring data is the unlicensed resource to be switched, but the terminal receives the acknowledgement frame for the neighboring data sent by the terminal, that is, the neighboring data of the terminal is correctly decoded by the network device. Then the terminal does not need to fall back to the authorization mode, and the data can still be transmitted using the license-free mode of the license-free mode.
  • the terminal after the terminal needs to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, the terminal initiates any one or more of a random access request, a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • a random access request e.g., a service request, or a scheduling request to the network device.
  • the network device can randomly determine the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched from the preset unlicensed resources.
  • the unlicensed resource with the highest decoding failure rate is used as the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device randomly selects one or more of the unlicensed resources that receive data on the unlicensed resource and decrypts for a period of time as the unlicensed resource to be switched.
  • the network device may send the second indication information by using a specific channel or a resource, where the specific channel may be an existing channel or a specially defined channel, and the resource may be a time-frequency resource, a code domain resource, or an airspace resource. Any one or more, and so on.
  • the following two forms are the form one described based on the above embodiment a1 and the form 2 based on the above embodiment b1 and the embodiment b2.
  • the Chinese in the middle of /// to *// after the English is the corresponding Chinese definition of the English in the paragraph.
  • a scheduling request is used as an example, and the scheduling request is used to enable the terminal to request the network device to transmit the uplink data once.
  • initial Random Access Process by sending a preamble in the coming uplink transmission opportunity; / / * if the user is idle in the RRC connection State, the preamble is sent, thereby initiating a random access procedure to obtain an opportunity to transmit uplink data; *//
  • initial address is a preamble in the coming uplink transmission opportunity; / / * if the user is in the RRC connection idle state, the preamble is transmitted, thereby initiating a random access procedure, Get the opportunity to transmit upstream data; *//
  • a fallback solution for the terminal to fall back from the license-free mode to the authorization mode is provided.
  • the number of terminals in the license-free mode is large, and the license-free mode is used. If the channel condition of the user (on the unlicensed resource) is bad, or the decoding success rate of using the unlicensed mode is low, the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention reverts the terminal in the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode. Thereby, network transmission efficiency can be improved and network congestion can be alleviated.
  • the transmission failure caused by the pilot collision can be fundamentally solved, and at the same time, the pilot collision probability is reduced.
  • the transmission failure caused by the bad channel condition can be fundamentally solved, and the network device can perform scheduling according to the real-time channel information of the terminal, and solve the transmission problem of the terminal itself.
  • the terminal if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, which is used to execute the foregoing method, as shown in FIG.
  • the terminal 300 includes a transmitting unit 301 and a processing unit 302.
  • a receiving unit 303 is further included.
  • a counter 304 is also included. among them:
  • a sending unit configured to send the first data to the network device by using an unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; and send the second data to the network device by using the authorized resource in the authorization mode;
  • the processing unit is configured to determine that the switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, and send the second data to the network device by using the authorization resource in the authorization mode by the sending unit.
  • the sending unit is configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode for the first time; and not receive the first return of the network device within the preset first time period When the first data of the initial transmission is confirmed, the first data is first transmitted to the network device again;
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: when determining that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, determine that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the sending unit is specifically configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to determine, when the time period elapsed from the first data transmission from the first time reaches a preset duration threshold, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, The license-free mode switches to the authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data
  • the sending unit is configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; When the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device; the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset. When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processing unit is configured to: when determining that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, determining that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to Authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data
  • the sending unit is configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; When the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device; the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset. When the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: when it is determined that the elapsed time from the first initial data is first to reach a preset duration threshold, and the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, Switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the method further includes: a receiving unit, configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device;
  • the processing unit is configured to: the obtaining the confirmation frame includes first indication information for indicating that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and determining, according to the first indication information, that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the method further includes: a receiving unit, configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device, where the processing unit is configured to determine, when determining, that the resource used by the acknowledgement frame is one of a plurality of preset indication resources Switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode; wherein any one of the preset plurality of indication resources is a resource for indicating that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • a receiving unit configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device, where the processing unit is configured to determine, when determining, that the resource used by the acknowledgement frame is one of a plurality of preset indication resources Switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode; wherein any one of the preset plurality of indication resources is a resource for indicating that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to:
  • Processing unit specifically for:
  • the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: before the switching from the license-free mode to the authorization mode, determine that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received.
  • the terminal if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the same concept, the embodiment of the present invention provides a network device for performing the foregoing method flow. As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 400 includes a sending unit 401 and a processing unit 402. Optionally, a receiving unit 403 is further included. among them:
  • a processing unit configured to determine that the terminal in the unauthorized mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode
  • a sending unit configured to send the indication information to the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by: receiving, by the sending unit, the data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by using the unlicensed resource, before sending the indication information to the terminal by using the sending unit;
  • a processing unit configured to: decode data
  • a sending unit configured to: when the data is successfully decoded, send an acknowledgement frame for the data to the terminal; where the acknowledgement frame includes the indication information.
  • the indication information is an identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources; the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode; a receiving unit, configured to: before sending the indication information to the terminal by using the sending unit, receiving data sent by the terminal in the unauthorized mode through the unlicensed resource;
  • a processing unit configured to: decode data
  • a sending unit configured to: when the data is successfully decoded, send an acknowledgement frame for the data to the terminal by using the resources in the multiple indication resources; wherein the acknowledgement frame is used to determine the identifier of the resource used by the terminal in determining the acknowledgement frame When it is an identifier of any one of the preset indication resources, it is determined that it is necessary to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; the processing unit is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched A terminal that transmits neighboring data and does not receive an acknowledgement frame for neighboring data returned by the network device; wherein the neighboring data is data that is transmitted to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; the processing unit is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched A terminal that transmits neighboring data; wherein the neighboring data is data that is sent to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the terminal if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the license-free mode transmission fails to suspend the terminal to transmit data or re-configure the terminal for the unlicensed resource. The data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 5 exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a terminal provided by the present application. Based on the same concept, the present application provides a terminal for performing the above method flow.
  • the terminal 500 includes a processor 501, a memory 502, a communication interface 503, and a transceiver 505.
  • a counter 506 is also included.
  • the processor 501, the memory 502, the communication interface 503, and the transceiver 505 are connected to one another via a bus 504.
  • the bus 504 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 4, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the memory 502 may include a volatile memory such as a random-access memory (RAM); the memory may also include a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory (flash) Memory), hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD); the memory 410 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • non-volatile memory such as a flash memory (flash) Memory), hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD)
  • the memory 410 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.
  • the communication interface 503 can be a wired communication access port, a wireless communication interface, or a combination thereof, wherein the wired communication interface can be, for example, an Ethernet interface.
  • the Ethernet interface can be an optical interface, an electrical interface, or a combination thereof.
  • the wireless communication interface can be a WLAN interface.
  • the processor 501 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP) or a combination of a CPU and an NP.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • NP network processor
  • the processor 501 may further include a hardware chip.
  • the hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general array logic (GAL) or any combination.
  • the memory 502 can also be used to store program instructions, and the processor 501 invokes program instructions stored in the memory 502 to perform one or more of the steps of the embodiments shown in Figures 2 through 2g above, or The optional implementation manner enables the terminal 500 to implement the functions of the terminal in the foregoing method.
  • a transceiver configured to send the first data to the network device by using an unlicensed resource in the unauthorized mode; and send the second data to the network device by using the authorized resource in the authorization mode;
  • the processor is configured to determine that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and the second data is sent to the network device by using the authorization resource in the authorization mode by the transceiver.
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode; and not receive the first return of the network device within the preset first time period When the first data of the initial transmission is confirmed, the first data is first transmitted to the network device again;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when determining that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, determine that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: first transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the processor is specifically configured to determine, when the time elapsed from the first data is first received, reaches a preset duration threshold, and does not receive an acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, Unauthorized mode switch to authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data;
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device;
  • the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset.
  • the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when it is determined that the number of times the first data is initially transmitted reaches a preset initial number of times threshold, and the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, determining that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to Authorization mode.
  • a counter is further configured to count the number of times of retransmitting the first data;
  • the transceiver is specifically configured to: firstly transmit the first data to the network device by using the unlicensed resource in the unlicensed mode;
  • the acknowledgment frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received within the preset second time period, the first data is retransmitted to the network device;
  • the value of the counter is added to the preset retransmission times threshold, and the preset third time period is preset.
  • the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received, the first data is first transmitted again;
  • the processor is specifically configured to determine, when determining that the elapsed time reaches the preset duration threshold from the first initial data, and does not receive the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device, Switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is further configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device;
  • the processor is configured to: the obtaining the confirmation frame includes first indication information for indicating that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, and determining, according to the first indication information, that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is further configured to: receive an acknowledgement frame sent by the network device;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when determining that the resource used by the confirmation frame is one of the preset multiple indication resources, determine that the mode is to be switched from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode; wherein, among the preset multiple indication resources Either one is a resource for instructing the terminal to switch from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver is further configured to: receive the second indication information that is sent by the network device, where the second indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched;
  • the processor is specifically configured to: when determining that the identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched is the resource identifier of the resource used by the terminal to send the first data, determine that the mode is to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode.
  • the processor is further configured to: before the switch from the unlicensed mode to the authorization mode, determine that the acknowledgement frame for the first data returned by the network device is not received.
  • the terminal if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 6 exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a network device provided by the present application. Based on the same concept, the present application provides a network device for performing the above method flow.
  • the network device 600 includes a processor 601, a memory 602, a communication interface 603, and a transceiver 605.
  • the processor 601, the memory 602, the communication interface 603, and the transceiver 605 are connected to one another via a bus 604.
  • the bus 604 can be a PCI bus or an EISA bus or the like.
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 4, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the memory 602 may include a volatile memory such as a RAM; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory, HDD or SSD; the memory 602 may also include A combination of the above types of memories.
  • the communication interface 603 can be a wired communication access port, a wireless communication interface, or a combination thereof, wherein the wired communication interface can be, for example, an Ethernet interface.
  • the Ethernet interface can be an optical interface, an electrical interface, or a combination thereof.
  • the wireless communication interface can be a WLAN interface.
  • the processor 601 can be a CPU, an NP or a combination of a CPU and an NP.
  • the processor 601 may further include a hardware chip.
  • the above hardware chip may be an ASIC, a PLD, or a combination thereof.
  • the above PLD may be a CPLD, an FPGA, a GAL, or any combination thereof.
  • the memory 602 can also be used to store program instructions, and the processor 601 calls the program instructions stored in the memory 602 to perform one or more of the steps in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 2g above, or An optional implementation manner enables the network device 600 to implement the functions of the network device in the foregoing method.
  • a processor configured to determine that the terminal in the unlicensed mode needs to be switched from the license-free mode to the authorization mode
  • the transceiver is configured to send indication information to the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode.
  • the transceiver further includes: receiving, before sending the indication information to the terminal, the data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode by the unlicensed resource; when successfully decoding the data by the processor, sending, to the terminal, An acknowledgment frame of data; wherein the acknowledgment frame includes indication information.
  • the indication information is an identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources; the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources is used to indicate that the terminal switches from the license-free mode to the authorization mode;
  • the transceiver is configured to: before sending the indication information to the terminal, receive data sent by the terminal in the unlicensed mode through the unlicensed resource; when the data is successfully decoded by the processor, pass the resources in the multiple indicated resources to The terminal sends an acknowledgment frame for the data, where the acknowledgment frame is configured to enable the terminal to determine that the identifier of the resource used by the acknowledgment frame is the identifier of any one of the preset multiple indication resources, To the authorization mode.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the processor is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the neighboring data is data that is transmitted to the network device by the unlicensed resource in the nearest neighbor before the to-be-switched terminal receives the indication information.
  • the indication information includes an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the processor is further configured to: determine, from the preset unlicensed resource, an identifier of the unlicensed resource to be switched; wherein the terminal is to use the unlicensed resource to be switched
  • the terminal if the terminal needs to switch from the unauthorized mode to the authorization mode, the terminal reverts to the authorization mode and transmits data through the authorization mode, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the use of the unlicensed mode transmission failure suspends the terminal to transmit data or re-configures the terminal for the unlicensed resource, and the data transmission success rate is greatly improved.
  • a computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the processes or functions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, Or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, computer instructions can be wired from a website site, computer, server or data center (eg Coax, fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) is transmitted to another website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes one or more available media.
  • Useful media can be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, Solid State Disk (SSD)).
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备，用以提高处于免授权模式下的终端传输数据的可靠性。本发明实施例中，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。由于终端在免授权模式下初传第一数据时，若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端可以回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，因此提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。

Description

一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备
本申请要求在2016年08月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610652562.3、发明名称为“一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备。
背景技术
无线蜂窝网络，如长期演进(Long Term Evolution，简称LTE)***中，终端在向网络设备发送上行数据之前，首先需要向网络设备发送随机接入请求，以便接收到网络设备返回的随机接入响应之后，与网络设备之间建立无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，简称RRC)连接。建立RRC连接之后终端进入无线资源控制连接状态，终端向网络设备发送调度请求(Scheduling Request，简称SR)，如果网络设备允许该终端发送上行数据，则网络设备会向该终端发送授权指令，为该终端分配授权资源，终端接收到该授权指令后，才能根据指令的要求通过授权资源向网络设备发送上行数据。此种数据传输过程称为授权传输。
一方面，授权传输时延较大，该时延具体指从终端确定有上行数据需要发送到终端从空口将该上行数据发送出去的时延。另一方面，当某段时间内有上行数据发送需求的终端数量较多时，用于发送调度请求和授权指令的上下行控制信道资源消耗将非常大，从而导致控制开销占网络总开销(如功率、空口资源等)的比例较高，尤其是当终端的业务都是小数据包业务时，授权传输的这一缺点尤为明显。
免授权传输可避开上述授权传输所出现的问题。免授权传输的基本思想是数据“即来即走”，即网络设备预先配置一批资源为免授权资源，终端确定有上行数据要发送时，不必经过发送随机接入请求、调度请求和等待接收网络设备的授权指令这一过程，而是直接将上行数据经过一定处理后通过免授权资源发送给网络设备。这一过程中，网络设备在终端使用免授权传输之前，通常需要为终端预先指定可用的免授权资源，比如上行导频资源、时频资源等，而网络设备可能需要借助盲检测等手段来接收终端发送的数据。
可见，上述免授权传输时延小，且在上行数据传输过程中可不传输随机接入请求、调度请求和授权指令，因此降低了网络总开销。且大规模机器通信(massive Machine-Type Communication，简称mMTC)是已经明确的5G三大应用场景中的一个重要场景，该场景的典型特征是终端数量庞大、业务类型以小数据包业务为主，而且对低时延有一定的要求，该场景中，免授权传输相比授权传输更优。
免授权传输模式下，终端可以采用诸如(时域、频域、空域)分集传输、混合自动重传请求(Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request，简称HARQ)等技术来提高传输可靠性，但是即便如此，仍有可能存在因为导频碰撞或信道条件恶劣等因素导致的使用免授权模式传输上行数据传输失败的情形。因此，对于处于免授权模式下的终端，如何进一步提高数据传输的可靠性成为迫在眉睫的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种数据传输方法及终端、网络设备，用以提高处于免授权模式下的终端传输数据的可靠性。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种数据传输方法，包括：
终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。
由于终端在免授权模式下传输第一数据时，若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备再次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，则可在终端多次向网络设备初传数据失败时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备初传数据的可靠性。
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，则可在终端向网络设备初传第一数据之后时长达到时长阈值、且也未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备初传数据的可靠性。
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备重传第一数据；并通过计数器对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；终端在确定计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值，若确定在预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧，则再次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，则可在终端多次向网络设备初传数据失败时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备初传数据的可靠性。
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备重传第一数据；并通过计数器对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；终端在确定计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值，若确定在预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧，则再次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：所终端在确定从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的 确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，则可在终端向网络设备初传第一数据之后时长达到时长阈值、且也未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备初传数据的可靠性。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的确认帧；获取确认帧中包括用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，向终端发送第一指示信息，因此，终端可以在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的确认帧；在确定确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，通过向终端发送包括指示信息的确认帧的方式，通知终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，从而使终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；终端在确定待切换免授权资源的标识为终端发送第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，通过向终端发送第二指示信息的方式，通知终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，从而使终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，还包括：终端确定未接收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧。如此，通过免授权模式进行数据成功传输的终端可以不必回退至授权模式；而在免授权模式下传输数据失败，且通过第二指示信息中的待切换免授权资源的标识对应的资源发送第一数据的终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，还包括：终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求(Scheduling Request，简称SR)中的任一个或任多个。从而可使终端回退至授权模式之后，在授权模式下争取发送数据的机会。
可选地，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求之后，还包括：终端接收网络设备反馈的随机接入响应；终端向网络设备发送服务请求或调度请求；其中，调度请求用于向网络设备申请授权资源；终端接收网络设备返回的为终端分配的授权资源的标识；终端在授权资源上发送第二数据。可选地，终端向网络设备发送的服务请求也可用于向网络设备申请授权资源，在授权模式下争取发送数据的机会。
可选地，终端向网络设备发起服务请求或调度请求，包括：终端向网络设备发送服务请求或调度请求；其中，调度请求用于向网络设备申请授权资源；终端接收网络设备返回的为终端分配的授权资源的标识；终端在授权资源上发送第二数据。从而可使终端回退至授权模式之后，在授权模式下争取发送数据的机会。可选地，终端向网络设备发送的服务请求也可用于向网络设备申请授权资源，在授权模式下争取发送数据的机会。
可选地，第二数据与第一数据传输的数据内容一致。如此，可以提高第一数据的传输的可靠性。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种数据传输方法，包括：
网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；网络设备向终端发送指示信息，其中，指示信息用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，向终端发送指示信息，因此，终端可以在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：网络设备接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；网络设备对数据译码成功；网络设备向终端发送指示信息，包括：网络设备向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧中包括指示信息。由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，通过向终端发送包括指示信息的确认帧的方式，通知终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，从而使终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：网络设备接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；网络设备对数据译码成功；网络设备向终端发送指示信息，包括：网络设备通过多个指示资源中的资源，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧用于使终端在确定确认帧所使用的资源的标识为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，通过向终端发送包括指示信息的确认帧的方式，通知终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，从而使终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据、且未接收到网络设备返回的针对邻近数据的确认帧的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，通过向终端发送指示信息的方式，通知终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，从而使终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。如此，通过免授权模式进行数据成功传输的终端可以不必回退至授权模式；而在免授权模式下传输数据失败，且通过第二指示信息中的待切换免授权资源的标识对应的资源发送第一数据的终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种终端，包括：
发送单元，用于在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；在授权模 式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据；
处理单元，用于确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过发送单元在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。
由于终端在免授权模式下传输第一数据时，若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
可选地，发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备再次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，则再次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在确定从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；
处理单元，具体用于：获取确认帧中包括用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；处理单元，具体用于：在确定确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：接收网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，第二指 示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理单元，具体用于：在确定待切换免授权资源的标识为终端发送第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，确定未接收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供一种网络设备，包括：
处理单元，用于确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
发送单元，用于向终端发送指示信息，其中，指示信息用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，向终端发送指示信息，因此，终端可以在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：在通过发送单元向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
处理单元，用于：对数据译码；
发送单元，用于：在对数据译码成功时，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧中包括指示信息。
可选地，指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
还包括接收单元，用于：在通过发送单元向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
处理单元，用于：对数据译码；
发送单元，用于：在对数据译码成功时，通过多个指示资源中的资源，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧用于使终端在确定确认帧所使用的资源的标识为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理单元，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据、且未接收到网络设备返回的针对邻近数据的确认帧的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理单元，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供一种终端，包括：
收发器，用于在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据；
处理器，用于确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过收发器在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。
由于终端在免授权模式下传输第一数据时，若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现 有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
可选地，收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备再次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在确定从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，收发器，还用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；
处理器，具体用于：获取确认帧中包括用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，收发器，还用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；
处理器，具体用于：在确定确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
可选地，收发器，还用于：接收网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
处理器，具体用于：在确定待切换免授权资源的标识为终端发送第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，处理器，还用于：在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，确定未接收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供一种网络设备，包括：
处理器，用于确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
收发器，用于向终端发送指示信息，其中，指示信息用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，向终端发送指示信息，因此，终端可以在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
可选地，还包括收发器，用于：在向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；在通过处理器对数据译码成功时，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧中包括指示信息。
可选地，指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
收发器，用于：在向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；在通过处理器对数据译码成功时，通过多个指示资源中的资源，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧用于使终端在确定确认帧所使用的资源的标识为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理器，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据、且未接收到网络设备返回的针对邻近数据的确认帧的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理器，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
本发明实施例中，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。由于终端在免授权模式下传输第一数据时，若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种呼叫请求处理的***架构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种数据传输方法流程示意图；
图2a为本发明实施例提供的一种终端传输数据的方法示意图；
图2b为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端传输数据的方法示意图；
图2c为本发明实施例提供的一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图；
图2d为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图；
图2e为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图；
图2f为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图；
图2g为本发明实施例提供的另一种数据传输方法流程示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种终端的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的另一种网络设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
应理解，本发明实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信***，例如：全球移动通讯(Global System of Mobile Communication，简称GSM)***、码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，简称CDMA)***、宽带码分多址(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，简称WCDMA)通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service，简称GPRS)***、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，简称LTE)***、LTE频分双工(Frequency Division Duplex，简称FDD)***、LTE时分双工(Time Division Duplex，简称TDD)、通用移动通信***(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System，简称UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access，简称WiMAX)通信***，以及未来的5G通信***等。
图1示出了应用本发明实施例的一种通信***的示意性架构图。如图1所示，该通信***100可以包括网络设备101和至少一个终端，比如终端102、终端103和终端104，终端102～104通过无线连接或有线连接或其它方式连接。
终端102～104可以经无线接入网(Radio Access Network，简称RAN)与一个或多个核心网进行通信，终端设备可以指用户设备(User Equipment，简称UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。接入终端可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，简称SIP)电话、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，简称WLL)站、个人数字处理(Personal Digital Assistant，简称PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，未来5G网络中的终端设备等。
网络设备101可以是用于与终端设备进行通信的设备，例如，可以是GSM***或CDMA中的基站(Base Transceiver Station，简称BTS)，也可以是WCDMA***中的基站(NodeB，简称NB)，还可以是LTE***中的演进型基站(Evolutional Node B，简称eNB或eNodeB)，或者可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G网络中的网络侧设备或未来演进的PLMN网络中的网络设备等。网络设备101也可以为具有基站类似功能的其它网络设备，还可以是终端，例如，在D2D通信中，由作为发射机的终端承担网络设备的角色。
基于图1所示的***架构，图2示例性示出了本发明实施例提供的一种数据传输方法 流程示意图，如图2所示，本发明实施例提供的终端实现的一种数据传输方法，包括：
步骤201，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；
步骤202，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。
可选地，第一数据与第二数据可相同，也可不同。也就是说，终端发送第一数据可以成功也可不成功，终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式可以发送第一数据，也可发送一个新的数据。
由于终端在免授权模式下传输第一数据时，若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
本发明实施例中，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，存在两种实施方式，第一种实施方式，由终端触发终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；第二种实施方式，由网络设备触发终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。下面通过下述第一种实施方式和第二种实施方式进行详细介绍。针对第一种实施方式中，通过下述方式一和方式二介绍终端传输数据的两种方式。
方式一
图2a为本发明实施例提供的一种终端传输数据的方法示意图，如图2a所示，终端处于免授权模式，终端通过免授权资源传输一个数据，当不使用HARQ技术时，终端第一次初传该数据，若未接受到网络设备返回的确认帧(Acknowledge，简称ACK)，则终端第二次初传该数据，若还未接受到网络设备返回的确认帧，则再次初传，比如，终端通过免授权资源M次初传同一个数据，其中，M为大于等于2的整数。也可描述为，终端第一次初传该数据，若未接受到网络设备返回的确认帧，则终端再次初传该数据。本发明实施例中，第一次初传数据与第二次初传该数据为两个独立的过程。可选地，网络设备可基于每一次初传的数据单独进行译码，比如，网络设备根据第一次初传的数据进行单独译码，未成功，网络设备接收到终端第二次初传的该数据，则网络设备再根据第二次初传的数据单独译码。
具体实施中，上述M次初传该数据的过程中的任意两次初传中：可选地，所使用的调制编码方式可相同也可不同；可选地，所使用的免授权资源可相同，也可不同，也可部分相同。比如，免授权资源中包括导频资源和时频资源，该两次初传中所使用的导频资源和时频资源均相同；或者，该两次初传中所使用的导频资源不相同，所使用的时频资源不相同；或者，该两次初传中所使用的导频资源不同，所使用的时频资源相同。
方式二
图2b为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端传输数据的方法示意图，如图2b所示，终端处于免授权模式，终端通过免授权资源传输一个数据，当使用HARQ技术时，终端第一次初传该数据，若未接受到网络设备返回的确认帧，则终端进行在第一次初传进程下的第一次重传，在图2b中表示为第11次重传，若未接受到网络设备返回的确认帧，则终端进行在第一次初传进程下的第二次重传，在图2b中表示为第21次重传，比如在第一次初传进程下共进行了N次重传，第一次初传进程下的第N次重传表示为图2b中的第N1次重传。类似地，终端通过免授权资源M次初传同一个数据，其中，M为大于等于2的整数。第M次初传进程中的第一次重传表示为第1M次重传，第M次初传进程中的第N次重传表示为第 NM次重传。
如图2b所示，重传的为初传进程中的数据的冗余版本。比如第11次重传的数据为第一次初传的数据的冗余版本。也就是说，网络设备可基于第一次初传以及第11次重传至第N1次重传的数据进行合并译码，从而提高数据译码成功的概率。类似地，网络设备可基于第M次初传以及第1M次重传至第NM次重传的数据进行合并译码，从而提高数据译码成功的概率。可选地，任两次初传进程为相互独立的进程，比如，第一次初传一个数据和第二次初传该数据为相互独立的进程。
具体实施中，上述M次初传该数据的过程中的任意两次初传中：可选地，所使用的调制编码方式可相同也可不同；可选地，所使用的免授权资源可相同，也可不同，也可部分相同。比如，免授权资源中包括导频资源和时频资源，该两次初传中所使用的导频资源和时频资源均相同；或者，该两次初传中所使用的导频资源不相同，所使用的时频资源不相同；或者，该两次初传中所使用的导频资源不同，所使用的时频资源相同。
第一种实施方式，由终端触发终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
结合上述方式一和方式二进行介绍，在该实施方式中，终端有多种实现方式触发终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过下面实施例a1、实施例a2、实施例a3和实施例a4等几种可选地的实施方式来进行说明。下述内容中、初传数据的概念和重传数据的概念与上述方式一和方式二中的初传概念相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例a1
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备再次初传第一数据。第一次初传第一数据与再次初传第一数据之间相互独立，该初传进程的相关论述参见上述方式一和方式二中的内容。终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，则可在终端多次向网络设备初传数据失败时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备初传数据的可靠性。
具体来说，本发明实施例中的计时器也可称为定时器，可以设置计时器对应的预设时长，在预设时长到达时，该计时器可发出提示。或者，比如设置预设时长为5毫秒，则重置计时器之后，计时器的时间显示为5毫秒，计时器按事件缩短计时器的显示时间，当计时器显示时间为0时，发出提示。本发明实施例中的计数器可以进行累加，并可将累加的值进行显示或者发出提示等等，另一种可选地实施方式中，计数器累加至预设的值后可以进行报警。本发明实施例中的第一计时器、第二计时器、第三计时器、第四计时器、第一计数器、第二计数器等均为计时器，其中的“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”仅仅为了区分，并不具备限制作用。
图2c为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图，如图2c所示，可选地，使用第一计时器和第一计数器进行计时和计数。终端处于免授权模式，终端第一次初传第一数据，终端将第一计数器置1，将第一计时器复位并开始计时。终端在确定计数器的值小于初传次数阈值、且在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备再次初传第一数据，即终端第二次初传该第一数据，并将第一计数器加1，再次将第一计时器复位并开始计时。比如，终端 在第M次初传第一数据之后，此时第一计数器的值已经累加至M，若终端确定M的值等于初传次数阈值，则终端确定自己从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。
一种可能的实现方式为，终端在切换至授权模式，可能终端处于空闲态，则终端需要向网络设备发送随机接入请求，以便于网络设备建立连接，具体来说，终端可向网络设备发送随机接入前导(Preamble)。可选地，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求之后，终端接收网络设备反馈的随机接入响应；终端向网络设备发送服务请求或调度请求；其中，调度请求用于向网络设备申请授权资源；终端接收网络设备返回的为终端分配的授权资源的标识；终端在授权资源上发送第二数据。可选地，终端向网络设备发送的服务请求也可用于向网络设备申请授权资源，在授权模式下争取发送数据的机会。
另一种可能的实现方式为，终端切换至授权模式时终端已经建立与网络设备的RRC连接，则终端向网络设备发送服务请求或调度请求，以便请求通过授权模式发送数据。可选地，终端向网络设备发送服务请求或调度请求；其中，调度请求用于向网络设备申请授权资源；终端接收网络设备返回的为终端分配的授权资源的标识；终端在授权资源上发送第二数据。可选地，网络设备为从免授权模式切换至授权模式的终端配置授权资源；其中，授权资源用于使从免授权模式切换至授权模式的终端通过授权资源向网络设备发送数据。可选地，终端向网络设备发送的服务请求也可用于向网络设备申请授权资源，在授权模式下争取发送数据的机会。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后发送第二数据，第一数据与第二数据可相同也可不同。也就是说，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据。可选地，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内未接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据，也可仍旧通过授权资源发送第一数据。
可选地，该实施例a1中终端第一次初传第一数据、终端再次初传第一数据具体是指：图2a中和图2b中终端第一次初传、第二次初传和第M次初传中的初传进程。在图2c中，在第一次初传第一数据和第二次初传第一数据之间可以重传第一数据，也可不重传，由终端自己决定。若进行重传第一数据，比如在第一次初传第一数据之后重传第一数据，则重传的第一数据为第一次初传的第一数据的冗余版本，网络设备可基于第一次初传的第一数据，以及在第一次初传第一数据之后且在第二次初传第一数据之前进行重传第一数据的冗余版本进行合并译码。初传和重传的相关论述可参见前方方式一和方式二的论述部分。可选地，该实施例a1中终端第一次初传第一数据、终端再次初传第一数据也可指：图2a中和图2b中终端第一次初传、第二次初传和第M次初传中的初传进程以及重传。比如，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据，终端在确定向网络设备初传第一数据的次数达到初传次数阈值，则确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，终端向网络设备初传第一数据的次数包括终端向网络设备初传和重传第一数据的次数；也就是说，终端初传一次第一数据，第一计数器加1，终端重传一次第一数据，第一计数器也加1。
可选地，第一时长可以为恒定值，也可以是变化的值。比如，第一时长可以为与终端的标识(Identity；简称ID)、初传数据的次数等有关的参数，一种可能的实现方式为，第一时长随着初传数据的次数的增多而增大，比如第一次初传与第二次初传之间的第一时长大于第二次初传和第三次初传之间的第一时长。可选地，第一时长大于预设的网络设备返回确认帧的时长，网络设备返回确认帧的时长为从终端发送第一数据开始，到终端接收到网络设备返回的针对该次所发送的第一数据的确认帧结束。当数据帧的结构固定后，网络设备返回确认帧的时长一般也为定值。比如，现有长期演进频分双工(Long Term Evolution Frequency Division Dual，简称LTE FDD)***的确认帧延迟定义为4个子帧长度，即4ms。
实施例a2
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备重传第一数据；并通过计数器对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；终端在确定计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值，若确定在预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧，则再次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。第一次初传第一数据与再次初传第一数据之间相互独立，该初传进程和重传进程的相关论述参见上述方式一和方式二中的内容。
如此，则可在终端向网络设备初传第一数据之后时长达到时长阈值、且也未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备初传数据的可靠性。
图2d为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图，如图2d所示，可选地，使用第二计时器、第三计时器、第一计数器和第二计数器进行计时和计数。终端处于免授权模式，终端第一次初传第一数据，终端将第一计数器置1，将第二计时器复位并开始计时。终端在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备第一次重传第一数据，并将第二计数器置1；在通过第二计时器确定在第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧、且确定第二计数器的值小于重传次数阈值，则再次重传第一数据，并将第二计数器的值加1。比如，在重传N次之后，确定在第1N次重传之后的第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧、且第二计数器的值等于重传次数阈值，则启动第三计时器，并将第三计时器复位并开始计时，在通过第三计时器确定第1N次重传之后的第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的确认帧，则再次初传第一数据，即终端第二次初传该第一数据，并将第一计数器加1，再次将第二计时器复位并开始计时。比如，终端在第M次初传第一数据，并且在第M次初传进程下进行了N次重传，且在终端第MN次重传之后的第三时长内未接收到网络设备返回的确认帧，则终端确定自己从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后发送第二数据，第一数据与第二数 据可相同也可不同。也就是说，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据。可选地，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内未接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据，也可仍旧通过授权资源发送第一数据。
可选地，该实施例a2中终端第一次初传第一数据、终端再次初传第一数据具体是指：图2a中和图2b中终端第一次初传、第二次初传和第M次初传中的初传进程。
可选地，第二时长可小于第一时长。
可选地，第二时长可以为恒定值，也可以是变化的值。比如，第二时长可以为与终端的标识(Identity；简称ID)、重传数据的次数等有关的参数，一种可能的实现方式为，第二时长随着重传的次数的增多而增大，比如第一次重传与第二次重传之间的第二时长大于第二次重传和第三次重传之间的第二时长。可选地，第二时长大于预设的网络设备返回确认帧的时长，网络设备返回确认帧的时长为从终端发送第一数据开始，到终端接收到网络设备返回的针对该次所发送的第一数据的确认帧结束。当数据帧的结构固定后，网络设备返回确认帧的时长一般也为定值。比如，现有LTE FDD***的确认帧延迟定义为4个子帧长度，即4ms。
可选地，第三时长可以等于实施例a1中的第一时长，也可等于实施例a2中的第二时长。可选地，第三时长可以为恒定值，也可以是变化的值。比如，第三时长可以为与终端的标识(Identity，简称ID)、重传数据的次数等有关的参数，一种可能的实现方式为，第三时长随着初传的次数的增多而增大。第三时长具体情况可与实施例a1中第一时长类似，在此不再赘述。
实施例a3
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，则可在终端向网络设备第一次初传第一数据之后时长达到时长阈值、且也未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备传输数据的可靠性。第一次初传第一数据与再次初传第一数据之间相互独立，该初传进程和重传进程的相关论述参见上述方式一和方式二中的内容。
图2e为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图，如图2e所示，可选地，使用第四计时器进行计时。终端处于免授权模式，终端第一次初传第一数据，将第一计时器复位并开始计时。终端通过第四计时器确定从第一次初传第一数据起始所经过的时间已达到时长阈值、且在预设时长阈值内未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，终端确定自己从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
具体来说，终端在第一次初传第一数据之后，可以使用HARQ技术，也可不使用。图2e示例性示出了一种不使用HARQ技术的方案，即终端在初传第一数据之后，在确定未接收到网络设备反馈的确认帧之后，终端再次向网络设备初传第一数据。终端可以多次向网络设备初传第一数据，终端通过第四计时器确定从第一次初传第一数据起始所经过的时间 已达到时长阈值、且在预设时长阈值内未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，终端确定自己从免授权模式切换至授权模式。或者，终端使用HARQ技术，终端使用重传技术对第一数据进行重传，终端可以多次向网络设备初传第一数据，以及多次重传第一数据，终端通过第四计时器确定从第一次初传第一数据起始所经过的时间已达到时长阈值、且在预设时长阈值内未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，终端确定自己从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后发送第二数据，第一数据与第二数据可相同也可不同。也就是说，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据。可选地，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内未接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据，也可仍旧通过授权资源发送第一数据。
实施例a4
可选地，终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；终端在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备重传第一数据；并通过计数器对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；终端在确定计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值，若确定在预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧，则再次初传第一数据；终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端在确定从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。第一次初传第一数据与再次初传第一数据之间相互独立，该初传进程和重传进程的相关论述参见上述方式一和方式二中的内容。
如此，则可在终端向网络设备初传第一数据之后时长达到时长阈值、且也未收到网络设备返回的确认帧时，使该终端及时退回至授权模式，从而提高了终端向网络设备传输数据的可靠性。在此过程中使用HARQ技术，可进一步提高数据传输的可靠性。
图2f为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的方法示意图，如图2f所示，可选地，使用第二计时器、第三计时器、第四计时器和第二计数器进行计时和计数。终端处于免授权模式，终端第一次初传第一数据，终端将第二计时器和第四计时器分别复位并开始计时。终端在通过第二计时器确定预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，终端向网络设备第一次重传第一数据，并将第二计数器置1；在通过第二计时器确定在第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧、且确定第二计数器的值小于重传次数阈值，则再次重传第一数据，并将第二计数器的值加1。比如，在重传N次之后，确定在第1N次重传之后的第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧、且第二计数器的值等于重传次数阈值，则启动第三计时器，并将第三计时器复位并开始计时，在通过第三计时器确定第1N次重传之后的第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的确认帧，则再次初传第一数据，即终端第二次初传该第一数据，并再次将第二计时器复位并开始计时。比如，终端在第M次初传第一数据，并且在 第M次初传进程下进行了N次重传，且在终端第MN次重传之后确定：第四计时器显示从第一次初传第一数据起始所经过的时间已达到时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，则确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后发送第二数据，第一数据与第二数据可相同也可不同。也就是说，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据。可选地，若终端确定在第M次初传第一数据之后，在预设的第一时长内未接收到网络设备返回的针对第M次初传的第一数据的确认帧，则终端在切换至授权模式之后可以通过授权资源发送其它数据，也可仍旧通过授权资源发送第一数据。
可选地，第二时长可以为恒定值，也可以是变化的值。比如，第二时长可以为与终端的标识(Identity；简称ID)、重传数据的次数等有关的参数，一种可能的实现方式为，第二时长随着重传的次数的增多而增大，比如第一次重传与第二次重传之间的第二时长大于第二次重传和第三次重传之间的第二时长。可选地，第二时长大于预设的网络设备返回确认帧的时长，网络设备返回确认帧的时长为从终端发送第一数据开始，到终端接收到网络设备返回的针对该次所发送的第一数据的确认帧结束。当数据帧的结构固定后，网络设备返回确认帧的时长一般也为定值。比如，现有LTE FDD***的确认帧延迟定义为4个子帧长度，即4ms。
可选地，第三时长可以等于实施例a1中的第一时长，也可等于实施例a2中的第二时长。可选地，第三时长可以为恒定值，也可以是变化的值。比如，第三时长可以为与终端的标识(Identity；简称ID)、重传数据的次数等有关的参数，一种可能的实现方式为，第三时长随着初传的次数的增多而增大。第三时长具体情况可与实施例a1中第一时长类似，在此不再赘述。
通过上述方式可以看出，本发明实施例中，可以由终端触发终端自己从免授权模式切换至授权模式。如此，终端可以根据自己发送数据的具体情况，有针对性的选择是否切换回授权模式，从而更加优化了数据发送方式，且也提高了数据传输的可靠性。
第二种实施方式，由网络设备触发终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
网络设备有多种实施方式用于触发终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式，本发明实施例中通过以下实施例b1、实施例b2、实施例b3和实施例b4来进行说明。
本发明实施例中，可选地，网络设备为该网络设备的覆盖范围内的所有终端预先配置一批免授权资源，网络设备覆盖范围内的一个或多个终端均可使用该免授权资源在免授权模式下传输数据。
网络设备在多种情况下确定需要减少位于免授权模式的终端，即网络设备确定一个或多个终端需要从免授权模式切换至授权模式。比如，网络设备确定当前网络负载大于预设的负载阈值。再比如，网络设备周期性检测在免授权模式下接收到的数据的译码成功率，在确定译码成功率小于预设的成功率阈值时，确定需要减少位于免授权模式的终端。
一种可能的实现方式为，网络设备确定需将终端集合中的至少一个终端从免授权模式 切换至授权模式，包括：网络设备确定出预设第四时长内导频检测成功的、且通过至少一个免授权资源发送的数据；网络设备根据数据，确定出译码成功的数据的数量与导频检测成功的数据的数量的比值；网络设备在确定比值小于预设的成功率阈值时，确定需将终端集合中的至少一个终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
举个例子，比如网络设备在当前的10毫秒(ms)内通过免授权资源接收到1000个数据，网络设备对该1000个数据的导频均检测。网络设备仅对其中800个数据进行译码成功，此时网络设备确定译码成功率为80％，若成功率阈值为95％，则网络设备确定需将终端集合中的至少一个终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
图2g为本发明实施例中提供的另一种数据传输方法的流程示意图，如图2g所示，该方法包括：
步骤211，网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
步骤212，网络设备向终端发送指示信息，其中，指示信息用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
由于网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，向终端发送指示信息，因此，终端可以在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式时，回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。
实施例b1
网络设备成功接收到终端通过免授权资源发送的数据，网络设备通过向网络设备回复确认帧的方式向该终端发送指示信息，以使该终端从免授权模式回退至授权模式。
在该实施例b1中，指示信息即为第一指示信息。，本发明实施例中的第一指示信息和第二指示信息仅仅是为了区别，并不具有任何限定作用。
可选地，网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，网络设备接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；网络设备对数据译码成功；网络设备向终端发送指示信息，包括：网络设备向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧中包括指示信息。
相应地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的确认帧；获取确认帧中包括用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息时，根据第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。该段的第一指示信息即为上一段的指示信息。具体来说，网络设备接收到确认帧进行解析之后，若确认帧中包括第一指示信息，则终端可获取到第一指示信息；若确认帧中不包括第一指示信息，则终端则不能获取到第一指示信息。
本发明实施例中，指示信息的形式可多种多样。比如，在确认帧信道中增加一个状态位，使用1个比特信息来表示该指示信息。该比特信息为0则表示该确认帧为现有技术中的确认帧，并不包括用于指示终端回退至授权模式的第一指示信息，该终端可继续使用免授权模式传输数据。该比特信息为1则表示该确认帧包括用于指示终端回退至授权模式的第一指示信息，该终端不可继续使用免授权模式传输数据，需要回退到授权模式，并使用授权模式下的授权资源传输数据。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
实施例b2
网络设备成功接收到终端通过免授权资源发送的数据，网络设备通过向网络设备回复确认帧的方式向该终端发送指示信息，以使该终端从免授权模式回退至授权模式。
可选地，指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，网络设备接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；网络设备对数据译码成功。网络设备向终端发送指示信息，包括：网络设备通过多个指示资源中的资源，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧用于使终端在确定确认帧所使用的资源的标识为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
相应地，可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的确认帧；在确定确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
该实施例b2中，可选地，预先设置多个指示资源，多个指示资源为网络设备的众多资源中的多个。网络设备通过该多个指示资源中的一个资源向终端反馈确认帧，终端确定出传输该确认帧的资源的标识为预先设置的多个指示资源中的一个时，终端即需要回退至授权模式。
具体来说，可以将网络设备反馈确认帧所使用的资源分为两类，如第一类资源和第二类资源，网络设备反馈确认帧所使用的资源可以是时频资源、空域资源、码域资源中的任一种或任多种等等。比如，网络设备使用第一类资源反馈确认帧且终端成功接收后，则终端回退到授权模式。网络设备使用第二类资源反馈确认帧且终端成功接收后，终端继续使用免授权模式。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
实施例b3
网络设备提前预设了多个免授权资源，网络设备可在确定需要减少处于免授权模式的终端的数量时，向终端通过广播的方式播报指示信息，收到指示信息的终端自己确定自己是否为需要回退的终端。
在该实施例b3中，指示信息即为第二指示信息。本发明实施例中的第一指示信息和第二指示信息仅仅是为了区别，并不具有任何限定作用。
可选地，指示信息包括一个或多个待切换免授权资源的标识。网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；终端在确定待切换免授权资源的标识为终端发送第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
举个例子，网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识为001和 002，网络设备覆盖范围内存在一批终端A在接收到该第二指示信息之前通过免授权资源传输数据，在该批终端A中存在一批终端B，该批终端B中的任一个终端，在接收到第二指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过资源标识为001或002的免授权资源传输数据，也就是说，该批终端B中的每个终端均需要回退至授权模式。
举个例子用于说明邻近数据的概念，比如在一段时间内，终端D按照时间顺序通过资源标识为003的免授权资源传输数据、通过资源标识为006的免授权资源传输数据、通过资源标识为001的免授权资源传输数据以及接收到第二指示信息。则，邻近数据为终端D接收到第二指示信息之前最邻近的一次，即通过资源标识为001的免授权资源传输的数据。终端D发送邻近数据的资源为资源标识为001的免授权资源。
也就是说，该例子中，只要发送邻近数据时所使用的资源为待切换免授权资源，则无论该终端所发送的数据是否被网络设备正确译码，该终端均需要回退至授权模式。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
该实施例b3中，网络设备可以随机的从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识。也可将一段时间内使用免授权资源传输数据时，译码失败率最高的免授权资源作为待切换免授权资源。或者，网络设备从一段时间内在免授权资源上接收到数据且译码失败的免授权资源中随机选择一个或多个作为待切换免授权资源。具体来说，网络设备从预先配置的免授权资源中确定出至少一个待切换免授权资源的标识，包括：网络设备确定出在预设第五时长内通过免授权资源接收到的数据中的、且译码失败的数据；网络设备确定出译码失败的数据所使用的至少一个免授权资源；网络设备从译码失败的数据所使用的至少一个免授权资源中确定出至少一个待切换的免授权资源的标识。
实施例b4
网络设备提前预设了多个免授权资源，网络设备可在确定需要减少处于免授权模式的终端的数量时，向终端通过广播的方式播报指示信息，收到指示信息的终端自己确定自己是否为需要回退的终端。
在该实施例b3中，指示信息即为第二指示信息。本发明实施例中的第一指示信息和第二指示信息仅仅是为了区别，并不具有任何限定作用。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；网络设备向终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据、且未接收到网络设备返回的针对邻近数据的确认帧的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，还包括：终端确定未接收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧。
举个例子，网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识为001和002，网络设备覆盖范围内存在一批终端A在接收到该第二指示信息之前通过免授权资源传输数据，在该批终端A中存在一批终端B，该批终端B中的任一个终端，在接收到第二指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过资源标识为001或002的免授权资源传输数据，在该批终端B中存在一批终端C，该批终端C中的每个终端均为通过免授权资源向网络设备发送邻 近数据时，未接收到网络设备反馈的确认帧的终端，也就是说，该批终端C中的每个终端均需要回退至授权模式。
也就是说，发送邻近数据时所使用的资源为待切换免授权资源，且该终端未收到针对该终端所发送的邻近数据的确认帧时，则该终端均需要回退至授权模式。对应地，发送邻近数据时所使用的资源为待切换免授权资源，但是该终端收到针对该终端所发送的邻近数据的确认帧，也就是说明该终端的邻近数据被网络设备正确译码，则该终端不需要回退至授权模式，仍可使用免授权模式的免授权资源传输数据。
可选地，终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，终端向网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求或调度请求中的任一个或任多个。具体内容可参见实施例a1的论述，在此不再赘述。
该实施例b3中，网络设备可以随机的从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识。也可将一段时间内使用免授权资源传输数据时，译码失败率最高的免授权资源作为待切换免授权资源。或者，网络设备从一段时间内在免授权资源上接收到数据且译码失败的免授权资源中随机选择一个或多个作为待切换免授权资源。具体描述可参见实施例b2中的方案，在此不再赘述。
可选地，网络设备可以使用特定信道或资源发送该第二指示信息，该特定信道可以是现有的信道，也可以是特殊定义的信道，该资源可以时频资源、码域资源、空域资源中的任一种或任多种等等。
下面两种形式为基于上述实施例a1进行描述的形式一和基于上述实施例b1和实施例b2的形式二。下述例子中，英文后面的//*至*//中间的中文为该段英文的对应的中文释义。下述例子中以调度请求为例进行描述，调度请求用于使终端向网络设备请求一次传输上行数据的机会。
形式一
· If a data packet is to be transmitted by a user using Grant-Free Transmission Mode,the user shall,//*如果用户使用免授权模式传输数据包，则该用户应,*//
· If the transmission is a first transmission of the data packet,transmit the data packet,set COUNTER C to 1and reset TIMER T1；//*如果此次是第一次初传该数据包，则在第一次初传该数据包之后，将计数器C置1，并复位计时器T1；*//
· If timeout of TIMER T1 is detected and an“ACK”is not successfully received by the user,//*如果确定计时器T1到达预设时长，且用户未成功接收到“ACK”，*//
· If COUNTER C<M,re-transmit the data packet,set the COUNTER C to C+1and reset TIMER T1；//*如果计数器C小于M，则再次初传数据包，并将计数器C加1，且复位计时器T1；*//
· If COUNTER C＝＝M,//*如果计数器C等于M，*//
· If the user is in RRC IDLE state,initiate Random Access Process by sending a preamble in the coming uplink transmission opportunity；//*如果该用户在RRC连接空闲 状态，则发送前导，从而发起随机接入过程，以获得传输上行数据的机会；*//
· If the user is in RRC ACT IVE state,send a Scheduling Request to the BS in the coming uplink transmission opportunity；//*如果该用户在RRC连接活跃状态，则发送调度请求给网络设备，以获得传输上行数据的机会；*//
· If the user is in some other new RRC states,FFS.//*如果该用户需要建立新的RRC连接，则该终端重新建立RRC连接。*//
形式二
· Upon successful detection of ACK feedback for the network,a user in Grant-Free Transmission Mode shall,//*在网络中成功检测到向终端反馈的确认帧，则使用免授权模式传输数据的该终端应，*//
· If a Switch Flag is included in the feedback,//*如果确认帧中包括用于指示该终端切换至授权模式的指示信息，*//
· If the user is in RRC I DLE state,initiate Random Access Process by sending a preamble in the coming uplink transmission opportunity；//*如果该用户在RRC连接空闲状态，则发送前导，从而发起随机接入过程，以获得传输上行数据的机会；*//
· If the user is in RRC ACTIVE state,send a Service Request to the BS in the coming uplink transmission opportun ity；//*如果该用户在RRC连接活跃状态，则发送调度请求给网络设备，以获得传输上行数据的机会；*//
· If the user is in some other new RRC states,FFS.//*如果该用户需要建立新的RRC连接，则该终端重新建立RRC连接。*//
通过上述方案的描述，可见，本发明实施例中给出可终端从免授权模式回退至授权模式的回退方案，在特定场景下，比如，免授权模式的终端数量大、使用免授权模式的用户(在免授权资源上)信道条件恶劣，或者使用免授权模式传输的译码成功率较低，则本发明实施例所提供的方案，将处于免授权模式的终端回退至授权模式，从而可提升网络传输效率，缓解网络拥塞。第二方面，可对于导频碰撞引起的传输失败可从根本上进行解决，且同时降低导频碰撞概率。第三方面，可从根本上进行解决对于信道条件恶劣引起的传输失败，且网络设备可以根据终端实时信道信息进行调度，解决终端本身传输问题。
从上述内容可看出，本发明实施例中若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
图3示例性示出了本发明实施例提供的一种终端的结构示意图。
基于相同构思，本发明实施例提供一种终端，用于执行上述方法流程，如图3所示， 该终端300包括发送单元301、处理单元302。可选地，还包括接收单元303。可选地，还包括计数器304。其中：
发送单元，用于在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据；
处理单元，用于确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过发送单元在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。
可选地，发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备再次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；发送单元，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，则再次初传第一数据；
处理单元，具体用于：在确定从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；
处理单元，具体用于：获取确认帧中包括用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；处理单元，具体用于：在确定确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
可选地，接收单元，还用于：
接收网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的 标识；
处理单元，具体用于：
在确定待切换免授权资源的标识为终端发送第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，处理单元，还用于：在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，确定未接收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧。
从上述内容可看出，本发明实施例中若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
图4示例性示出了本发明实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图。基于相同构思，本发明实施例提供一种网络设备，用于执行上述方法流程，如图4所示，该网络设备400包括发送单元401和处理单元402。可选地，还包括接收单元403。其中：
处理单元，用于确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
发送单元，用于向终端发送指示信息，其中，指示信息用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括接收单元，用于：在通过发送单元向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
处理单元，用于：对数据译码；
发送单元，用于：在对数据译码成功时，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧中包括指示信息。
可选地，指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；还包括接收单元，用于：在通过发送单元向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
处理单元，用于：对数据译码；
发送单元，用于：在对数据译码成功时，通过多个指示资源中的资源，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧用于使终端在确定确认帧所使用的资源的标识为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理单元，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据、且未接收到网络设备返回的针对邻近数据的确认帧的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理单元，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
从上述内容可看出，本发明实施例中若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案， 数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
图5示例性示出了本申请提供的一种终端的结构示意图。基于相同构思，本申请提供一种终端，用于执行上述方法流程，如图5所示，该终端500包括处理器501、存储器502和通信接口503、收发器505。可选地，还包括计数器506。其中，处理器501、存储器502、通信接口503和收发器505通过总线504相互连接。
总线504可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，简称EISA)总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图4中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
存储器502可以包括易失性存储器(volatile memory)，例如随机存取存储器(random-access memory，简称RAM)；存储器也可以包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如快闪存储器(flash memory)，硬盘(hard disk drive，简称HDD)或固态硬盘(solid-state drive，简称SSD)；存储器410还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。
通信接口503可以为有线通信接入口，无线通信接口或其组合，其中，有线通信接口例如可以为以太网接口。以太网接口可以是光接口，电接口或其组合。无线通信接口可以为WLAN接口。
处理器501可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，简称CPU)，网络处理器(network processor，简称NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。
处理器501还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，简称ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，简称PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device，简称CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array，简称FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic,简称GAL)或其任意组合。
可选地，存储器502还可以用于存储程序指令，处理器501调用该存储器502中存储的程序指令，可以执行上述图2至图2g中所示实施例中的一个或多个步骤，或其中可选的实施方式，使得终端500实现上述方法中终端的功能。
收发器，用于在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据；
处理器，用于确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过收发器在授权模式下通过授权资源向网络设备发送第二数据。
可选地，收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第一时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备再次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权 模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在确定初传第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括计数器，用于对重传第一数据的次数进行计数；收发器，具体用于：在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传第一数据；在预设第二时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，向网络设备重传第一数据；在计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传第一数据；
处理器，具体用于：在确定从第一次初传第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，收发器，还用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；
处理器，具体用于：获取确认帧中包括用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，收发器，还用于：接收网络设备发送的确认帧；
处理器，具体用于：在确定确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
可选地，收发器，还用于：接收网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
处理器，具体用于：在确定待切换免授权资源的标识为终端发送第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，处理器，还用于：在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，确定未接收到网络设备返回的针对第一数据的确认帧。
从上述内容可看出，本发明实施例中若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
图6示例性示出了本申请提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图。基于相同构思，本申请提供一种网络设备，用于执行上述方法流程，如图6所示，该网络设备600包括处理器601、存储器602和通信接口603、收发器605。其中，处理器601、存储器602、通信接口603和收发器605通过总线604相互连接。
总线604可以是PCI总线或EISA总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图4中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
存储器602可以包括易失性存储器(volatile memory)，例如RAM；存储器也可以包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如快闪存储器(flash memory)，HDD或SSD；存储器602还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。
通信接口603可以为有线通信接入口，无线通信接口或其组合，其中，有线通信接口例如可以为以太网接口。以太网接口可以是光接口，电接口或其组合。无线通信接口可以为WLAN接口。
处理器601可以是CPU，NP或者CPU和NP的组合。
处理器601还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是ASIC，PLD或其组合。上述PLD可以是CPLD，FPGA，GAL或其任意组合。
可选地，存储器602还可以用于存储程序指令，处理器601调用该存储器602中存储的程序指令，可以执行上述图2至图2g中所示实施例中的一个或多个步骤，或其中可选的实施方式，使得网络设备600实现上述方法中网络设备的功能。
处理器，用于确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
收发器，用于向终端发送指示信息，其中，指示信息用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，还包括收发器，用于：在向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；在通过处理器对数据译码成功时，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧中包括指示信息。
可选地，指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
收发器，用于：在向终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；在通过处理器对数据译码成功时，通过多个指示资源中的资源，向终端发送针对数据的确认帧；其中，确认帧用于使终端在确定确认帧所使用的资源的标识为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理器，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据、且未接收到网络设备返回的针对邻近数据的确认帧的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；处理器，还用于：从预设的免授权资源中确定出待切换免授权资源的标识；其中，终端为使用待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；其中，邻近数据为待切换终端接收到指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向网络设备发送的数据。
从上述内容可看出，本发明实施例中若终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则终端回退至授权模式，通过授权模式传输数据，从而提高了数据传输的可靠性。相比现有技术中使用免授权模式传输失败则暂停终端传输数据或者重新为终端配置免授权资源的方案，数据传输成功率得到较大的提升。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本发明实施例的流程或功能。计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、 或者其他可编程装置。计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(***)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (37)

  1. 一种数据传输方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；
    所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，则在授权模式下通过授权资源向所述网络设备发送第二数据。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：
    所述终端在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    所述终端在预设第一时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的所述第一数据的确认帧时，向所述网络设备再次初传所述第一数据；
    所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：
    所述终端在确定初传所述第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：
    所述终端在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向所述网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：
    所述终端在从第一次初传所述第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据，包括：
    所述终端在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向所述网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    所述终端在预设第二时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，所述终端向所述网络设备重传所述第一数据；并通过计数器对重传所述第一数据的次数进行计数；
    所述终端在确定所述计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值，若确定在预设第三时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧，则再次初传所述第一数据；
    所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：
    所述终端在确定初传所述第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    或者，
    所述终端在确定从第一次初传所述第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：
    所述终端接收所述网络设备发送的确认帧；获取所述确认帧中包括用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据所述第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    或者
    所述终端接收所述网络设备发送的确认帧；在确定所述确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，包括：
    所述终端接收所述网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，所述第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
    所述终端在确定所述待切换免授权资源的标识为所述终端发送所述第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，还包括：
    所述终端确定未接收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，还包括：
    所述终端向所述网络设备发起随机接入请求、服务请求和调度请求中的任一个或任多个。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，还包括：
    所述终端向所述网络设备发起随机接入请求；
    所述终端接收所述网络设备反馈的随机接入响应。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之后，还包括：
    所述终端向所述网络设备发送服务请求或调度请求；其中，所述服务请求或所述调度请求用于向所述网络设备申请授权资源；
    所述终端接收所述网络设备返回的为所述终端分配的所述授权资源的标识；
    所述终端在所述授权资源上发送所述第二数据。
  11. 一种数据传输方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络设备确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送指示信息，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备向所述终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：
    所述网络设备接收处于免授权模式的所述终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
    所述网络设备对所述数据译码成功；
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送指示信息，包括：
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送针对所述数据的确认帧；其中，所述确认帧中包括所述 指示信息。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：
    所述网络设备接收处于免授权模式的所述终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
    所述网络设备对所述数据译码成功；
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送指示信息，包括：
    所述网络设备通过所述多个指示资源中的资源，向所述终端发送针对所述数据的确认帧；
    其中，所述确认帧用于使所述终端在确定所述确认帧所使用的资源的标识为所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送指示信息之前，还包括：
    所述网络设备从预设的免授权资源中确定出所述待切换免授权资源的标识；
    其中，所述终端为使用所述待切换免授权资源发送所述邻近数据、且未接收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述邻近数据的确认帧的终端；或者，所述终端为使用所述待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；
    其中，所述邻近数据为所述待切换终端接收到所述指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向所述网络设备发送的数据。
  15. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    发送单元，用于在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；在授权模式下通过授权资源向所述网络设备发送第二数据；
    处理单元，用于确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过所述发送单元在授权模式下通过授权资源向所述网络设备发送第二数据。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的终端，其特征在于，所述发送单元，具体用于：
    在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    在预设第一时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的所述第一数据的确认帧时，向所述网络设备再次初传所述第一数据；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：
    在确定初传所述第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的终端，其特征在于，所述发送单元，具体用于：
    在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向所述网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：
    在从第一次初传所述第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的终端，其特征在于，还包括计数器，用于对重传所述第一数据的次数进行计数；
    所述发送单元，具体用于：
    在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向所述网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    在预设第二时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，向所述网络设备重传所述第一数据；
    在所述计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传所述第一数据；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：
    在确定初传所述第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    或者，
    在确定从第一次初传所述第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  19. 如权利要求15所述的终端，其特征在于，还包括接收单元，用于：
    接收所述网络设备发送的确认帧；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：
    获取所述确认帧中包括用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据所述第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    或者
    在确定所述确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
  20. 如权利要求15所述的终端，其特征在于，还包括接收单元，用于：
    接收所述网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，所述第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：
    在确定所述待切换免授权资源的标识为所述终端发送所述第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，确定未接收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧。
  22. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    发送单元，用于向所述终端发送指示信息，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的网络设备，其特征在于，还包括接收单元，用于：
    在通过所述发送单元向所述终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的所述终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
    所述处理单元，用于：
    对所述数据译码；
    所述发送单元，用于：
    在对所述数据译码成功时，向所述终端发送针对所述数据的确认帧；其中，所述确认帧中包括所述指示信息。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    还包括接收单元，用于：
    在通过所述发送单元向所述终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的所述终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
    所述处理单元，用于：
    对所述数据译码；
    所述发送单元，用于：
    在对所述数据译码成功时，通过所述多个指示资源中的资源，向所述终端发送针对所述数据的确认帧；
    其中，所述确认帧用于使所述终端在确定所述确认帧所使用的资源的标识为所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  25. 如权利要求22所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
    所述处理单元，还用于：
    从预设的免授权资源中确定出所述待切换免授权资源的标识；
    其中，所述终端为使用所述待切换免授权资源发送所述邻近数据、且未接收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述邻近数据的确认帧的终端；或者，所述终端为使用所述待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；
    其中，所述邻近数据为所述待切换终端接收到所述指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向所述网络设备发送的数据。
  26. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    收发器，用于在免授权模式下通过免授权资源向网络设备发送第一数据；在授权模式下通过授权资源向所述网络设备发送第二数据；
    处理器，用于确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式，通过所述收发器在授权模式下通过授权资源向所述网络设备发送第二数据。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的终端，其特征在于，所述收发器，具体用于：
    在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    在预设第一时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对第一次初传的所述第一数据的确认帧时，向所述网络设备再次初传所述第一数据；
    所述处理器，具体用于：
    在确定初传所述第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  28. 如权利要求26所述的终端，其特征在于，所述收发器，具体用于：
    在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向所述网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    所述处理器，具体用于：
    在从第一次初传所述第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  29. 如权利要求26所述的终端，其特征在于，还包括计数器，用于对重传所述第一数据的次数进行计数；
    所述收发器，具体用于：
    在免授权模式下通过所述免授权资源向所述网络设备第一次初传所述第一数据；
    在预设第二时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，向所述网络设备重传所述第一数据；
    在所述计数器的值累加至预设的重传次数阈值、预设第三时长内未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，再次初传所述第一数据；
    所述处理器，具体用于：
    在确定初传所述第一数据的次数达到预设的初传次数阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    或者，
    在确定从第一次初传所述第一数据开始，所经过的时长到达预设的时长阈值、且未收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  30. 如权利要求26所述的终端，其特征在于，所述收发器，还用于：
    接收所述网络设备发送的确认帧；
    所述处理器，具体用于：
    获取所述确认帧中包括用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的第一指示信息，根据所述第一指示信息，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    或者
    在确定所述确认帧所使用的资源为预设的多个指示资源中的一个时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式；其中，所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个为用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式的资源。
  31. 如权利要求26所述的终端，其特征在于，所述收发器，还用于：
    接收所述网络设备发送的第二指示信息；其中，所述第二指示信息中包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
    所述处理器，具体用于：
    在确定所述待切换免授权资源的标识为所述终端发送所述第一数据所使用的资源的资源标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理器，还用于：
    在需从免授权模式切换至授权模式之前，确定未接收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述第一数据的确认帧。
  33. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器，用于确定需将处于免授权模式的终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    收发器，用于向所述终端发送指示信息，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的网络设备，其特征在于，还包括收发器，用于：
    在向所述终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的所述终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
    在通过所述处理器对所述数据译码成功时，向所述终端发送针对所述数据的确认帧；其中，所述确认帧中包括所述指示信息。
  35. 如权利要求33所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述指示信息为预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识；所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识用于指示终端从免授权模式切换至授权模式；
    所述收发器，用于：
    在向所述终端发送指示信息之前，接收处于免授权模式的所述终端通过免授权资源发送的数据；
    在通过所述处理器对所述数据译码成功时，通过所述多个指示资源中的资源，向所述终端发送针对所述数据的确认帧；
    其中，所述确认帧用于使所述终端在确定所述确认帧所使用的资源的标识为所述预设的多个指示资源中的任一个资源的标识时，确定需从免授权模式切换至授权模式。
  36. 如权利要求33所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述指示信息包括待切换免授权资源的标识；
    所述处理器，还用于：
    从预设的免授权资源中确定出所述待切换免授权资源的标识；
    其中，所述终端为使用所述待切换免授权资源发送所述邻近数据、且未接收到所述网络设备返回的针对所述邻近数据的确认帧的终端；或者，所述终端为使用所述待切换免授权资源发送邻近数据的终端；
    其中，所述邻近数据为所述待切换终端接收到所述指示信息之前最邻近的一次通过免授权资源向所述网络设备发送的数据。
  37. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令在被计算机调用时，使所述计算机执行如权利要求1至14任一权利要求所述的方法。
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