WO2017020821A1 - 一种自润滑织物及其生产方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种自润滑织物及其生产方法和用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017020821A1
WO2017020821A1 PCT/CN2016/092984 CN2016092984W WO2017020821A1 WO 2017020821 A1 WO2017020821 A1 WO 2017020821A1 CN 2016092984 W CN2016092984 W CN 2016092984W WO 2017020821 A1 WO2017020821 A1 WO 2017020821A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
yarn
fabric
self
lubricating
yarns
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/092984
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张尤娟
纪舜卿
贺俊淇
Original Assignee
东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司
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Application filed by 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 filed Critical 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司
Priority to US15/749,673 priority Critical patent/US10302130B2/en
Priority to JP2018505428A priority patent/JP7017142B2/ja
Priority to EP16832309.5A priority patent/EP3333289B1/en
Priority to CN201680042045.2A priority patent/CN107849759B/zh
Publication of WO2017020821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017020821A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D10B2321/042—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons polymers of fluorinated hydrocarbons, e.g. polytetrafluoroethene [PTFE]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0114—Dissimilar front and back faces with one or more yarns appearing predominantly on one face, e.g. plated or paralleled yarns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30—Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32—Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30—Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/34—Polyvinylidenefluoride [PVDF]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/911—Cooling or heating including fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49647—Plain bearing
    • Y10T29/49668—Sleeve or bushing making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-lubricating fabric and a method and use thereof.
  • a self-lubricating composite material gasket for a bearing and a method for preparing the same are disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN102535167A, which is a fiber woven fabric woven from a PTFE fiber and at least one other fiber.
  • the surface of the fiber woven fabric is coated with an impregnating material.
  • the impregnating material can function to reduce friction and wear, the impregnating material is applied to the entire fiber fabric and the coating-rolling processing method causes the surface of the PTFE fiber to be impregnated with the resin, which not only affects the self-lubrication.
  • a sliding surface material and a multi-layer sliding member having the sliding surface material formed by infiltrating a phenolic resin into a reinforcing substrate formed of a woven fabric, and the woven fabric is disclosed.
  • a plied yarn obtained by juxtending and twisting a single twisted yarn of a fluorine-containing resin fiber and a single twisted yarn of a polyester fiber is formed as a warp yarn and a weft yarn.
  • the reinforcing substrate of the sliding surface material uses a single twisted yarn of a fluororesin fiber having a diameter equivalent.
  • the single twisted yarn of the ester fiber is formed by juxtaposition and twisting, so that the fluorine-containing resin fiber and the polyester fiber are exposed at almost equal area ratio on one side of the material. Then, due to the low proportion of the fluorine-containing resin fiber in the sliding surface, the self-lubricating property of the sliding surface material is directly affected, and the local temperature rises too rapidly during the friction to accelerate the wear of the sliding member.
  • a belt type belt having a PTFE fiber and/or a PTFE fiber layer containing a reinforced fabric structure composed of heat-resistant fibers is disposed.
  • the object when the object is transported, although it has good peelability, excellent heat resistance, and elongation resistance, in order to achieve the above effects, it is necessary to adopt a structure of a core sheath yarn and a method of two-layer fabric structure.
  • PTFE fiber is used as the sheath yarn
  • heat-resistant fiber is used as the core yarn
  • the core-sheath yarn is used as the surface warp yarn for weaving, and the obtained fabric is too thick, and the overall shape change of the fabric is changed by external force. Large, dimensional stability is worse.
  • the core yarn and the sheath yarn slip due to external force, which tends to cause the core yarn to be exposed, and the conveyor belt belt is transported with the object to be carried. Adhesion causes product failure.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a self-lubricating fabric which has a low friction coefficient, is excellent in abrasion resistance, and has high bonding strength.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a self-lubricating fabric which is simple in production process, low in cost, and free from environmental pollution.
  • the constitution of the present invention is as follows:
  • the warp or weft yarn forming the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is a composite yarn formed of a fluororesin yarn and other yarns, and the ratio of the surface area of the other yarns on one side of the fabric to the total surface area of the composite yarn is 0-30. %, the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter of the other yarns in the composite yarn to the fluororesin yarn is 0.12 to 0.80.
  • the exposed length of the other yarn in the self-lubricating surface of the woven fabric of the above (1) is 2.5 mm or less.
  • the surface area of the other yarns on one side of the self-lubricating fabric of the above (2) accounts for the total surface area of the composite yarn
  • the ratio is 2 to 30%, and the exposed length of the other yarns in the self-lubricating surface of the fabric is 0.1 to 2.5 mm.
  • the fluorocarbon resin yarn in the self-lubricating fabric of the above (1) is polytetrafluoroethylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, poly3 A yarn formed of any one of fluorovinyl chloride resins.
  • the total fineness of the other yarns in the composite yarn in the self-lubricating fabric of the above (1) is 5 to 300 dtex.
  • the twist of the composite yarn in the self-lubricating fabric of the above (1) is from 100 to 500 T/m.
  • the self-lubricating fabric of the above (1) has a compression modulus of 85 to 95%.
  • the self-lubricating fabric of the above (1) has a shear rigidity of 5 to 15 gf/cm ⁇ deg.
  • the self-lubricating fabric of the above (1) has a continuous abrasion time of from 100 to 400 hours.
  • the invention has the advantages that the self-lubricating fabric of the invention has the characteristics of low friction coefficient, excellent wear resistance and high bonding strength, and has the characteristics of simple production process, low cost and no pollution to the environment.
  • the low friction coefficient fabric is applied to mechanical moving parts.
  • the self-lubricating fabric can be specifically applied to various heavy-duty low-speed, medium-load medium speed, light-load high-speed and the like. Working conditions, especially in extreme conditions such as high temperature or low temperature, dust or liquid.
  • the warp or weft yarn forming the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is a composite yarn formed of a fluororesin yarn and other yarns, and the surface area of the other yarns in the composite yarn of the surface or the reverse side of the fabric accounts for 0% of the total surface area of the composite yarn. ⁇ 30%, the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter of the other yarns in the composite yarn to the fluororesin yarn is 0.12 to 0.80. If the warp and weft of the self-lubricating fabric are both fluorocarbon resin yarns, the formed self-lubricating fabric exhibits a fabric layer composed of fluororesin yarn on both sides.
  • the fluororesin yarn Since the self-lubricating fabric needs to be pasted between the self-lubricating fabric and the mechanical moving component during use, the fluororesin yarn has a low surface energy and a poor bonding strength with the adhesive, especially when rubbed by an external force. It is easy to cause peeling and peeling of the self-lubricating fabric from the bonding of the mechanical parts, thereby causing the self-lubricating fabric to fail.
  • the warp and weft of the self-lubricating fabric are made of other yarns other than fluororesin, for example, the warp and weft yarns are all other yarns such as polyphenylene sulfide yarn or cotton yarn, and the self-lubricating fabric formed on both sides is made of fluorine.
  • the self-lubricating fabric needs to be rubbed with the dual surface during use, the yarn other than the fluorocarbon resin has a high friction coefficient and cannot form a self-lubricating layer which can reduce the grinding effect on the surface of the friction pair surface.
  • the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating fabric and the dual surface becomes large, and the friction portion is heated sharply, which accelerates the wear of the fabric until the self-lubricating fabric fails.
  • one side of the fabric is a self-lubricating fabric
  • a friction surface if the ratio of the surface area of the other yarns on one side (friction surface) of the fabric to the total surface area of the composite yarn is more than 30%, that is, the fluorine surface as the friction surface The proportion of the resin yarn is lowered.
  • the frictional wear of the fabric is deteriorated due to the external force, and the self-lubricating property of the fabric is deteriorated, and the friction coefficient is increased, resulting in increased wear of the self-lubricating fabric and even damage of the bearing.
  • S 1 is the surface area of the fluororesin yarn
  • S 2 is the other yarn The surface area of the wire.
  • the surface of the composite yarn is completely covered by the fluorocarbon resin yarn, and when used as a self-lubricating surface, the friction is relatively continuous during the frictional movement of the pair of materials.
  • the fluororesin yarn is more likely to form a continuous and uniform fluorinated film layer under the action of friction, and uniformly covers the other yarns and the underlying yarn in the composite yarn, thereby effectively protecting other yarns and the underlying yarn.
  • the phenomenon of wear due to external force plays a better reinforcing role, so that the fabric of the present invention can achieve a self-lubricating effect of excellent wear resistance and low friction coefficient.
  • the outer layer is completely covered, the outer layer is obtained.
  • the fluorocarbon resin yarn needs to be subjected to false twist deformation processing and laminated and wound on the surface of the core yarn.
  • the fluffy fluororesin yarn of the outer layer is intensified in friction with the machine during warping and weaving, and the fluorine resin yarn is easily caused to fluff, resulting in unclear opening on the cloth surface.
  • the yarn is bouncing and the fluffing is serious, the yarn breakage may occur, resulting in the inability to weave.
  • the core yarn When the core yarn is used as the weft yarn, it is rubbed with the yarn guide hook and the weft feeder, and some of the monofilament is not easily stressed when weaving. In the cloth surface, the weft yarn slacks and other defects occur. Moreover, the woven fabric obtained by using the core-spun yarn floats on the self-lubricating surface of the fabric to form a coil structure, resulting in a non-smooth self-lubricating surface, an increased frictional force, and an increase in wear.
  • the ratio of the surface area of the other yarn to the total surface area of the composite yarn is preferably 2 to 30%, more preferably 5 to 30%. .
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter of the other yarn and the fluororesin yarn constituting the composite yarn of the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is from 0.12 to 0.80. Due to the consideration of other yarns with higher density, it is more suitable to use the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter to measure the thickness relationship between other yarns and the fluororesin yarn. According to the calculation method of the fiber cross-sectional diameter, under the same fineness condition, the high-density glass fiber has a cross-sectional diameter smaller than other fibers of ordinary density.
  • a glass fiber having a fineness of 400 dtex has a density of usually 2.4 to 2.7 g/cm 3 and a cross-sectional diameter of 137 to 145 ⁇ m; and a fine fiber having a fineness of 440 dtex, the density of which is 1.38 g/cm 3 , and the cross-sectional diameter is 192 ⁇ m, about 40% higher than the cross-sectional diameter of the glass fiber. Therefore, in the case of a high-density fiber such as glass fiber, the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter of the other yarn and the fluororesin yarn in the composite yarn is 0.12 to 0.80, preferably 0.20 to 0.70.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter of the other yarns in the composite yarn to the fluororesin yarn is less than 0.12, the strength of the fabric obtained is too low, and the strong reinforcing effect of the fluororesin yarn in the self-lubricating fabric is deteriorated, resulting in poor The overall wear resistance of the self-lubricating fabric is deteriorated; if the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter of the other yarns in the composite yarn to the fluororesin yarn is higher than 0.80, the surface area of the other yarns is compounded after being compounded with the fluororesin yarn. The surface area occupied by the yarn becomes large, which causes the friction coefficient of the fluororesin yarn layer to become large, which causes the wear of the self-lubricating fabric to be intensified, and even the bearing is damaged.
  • the exposed length of the other yarns in the self-lubricating surface constituting the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is 2.5 mm or less.
  • the exposed length of other yarns in the self-lubricating surface of the self-lubricating fabric is less than 2.5 mm, when the self-lubricating surface and the frictional dual surface act, the fluororesin yarn is squeezed and extended by the external force, and the broken fluorine is broken. Part of the swarf is squeezed into the interstitial space of the self-lubricating fabric, and the other part is uniformly covered on the friction surface with the action of external force, and also covers the surface of other exposed yarns to form a fluorocarbon film.
  • the layer and the fluorocarbon film layer are also transferred to the frictional pair surface, and actually become the friction between the fluorine film layers, thereby achieving an excellent effect of low friction coefficient and long abrasion time during the rubbing process.
  • the exposed length of the other yarn is more than 2.5 mm, the relative length of the other yarns as the friction surface is increased, that is, the relative length of the fluororesin yarn as the friction surface is lowered, thereby affecting the fluorocarbon resin on the friction surface of the self-lubricating fabric.
  • the film-forming property of the yarn is difficult to form a continuous fluorine film on other yarn surfaces, resulting in the self-lubricating fabric being applied to moving parts such as bearings.
  • the exposed length of the other yarns is preferably from 0.1 to 2.5 mm, more preferably from 0.2 to 2 mm.
  • the fluororesin yarn of the present invention is obtained by dispersing a fluorocarbon resin particle in a cellulose solution, and the resulting mixed liquid is subjected to wet spinning, followed by sintering and stretching to finally obtain a fluorocarbon resin yarn.
  • the fluororesin yarn obtained by wet spinning has a uniform circular cross section, small deviation of fineness, and more uniform mechanical properties, and Durable and high elongation, it is very suitable for weaving self-lubricating fabrics.
  • the fluororesin yarn obtained by the membrane cracking method has an irregular polygonal cross section, extremely poor uniformity of the fineness, and low elongation.
  • the fluorocarbon resin yarn obtained by the membrane cracking method is used as a self-lubricating fabric, since the surface energy is too low, the adhesion fastness to the components such as the adhesive and the metal is extremely poor, and it is easily peeled off by the external force, resulting in failure to be normal. use.
  • the fluorocarbon resin yarn obtained by wet spinning is used in a self-lubricating fabric. When the fluorocarbon resin yarn is rubbed by an external force, the fluorocarbon resin yarn of the friction surface is fibrillated, and is generated by friction of external force.
  • Fluorine fiber chips can form a uniform and dense fluorine film, and by force extrusion, a uniform fluorine transfer film can be formed on the friction pair surface to realize the relative motion of the self-lubricating fabric and the frictional dual surface at a low friction coefficient. In order to achieve oil-free self-lubricating effect.
  • the fluorocarbon resin yarn in the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyperfluoroethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene-four.
  • the fluororesin yarn is preferably a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yarn or a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA) yarn, and more preferably a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yarn.
  • the other yarns in the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention are any one of polyester, para-aramid, meta-aramid, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polybenzimidazole (PBI), and glass fiber.
  • the composite processing of the above fiber and the fluororesin yarn can be used to obtain the self-lubricating fabric of the invention not only has good mechanical properties, but also has a low friction coefficient, and the production process is simple, and the production cost can be effectively reduced.
  • the other fibers are preferably polyester, meta-aramid, polyimide, or glass fiber.
  • the meta-aramid the full name "poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide", is called aramid 1313 in China.
  • the meta-aramid has excellent heat resistance, can be used at 220 ° C for a long time without aging, and has excellent dimensional stability.
  • the heat shrinkage rate is only 1% at 250 ° C, and is exposed to 300 ° C for a short time. It will not shrink, embrittle, soften or melt, and will start to decompose at over 370 ° C, with fluorinated trees. After the composite processing of the fat yarn, it is not easy to be deformed at high temperature, and the service life of the self-lubricating fabric is effectively prolonged.
  • the total fineness of the other yarns in the composite yarn constituting the self-lubricating woven fabric of the present invention is 5 to 300 dtex, preferably 20 to 250 dtex, and more preferably 40 to 200 dtex. If the fineness of other yarns in the composite yarn is too low, the strength of the resulting fabric will be too low, and the strength enhancement effect of the fluororesin yarn in the self-lubricating fabric will be poor, resulting in wear resistance of the self-lubricating fabric as a whole. If the fineness of other yarns in the composite yarn is too high, after compounding with the fluororesin yarn, the surface area of the other yarns becomes larger in the composite yarn, resulting in friction of the fluororesin yarn layer. The coefficient becomes larger. During use, wear with mechanically moving parts increases, resulting in a shorter overall life of the self-lubricating fabric.
  • the composite yarn of the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention has a twist of 100 to 500 T/m. If the twist of the composite yarn is too low, the coating effect of the fluororesin yarn on the other yarn in the composite yarn is deteriorated, and the prepared self-lubricating fabric is significantly reduced in slidability when used, in contact with the mechanical moving member. The frictional resistance becomes large, the self-lubricating effect is lost, and the mechanical moving parts are not well operated; if the twist of the composite yarn is too high, the composite yarn is prone to shrinkage during warping and weaving, and is outside the composite yarn in the fabric.
  • the fluorocarbon resin yarn is prone to distortion, and when it is rubbed against external force, the force is concentrated, the shear resistance is deteriorated, and when it acts against the frictional pair, the friction is prone to increase, resulting in accelerated wear and even failure of the self-lubricating fabric.
  • the twist of the composite yarn in the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is preferably from 100 to 400 T/m, more preferably from 150 to 300 T/m, still more preferably from 200 to 300 T/m, in view of the production performance of the fabric and the abrasion resistance of the fabric.
  • the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention has a compression modulus of 85 to 95%.
  • the compressive modulus of the self-lubricating fabric is too low, the thickness variation of the fabric is intensified, resulting in an increase in the clearance between the self-lubricating fabric and the mechanical component, and the mechanical moving component
  • the force is increased and the eccentric load occurs, resulting in a rapid increase in local wear of the self-lubricating fabric until failure; if the compressive modulus of the self-lubricating fabric is too high, the fluffiness of the fabric is too good, resulting in a fabric layer deviation. Thick, it is easy to be crushed and deformed by a large external force, and the matching gap between the self-lubricating fabric and the mechanical component is increased, which tends to cause the wear of the self-lubricating fabric to increase, resulting in component failure.
  • the shear stiffness of the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is 5 to 15 gf/cm ⁇ deg.
  • the self-lubricating fabric may be damaged or peeled off from the metal bonding surface, resulting in damage to the mechanical moving parts; If the shear rigidity of the lubricated fabric is too high, the rigidity of the fabric is too large, and it is easy to cause the self-wetting fabric to be easily bent during the post-processing, and it is difficult to fit the mechanical moving parts, which causes inconvenience to the processing.
  • the absolute difference between the warp dynamic friction coefficient and the latitudinal dynamic friction coefficient of the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is 0 to 0.05. Since the self-lubricating fabric has various angles of friction with the frictional dual surface during use, the self-lubricating fabric is required to have relatively uniform friction characteristics. If the absolute difference between the warp dynamic friction coefficient and the latitudinal dynamic friction coefficient of the self-lubricating fabric is too large, the friction coefficient will fluctuate greatly during the friction process, which is not conducive to the long-term stable operation of the mechanical moving parts, and also easily leads to self-lubrication. The fabric is severely worn in the direction of relatively large friction coefficient, which causes the deviation of the working gap of each part of the component to become large, and the eccentric load occurs, causing component damage.
  • the continuous abrasion time of the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is from 100 to 400 hours.
  • the method for producing a self-lubricating fabric of the present invention comprises a raw yarn-parallel-twisting-warping-weaving-post-processing, and the specific steps are as follows: (a) using a fluororesin yarn and aligning with other yarns, wherein The difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the other yarn and the fluororesin yarn is 0.5 to 30%; (b) the fluororesin yarn and other yarns under the condition of a twist of 50 to 600 T/m The yarn is twisted in the same direction to obtain the composite yarn; (c) the composite yarn is used as warp or weft, and the fabric is obtained by warping and weaving; (d) the obtained fabric is refined and washed. Drying and post-processing of heat setting at 180-210 °C, finally obtaining the finished product.
  • the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the other yarn and the fluororesin yarn is less than 0.5%, the other fabric woven by the composite yarn after heat setting, due to the shrinkage rate, The shrinkage of the PTFE yarn is too close, resulting in a larger proportion of other yarns exposed in the composite yarn, resulting in an increase in the coefficient of friction of one side of the fabric, affecting the self-lubricating properties of the fabric during use; If the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the yarn and the fluororesin yarn is more than 30%, the fabric obtained by weaving the composite yarn is heat-set, and the other yarns in the fabric are excessively shrinkage, resulting in the composite yarn.
  • the fluororesin yarn forms a convex floating length on the surface of the fabric, which affects the smoothness of the surface of the fabric, and also causes excessive damage due to the severe shrinkage of other yarns, thereby affecting the overall wear resistance of the self-lubricating fabric. Therefore, considering the self-lubricity and wear resistance of the final product, the dry heat of the other yarn and the fluororesin yarn
  • the difference in shrinkage ratio is preferably from 0.5 to 20%, more preferably from 0.5 to 10%.
  • the heat setting temperature is selected to be 180-210 ° C, so that the internal stress generated in the weaving process of the fabric can be eliminated, thereby realizing the effect of small dimensional change and stable shape when the fabric is used under the conditions of the temperature. If the heat setting temperature is lower than 180 ° C, the fabric will generate high temperature due to friction during use, which will easily cause shrinkage of the fabric, resulting in dimensional changes, even peeling and peeling; and the heat setting temperature is lower than 210 ° C, thereby affecting The wear resistance of the self-lubricating fabric as a whole.
  • the fabric was sampled, and the self-lubricating surface of the composite yarn containing the composite yarn was observed by a digital microscope.
  • the length of both ends of the other yarns in the composite yarn was tested under the condition of magnification of 50 times, and the average value of the lengths of the two ends of the other groups of 200 yarns was calculated as The exposed length of the other yarns in the fabric was calculated.
  • a cross-sectional sample of the fluororesin yarn was obtained by a copper plate method, and the yarn cross section was observed by an optical microscope.
  • the composite yarn of 50 cm length was tested by the twisting and twisting method, and five sets of samples were continuously measured, and the average value of the test results was taken 5 times as the final twist test result of the composite yarn sample.
  • the sample thickness T 1 at 100 gf was measured in a standard mode, and then pressurized to 600 gf, and the thickness T 2 was measured after being left for one minute, and then the pressure was removed for one minute, and then measured again.
  • the sample thickness T 3 at a pressure of 100 gf is accurate to 0.01 mm.
  • the compression modulus (%) (T 3 - T 2 ) / (T 1 - T 2 ) ⁇ 100%.
  • Gf an inclination of 0.5° to 5°
  • Gb inclination of -5° to -0.5°.
  • the test was carried out on a friction coefficient tester (model: manufactured by IT-RC INTEC).
  • the specific test method is as follows: a 50 mm ⁇ 150 mm sample is attached to the friction table, and a SUS304BA metal plate is used as the friction partner. A weight of 250 g weight was applied to the rubbing table and tested at a speed of 50 mm/min. Five sets of data of the warp sample and the weft direction sample were respectively measured, and the average value of the test results of five times was taken as the final test result of the sample.
  • the formula for calculating the friction coefficient is as follows:
  • N Normal pressure (N) on the sample.
  • the test was carried out on an abrasion tester in accordance with the test standard of JIS K7218.
  • the specific test method is as follows: a fabric sample having a diameter of 70 mm is fixed on a sample stage of an abrasion tester, and the friction pair of the sample is a hollow metal ring having a surface average roughness of 0.03 to 0.05 ⁇ m, and the ring and the test
  • the effective contact area was 600 mm 2 and the test load was set to 12000 N, and the test was carried out at a speed of 40 rpm (linear speed of about 3 m/min). Five sets of data were measured, and the average of five test results was taken as the final test result of the sample.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the polytetrafluoroethylene filament and the polyester filament through the parallel thread, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 9.5%, in the twist Under the condition of 210T/m, the composite yarn is obtained by twisting the same direction as the unwinding direction of the polyester filament and the PTFE filament; the weft yarn is a polyester yarn having a fineness of 26s/2 (454dtex).
  • the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a gray fabric with a satin weave, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 190 ° C.
  • the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2° C. and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts polyphenylene sulfide filament with a fineness of 220 dtex; the weft yarn adopts a circular cross section of soluble polytetrafluoroethylene filament and a polyphenylene sulfide filament through a parallel line, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide filament and the polytetrazide
  • the difference of the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the fluoroethylene filaments is 6.2%, and the twisted yarn is twisted in the same direction as the yarn unwinding direction to obtain a composite yarn under the condition of a twist of 200 T/m;
  • the weft yarn is weaved by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a weft-dyed fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, washing, drying, and post-processing at 200 ° C to obtain the self-process of the present invention.
  • the fabric is lubricated, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the PTFE filament and the meta-aramid yarn to pass through the line, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the meta-aramid yarn and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 0.6. %, under the condition of a twist of 260T/m, the same direction as the meta-aramid yarn and the PTFE filament unwinding direction is twisted Composite yarn; weft yarn is made of meta-aramid yarn with a fineness of 40s (147dtex), and the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and rapier weaving machine to obtain a fabric with a twill weave.
  • the grey fabric is refined, washed, dried, and subjected to heat setting treatment at 210 ° C to finally obtain the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention, and the obtained fabric is placed in an environment of temperature 20 ⁇ 2° C. and humidity 65 ⁇ 4%. Humidity treatment.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a glass fiber filament having a fineness of 220 dtex; the weft yarn adopts a circular cross section of polyvinylidene fluoride filament and a glass fiber filament through a parallel line, and the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the glass fiber filament and the polyvinylidene fluoride filament The difference is 1.2%, and the twisted yarn is twisted in the same direction as the glass fiber filament and the polyvinylidene fluoride filament in the twisting degree of 140T/m to obtain a composite yarn;
  • the weft yarn is weaved by warping and rapier weaving machine to obtain a weft-dyed fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 200 ° C to finally obtain the self-lubricating of the present invention.
  • the prepared fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%. The properties of the fabric were evaluated and are
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the perfluoroethylene propylene filament and the polyester filament through the parallel line, and the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polyfluoroethylene propylene filament is 12.4%.
  • the same direction as the above-mentioned yarn unwinding direction is twisted to obtain a composite yarn;
  • the weft yarn is made of polyester filament with a fineness of 240 dtex, and the warp and weft yarns obtained above are passed through warping.
  • the warp yarn adopts a para-aramid filament having a fineness of 220 dtex; the weft yarn adopts a circular cross-section of an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer filament and a para-aramid filament through a doubling line, the para-aramid filament and ethylene-
  • the difference in dry heat shrinkage of the tetrafluoroethylene copolymer filament is 3.8%, and the twisting direction of the filament of the para-aramid filament and the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is the same under the condition of a twist of 80 T/m.
  • the twisted yarn is twisted to obtain a composite yarn; the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a weft-dyed fabric, and the obtained fabric is refined, washed, and dried. After processing at 190 ° C, the heat treatment is finalized.
  • the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%. The properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the PTFE filament and the meta-aramid yarn through the parallel line, and the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the meta-aramid yarn and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 0.9%.
  • the weft yarn is a meta-aramid yarn having a fineness of 60s (98 dtex), and the above-mentioned prepared warp yarn is obtained.
  • the weft yarn is weaved by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a weft-dyed fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, washing, drying, and post-processing at 200 ° C to obtain the self-process of the present invention.
  • the fabric is lubricated, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a polyimide yarn having a fineness of 40 s (147 dtex); the weft yarn adopts a circular cross section of polytetrafluoroethylene filament and a polyimide yarn through a doubling line, the polyimide yarn and the poly four
  • the difference in dry heat shrinkage ratio of the fluoroethylene filament is 2.1%, and the twisted yarn is twisted in the same direction as the yarn unwinding direction to obtain a composite yarn under the condition of a twist of 250 T/m;
  • the weft yarn is weaved by warping and using a rapier loom to obtain a weft-dyed fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 210 ° C to finally obtain the present invention.
  • the self-lubricating fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%. The properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the polytetrafluoroethylene filament and the polyester filament to pass through the line, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 28.5%, in the twist Under the condition of 180T/m, the composite yarn is obtained by twisting the same direction as the unwinding direction of the polyester filament and the PTFE filament; the weft yarn is a polyester yarn having a fineness of 52s/4 (454dtex).
  • the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and rapier weaving machine to obtain a twill weave fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 190 ° C, Finally, the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the polytetrafluoroethylene filament and the polyester filament to pass through the line, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 5.0%, in the twist Under the condition of 400T/m, the composite yarn is twisted with the same twist direction as the polyester filament and the PTFE filament unwinding direction; the weft yarn is a polyester yarn with a fineness of 26s/2 (454dtex).
  • the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a gray fabric with a satin weave, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 190 ° C.
  • the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2° C. and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of polytetrafluoroethylene filament and a polyphenylene sulfide filament to pass through a line, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 3.1.
  • the polyphenylene sulfide yarn is obtained by weaving the warp and weft yarns obtained by the above-mentioned weaving and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a gray fabric with a satin weave, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, washing, drying, and 200.
  • the post-processing of the heat setting treatment at ° C finally obtains the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of PTFE filament and a meta-aramid yarn to pass through a line, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the meta-aramid yarn and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 2.6.
  • the meta-aramid yarn is obtained by weaving the warp and weft yarns obtained above by warping and using a rapier loom to obtain a warp-knitted fabric, and the obtained fabric is refined, washed, dried, and 210 ° C.
  • the post-processing of the heat setting treatment finally obtains the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2° C. and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • Table 1 The properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of polytetrafluoroethylene filament and a polyester filament through which the polyester is passed, wherein the polyester
  • the difference between the dry heat shrinkage rate of the filament and the PTFE filament is 8.2%, and the twist direction of the filament of the polyester filament and the PTFE filament is the same under the condition of the twist of 120T/m.
  • the composite yarn is obtained by twisting; the weft yarn is made of a polyester yarn having a fineness of 21s/2 (562dtex), and the warp and weft yarns obtained by the above-mentioned warp and weft yarn are weaved by warping and using a rapier loom to obtain a warp-knitted fabric.
  • the prepared grey fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and post-processing at 180 ° C to obtain a self-lubricating fabric of the present invention, and the obtained fabric is placed at a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2° C. and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the humidity treatment is carried out under the environment.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of polytetrafluoroethylene filament and a polyester filament to pass through a line, wherein the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 7.5%, in the twist Under the condition of 550T/m, the composite yarn is twisted with the same twist direction as the polyester filament and the PTFE filament unwinding direction; the weft yarn is a polyester yarn with a fineness of 26s/2 (454dtex).
  • the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and rapier weaving machine to obtain a twill weave fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 190 ° C, Finally, the self-lubricating fabric of the present invention is obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 1.
  • the self-lubricating fabrics obtained in Examples 1 to 14 can be applied to mechanical moving parts.
  • the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament obtained by the film splitting method is that the polytetrafluoroethylene filament having an irregular polygon and the polyester filament are passed through a parallel line. 2.1%, under the condition of 230T/m, the same direction as the polyester filament and the PTFE filament unwinding direction is twisted to obtain the composite yarn; the weft yarn adopts the polyester filament with the fineness of 220dtex.
  • the warp and weft yarns obtained above are weaved by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a fabric having a twill weave, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 200 ° C, The fabric is finally obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 2.
  • Both the warp yarn and the weft yarn are made of a circular cross-section of polytetrafluoroethylene filaments, which are woven by a rapier loom to obtain a plain weave. And the obtained grey fabric is refined, washed, dried, and heat-set at 210 ° C. After processing, the fabric is finally obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment under the environment of temperature 20 ⁇ 2° C. and humidity 65 ⁇ 4%. The properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 2.
  • the warp yarn adopts the para-aramid filament
  • the weft yarn is made of the irregular polygonal PTFE filament obtained by the film splitting method, and is woven by the rapier loom to obtain the weft satin fabric.
  • the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 200 ° C, and finally the fabric is obtained, and the obtained fabric is placed in an environment of temperature 20 ⁇ 2° C. and humidity 65 ⁇ 4%. Wet treatment.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 2.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the polytetrafluoroethylene filament and the polyester filament through the parallel thread, and the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyester filament and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 37.5%, and the twist is 200T.
  • the composite yarn is obtained by twisting in the opposite direction to the unwinding direction of the polyester filament and the PTFE filament;
  • the weft yarn is a polyester filament having a fineness of 220 dtex, and the above-mentioned warp,
  • the weft yarn is weaved by warping and using a rapier loom to obtain a plain weave fabric, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, water washing, drying, and heat setting treatment at 180 ° C to finally obtain a fabric, and the obtained fabric is obtained.
  • the humidity control treatment is carried out in an environment of a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C and a humidity of 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 2.
  • the warp yarn adopts a circular cross section of the PTFE filament and the polyphenylene sulfide yarn through the parallel line, and the difference between the dry heat shrinkage ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide yarn and the polytetrafluoroethylene filament is 2.5%.
  • the twisted direction opposite to the unwinding direction of polyester filament and polytetrafluoroethylene filament is twisted to obtain composite yarn;
  • the weft yarn is 20S/2 (590.5dtex) polyphenylene sulfide
  • the warp and weft yarns obtained above are woven by warping and weaving with a rapier loom to obtain a gray fabric with a satin weave, and the obtained fabric is subjected to refining, washing, drying, and heat setting at 180 ° C.
  • the fabric is finally obtained, and the obtained fabric is subjected to humidity conditioning treatment under the environment of temperature 20 ⁇ 2° C. and humidity 65 ⁇ 4%.
  • the properties of the fabric were evaluated and are shown in Table 2.

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Abstract

一种自润滑织物及其生产方法和用途，形成该织物的经纱或纬纱为由氟素树脂纱线与其他纱线形成的复合纱，该织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为0～30%，所述复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例为0.12～0.80。所述自润滑织物具有摩擦系数低、耐磨损性能优异、贴合强度高的特点，而且还具有生产工艺简单、成本低、对环境无污染的特点。所述织物应用于机械运动部件，特别是应用于低速度、高载荷以及高温或低温的环境下。

Description

一种自润滑织物及其生产方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自润滑织物及其生产方法和用途。
背景技术
目前，传统的使用润滑油或润滑脂实现运转的轴承在某些特定使用场合具有较大的局限性，比如水下作业的轴承，在加油保养、维护等方面非常困难。另外，将传统的润滑油或润滑脂用于生产食品、医药等的设备中，就会对产品极易造成污染，从而导致产品不合格。此外，在高粉尘浓度环境下使用的机械设备，如工矿企业的某些设备需要在极为恶劣的工况下运行，采用传统的润滑方式对机械设备的正常使用带来很多问题，导致运动部件发生严重的摩擦磨损，甚至引起部件损坏、失效。因此，很有必要开发出一种取代传统润滑油、润滑脂的自润滑织物，应用于机械运动部件。
随着科学技术的飞速发展，人们相继开发出了一种采用纯聚四氟乙烯树脂作为压制面，应用于无油润滑轴承中。然而，在实际使用过程中，由于聚四氟乙烯具有非常低的表面能，与金属底层材料的结合力较差，使用时聚四氟乙烯层容易发生剥落，并且由于聚四氟乙烯树脂具有冷流的缺点，在外力作用下，会发生不可逆的形变，从而导致采用聚四氟乙烯树脂作为自润滑材质的轴承在使用时，聚四氟乙烯树脂层很容易被磨穿。特别是在载荷较高的工况下，更易导致轴承出现破裂的现象，甚至会威胁到作业人员的生命安全。
如中国公开专利CN102535167A中公开了一种轴承用自润滑复合材料衬垫及其制备方法，该自润滑复合材料衬垫是由一种PTFE纤维和至少一种其他纤维编织而成的纤维交织物，在纤维交织物的表面包覆有浸渍材料。虽然浸渍材料可以起到降低摩擦和磨损的作用，但是在整个纤维交织物上涂敷浸渍材料，并采用涂敷-辊轧的加工方法，导致PTFE纤维表面浸渍了树脂，这样不仅影响其自润滑性能，而且该浸渍材料中含有的二硫化钼、纳米氧化铝、氟素树脂超细粉成分难以均匀分布在纤维交织物中，导致该自润滑复合材料衬垫的耐磨耗性不稳定，从而影响轴承的长期稳定使用。
又如中国公开专利CN102597073A中公开了一种滑动面材料及具有该滑动面材料的多层滑动部件，该滑动面材料是由酚醛树脂浸渗到编织织物形成的加强基底中形成，且该编织织物是由含氟树脂纤维的单捻纱与聚酯纤维的单捻纱并列、加捻得到的合股纱作为经纱和纬纱而形成。该发明虽然实现了在水中等湿润环境下的低溶胀性和相同条件下的摩擦磨损特性，但该滑动面材料的加强基底采用的纱线为直径相当的含氟树脂纤维的单捻纱与聚酯纤维的单捻纱并列、加捻制成的，导致在材料的一个面上含氟树脂纤维与聚酯纤维几乎以均等的面积比例露出。那么由于滑动面中含氟树脂纤维的比例较低，直接影响了该滑动面材料的自润滑性能，导致摩擦时局部升温过快，加速滑动部件的磨损。
再如日本专利文献特願昭62-79112中公开了一种传送带式皮带，该传送带式皮带的表面配置有PTFE纤维及/或PTFE纤维层含有耐热纤维构成的增强织物组织。该发明用于搬运对象物时，虽然具有良好的剥离性、优异的耐热性以及耐伸长性，但是为了达到以上效果，需要采用芯鞘纱的结构以及双层织物组织的方法，对于芯鞘纱结构来讲，以PTFE纤维作为鞘纱，以耐热性纤维作为芯纱，并且以该芯鞘纱作为表层经纱进行织造，所得织物厚度过高，在外力作用下，织物整体形变量变大，尺寸稳定性变差。另外，在织造中，表层经纱在整经、织造等过程中，由于外力作用而发生芯纱与鞘纱的滑移，易导致芯纱外露，传送带式皮带在搬运物体时，与被搬运物发生粘连，导致产品失效。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种摩擦系数低、耐磨损性能优异、贴合强度高的自润滑织物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种生产工艺简单、成本低、对环境无污染的自润滑织物的生产方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的构成如下：
(1)形成本发明自润滑织物的经纱或纬纱为由氟素树脂纱线与其他纱线形成的复合纱，该织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为0～30％，所述复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例为0.12～0.80。
(2)上述(1)的织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度在2.5mm以下。
(3)上述(2)的自润滑织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的 比例为2～30％，且该织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度为0.1～2.5mm。
(4)上述(2)～(3)中任一项的自润滑织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为5～30％，且该织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度为0.2～2mm。
(5)上述(1)的自润滑织物中氟素树脂纱线为聚四氟乙烯、可溶性聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚全氟乙丙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯树脂中的任意一种形成的纱线。
(6)上述(1)的自润滑织物中复合纱中其他纱线的总纤度为5～300dtex。
(7)上述(1)的自润滑织物中复合纱的捻度为100～500T/m。
(8)上述(1)的自润滑织物的压缩弹性率为85～95％。
(9)上述(1)的自润滑织物的剪切刚度为5～15gf/cm·deg。
(10)上述(1)的自润滑织物的经向动摩擦系数与纬向动摩擦系数的绝对差值为0～0.05。
(11)上述(1)的自润滑织物的连续磨耗时间为100～400小时。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的自润滑织物具有摩擦系数低、耐磨损性能优异、贴合强度高的特点，而且还具有生产工艺简单、成本低、对环境无污染的特点。该低摩擦系数织物应用于机械运动部件，根据复合纱中其他纱线的选择性使用，可以有针对性地将该自润滑织物应用于重载低速、中载中速、轻载高速等各种工况，特别是高温或者低温、粉尘或液体等极端工况中。
具体实施方式
形成本发明自润滑织物的经纱或纬纱为由氟素树脂纱线与其他纱线形成的复合纱，该织物的表面或反面的复合纱中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为0～30％，所述复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例为0.12～0.80。如果该自润滑织物的经、纬纱均采用氟素树脂纱线，那么所形成的自润滑织物两面均呈现由氟素树脂纱线组成的织物层。由于自润滑织物在使用过程中，需要将自润滑织物与机械运动部件进行粘贴加工，而氟素树脂纱线由于表面能低，与粘结剂的贴合强度差，尤其在受外力摩擦时，容易发生从机械部件的贴合处发生自润滑织物的剥离、脱落，从而导致自润滑织物失效。如果该自润滑织物的经、纬纱均采用氟素树脂以外的其他纱线，例如经、纬纱均采用聚苯硫醚 纱线或棉纱等其他纱线，所形成的自润滑织物两面均呈现由氟素树脂以外的纱线所组成的织物层。由于自润滑织物在使用过程中，需要与对偶面进行摩擦作用，而氟素树脂以外的纱线由于摩擦系数较高，且不能在摩擦对偶面表层形成可以起到减磨作用的自润滑层，导致自润滑织物与对偶面的摩擦系数变大，摩擦部分急剧升温，加速该织物的磨损，直至自润滑织物失效。上述织物的一面为自润滑织物作业时，作为摩擦面，如果该织物的一面(摩擦面)中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例高于30％的话，即作为摩擦面的氟素树脂纱线的比例降低，在应用于轴承时，由于受外力作用产生摩擦磨耗时，织物的自润滑性能变差，摩擦系数升高，导致自润滑织物磨损加剧，甚至轴承出现损坏。其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例的计算公式如下：S＝S2/(S1+S2)×100％，其中S1为氟素树脂纱线的表面积，S2为其他纱线的表面积。当复合纱采用细纤度的其他纱线作为增强纱、粗纤度的氟素树脂纱线作为自润滑性能的功能纱进行并捻加工时，就可以得到其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为0的复合纱。当其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为0％时，复合纱的表面被氟素树脂纱线全部覆盖，作为自润滑面使用时，与磨耗对偶材进行摩擦相对运动过程中，连续的氟素树脂纱线在摩擦力作用下，更容易形成连续且均一的氟素膜层，并且将复合纱中的其他纱线及底层纱线均匀覆盖，有效保护其他纱线及底层纱线不受外力作用而发生磨损的现象，起到更好的增强作用，从而使本发明的织物更能达到耐磨性优异、低摩擦系数的自润滑效果。而如果通过以其他纱线为芯纱、以氟素树脂纱线为鞘纱的加工方法所得到的芯鞘型复合纱或包覆纱的话，由于要达到将芯纱完全覆盖的效果，外层的氟素树脂纱线需要进行假捻变形加工，并在芯纱表层进行层叠缠绕。当该包芯纱作为经纱使用时，外层蓬松的氟素树脂纱线在整经、织造过程中与机械的摩擦加剧，极易引起氟素树脂纱线起毛，导致开口不清，在布面造成跳纱，起毛严重的地方甚至会发生断纱，导致无法织造；当该包芯纱作为纬纱使用时，经过与导纱钩及储纬器摩擦，引纬时容易发生部分单丝没有受力，在布面发生纬纱松弛等疵点。而且采用该包芯纱所得到的织物，由于氟素树脂纱线在织物自润滑面上浮起，形成线圈结构，导致自润滑面不平滑，摩擦力加大，引起磨损加剧。另外，考虑到复合纱在整经、织造等生产过程中由于退绕存在解捻等可能性，其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例优选为2～30％， 更优选5～30％。
构成本发明的自润滑织物的复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例为0.12～0.80。由于考虑到密度较大的其他纱线，更适合采用断面直径比例来衡量其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的粗细关系。根据纤维断面直径的计算方法，在同等纤度条件下，高密度的玻璃纤维，其断面直径会小于普通密度的其他纤维。例如，纤度为400dtex的玻璃纤维，其密度通常在2.4～2.7g/cm3，断面直径为137～145μm；而纤度同样为440dtex的聚酯纤维，其密度为1.38g/cm3，断面直径为192μm，比玻璃纤维的断面直径高出约40％。因此，对于玻璃纤维等高密度的纤维来讲，复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例为0.12～0.80，优选0.20～0.70。如果复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例低于0.12的话，制得织物的强力就会太低，对于自润滑织物中氟素树脂纱线的强力增强效果变差，导致自润滑织物整体的耐磨耗性变差；如果复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例高于0.80的话，与氟素树脂纱线复合后，其他纱线的表面积在复合纱中所占表面积变大，从而导致氟素树脂纱线层的摩擦系数变大，就会导致自润滑织物磨损加剧，甚至轴承出现损坏。
构成本发明的自润滑织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度在2.5mm以下。当自润滑织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度在2.5mm以下时，自润滑面与摩擦对偶面作用时，氟素树脂纱线由于受外力作用被挤压延伸，破碎的氟素碎屑一部分被挤压填入自润滑织物的组织空隙中，另一部分会随着外力的作用，均匀地覆盖在摩擦面上，同时也包括覆盖在露出的其他纱线表面上，从而形成氟素薄膜层，并且该氟素薄膜层还会向摩擦对偶面转移，实际上成为氟素薄膜层之间的摩擦，从而达到在摩擦过程过程摩擦系数低、磨耗时间长的优异效果。如果其他纱线的露出长度大于2.5mm的话，作为摩擦面的其他纱线的相对长度增高，即作为摩擦面的氟素树脂纱线的相对长度降低，从而影响自润滑织物摩擦面上氟素树脂纱线的成膜性能，其他纱线表面难以形成连续的氟素膜，导致该自润滑织物在应用于轴承等运动部件时，由于受外力作用产生摩擦磨耗时，摩擦系数变大，织物的自润滑性能变差，导致自润滑织物磨损加剧，甚至轴承等部件发生损坏。考虑到该复合纱在整经、织造等生产过程中存在退捻等可能性，其他纱线的露出长度优选为0.1～2.5mm，更优选0.2～2mm。
本发明的氟素树脂纱线是通过将氟素树脂颗粒分散在纤维素溶液中，将所得混合液体通过湿法纺丝，并经过烧结、拉伸，最终得到氟素树脂纱线。与采用膜裂法得到的断面为不均一多边形的氟素树脂纱线相比，通过湿法纺丝所得的氟素树脂纱线具有均一的圆形断面，纤度偏差小，力学性能更均匀，并且耐久性好，伸度较高，非常适合用于织造自润滑织物。而通过膜裂法得到的氟素树脂纱线，其断面为不规则的多边形，纤度均匀性极差，伸度过低，特别是织造高密度纺织品时，疵点多，织造困难。如果将膜裂法得到的氟素树脂纱线作为自润滑织物使用的话，由于表面能过低，通过粘结剂与金属等部件的粘贴牢度极差，受外力后极易剥落，导致无法正常使用。而本发明采用湿法纺丝得到的氟素树脂纱线用于自润滑织物中，当氟素树脂纱线受外力摩擦后，摩擦面氟素树脂纱线发生原纤化，因外力摩擦产生的氟素纤维碎屑能够形成均匀致密的氟素薄膜，并通过受力挤压，可以向摩擦对偶面形成均匀的氟素转移膜，实现自润滑织物与摩擦对偶面在低摩擦系数下的相对运动，从而达到无油自润滑的效果。
本发明的自润滑织物中氟素树脂纱线为聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、可溶性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)树脂中的任意一种形成的纱线。上述氟素树脂纱线优选聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纱线和可溶性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)纱线，进一步优选聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纱线。
本发明的自润滑织物中其他纱线为聚酯、对位芳纶、间位芳纶、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、玻璃纤维中的任意一种。采用以上任意一种纤维与氟素树脂纱线进行复合加工，制得本发明的自润滑织物不仅具有较好的机械性能，还具有较低的摩擦系数，生产工艺简单，可以有效降低生产成本。考虑到其他纱线的细度规格直接影响与氟素树脂纱线复合加工后的外观效果，上述其他纤维优选聚酯、间位芳纶、聚酰亚胺、玻璃纤维。由于聚酯纱线强力较高，细纤度规格的纱线生产工艺相对简单，而且价格较低，可以显著降低该低摩擦系数织物的生产成本。另外，间位芳纶，全称“聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺”，我国称为芳纶1313。间位芳纶具有优异的耐热性能，可在220℃下长期使用而不老化，而且尺寸稳定性极佳，在250℃左右的热收缩率仅为1％，短时间暴露于300℃高温中也不会收缩、脆化、软化或者融熔，在超过370℃才开始分解，与氟素树 脂纱线复合加工后，用于高温场合不易发生变形，有效延长自润滑织物的使用寿命。
构成本发明的自润滑织物的复合纱中其他纱线的总纤度为5～300dtex，优选20～250dtex，更优选40～200dtex。如果复合纱中其他纱线的纤度过低的话，制得织物的强力就会太低，对于自润滑织物中氟素树脂纱线的强力增强效果变差，导致自润滑织物整体的耐磨耗性变差；如果复合纱中其他纱线的纤度过高的话，与氟素树脂纱线复合后，其他纱线的表面积在复合纱中所占表面积变大，从而导致氟素树脂纱线层的摩擦系数变大。在使用过程中，与机械运动部件的磨损增大，从而导致该自润滑织物的整体使用寿命变短。
本发明的自润滑织物中复合纱的捻度为100～500T/m。如果复合纱的捻度过低的话，复合纱中氟素树脂纱线对其他纱线的包覆效果变差，制得的自润滑织物在使用时，滑动性会显著降低，与机械运动部件接触时，摩擦阻力变大，失去自润滑的效果，造成机械运动部件的运转不良；如果复合纱的捻度过高的话，复合纱在整经、织造过程中容易发生收缩，且在织物中的复合纱外层氟素树脂纱线就容易发生扭曲变形，与外力摩擦时，受力集中，耐剪切力变差，并且与摩擦对偶面作用时，容易发生摩擦加剧，导致自润滑织物加速磨损，甚至失效。考虑到织物的生产性能以及织物的耐磨耗性能，本发明的自润滑织物中复合纱的捻度优选100～400T/m，更优选150～300T/m，再优选200～300T/m。
本发明自润滑织物的压缩弹性率为85～95％。当自润滑织物在受外力发生厚度方向的压缩形变时，如果该自润滑织物的压缩弹性率过低的话，织物的厚度变化加剧，导致自润滑织物与机械部件的配合间隙加大，机械运动部件的受力增大，发生偏载现象，从而导致自润滑织物的局部磨损迅速增大，直至失效；如果该自润滑织物的压缩弹性率过高的话，织物的蓬松性能过好，导致织物层偏厚，受较大外力时容易被挤压变形，并导致自润滑织物与机械部件的配合间隙加大，易引起自润滑织物的磨损增大，导致部件失效。
本发明自润滑织物的剪切刚度为5～15gf/cm·deg。当自润滑织物与摩擦对偶面摩擦接触发生相对运动时，如果该自润滑织物的剪切刚度过低的话，织物的抗形变能力变差，在工作初始阶段容易受剪切作用而发生尺寸变形，严重时会发生自润滑织物损坏或从金属粘贴面上剥落，导致机械运动部件的损坏；如果该自 润滑织物的剪切刚度过高的话，织物的刚度过大，后加工时容易出现自润化织物不易弯折，与机械运动部件贴合困难等问题，给加工带来不便。
本发明自润滑织物的经向动摩擦系数与纬向动摩擦系数的绝对差值为0～0.05。由于自润滑织物在使用过程中，与摩擦对偶面会发生各种角度的摩擦，要求自润滑织物具有相对均一的摩擦特性。如果自润滑织物的经向动摩擦系数与纬向动摩擦系数的绝对差值过大的话，在摩擦过程中，摩擦系数会发生较大波动，不利于机械运动部件的长期稳定运行，也容易导致自润滑织物在摩擦系数相对较大的方向发生严重磨损，从而导致部件各部位的工作间隙偏差变大，发生偏载，引起部件损坏。
本发明自润滑织物的连续磨耗时间为100～400小时。自润滑织物的连续磨耗时间越长，同条件下装配到机械运动部件中，其使用寿命也相对较长，有利于部件的生产成本降低。如果自润滑织物的连续磨耗时间过低的话，导致机械运动部件的整体使用寿命变短，导致设备生产成本升高。
本发明的自润滑织物的生产方法，包括原纱-并线-加捻-整经-织造-后加工，具体步骤如下：(a)采用氟素树脂纱线与其他纱线进行并线，其中所述其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的干热收缩率的差值为0.5～30％；(b)在捻度为50～600T/m的条件下，与上述氟素树脂纱线及其他纱线退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；(c)将制得的复合纱作为经纱或纬纱，通过整经、织造得到坯布；(d)再将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥以及180～210℃热定型的后加工处理，最终得到成品。
如果其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的干热收缩率的差值低于0.5％的话，采用该复合纱织造得到的坯布在热定型后，织物中其他纱线由于受到收缩率的影响，与聚四氟乙烯纱线的收缩率过于接近，导致复合纱中外露的其他纱线面积比例变大，导致该织物一面的摩擦系数增大，影响该织物在使用过程中的自润滑性能；如果其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的干热收缩率的差值高于30％的话，采用该复合纱织造得到的坯布在热定型后，织物中其他纱线由于收缩率过大，导致复合纱中氟素树脂纱线在织物表面形成凸起浮长，影响织物表面平整，同时也会由于其他纱线的剧烈收缩，导致强力损伤过大，从而影响自润滑织物整体的耐磨耗性能。因此，考虑到最终成品的自润滑性以及耐磨耗性，所述其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的干热 收缩率的差值优选为0.5～20％，更优选0.5～10％。
在后加工过程中热定型温度选择为180～210℃，这样可以达到消除织物在织造等过程中产生的内应力，从而实现织物在该温度以下条件使用时，尺寸变化小，形状稳定的效果。如果热定型温度低于180℃的话，该织物在使用过程中由于摩擦产生高温，容易导致织物发生收缩，产生形状尺寸变化，甚至发生剥离、脱落；而热定型温度高于210℃低，从而影响自润滑织物整体的耐磨耗性能。
通过以下实施例更加详细地说明本发明，实施例中的物性由下列方法测定。
【其他纱线占复合纱总体表面积的比例】
对自润滑织物的氟素树脂纱线层(即自润滑织物的摩擦面)拍摄200倍的放大照片，并分别测定照片中氟素树脂纱线的表面积S1与其他纱线的表面积S2，其他纱线的表面积比例＝S2/(S1+S2)×100％。
【其他纱线的露出长度】
将织物取样，通过数码显微镜观察织物含有复合纱的自润滑面，在放大50倍条件下，测试复合纱中其他纱线的两端长度，计算200组其他纱线的两端长度的平均值作为该织物中其他纱线的露出长度计算结果。
【断面】
根据铜板法取得氟素树脂纱线的断面样品，通过光学显微镜观察纱线断面。
【纤度】
根据JIS L-1017-2002 8.3的测试标准，使用缕纱测长仪卷绕100圈试样，每圈长度为1米，转速为120rpm，然后将试样取下打结，放入烘箱中，在温度为105±2℃，时间为2小时以上进行干燥处理。将试样取出后，使用精密天平称重，得到绝对干重。纤度的计算公式如下：d＝M’×10000×(1+Rc/100)/L，其中d：纤度(dtex)
Rc：公定回潮率(％)
M’：试样的绝对干重(g)
L：试样的长度(m)。
【纱线断面直径】
根据以下公式，计算出纱线的断面直径：
Figure PCTCN2016092984-appb-000001
【捻度】
使用纱线捻度仪，通过退捻加捻法测试50cm长度的复合纱，连续测定5组样品，取5次测试结果的平均值，作为该复合纱样品的最终捻度测试结果。
【压缩弹性率】
使用SE-15型压缩弹性试验机，在标准模式下，测定加压100gf时样品厚度T1，然后加压到600gf，放置一分钟后测试厚度T2，然后去除压力放置一分钟后，再次测定加压100gf时样品厚度T3，精确到0.01mm。根据以下公式计算压缩弹性率：
压缩弹性率(％)＝(T3-T2)/(T1-T2)×100％。
【剪切刚度】
取20cm×20cm的样品，并将样品通过固定装置固定于测试设备平面。控制固定装置从原点位置向右侧移动，剪切角度由0度增加到8度。然后固定装置返回原点，并继续向左侧移动，剪切角度由0度增加到负8度，再返回原点。根据以下公式计算剪切刚度：
剪切刚度G(gf/cm·deg)＝(Gf+Gb)/2，
其中，Gf：0.5°～5°的倾斜度；
Gb：－5°～－0.5°的倾斜度。
【动摩擦系数】
在摩擦系数测试仪(型号：IT-RC INTEC制造)上进行测试。具体测试方法如下：将50mm×150mm的样品紧贴固定在摩擦台上，并使用SUS304BA金属板作为摩擦对手材。在摩擦台上加上250g重量的砝码，以50mm/min的速度进行测试。分别测定经向样品与纬向样品各5组数据，取5次测试结果的平均值作为该样品的最终测试结果。摩擦系数的计算公式如下：
μ＝f/N
μ：动摩擦系数
f：动摩擦力(N)
N：样品上所承受的法向压力(N)。
【磨耗时间】
根据JIS K7218的测试标准在磨耗试验机上进行测试。具体测试方法如下：将直径为70mm的织物试样固定在磨耗试验机的样品台上，该样品的摩擦对偶材为表面平均粗糙度为0.03～0.05μm的中空金属圆环，且圆环与试样的有效接触面积为600mm2，并设定测试载荷为12000N，以40rpm(线速度约3m/min)的速度进行试验。测定5组数据，取5次测试结果的平均值作为该样品的最终测试结果。
实施例1
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为9.5％,在捻度为210T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为26s/2(454dtex)的聚酯纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、190℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例2
经纱采用纤度为220dtex的聚苯硫醚长丝；纬纱采用圆形断面的可溶性聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚苯硫醚长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚苯硫醚长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为6.2％,在捻度为200T/m的条件下，与上述纱线退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到纬面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、200℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例3
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与间位芳纶纱线通过并线、其中,所述间位芳纶纱线与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为0.6％,在捻度为260T/m的条件下，与间位芳纶纱线及聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到 复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为40s(147dtex)的间位芳纶纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到经面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、210℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例4
经纱采用纤度为220dtex的玻璃纤维长丝；纬纱采用圆形断面的聚偏氟乙烯长丝与玻璃纤维长丝通过并线、所述玻璃纤维长丝与聚偏氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为1.2％,在捻度为140T/m的条件下，与玻璃纤维长丝及聚偏氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到纬面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、200℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例5
经纱采用圆形断面的聚全氟乙丙稀长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、所述聚酯长丝与聚全氟乙丙稀长丝的干热收缩率的差值为12.4％,在捻度为160T/m的条件下，与上述纱线退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为240dtex的聚酯长丝，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到经面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、180℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例6
经纱采用纤度为220dtex的对位芳纶长丝；纬纱采用圆形断面的乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物长丝与对位芳纶长丝通过并线、所述对位芳纶长丝与乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物长丝的干热收缩率的差值为3.8％,在捻度为80T/m的条件下，与对位芳纶长丝及乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到纬面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、190℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得 到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例7
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与间位芳纶纱线通过并线、所述间位芳纶纱线与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为0.9％,在捻度为220T/m的条件下，与上述纱线退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为60s(98dtex)的间位芳纶纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到纬面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、200℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例8
经纱采用纤度为40s(147dtex)的聚酰亚胺纱线；纬纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酰亚胺纱线通过并线、所述聚酰亚胺纱线与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为2.1％,在捻度为250T/m的条件下，与上述纱线退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到纬面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、210℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例9
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为28.5％,在捻度为180T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为52s/4(454dtex)的聚酯纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、190℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例10
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为5.0％,在捻度为400T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为26s/2(454dtex)的聚酯纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、190℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例11
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚苯硫醚长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚苯硫醚长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为3.1％,在捻度为220T/m的条件下，与聚苯硫醚长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为20s/2(562dtex)的聚苯硫醚纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、200℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例12
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与间位芳纶纱线通过并线、其中,所述间位芳纶纱线与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为2.6％,在捻度为180T/m的条件下，与间位芳纶纱线与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为16s/2(738dtex)的间位芳纶纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、210℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例13
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚酯 长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为8.2％,在捻度为120T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为21s/2(562dtex)的聚酯纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、180℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例14
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、其中,所述聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为7.5％,在捻度为550T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为26s/2(454dtex)的聚酯纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造,得到经面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、190℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到本发明的自润滑织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表1中。
实施例1～14制得的自润滑织物可应用于机械运动部件中。
比较例1
经纱采用膜裂法制得的断面为不规则多边形的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、所述聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为2.1％,在捻度为230T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝及聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为220dtex的聚酯长丝，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到经面斜纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、200℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表2中。
比较例2
经纱及纬纱均采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝，通过剑杆织机进行织造得到平纹的坯布。并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、210℃下热定型处理的后 加工，最终得到织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表2中。
比较例3
经纱采用对位芳纶长丝，纬纱采用膜裂法制得的断面为不规则多边形的聚四氟乙烯长丝，通过剑杆织机进行织造得到纬面缎纹的坯布。并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、200℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表2中。
比较例4
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚酯长丝通过并线、所述聚酯长丝与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为37.5％,在捻度为200T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝及聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相反的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用纤度为220dtex的聚酯长丝，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到平纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、180℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表2中。
比较例5
经纱采用圆形断面的聚四氟乙烯长丝与聚苯硫醚纱线通过并线、所述聚苯硫醚纱线与聚四氟乙烯长丝的干热收缩率的差值为2.5％,在捻度为120T/m的条件下，与聚酯长丝及聚四氟乙烯长丝退绕方向相反的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；纬纱采用20S/2(590.5dtex)的聚苯硫醚纱线，将上述制得的经、纬纱通过整经、用剑杆织机进行织造，得到经面缎纹的坯布，并将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥、180℃下热定型处理的后加工，最终得到织物，将制得的织物放在温度20±2℃、湿度65±4％的环境下进行调湿处理。评价该织物的特性，并示于表2中。
Figure PCTCN2016092984-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2016092984-appb-000003

Claims (13)

  1. 一种自润滑织物，其特征在于：形成该织物的经纱或纬纱为由氟素树脂纱线与其他纱线形成的复合纱，该织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为0～30％，所述复合纱中其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的断面直径比例为0.12～0.80。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度在2.5mm以下。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为2～30％，且该织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度为0.1～2.5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该织物的一面中其他纱线的表面积占复合纱总体表面积的比例为5～30％，且该织物的自润滑面中其他纱线的露出长度为0.2～2mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：所述氟素树脂纱线为聚四氟乙烯、可溶性聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚全氟乙丙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、聚三氟氯乙烯树脂中的任意一种形成的纱线。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：所述复合纱中其他纱线的总纤度为5～300dtex。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：所述复合纱的捻度为100～500T/m。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该自润滑织物的压缩弹性率为85～95％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该自润滑织物的剪切刚度为5～15gf/cm·deg。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该自润滑织物的经向动摩擦系数与纬向动摩擦系数的绝对差值为0～0.05。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的自润滑织物，其特征在于：该自润滑织物的连续磨耗时间为100～400小时。
  12. 一种权利要求1所述的自润滑织物的生产方法，包括原纱-并线-加捻- 整经-织造-后加工，其特征在于：(a)采用氟素树脂纱线与其他纱线进行并线，其中所述其他纱线与氟素树脂纱线的干热收缩率的差值为0.5～30％；(b)在捻度为50～600T/m的条件下，与上述氟素树脂纱线及其他纱线退绕方向相同的捻向进行加捻得到复合纱；(c)将制得的复合纱作为经纱或纬纱，通过整经、织造得到坯布；(d)再将制得的坯布经过精炼、水洗、干燥以及180～210℃热定型的后加工处理，最终得到成品。
  13. 一种权利要求1所述的自润滑织物在机械运动部件中的应用。
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US20180223903A1 (en) 2018-08-09
CN106435923A (zh) 2017-02-22
US10302130B2 (en) 2019-05-28
EP3333289A4 (en) 2019-08-21
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EP3333289B1 (en) 2023-12-27
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