WO2015192443A1 - 一种回收废硬质合金的方法 - Google Patents
一种回收废硬质合金的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015192443A1 WO2015192443A1 PCT/CN2014/083316 CN2014083316W WO2015192443A1 WO 2015192443 A1 WO2015192443 A1 WO 2015192443A1 CN 2014083316 W CN2014083316 W CN 2014083316W WO 2015192443 A1 WO2015192443 A1 WO 2015192443A1
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- electrolysis
- molten salt
- tungsten
- cemented carbide
- anode
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and in particular relates to a method for recovering metal from waste cemented carbide. Background technique
- Cemented carbide is a powder metallurgy product in which a tungsten carbide powder is used as a main component and cobalt or nickel is used as a binder in a vacuum furnace or a hydrogen reduction furnace.
- the technologies for recycling used cemented carbide mainly include: acid leaching method [1] , zinc melting method [2] , mechanical crushing method [3] and selective electrochemical dissolution method [4] .
- the acid leaching recovery process is relatively simple, but the NO and S0 2 gases emitted during the reaction process cause serious harm to the environment, and the equipment needs anti-corrosion treatment, and the operation must pay special attention to safety.
- the zinc dissolution method is widely used, it has problems such as zinc residue, high energy consumption, and complicated equipment.
- the mechanical crushing method is difficult to break due to the hard alloy scrap, so strong crushing and abrasive equipment is needed, and the oxidation of the material during the crushing ball milling process easily causes the composition of the mixture to change, making it difficult to recycle and produce a high quality alloy. .
- the selective electrochemical dissolution method is to use the waste cemented carbide as an anode and put it into the electrolytic cell with acid as the electrolyte to conduct electrolysis.
- the cobalt in the alloy turns into cobalt ions into the solution, and the tungsten carbide which loses the bound metal cobalt becomes loose.
- the alloy, the cobalt-containing solution is precipitated by ammonium oxalate, and the cobalt powder is obtained by calcination reduction, and the tungsten carbide can be used for the production of the cemented carbide after being properly treated by ball milling.
- Molten salt electrolysis is the method of electrochemically reducing the pure metal tungsten or obtaining an alloy product on the working electrode in an electrolyte of a molten salt.
- molten salt electrolysis has unique advantages such as less equipment resource occupation, simple process operation and small side effects on the environment in the preparation of metals and their alloys.
- LIU Yanhong [5] used Na 2 W0 4 -ZnO-W0 3 system to prepare tungsten coating by using tungsten plate as anode molten salt.
- the obtained product has a particle size of about 3 ⁇ , and zinc is easier to deposit while tungsten is deposited.
- the technology for recycling used cemented carbide has many shortcomings such as long production process, high energy consumption, unfriendly environment, and defects in products. Therefore, it is necessary to find a process that is short-flow, efficient, and high-quality recycling of waste cemented carbide.
- the method of directly recovering nano tungsten powder by using molten salt electrolysis as the anode and using molten salt electrolysis has not been reported yet. The method greatly shortens the existing waste carbide recovery process, does not generate waste gas, is environmentally friendly, and has low energy consumption, and the size of the recovered tungsten powder particles can reach the nanometer level.
- Tungsten-titanium-cobalt-based cemented carbides such as YT15.
- Tungsten-titanium-tantalum ( ⁇ ) type hard alloy such as YT15.
- the method specifically includes the following steps:
- molten salt dielectric vacuum dehydration wherein the molten salt dielectric composition is (X) A-( y ) B- ( z ) NaCl, wherein x is the molar percentage content of A, y is the molar percentage content of B, and z is The molar percentage of NaCl; X ranges from 5 to 70 mol%, y ranges from 0 to 60 mol%, and z ranges from 0 to 50 mol%; and A is CaCl 2 , KC1, LiCl
- B is one or more of WC1 6 , WC1 4 , WC1 2 , Na 2 W0 4 , K 2 W0 4 , CaW0 4 ; 2) using waste cemented carbide as anode and inert electrode as cathode, electrolysis in molten molten salt dielectric, electrolysis temperature is 350-1000 °C;
- a titanium plate, a stainless steel plate, a carbon plate, or graphite carbon is used as a cathode.
- step 2) electrolysis is performed by means of controlling current, and the current density is controlled at 0.02-1. OA/cm 2 ; or electrolysis is performed by means of a control voltage, and the cell voltage is controlled at 1.0 to 10V.
- the temperature of the electrolysis is from 500 to 780 °C.
- the kind of the product can be controlled accordingly.
- gas protection is used for electrolysis, and for the W, W-Co product powder, the shielding gas is one or more mixed gases of oxygen, air, nitrogen, and argon, and the mixed gas
- the volume of oxygen in the medium is 10-20%, and the electrolysis is carried out by means of a control voltage, and the cell voltage is controlled at 2.8 to 3.2V.
- the WC product powder is protected by a non-oxidizing gas during the electrolysis, and the non-oxidizing gas is nitrogen or argon, and electrolysis is performed by controlling the current, and the electrolysis is performed by controlling the magnitude of the current.
- the cell voltage is constant at 1.0 ⁇ 3.0V during the process.
- a mixed gas containing oxygen is used for the W, W-Co product powder, the volume ratio of oxygen in the mixed gas is 10 to 20%, and the other gases in the mixed gas are nitrogen or argon, and the use is controlled.
- the current is electrolyzed, and the cell voltage during electrolysis is constant at 1.0 to 3.0 V by controlling the magnitude of the current.
- the separation of the molten salt medium and the product powder is carried out by using, pickling, water washing, filtering and vacuum drying.
- the vacuum condition can be set to a degree of vacuum of 0.1 to 2.0 MPa.
- the drying temperature is 20-50 °C.
- the tungsten and cobalt ions can be directly dissolved into the molten salt medium from the anode material-waste carbide, and deposited on the cathode plate by the electrolysis voltage to obtain the metal powder particles.
- the continuous electrolytic treatment of waste cemented carbide materials can be directly prepared to obtain simple or composite nano-powder materials such as tungsten and cobalt by controlling the electrolysis conditions. Electrolytic products such as tungsten and cobalt can be obtained. It is used as raw materials for cemented carbide materials, high-temperature structural materials, weapon materials, and photocatalytic materials, and is applied to fields such as production and processing, aerospace, military industry, and environmental energy. This method has short process flow, no solid/liquid/gas waste discharge, and is environmentally friendly.
- the method for preparing nano tungsten powder by using the molten salt electrolysis method for recovering waste cemented carbide is proposed by the invention.
- the tungsten metal powder obtained by electrolysis can be a nanometer and micron powder, and the powder particle size range thereof is
- This method can also be used to recover other refractory metal alloys (super-specific alloys, etc.), and directly prepare elemental metal materials, high-temperature structural materials, cemented carbide materials, and high specific gravity alloy materials.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electrolytic cell of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the XRD curve of the product powder obtained by electrolyzing the YG6 type waste cemented carbide anode material of Example 1.
- Fig. 3 is a FESEM photograph of the surface morphology of the product powder obtained by electrolyzing the YG6 type waste cemented carbide anode material of Example 1.
- Fig. 4 is a XRD graph showing the product powder obtained by electrolyzing WC waste cemented carbide anode material of Example 2.
- Fig. 5 is a FESEM photograph of the surface morphology of the product powder obtained by electrolyzing WC waste cemented carbide anode material of Example 2.
- Fig. 6 is a XRD chart of the product powder obtained by the electrolytic zinc alloy anode material of the electrolytic YG16 type of Example 3.
- Fig. 7 is a FESEM photograph of the surface morphology of the product powder obtained by electrolysis of the YG16 type waste cemented carbide anode material of Example 3.
- the present invention can be electrolyzed using apparatus conventional in the art.
- Figure 1 is used.
- the electrolytic cell 3 is placed in a closed vessel 1 which provides gas protection and electrical heating.
- the sealed container 1 is provided with a pressure detecting device, a temperature detecting device, an intake port 6, and an exhaust port 2.
- the anode 4 and the cathode 5 extend into the electrolytic cell.
- the electrolytic cell is protected by 10% oxygen + argon (volume ratio) gas.
- the molten salt system consists of NaCl-52mol% CaCl 2 , the electrolysis temperature is 750 °C, the titanium metal plate is used as the cathode, the YG6 type waste cemented carbide is the anode material, the pole pitch is 3cm, the control voltage is electrolyzed, and the tank voltage is controlled.
- the cell current is stable at 1.3 A during electrolysis, and the cell current increases with the consumption of anode material.
- the metal powder obtained by electrolysis and the molten salt medium are separated and collected by the method of pickling, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to melt the salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 50 °C.
- the purity of the tungsten metal powder obtained by electrolysis reaches 98.2 wt%, and the morphology of the metal tungsten powder is agglomerated spherical particles, and the particle size of the agglomerated particles is distributed in the range of 40 to 400 nm.
- XRD and FESEM photographs of the obtained tungsten metal powder by electrolysis are shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- 1 is the XRD curve of the obtained product powder
- FIG. 2 is a FESEM photograph of the product powder having a magnification of 30,000 times.
- a method for directly recovering WC powder powder by using molten salt electrolysis to treat waste WC cemented carbide The electrolytic cell is protected by argon gas.
- the molten salt system consists of NaCl-50mol% KCl, electrolysis temperature is 750 °C, graphite carbon is used as cathode, WC is anode material, pole pitch is 3cm, control current electrolysis, electrolysis current density is controlled at 0.3 A/cm 2 , electrolysis The cell voltage is stable at 2.2 V during the process.
- the metal powder obtained by electrolysis and the molten salt medium are subjected to acid washing, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to separate and collect the molten salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 50 °C.
- the WC powder particles were obtained by electrolysis to a purity of 99.1 wt%.
- the XRD pattern and FESEM photograph of the product are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
- a method for directly preparing tungsten-cobalt alloy powder by using molten salt electrolysis waste cemented carbide The electrolytic cell is protected by a mixed gas of 20% oxygen + argon gas.
- the composition of the molten salt system is NaCl-50mol% Na 2 W0 4 -26mol% CaCl 2 , the electrolysis temperature is 750 °C, the titanium metal plate is used as the cathode, YG16 type
- the waste cemented carbide is an anode material with a pole pitch of 3 cm, controlled current electrolysis, the electrolysis current density is controlled at 0.5 A/cm 2 , and the cell voltage is stable at 2.9 V during electrolysis.
- the W-Co composite powder particles were obtained by electrolysis.
- the metal powder obtained by electrolysis and the molten salt medium are subjected to acid washing, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to separate and collect the molten salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 40 °C.
- the XRD pattern and FESEM photograph of the product are shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
- a method for directly preparing tungsten powder by using molten salt electrolysis waste cemented carbide The electrolytic cell is protected by a mixture of 20% oxygen + argon gas.
- Molten salt system consisting of LiCl-5mol% NaCl- 10mol% Na 2 WO 4 -36mol% CaCl 2, electrolysis temperature of 500 ° C, the stainless steel plate as a cathode, an anode YG3 type carbide scrap material, pole pitch of 3cm
- Control current electrolysis the electrolysis current density is controlled at 0.05 A/cm 2 , and the cell voltage is stable at 1.2 V during electrolysis.
- the metal powder obtained by electrolysis and the molten salt medium are separated and collected by the method of pickling, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to melt the salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa and the drying temperature is 40 °C.
- the tungsten metal nanoparticles were obtained by electrolysis with a purity of 99.3 wt%.
- the electrolyzer is protected by nitrogen gas.
- the composition of the molten salt system is NaCl-4 mol% WCl 2 -40 mol% KCl, the electrolysis temperature is 780 °C, the carbon plate is used as the cathode, the WC is the anode material, the pole pitch is 3 cm, and the electrolysis current density is controlled at 0.3 A/cm 2 .
- the cell voltage was stable at 2.2 V during electrolysis.
- the metal powder obtained by electrolysis and the molten salt medium are subjected to acid washing, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to separate and collect the molten salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 50 °C.
- the WC powder particles were obtained by electrolysis to a purity of 98.1% by weight.
- the electrolytic cell is protected by a mixed gas of 10% oxygen + argon gas.
- the composition of the molten salt system is LiCl-10 mol% NaCl-5 mol% Na 2 WO 4 -36 mol% CaCl 2
- the electrolysis temperature is 500 °C
- the stainless steel plate is used as the cathode
- the YG3 waste cemented carbide is the anode material
- the pole pitch is 3 cm.
- the electrolysis current density is controlled at 0.1 A/cm 2
- the cell voltage is stable at 1.6 V during electrolysis.
- Electrolytic metal powder and melting The salt medium is subjected to acid washing, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to separate and collect the molten salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa and the drying temperature is 50 °C.
- the tungsten metal nanoparticles were obtained by electrolysis with a purity of 99.3 wt%.
- the electrolytic cell is protected by a mixed gas of 10% oxygen + argon gas.
- the molten salt system consists of LiCl-26mol% KCl-5mol% Na 2 WO 4 -10mol% CaCl 2 , the electrolysis temperature is 500 °C, the stainless steel plate is used as the cathode, and the YG3 waste cemented carbide is the anode material, the pole pitch is 3cm.
- the electrolysis current density is controlled at 0.08 A/cm 2 , and the cell voltage is stable at 1.4 V during electrolysis.
- the metal powder obtained by electrolysis and the molten salt medium are subjected to acid washing, water washing, filtration and vacuum drying to separate and collect the molten salt medium and the product powder.
- the vacuum is 0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 50 °C.
- the tungsten metal nanoparticles were obtained by electrolysis with a purity of 98.7 wt%.
- the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
- Various modifications of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. And improvements are intended to fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the invention.
- the method for recovering waste cemented carbide disclosed in the present invention directly electrolyzes a molten cemented carbide as an anode in a molten salt, which comprises the following steps: 1) vacuum dehydration of molten salt dielectric; 2) using waste cemented carbide as an anode, inert
- the electrode is a cathode and is electrolyzed in a molten molten salt dielectric at an electrolysis temperature of 350 to 1000 ° C. 3) Separation and collection of the metal powder obtained by electrolysis from the molten salt medium.
- tungsten and cobalt ions can be directly dissolved into the molten salt medium from the anode material-waste cemented carbide, and deposited on the cathode plate under the driving of the electrolytic voltage to obtain metal powder particles.
- This process has short process flow, no solid/liquid/gas waste discharge, and is environmentally friendly.
- Electrolytic products such as tungsten and cobalt can be used as hard alloy materials, high-temperature structural materials, weapon materials, photocatalytic materials, etc., and have a wide range of applications, and are important in the fields of production and processing, aerospace, military industry, environmental energy, etc. effect.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB1607316.5A GB2537510B8 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-07-30 | A process for recycling waste carbide |
US14/908,495 US10519556B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-07-30 | Process for recycling waste carbide |
JP2016537102A JP6239117B2 (ja) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-07-30 | 廃棄超硬合金を回収する方法 |
UAA201606205A UA114061C2 (xx) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-07-30 | Спосіб переробки відходів твердих сплавів |
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CN201410269955.7 | 2014-06-17 | ||
CN201410269955.7A CN104018190B (zh) | 2014-06-17 | 2014-06-17 | 一种回收废硬质合金的方法 |
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US (1) | US10519556B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6239117B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104018190B (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2537510B8 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA114061C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015192443A1 (zh) |
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US10940538B2 (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2021-03-09 | Kennametal Inc. | Grade powders and sintered cemented carbide compositions |
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- 2014-07-30 UA UAA201606205A patent/UA114061C2/uk unknown
- 2014-07-30 WO PCT/CN2014/083316 patent/WO2015192443A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2014-07-30 US US14/908,495 patent/US10519556B2/en active Active
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US20160208398A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
GB2537510B (en) | 2020-05-20 |
GB2537510A (en) | 2016-10-19 |
JP6239117B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
UA114061C2 (xx) | 2017-04-10 |
GB2537510B8 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
CN104018190A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
US10519556B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
CN104018190B (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
JP2016529401A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
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