WO2017047812A1 - 物体の選別装置及びその方法 - Google Patents
物体の選別装置及びその方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017047812A1 WO2017047812A1 PCT/JP2016/077677 JP2016077677W WO2017047812A1 WO 2017047812 A1 WO2017047812 A1 WO 2017047812A1 JP 2016077677 W JP2016077677 W JP 2016077677W WO 2017047812 A1 WO2017047812 A1 WO 2017047812A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sorting
- conduit
- suction port
- unit
- airflow
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/02—Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/04—Control arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
- B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an object sorting apparatus and method, and in particular, in the recycling field, small diameters such as crushed materials disassembled after being collected for collection and pulverized and separated for each material, and elements peeled off from substrates of electronic and electrical equipment.
- the present invention relates to a sorting apparatus and a method for sorting for removal of impurities in the field of parts sorting, sorting of natural resources in the field of resources, and in the field of manufacturing and production.
- An airflow sorter using a vertical column as a sorting tank has a small area and a relatively high sorting efficiency (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 8).
- a certain column length is required.
- there is a space in the height direction it becomes more necessary and restricts the installation location (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 7).
- a suction port is provided between an input port for introducing an object to be separated into the column and an air supply port for supplying an air flow into the column.
- the airflow velocity should be uniform (equal) in a cross section orthogonal to the airflow direction (column direction). If this air flow velocity has a high or low distribution, the sorting accuracy is lowered, and this rectification measure is required.
- the size of the device is increased, it is difficult to take countermeasures in a manner compatible with the requirements of the existing device, as in the case of the braking mechanism.
- a mesh-like plate or the like is arranged in the column as a braking mechanism that causes a falling object to collide and relax the falling speed of the object.
- the size of the braking mechanism and its application position (range) are important for effective collision while considering the influence of the occupation of the flow path. That is, if the gap is widened, the probability of collision with a small sorting object decreases, while if the gap is narrowed, a large sorting object cannot pass.
- Patent Document 8 discloses that the above-described braking and rectification are provided by attaching a throttle in the column.
- the airflow speed fluctuates in conjunction with the aperture, it is not easy to install the aperture.
- the space in the throttle becomes larger, and the flow velocity distribution width in the column becomes larger even at the same flow velocity, so that both braking and rectification are complicated.
- Patent Document 7 a mechanism for providing a weak W-shaped swirling flow (W-shaped distribution) across the tube wall, the tube center, and the tube wall is provided in the column, and the wind velocity distribution in the tube cross section is smoothed and rectified. ing. Similar to the above, as the column diameter increases, the uneven amplitude of the W-shaped distribution increases as well as the convex flow velocity distribution due to the original wall friction of the column, and the effect of rectification becomes limited. End up.
- the flow passage cross-sectional area of the airflow is changed stepwise, the light objects that float at the average flow velocity of each airflow corresponding to the cross-sectional area are collected, and the light and heavy objects are selected and selected.
- a multi-stage wind sorting apparatus that sorts a mixture of types at once is disclosed.
- An obstacle (diffuser) that disperses the airflow is provided in the flow path, and the flow velocity distribution of the airflow is relaxed to obtain a uniform flow velocity.
- the effect of rectification is limited to forming the original flow velocity distribution at a short distance (upstream downstream side) from the connecting portion in which the pipes having different inner diameters are connected in series.
- a rectifying plate is generally used in which an inner wall is provided in the column in a direction parallel to the flow path to disperse the influence of wall friction inside the column.
- the effect can be enhanced by increasing the quantity.
- the column is more occupied, the installation position and quantity are limited.
- a dedicated mechanism that provides both braking and rectifying effects is provided in the vicinity of the suction port in the main column where the flow velocity should be adjusted most strictly. This is very difficult in terms of physical (spatial) design.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above.
- the object of the present invention is (1) a variety of mechanisms, structures, and configurations that are space-saving, compact, simple and relatively low cost. High accuracy for various sorting objects, (2) flexible and easy adjustment to cope with various sorting objects, and controllability, and (3) flexibility for equipment scale and high adaptability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sorting method and a sorting apparatus therefor.
- the present invention is a sorting apparatus that performs sorting of a sorting object, and has a central axis line along which a sorting object is dropped by gravity, and is provided at a lower portion of the conduit.
- An inlet for introducing the object to be sorted around the suction pipe in the conduit; and by the air from the air supply port In a sorting apparatus that performs sorting depending on whether or not the object to be sorted is sucked from the suction port together with a part or all of the airflow generated in the airflow, it is provided at the lower part of the suction port in the conduit and falls by gravity. Shield the fall path of the sorting object.
- the airflow adjuster has an inclined surface that has a vertex on the central axis and expands the cross-sectional area in a similar manner toward the lower direction, and drops by gravity. It is characterized in that the drag acting on the selection object is made larger from the suction port in the downward direction.
- the air flow adjusting body may have a rotating body shape.
- the conduit may have an inner surface inclined portion that is inclined so as to expand a horizontal cross-sectional area downward, and the air flow adjusting body is located in the inner surface inclined portion.
- the shape of the inner surface inclined portion of the conduit and the inclined surface of the air flow adjusting body may be controlled so that the flow velocity of the airflow in the inner surface inclined portion is constant in the height direction.
- pipe may have a ring part which makes the said horizontal cross-sectional area toward the downward direction in the said inner surface inclined part variable.
- the air flow adjusting body is characterized in that at least a maximum cross-sectional area portion is positioned on the inner surface inclined portion, and a cross-sectional area of the maximum cross-sectional area portion is larger than a cross-sectional area of the inner surface straight portion. Also good. Further, the air flow adjusting body may be provided with a vertical position adjusting means and move up and down in the inner inclined portion to control the drag force.
- a plurality of the suction ports may be provided so as to open in the same horizontal plane.
- a second suction port that is an opening directed downward of a second suction pipe provided in parallel to the central axis may be provided above the suction port. The flow rates at the suction port and the second suction port can be independently controlled.
- the present invention is a sorting method for sorting a sorting object, which is provided at a lower portion of the conduit having a central axis and gravity dropping the sorting object along the center axis.
- gravity is provided at the lower portion of the suction port in the conduit. Falling path of the sorting object falling The given air flow adjusting member so as to block, the drag acting on the screened object of gravity from the suction port,
- the air flow may be controlled so that the flow velocity of the air flow at the side of the air flow adjusting body is constant in the height direction.
- the air flow adjusting body may be a rotating body with respect to the central axis, and may have an inclined surface that expands a cross-sectional area downward.
- the conduit has an inner surface inclined portion that is inclined so as to expand a horizontal sectional area downward, and the air flow adjusting body is located in the inner surface inclined portion. Good.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the calculation results of the relative value of the maximum inner diameter of a region 3b2 and the distance between the outer wall of the air flow adjusting body 32 and the inner wall of the conduit 35. It is a figure which shows the difference in the flow-velocity distribution width of a flow-path cross section by the presence or absence of an airflow adjustment body. It is a figure which shows the position of an airflow adjustment body. It is a figure which shows a suction opening and a suction path. It is a figure which shows the modification of FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of FIG. It is a figure which shows arrangement
- flow velocity is the average flow velocity unless otherwise specified. This average flow velocity is a simple calculated value obtained by dividing the flow rate by the channel cross-sectional area at a predetermined position, and this is defined as the average flow velocity in the channel cross-section at this position.
- the “air flow” may be an air flow generated by a blower or a pump in the atmosphere, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a part (sorting unit 1) related to a main sorting operation in basic structural units.
- a unit (introduction unit 2) that is arranged at the top and introduces a selection target (object) into the apparatus
- a unit selection unit (unit selection unit 3) that performs unit selection operation )
- An airflow introducing unit (air supply unit 4) which is disposed below the air supply unit 4, blocks outflow of the airflow below the position, and passes through all the sorting units 3.
- It consists of a unit (bottom unit 5) installed at the bottom for capturing an object.
- each unit is arranged along a central axis.
- the unit selection operation can be made multistage and continuous by adopting a device configuration in which a plurality of unit selection units 3 are connected in the vertical direction (for the overall configuration, FIGS. 4 to 7 are also shown). reference).
- the structural unit (unit) is for the purpose of clarifying the necessary functions and elements in the explanation here, and it is necessary to draw or classify each physical unit in the actual device. Absent. However, in terms of operation, it is preferable to have a structure and a configuration that can be physically divided for each unit as necessary from the viewpoint of adjustment and repair convenience of the apparatus.
- the unit selection unit 3 may be installed in an existing apparatus having a mechanism for supplying a minimum necessary air supply / intake and an object to be selected in order to perform the same operation as the apparatus here.
- the unit operation part has substantially the same configuration as the apparatus here, and the selection function itself operates similarly.
- the unit sorting unit 3 may be additionally installed and used for the purpose of partially improving the sorting ability and improving efficiency and convenience. Is possible. Even in this case, a high effect equivalent to that of the present apparatus can be expected.
- an existing sorting unit or the like may be incorporated between some units of the apparatus so as not to affect the unit (for example, see FIG. 3). Then, among the three (three stages) unit sorting units 3, the middle stage unit corresponds to an existing sorting unit).
- each unit may be configured as a single unit by sharing the conduit portion (conduit 35, etc.) that also serves as a casing with the adjacent unit, and the original three units or more may be configured as a single unit. Alternatively, all may be combined into a single unit.
- the cross section of the conduit portion (conduit 35 and the like) has a substantially circular shape unless otherwise specified. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the introduction unit 2 is installed for the purpose of supplying an object for sorting and collection into the apparatus (sorting unit 1).
- a sorting object can be introduced into the apparatus continuously or intermittently as necessary via an introduction pipe portion (conduit) 21 having an input port 22 opened outside the apparatus.
- a supply device with a control device capable of adjusting or quantifying the input amount may be installed or used in cooperation with the requirements of the device performance such as sorting accuracy and sorting efficiency.
- dust or the like is placed at a position that does not affect the operation of the device above the inlet 22 as shown in FIGS.
- a collection mechanism may be provided in which a lightweight object that is not introduced into the entry port position is separately sucked and collected by a solid-gas separation device such as a filter.
- conveyance apparatuses such as a belt conveyor for supplying a selection target object (particulate matter etc.) continuously, the input chute, the input hopper, etc. for assisting this introduction.
- the air supply unit 4 is installed to introduce an airflow generated by a blower or the like into the sorting unit 1 and may have one or a plurality of air supply ports 43 serving as airflow inlets. Adjacent upper and lower units are connected to each other with high airtightness, form a space through which an object and air flow pass, and connect a single or multiple types of pipes (conduit pipes) (air supply pipe part 41). It has become.
- the unit sorting unit 3 has a space through which a sorting object and an air flow pass, and a conduit-like part (main pipe part 31) in which single or plural kinds of pipes (conduit 35) are connected,
- a pipe internal wall surface constituent part (air flow adjusting body 32) which is inside the main pipe part 31 and forms a flow path together with the inner wall of the main pipe part 31, and a support part for fixing the air flow adjusting body 32 to the unit are basic constituent elements. It is said.
- a conduit portion (suction path 34) that extends from the opening (suction port 33) and forms a suction tube is disposed in the internal space.
- the inside of the unit is connected to the outside, and the air flow (arrow F in FIGS. 8 and 11) and the sucked material are discharged to the outside of the unit.
- the inside of the unit does not have a portion that is nearly horizontal or concave so as to capture the object to be dropped and prevent it from dropping below it.
- mold so that the resistance with respect to the airflow from the downward direction may become small.
- unit 3 is designed as follows. An air flow is introduced into the unit 3, and this air flow is sucked from the suction port 33 in the unit 3 to the suction path 34, and thereafter, the air flow rate of the residual suction is in the main pipe portion 31 on the downstream side of the unit 3. It is designed so that the flow rate distribution in the unit 3 can be adjusted, for example, the entire amount of the supplied airflow can be sucked through the suction port 33 and the remaining amount can be reduced to zero.
- the air flow velocity in the column is changed with the vicinity of the suction port 33 as a boundary, and from the other areas in the unit below the boundary. As a result, a region 3b in which the flow velocity is increased is formed.
- the air flow adjusting body 32 is disposed in the region 3 b, and has a vertex at a substantially central lower position of the suction port 33, and a downward (from the air flow on the side opposite to the suction port 33). It is formed in a shape that widens toward the upstream direction (the cross-sectional area increases in the upstream direction). Since the air flow adjusting body 32 is intended for air flow adjustment, it is preferable that the cross-sectional outline is a smooth curve and the cross-sectional shapes are substantially similar in the height direction except for the apex so that the disturbance of the air flow is reduced. .
- the region 3b1 is a ring portion in which the diameter of the conduit 35 including the space is narrowed above the air flow adjusting body 32. Is installed. Further, in the lower region 3b2 below the region 3b1, the inner wall of the conduit 35 of the main pipe portion 31 is formed into a shape along the air flow adjusting body 32 that faces.
- the space in the conduit (the flow path 36) also becomes an inner inclined portion that spreads downward, and due to the presence of the air flow adjusting body 32, the flow path has a substantially hollow ring shape (substantially annular).
- the sorting object passes by the velocity of the airflow in the region 3b (arrow F in FIGS. 9 and 14), that is, the region 3b having a high drag force acting on the object by this airflow (drop). Whether it is possible or not is a determining factor for the first selection.
- the drag (flow velocity) of the lower region 3b2 that is the final passing point in the region 3b of the selection object that falls by gravity becomes a more dominant configuration and design element.
- the drag is dominant in determining the sortability in the unit sorting unit 3, and the drag varies depending on the flow velocity in the flow path 36.
- the flow path cross-sectional area be substantially constant so that the change in the flow velocity in the flow path 36 does not become significant.
- the airflow channel 36 is designed so that the cross-sectional area is constant and the flow velocity is uniform (see also FIG. 10 described later).
- the airflow adjustment body 32 itself serves as a braking mechanism for an object having a large gravity drop speed, and relaxes the drop speed mainly by collision with an object that drops by gravity.
- the maximum outer diameter portion of the divergent portion of the airflow adjusting body 32 is designed to be equal to or larger than the inner diameter of the conduit 35 of the main pipe portion 31 in the region 3b1.
- the height (length) of the divergent portion of the airflow adjusting body 32 is preferably as low (short) as possible from the viewpoint of space saving.
- an object that is estimated to be collected at the suction port 33 in the region 3b1 and that has the highest gravity drop speed can decelerate the gravity drop speed in the air flow channel 36, and further the upward direction in which the suction port 33 is positioned. You may set according to the distance required to turn to the movement to.
- the distance dw is shorter than the distance between the walls (upper limit value U) in the conduit 35 of the main pipe portion 31 in the region 3b1 where the air flow adjusting body 32 is not present, and the distance dw becomes smaller with the ratio.
- the collision between the air flow adjusting body 32 and the target object also has an effect of enhancing the selection accuracy by promoting the crushing of the mixture and separation of the single substance when the selection target object is a plurality of types of mixtures. .
- the flow velocity (cross-sectional area) of the region 3b1 is basically the same as the flow velocity (cross-sectional area) of the region 3b2, but fine adjustment is appropriately performed in consideration of the selection characteristics (selection accuracy and speed). Is preferred. Since the flow path 36 is inclined in the region 3b2, the component in the direction of the gravity flow channel 36 acting on the object is smaller than the component in the region 3b1 as an examination item of the flow velocity (cross-sectional area) balance. Also good.
- the shape of the lower part of the air flow adjusting body 32 is not specified in detail such as the shape, but a shape with low air resistance is preferable because it faces the air flow.
- a support (post) for fixing the airflow adjusting body 32 in the column may be installed, and a required position is assumed when the airflow adjusting body 32 described later is operated vertically (position adjustment).
- An adjustment mechanism airflow adjustment body position adjustment mechanism 39 may be installed.
- the characteristics of the air flow in the air flow channel 37 depend on the form of the lower part of the main pipe portion 31 and the air flow adjusting body 32, and the flow velocity in the flow channel 37 immediately below the flow channel 36 is the flow velocity in the flow channel 36. If it is larger than that, an object that becomes (the drag force in the flow path 37> gravity> the drag force in the flow path 36) is likely to be captured at the boundary between the flow path 36 and the flow path 37, which is not preferable.
- the flow path 37 is not reached, and there is no particular effect.
- the flow path 37 is on the upstream side of the air flow like the combination of the cylindrical conduit 35 (main pipe portion 31) shown in FIG. If the cross-sectional area is uniformly reduced toward the flow path 36, the effect of rectification can be expected. In the case of multi-stages, which will be described later, it is preferable from the viewpoint of space saving and efficiency to match the lower units, or to be easily connectable and compact.
- the position adjustment of the air flow adjusting body 32 can be easily performed, and the cross-sectional area of the flow path 36 between the air flow adjusting body 32 and the conduit 35 can be changed by this position adjustment. It is good. By changing the cross-sectional area, it is possible to change the flow velocity, that is, the drag applied to the object to be sorted, and to adjust the sortability in the unit.
- FIG. 10 when the entire region 3b has a uniform cross-sectional area, the airflow adjusting body 32 is moved by L21 (0 mm, reference position), L22 (+1 mm), and L23 (+2 mm) in the height direction. The flow velocity at the height position is shown.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B show graphs when the inner diameter adjusting ring 38 as shown in FIG. 14 is used and when not used.
- the air flow adjusting body 32 is raised and the flow velocity is increased. Further, as shown in FIG. 10 (a), a section (L ′ in FIG. 10 (a)) in which the flow velocity is relatively lowered in the region 3b in accordance with the control of the relative position between the air flow adjusting body 32 and the conduit 35. If the inner diameter adjusting ring 38 is installed at the part, this can be eliminated as shown in FIG. It should be noted that it is preferable that a portion of the conduit 35 or the like that is highly likely to be changed is designed to have a structure that facilitates replacement or adjustment. Here, adjustment is also performed by replacing or adjusting the portion of the conduit 35. obtain.
- suction port 33 that is installed in the unit selection unit 3 and opens the end of the suction path to form a suction pipe substantially faces the airflow at a substantially central position in the cross section of the airflow passage in the unit 3. Open in the direction.
- the suction port 33 is connected to the solid-gas separation mechanism 6 installed outside the unit 3 through a suction path 34 which is substantially the same diameter and extends and bends in a certain height direction and is led out of the unit 3. .
- the downstream side of the path (conduit) extending from the suction port 33 via the suction path 34, the solid-gas separation mechanism 6 and the like is connected to a blower, a pump, or the like, and a part of the airflow in the unit 3 is removed from the suction port 33.
- the flow rate and flow velocity in the unit 3 are adjusted by suction. Further, among the sorting objects introduced from the introduction unit 2, those that cannot pass (fall) through the unit are sucked and collected together with the air flow (arrow F in FIG. 15). That is, whether or not the object to be sorted is sucked from the suction port 33 is a determining factor for the second sorting.
- the property of the suction path 34 immediately above the suction port 33 that forms the rising airflow that opposes the gravity drop is changed, and in particular, the length of the suction path 34 in the height direction is changed. It may be adjustable. From the viewpoint of suction accuracy (airflow stability), it is preferable to design the shape of the conduit, the cross-sectional area, and the like so that the flow velocity (suction force) in the suction path 34 is constant. In particular, with respect to the suction pipe portion formed by opening the end of the suction path, the distribution of the flow velocity in the unit 3 immediately below tends to be biased or disturbed depending on the direction of the airflow to be sucked.
- the suction pipe portion extends upward in the direction parallel to the central axis that is equal to the direction of the air flow in the unit 3.
- the length of the suction pipe portion is shortened as much as possible, and the height and length of the inclined portion of the suction path 34 positioned above it are adjusted. Also good.
- a plurality of suction ports 33 in the unit selection unit 3 may be provided.
- the physical properties and characteristics of the objects to be selected taken in from the suction ports 33 are substantially the same, and even a suction port 33 having a relatively strong suction force is positioned below the suction port 33. It is installed so that it can be adjusted so as not to suck even the physical property selection object passing through the region 3b having the fastest flow velocity.
- the shape and structure of all the suction ports 33 may be the same, and an arrangement that satisfies the same conditions in the unit 3 may be used.
- all the components of the unit 3 have a circular cross section such as a cylinder, they may be arranged at equal distances from the center point (C in FIG. 18).
- the plurality of suction ports 33 are installed when the output of one power source such as a blower or a pump responsible for suction is limited (small), or the influence of the diameter on the flow velocity distribution of the cross section of the suction port 33 when a large-scale device is realized. This can be taken into account when the value is made smaller.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which one blower is used for air supply and intake, and air supply and intake air are circulated.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment in which the air supply and intake air are installed independently.
- 7 shows an embodiment in which intake units are installed independently for each unit selection unit 3.
- pumps or existing intake / exhaust equipment may be used instead of the blower if there are existing intake / exhaust equipment. Can be increased or decreased in consideration of the output of
- Airflow management since airflow is used as a driving force for selection, management and control of the flow rate of the airflow and the like are required, and an output management and control mechanism may be provided in the air supply and intake mechanism that is the source of the airflow.
- a valve for adjusting the flow rate, a measuring device for measuring a flow rate, a flow rate, or the like may be installed in the intake path.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 show an example in which a management / control mechanism (flow rate / flow velocity control unit 8 and control device 9) and a blower 7 capable of adjusting and monitoring the output are used.
- the control / control mechanism measures the selection unit 1 while the control signal is sent to the flow rate / velocimeter 81.
- the control valve 83 having an external signal input / output for adjusting the opening degree is provided, and the flow rate of the air flow sucked at each suction port 33 is monitored and adjusted. Also good.
- the output variable blower having an external signal input / output for output adjustment, the total airflow may be adjusted at the same time. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described example as long as air supply and intake necessary for operating the apparatus can be performed, and individual manual adjustment may be possible.
- Solid-gas separation mechanism and recovery tank The object P sucked together with the air flow (arrow F in FIG. 20) from the suction port of the unit selection unit 3 is recovered by separating from the air flow.
- the part where the separation operation is performed is defined as the solid-gas separation mechanism 6, but the flow velocity until the object P falls by gravity and separates from the air flow is reduced by simply increasing the diameter of the flow path. It is good also as a structure to make.
- a dedicated device such as a cyclone may be installed, or a recovery tank 16 for securing an object after solid-gas separation may be installed at the bottom of the solid-gas separation device.
- a recovery tank 16 for securing an object after solid-gas separation may be installed at the bottom of the solid-gas separation device. Good.
- the recovery tank is equipped with a discharge mechanism for discharging the object outside the apparatus during operation (single, intermittent or continuous at any time), the recovery tank itself is discharged. It may be replaced with a mechanism.
- FIG. 21A shows an embodiment in which a valve (individual recovery valve 15) is installed between the solid-gas separation mechanism 6 and the recovery tank 16, and the recovery tank 16 can be removed.
- FIG. 21 (b) shows an embodiment in which multiple valves are installed so that the confidentiality of the take-out port can be secured so that there is no airflow leakage even while the apparatus is in operation, and the object can be easily taken out of the apparatus. It was.
- FIG. 21C shows an embodiment in which a rotary valve capable of ensuring airtightness is installed. Note that these recovery mechanisms may be installed in the bottom unit 5.
- thermometer thermometer 82
- airflow management and control incorporating measurement values may be introduced.
- the device has a static elimination mechanism to prevent the influence of static electricity such as electrostatic adhesion of the object to be sorted, prevention of adhesion due to moisture cross-linking of the object, and a dehumidification and drying mechanism from the viewpoint of equipment maintenance. It may be given.
- a part of the conduit constituting the main pipe part 31 or the whole can be exchanged, or As an easily adjustable mechanism and structure, the inner diameter or the cross-sectional area may be freely changed.
- the inner wall surface of the conduit with which the sorting object may come into contact is smooth so as not to trap the sorting object.
- FIG. 2 (schematic diagram of selection multi-stage) and FIG. 23 (flow rate change graph in multi-stage)
- an example of multi-stage having three unit selection units 3 of the same shape is shown.
- the number of stages is not limited to three, and can be selected (increased / decreased) as necessary.
- the size and shape of each unit sorting unit 3 is designed individually and appropriately according to the form, physical properties, absolute amount, and quantity ratio (distribution) with other objects to be collected by each unit. Also good.
- an air supply unit 4 may be additionally installed between the units as needed for the main purpose of increasing the air flow rate of the upper unit sorting unit 3.
- each component unit other than the opening installed as the airflow inlet / outlet part should be designed so that there is no unintended and effective airflow between the units. is there.
- the conditions of the airflow such as the flow rate can be managed and controlled in conjunction with the management and control of air supply and intake.
- the flow rate is important as a factor for determining the sortability.
- the measuring unit may be installed in the sorting unit 1 to directly measure the flow rate.
- the object to be sorted is introduced into the apparatus (sorting unit 1) from the inlet 22 of the introduction unit 2, and the introduced object is supplied to the unit sorting unit 3 of the sorting unit 1 by gravity drop.
- the object is supplied to the uppermost unit first, and the object that has passed through the uppermost unit due to the gravity drop is supplied to the next unit. Units are supplied as well. Whether or not each unit sorting unit 3 can pass reflects the sorting result of the sorting unit, and if there is no object passing as the sorting result, no object is supplied below this unit. .
- each unit sorting unit 3 the supplied objects are sorted into those that can and cannot pass through the region 3b where the air velocity in the unit is relatively high.
- the object that has passed through the region 3b falls without gravity in the unit and is supplied to the lower unit.
- the object that cannot pass through the region 3b is sucked together with the air current from the suction port 33 installed in the unit, and is carried out of the unit (sorting unit 1) via the suction path 34. . Therefore, each suction force is adjusted in advance to a suction force capable of sucking an object that cannot pass through the unit region 3b. At the time of this adjustment, a flow rate equal to or higher than that of the region 3b is required.
- the flow rate is significantly higher than that of the region 3b, an object that can pass through the region 3b is also sucked. Further, the sucked object is separated from the air current by the solid-gas separation mechanism 6 via the suction path 34 and can be recovered in a recovery tank or the like, but the object does not stay in the middle due to a decrease in the flow velocity or the like in the path. Need to be designed to be.
- the design or operation conditions basically increase the flow velocity in the region 3b in the lower stage.
- the object that has passed through the entire unit sorting unit 3 can be collected by using a separate collecting tank or the like at the bottom unit 5 provided below the unit of the sorting unit 1 or via the bottom unit. it can. In this apparatus, it is possible to have the ability to sort to a number obtained by adding 1 to the number of installed unit sorting units 3 for a single supply.
- sorting device (1) high for various samples while having a space-saving, compact, simple and relatively low-cost mechanism, structure, and configuration that only adopts a configuration in which an airflow adjusting body is disposed. Accuracy, (2) flexible and easy adjustment to cope with various samples, controllability, (3) flexibility to scale, high adaptability sorting device and sorting method can be realized.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the sorting principle in the unit sorting unit 3 in the sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
- ⁇ is the air density
- CD drag coefficient
- V gravity falling speed of the object P
- V the sum of the air velocity (flow velocity) and the gravity falling speed (constant) of the object P. Therefore, D is adjusted and determined by the flow velocity of the airflow 36.
- buoyancy As a force acting on the object P.
- the airflow is air and the specific gravity of the object P is about 1, it is substantially negligible with respect to gravity. Can think.
- the acceleration of the object P that has fallen due to gravity and reaches the region 3b becomes 0, but continues to move downward due to inertial force. At this time, if there is no other acting force, it will continue to fall through the region 3b. On the other hand, if there is no downward movement in the region 3b due to factors such as a collision with the air flow adjusting body 32, the region 3b cannot be passed.
- the motion component in the same direction as the air flow is also present in the relationship of the formula (1).
- the object P moves in the same direction as the airflow, and as a result, it can be taken out of the unit sorting unit via the suction path and collected.
- the drag (D ') in the suction port 33 and the suction path 34 is larger than the drag in the region 3b, the ability to suck the object P that cannot pass through the region 3b more quickly is provided.
- the drag D directly below the suction port 33 in the region 3b can be locally increased, and even the object that originally falls through the region 3b can be sucked and collected, which can be a factor in reducing the sorting accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the sorting property according to the purpose by adjusting the balance between the two drags and the drag.
- each unit sorting unit 3 controls sorting by adjusting the airflow introduced into the region 3b (main pipe portion 31) and the airflow sucked from the suction port 33, respectively.
- the control of the air flow in the former region 3b is based on the management and control of the blower and the flow rate adjustment valve on the air supply port side.
- the air flow sucked from the latter suction port 33 is based on the management and control of a blower, a flow rate adjusting valve, and the like on the downstream side of the suction path 34.
- the region 3b (main pipe portion 31) and the suction port 33 (and the suction path 34) have independent sorting properties, and the conditions are adjusted so that they can cooperate with each other. This makes it possible to perform a sorting operation as a unit.
- the unit unit that performs one sorting has a double sorting process that can be controlled and adjusted, thereby achieving high sorting accuracy.
- Table 1 shows the results of a selection experiment of five types of samples with different materials using the above-described sorting apparatus.
- the samples used in the experiment were almost granular with an outer diameter of about 7 mm, and the conditions of the unit selection unit 3 to be a selection target were set in advance from the properties of each known sample.
- the sorting experiment the sample is first mixed, and the obtained sample in the mixed state is continuously fed into the apparatus through the inlet 22 to evaluate whether or not each sample is collected in a predetermined collection tank. It is a thing. All sample types were selected with a high accuracy of separation efficiency of 90% or more.
- the airflow temperature at the time of circulation decreased by adding the inlet 12 and the gas cooling mechanism 14.
- Control of the air flow temperature is effective not only in stabilizing the sorting ability but also in reducing the influence of heating on the object depending on the apparatus and the type.
- the addition of the intake port 12 can also increase the air flow rate of the air supply in the uppermost unit selection unit relatively, thereby improving the degree of freedom in designing the apparatus (conduit diameter and the like).
- the airflow sorting device described above has high accuracy and easy adjustment with a simple configuration. Therefore, for example, in the recycling field, when selecting crushed material that has been disassembled, crushed and separated for each material after waste collection, and small-diameter parts of various compositions such as elements peeled off from substrates of electronic and electrical equipment Suitable for sorting types. Further, in the resource field, it can be used as a sorting device used for sorting in the same way with natural resources, or in the field of manufacturing and production, for product separation, sorting, impurity removal, and the like.
- Thermometer (Control signal output) 83 Flow control valve 9 ... Control device 10 ... Intake hood 11 ... Dust collector 12 ... Intake port 13 ... Exhaust port 14 ... Gas cooling mechanism 15 ... Solid Recovery valve 16 ... Recovery tank
Landscapes
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、主要な選別操作にかかる部位(選別部1)を、基本的な構成単位にて表した概念図である。部位の主要な要素の構成単位(ユニット)としては、最上部に配置され選別対象(対象物)を装置に導入するユニット(導入ユニット2)、単位選別操作を担う単位選別ユニット(単位選別ユニット3)、気流を導入するユニット(送気ユニット4)、送気ユニット4よりも下側に配置され、気流の当該位置よりも下側への流出を遮断し、また全ての選別ユニット3を通過した対象物を捕捉するために最下部に設置するユニット(底部ユニット5)からなり、典型的には、中央軸線に沿って各ユニットが配置される。
導入ユニット2は選別回収の対象物を装置内(選別部1)に供給する目的で設置されるものである。装置外に開口した投入口22を有し、これを形成する導入管部(導管)21を経由して、選別対象物を必要に応じて連続的、または断続的に装置内に導入可能である。選別精度や選別効率等の装置性能の要求から、投入量を調整や定量化を可能とする制御機器付き供給装置(振動フィーダ、ロータリー弁等)を設置または連携させて用いてもよい。また、送気ユニット4からの気流の流出等で微細な粉塵等によって投入困難な場合には、図5~7のように、投入口22の上方の装置の稼働に影響ない位置に粉塵等を吸引回収する集塵装置11を、または装置とは別に設置された集塵機に連結された吸気フード10を設置してもよい。更に、投入口位置に投入されない軽量物を別途吸引しフィルター等の固気分離装置により回収する回収機構を設置してもよい。また選別対象物(粒子状物など)を連続的に供給するためのベルトコンベアー等の運搬装置や、この導入を補助するための投入用シュートや投入用ホッパー等を用いてもよい。
送気ユニット4は、ブロワ等により発生させた気流を選別部1に導入するために設置され、気流の導入口となる送気口43を単数または複数有し得る。隣接する上下のユニット同士は、気密性を高く接続され、内部に対象物や気流が通る空間を形成し、単一あるいは複数種の管(導管)を接続した導管状(送気管部41)となっている。
図8に示すように、単位選別ユニット3は、選別対象物や気流の通る空間を有し、単一、あるいは複数種の管(導管35)を接続した導管状部(主管部31)と、主管部31内部にあって主管部31の内壁とともに流路を構成する管内部壁面構成部(気流調整体32)と、気流調整体32をユニットに固定する支持部と、を基本的な構成要素としている。さらに、内部空間には、開口部(吸引口33)より伸長して吸引管を形成する導管部(吸引経路34)が配置される。これを経由して、ユニット内部と外部とが接続されて吸引される気流(図8、11の矢印F)及び吸引物をユニット外部へ排出する経路となるのである。なお、ユニット内部は、落下する対象物を捕獲しそれよりも下部に落下出来なくなる様に、水平に近いかまたは凹状等となる箇所がない方が好ましい。また、下方からの気流に対する抵抗が小さくなるように成形されていることが好ましい。
図8及び9に示すように、領域3b2では、抗力が単位選別ユニット3における選別性の決定において支配的であり、抗力は流路36における流速によって変化する。選別性の安定化を図るためには流路36内での流速変化が有意にならないように、流路断面積を略一定とすることが好ましい。例えば、図8では、気流流路36の断面積が一定で均等な流速となるように設計されている(後述する、図10も併せて参照されたい)。
:上付きバーはVの平均流速を表す))の幅は小さくなる(整流の効果)。即ち、抗力分布も一定となって選別性の面では有利となる。したがって、選別対象物の大きさと選別精度のバランスを考慮して比率を選定することが好ましい。
気流調整体32の下部形態としては、形状等詳細までを特定するものではないが、気流と対面することから空気抵抗の小さい形状が好ましい。また、気流調整体32をカラム内に固定するための支持(支柱)等を設置してもよく、後述する気流調整体32の上下動作(位置調整)を前提とする場合には、必要な位置調整機構(気流調整***置調整機構39)を設置してもよい。
また、図14に示すように、単位選別ユニットにおいて、気流調整体32の位置調整を容易可能とし、この位置調整によって気流調整体32と導管35との間の流路36の断面積を変更可能としてもよい。断面積の変更により、流速、即ち選別対象物にかかる抗力を変更でき、ユニットにおける選別性の調節を可能とする。
一方、気流調整体32の上下方向位置を調整しても、気流調整体32よりも上側(領域3b1)の流速は基本的に変化しない。故に、気流調整体32の上下方向位置の調整による流速制御、即ち選別対象物へ作用する抗力変化(増加)に対応させて、吸引口33の気流の吸引量(流速)を調整して(増加させて)もよい。
図15に示すように、単位選別ユニット3内に設置され吸引経路の端を開口し吸引管を形成する吸引口33は、ユニット3内の気流流路断面における略中心位置で気流に略対向する向きに開口する。吸引口33からは略同径で一定の高さ方向に伸長して屈曲しユニット3外へ導出される吸引経路34を介してユニット3外に設置された固気分離機構6へと接続される。吸引口33から吸引経路34、固気分離機構6等を経由して伸長する経路(導管)の下流側はブロワやポンプ等と接続されて、吸引口33よりユニット3内の気流の一部を吸引してユニット3内の流量、流速を調整する。また、導入ユニット2より導入された選別対象物のうちユニットを通過(落下)できないものを気流(図15の矢印F)と共に吸引回収する。即ち、吸引口33より選別対象物が吸引されるか否かが第2の選別の決定要因となる。
図18に示すように、単位選別ユニット3における吸引口33は複数設けてもよい。吸引口33を複数とした場合は、各吸引口33から取り込まれる選別対象物の物性、特性が略一致するようにし、比較的吸引力の強い吸引口33でも、吸引口33下に位置するユニット内で流速が最も速い領域3bを通過する物性の選別対象物まで吸引しないように調整可能に設置する。この条件を満たすには、例えば、全吸引口33の形状、構造を同一にして、さらにユニット3内で同一条件となる配置にすればよい。ユニット3の各構成要素が円柱等の断面が全て同心円形となる場合には、この中心点(図18のC)から均等距離に均等間隔で配置するようにすればよい。
図4~7において、送気機構と吸引機構を示した。図4では1台のブロワを送吸気用として用いて、送気と吸気とを循環させた実施例、図5及び6では送気用と吸気用とを各々独立して設置した実施例、図7ではさらに単位選別ユニット3毎に独立して吸気用を設置した実施例を示した。これ以外に、ブロワの代わりにポンプや、装置設置箇所に既存の吸排気設備があればそれらを利用してもよく、装置に設置する送吸気系統数も装置の規模や使用可能な送吸気機器の出力等を勘案して増減することができる。
ここでは、気流を選別の駆動力としていることから、気流の流量等の管理、制御を必要とし、気流の発生源となる送吸気機構に出力管理や制御の機構を設けてもよいし、送吸気経路中に流量調整を行うための弁や、流量や流速等の測定を行う計測機器等を設置してもよい。
単位選別ユニット3の吸引口より気流(図20の矢印F)と共に吸引された対象物Pは、この気流から分離することで回収される。この分離操作を行う部位を固気分離機構6と定義しているが、単純に流路の径を大きくするなどして、対象物Pが重力落下して上記気流から剥離するまでの流速を低下させる構造としてもよい。
図4に示すように、1台のブロワ7によって気流を循環利用する場合、装置外との気流の出入りはなく、即ち、開口部である投入口22での吸排気も基本的にない。したがって、軽量な選別対象物が投入口22の排気によって投入を妨げられることを考慮する必要がない。しかしながら、導入ユニット2の直下の単位選別ユニット3では、気流量が相対的に少ないことによる制限を受け得る。
図19に示すように、気流の送吸気の循環利用時に限らず、室温により装置稼働時の気流の温度は変動するため、気流の温度変化による装置への影響を考慮し、気流温度用の計測器(温度計82)と、計測値を組み入れた気流の管理、制御を導入してもよい。
また装置には、選別対象物の静電的な付着等、静電気の影響を防止するための除電機構や、対象物の水分架橋による付着の防止や、装置保守の観点等から除湿、乾燥機構を付与してもよい。
主管部31や吸引経路34等の導管内には、整流の補助を目的として、部分的に内径を細くして流速を高める絞り(例えば、特許文献8を参照)や、図22に示すような整流機構を設けてもよい。また主管部31の導管内には、選別対象物の重力落下の制動の補助を与える制動機構を設けてもよい(例えば、特許文献8を参照)。また、選別対象物の大きさ、比重等の各種性状や、処理量等の種々の条件への最適化を与える目的として、主管部31を構成する一部の導管または全体を交換可能に、あるいは容易に調整可能な機構、構造として、自由に内径あるいは断面積を変更可能としてもよい。なお、選別対象物が接する可能性がある導管内壁表面は、選別対象物を捕捉してしまわないように滑らかであることが好ましい。
種々の構成要素において、同一構成要素を複数装備することが可能であり、上記した実施例に限らず、任意の組み合わせや構成数が選択可能である。さらに個々の構成要素について大きさ等、種々形態を設定することができる。
選別の対象物は導入ユニット2の投入口22より装置内(選別部1)に導入され、導入された対象物は重力落下によって選別部1の単位選別ユニット3に供給される。なお、単位選別ユニット3が複数ある場合には、初めに最上段のユニットに供給され、最上段ユニットを重力落下により通過することができた対象物が次段のユニットに供給され、より下段のユニットにも同様に供給される。各単位選別ユニット3を通過可能かは、選別ユニットの選別結果を反映したものであって、選別結果として通過する対象物がない場合にはこのユニットの下方には対象物が供給されないことになる。
図24には、本発明による選別装置における単位選別ユニット3での選別原理について説明した図である。
Fg=9.8×a1[N]
となる。
D=ρ×V2÷2×s×CD
ρ:流体の密度、V:対象物Pとの相対速度、s:対象物の代表面積、CD:抗力係数
となる。ここで、ρを空気密度、抗力係数CDおよび対象物Pの重力落下速度を一定と仮定すると、変量Vが気流の速度(流速)と、対象物Pの重力落下速度(一定)との和であることから、Dは気流36の流速により調整され、決定される。
Fg=D …(1)
Fg<D …(2)
ここで、図4に示したように、気流を循環利用した場合(図25の直線L31)にあっては、上記したように、外気を吸気する吸気口12を設けた場合(図25の点線L32)と、さらに気体冷却機構14を設けた場合(図25の一点鎖線L33)の気流の温度を計測した。この値を図25に示した。なお、運転条件としては、単位選別ユニット3の数が5、送気には1200W級のDCブロワを用いて、室温約25℃の環境下で、吸気口12から外気の取り込みを全吸気量の略10%、気体冷却機構14の冷却能力は約120Wとした。
2・・・導入ユニット
21・・・導入管部
22・・・投入口
3・・・単位選別ユニット
31・・・主管部
32・・・気流調整体
33・・・吸引口
34・・・吸引経路
35・・・導管
36・・・領域3b2での導管内空間流路
37・・・領域3b1下での導管内空間流路
38・・・内径調整用リング
39・・・気流調整***置調整機構
4・・・送気ユニット
41・・・送気管部
42・・・送気経路
43・・・送気口
5・・・底部ユニット
6・・・固気分離機構
7・・・ブロワ
8・・・流量、流速制御部
81・・・流量計、流速計(制御用信号出力)
82・・・温度計(制御用信号出力)
83・・・流量調整弁
9・・・制御装置
10・・・吸気フード
11・・・集塵装置
12・・・吸気口
13・・・排気口
14・・・気体冷却機構
15・・・固体回収弁
16・・・回収槽
Claims (14)
- 選別対象物の選別を行う選別装置であって、
中央軸線を有しこれに沿ってその内部で選別対象物を重力落下させる導管と、
前記導管の下部に設けられ、前記中央軸線に沿って上方に送風するための送気口と、
前記導管の前記送気口よりも上部に設けられ、前記中央軸線に平行に設けられた吸引管の下方へ向けた開口である吸引口と、
前記導管の前記吸引口よりも上部に設けられ、前記選別対象物を前記導管内の前記吸引管の周囲に投入するための投入口と、を備え、前記送気口からの送風により前記導管内に生ずる気流の一部または全部とともに、前記選別対象物を前記吸引口より吸引するか否かによって、選別を行う選別装置において、
前記導管内の前記吸引口の下部に設けられて重力落下する前記選別対象物の落下経路を遮るように気流調整体を備え、前記気流調整体は前記中央軸線上に頂点を有し下方向に向けて断面形状を相似状にその断面積を拡げるような傾斜表面を有し、重力落下する前記選別対象物に作用する抗力を前記吸引口から下方向に向けてより大きくなるようにさせることを特徴とする選別装置。 - 前記気流調整体は、回転体形状であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の選別装置。
- 前記導管は、下方に向けて水平断面積を拡げるように傾斜させた内面傾斜部を有し、前記内面傾斜部内には前記気流調整体が位置することを特徴とする請求項1記載の選別装置。
- 前記内面傾斜部における気流の流速を高さ方向に一定にするように前記導管の前記内面傾斜部及び前記気流調整体の前記傾斜表面の形状を制御することを特徴とする請求項3記載の選別装置。
- 前記導管は、前記内面傾斜部における下方に向けた前記水平断面積を可変とさせるリング部を有することを特徴とする請求項4記載の選別装置。
- 前記気流調整体は、少なくとも最大断面積部を前記内面傾斜部に位置させ、前記最大断面積部の断面積を前記内面ストレート部の断面積よりも大とすることを特徴とする請求項4記載の選別装置。
- 前記気流調整体は、上下位置調整手段を与えられ、前記内面傾斜部において上下動し、前記抗力を制御することを特徴とする請求項4記載の選別装置。
- 前記吸引口を同一水平面内に開口するように複数設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の選別装置。
- 前記吸引口の上方において、前記中央軸線に平行に設けられた第2の吸引管の下方へ向けた開口である第2の吸引口を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の選別装置。
- 前記吸引口及び前記第2の吸引口での各々の流量を独立して制御可能であることを特徴とする請求項9記載の選別装置。
- 選別対象物の選別を行う選別方法であって、
中央軸線を有しこれに沿ってその内部で選別対象物を重力落下させる導管と、
前記導管の下部に設けられ、前記中央軸線に沿って上方に送風するための送気口と、
前記導管の前記送気口よりも上部に設けられ、前記中央軸線に平行に設けられた吸引管の下方へ向けた開口である吸引口と、
前記導管の前記吸引口よりも上部に設けられ、前記選別対象物を前記導管内の前記吸引管の周囲に投入するための投入口と、を備え、前記送気口からの送風により前記導管内に生ずる気流の一部または全部とともに、前記選別対象物を前記吸引口より吸引するか否かによって、選別を行う選別装置において、
前記導管内の前記吸引口の下部に設けられて重力落下する前記選別対象物の落下経路を遮るように気流調整体を与え、重力落下する前記選別対象物に作用する抗力を前記吸引口から下方向に向けてより大きくなるようにさせることを特徴とする選別方法。 - 前記気流調整体側部における気流の流速を高さ方向に一定にするように気流制御することを特徴とする請求項11記載の選別方法。
- 前記気流調整体は前記中央軸線について回転体であって下方向に向けて断面積を拡げる傾斜表面を有することを特徴とする請求項12記載の選別方法。
- 前記導管は、下方に向けて水平断面積を拡げるように傾斜させた内面傾斜部を有し、前記内面傾斜部内には前記気流調整体が位置することを特徴とする請求項13記載の選別装置。
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