WO2016088858A1 - 新規peg誘導体 - Google Patents
新規peg誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016088858A1 WO2016088858A1 PCT/JP2015/084068 JP2015084068W WO2016088858A1 WO 2016088858 A1 WO2016088858 A1 WO 2016088858A1 JP 2015084068 W JP2015084068 W JP 2015084068W WO 2016088858 A1 WO2016088858 A1 WO 2016088858A1
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- UTLILXSIQIJTEI-ADTBZPLRSA-N CCC[Si](CCC)(O[C@H]1[C@@H]2C#N)O[Si+](CCC)(CCC)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]2N(C=CC(NC(CCC(N1CCNCC1)=O)=O)=N1)C1=O Chemical compound CCC[Si](CCC)(O[C@H]1[C@@H]2C#N)O[Si+](CCC)(CCC)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]2N(C=CC(NC(CCC(N1CCNCC1)=O)=O)=N1)C1=O UTLILXSIQIJTEI-ADTBZPLRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel PEG derivative useful as a malignant tumor therapeutic agent and a pharmaceutical containing the same.
- Cytosine such as cytarabine, 1- (2′-cyano-2′-deoxy- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine, gemcitabine, decitabine, 5-azacytidine, RX-3117 (Rexahn), SGI-110 (Astex)
- the derivative has an action of inhibiting cancer DNA polymerase, or regulating cancer cell cycle (G2 / M arrest) and inducing differentiation of leukemia cells, so that acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, It is useful as a therapeutic agent for malignant tumors such as malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). In the treatment of malignant tumors with these cytosine derivatives, usually continuous intravenous infusion for several hours to several weeks is administered (Non-patent Document 1, etc.).
- Mitomycin C is an anti-cancer agent that is used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, head and neck tumor, and bladder tumor. It is a drug. However, mitomycin C is usually administered intravenously every day.
- Gefitinib and erlotinib are molecularly targeted anticancer agents that selectively inhibit tyrosine kinase of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain glioblastoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Used for.
- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
- lapatinib and sunitinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors and are used for breast cancer and the like.
- these molecular targeted drugs also have side effects such as acute lung injury and interstitial pneumonia.
- Paclitaxel and docetaxel are anticancer agents used for the treatment of lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, advanced Kaposi's sarcoma and the like.
- these taxane anticancer agents also have side effects such as bone marrow suppression such as leukopenia and peripheral neuropathy, and are poor in water solubility. Since serious allergic symptoms appear, pretreatment with antagonists of histamine H1 and H2 is indispensable, and complicated work is required at the clinical site during administration.
- human serum albumin is used as a solubilizing agent, but there are concerns about lack of human serum albumin and the risk of viral infection such as AIDS.
- DDS drug by physically embedding or chemically covalently bonding low-molecular-weight anticancer drugs to phospholipid liposomes, polymeric micelles or water-soluble polymers composed of biocompatible materials
- DDS delivery system
- the particle size is controlled to 200 to 300 nm so that it can pass through capillaries without problems and can pass through new blood vessels in the vicinity of the tumor. Since the membrane surface is coated with polyethylene glycol (hereinafter referred to as PEG) having a molecular weight of about 2,000, uptake into phagocytic cells in vivo can be generally avoided.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the particle diameter is controlled to 50 nm, and the membrane surface of the particle is coated with PEG, so that uptake into phagocytic cells in vivo is generally avoided, and tumors There is a report that it is easy to pass through the neovascularization in the vicinity of. However, the blood half-life of the preparation using the above nanoparticle is relatively short, targeting to the tumor is insufficient, and the original purpose cannot be sufficiently achieved.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel therapeutic agent for malignant tumor that has few side effects such as serious gastrointestinal toxicity and bone marrow toxicity, maintains an antitumor effect, and can improve the administration means and the frequency of administration. .
- the present inventors focused on the persistence of PEG derivatives in blood and high accumulation in tumor tissues, and in order to improve the action persistence of antitumor agents.
- the sustained release characteristics of the drug we have studied modification of the hydroxyl group of CPT-11 active substance, such as SN-38, with an ester bond to polyethylene glycol or a carbamate bond.
- the release of the active substance is faster than expected in humans, and it is necessary to administer a large amount of the polyethylene glycol derivative. Thus, neither sufficient effect of improving the action persistence nor improvement of safety was obtained.
- anti-tumor agents such as cytosine derivatives, mitomycin C and paclitaxel, and primary or secondary amino groups of molecular target drugs for cancer such as gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, and sunitinib have a methyl carboxyl group at the end.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) in which the introduced 4-chain polyethylene glycol is amide-bonded directly or via an amino acid spacer such as ⁇ -alanine has excellent antitumor effect and is safe. It has been found that the present invention has completed the present invention by finding that it has a superior malignant tumor treatment effect with a smaller dose and a smaller number of administrations compared to conventional antitumor agents.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [11].
- R 1 is a single bond, —N (R 3 ) (CH 2 ) n1 CO—, or —N (R 4 ) (CH 2 ) n2 N (R 5 ) CO (CH 2 ) n3 CO—
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R 4 and R 5 together represent 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- An alkylene group, n1, n2 and n3 are the same or different and represent an integer of 1 to 3
- R 2 represents the formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f)
- R 6 represents a hydroxy group, a cyano group or a halogen atom
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or an ethynyl group
- R 9 and R 10 Are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a trialkylsilyl group, or R 9 and R 10 together represent a tetraalkylsiloxysilyl group
- R 11 represents a halogen atom or an ethynyl group
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom.
- R 13 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxyalkyl group
- R 14 represents an alkoxyalkyl group or a morpholinoalkyl group
- R 15 represents an alkyl group
- R 16 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkanoyl group.
- m represents a number from 10 to 1000; The arrow indicates the binding site.
- a salt thereof [2] The compound or salt thereof according to [1], wherein R 2 is a group represented by formula (a) or (b). [3] The compound or salt thereof according to [1] or [2], wherein R 2 is a group represented by formula (a).
- R 2 is a group represented by the formula (a), R 6 is a hydroxy group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R 8 is a hydrogen atom or an ethynyl group.
- R 1 is a single bond, —NH (CH 2 ) n1 CO—, —NH (CH 2 ) n2 NHCO (CH 2 ) n3 CO—, or
- a medicament comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [5] or a salt thereof.
- the medicament according to [6] which is a malignant tumor therapeutic agent.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [5] or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- a method for treating a malignant tumor comprising administering an effective amount of the compound or salt thereof according to any one of [1] to [5].
- the compound (1) of the present invention Since the compound (1) of the present invention has an excellent anti-malignant tumor effect and has an excellent action persistence, the dose of the active compound of the original anti-tumor agent is smaller than that of the conventional anti-tumor agent. (Converted by volume), with a small number of administrations and a low administration frequency, it exhibits an excellent antineoplastic action and has few side effects. Therefore, according to the malignant tumor treatment using the compound (1) of the present invention, the burden on the patient and the burden on the medical staff are reduced, and an excellent anti-malignant tumor effect can be obtained.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1a) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1b) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1c) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1d) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1e) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1f) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1g) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1h) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1i) is shown.
- the NMR spectrum chart of a compound (1j) is shown.
- the change in tumor volume after tumor transplantation is shown.
- the dose in parentheses indicates the dose in terms of DFP-10917.
- the body weight change rate (%) after tumor transplantation is shown.
- the dose in parentheses indicates the dose in terms of DFP-10917.
- the change in tumor volume after tumor transplantation is shown.
- the dose in parentheses indicates the dose in terms of MMC.
- the body weight change rate (%) after tumor transplantation is shown.
- the dose in parentheses indicates the dose in terms of MMC.
- the change in tumor volume after tumor transplantation is shown.
- the body weight change rate (%) after tumor transplantation is shown.
- R 1 is a single bond, —N (R 3 ) (CH 2 ) n1 CO—, or —N (R 4 ) (CH 2 ) n2 N (R 5 ) CO (CH 2 ) n3 CO— (wherein R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R 4 and R 5 together represent 1 carbon atom) And n1, n2 and n3 are the same or different and each represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the group represented by R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and in the case of an alkyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is exemplified. Of these, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, and the like are more preferable.
- Examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms formed by R 4 and R 5 together include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, and a tetramethylene group, and an ethylene group is more preferable.
- R 3 is more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 4 and R 5 it is more preferable that both represent a hydrogen atom, or R 4 and R 5 form a C 1-3 alkylene group.
- N1, n2, and n3 each represent an integer of 1, 2, or 3, and 2 is more preferable among them.
- R 1 More preferred examples of R 1 include a single bond, —NH (CH 2 ) n1 CO—, —NH (CH 2 ) n2 NHCO (CH 2 ) n3 CO—, or
- R 1 More preferred specific examples of R 1 include a single bond, —NHCH 2 CH 2 CO—, or
- R 2 represents the formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f)
- R 6 represents a hydroxy group, a cyano group or a halogen atom
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or an ethynyl group
- R 9 and R 10 Are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a trialkylsilyl group, or R 9 and R 10 together represent a tetraalkylsiloxysilyl group
- R 11 represents a halogen atom or an ethynyl group
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom.
- R 13 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxyalkyl group
- R 14 represents an alkoxyalkyl group or a morpholinoalkyl group
- R 15 represents an alkyl group
- R 16 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkanoyl group
- the arrow indicates the binding site).
- R 6 represents a hydroxy group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, and a cyano group is particularly preferred.
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom.
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or an ethynyl group.
- Examples of the trialkylsilyl group represented by R 9 and R 10 include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a triisopropylsilyl group, a dimethylbutylsilyl group, and a dimethylpentylsilyl group.
- the tetraalkylsiloxysilyl group formed by combining R 9 and R 10 includes the following formula (g)
- R 17 , R 18 , R 19 and R 20 represent an alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, etc.
- the group represented by these is preferable.
- R 11 represents a halogen atom or an ethynyl group.
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- R 13 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxyalkyl group.
- the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.
- a C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl group is preferable, a methoxyethyl group, a methoxypropyl group, an ethoxyethyl group, and the like are more preferable, and a methoxyethyl group is particularly preferable.
- R 14 represents an alkoxyalkyl group or a morpholinoalkyl group.
- the alkoxyalkyl group is preferably a C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl group, more preferably a methoxyethyl group, a methoxypropyl group, or an ethoxyethyl group, and particularly preferably a methoxyethyl group.
- the morpholinoalkyl group a morpholino C 1-4 alkyl group is preferable, and a morpholinopropyl group is more preferable.
- R 15 is preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group.
- R 16 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkanoyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group.
- the groups represented by the formulas (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) are groups derived from anticancer agents.
- Formula (a) is a group derived from an arabinofuranosylcytosine anticancer agent.
- Formula (b) is a group derived from mitomycin C.
- Formula (c) is a group derived from a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR such as gefitinib and erlotinib.
- Formula (d) is a group derived from a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of PDGFR such as sunitinib.
- Formula (e) is a group derived from a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR such as lapatinib.
- Formula (f) is a group derived from a taxane anticancer agent such as paclitaxel or docetaxel.
- Preferred examples of the structure represented by formula (a) include ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 2′-cyano-2′-deoxy- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 2′-deoxy-2 Examples include ', 2'-difluoro- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 3'-ethynyl- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
- a specific example of the group represented by the formula (c) includes a group represented by the formula (c1) or the formula (c2).
- M represents a number from 10 to 1000.
- a more preferable m is 100 to 500, and a further preferable m is 200 to 300.
- m is a number derived from a polyethylene glycol group, and is usually an average number.
- the salt of the compound (1) of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, but inorganic salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, acetate, citrate, tartrate, shu And organic acid salts such as acid salts and malates. Moreover, since this invention compound (1) or its salt has an asymmetric carbon atom, a stereoisomer exists, and those optically active forms, enantiomers, and mixtures thereof are included.
- the present compound (1) or a salt thereof can be produced, for example, according to the following reaction formula.
- this invention compound (1) or its salt can be manufactured by couple
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative (2) can be obtained, for example, by reacting pentaerythritol with ethylene oxide, followed by carboxymethylation, and further halogenating or esterifying the carboxyl group.
- the halogen atom include a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
- the active ester include succinimide and mixed acid anhydrides.
- R 1 is —N (R 3 ) (CH 2 ) n1 CO—, or —N (R 4 ) (CH 2 ) n2 N (R 5 ) CO (CH 2 ) n3 CO—
- a compound can be obtained by adding HN (R 3 ) (CH 2 ) n1 COY or HN (R 4 ) (CH 2 ) n 2 N (R 5 ) CO (CH 2 ) n3 to the compound (3) in which R 1 is a single bond. It is obtained by reacting COY.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , n1, n2 and n3 are the same as described above, and Y represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom or an active ester residue.
- This reaction is a carboxylic acid amide formation reaction and can be performed using a condensing agent such as HBTU and DCC in the presence of a base.
- the reaction between the tetracarboxylic acid derivative (2) and the compound (3) is a carboxylic acid amide forming reaction and can be carried out under ordinary amidation reaction conditions.
- the reaction can be carried out at 0 ° C. to 150 ° C. in the presence of amines such as triethylamine and N, N-dimethylaniline.
- the target product can be purified and isolated by means such as washing, recrystallization and various chromatography.
- the compound (1) of the present invention or a salt thereof has excellent antineoplastic activity, has low side effects such as weight loss, and has an excellent antineoplastic effect without requiring continuous infusion over several hours or more. It is done. Therefore, it is useful as an excellent therapeutic agent for malignant tumors with less burden on patients and medical personnel.
- the compound (1) of the present invention or a salt thereof is a phagocytic cell in addition to the fact that the bond between PEG and an anticancer agent is only an amide bond, and rapid degradation by degrading enzymes in blood such as esterase and carboxylase is avoided.
- a phagocytic cell in addition to the fact that the bond between PEG and an anticancer agent is only an amide bond, and rapid degradation by degrading enzymes in blood such as esterase and carboxylase is avoided.
- liposomes and polymer micelles which are microparticulate preparations that are prone to attack, their molecular size is very small, and PEG characteristics make them difficult to attack by phagocytic cells and are stable in blood.
- the rate of renal excretion is extremely slow, so targeting to the tumor is highly efficient.
- the dose can be extremely reduced and the number of administrations can be greatly reduced.
- anticancer agents that have traditionally relied on long-lasting infusions can be administered in about 30 minutes per administration.
- malignant tumors to which the present compound (1) or a salt thereof is applied include head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder / bile duct cancer, biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, testicular tumor, bone / soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, skin cancer, brain tumor, mesothelioma, etc. Can be mentioned.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be blended as necessary to obtain various forms of pharmaceutical compositions.
- examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition include oral preparations, injections, suppositories, patches, and ointments, but it is preferably an injection.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier various organic or inorganic carrier substances commonly used as a pharmaceutical material are used, and excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, colorants, solvents in liquid formulations, It is blended as a solubilizing agent, suspending agent, isotonic agent, buffer, soothing agent and the like. Moreover, formulation additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, stabilizers and the like can be used as necessary.
- an excipient if necessary, an excipient, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a colorant, a flavoring / flavoring agent, etc. were added to the compound (1) of the present invention.
- tablets, coated tablets, granules, powders, capsules and the like can be produced by conventional methods.
- add pH adjusters, buffers, stabilizers, tonicity agents, local anesthetics, etc. to the compound (1) of the present invention, and use subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous methods by conventional methods.
- An injection can be produced.
- the medicament of the present invention When used for the treatment of a malignant tumor of the blood system, it is administered intravenously within 1 hour or administered as an intravenous infusion within a few hours after being diluted with physiological saline or a saccharide infusion solution. It is preferable to do this.
- Example 1 Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1- (2′-cyano-2′-deoxy- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine hydrochloride 5.0 mol, triethylamine 10.0 mol and dimethylformamide 8 mol were added to the reaction vessel, Further, 1.0 mol of tetra (succinimidyl carboxymethyl polyethylene glycol) pentaerythritol was added. The mixture was heated to 100 ° C. and stirred for 3 hours. After cooling to 20-25 ° C., the reaction mixture was put into 100 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether, stirred for 1 hour, and the raw material was filtered off.
- 1- (2′-cyano-2′-deoxy- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine hydrochloride 5.0 mol, triethylamine 10.0 mol and dimethylformamide 8 mol were added to the reaction vessel, Further, 1.0 mol of tetra (succinimi
- Example 2 (1) In a nitrogen atmosphere, 1 mol of 1- (2′-cyano-2′-deoxy- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine hydrochloride and 100 mL of pyridine are charged into a reaction vessel, and tetraisopropyldisiloxane dichloride 1 2 mol was added dropwise at 20-25 ° C. Heat to 45 ⁇ 5 ° C. and stir for 2 hours. Hexane was added at 20-25 ° C. and the product was isolated as a solid. The mixture was poured into water at 20 to 25 ° C., stirred for 1 hour and 30 minutes, filtered, washed with water and hexane, and evaporated to dryness to obtain compound (3a).
- Example 3 In a nitrogen atmosphere, 1 mol of the compound (3a) obtained in Example 2 (1), 4 mol of succinic anhydride and 50 mL of pyridine were put into a reaction vessel, heated to 40 ⁇ 5 ° C. and stirred for 2 hours. . The reaction mixture was added to a mixture of water and ethyl acetate, the pH was adjusted to 5 with 1M hydrochloric acid and stirred at 30 ⁇ 5 ° C. for 30 minutes. The organic phase was separated and extracted from the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate three times, the organic phases were combined and washed with saline. After drying over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain compound (3d).
- Example 4 (1) In a nitrogen atmosphere, 1 mol of the compound (3e) of Example 3 (2), 2.3 mol of acetic acid and 50 mL of dimethylformamide were charged into a reaction vessel, and cooled to 0 ⁇ 5 ° C. 1.6 mol of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) was added at 0 ⁇ 5 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour to produce a compound (3 g).
- TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride
- Example 6 Compound (3h) was obtained in the same manner as Example 3 (1) except that mitomycin C was used instead of compound (3a).
- Example 9 Using lapatinib, tetra (carboxymethylpolyethyleneglycol) pentaerythritol, and HBTU, compound (1i) was obtained as a white powder in the same manner as in Example 4 (yield 87.8%). Melting point 56 ° C. A 1 H-NMR spectrum chart is shown in FIG.
- Example 10 (1) Paclitaxel was reacted with trifluoroacetic acid to remove the tert-butoxycarbonyl group of paclitaxel. (2) Compound (1j) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using paclitaxel-t-butoxycarbonyl detachment and tetra (succinimidylcarboxymethylpolyethyleneglycol) pentaerythritol (yield 84.2%). ). A 1 H-NMR chart is shown in FIG.
- Test example 1 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells of pancreatic cancer cells were transplanted into the right flank of BALB / c nude mice, and drug administration was started 7 days later when the average tumor reached 100 mm 3 . Mice were measured for body weight and tumor volume until 29 days after drug administration. The results are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and Table 1.
- 1- (2′-Cyano-2′-deoxy- ⁇ -D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine hydrochloride (DFP-10917) is 4.5 mg / kg / day using a micropump implanted in the body of a mouse. Was continuously infused subcutaneously for 2 weeks.
- Compound (1a) was intravenously administered at 100 mg / kg, 200 mg / kg or 300 mg / kg once a week.
- the dose of this compound (1a) is 2.4 mg / kg, 4.8 mg / kg and 7.2 mg / kg once a week in terms of DFP-10197.
- Test example 2 In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the antitumor action of mitomycin C and compound (1e) was examined.
- Mitomycin C MMC
- Compound (1e) was intravenously administered once a week at 25 mg / kg, 50 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg and 200 mg / kg.
- the dosage of this compound (1e) is 0.8 mg / kg, 1.7 mg / kg, 3.3 mg / kg and 6.7 mg / kg once a week in terms of MMC.
- FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 confirmed that Compound (1e) exhibited excellent tumor therapeutic effects with almost no weight loss by intravenous administration once a week.
- Test example 3 5 ⁇ 10 6 human lung cancer cells A549 were transplanted into the right flank of BALB / c nude mice, and drug administration was started after 14 days when the average tumor reached 127 mm 3 .
- Compound (1a) is administered intravenously at 200 mg / kg (DFP-10917 equivalent is 4.8 mg / kg) once a week, and pemetrexed, a standard drug for lung cancer, is administered 300 mg / kg once a week. It was administered intraperitoneally.
- physiological saline was intravenously administered once a week. Observation was performed for 2 weeks (2 doses in total).
- compound (1a) showed a tumor treatment effect equivalent to that of the pemetrexed 300 mg / kg administration group when administered in an amount of 4.8 mg / kg in terms of DFP-10917.
- Test example 4 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells of human breast cancer cells BT474 were transplanted into the right flank of BALB / c nude mice, and DFP-10917 and compound (1a) administered with drugs in the same manner as in Test Example 3 were administered twice a week. It was administered intravenously. As a control, physiological saline was administered once a week.
- compound (1a) has an antitumor effect equivalent to that of gemcitabine despite administration of 17.6 / 200 equivalent amount of DFP-10917 compared to DFP-10917 itself. showed that.
- Test Example 5 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells of human pancreatic cancer cells Panc-1 were transplanted into the right flank of BALB / c nude mice and administered in the same manner as in Test Example 3. The compound (1 g) was intravenously administered once a week twice in total or twice a week. Gemcitabine was administered at 100 mg / kg divided into 4 times over 3 days, and this was administered intravenously 4 times in total. As a control, physiological saline was administered once a week.
- the compound (1 g) was about 1/2 of antitumor of gemcitabine despite administration of 1/35 to 1/40 of gemcitabine equivalent compared to gemcitabine itself. Showed the effect.
- Test Example 5 Human lung cancer cells A549 cells were transplanted into the right flank of BALB / c nude mice, and drug administration was started 11 days later when the average tumor reached 200 mm 3 .
- the administration schedule is shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- compound (1h) showed an antitumor effect equivalent to that of sunitinib deethylated substance at a dose of 4/50 to 8/50 in terms of sunitinib.
- Compound (1i) showed an antitumor effect superior to lapatinib at a dose of 11.6 / 100 to 17.4 / 100 in terms of lapatinib.
- the compound (1h) and the compound (1i) did not show any weight loss at the above doses and had high safety (FIG. 16).
- Test Example 6 1 ⁇ 10 7 human breast cancer cells BT474 were transplanted into the right flank of BALB / c nude mice, and the drug was administered when the tumor volume reached 100 to 150 mm 3 . Administration was once a week for 2 weeks.
- compound (1j) exhibited a tumor growth inhibition rate of 36% to 37.5%, and an effect equivalent to or higher than 29.8% of control paclitaxel.
- a new compound for malignant tumor treatment that has a good balance between efficacy and safety, and has a high water solubility by itself and can greatly improve clinical administration compared to water-insoluble paclitaxel. It was confirmed that it could be a medicine.
Abstract
Description
近年、以上の問題を克服する目的で、幾つかのドラッグデリバリーシステムが開発されている。例えば、生体許容性の素材成分から成るリン脂質リポソーム、高分子ミセル或いは水溶性高分子に低分子の抗がん剤を物理的に包埋したり化学的に共有結合したりする方法でのドラッグデリバリーシステム(以下、DDSと言う)がその代表例である。
高分子ミセル製剤の場合では、50nmに粒子径が制御されており、また、該粒子の膜表面がPEGで被覆されているので、生体内の貪食細胞への取り込みが概ね避けられており、腫瘍の近傍の新生血管を通過でき易いとの報告がある。
しかしながら、以上のナノ微粒子を用いた製剤の血中半減期は比較的短く、腫瘍へのターゲッティングも不十分であり、本来の目的が十分には達成できていないのが現状である。
また、最近、酸やアルカリで分解され難いカルバメート結合により、4本鎖のPEGと抗がん剤(CPT-11)の活性成分であるSN-38を共有結合させた報告があるが、カルバメート結合の弱点をある程度克服したに過ぎない。又、カルバメート結合体を合成する場合の化学反応の条件が過酷(強アルカリ条件)であり、分子内にエステル結合やアルカリに敏感な抗がん剤の結合には不適である。
従って、本発明の課題は、重篤な消化管毒性や骨髄毒性等の副作用が少なく、抗腫瘍効果が持続し、投与手段、投与回数を改善できる新たな悪性腫瘍治療薬を提供することにある。
さらに検討を重ねた結果、シトシン誘導体やマイトマイシンCやパクリタキセル等の抗腫瘍剤やゲフィチニブ、エルロチニブ、ラパチニブ、スニチニブ等のがんの分子標的薬の一級又は二級アミノ基に、末端にメチルカルボキシル基を導入した4本鎖のポリエチレングリコールを直接、又はβ-アラニン等のアミノ酸系スペーサーを介してアミド結合させた式(1)で表される化合物が、抗腫瘍効果の持続性に優れ、かつ安全性も高く、従来の抗腫瘍剤に比べて少ない投与量と少ない投与回数でより優れた悪性腫瘍治療効果を奏することを見出し、本発明を完成した。
R2は、式(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)又は(f)
mは10~1000の数を示し;
矢印は結合部位を示す。〕
で表される化合物又はその塩。
〔2〕R2が式(a)又は(b)で示される基である〔1〕記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔3〕R2が式(a)で示される基である〔1〕又は〔2〕記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔4〕R2が式(a)で示される基であり、R6がヒドロキシ基、シアノ基又はハロゲン原子であり、R7が水素原子又はハロゲン原子であり、R8が水素原子又はエチニル基であり、R9及びR10が水素原子である〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔5〕R1が、単結合、-NH(CH2)n1CO-、-NH(CH2)n2NHCO(CH2)n3CO-、又は
である〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔6〕〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩を含有する医薬。
〔7〕悪性腫瘍治療薬である〔6〕記載の医薬。
〔8〕〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩、及び薬学的に許容される塩を含有する医薬組成物。
〔9〕悪性腫瘍治療薬製造のための、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩の使用。
〔10〕悪性腫瘍治療に用いるための、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔11〕〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする悪性腫瘍の治療方法。
また、R4及びR5が一緒になって形成する炭素数1~4のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、トリメチレン基又はテトラメチレン基が挙げられ、エチレン基がより好ましい。
で表される基が好ましい。
この反応は、カルボン酸アミド形成反応であり、塩基の存在下、HBTU、DCC等の縮合剤を用いて行うことができる。
経口用固形製剤を調製する場合は、本発明化合物(1)に賦形剤、必要に応じて賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、着色剤、矯味・矯臭剤等を加えた後、常法により錠剤、被覆錠剤、顆粒剤、散剤、カプセル剤等を製造することができる。
注射剤を調製する場合は、本発明化合物(1)にpH調節剤、緩衝剤、安定化剤、等張化剤、局所麻酔剤等を添加し、常法により皮下、筋肉内及び静脈内用注射剤を製造することができる。
窒素雰囲気下、1-(2’-シアノ-2’-デオキシ-β-D-アラビノフラノシル)シトシン塩酸塩5.0モル、トリエチルアミン10.0モル及びジメチルホルムアミド8モルを反応容器に加え、さらにテトラ(スクシンイミジルカルボキシメチルポリエチレングリコール)ペンタエリスリトール1.0モルを加えた。100℃に加熱し、3時間反応撹拌した。20~25℃に冷却後、反応混合物をメチル tert-ブチルエーテル100mL中に投入し、1時間撹拌して原料を濾別した。50~60°でエタノールを加えて撹拌後20±5℃に冷却し16時間撹拌し、メチル tert-ブチルエーテルで洗浄する操作を繰り返し、エタノール溶液を冷却して化合物(1a)(m=平均230)を白色粉末として得た(収率88%)。融点54℃。化合物(1a)のNMRスペクトルチャートを図1に示す。
(1)窒素雰囲気下、1-(2’-シアノ-2’-デオキシ-β-D-アラビノフラノシル)シトシン塩酸塩1モル及びビリジン100mLを反応容器に投入し、テトライソプロピルジシロキサンジクロリド1.2モルを20~25℃で滴下した。45±5℃に加熱し、2時間撹拌した。20~25℃でヘキサンを加え、生成物を固体として単離した。20~25℃で水中に投入し、1時間30分撹拌し、濾過後水及びヘキサンで洗浄し、蒸発乾固して化合物(3a)を得た。
窒素雰囲気下、反応容器に上記反応混合物及び酢酸エチル300mLを投入し、25±5℃でHCl/酢酸エチル 2Mを加えた。出発物質が濃HCl/酢酸エチル溶液に速やかに溶解し、5分後に目的物が固形分として分離し始める。1時間撹拌し、濾過後酢酸エチルで洗浄し化合物(3c)を得た。
(1)窒素雰囲気下、実施例2(1)で得られた化合物(3a)1モル、無水コハク酸4モル及びピリジン50mLを反応容器に投入し、40±5℃に加熱し2時間撹拌した。反応混合物を水及び酢酸エチルの混合物に添加し、1M塩酸でpHを5に調整し、30±5℃で30分撹拌した。有機相を分離し、水相から酢酸エチルで3回抽出し、有機相を合わせ、生理食塩水で洗浄した。無水Na2SO4で乾燥し、濾過後、濾液を減圧濃縮後乾燥し、化合物(3d)を得た。
(1)窒素雰囲気下、反応容器に実施例3(2)の化合物(3e)1モル、酢酸2.3モル及びジメチルホルムアミド50mLを投入し、0±5℃に冷却した。0±5℃でフッ化テトラ-n-ブチルアンモニウム(TBAF)1.6モルを加え、1時間撹拌し、化合物(3g)を製造した。
窒素雰囲気下、テトラ(カルボキシメチルポリエチレングリコール)ペンタエリスリトール1.0モル、マイトマイシンC4.8モル、HBTU5.0モル、トリエチルアミン8モル、ジメチルホルムアミド300mLを反応容器に加え、40±5℃で3時間反応させた。20~25℃に冷却後、実施例1と同様に処理して、化合物(1e)を白色粉末として得た(m=平均230)(収率91.4%)。化合物(1e)のNMRスペクトルチャートを図5に示す。
(1)化合物(3a)に代えてマイトマイシンCを用い、実施例3(1)と同様にして、化合物(3h)を得た。
ゲムシタビン及びテトラ(スクシンイミジルカルボキシメチルポリエチレングリコール)ペンタエリスリトールを用い、実施例1と同様にして、化合物(1g)(m=平均230)を白色粉末として得た(収率82.3%)。融点57℃。1H-NMRスペクトルチャートを図7に示す。
スニチニブの脱エチル体及びテトラ(スクシンイミジルカルボキシメチルポリエチレングリコール)ペンタエリスリトールを用い、実施例1と同様にして、化合物(1h)(m=平均230)を黄色粉末として得た(収率87%)。融点55℃。1H-NMRスペクトルチャートを図8に示す。
ラパチニブ、テトラ(カルボキシメチルポリエチレングリコール)ペンタエリスリトール及びHBTUを用い、実施例4と同様にして化合物(1i)を白色粉末として得た(収率87.8%)。融点56℃。1H-NMRスペクトルチャートを図9に示す。
(1)パクリタキセルにトリフルオロ酢酸を反応させて、パクリタキセルのtert-ブトキシカルボニル基を脱離させた。
(2)パクリタキセル-t-ブトキシカルボニル脱離体及びテトラ(スクシンイミジルカルボキシメチルポリエチレングリコール)ペンタエリスリトールを用い、実施例1と同様にして化合物(1j)を得た(収率84.2%)。1H-NMRチャートを図10に示す。
BALB/cヌードマウスの右側腹部に膵臓がん細胞を5×106細胞移植し、7日後平均腫瘍が100mm3に達した時点で薬物投与を開始した。薬物投与から29日後までマウスの体重及び腫瘍体積を測定した。その結果を図11、図12及び表1に示す。1-(2’-シアノ-2’-デオキシ-β-D-アラビノフラノシル)シトシン塩酸塩(DFP-10917)は、マウスの体内に埋め込んだミクロポンプを用いて4.5mg/kg/dayを皮下への持続注入を2週間連続して行った。一方、化合物(1a)は、100mg/kg、200mg/kg又は300mg/kgを週1回静脈内投与した。この化合物(1a)の投与量は、DFP-10197に換算して2.4mg/kg、4.8mg/kg及び7.2mg/kgの週1回投与である。コントロールは、酢酸ナトリウムの緩衝液(pH=5.0)を投与した。
試験例1と同様にして、マイトマイシンC及び化合物(1e)の抗腫瘍作用を検討した。マイトマイシンC(MMC)は、3mg/kg/dayを週一回静脈内投与した。一方、化合物(1e)は、25mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg及び200mg/kgを週1回静脈内投与した。この化合物(1e)の投与量は、MMCに換算して0.8mg/kg、1.7mg/kg、3.3mg/kg及び6.7mg/kgの週1回投与である。
BALB/cヌードマウスの右側腹部にヒト肺がん細胞A549を5×106細胞移植し、14日後平均腫瘍が127mm3に達した時点で薬物投与を開始した。化合物(1a)は、200mg/kg(DFP-10917換算量は4.8mg/kg)を1週間に1回静脈内投与し、肺がんの標準薬であるペメトレキセドは300mg/kgを1週間に1回腹腔内投与した。コントロールは、生理食塩水を1週間に1回静脈内投与した。観察は2週間(合計2回投与)とした。
その結果、化合物(1a)は、DFP-10917換算量4.8mg/kgの投与で、ペメトレキセド300mg/kg投与群と同等の腫瘍治療効果を示した。
BALB/cヌードマウスの右側腹部にヒト乳がん細胞BT474を1×107細胞移植し、試験例3と同様にして薬物投与したDFP-10917及び化合物(1a)は、1週間に1回計2回静脈内投与した。コントロールは、生理食塩水を1週間に1回投与した。
BALB/cヌードマウスの右側腹部にヒト膵臓がん細胞Panc-1を5×106細胞移植し、試験例3と同様にして薬物投与した。化合物(1g)は、1週間に1回計2回又は1週間に2回静脈内投与した。ゲムシタビンは100mg/kgを3日間で4回に分けて投与し、これを計4回静脈内投与した。コントロールは、生理食塩水を1週間に1回投与した。
BALB/cヌードマウスの右側腹部にヒト肺がん細胞A549細胞を移植し、11日後平均腫瘍が200mm3に達した時点で薬投与を開始した。投与スケジュールは表5、表6に示す。
また、化合物(1h)及び化合物(1i)は、上記の投与量で何ら体重減少が認められず、安全性も高いことが確認された(図16)。
BALB/cヌードマウスの右側腹部にヒト乳がん細胞BT474を1×107細胞移植し、腫瘍体積が100~150mm3になったときに薬物投与した。投与は、1週間に1回、2週間投与した。
Claims (11)
- 一般式(1)
R2は、式(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)又は(f)
mは10~1000の数を示し;
矢印は結合部位を示す。〕
で表される化合物又はその塩。 - R2が式(a)又は(b)で示される基である請求項1記載の化合物又はその塩。
- R2が式(a)で示される基である請求項1又は2記載の化合物又はその塩。
- R2が式(a)で示される基であり、R6がヒドロキシ基又はハロゲン原子であり、R7が水素原子又はハロゲン原子であり、R8が水素原子、シアノ基又はエチニル基であり、R9及びR10が水素原子である請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩を含有する医薬。
- 悪性腫瘍治療薬である請求項6記載の医薬。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩、及び薬学的に許容される塩を含有する医薬組成物。
- 悪性腫瘍治療薬製造のための、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩の使用。
- 悪性腫瘍の治療に使用するための、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の化合物又はその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする悪性腫瘍の治療方法。
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