WO2017147942A1 - 一种纺织品活性染料染浴及染色方法 - Google Patents

一种纺织品活性染料染浴及染色方法 Download PDF

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WO2017147942A1
WO2017147942A1 PCT/CN2016/075832 CN2016075832W WO2017147942A1 WO 2017147942 A1 WO2017147942 A1 WO 2017147942A1 CN 2016075832 W CN2016075832 W CN 2016075832W WO 2017147942 A1 WO2017147942 A1 WO 2017147942A1
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dyeing
textile
dye
surfactant
organic solvent
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PCT/CN2016/075832
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English (en)
French (fr)
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葛仪文
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香港纺织及成衣研发中心有限公司
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Priority to US16/078,649 priority Critical patent/US10604891B2/en
Priority to EP16892133.6A priority patent/EP3441520A4/en
Publication of WO2017147942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017147942A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/0032—Determining dye recipes and dyeing parameters; Colour matching or monitoring
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/60—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing polyethers
    • D06P1/613—Polyethers without nitrogen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/60—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing polyethers
    • D06P1/613—Polyethers without nitrogen
    • D06P1/6138—Polymerisation products of glycols, e.g. Carbowax, Pluronics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
    • D06P1/651—Compounds without nitrogen
    • D06P1/65106—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • D06P1/65118—Compounds containing hydroxyl groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/90—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof
    • D06P1/92—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in organic solvents or aqueous emulsions thereof in organic solvents
    • D06P1/928—Solvents other than hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/14—Wool
    • D06P3/148—Wool using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
    • D06P3/248—Polyamides; Polyurethanes using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
    • D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
    • D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes
    • D06P3/666—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes reactive group not directly attached to heterocyclic group
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/002—Locally enhancing dye affinity of a textile material by chemical means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/02—After-treatment
    • D06P5/10—After-treatment with compounds containing metal

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of textile dyeing and finishing, relates to a solvent assisting method for textiles, and more particularly to a textile reactive dye bath, and a dyeing method using the reactive dye bath.
  • This method of replacing a part of an aqueous medium with an organic solvent for reactive dyeing is mainly based on the use of reverse micelle theory.
  • the reverse micelles are nano-sized spherical aggregates that spontaneously aggregate under certain conditions by a specific proportion of water, oil and surfactant.
  • the interior of the reverse gum has a stable aqueous microenvironment, the so-called pool.
  • some hydrophilic substances such as enzymes
  • hydrophilic dyes such as reactive dyes
  • Textiles in this dyeing system can achieve similar dyeing effects in the full water bath dyeing system.
  • the textile was pretreated with a cationic modifier followed by solvent-assisted dyeing of the reactive dye.
  • This method can significantly improve the dyeing properties of textiles and improve the utilization of dyes.
  • due to the treatment of textiles with cationic modifiers it is still necessary to use water as a medium, which will discharge a large amount of wastewater; some cationic modifiers have high cost and may have adverse effects on the environment; if the cationic modification process is improper, The modifier does not penetrate deep into the fiber, and it also causes the phenomenon of textile ring dyeing, which affects the color vividness and color fastness of the textile.
  • the present invention provides a textile dye dye bath and dyeing process with low water consumption.
  • a textile reactive dye dye bath comprising a dye liquor composed of an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant, and a co-surfactant.
  • the organic solvent is a non-polar organic solvent which is hydrophobic and can form an immiscible emulsion with water;
  • the types of the organic solvent include: C6-C8 alkane, C6-C8 different Alkanes, perchloroethylene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dibutyl acetal (eg Solvon K4), glycol ethers, high flash point hydrocarbons.
  • the aqueous dye solution is an aqueous solution formed by DyStar Levafix CA series reactive dye in water, and the mass ratio of reactive dye to water is 1:10-200; The volume ratio of the organic solvent is 1:1-20.
  • the surfactant is a nonionic or cationic surfactant; and the volume ratio of the surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5-20.
  • the co-surfactant is an alcohol substance capable of changing the surface activity and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the surfactant;
  • the types of the co-surfactant include: ethanol, N-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, fusel oil;
  • the volume ratio of the co-surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5-20.
  • the invention also provides a dyeing method for textiles, comprising the following steps:
  • dyeing dyeing the textile in a dye bath composed of dyeing liquid, the bath ratio is 1:5-50, the dyeing time is 10-60 minutes, and the dyeing temperature is 40-80 ° C;
  • fixing color remove the textile from the dye bath and squeeze the dyeing solution to a liquid ratio of 50%-150%, add a predetermined amount of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing bath, stir and mix until uniform, and immerse the textile again.
  • Fixing color in the dyeing bath of the fixing agent fixing time is 15-90 minutes, fixing temperature is 40-80 ° C;
  • the fixing agent aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate, and the mass ratio of the fixing agent to water is 1:5-100;
  • the volume ratio of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing solution is 1:1-20.
  • the method further includes:
  • the textile is a bulk fiber, a yarn and a fabric composed of at least one of a cellulose fiber, a protein fiber, and a chemical synthetic fiber
  • the cellulose fiber includes cotton, hemp, Regenerated cellulose fibers comprising wool, silk, and regenerated protein fibers
  • the chemical synthetic fibers include nylon 6, nylon 66.
  • the textile contains at least one reactive group of a hydroxyl group, an amino group and a carboxyl group, and the textile can be directly dyed without special pretreatment. color.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention can fully dye the dye under the condition of no salt-adding and dyeing without special pretreatment, so as to obtain higher dyeing depth, uniformity and fastness. Dyed textiles.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method of dyeing a textile of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a textile reactive dye dyebath comprising a dye liquor composed of an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant.
  • Applicable textiles include cellulose fibers (such as cotton, hemp, regenerated cellulose fibers, etc.), protein fibers (such as wool, silk, regenerated protein fibers, etc.) and chemical synthetic fibers (such as nylon 6, nylon 66, etc.).
  • the organic solvent used in the present invention is a nonpolar organic solvent which is hydrophobic and can form an immiscible emulsion with water;
  • the types of the organic solvent include: C6-C8 alkane, C6-C8 isoalkane, perchlorine Ethylene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dibutyl acetal (eg Solvon K4), glycol ethers, high flash point hydrocarbons.
  • the aqueous dye solution used in the present invention is an aqueous solution formed by DyStar Levafix CA series reactive dye in water, and the mass ratio of reactive dye to water is 1:10-200; aqueous dye solution and organic The volume ratio of the solvent is 1:1-20.
  • the aqueous dye solution forms an emulsion with an organic solvent, and is formed by dispersing an aqueous solution of the reactive dye in an organic solvent medium.
  • a predetermined amount of the aqueous solution of the reactive dye is added to the organic solvent, and the active dye aqueous solution is stably dispersed in the organic solvent to form an emulsion, that is, a dyeing solution, by the action of the surfactant and the co-surfactant.
  • the surfactant used is a nonionic or cationic surfactant, for example, a polyethylene glycol type surfactant; and a volume ratio of the surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5-20.
  • the co-surfactant used in the present invention is an alcohol substance capable of changing the surface activity and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the surfactant;
  • the types of the co-surfactant include: ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropyl Alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, fusel oil; co-surfactant and organic solvent The volume ratio is 1:5-20.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the dyeing method of the textile of the present invention, showing the use of the textile reactive dye bath of the present invention.
  • the specific implementation is as follows.
  • Dyeing 10g knitted cotton semi-bleaching cloth is immersed in the dyeing bath for dyeing.
  • the bath ratio (the ratio of the mass of the dyed material to the volume of the dyeing liquid, the same below) is 1:15.
  • the dyeing cup is placed in the oscillating water bath.
  • the dyeing time is 30 minutes, and the dyeing temperature is 60 ° C;
  • Fixing remove the textile from the dyeing bath and squeeze the dyeing solution to 100%. Add a predetermined amount of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing bath, mix and mix until uniform, form an emulsion, and immerse the textile again. Fixing the dyeing bath in the fixing agent, placing the dyeing cup in a shaking water bath, fixing time is 60 minutes, fixing temperature is 60 ° C; fixing agent aqueous solution is sodium carbonate aqueous solution, fixing agent and water The mass ratio is 1:20; the volume ratio of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing solution is 1:10.
  • Table 1 lists the test results of the color depth (K/S value) and the color fastness of the fabric under the two process conditions, showing that the solvent-assisted cotton fabric has the same color fastness as the pure water bath dyed cotton fabric. Under conditions, there is a higher cloth color depth.
  • Test items Dyeing dyed cotton fabric in the invention Solvent-assisted cotton fabric K/S value 255 429 Dry rubbing fastness 4.5 4.5 Color fastness to wet rubbing 2.5 2.0 Wash fastness 4.5 4.5 Color fastness to perspiration 4.5 4.5 Color fastness to sunlight 4.5 4
  • dyeing 10g wool woven fabric dipped in the dye bath, the bath ratio is 1:5, after sealing, The dyeing cup was placed in a shaking water bath, the dyeing time was 60 minutes, and the dyeing temperature was 40 ° C;
  • Fixing remove the textile from the dyeing bath and squeeze the dyeing solution to a liquid carrying rate of 150%. Add a predetermined amount of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing bath, mix and mix until uniform, form an emulsion, and immerse the textile again.
  • the coloring agent is fixed in the dyeing bath, and the dyeing cup is placed in a shaking water bath.
  • the fixing time is 15 minutes, the fixing temperature is 80 ° C; the fixing agent aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, the fixing agent and The water mass ratio is 1:5; the volume ratio of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing solution is 1:20.
  • dyeing 10g nylon dipped in the dye bath, the bath ratio is 1:50, after sealing, the dyeing cup is placed in a shaking water bath, the dyeing time is 10 minutes, the dyeing temperature is 80 ° C;
  • Fixing remove the textile from the dyeing bath and squeeze the dyeing solution to a liquid carrying rate of 50%. Add a predetermined amount of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing bath, mix and mix until uniform, form an emulsion, and immerse the textile again. Fixing the dyeing bath in the fixing agent, placing the dyeing cup in the oscillating water bath, fixing time is 90 minutes, fixing temperature is 40 °C; fixing agent aqueous solution is sodium carbonate aqueous solution, fixing agent and water The mass ratio is 1:100; the volume ratio of the fixing agent aqueous solution to the dyeing solution is 1:1.
  • Solvent recovery The organic solvent in the dye liquor is recovered by membrane filtration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种纺织品活性染料染浴及染色方法。该纺织品活性染料染浴的染液包括有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂。本发明的活性染料染浴或者染色方法，在纺织品无需经过特殊的预处理，在实现无加盐促染的条件下，让染料充分上染，以得到更高染色深度、均匀度及牢度的染色纺织品。

Description

一种纺织品活性染料染浴及染色方法 技术领域
本发明属于纺织染整技术领域，涉及纺织品的溶剂助染方法，更具体的说，涉及一种纺织品活性染料染浴、以及使用该活性染料染浴的染色方法。
背景技术
传统的纺织品活性染料染色工艺，通常都以水为媒介。除了由于活性染料的水解而产生的浪费问题，高耗水量及含有染料和各种助剂的高污染性废水的排放，对环境产生的影响都日益严重。特别近些年，随着人们对环保问题愈趋重视，纺织业界工作者也愈致力于环保节水的染整新工艺的开发。在这种背景下，活性染料的溶剂助染工艺得到了进一步的发展。
用有机溶剂来代替水作为纺织品染色及整理媒介的议题，已经被纺织工作者研究了几十年。有机溶剂的易分离回收的特性，可以有效减少污染性废水的排放。特别近几年，一些文献中都报道了用低毒性或无毒性的有机溶剂来代替水，作为活性染料的主要染色介质，在得到与传统水浴染色相近的染色深度的条件下，可以大大减少染色过程中的耗水量，且无需加盐促染及可以使用较低的温度完成染色；染色完成后，大部分有机溶剂被回收再利用，不会直接排放到环境中。可以说，这是一种非常节能环保的染色工艺方法。
这种用有机溶剂代替部分水介质来进行活性染料染色的方法(即溶剂助染方法)，其主要原理是利用了反胶束理论。反胶束是纳米级的球状聚集体，在一定的条件下由特定比例的水、油和表面活性剂自发聚集而成。反束胶的内部有一个稳定的含水微环境，即所谓的水池。在一定条件下，一些亲水性物质(例如酶)能被水池溶解而不失活性。同样的，亲水性的染料，例如活性染料，也可以在反束胶的水池中溶解，形成一个由有机溶剂为主要媒介的反胶束活性染料染色***。纺织品在此染色***中，可以达到和在全水浴染色***中相近的染色效果。
但染色机理所致，活性染料常常要在碱性条件下进行固色反应，才能达到良好的染色牢度。一些研究活性染料溶剂助染工艺方法的文献中，提到了采用预先浸轧碳酸钠水溶液、再将含有碳酸钠的纺织品放入反胶束活性染料染色***中进行染色的方法。此方法虽然可以一步完成染色和固色两个步骤，但由于活性染料在碱性水环境下的水解，仍旧会造成匀染性的降低、固色率的下降及染料的浪费等问题。
另一些研究中，用阳离子改性剂对纺织品进行预处理后，再进行活性染料的溶剂助染染色。这种方法可以显著改善纺织品的染色性能，提高染料的利用率。但由于用阳离子改性剂处理纺织品，仍旧需要以水为介质，会排放大量的废水；一些阳离子改性剂的成本较高，且可能对环境有不良影响；若阳离子改性工处理工艺不当，改性剂没有深入到纤维内部，还会造成纺织品环染的现象，影响纺织品的颜色鲜艳度和色牢度。
因此，在保证染色深度、均匀度、色牢度的前提下，如何尽量降低溶剂助染过程中活性染料的水解浪费，避免耗水且对环境有潜在负面影响的特殊前处理，成为溶剂助染工艺需要解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种低耗水量的纺织品活性染料染浴及染色工艺。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案为：一种纺织品活性染料染浴，包括由有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂组成的染液。
在本发明提供的纺织品活性染料染浴中，有机溶剂为具有疏水性并且可以与水形成不可互溶的乳液的非极性有机溶剂；该有机溶剂的种类包括：C6-C8烷烃、C6-C8异烷烃、全氯乙烯、十甲基环戊硅氧烷(D5)、二丁基缩醛(例如Solvon K4)、乙二醇醚、高闪点烃。
在本发明提供的纺织品活性染料染浴中，所述染料水溶液为德司达Levafix CA系列活性染料在水中形成的水溶液，活性染料与水的质量比为1:10-200；所述染料水溶液与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:1-20。
在本发明提供的纺织品活性染料染浴中，所述表面活性剂为非离子或阳离子型表面活性剂；所述表面活性剂与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:5-20。
在本发明提供的纺织品活性染料染浴中，所述助表面活性剂为能改变表面活性剂的表面活性及亲水亲油平衡性的醇类物质；该助表面活性剂的种类包括：乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、杂醇油；所述助表面活性剂与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:5-20。
本发明还提供一种纺织品的染色方法，包括如下步骤：
S100、配制染液：将有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂混合均匀，得到染液；
S200、染色：将纺织品浸入染液组成的染浴中染色，浴比为1:5-50，染色时间为10-60分钟，染色温度为40-80℃；
S300、固色：将纺织品从染浴中取出并挤干染液至带液率为50％-150％，将预定量的固色剂水溶液加入染浴中搅拌混合至均匀，将纺织品再次浸入加了固色剂的染浴中固色，固色时间为15-90分钟，固色温度为40-80℃；
S400、晾干：取出纺织品，挤干染液，洗去浮色，悬挂晾干。
在本发明提供的纺织品的染色方法中，所述步骤S300中，所述固色剂水溶液是碳酸钠或者碳酸氢钠的水溶液，固色剂与水的质量比为1:5-100；所述固色剂水溶液与染液的体积比为1:1-20。
在本发明提供的纺织品的染色方法中，所述步骤S400之后还包括：
S500、溶剂回收：将染液中的有机溶剂回收，使用的方法包括通过蒸馏法、薄膜过滤法、离心分离法。
在本发明提供的纺织品的染色方法中，所述纺织品为纤维素纤维、蛋白质纤维、化学合成纤维中的至少一种组成的散纤维、纱线及织物，所述纤维素纤维包括棉、麻、再生纤维素纤维，所述蛋白质纤维包括羊毛、蚕丝、再生蛋白质纤维，所述化学合成纤维包括锦纶6、锦纶66。
在本发明提供的纺织品的染色方法中，所述纺织品含有羟基、氨基、羧基中的至少一种活性基团，该纺织品无需经过特殊的预处理，可直接进行染 色。
实施本发明，具有如下有益效果：本发明在纺织品无需经过特殊的预处理，在实现无加盐促染的条件下，让染料充分上染，以得到更高染色深度、均匀度及牢度的染色纺织品。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明中纺织品的染色方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
本发明提供一种纺织品活性染料染浴，包括由有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂组成的染液。可适用的纺织品包括由纤维素纤维(例如棉、麻、再生纤维素纤维等)、蛋白质纤维(例如羊毛、蚕丝、再生蛋白质纤维等)及化学合成纤维(例如锦纶6、锦纶66等)等含有活性羟基(-OH)、氨基(-NH2)、羧基(-OOH)等基团的纤维组成的散纤维、纱线及织物。纺织品无需经过特殊的预处理，上染过程中也无需额外加入无机盐进行促染，可直接进行染色。
优选的，本发明中使用的有机溶剂为具有疏水性并且可以与水形成不可互溶的乳液的非极性有机溶剂；该有机溶剂的种类包括：C6-C8烷烃、C6-C8异烷烃、全氯乙烯、十甲基环戊硅氧烷(D5)、二丁基缩醛(例如Solvon K4)、乙二醇醚、高闪点烃。
优选的，本发明中使用的染料水溶液为德司达Levafix CA系列活性染料在水中形成的水溶液，活性染料与水的质量比为1:10-200；染料水溶液与有机 溶剂的体积比为1:1-20。染料水溶液与有机溶剂形成乳液，是将活性染料的水溶液分散在有机溶剂介质中而形成。将预定量的活性染料水溶液加入有机溶剂中，通过表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的共同作用，活性染料水溶液稳定的分散在有机溶剂中形成乳液，即染液。优选的，使用的表面活性剂为非离子或阳离子型表面活性剂，例如，采用聚乙二醇型表面活性剂；表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:5-20。
优选的，本发明中使用的助表面活性剂为能改变表面活性剂的表面活性及亲水亲油平衡性的醇类物质；该助表面活性剂的种类包括：乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、杂醇油；助表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:5-20。
图1示出了本发明中纺织品的染色方法的流程，示出了本发明纺织品活性染料染浴的使用方法。具体实施例如下。
实施例1
本实施例的纺织品的染色方法，包括如下步骤：
1、配制染液：将有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂混合均匀放入染色杯，密封后剧烈搅拌至形成均匀乳液，得到染液，形成染浴；活性染料与水的质量比为1:15，染料水溶液与有机溶剂的体积比为1:10，表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:10，助表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:10；有机溶剂为Solvon K4，染料为德司达Levafix CA红染料，表面活性剂为十三烷基聚氧乙烯(12)醚，助表面活性剂为1-辛醇；
2、染色：将10g针织纯棉半漂布浸入染浴中染色，浴比(被染物质量与染液体积之比，下同)为1:15，密封后，将染色杯置于振荡水浴锅中，染色时间为30分钟，染色温度为60℃；
3、固色：将纺织品从染浴中取出并挤干染液至带液率为100％，将预定量的固色剂水溶液加入染浴中搅拌混合至均匀，形成乳液，将纺织品再次浸入加了固色剂的染浴中固色，将染色杯置于振荡水浴锅中，固色时间为60分钟，固色温度为60℃；固色剂水溶液是碳酸钠水溶液，固色剂与水的质量比为1:20；固色剂水溶液与染液的体积比为1:10。
4、晾干：取出纺织品，挤干染液，皂液中清洗洗去浮色，悬挂晾干。
5、溶剂回收：使用离心分离法将染液中的有机溶剂回收。
传统水浴染色对比试验：用150毫升1％的氯化钠水溶液代替有机溶剂，不加入表面活性剂和助表面活性剂，在其他工艺参数不变的条件下，得到纯水浴染色的棉织物样品，作为对比。目测来看，两种工艺条件下染色的棉织物，布面颜色均匀度没有明显差异。
表1列出了两种工艺条件下布面颜色深度(K/S值)和染色牢度的测试结果，显示出溶剂助染棉织物在具有与纯水浴染色棉织物相近的染色牢度的条件下，具有更高的布面颜色深度。
表格1 本发明中的染浴染色工艺和纯水浴染色工艺条件下棉织物的性能测试结果
测试项目 本发明中的染浴染色棉织物 溶剂助染棉织物
K/S值 255 429
耐干摩擦色牢度 4.5 4.5
耐湿摩擦色牢度 2.5 2.0
耐水洗色牢度 4.5 4.5
耐汗渍色牢度 4.5 4.5
耐日晒色牢度 4.5 4
实施例2
本实施例的纺织品的染色方法，包括如下步骤：
1、配制染液：将有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂混合均匀，放入染色杯密封后剧烈搅拌至形成均匀乳液，得到染液，形成染浴；活性染料与水的质量比为1:200，染料水溶液与有机溶剂的体积比为1:1，表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:5，助表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:5；有机溶剂为D5，染料为德司达Levafix CA蓝染料，表面活性剂为聚乙二醇，助表面活性剂为2-己醇；
2、染色：将10g羊毛哔叽织物浸入染浴中染色，浴比为1:5，密封后， 将染色杯置于振荡水浴锅中，染色时间为60分钟，染色温度为40℃；
3、固色：将纺织品从染浴中取出并挤干染液至带液率为150％，将预定量的固色剂水溶液加入染浴中搅拌混合至均匀，形成乳液，将纺织品再次浸入加了固色剂的染浴中固色，将染色杯置于振荡水浴锅中，固色时间为15分钟，固色温度为80℃；固色剂水溶液是碳酸氢钠的水溶液，固色剂与水的质量比为1:5；固色剂水溶液与染液的体积比为1:20。
4、晾干：取出纺织品，挤干染液，皂液中清洗洗去浮色，悬挂晾干。
5、溶剂回收：使用蒸馏法将染液中的有机溶剂回收。
传统水浴染色对比试验：用150毫升1％的氯化钠水溶液代替有机溶剂，不加入表面活性剂和助表面活性剂，在其他工艺参数不变的条件下，得到纯水浴染色的棉织物样品，作为对比。目测来看，两种工艺条件下染色的棉织物，布面颜色均匀度没有明显差异。
实施例3
本实施例的纺织品的染色方法，包括如下步骤：
1、配制染液：将有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂混合均匀，放入染色杯密封后剧烈搅拌至形成均匀乳液，得到染液，形成染浴；活性染料与水的质量比为1:10，染料水溶液与有机溶剂的体积比为1:20，表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:20，助表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积比为1:20；有机溶剂为乙二醇醚，染料为德司达Levafix CA黄染料，表面活性剂为十三烷基聚氧乙烯(12)醚，助表面活性剂为异戊醇；
2、染色：将10g锦纶浸入染浴中染色，浴比为1:50，密封后，将染色杯置于振荡水浴锅中，染色时间为10分钟，染色温度为80℃；
3、固色：将纺织品从染浴中取出并挤干染液至带液率为50％，将预定量的固色剂水溶液加入染浴中搅拌混合至均匀，形成乳液，将纺织品再次浸入加了固色剂的染浴中固色，将染色杯置于振荡水浴锅中，固色时间为90分钟，固色温度为40℃；固色剂水溶液是碳酸钠的水溶液，固色剂与水的质量比为1:100；固色剂水溶液与染液的体积比为1:1。
4、晾干：取出纺织品，挤干染液，皂液中清洗洗去浮色，悬挂晾干。
5、溶剂回收：使用薄膜过滤法将染液中的有机溶剂回收。
传统水浴染色对比试验：用150毫升1％的氯化钠水溶液代替有机溶剂，不加入表面活性剂和助表面活性剂，在其他工艺参数不变的条件下，得到纯水浴染色的棉织物样品，作为对比。目测来看，两种工艺条件下染色的棉织物，布面颜色均匀度没有明显差异。
应当理解，以上技术方案仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种纺织品活性染料染浴，其特征在于，包括由有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂组成的染液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纺织品活性染料染浴，其特征在于，有机溶剂为具有疏水性并且可以与水形成不可互溶的乳液的非极性有机溶剂；该有机溶剂的种类包括：C6-C8烷烃、C6-C8异烷烃、全氯乙烯、十甲基环戊硅氧烷、二丁基缩醛、乙二醇醚、高闪点烃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的纺织品活性染料染浴，其特征在于，所述染料水溶液为德司达Levafix CA系列活性染料在水中形成的水溶液，活性染料与水的质量比为1:10-200；所述染料水溶液与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:1-20。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的纺织品活性染料染浴，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为非离子或阳离子型表面活性剂；所述表面活性剂与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:5-20。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的纺织品活性染料染浴，其特征在于，所述助表面活性剂为能改变表面活性剂的表面活性及亲水亲油平衡性的醇类物质；该助表面活性剂的种类包括：乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、1-辛醇、2-辛醇、杂醇油；所述助表面活性剂与所述有机溶剂的体积比为1:5-20。
  6. 一种纺织品的染色方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S100、配制染液：将有机溶剂、染料水溶液、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂混合均匀，得到染液；
    S200、染色：将纺织品浸入染液组成的染浴中染色，浴比为1:5-50，染色时间为10-60分钟，染色温度为40-80℃；
    S300、固色：将纺织品从染浴中取出并挤干染液至带液率为50％-150％，将预定量的固色剂水溶液加入染浴中搅拌混合至均匀，将纺织品再次浸入加了固色剂的染浴中固色，固色时间为15-90分钟，固色温度为40-80℃；
    S400、晾干：取出纺织品，挤干染液，洗去浮色，悬挂晾干。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的纺织品的染色方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S300中，所述固色剂水溶液是碳酸钠或者碳酸氢钠的水溶液，固色剂与水的质量比为1:5-100；所述固色剂水溶液与染液的体积比为1:1-20。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的纺织品的染色方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S400之后还包括：
    S500、溶剂回收：将染液中的有机溶剂回收，使用的方法包括通过蒸馏法、薄膜过滤法、离心分离法。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的纺织品的染色方法，其特征在于，所述纺织品为纤维素纤维、蛋白质纤维、化学合成纤维中的至少一种组成的散纤维、纱线及织物，所述纤维素纤维包括棉、麻、再生纤维素纤维，所述蛋白质纤维包括羊毛、蚕丝、再生蛋白质纤维，所述化学合成纤维包括锦纶6、锦纶66。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的纺织品的染色方法，其特征在于，所述纺织品含有羟基、氨基、羧基中的至少一种活性基团，该纺织品无需经过特殊的预处理，可直接进行染色。
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