WO2018006563A1 - Solution d'électrolyte non aqueux pour batterie lithium-ion, et batterie lithium-ion - Google Patents

Solution d'électrolyte non aqueux pour batterie lithium-ion, et batterie lithium-ion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018006563A1
WO2018006563A1 PCT/CN2016/113008 CN2016113008W WO2018006563A1 WO 2018006563 A1 WO2018006563 A1 WO 2018006563A1 CN 2016113008 W CN2016113008 W CN 2016113008W WO 2018006563 A1 WO2018006563 A1 WO 2018006563A1
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Prior art keywords
ion battery
lithium ion
sulfone compound
compound
lithium
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PCT/CN2016/113008
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林木崇
石桥
曾长安
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深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018006563A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018006563A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of lithium ion battery electrolytes, and in particular to a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
  • lithium-ion batteries Compared with other batteries, lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of light weight, small size, high operating voltage, high energy density, high output power, high charging efficiency, no memory effect and long cycle life. Used in the 3C consumer electronics market. And with the development of new energy vehicles, non-aqueous electrolyte lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more popular as power supply systems for automobiles. With the continuous improvement of the cruising range requirements of new energy vehicles, the high energy density of power lithium-ion batteries is increasingly required.
  • the ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese cathode material has become a research hotspot of new energy power battery cathode materials due to its high energy density, low cost, excellent performance and relatively good safety, and with the continuous energy density of power batteries. Improvement, ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese material power battery is moving toward high voltage.
  • the ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese material has the disadvantage of insufficient high-temperature performance as a positive electrode material.
  • the nickel element has a strong catalytic effect on the electrolyte, which catalyzes the decomposition of the electrolyte, thereby reducing the discharge capacity.
  • the accumulation of decomposition products leads to a significant increase in internal resistance; this condition becomes particularly severe under conditions of high voltage, high temperature and high nickel content, which greatly deteriorates battery performance and hinders high voltage ternary nickel cobalt manganese.
  • Material batteries are put to practical use in the field of power batteries.
  • the electrolyte is a key factor affecting the overall performance of the battery.
  • the additives in the electrolyte are particularly important for the performance of the battery. Therefore, in order to give full play to the performance of the power battery of the ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese material, the matching of the electrolyte is the key.
  • the currently practical lithium ion battery electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte added with a conventional film-forming additive such as vinylene carbonate (abbreviation VC) or fluoroethylene carbonate (abbreviated as FEC), and the battery is excellent by the addition of VC and FEC. Cyclic performance.
  • VC vinylene carbonate
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • Patent application No. 201410534841.0 discloses a novel film-forming additive for a phosphate compound containing a triple bond, which not only improves high temperature cycle performance, but also significantly improves storage performance.
  • Sulfone compounds have also been reported very early in the literature (Journal of Power Sources 179 (2008) 770–779), mainly to improve the stability of high-voltage batteries and improve cycle performance.
  • the scientific and technological workers in the field found that the passivation film formed by the three-bond phosphate ester additive at the electrode interface is poor in conductivity, resulting in a large interface impedance, which significantly degrades the low temperature performance, and is particularly likely to cause the battery to be at a low temperature.
  • Lithium-deposited lithium is used to suppress the application of non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries under low temperature conditions.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a new lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
  • An aspect of the present application discloses a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte comprising unsaturated phosphate esters and a sulfone compound, and the sulfone compound includes a cyclic sulfone compound and/or a linear sulfone compound;
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound has the structure shown in Formula 1,
  • R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a double bond or a hydrazone bond;
  • the cyclic sulfone compound has a structure represented by Formula 2
  • the linear sulfone compound has a structure represented by Formula 3
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and A is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the functional group substituted may be a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • the sulfone compound may be a cyclic sulfone compound or a linear sulfone compound, or may be used in combination.
  • the application of the sulfone compound to the electrolyte solution is not proposed in the present application.
  • the present application has been extensively studied and tested to find that the sulfone compound and the above unsaturated phosphate compound can be used together to obtain a better one.
  • the present application is made by high and low temperature performance and cycle performance. It is to be understood that the present application is based on the patent application No. 201410534841 and the priority of the patent application No. 201510397735.7, the related technical content and terminology of the above two patent applications are applicable to the present application.
  • the key to the present application is to use a sulfone compound in combination with the above unsaturated phosphate compound.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound of the present application is at least one selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the structural formula shown in Table 1, that is, the unsaturated phosphate compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of Compound 1 to Compound 6.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound shown in Formula 1, or the unsaturated phosphate compound of Compound 1 to Compound 6, is a preferred technical solution of the present application, and does not exclude other compounds having similar physical and chemical properties. Saturated phosphate compounds.
  • the cyclic sulfone compound is at least one of the structural compounds represented by Formula 4 and/or Formula 5,
  • R8 to R16 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the sulfone compound is selected from the group consisting of sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorosulfolane, cyclopentanesulfone, dimethylsulfone, methylethylsulfone and diethylsulfone. At least one.
  • sulfone compound represented by the formula II to formula V or the specifically defined sulfone compound, is a preferred technical solution of the present application, and other sulfone compounds having similar physical and chemical properties are not excluded.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound occupies the non-aqueous battery of the lithium ion battery. 0.1% to 2% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound accounts for 0.2% to 1% of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
  • the sulfone compound accounts for 0.1% to 30% of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
  • the sulfone compound accounts for 0.1% to 10% of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
  • the sulfone compound accounts for 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte.
  • the sulfone compound accounts for 1 to 10% of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
  • the film forming effect of the positive and negative electrodes is poor, and the effect of improving the performance is not obtained; and when the amount thereof is too high, When it is more than 2%, the film thickness at the electrode interface is increased, the battery resistance is increased, and the battery performance is deteriorated.
  • the sulfone compound when the content of the sulfone compound is less than 0.1%, the sulfone compound cannot function effectively; when the content of the sulfone compound is more than 10%, in fact, within a certain range, for example, 30% or less, the comparison can still be exhibited. Good performance. When the content of the sulfone compound is more than 30%, the viscosity of the electrolyte is excessively large, and the film formation at the electrode interface is thick, the battery impedance is increased, and the battery performance is deteriorated.
  • the key of the present application is to use an unsaturated phosphate compound in combination with a sulfone compound to improve high and low temperature performance and cycle performance; it can be understood that the change in the amount of the two will inevitably directly affect the performance of the electrolyte. Thereby affecting the high and low temperature performance and cycle performance of the battery. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment of the present application, the amount of both is particularly limited in order to secure the performance of the electrolyte and the battery.
  • the configured non-aqueous electrolyte has good high-low temperature performance and cycle performance; if it exceeds the range, its corresponding performance is inevitably affected, but for some requirements relatively Low or lower usage requirements can also improve the high and low temperature performance or cycle performance of the battery to some extent.
  • the weight ratio of the sulfone compound to the unsaturated phosphate compound is greater than or equal to 0.2.
  • the content of the unsaturated phosphate compound is high and the content of the sulfone compound is low, the low temperature performance is remarkably insufficient.
  • the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and methyl propyl carbonate. At least one.
  • the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and difluorosulfonate. At least one of the lithium imide salts.
  • the other side of the application discloses a lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution, wherein the electrolyte solution is the lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present application.
  • the charge cutoff voltage of the lithium ion battery of the present application is greater than or equal to 4.35V.
  • the positive electrode is selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiCo1-yMyO2, At least one of LiNi1-yMyO2, LiMn2-yMyO4, and LiNixCoyMnzM1-xy-zO2; wherein, M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, Sr At least one of V and Ti, and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, x + y + z ⁇ 1.
  • non-aqueous electrolyte of the present application has been developed for a lithium ion battery, and thus can be applied to various lithium ion batteries including, but not limited to, the types listed in the present application.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound and the sulfone compound are combined and added to the electrolyte to form a protective film having a uniform composition, a moderate thickness, and a good density at the electrode interface;
  • the use of the electrolyte can make the electrolyte have good stability on the positive electrode, so that the battery obtains excellent high temperature performance and cycle performance, and can maintain the battery with low impedance and excellent low temperature performance of the battery.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present application lays a foundation for preparing a high-quality power battery.
  • the key point of the present application is that the unsaturated phosphate compound represented by Formula 1 and the sulfone compound are combined and added to the non-aqueous electrolyte to keep the battery low while not affecting high temperature performance and cycle performance.
  • the internal resistance gives the battery excellent low temperature performance.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound represented by Formula 1 can form a stable passivation film on the surface of the negative electrode, and can prevent the reductive decomposition of the electrolyte to a large extent.
  • the unsaturated phosphate compound can also form a protective film on the surface of the positive electrode, which can further prevent the electrolyte from being oxidatively decomposed on the surface of the positive electrode and suppress the elution of the positive metal ion, especially when the charging voltage is equal to or greater than 4.35V.
  • the effect is more obvious, and the high-temperature performance and cycle performance of the lithium battery can be significantly improved, but the addition of the unsaturated-phosphate compound also causes an increase in internal resistance, thereby deteriorating the low-temperature performance.
  • the present application adds a sulfone compound to the unsaturated phosphate compound shown in Formula One. Since the oxidation potential of the sulfone compound is low, a protective film having a small thickness, a uniform composition, and a good density can be formed on the positive electrode. The denseness of the protective film can effectively improve the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte in the positive electrode, prevent the dissolution of the positive electrode metal ions; the thickness of the protective film and the uniformity of the composition can effectively reduce the impedance; and the reduction of the impedance can make the battery obtain an excellent low temperature. performance.
  • the unsaturated phosphate ester compound can form a uniform dense passivation film on the positive electrode, so that the electrolyte has good stability, so that the battery has excellent high temperature performance and cycle performance.
  • the sulfone compound can also be formed on the electrode, and the resulting film composition is uniform and dense, so that the battery has a lower impedance, so that the battery has excellent low temperature performance.
  • the amount of the monounsaturated phosphate compound and the sulfone compound is limited in the present application.
  • the sulfone compound accounts for 0.5% to 30% of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, preferably 1 to 10% of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, which is to obtain more in the electrolyte. High chemical stability and full performance of the electrolyte.
  • a cyclic sulfone compound and a chain sulfone compound are simultaneously added, and the two synergistically react, and the content of the cyclic sulfone compound is 1-3 of the total weight of the electrolyte. %, the content of the chain sulfone compound is 1-2% of the total weight of the electrolyte, and the synergistic effect of the two is that the thickness of the protective film formed on the positive electrode is relatively uniform, and the compactness is good, the impedance can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the battery is improved.
  • the preparation method of the lithium ion battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode preparation step, a negative electrode preparation step, an electrolyte preparation step, a separator preparation step, and a battery assembly step. details as follows:
  • the positive electrode preparation step is: mixing the positive active material LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, the conductive carbon black and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride according to the mass ratio of 96.8:2.0:1.2, and dispersing in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode slurry is obtained, and the positive electrode slurry is uniformly coated on both sides of the aluminum foil, dried, calendered and vacuum dried, and the aluminum lead wire is welded by an ultrasonic welding machine to obtain a positive electrode plate, and the thickness of the electrode plate is 120- Between 150 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation step of the negative electrode is: mixing graphite, conductive carbon black, binder styrene butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 96:1:1.2:1.8, dispersing in deionized water to obtain a negative electrode slurry, and the negative electrode slurry
  • the material is coated on both sides of the copper foil, dried, calendered and vacuum dried, and the nickel lead wire is welded by an ultrasonic welder to obtain a negative electrode plate having a thickness of 120-150 ⁇ m.
  • the separator preparation step is as follows: a three-layer separator of polypropylene, polyethylene and polypropylene is used, and the thickness is 20 ⁇ m.
  • the battery assembly step is: placing a three-layer separator having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and then winding the sandwich structure composed of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the separator, and then squashing the wound body and placing it
  • the lead wires of the positive and negative electrodes are respectively welded to the corresponding positions of the cover plate, and the cover plate and the metal shell are welded together by a laser welding machine to obtain the battery core to be injected;
  • the electrolyte is injected into the cell through the injection hole, and the amount of the electrolyte is required to fill the gap in the cell.
  • the lithium ion battery prepared in this example was tested as follows:
  • the 300th cycle capacity retention ratio (%) (300th cycle discharge capacity / first cycle discharge capacity) ⁇ 100%.
  • 500th cycle capacity retention rate (%) (500th cycle discharge capacity / first cycle discharge capacity) ⁇ 100%;
  • High-temperature storage performance The battery after the formation is charged to 4.35V at a normal temperature with a constant current of 1C, and the initial discharge capacity of the battery is measured, and then stored at 60 ° C for 30 days, discharged at 1 C to 3.0 V, and the battery is measured. Maintain capacity and recover capacity. Calculated as follows:
  • Battery capacity retention rate (%) retention capacity / initial capacity ⁇ 100%;
  • Battery capacity recovery rate (%) recovery capacity / initial capacity ⁇ 100%.
  • the low temperature discharge efficiency value of -20 ° C 1 C discharge capacity (-20 ° C) / 1 C discharge capacity (25 ° C).
  • Charge DCIR value slope value of a linear plot of different charge currents and corresponding cutoff voltages.
  • Discharge DCIR value slope value of a linear plot of different discharge currents and corresponding cutoff voltages.
  • Example 2 the same procedures as in Example 1 were carried out except for the specific compounds of the sulfone compound and the unsaturated phosphate compound, and the amounts thereof.
  • the specific compounds of the respective examples, and the amounts thereof are shown in Table 2, wherein the amounts are calculated as a percentage of the total weight of each of the nonionic electrolytes of the lithium ion battery.
  • the present application also designed six comparative examples, namely, Comparative Examples 1-6.
  • the six comparative examples are only different from the specific compounds and amounts added in the first embodiment or other examples, and the others are different. The same as in the first embodiment.
  • the specific compounds of the respective comparative examples, and the amounts thereof are shown in Table 2, and the amounts thereof are calculated as a percentage of the added matter to the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
  • Example 1 0.1 0.5
  • Example 2 0.5 1
  • Example 3 1 5
  • Example 4 1 10
  • Example 5 1 30
  • Example 6 2
  • Example 7 0.5
  • Example 8 1 5
  • Example 9 1 10
  • Example 10 1 5
  • Example 11 1
  • Example 12 1 5 5
  • Example 13 1 5 5
  • Example 14 0.1 0.5 Example 15 0.5 1
  • Example 16 1 5 Example 17 1 10
  • Example 19 10
  • Example 20 2
  • Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
  • Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4
  • Comparative example 5 Comparative example 6 1
  • the blank indicates that the corresponding substance or the comparative example was not added, and the tripropargyl phosphate was the compound 1 in Table 1, and the diallylethyl phosphate was the compound 4 in Table 1.
  • the present application combines an unsaturated phosphate compound and a sulfone compound, and at a suitable ratio, the battery can obtain excellent high temperature performance and cycle performance as well as good low temperature performance.
  • the amount of the phosphate ester is 0.1% to 2%, and the amount of the sulfone compound is 0.1% to 30%, which can improve the high-temperature performance and the cycle performance; and the amount of the unsaturated phosphate is 0.2% to 1%, and the sulfone compound
  • the dosage is 1 to 10%, the effect is better.

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une solution d'électrolyte non aqueux pour batterie au lithium-ion, et une batterie au lithium-ion. La solution électrolytique non aqueuse pour batterie lithium-ion comprend un composé phosphate insaturé et un composé sulfone. Le composé sulfone comprend un composé sulfone cyclique et/ou un composé sulfone à chaîne droite. Le composé de phosphate insaturé a une structure telle que représentée par la formule I le composé de sulfone cyclique a une structure telle que représentée par la formule II. Le composé sulfone à chaîne droite a une structure telle que représentée par la formule III. Selon la solution électrolytique non aqueuse, un composé phosphate insaturé et un composé sulfone sont tous deux ajoutés à la solution électrolytique, de manière à former un film protecteur qui est même en composants, approprié en épaisseur, et qui présente une densité élevée sur l'interface d'électrode; la combinaison des deux composés permet à la solution électrolytique d'avoir une stabilité plus élevée au niveau de l'électrode positive, et apporte une excellente performance à haute température et une excellente performance de cyclage à la batterie; de plus, la combinaison des deux composés permet à la batterie de maintenir une faible impédance, de façon à obtenir une excellente performance à basse température. La solution électrolytique dépose la base pour la préparation d'une batterie d'alimentation de haute qualité.
PCT/CN2016/113008 2015-07-08 2016-12-29 Solution d'électrolyte non aqueux pour batterie lithium-ion, et batterie lithium-ion WO2018006563A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CN201510397735.7A CN105140561A (zh) 2015-07-08 2015-07-08 一种锂离子电池非水电解液及锂离子电池
CN201610538401.1A CN106340672A (zh) 2015-07-08 2016-07-08 一种锂离子电池非水电解液及锂离子电池
CN201610538401.1 2016-07-08

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