WO2015184955A1 - 一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2015184955A1
WO2015184955A1 PCT/CN2015/079557 CN2015079557W WO2015184955A1 WO 2015184955 A1 WO2015184955 A1 WO 2015184955A1 CN 2015079557 W CN2015079557 W CN 2015079557W WO 2015184955 A1 WO2015184955 A1 WO 2015184955A1
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phase
ref
voltage
mmc
full
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PCT/CN2015/079557
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English (en)
French (fr)
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傅闯
饶宏
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南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/16Devices for removing snow or ice from lines or cables
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

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  • the invention relates to a voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device and a control method thereof, in particular to a DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of a modular multilevel converter based on a full bridge submodule and
  • the control method relates to the field of high-power power electronics and transmission line melting ice technology.
  • the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based on H-bridge has been widely used.
  • the Southern Power Grid is in 500kV Dongguan Substation, Water Town Substation, Beijiao Substation and Kapok. Each substation is equipped with a STATCOM with a capacity of ⁇ 200MVAr.
  • the modular multi-level converter based on the full bridge sub-module has the bidirectional operation capability of DC voltage and DC current, which can meet the requirements of DC ice melting on the operating conditions of the converter, and is applied to DC melting ice to overcome the present
  • the DC ice-melting device can only be used for melting ice during the annual glazing period. If the DC ice-melting device can run in the static synchronous compensation mode during the non-glacial period, it can not only significantly improve the utilization rate of the equipment, but also make the DC ice-melting device. The dynamic reactive power balance and transient voltage support capability of the substation are improved, and the availability of the DC ice melting device during the icing period can also be ensured. Compared with the static var compensator (SVC) using thyristor, the STATCOM with voltage source converter has a small footprint, low operating loss, good harmonic characteristics, and strong dynamic reactive compensation.
  • SVC static var compensator
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art thyristor DC ice melting device and to provide a voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device capable of satisfying the melting requirements of various voltage level transmission lines.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a voltage source type DC ice melting device in consideration of the above problems.
  • the present invention can realize the conversion between different functional modes, and satisfies the safe and rapid melting of ice on each line, and has no access point. Harmonic pollution and dynamic reactive compensation for the access point.
  • the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the present invention comprising at least one basic commutation unit including an isolating knife K, a circuit breaker QF, and a connecting reactor Ls, modular multilevel converter MMC with full bridge submodule, knife gate K1, K2, K3, K4, smoothing reactor Ld1, Ld2; modular multilevel converter MMC, connected reactor Ls and knife gates K1, K2, K3, K4 all include three phases a, b, c, and the three-phase structure is identical; wherein one end of the connected reactor Ls is connected to the AC side busbar through the isolating knife K and the circuit breaker QF.
  • the other end is connected to the corresponding phase of the AC input terminal of the modular multilevel converter MMC adopting the full bridge submodule, that is, the a phase connected reactor Ls and the a phase of the modular multilevel converter MMC
  • the connection points of the bridge arms are connected, the b-phase connected reactor Ls is connected to the connection point of the b-phase upper and lower arms of the modular multi-level converter MMC, the c-phase connected reactor Ls and the modular multi-level converter MMC
  • the connection point of the c-phase upper and lower arms is connected, and one end of the knife K1 is combined with the modular multi-level commutation
  • the upper ends of the upper arms of the MMC phases are respectively connected, and the other end of the K4 is short-circuited and connected to one end of the smoothing reactor Ld1; the three-phase of the K4 at the K4 is combined with the MMC of the modular multi-level converter MMC
  • the lower ends of the lower bridge arms are respectively connected, and the other end of the knife gate
  • the basic converter unit is further connected with the knife gates Sd1, Sd2, Sd3, and Sd4, and the ice-melting connection knife gate Sa and the ice-melting short-circuit knife gate Sc.
  • One end of the knife gate Sd1 is connected to one end of the knife gate Sd2 and then connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ld1.
  • One end of the knife gate Sd3 is connected to one end of the knife gate Sd4, and then connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ld2.
  • the other end of the knife gate Sd1 is connected to one end of the a1 phase of the melting ice bus B in the station, and the knife gate Sd2 The other end is connected to the other end of the knife gate Sd3 and then connected to one end of the b1 phase of the ice melting bus B in the station, and the other end of the knife gate Sd4 is connected to one end of the c1 phase of the ice melting bus B in the station, and the ice bus B in the station is connected.
  • the other end of the a1, b1, and c1 phases is connected to one end of the a2, b2, and c2 phases of the AC line L to be melted by the ice-melting connection knife gate Sa, and the a2, b2, and c2 phases of the ice-exchanged AC line L are connected.
  • the other end is connected to the corresponding end of the melted ice shorting knife gate Sc.
  • control method of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the invention is as follows:
  • Static synchronous compensation mode Knife switches K1 and K4 are disconnected, Knife switches K2 and K3 are closed; Isolation Knife K and circuit breaker QF are closed.
  • One basic commutation unit is two parallel triangular connected chain static synchronous compensation. STATCOM device.
  • control method of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the invention when in the "one relative one phase” melting mode and the “one relative two phase” melting mode, comprises the following control steps:
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC reactive power command value Q ord is subtracted from the measured value Q of the reactive power, and the error is obtained.
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC AC side output is obtained.
  • the current reactive power component reference value I qref the signal processing method is proportional integral adjustment; wherein the reactive power command value Q ord is manually set or the controller calculates according to the design logic, and the reactive power measured value Q is according to the module.
  • the multi-level converter MMC is connected to the reactor Ls grid voltages (u sa , u sb and u sc ) and currents (i a , i b and i c ) are calculated;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC AC side currents i a , i b and i c are Park transformed, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc / dq to obtain the AC side current active axis component measured value i d and the measured value of the reactive axis component i q ;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC is connected to the reactor Ls network side three-phase voltages u sa , u sb and u sc for Park transformation, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc / dq to obtain the connected reactor Ls network The measured value of the active voltage component of the side voltage u sd and the measured value of the reactive power component u sq ;
  • ⁇ 0 t
  • ⁇ 0 the fundamental frequency of the grid
  • t time
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC AC side current reactive-axis component reference value I qref is subtracted from the measured value i q to obtain the current reactive-axis component error value, and the signal processing is followed by the feedforward amount ⁇ 0 Li d , plus the measured value of the voltage reactive component, u sq , to obtain the modular multilevel converter MMC AC side voltage reactive component reference value u cq_ref ; the signal processing method is proportional integral adjustment;
  • the L is an equivalent AC network side reactance, which is 1/2 of the bridge arm reactance L c plus the connection reactance L s , that is,
  • the loop suppression uses the double-fundamental frequency negative sequence rotation coordinates to detect the detected multi-level inverter MMC upper and lower arm currents i pa , i pb , i pc , i na , i nb and i nc .
  • the bridge arm reference voltage compensation amounts U compa_ref , U compb_ref and U compc_ref for loop suppression are obtained by the proportional integrator and feedforward compensation;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC AC side currents i a , i b and i c are Park-transformed, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc/dq to obtain the measured value of the AC active current component of the AC side. d and the measured value of the reactive axis component i q ;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC is connected to the reactor Ls network side three-phase voltages u sa , u sb and u sc for Park transformation, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc / dq to obtain the connected reactor Ls network The measured value of the active voltage component of the side voltage u sd and the measured value of the reactive power component u sq ;
  • the reference value I qref of the AC side current reactive power component of the modular multilevel converter MMC is set to zero, and the measured value i q is subtracted to obtain the current reactive power component.
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC AC side voltage active axis component reference value u cd_ref and the voltage reactive power component reference value u cq_ref are inversely transformed by Park, that is, multiplied by a transformation matrix Obtaining the MMC AC side three-phase voltage reference values u ca_ref , u cb_ref and u cc_ref of the modular multilevel converter ;
  • the obtained modular multilevel converter MMC upper and lower arm voltage reference values u pa_ref , u pb_ref , u pc_ref , u na_ref , u nb_ref and u nc_ref are controlled by a pulse width modulation method to generate a corresponding trigger pulse
  • the turn-on and turn-off of the fully controlled device in each sub-module of the bridge arm enables the actual value of the bridge arm voltage to be the same as the bridge arm voltage reference value, thereby realizing the control of the voltage of each bridge arm.
  • the composition of the invention fully utilizes the characteristics that the full bridge sub-module can output positive, zero and negative three module voltages, so that the converter DC voltage and the direct current can be continuously adjustable between the maximum allowable value and zero,
  • the DC ice melting device can meet the needs of multiple ice melting lines of different lengths, different resistivities and different voltage levels, and in all operating conditions, the power quality of the AC side can be guaranteed, and there is almost no communication system. influential.
  • the invention utilizes the full control type device parallel and inverter parallel technology to meet the large current required for the high voltage level transmission line melting ice, so that the voltage source type DC ice melting device can be used for each voltage level transmission line.
  • the conversion method between the different functional modes of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the invention is simple and convenient, and the control method of the DC ice melting device is simple and convenient.
  • the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the present invention operates as a static synchronous compensation device using a chain-connected STATCOM device.
  • the invention has reasonable design, convenient and practical, and can be used for newly-built DC ice-melting project, and can also be used for upgrading and transforming a DC ice-melting device in an already established DC ice-melting project, and has broad application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device using a basic converter unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device using M basic commutation units according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy in a DC melt mode of a voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy in a DC-side open-circuit pressurization test mode of a voltage source type DC ice-melting and static synchronous compensation device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a full bridge submodule using a single full control device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a full bridge sub-module in which a dual full control device is connected in parallel according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a full bridge sub-module in which a plurality of fully-controlled devices are connected in parallel according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device according to the present invention.
  • the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the present invention includes at least one basic commutation unit, and the basic conversion
  • the flow unit includes an isolation knife gate K, a circuit breaker QF, a connection reactor Ls, a modular multilevel converter MMC with a full bridge submodule, knife switches K1, K2, K3, K4, and a smoothing reactor Ld1.
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC, the connected reactor Ls and the knife gates K1, K2, K3, K4 all comprise three phases a, b, c, and the three-phase structure is identical; wherein the reactor Ls is connected One end is connected to the AC side busbar through the isolation knife gate K and the circuit breaker QF, and the other end is connected to the corresponding AC input end of the modular multilevel converter MMC adopting the full bridge submodule, that is, the a phase connection reactance Ls and modular multi-level switching
  • the connection point of the upper and lower arms of the a-phase of the flow device MMC is connected, and the connection phase of the b-phase connected reactor Ls is connected with the connection point of the b-phase upper and lower arms of the modular multi-level converter MMC, and the c-phase connected reactor Ls and modular
  • the multi-level converter MMC is connected to the connection point of the c-phase upper and lower arms, and one end of the K1 is connected to the upper end of the upper arm of the modular multi
  • the two ends of the a-phase of the knife K2 are respectively connected to the upper end of the a-phase upper arm of the modular multi-level converter MMC and the lower end of the b-phase upper arm, the b of the K2
  • the two ends of the phase are respectively connected to the upper end of the b-phase upper arm of the modular multi-level converter MMC and the lower end of the c-phase upper arm, and the two ends of the c-phase of the knife K2 are respectively connected to the modular multi-level converter MMC
  • the upper end of the c-phase upper arm and the lower end of the a-phase upper arm; the two ends of the a-phase of the K3 switch K3 are respectively connected to the upper end of the a-phase lower arm of the modular multi-level converter MMC and the b-phase
  • the two ends of the b-phase of the knife gate K3 are respectively connected to the upper end of the b-phase lower arm of the modular
  • the above basic converter unit is also connected with the knife gates Sd1, Sd2, Sd3, Sd4, the ice melting connecting knife gate Sa and the melting ice shorting knife gate Sc.
  • One end of the knife gate Sd1 is connected to one end of the knife gate Sd2 and then connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ld1.
  • One end of the knife gate Sd3 is connected to one end of the knife gate Sd4, and then connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ld2.
  • the other end of the knife gate Sd1 is connected to one end of the a1 phase of the melting ice bus B in the station, and the other end of the knife gate Sd2 is connected to the other end of the knife gate Sd3, and then connected to one end of the b1 phase of the ice melting bus B in the station.
  • the other end of the Sd4 is connected to one end of the c1 phase of the melting ice bus B in the station, and the other end of the a1, b1, and c1 phases of the melting ice bus B in the station is connected to the a2 and b2 of the AC line L to be melted by the ice melting.
  • One end of the c2 phase is connected, and the other end of the a2, b2, and c2 phases of the ice-melting AC line L is connected to the corresponding end of the ice-shrinking knife gate Sc.
  • the above-mentioned modular multilevel converter MMC is a three-phase six-bridge arm structure, each bridge arm is composed of a reactor Lc and N full bridge sub-modules SM connected in series, N is a positive integer, and each full bridge sub-module
  • the internal structure is the same; the upper and lower bridge arm reactors of each phase are connected in series in the same direction, that is, the non-identical end of the upper arm reactor Lc and the same end of the lower arm are connected together and connected with the corresponding phase of the connected reactor Ls, three The other ends of the upper arms are connected to form a DC side positive pole, and the other ends of the three lower arms are connected together to form a DC side negative pole.
  • the full bridge submodule in the modular multilevel converter MMC using the full bridge submodule adopts a full bridge submodule of a single full control device, or a full bridge submodule in which a dual full control device is connected in parallel, or adopts multiple Full-bridge sub-module with full-controlled devices in parallel.
  • control method of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the invention is as follows:
  • Static synchronous compensation mode Knife switches K1 and K4 are disconnected, Knife switches K2 and K3 are closed; Isolation Knife K and circuit breaker QF are closed.
  • One basic commutation unit is two parallel triangular connected chain static synchronous compensation. STATCOM device.
  • control method of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the invention when in the "one relative one phase” melting mode and the “one relative two phase” melting mode, comprises the following control steps:
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC reactive power command value Q ord is subtracted from the measured value Q of the reactive power, and the error is obtained.
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC AC side output is obtained.
  • the current reactive power component reference value I qref the signal processing method is proportional integral adjustment; wherein the reactive power command value Q ord is manually set or the controller calculates according to the design logic, and the reactive power measured value Q is according to the module.
  • the multi-level converter MMC is connected to the reactor Ls grid voltages (u sa , u sb and u sc ) and currents (i a , i b and i c ) are calculated;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC AC side currents i a , i b and i c are Park transformed, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc / dq to obtain the AC side current active axis component measured value i d and the measured value of the reactive axis component i q ;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC is connected to the reactor Ls network side three-phase voltages u sa , u sb and u sc for Park transformation, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc / dq to obtain the connected reactor Ls network The measured value of the active voltage component of the side voltage u sd and the measured value of the reactive power component u sq ;
  • ⁇ 0 t
  • ⁇ 0 the fundamental frequency of the grid
  • t time
  • the modular multi-level converter MMC AC side current reactive-axis component reference value I qref is subtracted from the measured value i q to obtain the current reactive-axis component error value, and the signal processing is followed by the feedforward amount ⁇ 0 Li d , plus the measured value of the voltage reactive power component u sq , to obtain the modular multi-level converter MMC AC side voltage reactive power component reference value u cq_ref ; the signal processing method is proportional integral adjustment;
  • the L is an equivalent AC network side reactance, which is 1/2 of the bridge arm reactance L c plus the connection reactance L s , that is,
  • the loop suppression uses the double-fundamental frequency negative sequence rotation coordinates to detect the detected multi-level inverter MMC upper and lower arm currents i pa , i pb , i pc , i na , i nb and i nc .
  • the bridge arm reference voltage compensation amounts U compa_ref , U compb_ref and U compc_ref for loop suppression are obtained by the proportional integrator and feedforward compensation;
  • the obtained modular multilevel converter MMC upper and lower arm voltage reference values u pa_ref , u pb_ref , u pc — ref , u na — ref , u nb — ref and u nc — ref are controlled by a pulse width modulation method to generate corresponding trigger pulses
  • the turn-on and turn-off of the fully controlled device in each sub-module of the bridge arm enables the actual value of the bridge arm voltage to be the same as the bridge arm voltage reference value, thereby realizing the control of the voltage of each bridge arm.
  • control method of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the invention when in the DC side open circuit pressure test mode, comprises the following control steps:
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC AC side currents i a , i b and i c are Park-transformed, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc/dq to obtain the measured value of the AC active current component of the AC side. d and the measured value of the reactive axis component i q ;
  • the modular multilevel converter MMC is connected to the reactor Ls network side three-phase voltages u sa , u sb and u sc for Park transformation, that is, multiplied by the transformation matrix P abc / dq to obtain the connected reactor Ls network The measured value of the active voltage component of the side voltage u sd and the measured value of the reactive power component u sq ;
  • the reference value I qref of the AC side current reactive power component of the modular multilevel converter MMC is set to zero, and the measured value i q is subtracted to obtain the current reactive power component.
  • the obtained modular multilevel converter MMC upper and lower arm voltage reference values u pa_ref , u pb_ref , u pc_ref , u na_ref , u nb_ref and u nc_ref are controlled by a pulse width modulation method to generate a corresponding trigger pulse
  • the turn-on and turn-off of the fully controlled device in each sub-module of the bridge arm enables the actual value of the bridge arm voltage to be the same as the bridge arm voltage reference value, thereby realizing the control of the voltage of each bridge arm.
  • the structure diagram of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, and includes M basic commutation units, wherein M is a positive integer; M basic wave commutation unit smoothing reactor Ld1 One ends of the smoothing reactors Ld2 of the M basic converter units are connected together, and one ends of the knife switches Sd1 and Sd2 are connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ld1 of the M basic converter units.
  • One ends of the knife gates Sd3 and Sd4 are connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ld2 of the M basic converter units, and the other end of the knife gate Sd1 is connected to one end of the a1 phase of the ice melting bus bar B in the station, and the knife gate Sd2 After being connected to the other end of Sd3, it is connected to one end of the b1 phase of the melting ice bus B in the station, and the other end of the knife gate Sd4 is connected to one end of the c1 phase of the ice melting bus B in the station, and a1, b1, c1 of the ice bus B in the station are connected.
  • the other end of the phase is connected to the end of the a2, b2, and c2 phases of the AC line L to be melted by the ice-melting connection knife gate Sa, and the other end of the a2, b2, and c2 phases of the ice-melting AC line L is short with the melting ice.
  • the corresponding ends of the knife gates Sc are connected.
  • the above-mentioned modular multilevel converter MMC is a three-phase six-bridge arm structure, each bridge arm is composed of a reactor Lc and N full bridge sub-modules SM connected in series, N is a positive integer, and each full bridge sub-module Internal structure Same; each phase upper and lower bridge arm reactors are connected in series in the same direction, that is, the non-identical end of the upper arm reactor Lc and the same end of the lower arm are connected together and connected with the corresponding connection of the connected reactor Ls, three upper bridges The other ends of the arms are connected to form a DC side positive electrode, and the other ends of the three lower arms are connected to form a DC side negative electrode.
  • the full bridge submodule in the modular multilevel converter MMC using the full bridge submodule described above may be a full bridge submodule of a single fully controlled device, or a full bridge submodule in which a dual full control device is connected in parallel, or Full-bridge sub-module with multiple fully-controlled devices in parallel.
  • the structure of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the present invention is the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the full bridge submodule in the modular multilevel converter MMC adopts a single fully controlled device.
  • the full-bridge sub-module the schematic diagram of the full-bridge sub-module using a single-full-control device is shown in Figure 5, including four fully-controlled devices S1, S2, S3, S4, four diodes D1, D2, D3, D4 , a capacitor C, a thyristor SCR, a fast switch Ks, the full control device S1 and the diode D1 are anti-parallel, the full control device S2 and the diode D2 are connected in anti-parallel, the full control device S3 and the diode D3 are anti-parallel,
  • the fully-controlled device S4 is connected in parallel with the diode D4, that is, the positive terminal of the fully-controlled device is connected to the negative terminal of the dio
  • the negative terminal of the fully controlled device S4 and the negative terminal of the fully controlled device S2 are connected to the other end of the capacitor C; the fast switch Ks is connected to both ends of the full H-bridge module; the thyristor SCR is connected to the full bridge Both ends of the submodule.
  • the structure of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensating device of the present invention is the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the full bridge submodule in the modular multilevel converter MMC is connected in parallel by a dual full control device.
  • the full-bridge sub-module, the schematic diagram of the full-bridge sub-module with dual full-control devices connected in parallel is shown in Figure 6, including eight fully-controlled devices S11, S21, S31, S41, S12, S22, S32, S42, and eight.
  • the negative terminal of the full control device S42 is connected to the negative terminal of the full control device S21 and the negative terminal of the full control device S22, and is connected to the other end of the capacitor C;
  • the fast switch Ks is connected to both ends of the full bridge submodule;
  • the thyristor SCR is connected to both ends of the full bridge sub-module, that is, a fully-controlled device corresponding to the position of the full-bridge sub-module of the single-full-control device-diode anti-parallel pair is changed into two parallel-connected full-control devices-
  • the diodes are anti-parallel pairs.
  • the structure of the voltage source type DC ice melting and static synchronous compensation device of the present invention is the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the full bridge submodule in the modular multilevel converter MMC uses a plurality of fully controlled devices.
  • Parallel connection the schematic diagram of the full-bridge sub-module with multiple fully-controlled devices connected in parallel is shown in Figure 7.
  • a fully-controlled device corresponding to the position of the full-bridge sub-module of the single-full-control device will be used.

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Abstract

一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置及其控制方法,该装置包括至少一个基本换流单元,该基本换流单元包括连接电抗器Ls,采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC,刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4,平波电抗器Ld1、Ld2。该装置的不同功能模式之间的转换方法能够满足各种电压等级输电线路安全快速融冰需要,对接入点无谐波污染,且可为接入点提供动态无功补偿。该装置既可用于新建直流融冰工程,也可用于已建直流融冰工程中直流融冰装置的升级改造。

Description

一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置及其控制方法,特别是一种基于全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器的直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置及其控制方法,涉及大功率电力电子和输电线路融冰技术领域。
背景技术
电力***遭受的各种自然灾害中,冰灾是最严重的威胁之一。随着现代化水平的不断提高,全社会对电力的依赖程度越来越高,对电力供应也提出了更高要求。近年来,全球各类气象灾害更为频繁,极端天气气候事件更显异常,冰灾造成电力***的损失和影响更趋严重,破坏程度越来越强,影响也越来越复杂,应对难度也越来越大。如1921年10月瑞典冰灾、1972年1月美国哥伦比亚州冰灾、1998年1月美国东北部和加拿大东南部冰灾、1999年12月法国冰灾、瑞典南部2005年1月冰灾、德国2005年11月冰灾。
中国冰灾事故频繁发生,电网受到的影响越来越严重。2005年初,华中地区历史上罕见的低温雨雪冰冻天气给中国华中、华北电网造成严重的灾害。2008年初,低温雨雪冰冻天气袭击中国南方、华中、华东地区,导致贵州、湖南、广东、云南、广西和江西等省输电线路大面积、长时间停运,给国民经济和人民生活造成巨大损失。2011年1月,由于较大面积覆冰,贵州省、湖南省、江西省、广西桂北地区、广东粤北地区和云南滇东北地区的电网受到了很大的影响。2012年初、2013年初、2014年中国电网都不同程度受到覆冰的影响。
2008年冰灾后,中国电力科技工作者自主进行了直流融冰技术及装置的研发,成功研发出了具有完全自主知识产权的大功率直流融冰装置,主要包括带专用整流变压器直流融冰装置(ZL201010140060.5)和不带专用整流变压器的直流融冰装置(ZL201010140086.X),进而在全国进行了推广应用,到目前为止,共有约100余套直流融冰装置投入运行,其中南方电网内布置有80多套。上述两种直流融冰装置采用了晶闸管可控整流技术,在运行中均会消耗一定的无功、产生特征次谐波,给接入交流***带来一定的影响。特别是不带专用整流变压器的直流融冰装置,只能采用6脉波整流,运行时谐波污染严重,实际应用中需将其接入点的其它负荷转移到其它母线。
自2008年开始,就有基于可关断电力电子器件直流融冰装置的相关研究启动, 但由于可关断电力电子器件价格昂贵,电压和电流容量还很有限,大功率电压源型换流器可靠性较差,业内人士提出的一些基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置只能用于110kV及以下电压等级输电线路的融冰,无法提供更高电压等级输电线路融冰需要的最小融冰电流。即至今为止,国内外均还没有成功研发出可代替基于晶闸管技术的、经济实用的适用于不同长度多电压等级输电线路融冰需要的电压源型直流融冰装置。
近几年来,电压源型换流器已经取得了长足的进步,基于H桥的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)已经得到较为广泛的应用,南方电网在500kV东莞变电站、水乡变电站、北郊变电站和木棉变电站各安装了容量为±200MVAr的STATCOM。基于半H桥模块化多电平变流器(MMC)也已应用于柔性直流输电领域,并展现出明显的技术优势,世界上首个应用MMC技术的VSC-HVDC工程Trans Bay Cable2010年3月在美国正式投运,世界首个多端柔性直流输电工程——南澳±160千伏多端柔性直流输电示范工程已于2013年12月在中国汕头投入运行。模块化多电平变流器的可靠性在逐步提高,价格在逐步下降。基于全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器具有直流电压和直流电流双向运行能力,可满足直流融冰对换流器运行工况的要求,将其应用于直流融冰,可克服现有基于晶闸管直流融冰装置缺点。
现阶段,全控型器件通流能力还很有限,远没有达到晶闸管的通流指标。即使采用电流额定值最大的IGBT,单个器件也无法提供220kV输电线路融冰需要的电流,必须采用器件并联或者换流器并联才能满足。对于绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT,由于其饱和电压在很宽的电流范围内都具有正的温度系数,很容易实现并联器件间的均流。另外,即使对采用单IGBT器件就可满足融冰电流需求的场景,由于高压大电流IGBT器件非常昂贵,采用具有较小电流额定值的多个IGBT器件和换流器并联往往是一种很经济的方案。
直流融冰装置仅在每年的覆冰期才可能用于融冰,如果在非覆冰期直流融冰装置能够运行在静止同步补偿模式,不但能够显著提高设备的利用率,也可使得直流融冰装置所在变电站动态无功平衡和暂态电压支撑能力得到提升,还能够确保直流融冰装置在覆冰期中的可用性。相对于采用晶闸管的静止无功补偿装置(SVC),采用电压源型换流器的STATCOM占地面积小,运行损耗低,谐波特性好,动态无功补偿能力强。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有采用晶闸管直流融冰装置的缺点而提供一种能够满足各种电压等级输电线路融冰需要的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置。
本发明的另一目的在于考虑上述问题而提供一种电压源型直流融冰装置的控制方法,本发明能实现不同功能模式之间的转换,满足各线路安全快速融冰,对接入点无谐波污染,且可为接入点提供动态无功补偿。
本发明的技术方案是:本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,包括有至少一个基本换流单元,该基本换流单元包括有隔离刀闸K,断路器QF,连接电抗器Ls,采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC,刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4,平波电抗器Ld1、Ld2;其中模块化多电平换流器MMC、连接电抗器Ls及刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4都包括有a、b、c三相,且三相结构完全相同;其中连接电抗器Ls的一端通过隔离刀闸K和断路器QF接在交流侧母线上,另一端与采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC的交流输入端对应相分别连接,即a相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相上下桥臂的连接点相连,b相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相上下桥臂的连接点相连,c相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相上下桥臂的连接点相连,刀闸K1的一端与模块化多电平换流器MMC各相上桥臂的上端分别相连,刀闸K1另一端三相短接后与平波电抗器Ld1的一端连接;刀闸K4一端的三相与模块化多电平换流器MMC各相下桥臂的下端分别相连,刀闸K4另一端三相短接后与平波电抗器Ld2的一端连接;刀闸K2的a相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相上桥臂上端和b相上桥臂下端,刀闸K2的b相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相上桥臂上端和c相上桥臂下端,刀闸K2的c相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相上桥臂上端和a相上桥臂下端;刀闸K3的a相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相下桥臂上端和b相下桥臂下端,刀闸K3的b相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相下桥臂上端和c相下桥臂下端,刀闸K3的c相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相下桥臂上端和a相下桥臂下端。
上述基本换流单元还连接有刀闸Sd1、Sd2、Sd3、Sd4,融冰连接刀闸Sa及融冰短接刀闸Sc。刀闸Sd1的一端与刀闸Sd2的一端连接后再与平波电抗器Ld1的另一端连接,刀闸Sd3的一端与刀闸Sd4的一端连接后再与平波电抗器Ld2的另一端连接,刀闸Sd1的另一端与站内融冰母线B的a1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd2 的另一端与刀闸Sd3的另一端连接后再与站内融冰母线B的b1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd4的另一端与站内融冰母线B的c1相的一端连接,站内融冰母线B的a1、b1、c1相的另一端通过融冰连接刀闸Sa与待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的一端对应连接,待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的另一端与融冰短接刀闸Sc的对应端连接。
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,不同功能模式的转换方法如下:
1)“一相对一相”融冰模式:a2相导线和b2相导线串联融冰时,刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1和Sd3闭合,Sd2和Sd4断开;融冰连接刀闸Sa闭合;融冰短接刀闸闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
2)“两相对一相”融冰模式:a2、b2相导线并联后再与c2相导线串联融冰时,刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1、Sd2、Sd4闭合,Sd3断开;融冰连接刀闸Sa闭合;融冰短接刀闸闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
3)直流侧开路加压试验模式:刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1、Sd2、Sd3、Sd4断开;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
4)静止同步补偿模式:刀闸K1、K4断开,刀闸K2、K3闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合,一个基本换流单元为两台并联的三角形连接的链式静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)装置。
本发明电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,当处于“一相对一相”融冰模式和“一相对两相”融冰模式时,包括如下控制步骤:
1)根据模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流指令值Idc_ord和模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧回路直流电阻Rdc_loop计算模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref
Udc_ref=Idc_ordRloop    (1);
2)将模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流指令值Idc_ord减去模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流实测值Idc,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模 块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
3)将模块化多电平换流器MMC无功功率指令值Qord减去无功功率实测值Q,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧输出电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;其中无功功率指令值Qord由人工设定或者控制器根据设计逻辑计算得出,无功功率实测值Q根据模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧电压(usa、usb和usc)和电流(ia、ib和ic)计算得出;
4)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流ia、ib和ic进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到交流侧电流有功轴分量实测值id和无功轴分量实测值iq
将模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧三相电压usa、usb和usc进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd和无功轴分量实测值usq
其中,变换矩阵Pabc/dq形式为
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000001
其中θ=ω0t,ω0为电网基波频率,t为时间。
5)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref减去实测值id得到电流有功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后减去前馈量ω0Liq,再 减去连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref减去实测值iq得到电流无功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后加上前馈量ω0Lid,再加上电压无功轴分量实测值usq,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
所述L为等效交流网侧电抗,为桥臂电抗Lc的1/2加上连接电抗Ls,即
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000002
6)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref和电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref进行派克(Park)逆变换,即乘以变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000003
得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧三相电压参考值uca_ref、ucb_ref和ucc_ref
其中,变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000004
的形式为
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000005
7)用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相上桥臂电压的参考值upa_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompb_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相上桥 臂电压的参考值upb_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompc_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相上桥臂电压的参考值upc_ref;
用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相下桥臂电压的参考值una_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的b相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompb_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相下桥臂电压的参考值unb_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的c相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompc_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相下桥臂电压的参考值unc_ref
其中,环流抑制采用利用二倍基波频率负序旋转坐标对检测到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电流ipa、ipb、ipc、ina、inb和inc进行处理后在通过比例积分器和前馈补偿得到用于环流抑制的桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref、Ucompb_ref和Ucompc_ref
8)得到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电压参考值upa_ref、upb_ref、upc_ref、una_ref、unb_ref和unc_ref通过脉宽调制方法,生成的触发脉冲来控制相应六个桥臂上各个子模块中全控型器件的开通和关断,使得桥臂电压实际值与桥臂电压参考值相同,实现对各个桥臂电压的控制;
静止同步补偿处于直流侧开路加压试验模式时,包括如下控制步骤:
1)将模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord减去模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压实测值Udc,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
2)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流ia、ib和ic进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到交流侧电流有功轴分量实测值id和无功轴分量实测值iq
将模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧三相电压usa、usb和usc进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd和无功轴分量实测值usq
3)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref减去实测值id得到电流有功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后减去前馈量ω0Liq,再减去连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
在该直流侧开路加压试验模式下,设定模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref为零,将其减去实测值iq得到电流无功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后加上前馈量ω0Lid,再加上电压无功轴分量实测值usq,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
4)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref和电压 无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref进行派克(Park)逆变换,即乘以变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000006
得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧三相电压参考值uca_ref、ucb_ref和ucc_ref
5)用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相上桥臂电压的参考值upa_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相上桥臂电压的参考值upb_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相上桥臂电压的参考值upc_ref
用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相下桥臂电压的参考值una_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相下桥臂电压的参考值unb_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相下桥臂电压的参考值unc_ref
6)得到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电压参考值upa_ref、upb_ref、upc_ref、una_ref、unb_ref和unc_ref通过脉宽调制方法,生成的触发脉冲来控制相应六个桥臂上各个子模块中全控型器件的开通和关断,使得桥臂电压实际值与桥臂电压参考值相同,实现对各个桥臂电压的控制。
本发明的构成充分利用了全桥子模块可输出正、零、负的三种模块电压的特性,使得换流器直流电压和直流电流均可以在最大允许值与零之间连续可调,一套直流融冰装置可满足多条不同长度、不同电阻率、不同电压等级输电线路融冰需要,且在所有运行工况中,交流侧电能质量均可得到保证,对交流***几乎没 有影响。本发明利用全控型器件并联和换流器并联技术满足高电压等级输电线路融冰需要的大电流,使得电压源型直流融冰装置可用于各个电压等级输电线路。本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的不同功能模式间的转换方法简单方便,直流融冰装置的控制方法简单方便。本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置作为静止同步补偿装置运行时是采用三角形连接的链式STATCOM装置。本发明设计合理,方便实用,既可用于新建直流融冰工程,也可用于已建直流融冰工程中直流融冰装置的升级改造,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明专利进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明实施例1采用一个基本换流单元的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例2采用M个基本换流单元的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构示意图。
图3为本发明电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的直流融冰模式下的控制策略示意图。
图4为本发明电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的直流侧开路加压试验模式下的控制策略示意图。
图5为本发明实施例3采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例4采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块的结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例5采用多个全控型器件并联的全桥子模块的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构示意图如图1所示,本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,包括有至少一个基本换流单元,该基本换流单元包括有隔离刀闸K,断路器QF,连接电抗器Ls,采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC,刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4,平波电抗器Ld1、Ld2;其中模块化多电平换流器MMC、连接电抗器Ls及刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4都包括有a、b、c三相,且三相结构完全相同;其中连接电抗器Ls的一端通过隔离刀闸K和断路器QF接在交流侧母线上,另一端与采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC的交流输入端对应相分别连接,即a相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换 流器MMC的a相上下桥臂的连接点相连,b相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相上下桥臂的连接点相连,c相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相上下桥臂的连接点相连,刀闸K1的一端与模块化多电平换流器MMC各相上桥臂的上端分别相连,刀闸K1另一端三相短接后与平波电抗器Ld1的一端连接;刀闸K4一端的三相与模块化多电平换流器MMC各相下桥臂的下端分别相连,刀闸K4另一端三相短接后与平波电抗器Ld2的一端连接;刀闸K2的a相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相上桥臂上端和b相上桥臂下端,刀闸K2的b相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相上桥臂上端和c相上桥臂下端,刀闸K2的c相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相上桥臂上端和a相上桥臂下端;刀闸K3的a相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相下桥臂上端和b相下桥臂下端,刀闸K3的b相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相下桥臂上端和c相下桥臂下端,刀闸K3的c相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相下桥臂上端和a相下桥臂下端。
为实现电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿,上述基本换流单元还连接有刀闸Sd1、Sd2、Sd3、Sd4,融冰连接刀闸Sa及融冰短接刀闸Sc。刀闸Sd1的一端与刀闸Sd2的一端连接后再与平波电抗器Ld1的另一端连接,刀闸Sd3的一端与刀闸Sd4的一端连接后再与平波电抗器Ld2的另一端连接,刀闸Sd1的另一端与站内融冰母线B的a1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd2的另一端与刀闸Sd3的另一端连接后再与站内融冰母线B的b1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd4的另一端与站内融冰母线B的c1相的一端连接,站内融冰母线B的a1、b1、c1相的另一端通过融冰连接刀闸Sa与待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的一端对应连接,待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的另一端与融冰短接刀闸Sc的对应端连接。
上述模块化多电平换流器MMC为三相六桥臂结构,每个桥臂由一个电抗器Lc和N个全桥子模块SM串联组成,N为正整数,每个全桥子模块的内部结构相同;每相上下桥臂电抗器同向串联连接,即上桥臂电抗器Lc的非同名端和下桥臂的同名端连接在一起后与连接电抗器Ls的对应相连接,三个上桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧正极,三个下桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧负极。
上述采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC中的全桥子模块采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块,或采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块,或采用多全控型器件并联的全桥子模块。
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,不同功能模式的转换方法如下:
1)“一相对一相”融冰模式:a2相导线和b2相导线串联融冰时,刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1和Sd3闭合,Sd2和Sd4断开;融冰连接刀闸Sa闭合;融冰短接刀闸闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
2)“两相对一相”融冰模式:a2、b2相导线并联后再与c2相导线串联融冰时,刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1、Sd2、Sd4闭合,Sd3断开;融冰连接刀闸Sa闭合;融冰短接刀闸闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
3)直流侧开路加压试验模式:刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1、Sd2、Sd3、Sd4断开;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
4)静止同步补偿模式:刀闸K1、K4断开,刀闸K2、K3闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合,一个基本换流单元为两台并联的三角形连接的链式静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)装置。
本发明电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,当处于“一相对一相”融冰模式和“一相对两相”融冰模式时,包括如下控制步骤:
1)根据模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流指令值Idc_ord和模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧回路直流电阻Rdc_loop计算模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref
Udc_ref=Idc_ordRloop    (1);
2)将模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流指令值Idc_ord减去模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流实测值Idc,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
3)将模块化多电平换流器MMC无功功率指令值Qord减去无功功率实测值Q,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧输出电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;其中无功功率指令 值Qord由人工设定或者控制器根据设计逻辑计算得出,无功功率实测值Q根据模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧电压(usa、usb和usc)和电流(ia、ib和ic)计算得出;
4)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流ia、ib和ic进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到交流侧电流有功轴分量实测值id和无功轴分量实测值iq
将模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧三相电压usa、usb和usc进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd和无功轴分量实测值usq
其中,变换矩阵Pabc/dq形式为
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000007
其中θ=ω0t,ω0为电网基波频率,t为时间。
5)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref减去实测值id得到电流有功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后减去前馈量ω0Liq,再减去连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref减去实测值iq得到电流无功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后加上前馈量ω0Lid,再加上电压无功轴分量实测值usq,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压无功轴分 量参考值ucq_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
所述L为等效交流网侧电抗,为桥臂电抗Lc的1/2加上连接电抗Ls,即
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000008
6)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref和电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref进行派克(Park)逆变换,即乘以变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000009
得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧三相电压参考值uca_ref、ucb_ref和ucc_ref
其中,变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000010
的形式为
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000011
7)用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相上桥臂电压的参考值upa_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompb_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相上桥臂电压的参考值upb_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompc_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相上桥臂电压的参考值upc_ref
用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交 流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相下桥臂电压的参考值una_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的b相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompb_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相下桥臂电压的参考值unb_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的c相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompc_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相下桥臂电压的参考值unc_ref
其中,环流抑制采用利用二倍基波频率负序旋转坐标对检测到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电流ipa、ipb、ipc、ina、inb和inc进行处理后在通过比例积分器和前馈补偿得到用于环流抑制的桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref、Ucompb_ref和Ucompc_ref
8)得到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电压参考值upa_ref、upb_ref、upc_ref、una_ref、unb_ref和unc_ref通过脉宽调制方法,生成的触发脉冲来控制相应六个桥臂上各个子模块中全控型器件的开通和关断,使得桥臂电压实际值与桥臂电压参考值相同,实现对各个桥臂电压的控制。
本发明电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,当处于直流侧开路加压试验模式时,包括如下控制步骤:
1)将模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord减去模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压实测值Udc,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
2)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流ia、ib和ic进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到交流侧电流有功轴分量实测值id和无功轴分 量实测值iq
将模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧三相电压usa、usb和usc进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd和无功轴分量实测值usq
3)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref减去实测值id得到电流有功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后减去前馈量ω0Liq,再减去连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
在该直流侧开路加压试验模式下,设定模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref为零,将其减去实测值iq得到电流无功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后加上前馈量ω0Lid,再加上电压无功轴分量实测值usq,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
4)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref和电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref进行派克(Park)逆变换,即乘以变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-000012
得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧三相电压参考值uca_ref、ucb_ref和ucc_ref
5)用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相上桥臂电压的参考值upa_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相上桥臂电压的参考值upb_ref;用直流侧电压指 令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相上桥臂电压的参考值upc_ref
用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相下桥臂电压的参考值una_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相下桥臂电压的参考值unb_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相下桥臂电压的参考值unc_ref
6)得到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电压参考值upa_ref、upb_ref、upc_ref、una_ref、unb_ref和unc_ref通过脉宽调制方法,生成的触发脉冲来控制相应六个桥臂上各个子模块中全控型器件的开通和关断,使得桥臂电压实际值与桥臂电压参考值相同,实现对各个桥臂电压的控制。
实施例2:
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构示意图如图2所示,包括有M个基本换流单元,其中M为正整数;M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld1的一端连接在一起,M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld2的一端连接在一起,刀闸Sd1、Sd2的一端连接后与M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld1的另一端连接,刀闸Sd3、Sd4的一端连接后与M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld2的另一端连接,刀闸Sd1的另一端与站内融冰母线B的a1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd2和Sd3的另一端连接后与站内融冰母线B的b1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd4的另一端与站内融冰母线B的c1相的一端连接,站内融冰母线B的a1、b1、c1相的另一端通过融冰连接刀闸Sa与待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的一端对应连接,待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的另一端与融冰短接刀闸Sc的对应端连接。
上述模块化多电平换流器MMC为三相六桥臂结构,每个桥臂由一个电抗器Lc和N个全桥子模块SM串联组成,N为正整数,每个全桥子模块的内部结构相 同;每相上下桥臂电抗器同向串联连接,即上桥臂电抗器Lc的非同名端和下桥臂的同名端连接在一起后与连接电抗器Ls的对应相连接,三个上桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧正极,三个下桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧负极。
上述采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC中的全桥子模块可采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块,或采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块,或采用多全控型器件并联的全桥子模块。
实施例3:
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构与实施例1或实施例2相同,其中的模块化多电平换流器MMC中的全桥子模块采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块,采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块的结构示意图如图5所示,包括四个全控型器件S1、S2、S3、S4,四个二极管D1、D2、D3、D4,一个电容C,一个晶闸管SCR,一个快速开关Ks,全控型器件S1与二极管D1反向并联,全控型器件S2与二极管D2反向并联,全控型器件S3与二极管D3反向并联,全控型器件S4与二极管D4反向并联,即全控型器件正端与二极管负端连接,全控型器件负端与二极管正端连接;全控型器件S1的负端与全控型器件S2的正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的一端,全控型器件S3的负端与全控型器件S4的正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的另一端;全控型器件S1的正端及全控型器件S3的正端与电容器C的一端连接,全控型器件S4的负端及全控型器件S2的负端与电容器C的另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端;晶闸管SCR连接于所述全桥子模块两端。
实施例4:
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构与实施例1或实施例2相同,其中的模块化多电平换流器MMC中的全桥子模块采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块,采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块的结构示意图如图6所示,包括有八个全控型器件S11、S21、S31、S41、S12、S22、S32、S42,八个二极管D11、D21、D31、D41、D12、D22、D32、D42,一个电容C,一个晶闸管SCR,一个快速开关Ks,其中全控型器件S11与二极管D11反向并联,全控型器件S21与二极管D21反向并联,全控型器件S31与二极管D31反向并联,全控型器件S41与二极管D41反向并联,全控型器件S12与二极管D12反向并联,全控型器件S22与二极管D22反向并联,全控型器件S32与二极管D32反向并联,全控型器件S42 与二极管D42反向并联;全控型器件S11的负端及全控型器件S12的负端与全控型器件S21正端及全控型器件S22的正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的一端,全控型器件S31的负端及全控型器件S32负端与全控型器件S41的正端及全控型器件S42正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的另一端;全控型器件S11的正端及全控型器件S12的正端与全控型器件S31的正端及全控型器件S32的正端连接,且与电容器C的一端连接,全控型器件S41的负端及全控型器件S42的负端与全控型器件S21负端及全控型器件S22的负端连接,且与电容器C另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全桥子模块两端;晶闸管SCR连接于所述全桥子模块的两端,即将采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型器件-二极管反并联对改为两个并联的全控型器件-二极管反并联对。
实施例5:
本发明的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的结构与实施例1或实施例2相同,其中的模块化多电平换流器MMC中的全桥子模块采用多个全控型器件并联,采用多个全控型器件并联的全桥子模块的结构示意图如图7所示,即将采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型器件-二极管反并联对改为多并联的全控型器件-二极管反并联对。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,包括:至少一个基本换流单元;所述基本换流单元包括:隔离刀闸K,断路器QF,连接电抗器Ls,采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC,刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4,平波电抗器Ld1、Ld2;
    其中,所述模块化多电平换流器MMC、所述连接电抗器Ls及所述刀闸K1、K2、K3、K4都包括有a、b、c三相,且三相结构完全相同;
    其中,所述连接电抗器Ls的一端通过隔离刀闸K和断路器QF接在交流侧母线上,另一端与采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC的交流输入端对应相分别连接,即a相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相上下桥臂的连接点相连,b相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相上下桥臂的连接点相连,c相连接电抗器Ls与模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相上下桥臂的连接点相连,刀闸K1的一端与模块化多电平换流器MMC各相上桥臂的上端分别相连,刀闸K1另一端三相短接后与平波电抗器Ld1的一端连接;刀闸K4一端的三相与模块化多电平换流器MMC各相下桥臂的下端分别相连,刀闸4另一端三相短接后与平波电抗器Ld2的一端连接;刀闸K2的a相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相上桥臂上端和b相上桥臂下端,刀闸K2的b相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相上桥臂上端和c相上桥臂下端,刀闸K2的c相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相上桥臂上端和a相上桥臂下端;刀闸K3的a相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的a相下桥臂上端和b相下桥臂下端,刀闸K3的b相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的b相下桥臂上端和c相下桥臂下端,刀闸K3的c相的两端分别连接模块化多电平换流器MMC的c相下桥臂上端和a相下桥臂下端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述基本换流单元还连接有刀闸Sd1、Sd2、Sd3、Sd4,融冰连接刀闸Sa及融冰短接刀闸Sc,刀闸Sd1的一端与刀闸Sd2的一端连接后再与平波电抗器Ld1的另一端连接,刀闸Sd3的一端与刀闸Sd4的一端连接后再与平波电抗器Ld2的另一端连接,刀闸Sd1的另一端与站内融冰母线B的a1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd2 的另一端与刀闸Sd3的另一端连接后再与站内融冰母线B的b1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd4的另一端与站内融冰母线B的c1相的一端连接,站内融冰母线B的a1、b1、c1相的另一端通过融冰连接刀闸Sa与待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的一端对应连接,待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的另一端与融冰短接刀闸Sc的对应端连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述装置包括有M个基本换流单元,其中M为正整数;M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld1的一端连接在一起,M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld2的一端连接在一起,刀闸Sd1的一端与刀闸Sd2的一端连接后再与M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld1的另一端连接,刀闸Sd3的一端与刀闸Sd4的一端连接后再与M个基本换流单元的平波电抗器Ld2的另一端连接,刀闸Sd1的另一端与站内融冰母线B的a1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd2的另一端与Sd3的另一端连接后再与站内融冰母线B的b1相的一端连接,刀闸Sd4的另一端与站内融冰母线B的c1相的一端连接,站内融冰母线B的a1、b1、c1相的另一端通过融冰连接刀闸Sa与待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的一端对应连接,待融冰交流线路L的a2、b2、c2相的另一端与融冰短接刀闸Sc的对应端连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述模块化多电平换流器MMC为三相六桥臂结构,每个桥臂由一个电抗器Lc和N个全桥子模块SM串联组成,N为正整数,每个全桥子模块的内部结构相同;每相上下桥臂电抗器同向串联连接,即上桥臂电抗器Lc的非同名端和下桥臂的同名端连接在一起后与连接电抗器Ls的对应相连接,三个上桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧正极,三个下桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧负极。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述采用全桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器MMC中的全桥子模块采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块,或采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块,或采用多全控型器件并联的全桥子模块。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块包括四个全控型器件S1、S2、S3、S4,四个二极管D1、D2、D3、D4,一个电容C,一个晶闸管SCR,一个快速开关Ks, 全控型器件S1与二极管D1反向并联,全控型器件S2与二极管D2反向并联,全控型器件S3与二极管D3反向并联,全控型器件S4与二极管D4反向并联,即全控型器件正端与二极管负端连接,全控型器件负端与二极管正端连接;全控型器件S1的负端与全控型器件S2的正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的一端,全控型器件S3的负端与全控型器件S4的正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的另一端;全控型器件S1的正端及全控型器件S3的正端与电容器C的一端连接,全控型器件S4的负端及全控型器件S2的负端与电容器C的另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端;晶闸管SCR连接于所述全桥子模块两端。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述采用双全控型器件并联的全桥子模块包括有八个全控型器件S11、S21、S31、S41、S12、S22、S32、S42,八个二极管D11、D21、D31、D41、D12、D22、D32、D42,一个电容C,一个晶闸管SCR,一个快速开关Ks,其中全控型器件S11与二极管D11反向并联,全控型器件S21与二极管D21反向并联,全控型器件S31与二极管D31反向并联,全控型器件S41与二极管D41反向并联,全控型器件S12与二极管D12反向并联,全控型器件S22与二极管D22反向并联,全控型器件S32与二极管D32反向并联,全控型器件S42与二极管D42反向并联;全控型器件S11的负端及全控型器件S12的负端与全控型器件S21正端及全控型器件S22的正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的一端,全控型器件S31的负端及全控型器件S32负端与全控型器件S41的正端及全控型器件S42正端连接构成所述全桥子模块的另一端;全控型器件S11的正端及全控型器件S12的正端与全控型器件S31的正端及全控型器件S32的正端连接,且与电容器C的一端连接,全控型器件S41的负端及全控型器件S42的负端与全控型器件S21负端及全控型器件S22的负端连接,且与电容器C另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全桥子模块两端;晶闸管SCR连接于所述全桥子模块的两端,即将采用单全控型器件的全桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型器件-二极管反并联对改为两个并联的全控型器件-二极管反并联对。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置,其特征在于:所述采用多全控型器件并联的全桥子模块即将采用单个全控型器件的全桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型器件-二极管反并联对改为多个并联的全控型器件-二 极管反并联对。
  9. 一种电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,其特征在于:不同功能模式的转换方法如下:
    1)“一相对一相”融冰模式:a2相导线和b2相导线串联融冰时,刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1和Sd3闭合,Sd2和Sd4断开;融冰连接刀闸Sa闭合;融冰短接刀闸闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
    2)“两相对一相”融冰模式:a2、b2相导线并联后再与c2相导线串联融冰时,刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1、Sd2、Sd4闭合,Sd3断开;融冰连接刀闸Sa闭合;融冰短接刀闸闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
    3)直流侧开路加压试验模式:刀闸K1、K4闭合,刀闸K2、K3断开;Sd1、Sd2、Sd3、Sd4断开;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合;
    4)静止同步补偿模式:刀闸K1、K4断开,刀闸K2、K3闭合;隔离刀闸K和断路器QF闭合,一个基本换流单元为两台并联的三角形连接的链式静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电压源型直流融冰兼静止同步补偿装置的控制方法,其特征在于当处于“一相对一相”融冰模式和“一相对两相”融冰模式时,包括如下控制步骤:
    1)根据模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流指令值Idc_ord和模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧回路直流电阻Rdc_loop计算模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref
    Udc_ref=Idc_ordRloop   (1);
    2)将模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流指令值Idc_ord减去模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电流实测值Idc,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
    3)将模块化多电平换流器MMC无功功率指令值Qord减去无功功率实测值Q,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧输出电流 无功轴分量给定值参考值Iqref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;其中无功功率指令值Qord由人工设定或者控制器根据设计逻辑计算得出,无功功率实测值Q根据模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧电压(usa、usb和usc)和电流(ia、ib和ic)计算得出;
    4)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流ia、ib和ic进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到交流侧电流有功轴分量实测值id和无功轴分量实测值iq
    将模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧三相电压usa、usb和usc进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd和无功轴分量实测值usq
    其中,变换矩阵Pabc/dq形式为
    Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-100001
    其中θ=ω0t,ω0为电网基波频率,t为时间。
    5)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref减去实测值id得到电流有功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后减去前馈量ω0Liq,再减去连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref减去实测值iq得到电流无功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后加上前馈量ω0Lid,再加上电压无功轴分量实测值usq,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
    所述L为等效交流网侧电抗,为桥臂电抗Lc的1/2加上连接电抗Ls,即
    Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-100002
    6)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref和电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref进行派克(Park)逆变换,即乘以变换矩阵
    Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-100003
    得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧三相电压参考值uca_ref、ucb_ref和ucc_ref;其中,变换矩阵
    Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-100004
    的形式为
    Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-100005
    7)用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相上桥臂电压的参考值upa_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompb_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相上桥臂电压的参考值upb_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompc_ref,再减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相上桥臂电压的参考值upc_ref;用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的a相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相下桥臂电压的参考值una_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的b相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompb_ref, 再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相下桥臂电压的参考值unb_ref;用直流侧电压参考值Udc_ref的1/2减去用于环流抑制的c相桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompc_ref,再加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相下桥臂电压的参考值unc_ref
    其中,环流抑制采用利用二倍基波频率负序旋转坐标对检测到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电流ipa、ipb、ipc、ina、inb和inc进行处理后在通过比例积分器和前馈补偿得到用于环流抑制的桥臂参考电压补偿量Ucompa_ref、Ucompb_ref和Ucompc_ref
    8)得到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电压参考值upa_ref、upb_ref、upc_ref、una_ref、unb_ref和unc_ref通过脉宽调制方法,生成的触发脉冲来控制相应六个桥臂上各个子模块中全控型器件的开通和关断,使得桥臂电压实际值与桥臂电压参考值相同,实现对各个桥臂电压的控制;
    静止同步补偿当处于直流侧开路加压试验模式时,包括如下控制步骤:
    1)将模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord减去模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压实测值Udc,得到误差,对其进行信号处理后得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
    2)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流ia、ib和ic进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到交流侧电流有功轴分量实测值id和无功轴分量实测值iq
    将模块化多电平换流器MMC连接电抗器Ls网侧三相电压usa、usb和usc进行派克(Park)变换,即乘以变换矩阵Pabc/dq,得到连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功 轴分量实测值usd和无功轴分量实测值usq
    3)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流有功轴分量参考值Idref减去实测值id得到电流有功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后减去前馈量ω0Liq,再减去连接电抗器Ls网侧电压有功轴分量实测值usd,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;在该直流侧开路加压试验模式下,设定模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电流无功轴分量参考值Iqref为零,将其减去实测值iq得到电流无功轴分量误差值,对其进行信号处理后加上前馈量ω0Lid,再加上电压无功轴分量实测值usq,得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref;所述信号处理方法为比例积分调节;
    4)将模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压有功轴分量参考值ucd_ref和电压无功轴分量参考值ucq_ref进行派克(Park)逆变换,即乘以变换矩阵
    Figure PCTCN2015079557-appb-100006
    得到模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧三相电压参考值uca_ref、ucb_ref和ucc_ref
    5)用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相上桥臂电压的参考值upa_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相上桥臂电压的参考值upb_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2减去模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相上桥臂电压的参考值upc_ref
    用模块化多电平换流器MMC直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压a相参考值uca_ref,得到a相下桥臂电压的参考值 una_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压b相参考值ucb_ref,得到b相下桥臂电压的参考值unb_ref;用直流侧电压指令值Udc_ord的1/2加上模块化多电平换流器MMC交流侧电压c相参考值ucc_ref,得到c相下桥臂电压的参考值unc_ref
    6)得到的模块化多电平换流器MMC上下桥臂电压参考值upa_ref、upb_ref、upc_ref、una_ref、unb_ref和unc_ref通过脉宽调制方法,生成的触发脉冲来控制相应六个桥臂上各个子模块中全控型器件的开通和关断,使得桥臂电压实际值与桥臂电压参考值相同,实现对各个桥臂电压的控制。
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