WO2016086732A1 - 一种敞车的侧墙结构 - Google Patents

一种敞车的侧墙结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016086732A1
WO2016086732A1 PCT/CN2015/092528 CN2015092528W WO2016086732A1 WO 2016086732 A1 WO2016086732 A1 WO 2016086732A1 CN 2015092528 W CN2015092528 W CN 2015092528W WO 2016086732 A1 WO2016086732 A1 WO 2016086732A1
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Prior art keywords
column
side wall
plate
built
welded
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PCT/CN2015/092528
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
武慧平
胡跃明
赵华瑞
何衍
林量才
汤楚强
Original Assignee
南车长江车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 南车长江车辆有限公司 filed Critical 南车长江车辆有限公司
Priority to BR112017010122A priority Critical patent/BR112017010122B8/pt
Priority to AU2015357969A priority patent/AU2015357969B2/en
Priority to CA2966034A priority patent/CA2966034C/en
Priority to US15/525,272 priority patent/US10384693B2/en
Publication of WO2016086732A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016086732A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/08—Sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of open cars, in particular to the field of railway gondola, and in particular to a side wall structure of a gondola.
  • the railway gondola is the main type of railway transport. It has the largest number of existing railway wagons. It mainly undertakes the task of transporting bulk cargo such as coal, ore, mining materials, timber, steel, etc. It can also be used to transport some. Heavy machinery.
  • the railway gondola can be divided into two types according to different unloading methods: one is a gondola suitable for manual or mechanical loading and unloading operations, and the other is suitable for large-scale industrial and mining enterprises, station yards, docks, fixed group transportation, and dumpers. Unloading the gondola.
  • the railway ore car body is mainly composed of a chassis, an end wall and a side wall.
  • the bottom frame is mainly welded by the middle beam, the bolster beam, the beam, the longitudinal beam and the floor.
  • the end wall is mainly welded by the end plate, the upper end beam, the cross belt and the corner column, and the side wall is mainly composed of the upper side beam.
  • the pillow column, the side column and the side wall panel are welded together, and the three jointly synthesize the cargo loading space and the overall load-bearing structure.
  • the end wall and the side wall are mainly used to bear the side pressure of loading the cargo and the lateral force generated by the vehicle during operation, especially the longitudinally arranged side wall needs to bear more pressure, so the side wall must have sufficient strength and rigidity. To ensure the safety of the railway gondola operation.
  • Chinese Patent No. 201220680175.8 discloses a side wall of a railway ore car body, which adopts a built-in pillow column and a built-in side column respectively on the position of the corresponding bolster and the beam on the upper side beam, and the built-in pillow column.
  • this technical solution has the following problems in actual construction and use:
  • the spacing between the built-in pillow column and the built-in side column is also large, so that the built-in pillow column and the built-in side column have limited effect on improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall, therefore,
  • the side wall panel In actual construction, in order to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity of the side wall, the side wall panel must be pressed to further improve the strength and rigidity of the side wall, thus increasing the workload and reducing the assembly efficiency;
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above background art, and to provide a side wall structure of a gondola with high carrying capacity and high assembly efficiency.
  • the side wall structure of the gondola designed by the present invention comprises an upper side beam and a side wall panel, and the inner side of the upper side beam is respectively provided with a built-in pillow column and a built-in side column, the upper side
  • the beam is integrally formed by the outer flange plate, the upper plane plate, the inner slant panel and the lower stile plate, and the inner edge of the inner slanting panel and the lower stile is welded to the inner slanting panel and the lower stile.
  • a built-in small column is disposed between the outer side of the inner pillow, the adjacent inner pillow and the inner side column, and between the two adjacent inner side columns, and the opening edge of the upper part of the built-in small column is also Welding on the inner inclined panel and the lower vertical panel;
  • the side wall panel comprises a flat side wall panel of an integral flat structure and a curved plate of a curved small block structure, the lower part of the built-in pillow column and the built-in side pillar
  • the lower portion and the integral opening edge of the lower portion of the built-in small pillar are respectively welded to the flat side wall panel, and the plurality of the curved plates are respectively welded between the adjacent inner pillow column and the inner side pillar and adjacent to each other Two of the built-in side columns
  • the upper end of the straight side wall panel abuts the lower end of the lower upright panel, and the lower end of the flat side wall panel is welded to the upper end of the curved panel, the lower end of the curved panel and the vehicle body floor welding.
  • the inner side small column is respectively added between the outer side of the inner pillow, the adjacent inner pillow and the inner side column, and the two adjacent inner side columns to strengthen the support of the side wall board, thereby
  • the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure are greatly improved, so that the side wall panel is not required to be pressed, thereby reducing the workload and improving the assembly efficiency; at the same time, the side wall panel is designed to be a flat side wall.
  • the structure consisting of a plate and a curved plate, so that the upper part of the side wall panel is a monolithic structure, thereby improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, and reducing the upper part of the side wall panel as a monolithic structure
  • the number of assembled parts increases assembly efficiency.
  • one of the built-in small columns is respectively disposed on the outer side of the built-in pillow column, and two are respectively disposed between the adjacent pillow column and the built-in side column and between the two adjacent built-in side columns.
  • the built-in small column is described in the root.
  • the lower end of the built-in small column is connected to the curved plate through a base; the base is assembled by two base curved plates and a base connecting plate, and the curved side of the base curved plate The upper end of the base abuts the lower end of the built-in small column, and the arcuate opening of the base abuts the curved plate.
  • the base integrates the built-in small column, the flat side wall plate and the curved plate, thereby further improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure.
  • the bottom surface of the vehicle body floor is respectively provided with a small beam connecting the longitudinal beams of the vehicle body at positions corresponding to the built-in small columns.
  • a small beam connecting the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body is added, so that the force on the side wall panel can be transmitted to the small beam through the built-in small column, the base and the curved plate, and finally transmitted to the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body through the small beam, thereby Increased the load that the side wall structure can withstand.
  • the outer side of the curved plate is respectively provided with a force transmission plate corresponding to the position of the built-in small column, and the end of the force transmission plate is welded outside the curved plate, and the lower end of the force transmission plate is small Beam welding.
  • the added force transmission plate can better transmit the force on the side wall panel to the small beam, thereby further increasing the load that the side wall structure can bear.
  • the outer side of the straight side wall panel is respectively provided with a middle side of the vehicle corresponding to the position of the built-in small column, and the middle side of the vehicle is welded to the flat side wall board, the middle The lower end of the vehicle plate is welded to the force transmission plate.
  • the added intermediate plate can effectively avoid damage to the side wall structure when loading and unloading machinery such as the dumper.
  • the upper outer side of the inner pillow column is provided with a pillow column connecting seat, and the upper end of the pillow column connecting seat is welded to the lower end of the outer flange plate, and the lower end of the pillow column connecting seat and the inner side oblique
  • the lower end of the panel is welded and connected;
  • the outer side of the lower part of the inner pillow column is provided with a pillow column sealing plate, and the upper end of the pillow column sealing plate is weldedly connected with the lower end of the straight side wall panel, and the inner side of the lower end of the pillow column sealing plate is simultaneously
  • the opening edge of the built-in pillow column and the end of the body bolster are welded.
  • the added pillow column joint and the pillow column seal plate on the one hand increase the overall strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that it can uniformly withstand the side pressure of loading the cargo and the lateral force of the vehicle running, and on the other hand, it is improved.
  • the exterior of the car is aesthetically pleasing and clean.
  • the upper side of the upper side of the inner side pillar is provided with a side pillar connecting seat, and the upper end of the side pillar connecting seat is weldedly connected with the lower end of the outer flanged board, and the lower end of the side pillar connecting seat and the inner side inclined
  • the lower end of the panel is weldedly connected;
  • the lower side of the lower side of the inner side pillar is provided with a side pillar sealing plate, and the side end of the side pillar sealing plate is weldedly connected with the lower end of the flat side wall panel, and the inner side of the lower end of the side pillar sealing plate is simultaneously
  • the opening edge of the built-in side column and the end of the body beam are welded.
  • the added side column connecting seat and the side column sealing plate on the one hand increase the overall strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that it can uniformly bear the side pressure of loading the cargo and the lateral force of the vehicle running, and on the other hand, the utility model also improves The exterior of the car is aesthetically pleasing and clean.
  • the lower end of the outer flange plate is provided with a horizontally arranged sealing plate, one side of the sealing plate abuts the lower end of the outer flange plate, and the other side of the sealing plate and the inner side are inclined
  • the outer side of the panel faces, and the outer flanging plate, the upper flat plate, the inner slanting panel, and the sealing plate form a closed cavity.
  • the flanged structure of the upper side beam is sealed by the sealing plate to form a closed cavity, which greatly improves the strength and rigidity of the upper side beam.
  • the two ends of the upper side beam are respectively provided with angle irons for connecting the end walls.
  • angle irons for connecting the end walls.
  • the side wall panel is designed as a structure consisting of a flat side wall panel and a curved panel, so that the upper portion of the side wall panel is a unitary structure, thereby improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, and After the upper part of the wall panel is designed as a monolithic structure, the number of assembled parts is reduced, and the assembly efficiency is improved;
  • the base By adding a base at the lower end of the built-in small column, the base connects the built-in small column, the flat side wall plate and the curved plate into one body, thereby further improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure;
  • the added force transmission plate can better transmit the force on the side wall panel to the small beam, thereby further increasing the load that the side wall structure can bear;
  • the added intermediate plate can effectively avoid damage to the side wall structure when loading and unloading machinery such as dumpers;
  • the additional pillow column joint, pillow column seal plate, side column joint seat and side column seal plate on the one hand increase the overall strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that it can evenly bear the side pressure of loading cargo and
  • the lateral force of the vehicle's operation on the other hand, also improves the aesthetic design and cleanliness of the car body;
  • the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure are greatly improved, so that the corner column required for the end wall installation can be eliminated, but the strength is ensured.
  • the side wall structure is also provided with angle irons for connecting the end walls at the two ends of the upper side beam, so that the structure of the vehicle body is greatly simplified and the assembly efficiency is improved under the premise of ensuring strength and rigidity. .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the front structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic rear view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic left side view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the upper side beam of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the side wall panel of Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the base of Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the use state of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a partial bottom plan view of Figure 7.
  • upper side beam 1 outer side flange 1a, upper flat panel 1b, inner inclined panel 1c, lower vertical panel 1d, sealing panel 1e, side wall panel 2, straight side wall panel 2a, curved panel 2b, Built-in pillow column 3, built-in side column 4, built-in small column 5, base 6, base curved plate 6a, base connecting plate 6b, butt plate 6c, small beam 7, force transmission plate 8, middle plate 9, pillow
  • the connecting seat 10 the pillow column sealing plate 11, the side column connecting seat 12, the side column sealing plate 13, the end wall 14, and the angle iron 15.
  • the side wall structure of the gondola according to FIG. 1 includes an upper side beam 1 and a side wall panel 2, and the inner side longitudinal direction of the upper side beam 1 is respectively provided with a built-in pillow column 3 and a built-in side column 4, the upper side
  • the side sill 1 is integrally formed by the outer gusset 1a, the upper flat panel 1b, the inner slant panel 1c, and the lower stile 1d, and the open rim of the inner pillow 3 and the upper portion of the inner side pillar 4 is welded to the inner side.
  • the inclined panel 1c and the lower vertical panel 1d are respectively disposed between the outer side of the inner pillow 3, the adjacent inner pillow 3 and the inner side pillar 4, and the adjacent two inner side pillars 4, respectively.
  • a small pillar 5 is built in, and an opening edge of an upper portion of the built-in small pillar 5 is also welded to the inner inclined panel 1c and the lower vertical panel 1d;
  • the side wall panel 2 includes a flat plate wall 2a and an arc of an integral flat structure a curved plate 2b having a small block structure, a lower portion of the built-in pillow column 3, a lower portion of the built-in side pillar 4, and an opening edge of the lower portion of the lower portion of the built-in small pillar 5 are respectively welded to the straight side wall panel 2a, and a plurality of blocks
  • the curved plates 2b are respectively welded between the adjacent inner pillows 3 and the inner side pillars 4 and adjacent to the two Between the side columns 4, the upper end of the flat side wall panel 2a is in abutment with the lower end of the lower upright panel 1d, and the lower end of the flat side wall panel 2a is welded to the upper end of the curved panel 2b.
  • the lower end of the shaped plate 2b is welded to the floor of the vehicle body.
  • a built-in small column 5 is interposed between the outside of the built-in pillow 3, the adjacent built-in pillow 3 and the built-in side column 4, and the adjacent two of the built-in side columns 4 to strengthen the side wall
  • the support of the plate 2 greatly improves the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that the side wall panel 2 does not need to be pressed, thereby reducing the workload and improving the assembly efficiency;
  • the side wall panel 2 is designed as a structure consisting of a flat side wall panel 2a and a curved panel 2b, such that the upper portion of the side wall panel 2 is a unitary structure, thereby improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, and, in addition, the side wall panel
  • the upper part of the 2 is designed as a one-piece structure, which reduces the number of assembled parts and improves assembly efficiency.
  • One of the built-in small pillars 5 is respectively disposed on the outer side of the built-in pillow column 3, and two are respectively disposed between the adjacent pillow pillars 3 and the inner side pillars 4 and between the two adjacent inner pillars 4
  • the built-in small column 5 is provided.
  • the lower end of the built-in small column 5 is connected to the curved plate 2b through the base 6;
  • the base 6 is assembled by two base curved plates 6a and a base connecting plate 6b, and the arc of the base curved plate 6a
  • the side of the shape cooperates with the curved plate 2b, the upper end of the base 6 abuts the lower end of the built-in small column 5, and the arcuate opening of the base 6 abuts the curved plate 2b.
  • the base 6 By adding the base 6 at the lower end of the built-in small column 5, the base 6 connects the built-in small column 5, the straight side wall panel 2a and the curved plate 2b into one body, thereby further improving the strength of the side wall structure. And stiffness.
  • a docking plate 6c can be added to the upper end of the base 6.
  • the bottom surface of the car body floor corresponding to the built-in small column 5 is respectively provided with a small beam 7 connecting the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body.
  • the outer side of the curved plate 2b is respectively provided with a force transmission plate 8 corresponding to the position of the built-in small column 5, and the upper end of the force transmission plate 8 is welded to the outer side of the curved plate 2b, and the lower end of the force transmission plate 8 is The small beam 7 is welded.
  • the added force transmitting plate 8 can better transmit the force on the side wall panel 2 to the small beam 7, thereby further increasing the load that the side wall structure can bear.
  • An outer side of the flat side wall panel 2a corresponding to the inner small pillar 5 is respectively provided with a middle side panel 9 on which an upper end of the intermediate side panel 9 is welded, wherein the middle side is supported by the flat side wall panel 2a.
  • the lower end of the vehicle panel 9 is welded to the force transmission plate 8.
  • the added intermediate car board 9 can effectively avoid damage to the side wall structure when loading and unloading goods such as a dumper.
  • the upper outer side of the built-in pillow column 3 is provided with a pillow post connector 10.
  • the upper end of the pillow post connector 10 is welded to the lower end of the outer flange plate 1a, and the lower end of the pillow post connector 10 and the inner oblique panel 1b is welded at the lower end;
  • the lower outer side of the inner pillow 3 is provided with a pillow column sealing plate 11, and the upper end of the pillow column sealing plate 11 is welded to the lower end of the straight side wall panel 2a, and the pillow column sealing plate 11 is connected.
  • the inner side of the lower end is simultaneously welded to the opening edge of the inner pillow 3 and the end of the body bolster.
  • the added pillow column connecting seat 10 and the pillow column sealing plate 11 on the one hand increase the overall strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that it can uniformly bear the loading goods.
  • the lateral pressure of the object and the lateral force of the vehicle's operation, on the other hand, also improve the aesthetic design and cleanliness of the car body.
  • the upper side of the upper side of the inner side pillar 4 is provided with a side pillar connecting seat 12, and the upper end of the side pillar connecting seat 12 is welded to the lower end of the outer flange board 1a, and the lower end of the side pillar connecting seat 12 and the inner inclined panel 1c is welded at the lower end;
  • the lower outer side of the inner side pillar 4 is provided with a side pillar sealing plate 13, and the upper end of the side pillar sealing plate 13 is weldedly connected with the lower end of the straight side wall panel 2a, and the side pillar sealing plate 13 is welded.
  • the inner side of the lower end is simultaneously welded to the opening edge of the inner side pillar 4 and the end of the vehicle body beam.
  • the added side column connecting seat 12 and the side column sealing plate 13 on the one hand increase the overall strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that it can uniformly withstand the side pressure of the loaded cargo and the lateral force of the vehicle running, on the other hand Improve the aesthetic design and cleanliness of the car body.
  • the lower end of the outer flange plate 1a is provided with a horizontally arranged sealing plate 1e, one side of the sealing plate 1e is abutted with the lower end of the outer flange plate 1a, and the other side of the sealing plate 1e and the inner inclined panel
  • the outer side of the 1c faces, and the outer side flap 1a, the upper flat panel 1b, the inner slant panel 1c, and the sealing panel 1e form a closed cavity.
  • the flanged structure of the upper side member 1 is sealed by the sealing plate 1e to form a closed cavity, which greatly improves the strength and rigidity of the upper side member 1.
  • Both ends of the upper side member 1 are respectively provided with angle irons 15 for connecting the end walls 14.
  • the side wall structure is further provided with an angle iron 15 for connecting the end wall 14 at both ends of the upper side beam 1, so that the structure of the vehicle body is greatly simplified and the structure is improved under the premise of ensuring strength and rigidity. Assembly efficiency.
  • the bottom periphery of the inner pillow 3 and the inner side pillar 4 are welded with a circular arc protection plate, and the arc protection plate is also welded to the vehicle body floor, and the inner pillow 3 and the inner side pillar 4 are simultaneously
  • the lower end passes through the body floor and is respectively welded to the corresponding bolster upper cover and the beam upper cover.
  • Other unmentioned structures of the side wall structure can be found in the structure of a side wall of a railway ore car body disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 201220680175.8.
  • a built-in small column 5 is respectively added between the outside of the built-in pillow 3, the adjacent built-in pillow 3 and the built-in side pillar 4, and the adjacent two built-in side pillars 4 to strengthen the pair.
  • the support of the side wall panel 2 greatly improves the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, so that the side wall panel 2 does not need to be pressed, thereby reducing the workload and improving the assembly efficiency;
  • 2 is designed as a structure consisting of a flat side wall panel 2a and a curved panel 2b, such that the upper portion of the side wall panel 2 is a unitary structure, thereby improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure, and, in addition, the side wall panel After the upper part of the design is 2, the number of assembled parts is reduced, and the assembly efficiency is improved.
  • the base 6 By adding the base 6 at the lower end of the built-in small column 5, the base 6 will have a built-in small column 5 and a straight side wall panel 2a. And the curved plate 2b is integrated into one, thereby further improving the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure; and separately connecting the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body at the position corresponding to the built-in small column 5 on the bottom surface of the car body floor Beam 7, so that the force on the side wall panel 2 can pass The built-in small column 5, the base 6 and the curved plate 2b are transmitted to the small beam 7, and finally transmitted to the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body through the small beam 7, thereby increasing the load that the side wall structure can bear; The force transmission plate 8 can better transmit the force on the side wall panel 2 to the small beam 7, thereby further increasing the load that the side wall structure can bear; the added intermediate axle plate 9 can effectively It is avoided to damage the side wall structure when loading and unloading goods such as a dumper; the additional pillow column connecting seat 10, the pillow column sealing plate 11, the side column connecting seat
  • the upper side beam 1 is turned over by the sealing plate 1e.
  • the edge structure seal forms a closed cavity, which greatly improves the strength and rigidity of the upper side beam 1; the strength and rigidity of the side wall structure are greatly improved by adding the built-in small column 5 and the flanged structure of the upper side beam 1
  • the ground is raised so that the end wall can be removed
  • the corner column is required, but in order to ensure the strength, the side wall structure is also provided with an angle iron 15 for connecting the end wall 14 at both ends of the upper side beam 1, so that the strength and rigidity are ensured, greatly It simplifies the structure of the car body and improves assembly efficiency.
  • the invention is applicable to various gondola vehicles, such as railway ore gondola and railway freight cars.

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Abstract

一种敞车的侧墙结构，包括上侧梁（1），上侧梁（1）内侧设有内置枕柱（3）和内置侧柱（4），上侧梁（1）由外侧翻边板（1a）、上部平面板(1b)、内侧斜面板(1c)和下部竖立板(1d)压型而成，内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)上部焊在内侧斜面板(1c)和下部竖立板(1d)上，内置枕柱(3)外侧、相邻内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)间以及相邻两内置侧柱(4)间分别设有内置小立柱(5)，内置小立柱(5)上部焊在内侧斜面板(1c)和下部竖立板(1d)上；侧墙板(2)包括平直侧墙板(2a)和弧形板(2b)，内置枕柱(3)下部部分、内置侧柱(4)下部部分和内置小立柱(5)下部整体分别焊在平直侧墙板(2a)上，多块弧形板(2b)分别焊接在相邻内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)间及相邻两内置侧柱(4)间，平直侧墙板(2a)上端与下部竖立板(1d)下端对接，平直侧墙板(2a)下端与弧形板(2b)上端焊接，弧形板(2b)下端与车体地板焊接。

Description

一种敞车的侧墙结构 技术领域
本发明涉及敞车领域，特别是铁路敞车领域，具体地指一种敞车的侧墙结构。
背景技术
铁路敞车是铁路运输中的主型车辆，在已有的铁路货车总量中数量最多，它主要承担运送煤炭、矿石、矿建物资、木材、钢材等大宗货物的任务，也可以用来运送一些重型机械设备。铁路敞车按卸货方式不同可分为两类：一类是适用于人工或机械装卸作业的敞车，另一类是适用于大型工矿企业、站场、码头之间成列固定编组运输、用翻车机卸货的敞车。
随着铁路货运向重载运输的方向发展，提高轴重、增大单车载重已成为世界各国重载运输行之有效并一致采取的通用措施。对于敞车，特别是铁路敞车而言，也随之向提高轴重、增加每延米载重的方向发展，其车体的重量也在相应地增加。
目前，铁路矿石敞车车体主要由底架、端墙和侧墙构成。其中：底架主要由中梁、枕梁、横梁、纵向梁和地板组焊而成，端墙主要由端板、上端梁、横带和角柱等组焊而成，侧墙主要由上侧梁、枕柱、侧柱和侧墙板等组焊而成，三者共同围合成货物装载空间和整体承载结构。端墙和侧墙主要用于承受装载货物的侧压力和车辆在运行过程中产生的横向力，特别是纵向布置的侧墙需要承受的压力更大，因此侧墙必须具有足够的强度和刚度，以确保铁路敞车运行的安全性。
为了解决上述问题，中国专利201220680175.8公开了一种铁路矿石敞车车体侧墙，其采用在上侧梁上对应枕梁和横梁的位置分别加设内置枕柱和内置侧柱，并在内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间组焊小块结构的侧墙板的技术方案来提高侧墙的强度和刚度。但这种技术方案在实际施工和使用时存在以下问题：
1、由于枕梁和横梁之间的间距较大，所以内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间的间距也较大，这样内置枕柱和内置侧柱提高侧墙强度和刚度的效果有限，因此，在实际施工时，为保证侧墙具有足够的强度和刚度，还是必须将侧墙板进行压型处理，以进一步提高侧墙的强度和刚度，这样便增大了工作量，降低了组装效率；
2、由于侧墙板为小块结构，所以施工时必须将多块侧墙板先分别进行压型，再进行组焊，从而增加了组装零件的数量，增大了工作量，降低了组装效 率，而且组焊后的侧墙结构的强度也较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述背景技术存在的不足，提出一种承载能力强且组装效率高的敞车的侧墙结构。
为实现上述目的，本发明所设计的一种敞车的侧墙结构，包括上侧梁和侧墙板，所述上侧梁的内侧纵向分别设有内置枕柱和内置侧柱，所述上侧梁由外侧翻边板、上部平面板、内侧斜面板和下部竖立板整体压型而成，所述内置枕柱和内置侧柱上部的开口边缘焊接在所述内侧斜面板和下部竖立板上，所述内置枕柱外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱之间分别设有内置小立柱，所述内置小立柱上部的开口边缘也焊接在所述内侧斜面板和下部竖立板上；所述侧墙板包括整体平板结构的平直侧墙板和弧形小块结构的弧形板，所述内置枕柱下部部分、内置侧柱下部部分和内置小立柱下部整体的开口边缘分别焊接在所述平直侧墙板上，多块所述弧形板分别焊接在相邻的所述内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱之间，所述平直侧墙板的上端与所述下部竖立板的下端对接，所述平直侧墙板的下端与所述弧形板的上端焊接，所述弧形板的下端与车体地板焊接。通过在内置枕柱外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱之间分别加设内置小立柱，以加强对侧墙板的支撑，从而大大地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，这样便无需再对侧墙板进行压型，从而减小了工作量，提高了组装效率；同时，将侧墙板设计成由平直侧墙板和弧形板组成的结构，这样，侧墙板的上部为整体式结构，从而提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，而且，将侧墙板的上部设计为整体式结构后，减少了组装零件的数量，提高了组装效率。
在上述方案中，所述内置枕柱外侧分别设有一根所述内置小立柱，相邻所述内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱之间分别设有两根所述内置小立柱。
在上述方案中，所述内置小立柱下端通过底座与所述弧形板相连；所述底座由两块底座弧形板和一块底座连接板拼装而成，所述底座弧形板的弧形侧边与所述弧形板相配合，所述底座上端与所述内置小立柱下端对接，所述底座的弧形开口与所述弧形板对接。通过在内置小立柱下端加设底座，这样底座便将内置小立柱、平直侧墙板和弧形板三者连为一体，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度。
在上述方案中，所述车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱的位置分别设有连接车体纵向梁的小横梁。通过在车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱的位置分别 加设连接车体纵向梁的小横梁，这样侧墙板上的受力可通过内置小立柱、底座和弧形板传递到小横梁上，最后再通过小横梁传递到车体纵向梁上，从而提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷。
在上述方案中，所述弧形板外侧对应所述内置小立柱位置分别设有传力板，所述传力板上端焊接在所述弧形板外侧，所述传力板下端与所述小横梁焊接。加设的传力板能更好的将侧墙板上的受力传递到小横梁上，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷。
在上述方案中，所述平直侧墙板外侧对应所述内置小立柱的位置分别设有中间靠车板，所述中间靠车板上端焊接在所述平直侧墙板上，所述中间靠车板下端焊接在所述传力板上。加设的中间靠车板能有效地避免在翻车机等机械设备装卸货物时损伤本侧墙结构。
在上述方案中，所述内置枕柱的上部外侧设置有枕柱连接座，所述枕柱连接座上端与所述外侧翻边板下端焊接相连，所述枕柱连接座下端与所述内侧斜面板下端焊接相连；所述内置枕柱的下部外侧设置有枕柱封板，所述枕柱封板上端与所述平直侧墙板下端焊接相连，所述枕柱封板下端内侧同时与所述内置枕柱的开口边缘和车体枕梁端部焊接。加设的枕柱连接座和枕柱封板一方面增大了本侧墙结构的整体强度和刚度，使其能够均匀承受装载货物的侧压力和车辆运行的横向力，另一方面还提高了车体外观设计美感和干净清洁。
在上述方案中，所述内置侧柱的上部外侧设置有侧柱连接座，所述侧柱连接座上端与所述外侧翻边板下端焊接相连，所述侧柱连接座下端与所述内侧斜面板下端焊接相连；所述内置侧柱的下部外侧设置有侧柱封板，所述侧柱封板上端与所述平直侧墙板下端焊接相连，所述侧柱封板下端内侧同时与所述内置侧柱的开口边缘和车体横梁端部焊接。加设的侧柱连接座和侧柱封板一方面增大了本侧墙结构的整体强度和刚度，使其能够均匀承受装载货物的侧压力和车辆运行的横向力，另一方面还提高了车体外观设计美感和干净清洁。
在上述方案中，所述外侧翻边板下端设有水平布置的封口板，所述封口板一侧边与所述外侧翻边板下端对接，所述封口板另一侧边与所述内侧斜面板的外侧面对接，所述外侧翻边板、上部平面板、内侧斜面板和封口板形成封闭腔。通过封口板将上侧梁的翻边结构封口形成封闭腔，这样大大地提高了上侧梁的强度和刚度。
在上述方案中，所述上侧梁的两端分别设有用于连接端墙的角铁。通过加设内置小立柱和封闭上侧梁的翻边结构后，本侧墙结构的强度和刚度被大大地提高了，这样便可取消端墙安装时所需的角柱，但为确保强度，本侧墙结构还是在上侧梁的两端分别加设了用于连接端墙的角铁，这样在保证了强度和刚度 的前提下，大大地简化了车体的结构，提高了组装效率。
本发明的优点在于：
1、通过在内置枕柱外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱和内置侧柱之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱之间分别加设内置小立柱，以加强对侧墙板的支撑，从而大大地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，这样便无需再对侧墙板进行压型，从而减小了工作量，提高了组装效率；
2、将侧墙板设计成由平直侧墙板和弧形板组成的结构，这样，侧墙板的上部为整体式结构，从而提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，而且，将侧墙板的上部设计为整体式结构后，减少了组装零件的数量，提高了组装效率；
3、通过在内置小立柱下端加设底座，这样底座便将内置小立柱、平直侧墙板和弧形板三者连为一体，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度；
4、通过在车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱的位置分别加设连接车体纵向梁的小横梁，这样侧墙板上的受力可通过内置小立柱、底座和弧形板传递到小横梁上，最后再通过小横梁传递到车体纵向梁上，从而提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷；
5、加设的传力板能更好的将侧墙板上的受力传递到小横梁上，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷；
6、加设的中间靠车板能有效地避免在翻车机等机械设备装卸货物时损伤本侧墙结构；
7、加设的枕柱连接座、枕柱封板、侧柱连接座和侧柱封板一方面增大了本侧墙结构的整体强度和刚度，使其能够均匀承受装载货物的侧压力和车辆运行的横向力，另一方面还提高了车体外观设计美感和干净清洁；
8、通过封口板将上侧梁的翻边结构封口形成封闭腔，这样大大地提高了上侧梁的强度和刚度；
9、通过加设内置小立柱和封闭上侧梁的翻边结构后，本侧墙结构的强度和刚度被大大地提高了，这样便可取消端墙安装时所需的角柱，但为确保强度，本侧墙结构还是在上侧梁的两端分别加设了用于连接端墙的角铁，这样在保证了强度和刚度的前提下，大大地简化了车体的结构，提高了组装效率。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领 域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本发明的正面结构示意图；
图2为图1的后视结构示意图；
图3为图1的左视结构示意图；
图4为图3中上侧梁的结构示意图；
图5为图3中侧墙板的结构示意图；
图6为图3中底座的结构示意图；
图7为本发明的使用状态结构示意图；
图8为图7的局部仰视结构示意图。
图中：上侧梁1，外侧翻边板1a，上部平面板1b，内侧斜面板1c，下部竖立板1d，封口板1e，侧墙板2，平直侧墙板2a，弧形板2b，内置枕柱3，内置侧柱4，内置小立柱5，底座6，底座弧形板6a，底座连接板6b，对接平板6c，小横梁7，传力板8，中间靠车板9，枕柱连接座10，枕柱封板11，侧柱连接座12，侧柱封板13，端墙14，角铁15。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如图1所示的一种敞车的侧墙结构，包括上侧梁1和侧墙板2，所述上侧梁1的内侧纵向分别设有内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4，所述上侧梁1由外侧翻边板1a、上部平面板1b、内侧斜面板1c和下部竖立板1d整体压型而成，所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4上部的开口边缘焊接在所述内侧斜面板1c和下部竖立板1d上，所述内置枕柱3外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱4之间分别设有内置小立柱5，所述内置小立柱5上部的开口边缘也焊接在所述内侧斜面板1c和下部竖立板1d上；所述侧墙板2包括整体平板结构的平直侧墙板2a和弧形小块结构的弧形板2b，所述内置枕柱3下部部分、内置侧柱4下部部分和内置小立柱5下部整体的开口边缘分别焊接在所述平直侧墙板2a上，多块所述弧形板2b分别焊接在相邻的所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱4之间，所述平直侧墙板2a的上端与所述下部竖立板1d的下端对接，所述平直侧墙板2a的下端与所述弧形板2b的上端焊接，所述弧 形板2b的下端与车体地板焊接。通过在内置枕柱3外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱4之间分别加设内置小立柱5，以加强对侧墙板2的支撑，从而大大地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，这样便无需再对侧墙板2进行压型，从而减小了工作量，提高了组装效率；同时，将侧墙板2设计成由平直侧墙板2a和弧形板2b组成的结构，这样，侧墙板2的上部为整体式结构，从而提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，而且，将侧墙板2的上部设计为整体式结构后，减少了组装零件的数量，提高了组装效率。
上述内置枕柱3外侧分别设有一根所述内置小立柱5，相邻所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱4之间分别设有两根所述内置小立柱5。所述内置小立柱5下端通过底座6与所述弧形板2b相连；所述底座6由两块底座弧形板6a和一块底座连接板6b拼装而成，所述底座弧形板6a的弧形侧边与所述弧形板2b相配合，所述底座6上端与所述内置小立柱5下端对接，所述底座6的弧形开口与所述弧形板2b对接。通过在内置小立柱5下端加设底座6，这样底座6便将内置小立柱5、平直侧墙板2a和弧形板2b三者连为一体，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度。为方便内置小立柱5与底座6对接，可在底座6上端加设一块对接平板6c。
上述车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱5的位置分别设有连接车体纵向梁的小横梁7。通过在车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱5的位置分别加设连接车体纵向梁的小横梁7，这样侧墙板2上的受力可通过内置小立柱5、底座6和弧形板2b传递到小横梁7上，最后再通过小横梁7传递到车体纵向梁上，从而提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷。所述弧形板2b外侧对应所述内置小立柱5位置分别设有传力板8，所述传力板8上端焊接在所述弧形板2b外侧，所述传力板8下端与所述小横梁7焊接。加设的传力板8能更好的将侧墙板2上的受力传递到小横梁7上，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷。
上述平直侧墙板2a外侧对应所述内置小立柱5的位置分别设有中间靠车板9，所述中间靠车板9上端焊接在所述平直侧墙板2a上，所述中间靠车板9下端焊接在所述传力板8上。加设的中间靠车板9能有效地避免在翻车机等机械设备装卸货物时损伤本侧墙结构。
上述内置枕柱3的上部外侧设置有枕柱连接座10，所述枕柱连接座10上端与所述外侧翻边板1a下端焊接相连，所述枕柱连接座10下端与所述内侧斜面板1c下端焊接相连；所述内置枕柱3的下部外侧设置有枕柱封板11，所述枕柱封板11上端与所述平直侧墙板2a下端焊接相连，所述枕柱封板11下端内侧同时与所述内置枕柱3的开口边缘和车体枕梁端部焊接。加设的枕柱连接座10和枕柱封板11一方面增大了本侧墙结构的整体强度和刚度，使其能够均匀承受装载货 物的侧压力和车辆运行的横向力，另一方面还提高了车体外观设计美感和干净清洁。
上述内置侧柱4的上部外侧设置有侧柱连接座12，所述侧柱连接座12上端与所述外侧翻边板1a下端焊接相连，所述侧柱连接座12下端与所述内侧斜面板1c下端焊接相连；所述内置侧柱4的下部外侧设置有侧柱封板13，所述侧柱封板13上端与所述平直侧墙板2a下端焊接相连，所述侧柱封板13下端内侧同时与所述内置侧柱4的开口边缘和车体横梁端部焊接。加设的侧柱连接座12和侧柱封板13一方面增大了本侧墙结构的整体强度和刚度，使其能够均匀承受装载货物的侧压力和车辆运行的横向力，另一方面还提高了车体外观设计美感和干净清洁。
上述外侧翻边板1a下端设有水平布置的封口板1e，所述封口板1e一侧边与所述外侧翻边板1a下端对接，所述封口板1e另一侧边与所述内侧斜面板1c的外侧面对接，所述外侧翻边板1a、上部平面板1b、内侧斜面板1c和封口板1e形成封闭腔。通过封口板1e将上侧梁1的翻边结构封口形成封闭腔，这样大大地提高了上侧梁1的强度和刚度。所述上侧梁1的两端分别设有用于连接端墙14的角铁15。通过加设内置小立柱5和封闭上侧梁1的翻边结构后，本侧墙结构的强度和刚度被大大地提高了，这样便可取消端墙安装时所需的角柱，但为确保强度，本侧墙结构还是在上侧梁1的两端分别加设了用于连接端墙14的角铁15，这样在保证了强度和刚度的前提下，大大地简化了车体的结构，提高了组装效率。
上述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4的底部周边均焊接有圆弧保护板，所述圆弧保护板还与所述车体地板焊接相连，同时，所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4下端穿过所述车体地板后分别与对应的枕梁上盖板和横梁上盖板焊接。本侧墙结构的其他未提及的结构可参见中国专利201220680175.8公开的一种铁路矿石敞车车体侧墙的结构。
本发明通过在内置枕柱3外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱3和内置侧柱4之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱4之间分别加设内置小立柱5，以加强对侧墙板2的支撑，从而大大地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，这样便无需再对侧墙板2进行压型，从而减小了工作量，提高了组装效率；将侧墙板2设计成由平直侧墙板2a和弧形板2b组成的结构，这样，侧墙板2的上部为整体式结构，从而提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度，而且，将侧墙板2的上部设计为整体式结构后，减少了组装零件的数量，提高了组装效率；通过在内置小立柱5下端加设底座6，这样底座6便将内置小立柱5、平直侧墙板2a和弧形板2b三者连为一体，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构的强度和刚度；通过在车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱5的位置分别加设连接车体纵向梁的小横梁7，这样侧墙板2上的受力可通 过内置小立柱5、底座6和弧形板2b传递到小横梁7上，最后再通过小横梁7传递到车体纵向梁上，从而提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷；加设的传力板8能更好的将侧墙板2上的受力传递到小横梁7上，从而进一步地提高了本侧墙结构所能承受的载荷；加设的中间靠车板9能有效地避免在翻车机等机械设备装卸货物时损伤本侧墙结构；加设的枕柱连接座10、枕柱封板11、侧柱连接座12和侧柱封板13一方面增大了本侧墙结构的整体强度和刚度，使其能够均匀承受装载货物的侧压力和车辆运行的横向力，另一方面还提高了车体外观设计美感和干净清洁；通过封口板1e将上侧梁1的翻边结构封口形成封闭腔，这样大大地提高了上侧梁1的强度和刚度；通过加设内置小立柱5和封闭上侧梁1的翻边结构后，本侧墙结构的强度和刚度被大大地提高了，这样便可取消端墙安装时所需的角柱，但为确保强度，本侧墙结构还是在上侧梁1的两端分别加设了用于连接端墙14的角铁15，这样在保证了强度和刚度的前提下，大大地简化了车体的结构，提高了组装效率。
本发明适用于各种敞车，如铁路矿石敞车和铁路运货敞车等。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种敞车的侧墙结构，包括上侧梁(1)和侧墙板(2)，所述上侧梁(1)的内侧纵向分别设有内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)，所述上侧梁(1)由外侧翻边板(1a)、上部平面板(1b)、内侧斜面板(1c)和下部竖立板(1d)整体压型而成，所述内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)上部的开口边缘焊接在所述内侧斜面板(1c)和下部竖立板(1d)上，其特征在于：所述内置枕柱(3)外侧、相邻的所述内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱(4)之间分别设有内置小立柱(5)，所述内置小立柱(5)上部的开口边缘也焊接在所述内侧斜面板(1c)和下部竖立板(1d)上；所述侧墙板(2)包括整体平板结构的平直侧墙板(2a)和弧形小块结构的弧形板(2b)，所述内置枕柱(3)下部部分、内置侧柱(4)下部部分和内置小立柱(5)下部整体的开口边缘分别焊接在所述平直侧墙板(2a)上，多块所述弧形板(2b)分别焊接在相邻的所述内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱(4)之间，所述平直侧墙板(2a)的上端与所述下部竖立板(1d)的下端对接，所述平直侧墙板(2a)的下端与所述弧形板(2b)的上端焊接，所述弧形板(2b)的下端与车体地板焊接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述内置枕柱(3)外侧分别设有一根所述内置小立柱(5)，相邻所述内置枕柱(3)和内置侧柱(4)之间以及相邻的两所述内置侧柱(4)之间分别设有两根所述内置小立柱(5)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述内置小立柱(5)下端通过底座(6)与所述弧形板(2b)相连；所述底座(6)由两块底座弧形板(6a)和一块底座连接板(6b)拼装而成，所述底座弧形板(6a)的弧形侧边与所述弧形板(2b)相配合，所述底座(6)上端与所述内置小立柱(5)下端对接，所述底座(6)的弧形开口与所述弧形板(2b)对接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述车体地板底面对应所述内置小立柱(5)的位置分别设有连接车体纵向梁的小横梁(7)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述弧形板(2b)外侧对应所述内置小立柱(5)位置分别设有传力板(8)，所述传力板(8)上端焊接在所述弧形板(2b)外侧，所述传力板(8)下端与所述小横梁(7)焊接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述平直侧墙板(2a)外侧对应所述内置小立柱(5)的位置分别设有中间靠车板(9)，所述中间靠车板(9)上端焊接在所述平直侧墙板(2a)上，所述中间靠车板 (9)下端焊接在所述传力板(8)上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述内置枕柱(3)的上部外侧设置有枕柱连接座(10)，所述枕柱连接座(10)上端与所述外侧翻边板(1a)下端焊接相连，所述枕柱连接座(10)下端与所述内侧斜面板(1c)下端焊接相连；所述内置枕柱(3)的下部外侧设置有枕柱封板(11)，所述枕柱封板(11)上端与所述平直侧墙板(2a)下端焊接相连，所述枕柱封板(11)下端内侧同时与所述内置枕柱(3)的开口边缘和车体枕梁端部焊接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述内置侧柱(4)的上部外侧设置有侧柱连接座(12)，所述侧柱连接座(12)上端与所述外侧翻边板(1a)下端焊接相连，所述侧柱连接座(12)下端与所述内侧斜面板(1c)下端焊接相连；所述内置侧柱(4)的下部外侧设置有侧柱封板(13)，所述侧柱封板(13)上端与所述平直侧墙板(2a)下端焊接相连，所述侧柱封板(13)下端内侧同时与所述内置侧柱(4)的开口边缘和车体横梁端部焊接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述外侧翻边板(1a)下端设有水平布置的封口板(1e)，所述封口板(1e)一侧边与所述外侧翻边板(1a)下端对接，所述封口板(1e)另一侧边与所述内侧斜面板(1c)的外侧面对接，所述外侧翻边板(1a)、上部平面板(1b)、内侧斜面板(1c)和封口板(1e)形成封闭腔。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种敞车的侧墙结构，其特征在于：所述上侧梁(1)的两端分别设有用于连接端墙(14)的角铁(15)。
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