WO2015199176A1 - 回転電機の巻線温度推定装置および回転電機の巻線温度推定方法 - Google Patents
回転電機の巻線温度推定装置および回転電機の巻線温度推定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015199176A1 WO2015199176A1 PCT/JP2015/068341 JP2015068341W WO2015199176A1 WO 2015199176 A1 WO2015199176 A1 WO 2015199176A1 JP 2015068341 W JP2015068341 W JP 2015068341W WO 2015199176 A1 WO2015199176 A1 WO 2015199176A1
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- winding
- refrigerant
- temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/64—Controlling or determining the temperature of the winding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
- H02K11/25—Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/24—Protection against failure of cooling arrangements, e.g. due to loss of cooling medium or due to interruption of the circulation of cooling medium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a winding temperature estimation device for a rotating electrical machine and a winding temperature estimation method for the rotating electrical machine.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-133195 for which it applied on June 27, 2014, and uses the content here.
- SC windings segment conductor windings
- the temperature dependence of each of the winding resistance value and the winding inductance of the motor is linear, and the winding temperature is estimated using the voltage equation of the motor.
- a technique is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the motor winding temperature becomes high when the operation is restarted by turning on the ignition switch of the vehicle, etc., the temperature difference between the ambient temperature of the winding and the estimated temperature value based on the winding resistance is increased.
- a temperature estimation apparatus that uses an initial value of an estimated value is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the temperature dependency of the winding resistance value of the motor only shows the correspondence between the winding resistance value and the average temperature of the winding temperature. For this reason, it is difficult to perform proper temperature estimation according to variations in winding temperature due to cooling in the high temperature portion of the winding and iron loss of the stator core. Furthermore, the contribution of the magnet temperature to the temperature dependence of the winding inductance is relatively high, and the contribution of the winding temperature is relatively low, so it changes due to cooling of the winding and iron loss of the stator core. It is difficult to properly estimate the temperature distribution of the winding.
- the temperature estimation device the temperature based on the ambient temperature of the winding and the winding resistance in accordance with the non-driving state of the motor and the motor peripheral devices such as when the vehicle is restarted.
- the temperature is only estimated using the estimated value. That is, according to this temperature estimation device, only temperature estimation is performed using the copper loss of the windings or the like according to simplified operating conditions in the starting state of the vehicle. For this reason, there arises a problem that the temperature cannot be accurately estimated in accordance with complicated operating conditions in the actual driving state of the vehicle.
- An aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a winding temperature estimation device for a rotating electrical machine and a winding temperature estimation method for the rotating electrical machine that can improve the estimation accuracy of the winding temperature of the rotating electrical machine.
- the purpose is to do.
- a winding temperature estimation device for a rotating electrical machine is provided with a stator having a slot and a winding made of a plurality of divided conductors inserted into the slot according to the shape of the slot, And a rotating electrical machine including a rotor, a refrigerant supply unit that supplies refrigerant to the winding and the stator, a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the refrigerant, a temperature of the refrigerant, and between the refrigerant and the winding
- a heat removal amount calculation unit for calculating a heat removal amount from the winding, a heat generation amount calculation unit for calculating a heat generation amount due to a loss of the winding, and And a winding temperature calculation unit that calculates the temperature of the winding using the amount of heat removed and the amount of heat generated due to the loss of the winding.
- the heat generation amount calculation unit includes a stator heat generation amount calculation unit that calculates a heat generation amount due to iron loss of the stator, and the heat removal amount calculation unit depends on iron loss of the stator.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit may calculate each thermal resistance in accordance with a flow rate of the refrigerant and a rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine.
- the heat generation amount calculation unit may calculate a heat generation amount due to copper loss and eddy current loss of the winding.
- a method for estimating a winding temperature of a rotating electrical machine includes a stator having a slot provided with a plurality of divided conductors inserted into the slot according to the shape of the slot, And a rotating electrical machine including a rotor, a refrigerant supply unit that supplies refrigerant to the winding and the stator, a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the refrigerant, a temperature of the refrigerant, and between the refrigerant and the winding
- a heat removal amount calculation unit for calculating a heat removal amount from the winding using a thermal resistance in at least a part of the heat generation amount, and a heat generation amount calculation unit for calculating a heat generation amount due to a loss of the winding
- a method for estimating a winding temperature of a rotating electrical machine executed by a control device, wherein the control device calculates a temperature of the winding using a heat removal amount from the winding and a heat generation amount due to loss of the winding.
- the winding temperature estimation device for a rotating electrical machine includes a winding temperature calculation unit that calculates the temperature of the winding using the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the winding and the stator. Therefore, the calculation accuracy of the winding temperature can be improved.
- the winding temperature estimation device for a rotating electrical machine includes a winding temperature calculation unit that uses a thermal model in which the refrigerant cools the winding and the stator outside the slot. Therefore, the temperature of the winding can be accurately calculated according to the cooling path of the refrigerant in the rotating electrical machine and the state of cooling of the winding and the stator by the refrigerant.
- a heat removal amount calculation unit that calculates the amount of heat removal from the winding (that is, the amount of heat radiation) using the temperature of the stator that has a strong thermal relationship with the winding in the slot may be provided. Good. Therefore, it is possible to accurately calculate the amount of heat released from the winding by the refrigerant.
- a heat removal amount calculation unit that calculates the thermal resistance in at least a part between the refrigerant and the windings according to the flow rate of the refrigerant and the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine may be provided. . Therefore, the thermal resistance can be accurately calculated in a thermal model in which the refrigerant cools the winding and the stator.
- a calorific value calculation unit for calculating the calorific value due to the copper loss and eddy current loss of the winding may be provided. Therefore, the temperature change according to the heat generation amount of the winding can be calculated with high accuracy.
- the winding temperature estimation method for a rotating electrical machine includes a step of calculating the temperature of the winding using the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the winding and the stator.
- the calculation accuracy of can be improved. Since the refrigerant includes a step of using a thermal model that cools the winding and the stator, such as outside the slot, the temperature of the winding depends on the cooling path of the refrigerant in the rotating electrical machine and the state of cooling of the winding and the stator by the refrigerant. Can be calculated with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram of the winding temperature estimation apparatus of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a part of drive motor in the winding temperature estimation apparatus of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the stator of the drive motor in the winding temperature estimation apparatus of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the division
- (A) is a part of several division
- (B) is a perspective view showing a part of a U-phase split conducting wire (segment coil). It is a figure which shows typically the thermal model of the stator in the winding temperature estimation apparatus of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 for a rotating electrical machine is mounted on a vehicle 1 such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
- the vehicle 1 includes a drive motor (M) 11 (rotary electric machine), a power generation motor (G) 12, a transmission (T / M) 13, a refrigerant circulation unit 14 (refrigerant supply unit), electric power A conversion unit 15, a battery 16, and a control device 17 are provided.
- M drive motor
- G power generation motor
- T / M transmission
- refrigerant circulation unit 14 refrigerant supply unit
- electric power A conversion unit 15 a battery 16, and a control device 17 are provided.
- Each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 is, for example, a three-phase AC brushless DC motor.
- Each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 includes a rotation shaft connected to the transmission 13. The rotating shaft of the power generation motor 12 is connected to a mechanical pump of the refrigerant circulation unit 14 described later.
- the driving motor 11 includes a stator 22 having a coil 21 and a rotor 24 having a magnet 23, as shown in FIG.
- the drive motor 11 is an inner rotor type and includes a rotor 24 inside a cylindrical stator 22.
- the coil 21 is an SC (segment conductor) winding.
- the coil 21 is mounted in a slot 22c formed between adjacent teeth 22b of the stator core 22a.
- the coil 21 is connected to a power converter 15 described later.
- the magnet 23 is a permanent magnet, for example.
- the magnet 23 is held inside the rotor yoke 24a so as not to directly contact the pair of end face plates 24b sandwiching the rotor yoke 24a from both axial sides of the rotating shaft 24c.
- the power generation motor 12 has the same configuration as the drive motor 11, for example.
- the outer shape of the stator core 22a is formed in a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG.
- the stator core 22a is provided with a plurality of teeth 22b on the radially inner periphery. Each of the plurality of teeth 22b protrudes toward the inner peripheral side at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction at the inner peripheral portion of the stator core 22a.
- a plurality of slots 22c penetrating the stator core 22a in the rotation axis direction are provided in the inner peripheral portion of the stator core 22a. Each slot 22c is formed between teeth 22b adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- Each slot 22c is formed such that a cross-sectional shape in the radial direction of the stator core 22a extends radially from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the stator core 22a.
- Each slot 22c is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 22a via a slit 22e provided at the inner peripheral end of the adjacent tooth 22b. Note that the slit 22e may be omitted.
- the coil 21 is a three-phase coil composed of a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase.
- the coil 21 includes a plurality of segment coils 21a.
- each segment coil 21 a includes a plurality of (for example, five, etc.) conducting wires (for example, flat wires) having a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the plurality of conductors are aligned in one row so that the surfaces in the width direction of the conductors are opposed to each other to form one bundle.
- the outer shape of each segment coil 21a is formed in a U shape so as to fill each slot 22c with no gap according to the shape of each slot 22c.
- Each segment coil 21a includes a pair of leg portions 25 and a head portion 26 connecting the pair of leg portions 25.
- the pair of leg portions 25 are inserted from the axial direction of the stator core 22a into two slots 22c spaced apart in the circumferential direction.
- Each of the pair of leg portions 25 includes a protruding portion 25a that protrudes from the inside of each slot 22c.
- Each protrusion 25a is twisted in the circumferential direction outside each slot 22c.
- the head portion 26 includes an S-shaped portion 26a that is curved in an S shape in the alignment direction of the plurality of conductive wires.
- a predetermined combination of protrusions 25a are joined by TIG welding or the like as shown in FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B).
- the plurality of legs 25 inserted into the plurality of slots 22c are sequentially arranged in the order of the U phase, U phase, V phase, V phase, W phase, W phase, U phase, U phase,. Yes.
- the transmission 13 is, for example, an AT (automatic transmission).
- the transmission 13 is connected to each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 and the drive wheels W.
- the transmission 13 controls power transmission between each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 and the drive wheels W in accordance with a control signal output from the control device 17 described later.
- the refrigerant circulation unit 14 includes a refrigerant flow path 14a through which the refrigerant circulates and a cooler 14b that cools the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant circulation section 14 uses, for example, hydraulic oil that performs lubrication and power transmission in a transmission 13 of an AT (automatic transmission) as a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flow path 14 a is connected to the flow path of hydraulic oil inside the transmission 13 and the inside of each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12.
- the refrigerant flow path 14 a sucks out the refrigerant (not shown) that discharges the refrigerant to each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 and the refrigerant flowing through each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12. And an inlet (not shown).
- the discharge port of the refrigerant flow path 14a is arranged above each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 in the vertical direction.
- the suction port of the refrigerant flow path 14a is disposed in a refrigerant storage portion (not shown) provided below each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12 in the vertical direction.
- the cooler 14 b includes a mechanical pump that is provided in the refrigerant flow path 14 a and connected to the rotation shaft of the power generation motor 12.
- the mechanical pump generates a suction force by driving the power generation motor 12, sucks the refrigerant from the suction port of the refrigerant channel 14a, and causes the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel 14a to flow toward the discharge port.
- the cooler 14b cools the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path 14a.
- the refrigerant circulation unit 14 moves from the discharge port of the refrigerant flow path 14 a to the coil end of the coil 21 (in the axially outward direction from the slot 22 c of the stator core 22 a) with the operation of the mechanical pump of the cooler 14 b.
- the refrigerant is discharged toward the part protruding to
- the refrigerant flows vertically downward on the coil end of the coil 21 and the surface of the stator core 22a by the action of gravity.
- the refrigerant flows downward in the vertical direction so as to be dropped from the coil end of the coil 21 or the stator core 22a onto the end face plate 24b through the gap between the stator 22 and the rotor 24 by the action of gravity.
- the refrigerant (dropped refrigerant) dropped on the surface of the end face plate 24 b flows toward the outside of the end face plate 24 b on the surface of the end face plate 24 b by the action of centrifugal force and gravity due to the rotation of the rotor 24.
- the dripping refrigerant flows from the outside of the end face plate 24b to the refrigerant reservoir by the action of gravity.
- the refrigerant circulation unit 14 sucks the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant storage unit from the suction port into the refrigerant channel 14a by the suction of the mechanical pump, and cools it by the cooler 14b.
- coolant circulation part 14 cools the coil 21 and the stator core 22a with a refrigerant
- the refrigerant circulating unit 14 directly cools the end face plate 24b with the dropped refrigerant, and indirectly cools the rotor yoke 24a and the magnet 23 with the dropped refrigerant indirectly via the end face plate 24b.
- the power converter 15 includes a booster 31 that boosts the output voltage of the battery 16, a second power drive unit (PDU 2) 33 that controls energization of the drive motor 11, and a first power that controls energization of the power generation motor 12.
- the booster 31 includes a DC-DC converter, for example.
- the booster 31 is connected between the battery 16 and the first and second power drive units 32 and 33.
- the booster 31 generates an application voltage to the first and second power drive units 32 and 33 by boosting the output voltage of the battery 16 in accordance with a control signal output from the control device 17 described later.
- the booster 31 outputs the applied voltage generated by boosting the output voltage of the battery 16 to the first and second power drive units 32 and 33.
- the first and second power drive units 32 and 33 include, for example, inverter devices.
- the first and second power drive units 32 and 33 include, as an inverter device, for example, a bridge circuit formed by bridge connection using a plurality of switching elements (for example, MOSFETs) and a smoothing capacitor.
- the first and second power drive units 32 and 33 convert the DC output power of the booster 31 into three-phase AC power in accordance with a control signal output from the control device 17 described later.
- the first power drive unit 32 energizes the three-phase coil 21 with a three-phase alternating current so that the energization of the power generation motor 12 is sequentially commutated.
- the second power drive unit 33 energizes the three-phase coil 21 with a three-phase alternating current so that the energization to the drive motor 11 is sequentially commutated.
- the control device 17 is composed of various storage media such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an electronic circuit such as a timer.
- the control device 17 outputs a control signal for controlling the transmission 13 and the power conversion unit 15.
- the control device 17 is connected to the voltage sensor 41, the first current sensor 42, the second current sensor 43, the first rotation speed sensor 44, the second rotation speed sensor 45, the torque sensor 46, and the refrigerant temperature sensor 47.
- the voltage sensor 41 detects an applied voltage applied from the booster 31 to each of the first and second power drive units 32 and 33.
- the first current sensor 42 detects an alternating current (phase current) that flows between the first power drive unit 32 and each coil 21 of the power generation motor 12.
- the second current sensor 43 detects an alternating current (phase current) flowing between the second power drive unit 33 and each coil 21 of the drive motor 11.
- the first rotation speed sensor 44 detects the rotation speed of the drive motor 11 by sequentially detecting the rotation angle of the rotation shaft of the drive motor 11.
- the second rotation speed sensor 45 detects the rotation speed of the power generation motor 12 by sequentially detecting the rotation angle of the rotation shaft of the power generation motor 12.
- the torque sensor 46 detects the torque of the drive motor 11.
- the refrigerant temperature sensor 47 detects the temperature of the refrigerant (refrigerant temperature after passing through the cooler) output from the cooler 14b in the refrigerant flow path 14a.
- the control device 17 includes a heat generation amount calculation unit 51 (stator heat generation amount calculation unit), a heat removal amount calculation unit 52 (stator temperature calculation unit), a winding temperature calculation unit 53, and a motor control unit. 54 and a storage unit 55.
- the heat generation amount calculation unit 51 calculates the heat generation amount due to the loss of each part in each of the drive motor 11 and the power generation motor 12.
- the heat generation amount calculation unit 51 generates heat generation amounts of copper loss and eddy current loss of the three-phase coil 21 and iron loss of the stator core 22a (hereinafter simply referred to as copper loss W1 coil and vortex). Current loss W2 coil and iron loss W sta .).
- the calorific value calculation unit 51 includes the three-phase phase current I of the driving motor 11 detected by the second current sensor 43 and the three-phases stored in the storage unit 55 in advance as shown in the following formula (1).
- the copper loss W1 coil of the three-phase coil 21 is calculated according to the resistance value R of the coil 21, the temperature (previous value) T coil (pre) of the coil 21, the predetermined coefficient a, and the predetermined temperature T 0 .
- the calorific value calculation unit 51 includes the applied voltage detected by the voltage sensor 41, the rotational speed of the driving motor 11 detected by the first rotational speed sensor 44, and the torque of the driving motor 11 detected by the torque sensor 46. Accordingly, the eddy current loss W2 coil of the coil 21 is calculated. As shown in FIG. 7, the calorific value calculation unit 51 stores, in advance, data such as a map indicating a correlation between the rotation speed, torque, and eddy current loss W2 coil of the coil 21 in the storage unit 55 according to the applied voltage. I remember it. The calorific value calculation unit 51 refers to the data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the applied voltage, the rotation speed, and the torque detected by the sensors 41, 44, 46, and the eddy current of the coil 21.
- the loss W2 coil is calculated.
- the calorific value calculation unit 51 uses, for example, a map showing the correlation between the torque and the eddy current loss W2 coil of the coil 21 for a combination of a plurality of different applied voltages and rotational speeds (N1 ⁇ N2 ⁇ N3 ⁇ N4).
- the eddy current loss W2 coil of the coil 21 is calculated while performing linear interpolation on the applied voltage and the rotational speed.
- the calorific value calculation unit 51 includes the applied voltage detected by the voltage sensor 41, the rotational speed of the driving motor 11 detected by the first rotational speed sensor 44, and the torque of the driving motor 11 detected by the torque sensor 46. Accordingly, the iron loss W sta of the stator core 22a is calculated. As shown in FIG. 8, the calorific value calculation unit 51 stores, in the storage unit 55, data such as a map indicating the mutual relationship between the rotation speed, the torque, and the iron loss W sta of the stator core 22a, as shown in FIG. is doing. The calorific value calculation unit 51 refers to the data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the applied voltage, rotation speed, and torque detected by the sensors 41, 44, 46, and the iron loss of the stator core 22a. W sta is calculated.
- the calorific value calculation unit 51 uses, for example, a map showing the correlation between the torque and the iron loss W sta of the stator core 22a for a combination of a plurality of different applied voltages and rotation speeds (N1 ⁇ N2 ⁇ N3 ⁇ N4).
- the iron loss W sta of the stator core 22a is calculated while performing linear interpolation on the applied voltage and the rotational speed.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 receives the coil 21 according to the refrigerant temperature after passing through the cooler detected by the refrigerant temperature sensor 47 and the rotation speed of the power generation motor 12 detected by the second rotation speed sensor 45. Calculate the amount of heat Q coil .
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 detects the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation unit 14 according to the rotation speed of the power generation motor 12 detected by the second rotation speed sensor 45. As shown in FIG. 9, the winding temperature calculation unit 53 stores data such as a map indicating the correlation between the rotational speed of the power generation motor 12 and the flow rate of the refrigerant in the storage unit 55 in advance. The winding temperature calculation unit 53 calculates the flow rate of the refrigerant with reference to data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the rotation speed detected by the second rotation speed sensor 45.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 detects the refrigerant temperature T atf after passing through the cooler detected by the refrigerant temperature sensor 47, the temperature of the stator core 22a (previous value) T sta (pre), and the temperature of the coil 21 (previous value) T.
- the amount of heat received Q sta-atf from the stator core 22a and the amount of heat received Q coil-sta from the coil 21 of the stator core 22a are calculated according to the coil (pre) and the flow rate of the refrigerant.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 stores data such as a map indicating a correlation between the thermal resistance R sta-atf between the refrigerant and the stator core 22 a and the flow rate of the refrigerant in the storage unit 55 in advance. is doing.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 stores data such as a map indicating a correlation between the thermal resistance R coil-sta between the stator core 22 a and the coil 21 and the flow rate of the refrigerant in the storage unit 55 in advance.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 refers to the data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the calculated flow rate of the refrigerant, performs linear interpolation on the flow rate, and the thermal resistance between the refrigerant and the stator core 22a. R sta-atf and thermal resistance R coil-sta between the stator core 22a and the coil 21 are calculated.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 calculates the calculated thermal resistance R sta-atf , the refrigerant temperature T atf after passing through the cooler, and the temperature (previous value) T sta (pre) of the stator core 22 a. Is used to calculate the amount of heat received Q sta-atf . As shown in the following formula (3), the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 calculates the calculated thermal resistance R coil-sta , the temperature of the stator core 22a (previous value) T sta (pre) , and the temperature of the coil 21 (previous value) T. The amount of heat received Q coil-sta (pre) is calculated using coil (pre) .
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 determines the stator core in accordance with the calculated heat reception amount Q sta-atf and heat reception amount Q coil-sta (pre) and the iron loss W sta of the stator core 22a. The amount of heat received Qsta 22a is calculated.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 uses the calculated heat reception amount Q sta of the stator core 22 a and the heat capacity C sta of the stator core 22 a stored in the storage unit 55 in advance, so that the stator core 22 a The temperature change ⁇ T sta of is calculated.
- Dissipation heat amount calculation unit 52 as shown in the following equation (6), with the temperature of the temperature change [Delta] T sta and the stator core 22a of the stator core 22a (previous value) T sta (pre), calculating the temperature T sta of the stator core 22a To do.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 includes the refrigerant temperature T atf after passing through the cooler detected by the refrigerant temperature sensor 47, the calculated temperature T sta of the stator core 22a, and the temperature (previous value) T coil (pre) of the coil 21.
- the amount of heat received Q coil of the coil 21 is calculated according to the flow rate of the refrigerant.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 stores data such as a map indicating the correlation between the thermal resistance R coil-atf between the refrigerant and the coil 21 and the flow rate of the refrigerant in the storage unit 55 in advance.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 refers to data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the calculated flow rate of the refrigerant, performs linear interpolation on the flow rate, and the thermal resistance between the refrigerant and the coil 21.
- R coil-atf and the thermal resistance R coil-sta between the stator core 22a and the coil 21 are calculated.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 calculates the calculated thermal resistance R coil-atf , the refrigerant temperature T atf after passing the cooler, and the temperature (previous value) T coil (pre) of the coil 21. Is used to calculate the amount of heat received from the coil 21 of the refrigerant, Q coil -atf .
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 calculates the calculated thermal resistance R coil-sta , the calculated temperature T sta of the stator core 22a, and the temperature (previous value) T coil (pre) of the coil 21 as shown in the following formula (8). Using this, the amount of heat received Q coil-sta is calculated.
- the heat removal amount calculation unit 52 uses the calculated heat reception amount Q coil-atf and heat reception amount Q coil-sta as the heat removal amount (heat radiation amount) of the coil 21, and the copper loss W1 of the coil 21.
- the amount of heat received Q coil of the coil 21 is calculated according to the coil and the eddy current loss W2 coil .
- the winding temperature calculation unit 53 uses the calculated heat reception amount Q coil of the coil 21 and the heat capacity C coil of the coil 21 stored in the storage unit 55 in advance to A temperature change ⁇ T coil of 21 is calculated.
- Winding temperature calculation part 53 as shown in the following equation (11), with the temperature of the temperature change [Delta] T coil and coil 21 of the coil 21 (previous value) T coil (pre), the temperature T coil of the coil 21 calculate.
- the motor control unit 54 outputs a control signal for controlling the transmission 13 and the power conversion unit 15 based on the temperature T coil of the coil 21 calculated by the winding temperature calculation unit 53, thereby driving the motor 11 for driving. And the motor 12 for electric power generation is controlled.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 for a rotating electrical machine has the above-described configuration. Next, the operation of the winding temperature estimation device 10 for the rotating electrical machine, that is, a method for estimating the winding temperature of the rotating electrical machine will be described. . Hereinafter, a process in which the controller 17 calculates the temperature T coil of the coil 21 of the drive motor 11 and controls the drive motor 11 will be described.
- the control device 17 acquires the torque of the drive motor 11 detected by the torque sensor 46 and the rotation speed of the drive motor 11 detected by the first rotation speed sensor 44. (Step S01). Next, the control device 17 calculates the heat generation amount due to the loss of the coil 21 and the stator core 22a (step S02). Next, the control device 17 calculates the heat removal amount (heat release amount) from the coil 21 by the refrigerant (step S03). Next, the control device 17 calculates the temperature T coil of the coil 21 (step S04). Next, the control device 17 determines whether or not the calculated temperature T coil of the coil 21 is lower than a predetermined output limit temperature (step S05).
- control device 17 ends the process without limiting the output of the drive motor 11 (YES in Step S05). On the other hand, if the determination result is “NO”, the control device 17 advances the process to step S06 (NO in step S05).
- control apparatus 17 calculates the allowable torque upper limit of the drive motor 11 (step S06).
- control device 17 outputs a control signal for instructing the torque of the drive motor 11 to be equal to or lower than the allowable torque upper limit to the power conversion unit 15 (step S07). Then, the control device 17 ends the process.
- the control device 17 acquires the torque of the drive motor 11 detected by the torque sensor 46 and the rotation speed of the drive motor 11 detected by the first rotation speed sensor 44. (Step S21). Next, the control device 17 acquires the three-phase current (that is, the alternating current of the three-phase coil 21) I of the drive motor 11 detected by the second current sensor 43 (step S22). Next, the control device 17 obtains the temperature (previous value) T coil (pre) of the coil 21 (step S23).
- control device 17 In accordance with the acquired phase current I of the three-phase coil 21 and the resistance value R of the three-phase coil 21 stored in the storage unit 55 in advance, the control device 17 The copper loss W1 coil is calculated (step S24). Next, the control device 17 detects the applied voltage detected by the voltage sensor 41, the rotational speed of the driving motor 11 detected by the first rotational speed sensor 44, and the driving motor 11 detected by the torque sensor 46. The eddy current loss W2 coil of the coil 21 is calculated according to the torque. (Step S25). Next, using the acquired torque, rotation speed, and applied voltage, control device 17 refers to data stored in storage unit 55 in advance and calculates iron loss W sta of stator core 22a (step S26). ). Then, the control device 17 ends the process.
- the control device 17 acquires the refrigerant temperature T atf after passing through the cooler detected by the refrigerant temperature sensor 47 (step S31).
- the control device 17 calculates the refrigerant flow rate F atf by referring to the data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the rotation speed detected by the second rotation speed sensor 45 or the flow rate.
- the flow rate F atf of the refrigerant is acquired from a sensor or the like (step S32).
- control device 17 refers to the data stored in the storage unit 55 in advance using the flow rate F atf of the refrigerant, and determines the respective thermal resistances R sta-atf , R coil-sta , R coil-atf . calculate. Then, as shown in the above formulas (2) to (8), the controller 17 receives the heat reception amount Q coil-atf and the heat reception amount Q coil-sta as the heat removal amount of the coil 21 by the refrigerant (that is, the heat release amount of the coil 21). Is calculated.
- control device 17 calculates the heat receiving amount Q coil of the coil 21 according to the heat extraction amount (heat radiation amount) of the coil 21 and the copper loss W1 coil and eddy current loss W2 coil of the coil 21 (step S33). . Then, the control device 17 ends the process.
- step S04 the coil temperature calculation process of step S04 mentioned above is demonstrated.
- the control device 17 uses the calculated heat reception amount Q coil of the coil 21 and the heat capacity C coil of the coil 21 stored in the storage unit 55 in advance to determine the temperature of the coil 21.
- a change ⁇ T coil is calculated.
- the control device 17 calculates the temperature T coil of the coil 21 by using the temperature change ⁇ T coil of the coil 21 and the temperature (previous value) T coil (pre) of the coil 21 as shown in the above formula (11). Then, the control device 17 ends the process.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 and the winding temperature estimation method for a rotating electrical machine include the control device 17 that calculates the temperature T coil of the coil 21 using the refrigerant temperature T atf . Therefore, the calculation accuracy of the temperature T coil of the coil 21 can be improved.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 and the winding temperature estimation method for the rotating electrical machine include a control device 17 that uses a thermal model in which the refrigerant cools at least a part of the coil 21 and the stator core 22a outside the slot 22c. Prepare. Therefore, the temperature T coil of the coil 21 can be accurately calculated according to the cooling path of the refrigerant in the drive motor 11 and the cooling state of the coil 21 and the stator core 22a by the refrigerant.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 and the winding temperature estimation method for the rotating electrical machine according to the present embodiment use the temperature T sta of the stator core 22a that has a strong thermal relationship with the coil 21 in the slot 22c to remove heat from the coil 21.
- a control device 17 for calculating that is, the amount of heat release is provided. Therefore, the amount of heat released from the coil 21 by the refrigerant can be calculated with high accuracy.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 and the winding temperature estimation method for a rotating electrical machine according to the present embodiment include a control device 17 that calculates the amount of heat generated by the copper loss and eddy current loss of the coil 21. Therefore, the temperature change according to the heat generation amount of the coil 21 can be calculated with high accuracy.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 and the winding temperature estimation method for a rotating electrical machine control each of the thermal resistances R sta-atf , R coil-sta , and R coil-atf according to the flow rate of the refrigerant.
- a device 17 is provided. Therefore, each thermal resistance can be accurately calculated according to the state of the refrigerant in at least a part of the coil 21 and the stator core 22a outside the slot 22c.
- the control device 17 obtains the flow rate of the refrigerant from the rotational speed of the power generation motor 12 because the mechanical pump of the refrigerant circulation unit 14 is connected to the rotation shaft of the power generation motor 12.
- the refrigerant circulation unit 14 includes a flow rate sensor that detects the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 14a
- the flow rate of the refrigerant detected by the flow rate sensor may be acquired.
- the refrigerant circulation unit 14 may include an electric pump instead of the mechanical pump.
- the winding temperature estimation device 10 for a rotating electrical machine includes the torque sensor 46.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the torque sensor 46 may be omitted.
- the control device 17 determines the torque instruction value according to the alternating current flowing through each coil 21 of the drive motor 11 detected by the second current sensor 43 and the rotation angle of the drive motor 11 detected by the first rotation speed sensor 44. May be obtained.
- SYMBOLS 10 Winding temperature estimation apparatus of a rotary electric machine, 11 ... Drive motor (rotary electric machine), 12 ... Electric power generation motor, 13 ... Transmission, 14 ... Refrigerant circulation part (refrigerant supply part), 14b ... Cooler (cooling part) , 15 ... Power conversion unit, 16 ... Battery, 17 ... Control device, 21 ... Coil, 21a ... Segment coil, 22 ... Stator, 22a ... Stator core, 22b ... Teeth, 22c ... Slot, 23 ... Magnet, 24 ... Rotor, 24a ... Rotor yoke, 24b ... End face plate, 51 ... Heat generation amount calculation unit, 52 ... Heat removal amount calculation unit, 53 ... Winding temperature calculation unit, 54 ... Motor control unit, 55 ... Storage unit
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年6月27日に出願された日本国特願2014-133195号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、従来、車両のイグニッションスイッチのオンなどによる運転再開時にモータの巻線温度が高温になる場合などにおいて、巻線の周囲温度と巻線抵抗に基づく温度推定値との温度差を、温度上昇推定値の初期値とする温度推定装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る回転電機の巻線温度推定装置は、スロットが設けられ、前記スロットの形状に応じて前記スロットに挿入される複数の分割導線からなる巻線を有するステータ、およびロータを備える回転電機と、前記巻線および前記ステータに冷媒を供給する冷媒供給部と、前記冷媒の温度を検出する温度センサと、前記冷媒の温度と、前記冷媒と前記巻線との間の少なくとも一部における熱抵抗と、を用いて、前記巻線からの抜熱量を算出する抜熱量算出部と、前記巻線の損失による発熱量を算出する発熱量算出部と、前記巻線からの抜熱量と前記巻線の損失による発熱量とを用いて前記巻線の温度を算出する巻線温度算出部と、を備える。
昇圧器31は、後述する制御装置17から出力される制御信号に応じて、バッテリ16の出力電圧を昇圧することによって、第1および第2パワードライブユニット32,33への印加電圧を生成する。昇圧器31は、バッテリ16の出力電圧の昇圧によって生成した印加電圧を、第1および第2パワードライブユニット32,33に出力する。
発熱量算出部51は、印加電圧に応じて、図7に示すように、回転数、トルク、およびコイル21の渦電流損W2coilの相互関係を示すマップなどのデータを、予め記憶部55に記憶している。発熱量算出部51は、各センサ41,44,46により検出される印加電圧、回転数、およびトルクを用いて、予め記憶部55に記憶しているデータを参照して、コイル21の渦電流損W2coilを算出する。発熱量算出部51は、例えば、複数の異なる印加電圧および回転数(N1<N2<N3<N4)の組み合わせに対してトルクおよびコイル21の渦電流損W2coilの相互関係を示すマップを用いて、印加電圧および回転数に対する線形補間などを行ないつつ、コイル21の渦電流損W2coilを算出する。
発熱量算出部51は、印加電圧に応じて、図8に示すように、回転数、トルク、およびステータコア22aの鉄損Wstaの相互関係を示すマップなどのデータを、予め記憶部55に記憶している。発熱量算出部51は、各センサ41,44,46により検出される印加電圧、回転数、およびトルクを用いて、予め記憶部55に記憶しているデータを参照して、ステータコア22aの鉄損Wstaを算出する。発熱量算出部51は、例えば、複数の異なる印加電圧および回転数(N1<N2<N3<N4)の組み合わせに対してトルクおよびステータコア22aの鉄損Wstaの相互関係を示すマップを用いて、印加電圧および回転数に対する線形補間などを行ないつつ、ステータコア22aの鉄損Wstaを算出する。
以下に、制御装置17が、駆動用モータ11のコイル21の温度Tcoilを算出して、駆動用モータ11を制御する処理について説明する。
次に、制御装置17は、コイル21およびステータコア22aの損失による発熱量を算出する(ステップS02)。
次に、制御装置17は、冷媒によるコイル21からの抜熱量(放熱量)を算出する(ステップS03)。
次に、制御装置17は、コイル21の温度Tcoilを算出する(ステップS04)。
次に、制御装置17は、算出したコイル21の温度Tcoilが所定の出力制限温度未満か否かを判定する(ステップS05)。
この判定結果が「YES」の場合、制御装置17は、駆動用モータ11の出力制限を行なわずに、処理を終了させる(ステップS05のYES)。
一方、この判定結果が「NO」の場合、制御装置17は、処理をステップS06に進める(ステップS05のNO)。
次に、制御装置17は、駆動用モータ11のトルクを許容トルク上限以下にすることを指示する制御信号を電力変換部15に出力する(ステップS07)。そして、制御装置17は、処理を終了させる。
先ず、制御装置17は、図12に示すように、トルクセンサ46により検出される駆動用モータ11のトルクと、第1回転数センサ44により検出される駆動用モータ11の回転数とを取得する(ステップS21)。
次に、制御装置17は、第2電流センサ43により検出される駆動用モータ11の3相の相電流(つまり、3相のコイル21の交流電流)Iを取得する(ステップS22)。
次に、制御装置17は、コイル21の温度(前回値)Tcoil(pre)を取得する(ステップS23)。
次に、制御装置17は、取得した3相のコイル21の相電流Iと、予め記憶部55に記憶している3相のコイル21の抵抗値Rとに応じて、3相のコイル21の銅損W1coilを算出する(ステップS24)。
次に、制御装置17は、電圧センサ41により検出される印加電圧と、第1回転数センサ44により検出される駆動用モータ11の回転数と、トルクセンサ46により検出される駆動用モータ11のトルクとに応じて、コイル21の渦電流損W2coilを算出する。(ステップS25)。
次に、制御装置17は、取得したトルク、回転数、および印加電圧を用いて、予め記憶部55に記憶しているデータを参照して、ステータコア22aの鉄損Wstaを算出する(ステップS26)。そして、制御装置17は、処理を終了させる。
先ず、制御装置17は、図13に示すように、冷媒温度センサ47により検出される冷却器通過後の冷媒温度Tatfを取得する(ステップS31)。
次に、制御装置17は、第2回転数センサ45により検出される回転数を用いて、予め記憶部55に記憶しているデータを参照して、冷媒の流量Fatfを算出する、または流量センサなどから冷媒の流量Fatfを取得する(ステップS32)。
次に、制御装置17は、冷媒の流量Fatfを用いて、予め記憶部55に記憶しているデータを参照して、各熱抵抗Rsta-atf、Rcoil-sta、Rcoil-atfを算出する。
そして、制御装置17は、上記数式(2)~(8)に示すように、冷媒によるコイル21の抜熱量(つまりコイル21の放熱量)として受熱量Qcoil-atfおよび受熱量Qcoil-staを算出する。
そして、制御装置17は、コイル21の抜熱量(放熱量)と、コイル21の銅損W1coilおよび渦電流損W2coilとに応じて、コイル21の受熱量Qcoilを算出する(ステップS33)。そして、制御装置17は、処理を終了させる。
制御装置17は、上記数式(10)に示すように、算出したコイル21の受熱量Qcoilと、予め記憶部55に記憶しているコイル21の熱容量Ccoilとを用いて、コイル21の温度変化ΔTcoilを算出する。
Claims (6)
- スロットが設けられ、前記スロットの形状に応じて前記スロットに挿入される複数の分割導線からなる巻線を有するステータ、およびロータを備える回転電機と、
前記巻線および前記ステータに冷媒を供給する冷媒供給部と、
前記冷媒の温度を検出する温度センサと、
前記冷媒の温度と、前記冷媒と前記巻線との間の少なくとも一部における熱抵抗と、を用いて、前記巻線からの抜熱量を算出する抜熱量算出部と、
前記巻線の損失による発熱量を算出する発熱量算出部と、
前記巻線からの抜熱量と前記巻線の損失による発熱量とを用いて前記巻線の温度を算出する巻線温度算出部と、
を備える、
ことを特徴とする回転電機の巻線温度推定装置。 - 前記発熱量算出部は、
前記ステータの鉄損による発熱量を算出するステータ発熱量算出部を備え、
前記抜熱量算出部は、
前記ステータの鉄損による発熱量と、前記冷媒の温度と、前記冷媒と前記ステータとの間の熱抵抗と、を用いて、前記ステータの温度を算出するステータ温度算出部を備え、
前記ステータの温度と、前記ステータと前記巻線との間の熱抵抗と、前記冷媒の温度と、前記冷媒と前記巻線との間の熱抵抗と、を用いて、前記巻線からの抜熱量を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の回転電機の巻線温度推定装置。 - 前記抜熱量算出部は、
前記各熱抵抗を前記冷媒の流量および前記回転電機の回転数に応じて算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の回転電機の巻線温度推定装置。 - 前記抜熱量算出部は、
前記各熱抵抗を前記冷媒の流量および前記回転電機の回転数に応じて算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の回転電機の巻線温度推定装置。 - 前記発熱量算出部は、
前記巻線の銅損および渦電流損による発熱量を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3の何れか1つに記載の回転電機の巻線温度推定装置。 - スロットが設けられ、前記スロットの形状に応じて前記スロットに挿入される複数の分割導線からなる巻線を有するステータ、およびロータを備える回転電機と、
前記巻線および前記ステータに冷媒を供給する冷媒供給部と、
前記冷媒の温度を検出する温度センサと、
前記冷媒の温度と、前記冷媒と前記巻線との間の少なくとも一部における熱抵抗と、を用いて、前記巻線からの抜熱量を算出する抜熱量算出部と、
前記巻線の損失による発熱量を算出する発熱量算出部と、
に対して、制御装置が実行する回転電機の巻線温度推定方法であって、
前記制御装置が、前記巻線からの抜熱量と前記巻線の損失による発熱量とを用いて前記巻線の温度を算出するステップを含む、
ことを特徴とする回転電機の巻線温度推定方法。
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- 2015-06-25 JP JP2016529652A patent/JP6159483B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2021145393A (ja) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 回転電機の温度推定装置及び回転電機の温度推定方法 |
US11898917B2 (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2024-02-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for monitoring a coil temperature |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN106464194B (zh) | 2019-06-18 |
US9960728B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
CN106464194A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
JP6159483B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
US20170133972A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
JPWO2015199176A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
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