WO2016170943A1 - 積層部材及びタッチパネル - Google Patents
積層部材及びタッチパネル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016170943A1 WO2016170943A1 PCT/JP2016/060460 JP2016060460W WO2016170943A1 WO 2016170943 A1 WO2016170943 A1 WO 2016170943A1 JP 2016060460 W JP2016060460 W JP 2016060460W WO 2016170943 A1 WO2016170943 A1 WO 2016170943A1
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- layer
- resin
- conductive layer
- transparent electrode
- laminated member
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/208—Touch screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated member and a touch panel.
- the display electrode formed in the display area of the capacitive touch panel is a transparent electrode made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a metal thin film such as ITO is formed on the base material by sputtering or the like, and a photoresist, which is a photosensitive resin, is further applied to the surface and exposed through a photomask.
- etching and resist removal are performed.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose Technology has also been devised.
- peripheral wiring connected to the transparent electrode is formed around the display area.
- a method for forming this peripheral wiring a method of applying a conductive paste by a screen printing method or the like (Patent Documents 3 and 4) and a method of finely processing a conductive paste having a photosensitivity by a photolithography method are known ( Patent Documents 5 to 9).
- the surrounding wiring ie, conductive layer formed on this base material, In addition to the transparent electrode layer, the photosensitive resin layer is also contacted.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated member having excellent ion migration resistance between a conductive layer and a photosensitive resin layer formed on a substrate.
- the present inventors have found that the difference between the acid value of the resin having a carboxyl group contained in the photosensitive resin layer and the acid value of the resin having a carboxyl group contained in the conductive layer is 20 to 150 mgKOH. It was found that being in the range of / g is extremely effective in solving the above problems, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention includes a base material, a resin layer A formed on the base material, a transparent electrode layer B formed on the resin layer A, and the resin layer A and the transparent electrode layer B.
- the resin layer A contains a resin (a) having a carboxyl group
- the conductive layer C contains a resin (c) having conductive particles and a carboxyl group.
- the conductive layer C is in contact with the resin layer A and the transparent electrode layer B, and the acid value of the organic component contained in the resin layer A is S A and the conductive layer C contains. when the acid value of the organic components were S C, and the value of S a -S C is a 20 ⁇ 150 mgKOH / g, to provide a laminated member.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a laminated member that is extremely excellent in ion migration resistance between a conductive layer and a photosensitive resin layer formed on a substrate.
- the ion migration resistance can be further enhanced by laminating OCA having a benzotriazole-based compound or an isobornyl skeleton.
- the laminated member of the present invention includes a base material, a resin layer A formed on the base material, a transparent electrode layer B formed on the resin layer A, the resin layer A, and the transparent electrode layer.
- a conductive layer C formed on B, and the resin layer A contains a resin (a) having a carboxyl group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resin (a)”), and the above.
- the conductive layer C contains conductive particles and a resin (c)) having a carboxyl group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resin (c)”), and the conductive layer C is the resin layer A.
- the base material provided in the laminated member of the present invention refers to a support for forming a transparent electrode layer, a conductive layer or the like on the surface thereof.
- the base material include a rigid substrate such as glass, a glass epoxy substrate, or a ceramic substrate, or a flexible substrate such as a polyester film or a polyimide film.
- the resin layer A formed on the base material is a so-called photosensitive resin layer and functions as a photoresist for pattern formation of the transparent electrode layer B.
- the resin (a) constituting the resin layer A has a carboxyl group in its molecular chain and is preferably alkali-soluble.
- Examples of the resin (a) include an acrylic copolymer, an epoxy carboxylate compound, a polyamic acid, or a siloxane polymer, and an acrylic copolymer or an epoxy carboxylate compound having a high visible light transmittance is preferable.
- An acrylic copolymer having a carboxyl group can be obtained by copolymerizing an acrylic monomer and an unsaturated acid such as an unsaturated carboxylic acid as a copolymerization component.
- acrylic monomer examples include acrylic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “AA”), methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “EA”), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n- Butyl acrylate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BA”), iso-butyl acrylate, iso-propane acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, butoxytriethylene glycol acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl Acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, isodexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol Acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, octafluoropentyl acrylate, phenoxyeth
- An epoxy acrylate monomer or ⁇ -acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, or a compound in which an acrylic group thereof is substituted with a methacryl group can be mentioned.
- an aliphatic chain or an alicyclic group is used.
- Acrylic monomers having a structure are preferred.
- the unsaturated acid examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, vinyl acetate, and acid anhydrides thereof.
- the acid value of the resulting acrylic copolymer can be adjusted by the amount of the unsaturated acid used as the copolymer component.
- the epoxycarboxylate compound refers to a compound that can be synthesized using an epoxy compound and a carboxyl compound having an unsaturated double bond as starting materials.
- Examples of the epoxy compound that can be a starting material include glycidyl ethers, alicyclic epoxy resins, glycidyl esters, glycidyl amines, and epoxy resins. More specifically, for example, methyl glycidyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, bisphenol fluorenediglycidyl ether, biphenol diglycidyl ether, tetramethylbiphenol glycidyl ether, trimethyl
- Examples of the carboxyl compound having an unsaturated double bond that can be used as a starting material include (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, and ⁇ -cyanocinnamic acid.
- the acid value of the epoxycarboxylate compound may be adjusted by reacting the epoxycarboxylate compound with the polybasic acid anhydride.
- the polybasic acid anhydride include succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, 3-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methyl-hexahydrophthalic anhydride, Examples include trimellitic anhydride or maleic anhydride.
- An epoxy carboxylate compound is obtained by reacting a carboxyl group of an epoxy carboxylate compound whose acid value is adjusted with the above polybasic acid anhydride and a compound having an unsaturated double bond such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate. You may adjust the quantity of the reactive unsaturated double bond which has.
- Urethane may be formed by reacting the hydroxy group of the epoxycarboxylate compound with a diisocyanate compound.
- the diisocyanate compound include hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, tridenic diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, allyl cyanide diisocyanate, and norbornane diisocyanate.
- the acid value of the resin (a) is preferably 50 to 250 mgKOH / g since the resin layer A preferably functions as an alkali-soluble photoresist, and 60 to 150 mgKOH / g in order to further improve pattern processability. Is more preferable.
- the acid value of the resin (a) can be measured according to JIS K 0070 (1992).
- the visible light transmittance of the resin layer A is preferably 80% or more when the laminated member manufactured according to the present invention is a constituent element of the touch panel.
- the transparent electrode layer B laminated on the resin layer A is not an entirely flat layer, but is an arbitrarily shaped pattern that is patterned using the function of the resin layer A as a photoresist. . That is, the transparent electrode layer does not completely cover the resin layer A, but the resin layer A is exposed at a portion where the pattern of the transparent electrode layer B is not formed.
- the transparent electrode layer B is preferably composed of only a conductive component or contains a conductive component.
- the conductive component constituting the transparent electrode layer B include indium, tin, zinc, gallium, antimony, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, tungsten, oxides of these metals, or carbon nanotubes. Is mentioned. More specifically, for example, indium tin oxide (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ITO”), indium zinc oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide composite oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, Fluorine zinc oxide, fluorine indium oxide, antimony tin oxide, or fluorine tin oxide can be used.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ITO or fibrous silver (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “silver fiber”), which has high conductivity and visible light transmittance and is advantageous in terms of price, is preferable, and is connected to the conductive layer C described later. Silver fiber is more preferable because of its high reliability.
- Examples of the method for forming the transparent electrode layer before pattern processing include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, and a coating method.
- the thickness of the transparent electrode layer B is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m in order to achieve both good conductivity and visible light transmittance.
- the thickness of the transparent electrode layer B is 0.01 ⁇ m or more, variation in resistance value can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the transparent electrode layer B is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, the visible light transmittance can be increased.
- the visible light transmittance of the transparent electrode layer B is preferably 80% or more for the same reason as the resin layer A.
- the conductive layer C in contact with the resin layer A and the transparent electrode layer B contains conductive particles and a resin (c).
- the conductive layer C is not an entirely flat layer, and may be a pattern having an arbitrary shape. In this case, the conductive layer C does not completely cover and hide the resin layer A and the transparent electrode layer B, and the resin layer A and / or the transparent electrode layer B is not formed in the portion where the pattern of the conductive layer C is not formed. Is exposed.
- Examples of the conductive particles contained in the conductive layer C include silver, gold, copper, platinum, lead, tin, nickel, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, indium, and alloys of these metals. Silver, gold or copper is preferred, and silver is more preferred because of its high stability and advantageous price.
- the aspect ratio which is a value obtained by dividing the major axis length by the minor axis length, is preferably 1.0 to 3.0, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0. preferable.
- the aspect ratio of the conductive particles is 1.0 or more, the contact probability between the conductive particles is further increased.
- the aspect ratio of the conductive particles is 2.0 or less, when the pattern of the conductive layer C is formed by the photolithography method, the exposure light is hardly shielded, and the development margin is widened.
- the aspect ratio of the conductive particles is determined by observing the conductive particles with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission microscope (TEM), and randomly selecting the primary particles of 100 conductive particles. It can be determined by measuring the axial length and the short axial length and determining the aspect ratio from the average value of both.
- the particle size of the conductive particles is preferably 0.05 to 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the conductive particles contained in the conductive layer C is determined by dissolving the collected conductive layer C in tetrahydrofuran (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “THF”), collecting the precipitated conductive particles, What was used and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes was observed with an electron microscope, primary particles of 20 conductive particles were randomly selected, the maximum width of each was measured, and an average value thereof was obtained. Can be calculated.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the proportion of particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 2.0 ⁇ m in the conductive particles contained in the conductive layer C is determined by the conductive particles taken into the resin layer A when the pattern of the conductive layer C is formed by photolithography. Since it is easy to wash away, it is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- the proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.3 to 2.0 ⁇ m in the conductive particles contained in the conductive layer C is determined by observing the conductive particles with an electron microscope and randomly selecting the primary particles of 100 conductive particles. Then, the maximum width of each can be measured, and the maximum width can be determined from the proportion of primary particles in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the conductive particles contained in the conductive layer C is preferably 60 to 95% by mass.
- the proportion of the conductive particles is 60% by mass or more, the contact probability between the conductive particles is increased, and the resistance value of the conductive layer C obtained can be stabilized.
- the proportion of the conductive particles is 95% by mass or less, the conductivity of the conductive layer C when the laminated member of the present invention is bent can be further stabilized.
- Examples of the resin (c) contained in the conductive layer C include an acrylic copolymer or an epoxy carboxylate compound as in the resin (a), but an epoxy carboxylate compound is used to increase the adhesion of the obtained conductive layer C. Is preferred.
- the conductive layer C may contain a photopolymerization initiator.
- the pattern of the conductive layer C can be formed by a photolithography method.
- the photopolymerization initiator include 1,2-octanedione-1- [4- (phenylthio) -2- (O-benzoyloxime)], 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, ethanone-1- [9-ethyl-6-2 (2-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazol-3-yl] -1- (O-acetyloxime) Benzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4′-dichlorobenzoph
- the addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.05 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin (c).
- the addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator is 0.05 parts by mass or more, the cured density of the exposed part increases, and the remaining film ratio after development can be increased.
- the addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator is 30 parts by mass or less, excessive light absorption by the photopolymerization initiator is suppressed.
- the cross-sectional shape of the pattern of the conductive layer C to be obtained is rectangular, and a decrease in adhesion with the resin layer A is suppressed.
- the conductive layer C may contain a sensitizer together with the photopolymerization initiator.
- sensitizer examples include 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, isopropylthioxanthone, 2,3-bis (4-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentanone, 2,6-bis (4-dimethylaminobenzal) cyclohexanone, 2 , 6-bis (4-dimethylaminobenzal) -4-methylcyclohexanone, Michler's ketone, 4,4-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4-bis (dimethylamino) chalcone, 4,4-bis (diethylamino) chalcone P-dimethylaminocinnamylidene indanone, p-dimethylaminobenzylidene indanone, 2- (p-dimethylaminophenylvinylene) isonaphthothiazole, 1,3-bis (4-dimethylaminophenylvinylene) isonaphthothiazole,
- the addition amount of the sensitizer is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin (c). Photosensitivity improves that the addition amount of a sensitizer is 0.05 mass part or more. On the other hand, when the addition amount of the sensitizer is 10 parts by mass or less, excessive light absorption at the upper part of the coating film when the pattern of the conductive layer C is formed by a photolithography method is suppressed. As a result, the cross-sectional shape of the pattern of the conductive layer C to be formed is rectangular, and the adhesiveness with the resin layer A is prevented from being lowered.
- the conductive layer C may contain a compound having a urethane bond.
- the conductive layer C contains a compound having a urethane bond
- the conductive layer becomes flexible, and as a result, flexibility can be imparted to the entire laminated member.
- the method of adding a compound having a urethane bond to the conductive layer C include a method of adding a compound having a urethane bond to the composition for forming the conductive layer C.
- a compound which has a urethane bond a urethane monomer or a polyurethane is mentioned, for example.
- the amount of the compound having a urethane bond in the composition for forming the conductive layer C is preferably 0.05 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin (c).
- the addition amount of the compound having a urethane bond is 0.05 parts by mass or more, the flexibility of the obtained conductive layer C is sufficiently high.
- the amount of the compound having a urethane bond is 100 parts by mass or less, the conductivity of the conductive layer C when the laminated member of the present invention is bent can be further stabilized.
- the conductive layer C may contain a compound having a cyclohexane skeleton.
- the conductive layer C contains a compound having a cyclohexane skeleton, the conductive layer becomes flexible, and as a result, flexibility can be imparted to the entire laminated member.
- Examples of the method for adding a compound having a cyclohexane skeleton to the conductive layer C include a method of adding a compound having a cyclohexane skeleton to the composition for forming the conductive layer C.
- Examples of the compound having a cyclohexane skeleton include dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate, trans-4-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, takenate 600 (1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), 1, 2-epoxycyclohexane, 1-vinyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane, licarresin DME-100 (1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether; manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.), licarresin HBE-100 (4,4'- Polymer of isopropylidene dicyclohexanol and (chloromethyl) oxirane; manufactured by Nippon Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.), ST-4000D (epoxy resin based on hydrogenated bisphenol A; manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.), hydrogen
- the amount of the compound having a cyclohexane skeleton in the composition for forming the conductive layer C is preferably 0.05 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin (c).
- the amount of the compound having a cyclohexane skeleton is 0.05 parts by mass or more, the flexibility of the obtained conductive layer C is sufficiently high.
- the amount of the compound having a cyclohexane skeleton is 100 parts by mass or less, the conductivity of the conductive layer C when the laminated member of the present invention is bent can be further stabilized.
- the conductive layer C may contain a cured product of an epoxy resin.
- the cured epoxy resin refers to a product obtained by reacting an epoxy resin with light or heat.
- the epoxy resin include ethylene glycol-modified epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, brominated epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, novolac type epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, glycidyl.
- An amine type epoxy resin, a glycidyl ether type epoxy resin or a heterocyclic epoxy resin can be mentioned.
- Resin is preferable, and hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin having high exposure light transmittance when the pattern of the conductive layer C is formed by photolithography is more preferable.
- the addition amount of the epoxy resin in the composition for forming the conductive layer C is preferably 0.05 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin (c).
- the adhesiveness of the conductive layer C obtained and the resin layer A can be improved as the addition amount of an epoxy resin is 0.05 mass part or more.
- the addition amount of the epoxy resin is 20 parts by mass or less, the solubility of the exposure film C in the developer is improved.
- the thickness of the conductive layer C is preferably 2.0 to 8.0 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the conductive layer C is 2.0 ⁇ m or more, variation in resistance can be suppressed. On the other hand, if the thickness of the conductive layer C is 8.0 ⁇ m or less, the flexibility can be increased.
- the difference between the acid value S A of the resin layer A, and an organic component acid value S C of the conductive layer C is 20 It is preferably ⁇ 150 mgKOH / g, more preferably 30 to 100 mgKOH / g, and further preferably 40 to 90 mgKOH / g.
- the obtained conductive layer C is highly hygroscopic due to the resin (c) having a carboxyl group, and an ion migration phenomenon starting from the conductive particles easily occurs due to the influence.
- S A is the layer A of 1 part by mass collected, dissolved in THF and 100 parts by weight, and titrated with 0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution and the solution of phenolphthalein solution as an indicator, is calculated can do.
- the value of S C first, 0.1 mol conductive layer C of 1 part by mass collected, dissolved in THF and 10 parts by weight, after removing the conductive particles with a filter or the like, the solution using phenolphthalein solution as an indicator
- the acid value of the conductive layer C can be calculated by titration with a / L potassium hydroxide solution.
- the epoxy resin when contained in the composition C, it can react with a carboxyl group in a curing process, and the organic component acid value of the conductive layer C can be lowered.
- the laminated member of the present invention can be coated with an OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive) layer D having a benzotriazole-based compound or an isobornyl skeleton for the purpose of suppressing migration.
- OCA Optical Clear Adhesive
- benzotriazole compounds include 1H-benzotriazole (1,2,3-benzotriazole), 4-methylbenzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole, benzotriazole-1-methylamine, 4-methylbenzotriazole-1-methyl Amine, 5-methylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N-methylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N-ethylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-dimethylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-diethylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-dipropylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-dibutylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-dihexylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine , N, N Dioctylbenzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-dimethyl-4-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N, N-dimethyl-5-benzotriazole-1
- Examples of the compound having an isobornyl skeleton include isobornyl acetate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, isobornyl cyclohexanol, etc., and these compounds may be contained as one of the components of the acrylic copolymer. Good.
- the OCA material for forming the OCA layer D is obtained by applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive containing the above compound onto a release-treated substrate and drying it.
- the OCA layer D can be formed by thermocompression bonding of the obtained OCA material with a thermal laminator or the like.
- the touch panel of the present invention includes the laminated member manufactured according to the present invention. More specifically, the laminated member of the present invention is suitably used as a member for a touch panel.
- a touch panel system for example, a resistive film type, an optical type, an electromagnetic induction type, or a capacitance type can be mentioned.
- a capacitance type touch panel requires particularly fine wiring, it is one embodiment of the present invention.
- a laminated member in which a pattern of the conductive layer C is formed using a photolithography method is more preferably used.
- the frame width can be reduced and the view area can be widened. it can.
- a polymerization reaction was further performed for 6 hours. Thereafter, 1 g of hydroquinone monomethyl ether was added to stop the polymerization reaction. Subsequently, a mixture consisting of 5 g GMA, 1 g triethylbenzylammonium chloride and 10 g DMEA was added dropwise over 0.5 hours. After completion of the dropwise addition, an additional reaction was performed for 2 hours. The obtained reaction solution was purified with methanol to remove unreacted impurities, and further vacuum-dried for 24 hours to obtain a resin (a-3). The acid value of the obtained resin (a-3) was 83 mgKOH / g.
- the acrylic copolymer solution was diluted with ethyl acetate to a resin solid content of 30%, and 1.2 g of Duranate P301-75E (Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd .; solid content 75%) was added thereto.
- the product was coated on a 50 ⁇ m PET film having one surface released from the mold so that the thickness after drying was 25 ⁇ m, and dried at 75 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain OCA (d-2).
- Example 1 ⁇ Formation of resin layer A> A biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was prepared as a substrate. A resin (a-1), MPD-A and IC-369 mixed at a mass ratio of 100: 50: 1 is applied to one side of a substrate, heat treated and dried, and a resin having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m Layer A1 was formed.
- a photomask is brought into close contact with the ITO thin film, the resin layer A1 and the ITO thin film are exposed with an exposure amount of 200 mJ / cm 2 with an exposure machine having an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, and further 200 mJ / cm 2 without passing through the photomask.
- the resin layer A1 and the ITO thin film were exposed on the entire surface with an exposure amount, and then subjected to spray development with a 1% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution at 30 ° C. for 30 seconds to form a patterned transparent electrode layer B1 on the resin layer A1.
- composition for forming conductive layer C ⁇ Preparation of composition for forming conductive layer C> Put 100 g of resin (c-1) and 5.0 g of diethylene glycol in a 100 mL clean bottle, and rotate and revolve vacuum mixer “Awatori Rentaro” (registered trademark) ARE-310 (Sinky) ) To obtain 15.0 g of a resin solution (solid content: 66.7% by mass).
- composition C1 is applied to the surface of the resin layer A1 and the patterned transparent electrode layer B1 with a screen printer so that the film thickness of the conductive layer C1 is 6 ⁇ m, cured at 140 ° C. for 60 minutes, and laminated member 1 and 2 were produced respectively.
- the pattern of the conductive layer C1 of the laminated member 1 was formed by screen printing.
- the acid value S A of the resin layer A1 1 part by mass of the resin layer A1 is sampled and dissolved in 100 parts by mass of THF. The solution is dissolved in 0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution using a phenolphthalein solution as an indicator. Calculated by titration.
- the organic component acid value S C of the conductive pattern C1 collected 1 part by weight of the conductive layer C1, it is dissolved in THF and 10 parts by weight, the solution was filtered through a polypropylene filter apertures 2 [mu] m, the filtrate It was calculated by titrating with a 0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution using a phenolphthalein solution as an indicator.
- S A resin the value of S C is contained in the resin layer A1, conductive layer C1 (a-1), the carboxyl group in the curing step for the point that is lower than the acid value of the (c-1) It seems that a part has disappeared due to a chemical reaction such as dehydration condensation.
- Example 2 The laminated member shown in Table 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 1, the resin layer A and the transparent electrode layer B were formed on the substrate, and the ITO thin film was patterned.
- composition C1 was applied to the surface of the resin layer A1 and the patterned transparent electrode layer B1 with a screen printer so that the thickness of the dry film was 5 ⁇ m, and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes with a hot air dryer, After exposure at an exposure amount of 300 mJ / cm 2 with an exposure machine having an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp through a predetermined photomask, and spray-developing a 0.2% by mass aqueous sodium carbonate solution at a pressure of 0.1 MPa for 30 seconds, 140 Curing was performed at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 60 minutes to produce the laminated member 4 shown in FIG. 2 and the laminated member 5 shown in FIG. The laminated members 4 and 5 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 to 16 The laminated member shown in Table 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 6, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 17 In the same manner as in Example 6, a laminated member in which the resin layer A, the patterned transparent electrode layer B, and the conductive layer C were laminated on the base material was manufactured.
- ⁇ Formation of OCA layer D> Laminated member 6 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by laminating OCA (d-1) on the surface of resin layer A1, patterned transparent electrode layer B1, and conductive layer C1 under the conditions of 80 ° C. and pressure of pressure 0.5 MPa.
- Example 2 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed on the laminated members 6 and 7. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 18 The laminated member shown in Table 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 17, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 The laminated member shown in Table 1 was produced by the same method as in Example 6, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the laminated member of the present invention can be suitably used as a constituent element of a touch panel.
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Abstract
Description
なお組成物Cにエポキシ樹脂が含有されている場合、キュア工程でカルボキシル基と反応し、導電層Cの有機成分酸価を下げることができる。 本発明の積層部材は、マイグレーションの抑制を目的に、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物またはイソボルニル骨格を有するOCA(Optical Clear Adhesive)層Dで被覆できる。
(合成例1)
共重合比率(質量基準):EA/メタクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル(以下、「2-EHMA」と称すことがある。)/BA/N-メチロールアクリルアミド(以下、「MAA」と称すことがある。)/AA=20/40/20/5/15
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gのジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート(以下、「DMEA」と称すことがある。)を仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、20gのEA、40gの2-EHMA、20gのBA、5gのMAA、15gのAA、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。得られた反応溶液をメタノールで精製することで未反応不純物を除去し、さらに24時間真空乾燥することで、樹脂(a-1)を得た。得られた樹脂(a-1)の酸価は103mgKOH/gであった。
共重合比率(質量基準):EA/2-EHMA/BA/MAA/AA=20/20/20/15/25
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gのDMEAを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、20gのEA、20gの2-EHMA、20gのBA、5gのMAA、25gのAA、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。得られた反応溶液をメタノールで精製することで未反応不純物を除去し、さらに24時間真空乾燥することで、樹脂(a-2)を得た。得られた樹脂(a-2)の酸価は153mgKOH/gであった。
共重合比率(質量基準):EA/2-EHMA/スチレン(以下、「St」と称すことがある。)/グリシジルメタクリレート(以下、「GMA」と称すことがある。)/AA=30/30/25/5/10
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gのDMEAを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、30gのEA、30gの2-EHMA、25gのSt、10gのAA、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。引き続き、5gのGMA、1gのトリエチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、0.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに2時間付加反応を行った。得られた反応溶液をメタノールで精製することで未反応不純物を除去し、さらに24時間真空乾燥することで、樹脂(a-3)を得た。得られた樹脂(a-3)の酸価は83mgKOH/gであった。
[樹脂(c)]
(合成例4)
共重合比率(質量基準):EA/2-EHMA/BA/MAA/AA=30/20/20/25/5
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gのDMEAを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、30gのEA、20gの2-EHMA、20gのBA、25gのMAA、5gのAA、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。得られた反応溶液をメタノールで精製することで未反応不純物を除去し、さらに24時間真空乾燥することで、樹脂(c-1)を得た。得られた樹脂(c-1)の酸価は29mgKOH/gであった。
共重合比率(質量基準):EA/2-EHMA/スチレン/GMA/AA=20/40/25/5/10
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gのDMEAを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、20gのEA、40gの2-EHMA、25gのSt、10gのAA、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。引き続き、5gのGMA、1gのトリエチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド及び10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、0.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに2時間付加反応を行った。得られた反応溶液をメタノールで精製することで未反応不純物を除去し、さらに24時間真空乾燥することで、樹脂(c-2)を得た。得られた樹脂(c-2)の酸価は73mgKOH/gであった。
窒素雰囲気の反応溶液中に、492.1gのカルビトールアセテート、860.0gのEOCN-103S(日本化薬(株)製;クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;エポキシ当量:215.0g/当量)、288.3gのAA、4.92gの2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール及び4.92gのトリフェニルホスフィンを仕込み、98℃の温度で反応液の酸価が0.5mg・KOH/g以下になるまで反応させ、エポキシカルボキシレート化合物を得た。引き続き、この反応液に169.8gのカルビトールアセテート及び201.6gのテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸を仕込み、95℃で4時間反応させ、樹脂(c-3)を得た。得られた樹脂(c-3)の酸価は104mgKOH/gであった。
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、368.0gのRE-310S(日本化薬(株)製;エポキシ当量:184.0g/当量)、141.2gのAA、1.02gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル及び1.53gのトリフェニルホスフィンを仕込み、98℃の温度で反応液の酸価が0.5mgKOH/g以下になるまで反応させ、エポキシカルボキシレート化合物を得た。その後、この反応溶液に755.5gのカルビトールアセテート、268.3gの2,2-ビス(ジメチロール)-プロピオン酸、1.08gの2-メチルハイドロキノン及び140.3gのスピログリコールを加え、45℃に昇温した。この溶液に485.2gのトリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを、反応温度が65℃を超えないように徐々に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応温度を80℃に上昇させ、赤外吸収スペクトル測定法により、2250cm-1付近の吸収がなくなるまで6時間反応させ、樹脂(c-4)を得た。得られた樹脂(c-4)の酸価は80.0mgKOH/gであった。
・IRGACURE(登録商標)OXE-01(以下、「OXE-01」と称すことがある。);チバジャパン(株)製
・IRGACURE(登録商標)369(以下、「IC-369」と称すことがある。);チバジャパン(株)製
[モノマー]
・ライトアクリレートMPD-A(以下、「MPD-A」と称すことがある。);共栄社化学(株)製
[ウレタン結合を有する化合物]
・UA-160TM(共栄社化学(株)製)
[シクロヘキサン骨格を有する化合物]
・jER(登録商標)YX-8000(以下、「YX-8000」と称すことがある。);三菱化学(株)製
[透明電極材料]
・ITO(酸化インジウム97質量%、酸化スズ3質量%)
・銀繊維(線径5nm、線長5μm)
[OCA(d)] (合成例8)
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gの酢酸エチルを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、50.0gのEA、10.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gの酢酸エチルからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gの酢酸エチルを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、50.0gのイソボルニルメタクリレート、10.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gの酢酸エチルからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、150gの酢酸エチルを仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、50.0gのイソボルニルメタクリレート、10.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、0.8gの2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル及び10gの酢酸エチルからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに6時間重合反応を行った。その後、1gのハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテルを添加して、重合反応を停止した。
<樹脂層Aの形成>
基材として、厚さ30μmの二軸延伸ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを用意した。基材の片面に、樹脂(a-1)、MPD-A及びIC-369が100:50:1の質量割合で混合されたものを塗布し、熱処理及び乾燥して、厚さが4μmの樹脂層A1を形成した。
樹脂層Aの表面に、ITOの焼結体ターゲットを備えたスパッタ装置を用いて、ITOからなる厚さ20nmのITO薄膜を形成した。
ITO薄膜にフォトマスクを密着させ、超高圧水銀ランプを有する露光機で200mJ/cm2の露光量で樹脂層A1及びITO薄膜を露光し、さらにフォトマスクを介すことなく、200mJ/cm2の露光量で樹脂層A1及びITO薄膜を全面露光した露光後、30℃の1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で30秒間スプレー現像し、樹脂層A1上にパターン加工された透明電極層B1を形成した。
100mLクリーンボトルに、10.0gの樹脂(c-1)及び5.0gのジエチエングリコールを入れ、自転-公転真空ミキサー“あわとり錬太郎”(登録商標)ARE-310((株)シンキー製)で混合して、15.0gの樹脂溶液(固形分66.7質量%)を得た。
樹脂層A1及びパターン加工された透明電極層B1の表面に、組成物C1をスクリーン印刷機で導電層C1の膜厚が6μmになるように塗布し、140℃で60分間キュアを行い、積層部材1及び2をそれぞれ製造した。積層部材1の導電層C1のパターンはスクリーン印刷により形成をした。
図2に示す積層部材2を、85℃、85%RHの高温高湿槽に投入し、端子部からDC5Vの電圧を印加して、急激に抵抗値が3桁低下する短絡時間を確認した。計10個の導電パターン形成部材1で同評価を繰り返し、それらの平均値を、イオンマイグレーション耐性の値とした。結果を表2に示す。
図3に示す積層部材3について、テスターを用いて抵抗値を測定した。その後、導電層Cが内側、外側、内側、外側と交互になるように積層部材を折り曲げて、図3に示す短辺Dと短辺Eとを接触させては元に戻す屈曲動作を100回繰り返してから、再度テスターを用いて抵抗値を測定し、抵抗値の変化率(%)を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
表1に示す積層部材を実施例1と同様の方法で製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1と同様の方法で、基材上に樹脂層A及び透明電極層Bを形成し、ITO薄膜のパターン加工をした。
樹脂層A1及びパターン加工された透明電極層B1の表面に、組成物C1をスクリーン印刷機で乾燥膜の膜厚が5μmになるように塗布し、70℃で10分間熱風乾燥機で乾燥後、所定のフォトマスクを介して超高圧水銀ランプを有する露光機で300mJ/cm2の露光量で露光し、0.2質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を0.1MPaの圧力で30秒間スプレー現像した後、140℃で60分間キュアを行い、図2に示す積層部材4、及び、図3に示す積層部材5をそれぞれ製造した。 積層部材4及び5について、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
表1に示す積層部材を実施例6と同様の方法で製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
実施例6と同様の方法で、基材上に樹脂層A及びパターン加工した透明電極層B、導電層Cを積層した積層部材を製造した。
<OCA層Dの形成>
樹脂層A1及びパターン加工した透明電極層B1、導電層C1の表面にOCA(d-1)を80℃、圧着圧力0.5MPaの条件でラミネートして、図5に示す積層部材6、及び図6に示す積層部材7をそれぞれ製造した。
表1に示す積層部材を実施例17と同様の方法で製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
表1に示す積層部材を実施例1と同様の方法で製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
表1に示す積層部材を実施例6と同様の方法で製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
2 導電パターンC
3 層A
4 支持体
5 端子部
6 導電層C
7 短辺D
8 短辺E
9 OCA層D
Claims (10)
- 基材と、
前記基材上に形成された、樹脂層Aと、
前記樹脂層A上に形成された、透明電極層Bと、
前記樹脂層A及び前記透明電極層B上に形成された、導電層Cと、を備え、
前記樹脂層Aは、カルボキシル基を有する樹脂(a)を含有し、
前記導電層Cは、導電性粒子及びカルボキシル基を有する樹脂(c)を含有し、かつ、
前記導電層Cが、前記樹脂層A及び前記透明電極層Bに接触しており、
前記樹脂層Aが含有する有機成分の酸価をSA、前記導電層Cが含有する有機成分の酸価をSC、としたとき、SA-SCの値が、20~150mgKOH/gである、積層部材。 - 前記導電層Cが、光重合開始剤もしくはその反応物を含有する、請求項1記載の積層部材。
- 前記導電層Cが、ウレタン結合を有する化合物を含有する、請求項1又は2記載の積層部材。
- 前記導電層Cが、シクロヘキサン骨格を有する化合物を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の積層部材。
- 前記透明電極層Bが、銀を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の積層部材。
- 前記銀が、繊維状である、請求項5記載の積層部材。
- 前記透明電極層Bの厚さが0.1~1.0μmであり、導電層Cの厚さが2.0~8.0μmである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の積層部材。
- 前記樹脂層Aと、前記透明電極層Bと、導電層C上に積層されたOCA層Dがイソボルニル骨格を含有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項記載の積層部材。
- 前記層Dがベンゾトリアゾール系化合物を含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の積層部材。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項記載の積層部材を備える、タッチパネル。
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JP2016533684A JP6090537B1 (ja) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-03-30 | 積層部材及びタッチパネル |
CN201680004615.9A CN107107587B (zh) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-03-30 | 层叠构件及触摸屏 |
KR1020177012997A KR101810855B1 (ko) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-03-30 | 적층 부재 및 터치 패널 |
US15/788,296 US10275104B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2017-10-19 | Laminate member and touch panel |
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JP (1) | JP6090537B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101810855B1 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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JPWO2016171083A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-05-18 | 東レ株式会社 | 導電パターン形成部材の製造方法 |
WO2020110453A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 感光性導電ペーストおよび導電パターン形成用フィルム並びに積層部材 |
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CN107957818A (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-24 | 信利光电股份有限公司 | 一种触摸屏模组、触摸屏及电子显示设备 |
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- 2016-03-30 JP JP2016533684A patent/JP6090537B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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JPWO2016170943A1 (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
TW201704025A (zh) | 2017-02-01 |
US10275104B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
CN107107587B (zh) | 2018-06-05 |
KR101810855B1 (ko) | 2017-12-20 |
KR20170060160A (ko) | 2017-05-31 |
CN107107587A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
US20180059826A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
JP6090537B1 (ja) | 2017-03-08 |
TWI632063B (zh) | 2018-08-11 |
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