WO2017024535A1 - 熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法 - Google Patents

熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法 Download PDF

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WO2017024535A1
WO2017024535A1 PCT/CN2015/086683 CN2015086683W WO2017024535A1 WO 2017024535 A1 WO2017024535 A1 WO 2017024535A1 CN 2015086683 W CN2015086683 W CN 2015086683W WO 2017024535 A1 WO2017024535 A1 WO 2017024535A1
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Prior art keywords
melting
zone
air
gas
melting furnace
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PCT/CN2015/086683
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴道洪
谢善清
刘行波
裴芬
王东方
林景龙
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北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/086683 priority Critical patent/WO2017024535A1/zh
Publication of WO2017024535A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017024535A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a melting furnace and a method of treating a material to be melted using the melting furnace.
  • the separation of slag iron is usually carried out by using a blast furnace.
  • the blast furnace is an upright furnace type, which requires coke as a material rack to keep the air passage in the furnace unobstructed, and the reduced iron generated in the upper reduction zone is melted into a liquid by the heat energy generated by the combustion of the coke.
  • the slag and the molten metal are separated in the hearth, and after accumulating to a certain amount, they are discharged from the slag iron port to obtain molten metal and slag.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a melting furnace and a method for treating a material to be melted by using the melting furnace, which can realize continuous processing of a material to be melted and heat storage in a regenerator The body is not easy to block.
  • the invention provides a melting furnace, according to an embodiment of the invention, the melting furnace comprises:
  • the melting furnace body has a melting space, the bottom of the melting space defines a molten pool, and the melting space sequentially forms a feeding zone, a melting zone, and a separation zone along the melt flow direction And a discharge area, a feeding port is arranged on a side wall of the feeding zone, and a discharge port and a slag opening are arranged on a side wall of the discharging zone;
  • each pair of the first regenerative burners includes a nozzle, a gas deposition chamber, an air deposition chamber, a gas regenerator in communication with the gas deposition chamber, and an air regenerator in communication with the air deposition chamber; as well as
  • each pair of said A second regenerative burner is disposed on opposite sidewalls of the melting furnace body.
  • the melting furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize continuous processing of the material to be melted, and the heat storage body of the regenerator burner is not easily blocked, and the metal melt and the slag are separated efficiently and the energy consumption is relatively high. low.
  • the melting furnace according to the above embodiment of the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
  • the gas regenerator and the gas sludge chamber are in communication with the nozzle through a first air flow passage, and the air regenerator and the air sediment chamber pass through a second air flow passage The nozzle is in communication.
  • the air sediment chamber is located upstream of the air regenerator in a flow direction of the flue gas, and the gas dump chamber is located The gas regenerator is upstream of the gas storage chamber. Thereby, clogging of the heat storage body can be effectively reduced.
  • the flow area of the first air flow passage gradually increases in a direction from the nozzle to the gas deposition chamber, in a direction from the nozzle to the air sediment chamber
  • the flow area of the second air flow passage is gradually increased. Specifically, the transition section of the first airflow passage to the gas deposition chamber suddenly increases, and the transition section of the second airflow passage to the air sedimentation chamber abruptly increases. Thereby, the dust in the flue gas can be removed, thereby further reducing the clogging of the regenerator.
  • the gas regenerator and the air regenerator have respectively a regenerator stacked with lattice bricks, wherein the lattice brick has a pore size of 10 to 100 mm.
  • the melting furnace body at the molten pool is stacked from a plurality of layers of erosion resistant refractory bricks, and a steel furnace shell is disposed around the refractory bricks at the molten pool.
  • a cooling device is disposed between the refractory brick located at the molten pool and the steel furnace shell, wherein a cooling wall is disposed between the refractory brick located at the sidewall of the molten pool and the steel furnace shell
  • a water-cooled tube or an air-cooled tube is disposed between the refractory brick located at the bottom of the molten pool and the steel furnace shell.
  • the front end wall, the rear end wall, the side wall, and the top of the portion of the melting furnace body located at an upper portion of the molten pool are independently made of gas-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and Insulation refractory bricks are piled up. Thereby, the life of the melting furnace can be further improved.
  • the front end wall of the portion of the melting furnace body located at the upper portion of the molten pool is a curved end wall. Therefore, the sealing of the feed opening can be achieved.
  • the melting furnace further includes: a silo; and a charging device coupled to the silo and the feed port, respectively.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a material to be melted using the melting furnace described above, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprising:
  • combustion material comprises gas and air
  • the separation treatment is performed to obtain a molten metal and slag, and the molten metal is discharged from the discharge port, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port.
  • the method for treating a material to be melted according to an embodiment of the present invention can achieve continuous processing of the material to be melted by using the above-mentioned melting furnace to treat the material to be melted, and the heat storage body of the regenerator burner is not easy. Blockage, while molten metal and slag separation efficiency is higher and energy consumption is lower.
  • the method of processing a material to be melted according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the temperature of the melting zone is between 1000 and 1800 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the separation zone is between 100 and 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melting zone.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a melting furnace in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front structural view showing a melting furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view showing a melting furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a front structural view showing a melting furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or Implicitly indicates the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.
  • the invention provides a melting furnace.
  • the melting furnace comprises: a melting furnace body, the melting furnace body has a melting space, the melting space bottom defines a molten pool, the melting space along the melt
  • the flow direction sequentially forms a feed zone, a melting zone, a separation zone and a discharge zone, the feed zone being located at one end of the melting furnace body, the discharge zone being located at the other end of the melting furnace body, a feeding port is arranged on a side wall of the feeding zone, a discharging port and a slag opening are arranged on a side wall of the discharging zone; and a first regenerative burner, the melting zone is correspondingly provided with at least one pair
  • the first regenerative burner each pair of the first regenerative burners is disposed on opposite sidewalls of the melting furnace body, and each of the first regenerative burners includes a nozzle and a gas a sediment chamber, an air sediment chamber, a gas regenerator connected to the gas sediment chamber
  • the inventors have found that by providing a regenerative burner on the body of the melting furnace to heat the melting space, the material to be melted can be heated and melted while sequentially passing through various regions in the melting space, and the separation region is set. The metal melt and the slag can be completely separated. When the molten metal and the slag are collected in the molten pool to a certain amount, they can be discharged from the discharge port and the slag outlet respectively, so that the melting furnace can be melted.
  • Continuous processing of materials, and the use of a regenerative burner to heat the melting space can achieve precise temperature control of the melting space and uniform temperature field distribution in the melting space, which can significantly improve the material to be melted Melting efficiency, and by providing a regenerative burner having a gas-sink chamber and an air-sink chamber on the side wall of the melting zone, the dust and semi-molten slag entrained in the high-temperature flue gas are sedimented during the exhausting process
  • the chamber is separated, and the flue gas after the sediment enters the regenerator for heat storage, thereby effectively reducing the blockage of the regenerator in the regenerator, reducing the maintenance cost, and further improving the heat.
  • the regenerator recovers the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas, and fully utilizes the part of the residual heat to preheat the combustion materials (gas and air), thereby reducing the energy cost per unit product, and the flue gas obtained by the regenerative burner is low temperature.
  • the melting furnace of the present invention has lower material strength and particle size requirements for the molten material, and the present invention does not cause serious environmental pollution as compared with the use of coke as a fuel and a column, and the present invention can be applied to low Melting treatment of grade ore, refractory ore and composite ore.
  • the melting furnace comprises:
  • the melting furnace body 100 has a melting space 10 therein, the bottom of the melting space 10 defines a molten pool 11, and the melting space 10 sequentially forms a feed along the melt flow direction.
  • the zone 12, the melting zone 13, the separation zone 14 and the discharge zone 15, the feed zone 12 is located at one end of the melting furnace body 100, and the discharge zone 15 is located at the other end of the melting furnace body 100, the side wall of the feed zone 12
  • a feed port 101 is provided, and a discharge port 102 and a tap hole 103 are provided on the side wall of the discharge zone 15, and the tap hole 103 is located above the discharge port 102 in the height direction.
  • the molten pool 11 may have a rectangular shallow pool structure. Thereby, the material to be melted can be spread in a thin layer horizontally in the molten pool, so that the melting efficiency of the material can be significantly improved.
  • the melting furnace body 100 at the molten pool 11 may be stacked from a plurality of layers of erosion resistant refractory bricks, for example, the refractory bricks may be carbon composite bricks, microporous corundum bricks, and semi-graphite carbon bricks. .
  • the erosion resistance of the molten pool can be significantly improved, thereby avoiding the damage of the melt to the molten pool, thereby improving the service life of the melting furnace.
  • the periphery of the refractory brick at the molten pool 11 may be provided with a steel furnace shell 16. Thereby, the stability of the furnace body can be effectively maintained.
  • a cooling device 17 may be disposed between the refractory brick located at the molten pool 11 and the steel furnace shell 16.
  • a cooling wall may be disposed between the refractory brick located at the sidewall of the molten pool 11 and the steel furnace shell 16.
  • the material of the cooling wall may be selected by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, for example, Cast steel, cast iron or copper stave.
  • a water-cooled tube or an air-cooled tube may be disposed between the refractory brick located at the bottom of the molten pool 11 and the steel furnace shell 16. Thereby, the service life of the melting furnace can be further improved.
  • the front end wall 18, the rear end wall 19, the side wall 20, and the furnace roof 21 of the portion of the melting furnace body 100 located at the upper portion of the molten pool 11 may be independently gas-resistant.
  • the refractory bricks with high temperature resistance and thermal insulation properties are stacked, for example, refractory bricks such as magnesia-alumina spinel brick, mullite heat-insulating brick, high-purity mullite turn, and fused half-recombined magnesia chrome brick.
  • the front end wall 18 of the portion of the melting furnace body 100 located at the upper portion of the molten pool 11 may be a curved end wall. Thereby, it is possible to seal the feed port.
  • the feed port 101 may be disposed on the wall of the molten pool at the lower end of the front wall, the discharge port The 102 and the slag opening 103 may be located on the wall of the sump at the lower end of the rear end wall. Specifically, the discharge port and the slag outlet can be blocked by the mud.
  • the discharger is used to drill through the discharge port of the mud mud and After the discharge is completed, the discharge port and the slag outlet are blocked by the gun mud, and the obtained metal melt is sent to the cast iron workshop for casting or sent to the steelmaking workshop for steel making, and the slag can be used for the production of cement and other buildings. material.
  • First regenerative burner 200 comprising a plurality of first regenerative burners, each of which is disposed on a side wall of the melting furnace body 100, and The melting zone 13 is correspondingly provided with at least one pair of first regenerative burners, each pair of first regenerative burners being disposed on opposite side walls of the melting furnace body 100, ie, a plurality of first regenerative burners along the The melt flow direction is disposed on the side wall of the melting furnace body, and each pair of regenerative burners are disposed opposite to each other on the side wall.
  • each first regenerative burner 200 comprises a nozzle 22, a gas sludge chamber 23, an air sediment chamber 24, a gas regenerator 25 and an air regenerator 26, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the gas-sink chamber 23 is in communication with the gas regenerator 25
  • the air-sink chamber 24 is in communication with the air regenerator chamber 26
  • the gas regenerator chamber 25 and the gas-sink chamber 23 are in communication with the nozzle 22 through the first airflow passage 27,
  • the air regenerator 26 and the air sedimentation chamber 24 communicate with the nozzle 22 through the second air flow passage 28, and when the first regenerative burner is in the exhausting state, the air sediment chamber 24 is located in the air storage direction in the flow direction of the flue gas.
  • the gas sludge chamber 23 is located upstream of the gas regenerator 25.
  • the inventors have found that by providing a first regenerative burner having a gas-sink chamber and an air-sink chamber on the side wall of the melting zone, the dust and semi-molten slag entrained in the high-temperature flue gas are discharged during the exhausting process.
  • the sediment chamber is separated, and the flue gas after the sediment enters the regenerator for heat storage, thereby effectively reducing the blockage of the heat storage body in the regenerator, reducing the maintenance cost, and thereby improving the thermal efficiency.
  • the gas regenerator and the air regenerator are cavities constructed of refractory materials, and the gas regenerator and the air regenerator have heat storage stacked by checkered bricks, respectively. body.
  • the aperture of the checker brick is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs.
  • the lattice of the checker brick may have a diameter of 10 to 100 mm. The inventors have found that if the aperture of the lattice brick is too large, the heat storage effect of the heat storage body is not good, and if the aperture diameter of the lattice brick is too low, the clogging of the heat storage body lattice brick is likely to occur. Thus, by selecting a checker brick having a hole diameter of 10 to 100 mm, it is possible to reduce the clogging of the heat storage body while ensuring that the heat storage body has a high heat storage effect.
  • the gas regenerator can be divided into a first high temperature regenerator zone and a first low temperature regenerator zone from top to bottom, and the air regenerator can be divided into a second high temperature heat storage from top to bottom.
  • the zone and the second low temperature heat storage zone have different materials of the first heat storage zone and the first low temperature heat storage zone, and the materials of the second high temperature heat storage zone and the second low temperature heat storage zone are different.
  • the temperature of the first high temperature heat storage zone and the second high temperature heat storage zone may be 1000 to 1600 ° C
  • the temperature of the first low temperature heat storage zone and the second low temperature heat storage zone may be 100 to 1000 ° C.
  • the air sediment chamber and the gas sludge chamber may each be a cavity structure constructed of refractory bricks, and the lower portion of the cavity structure has a hammer structure.
  • the air sludge chamber and the lower end of the gas sludge chamber are respectively opened to discharge the dust out of the gas sediment chamber and the air sediment chamber.
  • the gas deposition chamber may be disposed adjacent to the melting furnace body, and a partition wall made of refractory brick is disposed between the gas deposition chamber and the gas regenerator chamber, and the partition wall has an opening so that The flue gas after the sediment in the gas sediment chamber enters the gas regenerator for heat storage, the air sediment chamber is disposed away from the melting furnace body, and the partition wall made of refractory brick is arranged between the air sediment chamber and the air regenerator
  • the upper portion also has an opening for allowing the flue gas discharged from the air sediment chamber to enter the air regenerative type for heat storage.
  • the plurality of first regenerative burners may be commutated in a concentrated manner, or may be dispersed and commutated.
  • the air inlet and the gas inlet of one of the pair of first regenerative burners are separately supplied with gas and air to be heated into the melting space, and the melting space is
  • the generated high-temperature flue gas enters the gas sediment chamber through the first air flow passage of the other first regenerative burner, enters the air sediment chamber through the second gas flow passage, and the high-temperature flue gas separates the gas sediment chamber and the air sediment chamber
  • the entrained dust and the semi-molten slag are separated, and the separated flue gas is discharged after being stored in the gas regenerator and the air regenerator, respectively.
  • the regenerator is stored to a certain extent, the first one is cut off.
  • the regenerative burner supplies gas and air, and the low temperature flue gas is used to purify the gas regenerator, and the other regenerative burner is supplied with gas and air, so that the gas and air make full use of the regenerator
  • the heat storage is preheated, and the generated high temperature flue gas is discharged after being stored by the first first regenerative burner, and the two first regenerative burners are alternately used.
  • the flow area of the first gas passage gradually increases in a direction from the nozzle to the gas deposition chamber
  • the flow area of the second gas passage gradually increases in a direction from the nozzle to the air sediment chamber.
  • Increase Specifically, the transition section of the first airflow passage to the gas deposition chamber suddenly increases, and the transition section of the second airflow passage to the air sedimentation chamber abruptly increases.
  • the inventors have found that a sudden increase in the flow section of the high-speed airflow causes a decrease in the airflow speed, and after the high-speed airflow speed is lowered, dust in the airflow, especially some large particulate dust, is separated from the airflow.
  • the dust and semi-molten slag in the flue gas can naturally fall into the gas sludge chamber and the air sediment chamber, and the flue gas after passing through the sediment chamber passes through the gas regenerator and the air.
  • the regenerator stores heat in the regenerator of the regenerator, and discharges it from the lower duct of the regenerator, and the exhaust gas temperature is controlled below 300 °C.
  • Second regenerative burner 300 comprising a plurality of second regenerative burners, each of which is disposed on a side wall of the melting furnace body 100, and At least one pair of second regenerative burners are disposed correspondingly in the separation zone 14, and each pair of second regenerative burners is disposed on opposite sidewalls of the melting furnace body 100, ie, a plurality of second regenerative burners
  • the melt flow direction is disposed on the side wall of the melting furnace body, and each pair of second regenerative burners are disposed opposite to each other on the side wall.
  • the second regenerative burner may be composed of a gas regenerator, an air regenerator and a nozzle, and the air regenerator and the gas regenerator are composed of two adjacent brick masonry spaces.
  • top masonry vault, side wall Refractory brick masonry, the outside is a fixed steel structure composed of steel and steel plates, wherein the plurality of second regenerative burners can be commutated in a concentrated manner or dispersed.
  • the supply of gas and air is first cut off, and then the gas regenerator is performed using the low-temperature flue gas.
  • Backflushing causes the gas remaining in the gas regenerator to be blown into the melting space for combustion, thereby improving fuel utilization and preventing explosion of high-temperature flue gas mixed with residual gas when exhausting smoke.
  • the temperature ratio of the separation zone is set by providing the second regenerative burner in the separation zone.
  • the temperature of the melting zone is lowered by 100 to 200 degrees Celsius.
  • the first regenerative burner is disposed in the melting zone so that the temperature of the melting zone is 1450 to 1700 degrees Celsius
  • the second regenerative burner is disposed in the separation zone to separate
  • the temperature of the zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melt zone.
  • the alternate time for alternately supplying the combustion materials in each of the pair of first regenerative burners and the second regenerative burner is from 1 to 20 minutes.
  • the temperature of the flue gas discharged through the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner is controlled below 300 ° C, and the temperature of the gas after preheating through the gas regenerator is 1000 ° C or higher, and the air is stored in heat.
  • the air temperature after preheating of the chamber is 1200 ° C or higher.
  • the melting furnace heats the melting space by providing a regenerative burner on the melting furnace body, so that the material to be melted is heated and melted while sequentially passing through various regions in the melting space, and
  • the separation of the metal melt and the slag can be achieved by setting the separation zone.
  • the molten furnace can be The continuous treatment of the material to be melted is realized, and at the same time, since the refining burner is used to heat the melting space, precise temperature control of the melting space can be realized and the temperature field distribution in the melting space is uniform, thereby significantly improving the waiting The melting efficiency of the molten material, and by providing a regenerative burner having a gas-sinking chamber and an air-sinking chamber on the side wall of the melting zone, so that the dust and the half entrained in the high-temperature flue gas during the exhausting process The molten slag is separated through the sediment chamber, and the flue gas after the sediment enters the regenerator for heat storage, thereby effectively reducing the blockage of the regenerator in the regenerator and reducing the maintenance cost.
  • the thermal efficiency is improved, and by using the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner, the regenerator in the regenerative burner can be effectively utilized to recover waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas, and the part of the waste heat is fully utilized.
  • the requirements are low, and the present invention does not cause serious environmental pollution as compared with the use of coke as a fuel and a column, and the present invention can be applied to a melting treatment of low-grade ore, refractory ore and composite ore.
  • a melting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the silo 400 is adapted to store material to be melted.
  • the charging device 500 is connected to the silo 400 and the feed port 101, respectively, and is adapted to supply the material to be melted into the melting space. Specifically, the material to be melted is sent from the heat conveyor to the high level silo above the feed port, and then discharged into the feeding device (feeder) by the high level silo, and the feeding device continuously performs mechanical reciprocating motion, thereby waiting The molten material is continuously and uniformly supplied into the melting furnace to achieve continuous uniform feeding.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a material to be melted.
  • the method is carried out using the above-described melting furnace.
  • the method includes: alternately supplying combustion materials to each of the pair of the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner to respectively heat the melting space
  • the combustion material comprises gas and air
  • the material to be melted is supplied from the feed port at one end of the melting furnace body into the melting space to cause the to-be-melted
  • the material is sequentially subjected to melting and separation treatment through the feed zone, the melting zone, the separation zone and the discharge zone, thereby obtaining a molten metal and molten slag, and the molten metal is taken from the other end of the melting furnace body
  • the discharge port is discharged, and the slag is discharged from the tap hole.
  • the above-mentioned melting furnace to treat the molten material, continuous processing of the material to be melted can be realized, and the heat storage body of the regenerator burner is not easily blocked, and the technical melt and slag separation efficiency is high. And the energy consumption is low. It should be noted that the above described features and advantages for the melting furnace are also applicable to the method for processing the material to be melted, and details are not described herein again.
  • the alternate time for alternately supplying the combustion materials in each of the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner is from 1 to 20 minutes.
  • the temperature ratio of the separation zone is set by providing the second regenerative burner in the separation zone.
  • the temperature of the melting zone is lowered by 100 to 200 degrees Celsius.
  • the first regenerative burner is disposed in the melting zone so that the temperature of the melting zone is 1450 to 1700 degrees Celsius
  • the second regenerative burner is disposed in the separation zone to separate
  • the temperature of the zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melt zone.
  • the direct reduced iron (DRI) produced by the direct reduction device is sent from the heat conveyor to the high level silo above the feed port, and then discharged into the feeding device (feeder) from the high level silo, and the feeding device continuously performs mechanical reciprocating Movement, thereby continuously supplying the direct reduced iron into the melting furnace through the feed port, and the DRI is heated and melted into a melt in the molten pool by the flame sprayed by the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner And slowly flowing in the molten pool, as the temperature gradually increases, after reaching the melting temperature, due to the different specific gravity of molten iron and slag, the iron and slag in the molten metal will naturally form stratification, forming molten iron and The molten slag, molten iron and slag are collected in a molten pool in the discharge area to a certain amount, respectively, from the discharge port, The slag outlet is discharged.
  • the high-temperature flue gas generated by the melting zone and the separation zone enters one of each pair of the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner, enters the gas-sink chamber through the first airflow passage, and passes through the second airflow passage.
  • the air sediment chamber After entering the air sediment chamber, after the gas sediment chamber and the air sediment chamber are respectively sedimented, the entrained dust and the semi-molten slag are separated (the second regenerative burner flue gas directly enters the fuel regenerator and the air storage through the airflow passage)
  • the hot chamber after the separated flue gas, the heat storage body of the gas regenerator (the lattice hole is 40 mm) and the air regenerator (the aperture of the lattice brick is 40 mm) are stored to a certain extent and discharged, after the commutation,
  • the normal temperature gas and air are supplied to one burner of each pair of the first regenerative burner and the second regenerator burner, and the gas is preheated by the gas regenerator and the temperature is above 1000
  • the temperature reaches 1200 ° C or higher, and the preheated gas and air are mixed and then sprayed through the nozzle to supply heat to the melting space, and each pair of the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner are Between fuel supply state and smoke exhaust state Alternate use, alternating time is 5 minutes. Before each pair of the first regenerative burner and the second regenerative burner are switched from the fuel supply state to the exhaust state, the fuel supply is first cut off, and the low temperature flue gas is introduced to backflush the fuel regenerator, leaving the residue After the fuel is blown into the melting space, the flue gas is discharged.

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Abstract

一种熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，熔分炉包括：熔分炉本体（100），其内具有熔分空间（10），熔分空间（10）底部限定出熔池（11），熔分空间（10）沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区（12）、熔化区（13）、分离区（14）和出料区（15），进料区（12）位于熔分炉本体（100）的一端，出料区（15）位于熔分炉本体（100）的另一端，进料区（12）的侧壁上设有进料口（101），出料区（15）的侧壁上设有出料口（102）和出渣口（103）；第一蓄热式燃烧器（200），熔化区（13）对应设置至少一对第一蓄热式燃烧器（200），每对第一蓄热式燃烧器（200）设在熔分炉本体（100）的相对侧壁上，每个第一蓄热式燃烧器（200）包括喷嘴（22）、燃气沉渣室（23）、空气沉渣室（24）、燃气蓄热室（25）和空气蓄热室（26）；第二蓄热式燃烧器（300），分离区（14）对应设置至少一对第二蓄热式燃烧器（300），每对第二蓄热式燃烧器（300）设在熔分炉本体（100）的相对侧壁上。

Description

熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法。
背景技术
目前通常采用高炉实现渣铁的分离，高炉是一种直立炉型，需要焦炭作为料架，保持炉内气道通畅，通过焦炭燃烧产生的热能，将上部还原区生成的还原铁熔化成液体，滴落到炉缸，在炉缸内实现渣和金属熔液分离，聚积到一定量后，从渣铁口排出，得到金属液和矿渣。然而该技术需要使用焦炭作为燃料及料柱，而炼焦工艺环节会造成严重的环境污染，并且对入炉物料的强度要求较高，如球团强度较低，在下降过程中会造成料柱透气性变差，影响高炉顺行和煤气化学能的充分利用，同时该设备可控性差，且属于密闭熔炼，从原料入炉到金属熔液流出，反应时间较长，不能连续处理，其次原料适应性较差，只适用于高品位铁精矿的冶炼，对储量最大的难选矿、钒钛矿、复合矿等不能使用，另外该设备能耗较高，能源利用效率低，炉内排烟温度高，需要通过余热锅炉和发电的形式进行能源转化，并且转化效率≤30％。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，该熔分炉可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且蓄热室的蓄热体不易堵塞。
在本发明的一个方面，本发明提出了一种熔分炉，根据本发明的实施例，所述熔分炉包括：
熔分炉本体，所述熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间，所述熔分空间底部限定出熔池，所述熔分空间沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区，所述进料区的侧壁上设有进料口，所述出料区的侧壁上设有出料口和出渣口；
第一蓄热式燃烧器，所述熔化区对应设置至少一对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上，每个所述第一蓄热式燃烧器包括喷嘴、燃气沉渣室、空气沉渣室、与所述燃气沉渣室连通的燃气蓄热室和与所述空气沉渣室连通的空气蓄热室；以及
第二蓄热式燃烧器，所述分离区对应设置至少一对所述第二蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述 第二蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。
由此，根据本发明实施例的熔分炉可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且蓄热室燃烧器的蓄热体不易堵塞，同时金属熔液和熔渣分离效率较高且能耗较低。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的熔分炉还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述燃气蓄热室和所述燃气沉渣室通过第一气流通道与所述喷嘴连通，所述空气蓄热室和所述空气沉渣室通过第二气流通道与所述喷嘴连通，在所述第一蓄热式燃烧器处于排烟状态时，在烟气的流通方向上，所述空气沉渣室位于所述空气蓄热室的上游，所述燃气沉渣室位于所述燃气蓄热室的上游。由此，可以有效降低蓄热体的堵塞。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在从所述喷嘴到所述燃气沉渣室的方向上，所述第一气流通道的流通面积逐渐增大，在从所述喷嘴到所述空气沉渣室的方向上，所述第二气流通道的流通面积逐渐增大。具体的，第一气流通道到燃气沉渣室的过渡段陡然增大，第二气流通道到空气沉渣室的过渡段陡然增大。由此，可以去除烟气中的粉尘，从而进一步降低蓄热体的堵塞。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述燃气蓄热室和所述空气蓄热室内分别具有由格子砖堆砌的蓄热体，其中，所述格子砖的孔径为10～100毫米。由此，在显著提高蓄热体蓄热效果的同时进一步降低蓄热体格子砖的堵塞。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔池处的所述熔分炉本体由多层耐侵蚀的耐火砖堆砌而成，并且所述熔池处的耐火砖***设置有钢制炉壳，且位于所述熔池处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却装置，其中，位于所述熔池侧壁处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却壁，位于所述熔池底部的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有水冷管或风冷管。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙、后端墙、侧墙和炉顶分别独立地由具有耐气体冲刷、耐高温和保温性能的耐火砖堆砌而成。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙为弧形端墙。由此，可以实现对进料口的密封。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔分炉进一步包括：料仓；以及加料装置，所述加料装置分别与所述料仓和所述进料口相连。
在本发明的第二个方面，本发明提出了一种利用上述所述的熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，根据本发明的实施例，该方法包括：
分别向每对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器和所述第二蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料，以 便对所述熔分空间进行加热，其中，所述燃烧物料包括燃气和空气；以及
将所述待熔分物料从所述进料口供给至所述熔分空间中，以便使得所述待熔分物料依次经过所述进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区进行熔化和分离处理，从而得到金属熔液和熔渣，并将所述金属熔液从所述出料口排出，将所述熔渣从所述出渣口排出。
由此，根据本发明实施例的处理待熔分物料的方法通过采用上述熔分炉对待熔分物料进行处理，可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且蓄热室燃烧器的蓄热体不易堵塞，同时金属熔液和熔渣分离效率较高且能耗较低。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的处理待熔分物料的方法还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，所述分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的熔分炉的俯视结构图；
图2是根据本发明再一个实施例的熔分炉的主视结构图；
图3是根据本发明又一个实施例的熔分炉的主视结构图；
图4是根据本发明又一个实施例的熔分炉的主视结构图。
发明详细描述
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者 隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本发明的一个方面，本发明提出了一种熔分炉。根据本发明的实施例，该熔分炉包括：熔分炉本体，所述熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间，所述熔分空间底部限定出熔池，所述熔分空间沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区，所述进料区位于所述熔分炉本体的一端，所述出料区位于所述熔分炉本体的另一端，所述进料区的侧壁上设有进料口，所述出料区的侧壁上设有出料口和出渣口；第一蓄热式燃烧器，所述熔化区对应设置至少一对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上，每个所述第一蓄热式燃烧器包括喷嘴、燃气沉渣室、空气沉渣室、与所述燃气沉渣室连通的燃气蓄热室和与所述空气沉渣室连通的空气蓄热室；以及第二蓄热式燃烧器，所述分离区对应设置至少一对所述第二蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述第二蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。发明人发现，通过在熔分炉本体上设置蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以使得待熔分物料在依次经过熔分空间中各个区域时被加热熔分，并且通过设置分离区可以实现金属熔液和熔渣的彻底分离，当金属熔液和熔渣在熔池内聚集到一定量后可以分别从出料口和出渣口排出，从而使得该熔分炉可以实现对待熔分物料的连续处理，同时由于采用蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以实现对熔分空间的精确控温且使得熔分空间中温度场分布均匀，从而可以显著提高待熔分物料的熔分效率，并且通过在熔化区的侧壁上设置具有燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室的蓄热式燃烧器，在排烟过程中，使得夹带在高温烟气中的粉尘和半熔融渣经沉渣室被分离，而沉渣后的烟气进入蓄热室进行蓄热，从而有效降低蓄热室中蓄热体的堵塞，降低了维修成本，进而提高热效率，并且通过采用第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器，使得可以有效利用蓄热式燃烧器中 的蓄热体对高温烟气进行余热回收，充分利用该部分余热对燃烧物料(燃气和空气)进行预热处理，从而可以降低单位产品能耗成本，且蓄热式燃烧器所得烟气为低温，其次本发明的熔分炉对待熔分物料的物料强度和粒度要求较低，并且与采用焦炭作为燃料和料柱相比，本发明不会造成严重的环境污染，另外本发明可以适用于低品位矿、难选矿和复合矿等的熔分处理。
下面参考图1-3对本发明实施例的熔分炉进行详细描述。根据本发明的实施例，该熔分炉包括：
熔分炉本体100：根据本发明的实施例，熔分炉本体100内具有熔分空间10，熔分空间10底部限定出熔池11，熔分空间10沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区12、熔化区13、分离区14和出料区15，进料区12位于熔分炉本体100的一端，出料区15位于熔分炉本体100的另一端，进料区12的侧壁上设有进料口101，出料区15的侧壁上设有出料口102和出渣口103，并且在高度方向上，出渣口103位于出料口102的上方。根据本发明的具体实施例，熔池11可以采用长方形浅池结构。由此，可以使得待熔分物料在熔池内呈薄层水平铺展状态，从而可以显著提高物料的熔分效率。
根据本发明的一个实施例，熔池11处的熔分炉本体100可以由多层耐侵蚀的耐火砖堆砌而成，例如耐火砖可以为碳复合砖、微孔刚玉砖和半石墨炭砖等。由此，可以显著提高熔池的抗侵蚀性能，从而避免熔体对熔池的损坏，进而提高熔分炉的使用寿命。
根据本发明的再一个实施例，熔池11处的耐火砖***可以设置有钢制炉壳16。由此，可以有效保持炉体的稳定。根据本发明的又一个实施例，位于熔池11处的耐火砖与钢制炉壳16之间可以设置有冷却装置17。由此，通过在熔池耐火砖与钢制炉壳之间设置冷却装置，可以显著提高耐火砖的耐高温性能，从而进一步提高熔分炉的使用寿命。根据本发明的具体实施例，位于熔池11侧壁处的耐火砖与钢制炉壳16之间可以设置有冷却壁，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对冷却壁的材质进行选择，例如可以采用铸钢、铸铁或铜材质的冷却壁。根据本发明的另一个具体实施例，位于熔池11底部的耐火砖与钢制炉壳16之间可以设置有水冷管或风冷管。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的使用寿命。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，熔分炉本体100的位于熔池11的上部的部分的前端墙18、后端墙19、侧墙20和炉顶21可以分别独立地由具有耐气体冲刷、耐高温和保温性能的耐火砖堆砌而成，例如可以为镁铝尖晶石砖、莫来石保温砖、高纯莫来石转和电熔半再结合镁铬砖等耐火砖。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的使用寿命。根据本发明的具体实施例，熔分炉本体100的位于熔池11的上部的部分的前端墙18可以为弧形端墙。由此，可以对进料口起到密封的作用。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，进料口101可以设置在前端墙下端的熔池壁上，出料口 102和出渣口103可以位于后端墙的下端的熔池壁上。具体的，出料口和出渣口可以采用炮泥进行堵塞，当熔池内出料区的金属熔液和熔渣聚集到一定量后，采用出料机钻穿炮泥堵塞的出料口和出渣口，出料完成后再用炮泥将出料口和出渣口堵塞，得到的金属熔体送入铸铁车间铸造或送入炼钢车间炼钢，熔渣可以用于生产水泥等建筑材料。
第一蓄热式燃烧器200：根据本发明的实施例，包括多个第一蓄热式燃烧器，多个第一蓄热式燃烧器分别设在熔分炉本体100的侧壁上，并且熔化区13对应设置至少一对第一蓄热式燃烧器，每对第一蓄热式燃烧器设在熔分炉本体100的相对侧壁上，即多个第一蓄热式燃烧器沿着熔体流动方向设置在熔分炉本体的侧墙上，并且每对蓄热式燃烧器在侧墙上相对设置。根据本发明的一个实施例，每个第一蓄热式燃烧器200包括喷嘴22、燃气沉渣室23、空气沉渣室24、燃气蓄热室25和空气蓄热室26，根据本发明的具体实施例，燃气沉渣室23与燃气蓄热室25相连通，空气沉渣室24与空气蓄热室26相连通，燃气蓄热室25和燃气沉渣室23通过第一气流流道27与喷嘴22连通，空气蓄热室26和空气沉渣室24通过第二气流通道28与喷嘴22连通，在第一蓄热式燃烧器处于排烟状态时，在烟气的流通方向上，空气沉渣室24位于空气蓄热室26的上游，燃气沉渣室23位于燃气蓄热室25的上游。发明人发现，通过在熔化区的侧壁上设置具有燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室的第一蓄热式燃烧器，在排烟过程中，使得夹带在高温烟气中的粉尘和半熔融渣经沉渣室被分离，而沉渣后的烟气进入蓄热室进行蓄热，从而有效降低蓄热室中蓄热体的堵塞，降低了维修成本，进而提高热效率。
根据本发明的再一个实施例，燃气蓄热室和空气蓄热室为由耐火材料砌筑而成的腔体结构，并且燃气蓄热室和空气蓄热室内分别具有由格子砖堆砌的蓄热体。根据本发明的又一个实施例，格子砖的孔径并不受特别限制，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择，根据本发明的具体实施例，格子砖的孔径可以为10～100毫米。发明人发现，若格子砖孔径过大，使得蓄热体蓄热效果不佳，而若格子砖孔径过低，容易造成蓄热体格子砖的堵塞。由此，选择孔径为10～100毫米的格子砖，可以在保证蓄热体具有较高的蓄热效果的同时降低蓄热体的堵塞。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，燃气蓄热室内自上而下可以分为第一高温蓄热区和第一低温蓄热区，空气蓄热室内自上而下可以分为第二高温蓄热区和第二低温蓄热区，并且第一高温蓄热区和第一低温蓄热区的蓄热体的材质不同，第二高温蓄热区和第二低温蓄热区的材质不同。具体的，第一高温蓄热区和第二高温蓄热区的温度可以为1000～1600℃，第一低温蓄热区和第二低温蓄热区的温度可以为100～1000℃。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，空气沉渣室和燃气沉渣室分别可以为由耐火砖砌筑的腔体结构，并且腔体结构的下段均呈锤形结构。由此，可以用于收集烟气中的粉尘颗粒，并 在熔分炉运行一段时间后，分别打开空气沉渣室和燃气沉渣室下端阀门，将粉尘排出燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，燃气沉渣室可以靠近熔分炉本体布置，并且燃气沉渣室和燃气蓄热室之间具有由耐火砖砌成的隔墙且隔墙上具有开口，以便使得经燃气沉渣室沉渣后的烟气进入燃气蓄热室进行蓄热处理，空气沉渣室远离熔分炉本体设置，并且空气沉渣室和空气蓄热室之间具有由耐火砖砌成的隔墙且隔墙上亦具有开口，以便使得经空气沉渣室沉渣后的烟气进入空气蓄热式进行蓄热处理。具体的，多个第一蓄热式燃烧器换向可以采用集中换向，也可以采用分散换向。
例如，在对待熔分物料进行处理过程中，通过每对第一蓄热式燃烧器中的一个的空气入口和燃气入口分别供给燃气和空气燃烧为熔分空间中供热，而熔分空间中产生的高温烟气经过另一个第一蓄热式燃烧器的第一气流通道进入燃气沉渣室，经第二气气流通道进入空气沉渣室，高温烟气分别将燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室沉渣后，其中夹带的粉尘和半熔融渣被分离，分离后的烟气分别在燃气蓄热室和空气蓄热室蓄热后排出，当蓄热室蓄热到一定程度后，切断向前一个第一蓄热式燃烧器中供给燃气和空气，并采用低温烟气对燃气蓄热室进行吹扫，而向另一个蓄热式燃烧器中供给燃气和空气，从而使得燃气和空气充分利用蓄热室的蓄热进行预热，而产生的高温烟气经前一个第一蓄热式燃烧器蓄热后排出，并且两个第一蓄热式燃烧器交替使用。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，在从喷嘴到燃气沉渣室的方向上，第一气体通道的流通面积逐渐增大，在从喷嘴到空气沉渣室的方向上，第二气体通道的流通面积逐渐增大。具体的，第一气流通道到燃气沉渣室的过渡段陡然增大，第二气流通道到空气沉渣室的过渡段陡然增大。发明人发现，高速气流流动截面突然增大，会造成气流速度降低，而高速气流速度降低后，气流内粉尘尤其一些较大颗粒粉尘会从气流中分离出来。由此，通过本发明的布置方式可以使得烟气中的粉尘和半熔融渣可以自然落入到燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室中，而经过沉渣室之后的烟气再经过燃气蓄热室和空气蓄热室将热量储存在蓄热室蓄热体中，从蓄热室下部管道排出，排烟温度控制在300℃以下。
第二蓄热式燃烧器300：根据本发明的实施例，包括多个第二蓄热式燃烧器，多个第二蓄热式燃烧器分别设在熔分炉本体100的侧壁上，并且在分离区14对应设置至少一对第二蓄热式燃烧器，每对第二蓄热式燃烧器设在熔分炉本体100的相对侧壁上，即多个第二蓄热式燃烧器沿着熔体流动方向设置在熔分炉本体的侧墙上，并且每对第二蓄热式燃烧器在侧墙上相对设置。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二蓄热式燃烧器可以由燃气蓄热室、空气蓄热室和喷嘴组成，空气蓄热室和燃气蓄热室由相邻的两个砖砌体空间组成，顶部砌筑拱顶，侧墙采用 耐火砖砌筑，外部为型钢和钢板组成的固定钢结构，其中多个第二蓄热式燃烧器换向可以采用集中换向，也可以采用分散换向。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，在第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器排烟状态开启之前，首先切断燃气和空气的供应，然后利用低温烟气对燃气蓄热室进行反吹，使得燃气蓄热室残存的燃气吹入熔分空间中进行燃烧，从而提高燃料利用率，同时防止排烟时高温烟气与残存的燃气混合产生***。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，通过在熔化区设置第一蓄热式燃烧器使得熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，通过在分离区设置第二蓄热式燃烧器使得分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度，优选的，通过在熔化区设置第一蓄热式燃烧器使得熔化区的温度为1450～1700摄氏度，通过在分离区设置第二蓄热式燃烧器使得分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，每对第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料的交替时间为1～20分钟。由此，可以显著提高蓄热式燃烧器的供热效率。
具体的，经第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器排出的烟气温度控制在300℃以下，经过燃气蓄热室预热后的燃气温度为1000℃以上，将空气蓄热室预热后的空气温度为1200℃以上。
根据本发明实施例的熔分炉通过在熔分炉本体上设置蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以使得待熔分物料在依次经过熔分空间中各个区域时被加热熔化，并且通过设置分离区可以实现金属熔液和熔渣的彻底分离，当金属熔液和熔渣在熔池内聚集到一定量后可以分别从出料口和出渣口排出，从而使得该熔分炉可以实现对待熔分物料的连续处理，同时由于采用蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以实现对熔分空间的精确控温且使得熔分空间中温度场分布均匀，从而可以显著提高待熔分物料的熔分效率，并且通过在熔化区的侧壁上设置具有燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室的蓄热式燃烧器，在排烟过程中，使得夹带在高温烟气中的粉尘和半熔融渣经沉渣室被分离，而沉渣后的烟气进入蓄热室进行蓄热，从而有效降低蓄热室中蓄热体的堵塞，降低了维修成本，进而提高热效率，并且通过采用第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器，使得可以有效利用蓄热式燃烧器中的蓄热体对高温烟气进行余热回收，充分利用该部分余热对燃烧物料(燃气和空气)进行预热处理，从而可以降低单位产品能耗成本，且蓄热式燃烧器所得烟气为低温，其次本发明的熔分炉对待熔分物料的物料强度和粒度要求较低，并且与采用焦炭作为燃料和料柱相比，本发明不会造成严重的环境污染，另外本发明可以适用于低品位矿、难选矿和复合矿等的熔分处理。
参考图4，根据本发明实施例的熔分炉进一步包括：
料仓400：根据本发明的实施例，料仓400适于储存待熔分物料。
加料装置500：根据本发明的实施例，加料装置500分别与料仓400和进料口101相连，且适于将待熔分物料供给至熔分空间中。具体的，将待熔分物料由热输送机送至进料口上方的高位料仓中，然后由高位料仓卸入加料装置(加料机)内，加料装置不断进行机械往复运动，从而将待熔分物料连续均匀的供给至熔分炉内，实现连续均匀供料。
在本发明的另一个方面，本发明提出了一种处理待熔分物料的方法。根据本发明的实施例，该方法是采用上述熔分炉进行的。根据本发明的具体实施例，该方法包括：分别向每对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器和所述第二蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料，以便对所述熔分空间进行加热，其中，所述燃烧物料包括燃气和空气；以及将所述待熔分物料从所述熔分炉本体一端的所述进料口供给至所述熔分空间中，以便使得所述待熔分物料依次经过所述进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区进行熔化和分离处理，从而得到金属熔液和熔渣，并将所述金属熔液从所述熔分炉本体另一端的所述出料口排出，将所述熔渣从所述出渣口排出。由此，通过采用上述熔分炉对待熔分物料进行处理，可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且蓄热室燃烧器的蓄热体不易堵塞，同时技术熔液和熔渣分离效率较高且能耗较低。需要说明的是，上述针对熔分炉所描述的特征和优点同样适用于该处理待熔分物料的方法，此处不再赘述。
根据本发明的一个实施例，每对第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料的交替时间为1～20分钟。由此，可以显著提高蓄热式燃烧器的供热效率。
根据本发明的再一个实施例，通过在熔化区设置第一蓄热式燃烧器使得熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，通过在分离区设置第二蓄热式燃烧器使得分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度，优选的，通过在熔化区设置第一蓄热式燃烧器使得熔化区的温度为1450～1700摄氏度，通过在分离区设置第二蓄热式燃烧器使得分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
下面参考具体实施例，对本发明进行描述，需要说明的是，这些实施例仅仅是描述性的，而不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例
将直接还原装置生产得到的直接还原铁(DRI)由热输送机送至进料口上方的高位料仓中，然后由高位料仓卸入加料装置(加料机)内，加料装置不断进行机械往复运动，从而将直接还原铁经进料口连续均匀的供给至熔分炉内，DRI在熔池内被第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器喷出的火焰加热熔化成熔融体，并不断缓慢的在熔池内流动，随着温度的逐渐升高，达到熔分温度后，由于铁水和熔渣的比重不同，熔液中的铁和熔渣会自然形成分层，形成铁水和熔渣，铁水和熔渣在出料区的熔池内聚集到一定量后，分别从出料口、 出渣口排出。而熔化区和分离区产生的高温烟气进入每对第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器中的一个燃烧器，经第一气流通道进入燃气沉渣室，经第二气流通道进入空气沉渣室，分别在燃气沉渣室和空气沉渣室沉渣后，其中夹带的粉尘和半熔融渣被分离(第二蓄热式燃烧器烟气经过气流通道直接进入到燃料蓄热室和空气蓄热室)，分离后的烟气分别将燃气蓄热室(格子砖孔径为40mm)和空气蓄热室(格子砖孔径为40mm)内蓄热体蓄热到一定程度后排出，换向之后，向前面所述每对第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热室燃烧器的一个燃烧器中供给常温燃气和空气，燃气经燃气蓄热室预热后温度达1000℃以上，空气经空气蓄热室预热后温度达1200℃以上，预热后的燃气和空气混合后经喷嘴喷出向熔分空间供热，每对第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器在供燃料状态和排烟状态之间进行交替使用，交替时间为5分钟。每对第一蓄热式燃烧器和第二蓄热式燃烧器从供燃料状态转换到排烟状态之前，首先切断燃料的供应，并引入低温烟气对燃料蓄热室进行反吹，将残留的燃料吹入熔分空间之后，再排烟气。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种熔分炉，其特征在于，包括：
    熔分炉本体，所述熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间，所述熔分空间底部限定出熔池，所述熔分空间沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区，所述进料区的侧壁上设有进料口，所述出料区的侧壁上设有出料口和出渣口；
    第一蓄热式燃烧器，所述熔化区对应设置至少一对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上，每个所述第一蓄热式燃烧器包括喷嘴、燃气沉渣室、空气沉渣室、与所述燃气沉渣室连通的燃气蓄热室和与所述空气沉渣室连通的空气蓄热室；以及
    第二蓄热式燃烧器，所述分离区对应设置至少一对所述第二蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述第二蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述燃气蓄热室和所述燃气沉渣室通过第一气流通道与所述喷嘴连通，所述空气蓄热室和所述空气沉渣室通过第二气流通道与所述喷嘴连通，在所述第一蓄热式燃烧器处于排烟状态时，在烟气的流通方向上，所述空气沉渣室位于所述空气蓄热室的上游，所述燃气沉渣室位于所述燃气蓄热室的上游。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，在从所述喷嘴到所述燃气沉渣室的方向上，所述第一气流通道的流通面积逐渐增大，
    在从所述喷嘴到所述空气沉渣室的方向上，所述第二气流通道的流通面积逐渐增大。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述燃气蓄热室和所述空气蓄热室内分别具有由格子砖堆砌的蓄热体，其中，所述格子砖的孔径为10～100毫米。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述熔池处的所述熔分炉本体由多层耐侵蚀的耐火砖堆砌而成，并且所述熔池处的耐火砖***设置有钢制炉壳，且位于所述熔池处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却装置，
    其中，位于所述熔池侧壁处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却壁，位于所述熔池底部的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有水冷管或风冷管。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙、后端墙、侧墙和炉顶分别独立地由具有耐气体冲刷、耐高温和保温性能的耐火砖堆砌而成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的熔分炉，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙为弧形端墙。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，进一步包括：
    料仓；以及
    加料装置，所述加料装置分别与所述料仓和所述进料口相连。
  9. 一种利用权利要求1-8任一项所述的熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，其特征在，包括：
    分别向每对所述第一蓄热式燃烧器和所述第二蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料，以便对所述熔分空间进行加热，其中，所述燃烧物料包括燃气和空气；以及
    将所述待熔分物料从所述进料口供给至所述熔分空间中，以便使得所述待熔分物料依次经过所述进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区进行熔化和分离处理，从而得到金属熔液和熔渣，并将所述金属熔液从所述出料口排出，将所述熔渣从所述出渣口排出。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，所述分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。
PCT/CN2015/086683 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法 WO2017024535A1 (zh)

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