WO2016129553A1 - しゅう動部品 - Google Patents
しゅう動部品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016129553A1 WO2016129553A1 PCT/JP2016/053657 JP2016053657W WO2016129553A1 WO 2016129553 A1 WO2016129553 A1 WO 2016129553A1 JP 2016053657 W JP2016053657 W JP 2016053657W WO 2016129553 A1 WO2016129553 A1 WO 2016129553A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dimples
- sliding
- sliding surface
- pressure fluid
- fluid side
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/164—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces the sealing action depending on movements; pressure difference, temperature or presence of leaking fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
- F16C17/045—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with grooves in the bearing surface to generate hydrodynamic pressure, e.g. spiral groove thrust bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
- F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
- F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
- F16J15/3412—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with cavities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
- F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
- F16J15/3424—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with microcavities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/44—Hole or pocket sizes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding part suitable for a sliding part, for example, a mechanical seal, a bearing, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a sliding component such as a seal ring or a bearing that requires a fluid to be interposed on a sliding surface to reduce friction and prevent fluid from leaking from the sliding surface.
- Patent Document 1 For example, in the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-287329 (hereinafter referred to as “Patent Document 1”), a large number of dimples having different depths are formed on the sliding surface, so that the other side slides during sliding. The load capacity due to the hydrodynamic bearing pressure generated in the fluid intervening with the surface is reduced in some dimples as the fluid temperature changes but increases in other dimples. In spite of this, the effect of always maintaining good sliding performance can be obtained. Further, the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- Patent Document 2 forms a sliding surface by depositing a hard film on the surface of a base material made of a sintered ceramic material, By adopting a structure having a large number of dimples on the sliding surface, the wear resistance is improved and the liquid lubricity by dimples is improved.
- Patent Document 1 focuses on the depth of the dimples provided on the sliding surface in order to always maintain good sliding performance regardless of temperature changes. No consideration has been given to satisfy both conditions. Further, the invention described in Patent Document 2 is intended to improve liquid lubricity by providing dimples on the sliding surface. As in Patent Document 1, both conflicting conditions of sealing and lubrication are compatible. No consideration is given to make it happen.
- porous (a porous material) and dimples are used for the purpose of improving fluid lubricity due to a dynamic pressure effect, but on the other hand, there is a risk of increasing the amount of leakage. Further, if the amount of porous and dimples is reduced so as to reduce the liquid film in order to reduce leakage, the sliding surfaces come into contact with each other and wear easily occurs. In the sliding surface, the portion to be worn is particularly the leakage side (low pressure fluid side). In order to achieve sealing, it is necessary to make the liquid film on the sliding surface thin, but at the same time, lubrication on the low-pressure fluid side is poor, and direct contact is likely to occur.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sliding part capable of satisfying the contradictory conditions of lubrication.
- a sliding component in which a plurality of dimples are arranged on at least one sliding surface of a pair of sliding components that slide relative to each other.
- the dimples are provided independently of each other, and the area ratio of the plurality of dimples is set smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface.
- the sliding component of the present invention is secondly arranged in the first feature such that a plurality of dimples having different opening diameters are randomly distributed, and the arrangement density is on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface. It is characterized by being set so as to be smaller on the low-pressure fluid side. According to this feature, it is possible to improve the sliding characteristics, that is, to reduce the friction coefficient, in a wide range of the number of bearing characteristics on the sliding surface.
- the sliding component of the present invention is characterized in that, in the second feature, the plurality of dimples have an opening diameter in a range of 10 to 500 ⁇ m. According to this feature, the sliding characteristics can be further improved in a wide range of the number of bearing characteristics on the sliding surface.
- the plurality of dimples are set to have substantially the same opening diameter, and the arrangement density thereof is higher than that of the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface. And is set to be small on the low-pressure fluid side. This feature is easy to manufacture.
- the area ratio of the plurality of dimples is 30 to 50% in any one of the first to fourth characteristics. According to this feature, it is possible to achieve both sealing and lubrication on the sliding surface.
- the sliding component of the present invention is sixthly characterized in that in any one of the first to fifth features, the plurality of dimples have a depth set in a range of 50 to 10,000 nm. According to this feature, the friction coefficient on the sliding surface can be reduced.
- the sliding component of the present invention is seventhly characterized in that in any one of the first to sixth features, the plurality of dimples have a depth set in a range of 50 to 1000 nm. According to this feature, it is possible to improve the sliding characteristics at an extremely low speed on the sliding surface.
- the present invention has the following excellent effects. (1) On the high pressure fluid side of the sliding surface, fluid lubrication is achieved by the dynamic pressure effect. On the low pressure fluid side, fluid is retained in the dimples while the fluid is held in the dimples to prevent liquid film breakage and wear due to direct contact. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both sealing and lubrication on the sliding surface.
- a plurality of dimples having different opening diameters are arranged so as to be distributed at random, and the arrangement density is set to be smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface.
- the sliding characteristics can be improved, that is, the friction coefficient can be reduced in a wide range of the number of bearing characteristics on the surface.
- the sliding characteristics can be further improved in a wide range of bearing characteristics on the sliding surface.
- the plurality of dimples are set to have substantially the same opening diameter, and the arrangement density is set to be smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface. Sliding parts that can achieve both sealing and lubrication can be easily manufactured.
- the friction coefficient on the sliding surface can be reduced.
- Example 1 of this invention With reference to FIG. 1 thru
- a mechanical seal which is an example of a sliding component, will be described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, lubricating oil is applied to one axial side of a cylindrical sliding surface. It can also be used as a sliding part of a bearing that slides on a rotating shaft while being sealed.
- the outer peripheral side of the sliding part constituting the mechanical seal is described as the high pressure fluid side (sealed fluid side) and the inner peripheral side is described as the low pressure fluid side (atmosphere side)
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where the high pressure fluid side and the low pressure fluid side are reversed.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a mechanical seal, which is an inside type that seals a sealed fluid on the high-pressure fluid side that is about to leak from the outer periphery of the sliding surface toward the inner peripheral direction.
- a mechanical seal which is an inside type that seals a sealed fluid on the high-pressure fluid side that is about to leak from the outer periphery of the sliding surface toward the inner peripheral direction.
- annular ring which is one sliding component provided on the rotary shaft 1 side for driving a pump impeller (not shown) on the high pressure fluid side via a sleeve 2 so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotary shaft 1.
- the annular stationary side sealing ring 5 which is the other sliding part provided in the pump housing 4 in a non-rotating state and movable in the axial direction.
- FIG. 1 shows the case where the width of the sliding surface of the rotation-side sealing ring 3 is wider than the width of the sliding surface of the stationary-side sealing ring 5.
- the present invention can also be applied.
- the material of the rotating side sealing ring 3 and the stationary side sealing ring 5 is selected from silicon carbide (SiC) having excellent wear resistance and carbon having excellent self-lubricating properties.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the side seal ring 3 can be made of SiC and the fixed side seal ring 5 can be combined with carbon.
- dimples 10 are disposed on at least one of the sliding surfaces of the rotating side sealing ring 3 and the stationary side sealing ring 5 that slide relative to each other.
- a plurality of dimples 10 are disposed on the sliding surface S of the stationary seal ring 5.
- the rotation-side sealing ring 3 may or may not be provided with dimples.
- the cross-sectional shape of the sliding component 1 is a convex shape as shown in FIG. 1 (c), and the top surface forms a flat sliding surface S.
- a large number of dimples 10 as shown in FIG. 1B are provided on the sliding surface S independently. These dimples 10 are not the entire radial width of the sliding surface S, but the low-pressure fluid side sealing surface IS formed so that the flat land portion R remains on the entire circumference with a constant width on the low-pressure fluid side. It is provided in the part. On the high pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S, the dimple 10 may be provided up to the edge.
- the “dimple” is a recess formed in the flat sliding surface S, and the shape thereof is not particularly limited.
- the planar shape of the depression includes various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, an oval, or a polygon
- the sectional shape of the depression includes various shapes such as a bowl or a rectangle.
- a large number of dimples 10 formed on the sliding surface S allow a part of the liquid to intervene as a hydrodynamic lubricating liquid film between the sliding surface S and the opposing sliding surface that slides relative to the sliding surface S. Holding and stabilizing the lubricating liquid film.
- Each dimple 10 can be regarded as constituting a Rayleigh step as shown in FIG.
- a Rayleigh step 10a extending in a direction orthogonal to the cross section of the drawing is formed on the sliding surface S (R) of the fixed side sealing ring 5, and the sliding surface S of the rotation side sealing ring 3 is flat. Is formed.
- the fluid interposed between the sliding surfaces tends to follow in the direction of the arrow due to its viscosity.
- the presence of the Rayleigh step 10a causes a dynamic pressure (positive pressure). Pressure).
- the generation of dynamic pressure increases the lubricating liquid film between the sliding surfaces, thereby improving the lubricating performance. While the lubrication performance is improved by the dynamic pressure effect, the amount of leakage may increase, and if the amount of dimples is reduced to reduce the amount of leakage to reduce the amount of leakage, the sliding surface S will contact and cause wear. It becomes easy.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a part of the sliding surface S.
- a plurality of dimples 10 are randomly arranged on the sliding surface of the portion excluding the low-pressure fluid-side sealing surface IS.
- the area ratio is set smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S.
- the “area ratio of a plurality of dimples” is the total of the dimple opening area in the area of the sliding surface S of the portion where the dimples are provided.
- the area ratio is set smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S” means that the area ratio in the unit circumferential length L is in all the circumferential portions of the sliding surface S.
- the radial direction of the sliding surface S is not limited to the case where the area ratio changes continuously, but includes a case where the area ratio changes discontinuously.
- the “high-pressure fluid side” and “low-pressure fluid side” represent the side in the radial direction of the sliding surface S, but the sliding surface on the high-pressure fluid side and the sliding surface on the low-pressure fluid side.
- B where B is the width of the portion excluding the radial width of the low-pressure fluid-side sealing surface IS, the point of B / 2, which is an intermediate point of B, is used as a guide.
- the individual sizes (for example, diameters) of the dimples 10 may be all the same, all may be different, or some may be the same and some may be different.
- the area ratio of the dimple 10 only needs to be set smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S.
- a low-pressure fluid-side sealing surface IS is formed so that a flat land R remains on the entire circumference with a constant width on the low-pressure fluid side, and the sliding surface is removed from the low-pressure fluid-side sealing surface IS.
- a plurality of dimples 10 having different opening diameters are arranged so as to be distributed randomly independently of each other, and the area ratio of the plurality of dimples 10 is larger than that of the sliding surface S on the high-pressure fluid side. It is provided to be small on the low-pressure fluid side.
- the area ratio of the plurality of dimples 10 is preferably set to 30 to 50% in order to achieve both sealing and lubrication.
- a method for processing dimples on the sliding surface will be described as follows. (1) A random number is used to determine the diameter and position of the hole in the metal mask. (2) A hole is made in the metal mask by laser processing or the like with the determined diameter and position. (3) A metal mask with a random hole is installed on the sliding surface of the subject sliding component. (4) Dimples are formed on the sliding surface by irradiating a femtosecond laser or picosecond laser from above the metal mask or by using holes in the metal mask by ion etching or the like. Dimples having different opening diameters are uniformly arranged on the sliding surface with a predetermined distribution.
- the random distribution of the plurality of dimples 10 having different opening diameters is set according to the bearing characteristic number G (fluid viscosity ⁇ speed / load) of the sliding surface.
- the opening diameter is The thickness is preferably set in the range of 10 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m. Therefore, the fluid lubrication transition point shifts to the low G side, the friction coefficient at the fluid lubrication transition point decreases, and the friction coefficient decreases in a wide range of rotation speeds.
- the depth of the plurality of dimples 10 is preferably set within a range of 50 to 10,000 nm, for example, from the viewpoint of reducing the friction coefficient, but preferably when the sliding characteristics at extremely low speed are important. It is set within the range of 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably 50 to 500 nm.
- the sliding part of Example 1 has the following effects. (1) Since the area ratio of the plurality of dimples 10 is set smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S, fluid lubrication is achieved on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S due to the dynamic pressure effect. On the low-pressure fluid side, the fluid is held in the dimple 10 while suppressing leakage while the fluid film breakage is suppressed and wear due to direct contact can be prevented, so that both sliding and lubrication on the sliding surface can be achieved. . (2) A plurality of dimples 10 having different opening diameters are arranged so as to be randomly distributed, and the arrangement density is set to be smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than on the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S.
- the sliding characteristics can be improved, that is, the friction coefficient can be reduced in a wide range of the bearing characteristics number G on the sliding surface.
- the area ratio of the plurality of dimples 10 is 30 to 50%, both sealing and lubrication on the sliding surface S can be achieved.
- the opening diameter of the plurality of dimples is preferably set in the range of 10 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m, so that the fluid lubrication transition point shifts to the low G side and the friction coefficient at the fluid lubrication transition point.
- the friction coefficient can be reduced in a wide range of rotation speeds.
- (5) By setting the depth of the plurality of dimples 10 within the range of 50 to 10,000 nm, the friction coefficient on the sliding surface S can be reduced.
- (6) By setting the depth of the plurality of dimples 10 in the range of preferably 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably 50 to 500 nm, the sliding characteristics at the extremely low speed on the sliding surface can be improved. .
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the opening diameters of a plurality of dimples are set to be substantially the same, but the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.
- Example 2 shown in FIG. 5 the opening diameters of the plurality of dimples 11 are set to be substantially the same, and the arrangement density is set smaller on the low-pressure fluid side than the high-pressure fluid side of the sliding surface S.
- the arrangement form of the plurality of dimples 11 may be distributed randomly or regularly.
- the dimples 11 provided in the vicinity of the outer peripheral side of the low-pressure fluid-side sealing surface IS formed so that the flat land R on the low-pressure fluid side remains on the entire circumference with a constant width are regular in the circumferential direction.
- the dimples 11 arranged at intervals and the other portions are randomly distributed. Further, in the sliding surface on the low-pressure fluid side, there is a portion where the dimple 11 is not provided in the radial intermediate portion.
- the sliding component according to the second embodiment has the same effects as the first embodiment, and is easy to manufacture because the opening diameters of the plurality of dimples 11 are set to be substantially the same.
- the sliding component is used in any one of the pair of rotation sealing rings and the fixing sealing ring in the mechanical seal device.
- the lubricating oil is provided on one axial side of the cylindrical sliding surface. It is also possible to use as a sliding part of a bearing that slides on a rotating shaft while sealing.
- a plurality of dimples having different opening diameters are randomly distributed
- a plurality of dimples having substantially the same opening diameter are randomly and regularly arranged.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- a plurality of dimples whose opening diameters are sequentially reduced from the high-pressure fluid side to the low-pressure fluid side are regularly arranged. You may make it do.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、特開2000-169266号公報(以下、「特許文献2」という。)に記載の発明は、焼結したセラミックス材料からなる下地材の表面に硬質皮膜を蒸着したしゅう動面を形成し、このしゅう動面に、多数のディンプルを有する構成とすることにより、耐摩耗性の向上を図ると共に、ディンプルによる液体潤滑性の向上を図るようにしたものである。
また、特許文献2に記載の発明は、しゅう動面にディンプルを設けることで液体潤滑性の向上を図るようにしたものであるが、特許文献1と同様、密封と潤滑という相反する条件を両立させるための考察はされていない。
また、漏れを減らすため液膜を薄くするようにポーラスおよびディンプルの量を少なくすると、しゅう動面が接触し摩耗を起こしやすくなる。
しゅう動面において、摩耗する個所は、特に漏れ側(低圧流体側)である。密封するためにはしゅう動面の液膜を薄くする必要があるが、同時に低圧流体側での潤滑が乏しくなり、直接接触を起こしやすくなる。
この特徴によれば、しゅう動面の高圧流体側においては動圧効果により流体潤滑となり、低圧流体側においては漏れを抑制しつつ、ディンプルに流体を保持して液膜切れを抑制し、直接接触による摩耗を防止できるため、しゅう動面における密封と潤滑の両立を図ることができる。
この特徴によれば、しゅう動面における軸受特性数の広い範囲においてしゅう動特性の向上、すなわち、摩擦係数の低減を図ることができる。
この特徴によれば、しゅう動面における軸受特性数の広い範囲において、より一層、しゅう動特性を向上することができる。
この特徴によれば、製作が容易である。
この特徴によれば、しゅう動面における密封と潤滑の両立を図ることができる。
この特徴によれば、しゅう動面における摩擦係数を低減することができる。
この特徴によれば、しゅう動面における極低速でのしゅう動特性を良好にすることができる。
(1)しゅう動面の高圧流体側においては動圧効果により流体潤滑となり、低圧流体側においては漏れを抑制しつつ、ディンプルに流体を保持して液膜切れを抑制し、直接接触による摩耗を防止できるため、しゅう動面における密封と潤滑の両立を図ることができる。
なお、メカニカルシールを構成するしゅう動部品の外周側を高圧流体側(被密封流体側)、内周側を低圧流体側(大気側)として説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されることなく、高圧流体側と低圧流体側とが逆の場合も適用可能である。
なお、図1では、回転側密封環3のしゅう動面の幅が固定側密封環5のしゅう動面の幅より広い場合を示しているが、これに限定されることなく、逆の場合においても本発明を適用出来ることはもちろんである。
相対しゅう動する回転側密封環3あるいは固定側密封環5の少なくともいずれか一方のしゅう動面には、図2に示すように、ディンプル10が配設されている。
本例では、固定側密封環5のしゅう動面Sに複数のディンプル10が配設されている。この場合、回転側密封環3にはディンプルは設けられなくても、設けられてもよい。
そして、しゅう動面Sに形成された多数のディンプル10は、このしゅう動面Sと相対しゅう動する相手側しゅう動面との間に流体力学的な潤滑液膜として介入する液体の一部を保持して、潤滑液膜を安定化させる機能を有するものである。
図3において、固定側密封環5のしゅう動面S(R)には図の断面と直交する方向に延びるレイリーステップ10aが形成されており、回転側密封環3のしゅう動面Sは平坦に形成されている。回転側密封環3が矢印で示す方向に相対移動すると、両しゅう動面間に介在する流体が、その粘性によって矢印方向に追随移動しようとし、その際、レイリーステップ10aの存在によって動圧(正圧)を発生する。動圧の発生によりしゅう動面間の潤滑液膜が増大され、潤滑性能が向上されるものである。動圧効果により潤滑性能が向上させられる一方、漏れ量が増える恐れがあり、漏れ量を減らすため潤滑液膜を薄くするようにディンプルの量を少なくすると、しゅう動面Sが接触し摩耗を起こしやすくなる。
ここで、「複数のディンプルの面積比率」とは、ディンプルの設けられる部分のしゅう動面Sの面積に占めるディンプルの開口面積の総計である。
また、「面積比率がしゅう動面Sの高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さく設定される」とは、しゅう動面Sの周方向の全ての部分において単位周長さLにおける面積比率が高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さく設定されることである。
なお、しゅう動面Sの径方向においては連続的に面積比率が変化する場合に限らず、不連続に変化する場合も含まれる。
また、「高圧流体側」及び「低圧流体側」とは、しゅう動面Sの径方向における側(サイド)を表すものであるが、高圧流体側のしゅう動面と低圧流体側のしゅう動面との区分けは、低圧流体側密封面ISの径方向の幅を除いた部分の幅をBとした場合、Bの中間点であるB/2の点を目安とする。
図4においては、低圧流体側において平坦なランド部Rが一定幅で全周に残るように形成された低圧流体側密封面ISが設けられ、該低圧流体側密封面ISを除いたしゅう動面の部分に、開口径の異なる複数のディンプル10が相互に他のディンプルと独立してランダムに分布するよう配置され、複数のディンプル10の面積比率が、しゅう動面Sの高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さくなるように設けられている。
複数のディンプル10の面積比率は、密封と潤滑の両立を図るため、30~50%に設定されることが好ましい。
(1)乱数を用いて金属マスクにあける孔の径と位置とを決定する。
(2)決定された径と位置とで金属マスクにレーザ加工などで孔をあける。
(3)ランダムに孔のあけられた金属マスクを対象となるしゅう動部品のしゅう動面上に設置する。
(4)金属マスクの上からフェムト秒レーザあるいはピコ秒レーザを照射したり、イオンエッチングなどで金属マスクの孔を利用してしゅう動面にディンプルを形成する。しゅう動面には、開口径の異なるディンプルが所定の分布でもって一様に配置される。
また、複数のディンプル10の深さは、例えば、摩擦係数低減の面から50~10000nmの範囲内に設定されることが好ましいが、極低速でのしゅう動特性を重視する場合には、好ましくは50~1000nm、より好ましくは50~500nmの範囲内に設定される。
(1)複数のディンプル10の面積比率がしゅう動面Sの高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さく設定されることにより、しゅう動面Sの高圧流体側においては動圧効果により流体潤滑となり、低圧流体側においては漏れを抑制しつつ、ディンプル10に流体を保持して液膜切れを抑制し、直接接触による摩耗を防止できるため、しゅう動面における密封と潤滑の両立を図ることができる。
(2)開口径の異なる複数のディンプル10がランダムに分布するように配置され、その配置密度がしゅう動面Sの高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さくなるように設定されることにより、しゅう動面における軸受特性数Gの広い範囲においてしゅう動特性の向上、すなわち、摩擦係数の低減を図ることができる。
(3)複数のディンプル10の面積比率が30~50%であることにより、しゅう動面Sにおける密封と潤滑の両立を図ることができる。
(4)複数のディンプルの開口径が好ましくは10~500μm、より好ましくは30~100μmの範囲に設定されることにより、流体潤滑遷移点が低G側へシフトするとともに流体潤滑遷移点における摩擦係数が低下し、また、広い範囲の回転数域で摩擦係数を低減することができる。
(5)複数のディンプル10の深さが50~10000nmの範囲に設定されることにより、しゅう動面Sにおける摩擦係数を低減することができる。
(6)複数のディンプル10の深さが好ましくは50~1000nm、より好ましくは50~500nmの範囲に設定されることにより、しゅう動面における極低速でのしゅう動特性を良好にすることができる。
実施例2においては、複数のディンプルの開口径が略同一に設定される点で実施例1と相違するがその他の構成は実施例1と同じであり、重複する説明は省略する。
複数のディンプル11の配置形態は、ランダムに分布されてもよく、あるいは、規則的に分布されてもよい。
図5では、低圧流体側において平坦なランド部Rが一定幅で全周に残るように形成された低圧流体側密封面ISの外周側の近傍に設けられたディンプル11は周方向に規則的な間隔で配置され、それ以外の部分のディンプル11は、ランダムに分布されている。また、低圧流体側のしゅう動面において、径方向の中間部にはディンプル11の設けられていない部分がある。
2 スリーブ
3 回転環
4 ハウジング
5 固定環
6 コイルドウェーブスプリング
7 ベローズ
10 ディンプル
11 ディンプル
S しゅう動面
R ランド部
IS 低圧流体側密封面
Claims (7)
- 一対のしゅう動部品の互いに相対しゅう動する少なくとも一方側のしゅう動面にディンプルが複数配置されたしゅう動部品において、前記複数のディンプルは相互に他のディンプルと独立して設けられ、前記複数のディンプルの面積比率は、前記しゅう動面の高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さく設定されることを特徴とするしゅう動部品。
- 開口径の異なる複数のディンプルがランダムに分布するように配置され、その配置密度が前記しゅう動面の高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さくなるように設定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のしゅう動部品。
- 前記複数のディンプルは、開口径が10~500μmの範囲に設定されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のしゅう動部品。
- 前記複数のディンプルは、開口径が略同一に設定され、その配置密度は、前記しゅう動面の高圧流体側に比べて低圧流体側において小さくなるように設定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のしゅう動部品。
- 前記複数のディンプルの面積比率は、30~50%であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のしゅう動部品。
- 前記複数のディンプルは、深さが50~10000nmの範囲に設定されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のしゅう動部品。
- 前記複数のディンプルは、深さが50~1000nmの範囲に設定されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のしゅう動部品。
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US11994216B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2024-05-28 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding component |
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EP3258145A4 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
JPWO2016129553A1 (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
CN107208805B (zh) | 2019-03-19 |
KR20170102531A (ko) | 2017-09-11 |
JP6683630B2 (ja) | 2020-04-22 |
CN107208805A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
EP3258145A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
KR101970231B1 (ko) | 2019-04-18 |
EP3258145B1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
US10132411B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
US20180017163A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
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