WO2016125204A1 - ロボットのぶれ自動調整装置及びロボットのぶれ自動調整方法 - Google Patents
ロボットのぶれ自動調整装置及びロボットのぶれ自動調整方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125204A1 WO2016125204A1 PCT/JP2015/000501 JP2015000501W WO2016125204A1 WO 2016125204 A1 WO2016125204 A1 WO 2016125204A1 JP 2015000501 W JP2015000501 W JP 2015000501W WO 2016125204 A1 WO2016125204 A1 WO 2016125204A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1679—Programme controls characterised by the tasks executed
- B25J9/1692—Calibration of manipulator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1628—Programme controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1641—Programme controls characterised by the control loop compensation for backlash, friction, compliance, elasticity in the joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
- B25J11/0095—Manipulators transporting wafers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
- B25J9/041—Cylindrical coordinate type
- B25J9/042—Cylindrical coordinate type comprising an articulated arm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/12—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/12—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements electric
- B25J9/126—Rotary actuators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
- G05B19/27—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path using an absolute digital measuring device
- G05B19/29—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path using an absolute digital measuring device for point-to-point control
- G05B19/291—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path using an absolute digital measuring device for point-to-point control the positional error is used to control continuously the servomotor according to its magnitude
- G05B19/298—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path using an absolute digital measuring device for point-to-point control the positional error is used to control continuously the servomotor according to its magnitude with a combination of feedback covered by G05B19/293 - G05B19/296
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67242—Apparatus for monitoring, sorting or marking
- H01L21/67259—Position monitoring, e.g. misposition detection or presence detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/677—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/687—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
- H01L21/68707—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches the wafers being placed on a robot blade, or gripped by a gripper for conveyance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
- G05B2219/34013—Servocontroller
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45031—Manufacturing semiconductor wafers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S901/00—Robots
- Y10S901/02—Arm motion controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S901/00—Robots
- Y10S901/14—Arm movement, spatial
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S901/00—Robots
- Y10S901/19—Drive system for arm
- Y10S901/23—Electric motor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a robot shake automatic adjustment device and a robot shake automatic adjustment method.
- a link type horizontal articulated transfer robot is used.
- a lateral shake hereinafter also referred to as a lateral shake
- a linear motion occurs with respect to the motion trajectory of the robot during a linear motion.
- the hand movement is determined by several types of parameters for controlling the movement of each joint axis. For this reason, conventionally, the parameters of all linear motion patterns are manually adjusted using a measuring instrument, and the lateral movement of the robot is adjusted.
- an object of the present invention is to easily and automatically adjust the shake of the robot.
- An automatic shake adjustment apparatus for a robot is an apparatus that automatically adjusts shake during linear movement of a predetermined portion of a tip portion of an arm of a robot including an arm having a plurality of joint axes.
- a storage unit that stores in advance a plurality of control parameters for controlling the movement of each axis of the arm so that the predetermined part moves linearly according to the target locus for linear movement of the predetermined part;
- a control parameter setting unit for setting control parameter values; and a robot for controlling the operation of each axis of the arm so that the predetermined portion moves linearly based on the target locus and the set control parameters
- a blur acquisition unit that acquires, as the blur, a deviation amount of the trajectory of the predetermined part with respect to the target trajectory with respect to a point on the trace, and a blur that is acquired by the blur acquisition unit or a weighted value of the blur
- Parameter optimization that optimizes the combination of the plurality of control parameters by repeatedly performing the setting unit, the robot control unit, the shake acquisition unit, and the determination unit It comprises a part, a.
- the blur means an amount of deviation of the position of the predetermined part with respect to the target locus of the predetermined part to be linearly moved. That is, the shake includes a shake in at least one of a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, and an oblique direction with respect to the target locus.
- the shake of a predetermined part (for example, an end effector) that moves linearly can be converged within a predetermined range by comprehensively and repeatedly changing a plurality of control parameters. Can be determined. As a result, it is possible to automatically adjust the control parameter of the predetermined part of the robot without depending on the conventional manual operation.
- a predetermined part for example, an end effector
- the arm includes a servo motor that drives each of the plurality of joint axes, and the parameter optimization unit may preferentially change control parameters related to the rotor speed and angular velocity of the servo motor of each axis. Good.
- the shake can be suitably converged.
- the determination unit determines whether or not the shake evaluation value acquired by the shake acquisition unit is less than or equal to a second threshold value smaller than the predetermined threshold after the shake evaluation value becomes less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value.
- the parameter optimization unit causes the control parameter unit to newly set any one of the plurality of control parameters when the blur evaluation value is greater than the second threshold value, and the blur evaluation value is Until the second threshold value or less, new setting of the control parameter, linear movement of the end effector, acquisition of the shake, and determination are performed respectively for the control parameter setting unit, the robot control unit, and the shake acquisition. And the determination unit may be repeatedly performed to optimize the combination of the plurality of control parameters.
- the deviation amount of the locus of the predetermined portion is a distance between the measuring jig provided with a plane parallel to the target locus of the predetermined portion and the relative position of the predetermined portion with respect to the measuring jig. It may be acquired based on the sensor.
- the deviation amount of the motion trajectory can be suitably measured.
- the robot may be a horizontal articulated robot.
- the predetermined portion may be an end effector attached to the arm tip of the robot.
- the blur acquisition unit is configured to detect the target with respect to the target trajectory between a point on the target trajectory corresponding to one or more times in the linear movement of the end effector and a point on the trajectory during the linear movement of the end effector.
- the deviation amount of the trajectory of the end effector in the lateral direction orthogonal to the trajectory may be acquired as a lateral shake.
- a method for automatically adjusting shake of a robot which is executed by a device that automatically adjusts shake during linear movement of a predetermined portion of the tip of the arm of a robot having a plurality of joint axes.
- a target locus for linearly moving the predetermined portion and a plurality of control parameters for controlling the operation of each axis of the arm so that the predetermined portion moves linearly according to the target locus are stored in the storage unit in advance.
- the predetermined portion may be an end effector attached to the tip of the arm of the robot.
- a point on the target locus corresponding to one or more times in the linear movement of the end effector and a point on the locus at the time of the linear movement of the end effector with respect to the target locus The amount of deviation of the trajectory of the end effector in the lateral direction orthogonal to the target trajectory may be acquired as a lateral shake.
- the shake of the robot can be easily and automatically adjusted.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a robot shake automatic adjustment system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the robot control device of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a part of the control device of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the automatic side shake adjustment process of the robot.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the lateral blur measurement result.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a robot shake automatic adjustment system according to an embodiment.
- the robot shake automatic adjustment system (blur automatic adjustment device) 100 includes a control device 2, a measurement jig 3, and a distance sensor 4.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a robot that is a subject of shake adjustment.
- the “side shake” of the robot 1 is exemplified as the “blurring” of the robot 1, but the “blurring” of the robot 1 can be appropriately adjusted as in the following illustration.
- the robot 1 includes, for example, an arm 6 having a plurality of joint axes, and an end effector 15 provided at the tip of the arm 6.
- the robot 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a robot including an arm having a plurality of joint axes.
- the “joint axis” is a so-called joint, and includes a rotary joint that performs a rotational motion and a straight joint that performs a linear motion. Therefore, the robot 1 includes not only a so-called articulated robot but also a linear motion type robot. In this embodiment, it is a horizontal articulated transfer robot.
- the robot 1 carries, for example, a semiconductor wafer, a glass substrate for a display panel, and the like in a semiconductor processing facility.
- the arm 6 of the robot 1 includes an elevating shaft 11 provided on the base 10, a first link 12 provided on the elevating shaft 11, and a second link 13 provided at the tip of the first link 12.
- the third link 14 is provided at the tip of the second link 13 and the end effector 15 is provided at the tip of the third link 14.
- a joint servo (not shown) of the arm 6 includes a servo motor for driving and an encoder as an example of an angle detector capable of detecting the angle of the joint (not shown).
- the end effector 15 is a hand, for example. During transport, the hand grips a substrate (not shown) such as a semiconductor wafer, but instead grips the distance sensor 4 for measurement.
- the control device 2 controls the operation of each axis of the arm 6 so that the end effector 15 moves linearly according to the target locus 5 for linearly moving the end effector 15.
- the target trajectory 5 of the end effector 15 is a straight line indicated by a dotted line connecting the points P1 and P2, and includes a forward path from the point P1 to the point P2 and a return path from the point P2 to the point P1. That is, by extending and retracting the arm 6, the end effector 15 linearly moves in the forward path from the starting point P1 (standby position) to the point P2 (teaching position), and then linearly moves in the backward path from the point P2 to the point P1. Return to the standby position.
- the target locus 5 is set for each of a plurality of ports having different positions and heights such as FOUP during conveyance.
- the measuring jig 3 is arranged along the target locus 5 of the end effector 15 and includes a wall surface 3 a parallel to the target locus 5.
- the distance sensor 4 is disposed on and gripped by the end effector 15.
- the distance sensor 4 includes components such as a sensor head and a sensor amplifier. Infrared rays are irradiated from the sensor head to the wall surface 3a of the measuring jig 3, and the distance between the distance sensor 4 and the wall surface 3a of the measuring jig 3 is measured. By performing this while the robot 1 is operating, the lateral shake is measured.
- the side shake is orthogonal to the target trajectory 5 with respect to the target trajectory 5 between a point on the target trajectory 5 corresponding to one or more times in the linear movement and a point on the trajectory when the end effector 15 is linearly moved.
- the amount of deviation (deviation) of the trajectory of the lateral end effector 15 in the horizontal direction includes a shake in at least one of a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, and an oblique direction with respect to the target locus 5, but in the present embodiment, a shake in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the target locus 5 is measured.
- the distance sensor 4 is configured to output a measurement result to the control device 2 by wireless or wired communication.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control device 2.
- the control device 2 includes a calculation unit 21, a servo control unit 22, a storage unit 23, and a communication interface (not shown).
- the control device 2 is a robot controller that is connected to the robot 1 via a control line (not shown) and includes a computer such as a microcontroller.
- the control device 2 has a function of automatically adjusting the side shake of the robot 1.
- the control device 2 is not limited to a single device, and may be composed of a plurality of devices including a device having an automatic blur adjustment function described later.
- the arm 6 is driven by the servo motor 20 while controlling the position of a plurality of servo motors 20 built in each joint axis of the arm 6.
- the storage unit 23 stores in advance the basic program of the control device 2, the robot operation program, the target locus 5, and the control parameters.
- the calculation unit 21 is a calculation device that executes various calculation processes for robot control, and generates a control command for the robot by executing the basic program of the control device 2, the robot operation program, and the automatic shake adjustment program. Output to the servo controller 22.
- the computing unit 21 is configured to realize each functional block including the control parameter setting unit 24, the shake acquisition unit 25, the determination unit 26, and the parameter optimization unit 27 (operates as each functional block). ing.
- the control parameter setting unit 24 sets a plurality of control parameter values.
- the control parameters are a plurality of adjustment parameters for controlling the operation of each axis of the arm 6 so that the end effector 15 moves linearly according to the target locus 5.
- the control parameter may be any adjustment parameter that affects the “blurring” of the robot 1.
- Servo control unit 22 controls the operation of each axis of arm 6 so that end effector 15 moves linearly based on target locus 5 and a plurality of set control parameters.
- the shake acquisition unit 25 acquires a shake evaluation value that is a shake or a weighted value of the shake. More specifically, measurement data relating to shake is received from the distance sensor 4, and a shake evaluation value is calculated based on the measurement data.
- the determination unit 26 determines whether or not the shake acquired by the shake acquisition unit 25 or a shake evaluation value that is a weighted value of the shake is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the parameter optimization unit 27 causes the control parameter setting unit 24 to newly set any one of the plurality of control parameters when the shake evaluation value is larger than the predetermined threshold value, and the shake evaluation value is less than the predetermined threshold value. Until the control parameter setting unit 24, the servo control unit 22, the shake acquisition unit 25, and the determination unit 26 are repeatedly performed, the control parameter setting unit 24, the servo control unit 22, the shake acquisition unit 25, and the determination are performed. To optimize the combination of multiple control parameters.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a part of the control parameter setting unit 24 and the servo control unit 22 in the control device 2. 3 shows only motor control of the joint axis (hereinafter referred to as A axis) of the third link 14 and the joint axis (hereinafter referred to as B axis) of the end effector (hand) 15 in FIG. Since the same applies to the joint axis, the description thereof is omitted.
- the control parameter setting unit 24 includes digital filter units 31 and 32, adders 33 and 34, speed and acceleration parameter setting units 40 to 45, and A-axis and B-axis motor control units. 50, 51.
- the speed and acceleration are the speed and angular velocity of the rotor of the A-axis and B-axis servomotors 20, respectively.
- the control parameters include, for example, the A-axis speed feedforward gain Kv1, the A-axis acceleration feedforward gain Ka1, the speed feedforward gain Kv2 for causing the A-axis action to act on the B-axis, and the A-axis action on the B-axis. They are an acceleration feedforward gain Ka2 for acting, a B-axis velocity feedforward gain Kv3, and a B-axis acceleration feedforward gain Ka3.
- the digital filter unit 31 performs a filtering process on the A-axis position command signal input from the calculation unit 21 and adds it to an adder 33, a speed parameter setting unit 40, an acceleration parameter setting unit 41, a speed parameter setting unit 42, and The result is output to the acceleration parameter setting unit 43.
- the digital filter unit 31 is, for example, an FIR filter.
- the speed parameter setting unit 40 weights the filtered A-axis position command signal input from the digital filter unit 31 with the speed feedforward gain Kv1, and outputs this to the adder 33.
- the acceleration parameter setting unit 41 weights the filtered A-axis position command signal input from the digital filter unit 31 with the acceleration feedforward gain Ka1, and outputs this to the adder 33.
- the adder 33 adds the calculation results input from the digital filter unit 31, the speed parameter setting unit 40, and the acceleration parameter setting unit 41, and outputs the result to the motor control unit 50.
- the feed-forward compensation is performed by adding the speed and acceleration control parameters to the A-axis position command signal before the A-axis position control.
- the motor control unit 50 feedback-controls the operation of the A-axis servomotor 20 based on the A-axis position command after feedforward compensation input from the adder 33.
- the speed parameter setting unit 42 weights the A-axis position command signal input from the digital filter unit 31 with the speed feedforward gain Kv2, and outputs this to the adder 34.
- the acceleration parameter setting unit 43 weights the acceleration feedforward gain Ka2 to the A-axis position command signal input from the digital filter unit 31, and outputs this to the adder 34.
- the digital filter unit 32 performs a filtering process on the B-axis position command signal input from the calculation unit 21 and outputs the filtered signal to the adder 34, the speed parameter setting unit 44, and the acceleration parameter setting unit 45.
- the digital filter unit 32 is, for example, an FIR filter.
- the speed parameter setting unit 44 weights the filtered B-axis position command signal input from the digital filter unit 32 with the speed feedforward gain Kv3, and outputs this to the adder 34.
- the acceleration parameter setting unit 45 weights the filtered B-axis position command signal input from the digital filter unit 32 with the acceleration feedforward gain Ka3, and outputs this to the adder 34.
- the adder 34 adds the calculation results input from the speed parameter setting unit 42, the acceleration parameter setting unit 43, the digital filter unit 32, the speed parameter setting unit 44, and the acceleration parameter setting unit 45, Output to the shaft motor control unit 51.
- feed-forward compensation is performed by adding the speed and acceleration control parameters for the A axis and the speed and acceleration control parameters for the B axis to the B axis position command signal before the B axis position control. It is configured as follows.
- the motor control unit 51 feedback-controls the operation of the B-axis servomotor 20 based on the B-axis position command after feedforward compensation input from the adder 34.
- the servo control unit 22 performs normal position control to control the servo motor 20 of each axis.
- the operation of the third link 14 is given as feedforward control to the position command of the hand operation by setting the values of the control parameters. That is, by setting the control parameter value to an appropriate value for the position command signal of each axis, the angle and position of each axis of the arm 6 while maintaining the target locus 5 (FIG. 1) of the end effector 15 is maintained. Can be changed with each other.
- such a mechanism is used to automatically adjust the lateral shake when the end effector 15 is linearly moved.
- the side shake automatic adjustment processing of the robot 1 by the control device 2 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- initial setting is performed first (step S1). Specifically, the zeroing of the distance sensor 4 and the offset of the distance between the distance sensor 4 and the measuring jig 3 are adjusted. Since the measurement range of the distance sensor 4 is determined in advance by specifications, the positions of both are corrected so as to fall within the measurement range before measurement.
- control parameter setting unit 24 sets or changes the values of a plurality of control parameters. Initially, a predetermined value is set as an initial value.
- the control parameters are set preferentially with respect to the control parameters relating to the speed of the rotor of the servo motor 20 and the angular speed shown in FIG. Since these control parameters greatly contribute to the lateral movement of the linear movement locus, the lateral movement can be suitably converged.
- step S3 side shake is measured (step S3).
- the servo control unit 22 controls the operation of each axis of the arm 6 so that the end effector 15 linearly moves based on the target locus 5 and the plurality of control parameters set in step S2.
- the arm 6 By causing the arm 6 to expand and contract, the end effector 15 linearly moves in the forward path from P1 to point P2, and then returns to the original standby position by linearly moving in the backward path from point P2 to point P1 (see FIG. 1).
- the lateral shake is measured by the distance sensor 4, and the shake acquisition unit 25 receives measurement data related to the lateral shake from the distance sensor 4.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the lateral blur measurement result.
- the horizontal axis of the graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents the distance between the measuring jig 3 and the distance sensor 4. Note that the center value of the measured value is deviated due to an attachment error of the distance sensor 4 or the measuring jig 3, but the measured value shown here is corrected by digital processing.
- MAX is a maximum value in the plus direction with the center value MID as a reference.
- MIN is a minimum value in the minus direction with respect to the center value MID.
- the lateral shake includes a lateral shake in the positive direction and a lateral shake in the negative direction from the center value MID (one-dot chain line) on the target locus 5.
- the side shake is caused by the target trajectory 5 with respect to the target trajectory 5 between the point on the target trajectory 5 corresponding to one or more times in the linear movement of the end effector 15 and the point on the trajectory when the end effector 15 is linearly moved. This is the amount of deviation of the trajectory of the end effector 15 in the transverse direction orthogonal to each other.
- the determination unit 26 performs determination using a side shake evaluation value which is a side shake or a weighted value of the side shake. For this reason, in this embodiment, the shake acquisition unit 25 calculates a side shake evaluation value that is a weighted value of the side shake.
- the formula for calculating the side shake evaluation value is arbitrary. Any calculation formula may be used as long as the measured value of the side shake approaches the center, the evaluation value decreases and falls below the threshold value.
- an evaluation line is set as shown in FIG. 5, and when the evaluation line is below the plus direction or exceeds the minus evaluation line, the side shake evaluation value is weighted to be low.
- the determination unit 26 determines whether or not the side shake evaluation value is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the parameter optimization unit 27 proceeds to the next step S5 if the evaluation value is smaller than the evaluation value at the previous measurement. On the other hand, if the evaluation value is the same as or increased from the previous value, the process returns to step S2.
- step S5 it is determined whether or not the evaluation value satisfies the instantaneous threshold value (step S5).
- the determination is performed using the instantaneous threshold value and the stable threshold value. For example, in the first stage, the instantaneous threshold value a1 and the stable threshold value b1 are used, and the stable threshold value b1 is set to a value larger than the instantaneous threshold value a1.
- the determination unit 26 determines whether or not the evaluation value satisfies the instantaneous threshold value, and the parameter optimization unit 27 proceeds to the next step if satisfied, and returns to step S2 if not satisfied.
- the parameter optimization unit 27 further causes the lateral shake measurement to be executed five times (step S6). And the determination part 26 determines whether the evaluation value by these measurements satisfy
- the parameter optimization unit 27 proceeds to the next step when the evaluation value satisfies the stability threshold value, and returns to step S2 when it does not satisfy the evaluation value.
- the parameter optimization unit 27 checks whether or not the stability threshold used in step S7 is the final threshold (final stage stability threshold) (step S8). If the stability threshold is not the final threshold, the next threshold is set (step S9), and the process returns to step S2.
- a three-stage instantaneous threshold and a stable threshold are set. In the first stage, the instantaneous threshold value a1 and the stability threshold value b1 are set. In the second stage, the instantaneous threshold value a2 and the stability threshold value b2 are set. In the second stage, the instantaneous threshold value a3 and the stability threshold value b3 are set. In the third stage, b3 is set. Each threshold satisfies the following relational expression (1).
- the instantaneous threshold value and the stability threshold value are set so as to decrease each time the level increases. In this way, by dividing the threshold value into multiple stages and gradually reducing the threshold value, it becomes easier to converge to a more stable solution.
- the parameter optimization part 27 preserve
- the parameter optimization unit 27 performs the new setting of the control parameter, the linear movement of the end effector 15, the measurement (acquisition) of the lateral shake, and the determination until the lateral shake evaluation value is equal to or less than the final threshold value. Each is repeated, and a combination of a plurality of control parameters is optimized.
- the lateral shake of the end effector 15 can be converged within a predetermined range by comprehensively and repeatedly changing a plurality of control parameters, so that an optimal combination of control parameters can be determined.
- an optimal combination of control parameters can be determined.
- the target trajectory 5 is set for each of a plurality of ports having different positions and heights. You may perform an automatic adjustment process for each port. For example, when the target locus 5 is set for each of all 24 ports, the first stage threshold (instantaneous threshold and stability threshold) is sequentially adjusted from 1 to 24 ports, and then the second stage threshold is set to 1. The adjustment may be sequentially performed up to 24 ports, and the adjustment may be performed sequentially up to 1 to 24 ports at the final third stage threshold. As a result, the effect of noise can be removed and the robot 1 can easily converge to the optimal solution, rather than the robot 1 performing the same operation repeatedly for the same port. Further, at each stage, it is possible to effectively remove the influence of noise by making a determination with an instantaneous threshold value having a small value first and determining a large stability threshold value only when the value is satisfied.
- the side shake of the end effector 15 is measured by the measuring jig 3 having the surface 5a parallel to the target locus 5 of the end effector 15 and the distance sensor 4, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a shake in at least one of a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, and an oblique direction with respect to the target locus 5 may be measured by another acceleration sensor or GPS.
- the servo control unit 22 performs normal position control to control the servo motor 20 of each axis.
- the feedforward gain of the speed and angular velocity of each axis is used, but the control parameter is not limited to this as long as it is a control parameter that affects the shake of the robot 1.
- the robot 1 is a horizontal articulated transfer robot.
- the robot 1 is not limited to this as long as it is a general robot that can move linearly.
- a robot having a linear motion mechanism may be used. This is because in such a robot, shakes in all directions can occur with respect to the target locus to be linearly moved.
- the target locus is not limited to a two-dimensional plane, and may be an arbitrary locus in a three-dimensional space, or may not be a straight line but a curved line.
- the present invention is useful for all robots capable of linear movement.
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Abstract
Description
a1<b1,a2<b2,a3<b3 ,a1>a2>a3 ,b1>b2>b3・・・(1)
関係式(1)より、段階が上がるごとに瞬間閾値と安定閾値は小さくなるように設定されている。このように閾値を多段階に分けて徐々に閾値を小さくしていくことで、より安定的な解に収束しやすくなる。
2 ぶれ自動調整装置(制御装置)
3 計測治具
4 距離センサ
5 目標軌跡
10 ベース
11 昇降軸
12 第1リンク
13 第2リンク
14 第3リンク
15 エンドエフェクタ(ハンド)
20 サーボモータ
21 演算部
22 サーボ制御部
22 記憶部
23 制御パラメータ設定部
25 ぶれ取得部
26 判定部
27 パラメータ最適化部
31,32 デジタルフィルタ部
33,34 加算器
40 速度パラメータ設定部(A軸)
41 加速度パラメータ設定部(A軸)
42 速度パラメータ設定部(A軸~B軸)
43 加速度パラメータ設定部(A軸~B軸)
44 速度パラメータ設定部(A軸)
45 加速度パラメータ設定部(A軸)
50 モータ制御部(A軸)
51 モータ制御部(B軸)
100 ぶれ自動調整システム
Claims (8)
- 複数の関節軸を有するアームを備えるロボットの当該アームの先端部の所定部位の直線移動時におけるぶれを自動的に調整する装置であって、
前記所定部位を直線移動させる目標軌跡及び当該目標軌跡に従って前記所定部位が直線移動するよう前記アームの各軸の動作を制御するための複数の制御パラメータを予め記憶する記憶部と、
前記複数の制御パラメータの値をそれぞれ設定する制御パラメータ設定部と、
前記目標軌跡及び前記設定された複数の制御パラメータに基づいて、前記所定部位が直線移動するように前記アームの各軸の動作を制御するロボット制御部と、
前記直線移動における1以上の時刻にそれぞれ対応する前記目標軌跡上の点と前記所定部位の前記直線移動時の軌跡上の点との当該目標軌跡に対する前記所定部位の軌跡の偏倚量をそれぞれ前記ぶれとして取得するぶれ取得部と、
前記ぶれ取得部により取得されたぶれ又は当該ぶれの重み付けされた値であるぶれ評価値が所定の閾値以下であるか否かを判定する判定部と、
前記ぶれ評価値が前記所定の閾値よりも大きい場合は、前記制御パラメータ設定部に前記複数の制御パラメータのいずれか一つを新たに設定させ、前記ぶれ評価値が前記所定の閾値以下になるまで、前記制御パラメータの新たな設定、前記所定部位の直線移動、前記ぶれの取得、及び前記判定を、それぞれ、前記制御パラメータ設定部、前記ロボット制御部、前記ぶれ取得部、及び前記判定部に繰り返し行わせ、前記複数の制御パラメータの組み合わせを最適化するパラメータ最適化部と、
を備える、ロボットのぶれ自動調整装置。 - 前記アームは、前記複数の関節軸の各々を駆動するサーボモータを備え、
前記パラメータ最適化部は、前記各軸のサーボモータの回転子の速度及び角速度に関する制御パラメータを優先的に変更する、請求項1に記載のロボットのぶれ自動調整装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記ぶれ評価値が前記所定の閾値以下になった後、前記ぶれ取得部により取得されたぶれ評価値が前記所定の閾値よりも小さい第2閾値以下であるか否かを判定し、
前記パラメータ最適化部は、前記ぶれ評価値が前記第2閾値よりも大きい場合は、前記制御パラメータ部に前記複数の制御パラメータのいずれか一つを新たに設定させ、前記ぶれ評価値が前記第2閾値以下になるまで、前記制御パラメータの新たな設定、前記所定部位の直線移動、前記ぶれの取得、及び前記判定を、それぞれ、前記制御パラメータ設定部、前記ロボット制御部、前記ぶれ取得部、及び前記判定部に繰り返し行わせ、前記複数の制御パラメータの組み合わせを最適化する、請求項1又は2に記載のロボットのぶれ自動調整装置。 - 前記所定部位の軌跡の偏倚量は、前記所定部位の目標軌跡に平行な面を備えた計測治具と、前記所定部位に配置され、前記計測治具に対する前記所定部位の距離を計測する距離センサとに基づいて取得される、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のロボットのぶれ自動調整装置。
- 前記ロボットは、水平多関節型ロボットである、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のロボットのぶれ自動調整装置。
- 前記所定部位は、前記ロボットの前記アーム先端に取り付けられたエンドエフェクタであって、
前記ぶれ取得部は、前記エンドエフェクタの前記直線移動における1以上の時刻にそれぞれ対応する前記目標軌跡上の点と前記エンドエフェクタの前記直線移動時の軌跡上の点との当該目標軌跡に対する当該目標軌跡に直交する横方向の前記エンドエフェクタの軌跡の偏倚量をそれぞれ横ぶれとして取得する、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のロボットのぶれ自動調整装置。 - 複数の関節軸を有するアームを備えるロボットの当該アームの先端部の所定部位の直線移動時におけるぶれを自動的に調整するぶれ自動調整装置により実行される方法であって、
前記所定部位を直線移動させる目標軌跡及び当該目標軌跡に従って前記所定部位が直線移動するよう前記アームの各軸の動作を制御するための複数の制御パラメータを予め記憶部に記憶しておくステップと、
前記複数の制御パラメータの値をそれぞれ設定するステップと、
前記目標軌跡及び前記設定された複数の制御パラメータに基づいて、前記所定部位が直線移動するように前記アームの各軸の動作を制御するステップと、
前記直線移動における1以上の時刻にそれぞれ対応する前記目標軌跡上の点と前記所定部位の前記直線移動時の軌跡上の点との当該目標軌跡に対する前記所定部位の軌跡の偏倚量をそれぞれ前記ぶれとして取得するステップと、
前記取得されたぶれ又は当該ぶれの重み付けされた値であるぶれ評価値が所定の閾値以下であるか否かを判定するステップと、
前記ぶれ評価値が前記所定の閾値よりも大きい場合は、前記複数の制御パラメータのいずれか一つを新たに設定し、前記ぶれ評価値が前記所定の閾値以下になるまで、前記制御パラメータの新たな設定、前記所定部位の直線移動、前記ぶれの取得、及び前記判定を、それぞれ、繰り返し行い、前記複数の制御パラメータの組み合わせを最適化するステップと、
を含む、ロボットのぶれ自動調整方法。 - 前記所定部位は、前記ロボットの前記アーム先端に取り付けられたエンドエフェクタであって、
前記ぶれを取得するステップでは、前記エンドエフェクタの前記直線移動における1以上の時刻にそれぞれ対応する前記目標軌跡上の点と前記エンドエフェクタの前記直線移動時の軌跡上の点との当該目標軌跡に対する当該目標軌跡に直交する横方向の前記エンドエフェクタの軌跡の偏倚量をそれぞれ横ぶれとして取得する、請求項7に記載のロボットのぶれ自動調整方法。
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- 2015-02-04 KR KR1020177024510A patent/KR101963336B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-02-04 US US15/548,953 patent/US20180015614A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-02-04 CN CN201580075322.5A patent/CN107206588B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
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CN107206588B (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
CN107206588A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
JPWO2016125204A1 (ja) | 2017-11-09 |
US20180015614A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
KR101963336B1 (ko) | 2019-03-28 |
TWI572468B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
KR20170117448A (ko) | 2017-10-23 |
TW201628806A (zh) | 2016-08-16 |
JP6475756B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 |
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