WO2015131517A1 - 基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置及其控制方法 - Google Patents

基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2015131517A1
WO2015131517A1 PCT/CN2014/087160 CN2014087160W WO2015131517A1 WO 2015131517 A1 WO2015131517 A1 WO 2015131517A1 CN 2014087160 W CN2014087160 W CN 2014087160W WO 2015131517 A1 WO2015131517 A1 WO 2015131517A1
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full
ice
bridge
parallel
melting
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PCT/CN2014/087160
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English (en)
French (fr)
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傅闯
饶宏
汪娟娟
许树楷
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南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2015131517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015131517A1/zh
Priority to US14/941,698 priority Critical patent/US10516257B2/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/16Devices for removing snow or ice from lines or cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227Applications
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0014Devices wherein the heating current flows through particular resistances
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0019Circuit arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02Details
    • H05B3/06Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC ice melting device based on a voltage source type converter and a control method thereof, in particular to a DC ice melting device and a control method thereof based on a modular multilevel converter of a full H bridge submodule, It belongs to the innovative technology of DC ice melting application for transmission line transmission lines.
  • ice storms are one of the most serious threats. Compared with other accidents, the damage caused by the ice disaster to the power grid is often more serious. Light ice flashes, and the heavy tower will cause the tower to be broken or even the power grid.
  • the above two kinds of DC ice melting devices adopt the thyristor controllable rectification technology, which consumes certain reactive power and generates characteristic subharmonics during operation, which has certain influence on the access communication system.
  • the DC ice-melting device without a dedicated rectifier transformer can only use 6-pulse rectification, and the harmonic pollution during operation is serious.
  • the actual load of the site needs to transfer the load of its access point to other busbars.
  • 96-101 proposes a dual-star full-bridge modular multi-level converter (DSBC-MMC) DC ice-melting device adopts zero-sequence voltage injection modulation principle for DC voltage control; the topology proposed by this scheme is only a simple rectifier, not a complete DC ice-melting device; the full bridge sub-module used does not Bypass circuit, no smoothing reactor is set on the DC side, can not be used for actual engineering; full bridge submodule uses a single shut-off device, the output DC current is limited, can only be used for melting ice on 220kV and below transmission lines; The DC voltage and current control methods do not guarantee the power quality of the AC side.
  • DSBC-MMC modular multi-level converter
  • the above-mentioned DC-based ice-melting devices based on voltage source converters can only be used for 220kV, even The melting of the lower voltage level transmission line can not meet the needs of the DC ice-melting device for the zero-side rise and zero-boost on the DC side.
  • the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based on H-bridge has been widely used.
  • the Southern Power Grid is in 500kV Dongguan Substation, Water Town Substation, Beijiao Substation and Kapok. Each substation is equipped with a STATCOM with a capacity of ⁇ 200MVAr.
  • the semi-H-bridge modular multi-level converter (MMC) has also been applied in the field of flexible DC transmission and has demonstrated obvious technical advantages.
  • the reliability of modular multilevel converters is gradually increasing and prices are gradually decreasing.
  • the modular multi-level converter based on the full H-bridge sub-module has the bidirectional operation capability of DC voltage and DC current, which can meet the requirements of DC ice-melting on the operating conditions of the converter, and can be applied to DC melting ice.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a DC ice melting device based on a voltage source type inverter, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art thyristor direct current ice melting device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a DC-based ice-melting device based on a voltage source type converter that ensures that the DC ice-melting device satisfies the safe and rapid melting demand of each line and ensures the power quality of the AC system. method.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: the DC ice melting device based on the voltage source converter of the present invention, comprising a connected reactor Lac, a modular multilevel converter VSC based on a full H bridge submodule, a smoothing reactance Ldc1, Ldc2, ice melting knife gates S1, S2, S3, S4, melting ice bus B, melting ice AC line L, wherein one end of the connected reactor Lac is connected to the AC side busbar through the isolating knife K and the circuit breaker QF.
  • the other end and the module based on the full H bridge submodule The input end of the block multi-level converter VSC is connected, and the output end of the modular multi-level converter VSC based on the full H-bridge sub-module is respectively connected with one end of the smoothing reactors Ldc1 and Ldc2, and the ice-melting knife gate S1 is connected.
  • One end of the S2 is connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ldc1
  • one end of the ice melting knife gates S3 and S4 is connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ldc2, and the other end of the ice melting knife gate S1 and the ice melting bus B are connected.
  • One end of the a phase is connected, and the other end of the ice melting knife gates S2 and S3 is connected to one end of the b phase of the melting ice bus B, and the other end of the ice melting knife gate S4 is connected to one end of the c phase of the melting ice bus B.
  • the other ends of the a, b, and c phases of the ice bus B are connected to one ends of the a, b, and c phases of the ice melting AC line L, and the other ends of the a, b, and c phases of the ice melting AC line are shorted together. .
  • the above-mentioned modular multi-level converter VSC based on the full H-bridge sub-module is a three-phase six-bridge arm structure, and each bridge arm is composed of a reactor L and a plurality of full H-bridge sub-modules SM connected in series, each phase of the upper and lower bridges
  • One end of the arm reactor L is connected and connected to the connected reactor Lac, and the other ends of the three upper arms are connected to form a DC side positive pole, and the other ends of the three lower arms are connected to form a DC side negative pole.
  • the full H-bridge sub-module in the above-mentioned modular H-sub-module-based modular multi-level converter adopts a full H-bridge module of a single fully-controlled power electronic device, or uses multiple fully-controlled power electronic devices in parallel. Full H-bridge module.
  • the above all-H-bridge module using a single fully-controlled power electronic device includes four fully-controlled power electronic devices S1, S2, S3, S4, four diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, one capacitor C, two Thyristor SCR1, SCR2, a fast switch Ks, full-control power electronic device S1 and diode D1 are connected in anti-parallel, S2 and D2 are connected in anti-parallel, S3 and D3 are connected in anti-parallel, S4 and D4 are connected in anti-parallel, that is, fully-controlled power
  • the positive terminal of the electronic device is connected to the negative terminal of the diode, and the negative terminal of the fully controlled power electronic device is connected with the positive terminal of the diode; the thyristor SCR1 In parallel with SCR2, the positive terminal of SCR1 is connected to the negative terminal of SCR2, and the negative terminal of SCR1 is connected to the positive terminal of SCR2.
  • the negative terminal of fully-controlled power electronic device S1 is connected with the positive terminal of S2 to form the full H-bridge module.
  • the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S3 is connected to the positive terminal of the S4 to form the other end of the full-H bridge module;
  • the positive terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S1 and the positive terminal of the S3 and the capacitor C Connected at one end, the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S4 and the negative terminal of S2 are connected to the other end of the capacitor C;
  • the fast switch Ks is connected to both ends of the full H-bridge module;
  • the anti-parallel composed of SCR1 and SCR2 A pair of thyristors are connected to both ends of the full H-bridge module.
  • the above all-H-bridge module using two fully-controlled power electronic devices in parallel includes eight fully-controlled power electronic devices S11, S21, S31, S41, S12, S22, S32, S42, and eight diodes D11 and D21. , D31, D41, D12, D22, D32, D42, a capacitor C, two thyristors SCR1, SCR2, a fast switch Ks, wherein the fully controlled power electronic device S11 and the diode D11 are connected in anti-parallel, S21 and D21 are connected in anti-parallel S31 and D31 are connected in parallel, S41 and D41 are connected in parallel, S12 and D12 are connected in parallel, S22 and D22 are connected in parallel, S32 and D22 are connected in parallel, S42 and D42 are connected in parallel, and thyristor SCR1 and SCR2 are connected in parallel.
  • the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S11 and the negative terminal of S12 are connected with the positive terminal of S21 and the positive terminal of S22 to form one end of the full H-bridge parallel sub-module, and the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S31 and The negative end of S32 is connected to the positive end of S41 and the positive end of S42 to form the other end of the full H-type bridge module; the positive end of the fully-controlled power electronic device S11 and the positive end of S12 and the positive end of S31 and the positive end of S32 The terminal is connected and connected to one end of the capacitor C, and the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S41 and the S4
  • the negative terminal of 2 is connected to the negative terminal of S21 and the negative terminal of S22, and is connected to the other end of capacitor C;
  • the fast switch Ks is connected to both ends of the full H-bridge module;
  • the anti-parallel thyristor pair composed of SCR1 and SCR2 is connected to Both ends of the
  • a fully-controlled power electronic device-diode anti-parallel pair corresponding to the position of the full H-bridge module of a single fully-controlled power electronic device is changed to three parallel-connected fully-controlled power electronic devices-diode anti-parallel pairs.
  • a fully-controlled power electronic device-diode anti-parallel pair corresponding to the position of the full H-type bridge module of a single fully-controlled power electronic device is changed to a plurality of parallel fully-controlled power electronic devices-diode anti-parallel pairs.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a DC ice melting device of a modular multilevel converter based on a full H bridge submodule, comprising the following steps:
  • V dc is the rated voltage of the full H bridge submodule
  • N max is the number of full H bridge submodules in a single bridge arm
  • U dc ⁇ rated is the rated DC voltage of the converter.
  • N plus N max -N minus (3)
  • the upper arm voltage U dc ⁇ up varies by [-N minus V DC , N max V DC ]
  • the lower arm voltage U dc ⁇ down varies by [N max V DC , -N minus V DC ].
  • the composition of the invention makes full use of the characteristics that the full H bridge module can output positive, zero and negative three module voltages, so that the DC side voltage of the converter can be continuously adjustable between the rated value and zero, and a set of DC melting
  • the ice device can meet the needs of a plurality of different lengths and different resistivity transmission lines for melting ice, meet the ice melting requirements of 10kV, 220kV, 500kV and UHV transmission lines, and meet the requirements of DC side uplift and zero rise step on the DC side, and In all operating conditions, the AC side power quality is guaranteed and has little impact on the AC system.
  • the control method of the basic DC ice melting device of the invention is simple and convenient.
  • the invention has reasonable design, convenient and practical design, and can be used for newly-built DC ice-melting project, and can also be used for upgrading and transforming a DC ice-melting device in a newly built DC ice-melting project, and has broad application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a DC ice melting device based on a voltage source type inverter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a modular multilevel converter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a full H-bridge sub-module using a single fully-controlled power electronic device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a full H-bridge sub-module in which two fully-controlled power electronic devices are connected in parallel according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a full H-bridge sub-module in which a plurality of fully-controlled power electronic devices are connected in parallel according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The schematic diagram of the DC ice melting device based on the voltage source converter of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , and includes a connected reactor Lac, a modular multilevel converter VSC based on a full H bridge submodule, and a flat wave.
  • the other end is connected to the input of the modular multilevel converter VSC based on the full H bridge submodule, and the output of the modular multilevel converter VSC based on the full H bridge submodule and the smoothing reactor Ldc1
  • One ends of the Ldc2 are respectively connected, and one end of the ice melting knife gates S1 and S2 is connected to the other end of the smoothing reactor Ldc1, and one end of the ice melting knife gates S3 and S4
  • the other end of the ice cream gate S1 is connected to one end of the a phase of the ice melting bus B, and the other end of the ice melting knife gates S2 and S3 is connected to one end of the b phase of the melting ice bus B, and the other end of the ice melting knife gate S4 is melted.
  • One end of the c-phase of the ice bus B is connected, and the other end of the a, b, and c phases of the ice bus B is melted with ice.
  • One ends of the a, b, and c phases of the AC line L are connected, and the other ends of the a, b, and c phases of the ice melting AC line L are shorted together.
  • the above-mentioned modular multi-level converter VSC based on the full H-bridge sub-module is a three-phase six-bridge arm structure, and each bridge arm is composed of a reactor L and a plurality of full H-bridge sub-modules SM connected in series, each phase of the upper and lower bridges
  • the arm has one end of the reactor L connected to and connected to the connected reactor Lac Connected, the other ends of the three upper arms are connected to form a DC-side positive pole, and the other ends of the three lower-arm arms are connected together to form a DC-side negative pole.
  • the full H-bridge sub-module in the above-described modular H-sub-module-based modular multi-level converter adopts a full H-bridge module of a single fully-controlled power electronic device.
  • the all-H-bridge module using the single fully-controlled power electronic device includes four fully-controlled power electronic devices S1, S2, S3, and S4, and four diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4.
  • Capacitor C, two thyristors SCR1, SCR2, one fast switch Ks, full-controlled power electronic device S1 and diode D1 are connected in anti-parallel, S2 and D2 are connected in parallel, S3 and D3 are connected in parallel, and S4 and D4 are connected in parallel.
  • the positive terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device is connected with the negative terminal of the diode, and the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device is connected with the positive terminal of the diode;
  • the thyristor SCR1 is connected in parallel with the SCR2, that is, the positive terminal of the SCR1 is connected with the negative terminal of the SCR2, and the negative terminal of the SCR1 is connected.
  • the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S1 is connected to the positive terminal of the S2 to form one end of the full-H bridge module, and the negative terminal of the fully-controlled power electronic device S3 is connected to the positive terminal of the S4.
  • the other end of the full H-type bridge module is formed; the positive end of the full-control power electronic device S1 and the positive end of S3 are connected to one end of the capacitor C, and the negative end of the fully-controlled power electronic device S4 and the negative end of S2 are The other end of the capacitor C is connected; the fast switch Ks is connected to the full H Both ends of the bridge module; an anti-parallel thyristor pair composed of SCR1 and SCR2 is connected to both ends of the full H-bridge module.
  • the method for controlling a DC ice melting device based on a voltage source type inverter comprises the following steps:
  • V dc is the rated voltage of the full H bridge submodule
  • N max is the number of full H bridge submodules in a single bridge arm
  • U dc ⁇ rated is the rated DC voltage of the converter.
  • N plus N max -N minus (3)
  • the upper arm voltage U dc ⁇ up varies by [-N minus V DC , N max V DC ]
  • the lower arm voltage U dc ⁇ down varies by [N max V DC , -N minus V DC ].
  • the DC-type ice-melting device based on the voltage source type inverter of the present invention is different from Embodiment 1 in that it is a fully-controlled power electronic device-diode corresponding to the position of the full-H bridge module of a single fully-controlled power electronic device.
  • the anti-parallel pair is changed to two parallel-connected fully-controlled power electronic devices-diode anti-parallel pairs, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the DC-type ice-melting device based on the voltage source type inverter of the present invention is different from Embodiment 1 in that it is a fully-controlled power electronic device-diode corresponding to the position of the full-H bridge module of a single fully-controlled power electronic device.
  • the anti-parallel pair is changed to a plurality of parallel connected fully-controlled power electronic devices - diode anti-parallel pairs, as shown in Figure 5.

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Abstract

一种基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,包括连接电抗器、模块化多电平换流器、平波电抗器、融冰刀闸、融冰母线和融冰交流线路,其中模块化多电平换流器的交流侧通过连接电抗器、隔离刀闸和断路器连接在交流侧母线上,直流侧通过平波电抗器、融冰刀闸、融冰母线与融冰交流线路连接。该直流融冰装置不需要专用变压器,充分利用了全H桥模块可输出正、零、负三种模块电压的特性,使得模块化多电平换流器直流侧电压、电流均可在额定值与零之间连续可调;一套该直流融冰装置可满足多条不同长度、不同电阻率输电线路融冰的需要,在所有运行工况中,交流电能质量均可得到保证。该直流融冰装置的控制方法简单方便。

Description

基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明是涉及基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置及其控制方法,特别是一种基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器的直流融冰装置及其控制方法,属于输电网输电线路直流融冰应用的创新技术。
背景技术
电力***遭受的各种自然灾害中,冰灾是最严重的威胁之一。与其它事故相比,冰灾给电网造成的损失往往更为严重,轻则发生冰闪,重则会造成倒塔断线,甚至电网瘫痪。
近年来,全球各类气象灾害更为频繁,极端天气气候事件更显异常,冰灾造成电力***的损失和影响更趋严重,破坏程度越来越强,影响也越来越复杂,应对难度也越来越大。如1921年10月瑞典冰灾、1972年1月美国哥伦比亚州冰灾、1998年1月美国东北部和加拿大东南部冰灾、1999年12月法国冰灾、瑞典南部2005年1月冰灾、德国2005年11月冰灾。
受大气候、微地形、微气象条件的影响,我国冰灾事故频繁发生,电网受到的影响越来越严重。2005年初,华中地区历史上罕见的低温雨雪冰冻天气给我国华中、华北电网造成严重的灾害。2008年初,低温雨雪冰冻天气袭击我国南方、华中、华东地区,导致贵州、湖南、广东、云南、广西和江西等省输电线路大面积、长时间停运,给国民经济和人民生活造成巨大损失。2011年1月,贵州省、湖南省、江西省、广西桂北地区、广东粤北地区和云南滇东北地区的输变 电设施相继出现覆冰险情,先后导致多条线路和变电站。2012年初、2013年初我国电网都不同程度受到覆冰的影响。
2008年冰灾后,我国电力科技工作者自主进行了直流融冰技术及装置的研发,成功研发出了具有完全自主知识产权的大功率直流融冰装置,主要包括带专用整流变压器直流融冰装置(ZL201010140060.5)和不带专用整流变压器的直流融冰装置(ZL201010140086.X),进而在全国进行了推广应用,到目前为止,共有约100余套直流融冰装置投入运行,其中南方电网内布置有80多套。
2009年-2014年的各个覆冰期中,南方电网应用直流融冰装置对110kV及以上架空线路实施直流融冰400多次,保证了线路和电网的安全,湖南、四川、江西和浙江等地也有一定的应用。
上述两种直流融冰装置均采用了晶闸管可控整流技术,在运行中均会消耗一定的无功、产生特征次谐波,给接入交流***带来一定的影响。特别是不带专用整流变压器的直流融冰装置,只能采用6脉波整流,运行时谐波污染严重,现场实际应用时需将其接入点的负荷转移到其它母线。
自2008年开始,本项目组和国内其他同行就开始了基于可关断电力电子器件直流融冰装置的研究,但由于可关断电力电子器件价格昂贵,且基于可关断电力电子器件的电压源型换流器自身特点,至今为止,国内外均还没有成功研发出可代替基于晶闸管技术的、经济实用的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置。赵国帅,李兴源,傅闯,等.线路交直流融冰技术综述[J].电力***保护与控制,2011,39(14):148-154页中提出了直流融冰兼STATCOM功能的直流融冰装置方案,但该方案只能满足低压交流输电线路融冰需求。李 澍森,左文霞,石延辉,等.直流融冰技术探讨[J].电力设备,2008,9(6):20-24页中提出的采用柔性直流输电技术进行直流融冰的方案,无论是IGBT直接串联,还是采用MMC,其直流侧的工作电压都必须高于交流整流电压才能避免出现PWM过调制,调节很非常有限,无法满足不同线路长度和不同电阻率导线的融冰需求。范瑞祥,孙旻,贺之渊,等.江西电网移动式直流融冰装置设计及其***试验[J].电力***自动化,2009,33(15):67-71页、刘栋,贺之渊,范瑞祥,等.可关断器件移动式直流融冰装置研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(3):228-233页及敬华兵,年晓红,罗文广.一种兼具融冰功能的柔性直流输电换流站的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):65-73页中提出了一种基于直流斩波单元串联的电压源逆变器(VSC)型直流融冰装置,通过移相变压器和PWM整流来获得好的谐波特性,利用单元串联实现直流高压输出,并通过采用斩波电路来保证输出直流电压宽范围连续可调。使用移相变压器增加了装置的体积和占地要求,三相PWM整流加直流斩波的单元结构过于复杂,成本高、占地面积大、损耗大、可靠性较差。梅红明,刘建政,新型模块化多电平直流融冰装置.电力***自动化,2013,37(16):96-101中提出了一种采用双星接全桥型模块化多电平变流器(DSBC-MMC)的直流融冰装置,采用了零序电压注入调制原理进行直流电压控制;该方案提出的拓扑只是一个简单的整流器,不是一个完整直流融冰装置;使用的全桥子模块没有旁路回路,直流侧没有设置平波电抗器,不能用于实际工程;全桥子模块使用单个可关断器件,输出直流电流受限,只能用于220kV及以下的输电线路融冰;采用的直流电压和电流控制方法不能保证交流侧电能质量。上述提出的这些基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置均只能用于220kV,甚至 更低电压等级输电线路的融冰,也无法满足直流融冰装置对直流侧零起升流和零起升压的需要。
近几年来,电压源型换流器已经取得了长足的进步,基于H桥的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)已经得到较为广泛的应用,南方电网在500kV东莞变电站、水乡变电站、北郊变电站和木棉变电站各安装了容量为±200MVAr的STATCOM。基于半H桥模块化多电平变流器(MMC)也已应用于柔性直流输电领域并展现出明显的技术优势,世界上首个应用MMC技术的VSC-HVDC工程Trans Bay Cable 2010年3月在美国正式投运,世界首个多端柔性直流输电工程——南澳±160千伏多端柔性直流输电示范工程已于2013年12月投入运行。模块化多电平变流器的可靠性在逐步提高,价格在逐步下降。基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器具有直流电压和直流电流双向运行能力,可满足直流融冰对换流器运行工况的要求,将其应用于直流融冰,可克服现有基于晶闸管直流融冰装置缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有基于晶闸管直流融冰装置的缺点而提供一种基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置。
本发明的另一目的在于考虑上述问题而提供一种确保直流融冰装置满足各线路安全快速融冰需求、确保接入交流***电能质量的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置的控制方法。
本发明的技术方案是:本发明的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,包括有连接电抗器Lac,基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC,平波电抗器Ldc1、Ldc2,融冰刀闸S1、S2、S3、S4,融冰母线B、融冰交流线路L,其中连接电抗器Lac的一端通过隔离刀闸K和断路器QF接在交流侧母线上,另一端与基于全H桥子模块的模 块化多电平换流器VSC的输入端连接,基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC的输出端与平波电抗器Ldc1、Ldc2的一端分别连接,融冰刀闸S1、S2的一端连接后与平波电抗器Ldc1的另一端连接,融冰刀闸S3、S4的一端连接后与平波电抗器Ldc2的另一端连接,融冰刀闸S1的另一端与融冰母线B的a相的一端连接,融冰刀闸S2和S3的另一端连接后与融冰母线B的b相的一端连接,融冰刀闸S4的另一端与融冰母线B的c相的一端连接,融冰母线B的a、b、c相的另一端与融冰交流线路L的a、b、c相的一端对应连接,融冰交流线路L的a、b、c相的另一端短接在一起。
上述直流融冰装置的直流侧无接地点。
上述基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC为三相六桥臂结构,每个桥臂由一个电抗器L和若干个全H桥子模块SM串联组成,每相上下桥臂有电抗器L的一端连接后与连接电抗器Lac对应相连接,三个上桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧正极,三个下桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧负极。
上述基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器中的全H桥子模块采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块,或采用多个全控型电力电子器件并联的全H型桥子模块。
上述采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块包括四个全控型电力电子器件S1、S2、S3、S4,四个二极管D1、D2、D3、D4,一个电容C,两个晶闸管SCR1、SCR2,一个快速开关Ks,全控型电力电子器件S1与二极管D1反向并联,S2与D2反向并联,S3与D3反向并联,S4与D4反向并联,即全控型电力电子器件正端与二极管负端连接,全控型电力电子器件负端与二极管正端连接;晶闸管SCR1 与SCR2反向并联,即SCR1正端与SCR2负端连接,SCR1负端与SCR2正端连接;全控型电力电子器件S1的负端与S2的正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的一端,全控型电力电子器件S3的负端与S4的正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的另一端;全控型电力电子器件S1的正端及S3的正端与电容器C一端连接,全控型电力电子器件S4的负端及S2的负端与电容器C的另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端;SCR1与SCR2组成的反并联晶闸管对连接于所述全H型桥子模块两端。
上述采用两个全控型电力电子器件并联的全H型桥子模块包括有八个全控型电力电子器件S11、S21、S31、S41、S12、S22、S32、S42,八个二极管D11、D21、D31、D41、D12、D22、D32、D42,一个电容C,两个晶闸管SCR1、SCR2,一个快速开关Ks,其中全控型电力电子器件S11与二极管D11反向并联,S21与D21反向并联,S31与D31反向并联,S41与D41反向并联,S12与D12反向并联,S22与D22反向并联,S32与D32反向并联,S42与D42反向并联;晶闸管SCR1与SCR2反向并联;全控型电力电子器件S11的负端及S12的负端与S21正端及S22的正端连接构成所述全H型桥并联子模块的一端,全控型电力电子器件S31的负端及S32负端与S41的正端及S42正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的另一端;全控型电力电子器件S11的正端及S12的正端与S31的正端及S32的正端连接,且与电容器C的一端连接,全控型电力电子器件S41的负端及S42的负端与S21负端及S22的负端连接,且与电容器C另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块两端;SCR1和SCR2组成的反并联晶闸管对连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端,即将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管 反并联对改为两个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对。
或将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为三个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对。
或将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为多个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对。
本发明基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器的直流融冰装置的控制方法,包括如下步骤:
1)根据融冰交流线路设计融冰电流Ideicing和直流侧回路直流电阻Rloop计算出基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC直流侧输出电压参考值Udc·ref
Udc·ref=IdeicingRloop  (1)
2)根据直流输出电压参考值确定各相上下桥臂中负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus
Figure PCTCN2014087160-appb-000001
式中,Vdc为全H桥子模块额定电压,Nmax为单个桥臂中全H桥子模块数目,Udc·rated为换流器额定直流电压。
3)各相上下桥臂中正向投入子模块SM的个数Nplus
Nplus=Nmax-Nminus  (3)
4)由此确定该工况下换流器VSC的电平数:
Figure PCTCN2014087160-appb-000002
即上桥臂电压Udc·up变化范围为[-NminusVDC,NmaxVDC],下桥臂电压Udc·down变化范围为[NmaxVDC,-NminusVDC]。
5)如融冰回路中的融冰电流小于设计融冰电流Ideicing,则将负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus加1,相应的正向投入子模块个数Nplus减1;如融冰回路中的融冰电流大于设计融冰电流Ideicing,则将负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus减1,相应的正向投入子模块个数Nplus加1。
本发明的构成充分利用了全H桥子模块可输出正、零、负的三种模块电压的特性,使得换流器直流侧电压可以在额定值与零之间连续可调,一套直流融冰装置可满足多条不同长度、不同电阻率输电线路融冰需要,满足10kV、220kV、500kV及特高压输电线路的融冰需要,符合直流侧零起升流和零起升压的要求,且在所有运行工况中,交流侧电能质量均可得到保证,对交流***几乎没有影响。本发明基直流融冰装置的控制方法简单方便。本发明设计合理,方便实用,既可用于新建直流融冰工程,也可用于已建新建直流融冰工程中直流融冰装置的升级改造,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明专利进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明基于模块化多电平换流器的结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H桥子模块的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例2采用两个全控型电力电子器件并联的全H桥子模块的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例3采用多个全控型电力电子器件并联的全H桥子模块的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本发明的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置的结构示意图如图1所示,包括有连接电抗器Lac,基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC,平波电抗器Ldc1、Ldc2,融冰刀闸S1、S2、S3、S4,融冰母线B、融冰交流线路L,其中连接电抗器Lac的一端通过隔离刀闸K和断路器QF接在交流侧母线上,另一端与基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC的输入端连接,基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC的输出端与平波电抗器Ldc1、Ldc2的一端分别连接,融冰刀闸S1、S2的一端连接后与平波电抗器Ldc1的另一端连接,融冰刀闸S3、S4的一端连接后与平波电抗器Ldc2的另一端连接,融冰刀闸S1的另一端与融冰母线B的a相的一端连接,融冰刀闸S2和S3的另一端连接后与融冰母线B的b相的一端连接,融冰刀闸S4的另一端与融冰母线B的c相的一端连接,融冰母线B的a、b、c相的另一端与融冰交流线路L的a、b、c相的一端对应连接,融冰交流线路L的a、b、c相的另一端短接在一起。
上述直流融冰装置的直流侧无接地点。
上述基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC为三相六桥臂结构,每个桥臂由一个电抗器L和若干个全H桥子模块SM串联组成,每相上下桥臂有电抗器L的一端连接后与连接电抗器Lac对应相连 接,三个上桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧正极,三个下桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧负极。
上述基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器中的全H桥子模块采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块。
本实施例中,上述采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块包括四个全控型电力电子器件S1、S2、S3、S4,四个二极管D1、D2、D3、D4,一个电容C,两个晶闸管SCR1、SCR2,一个快速开关Ks,全控型电力电子器件S1与二极管D1反向并联,S2与D2反向并联,S3与D3反向并联,S4与D4反向并联,即全控型电力电子器件正端与二极管负端连接,全控型电力电子器件负端与二极管正端连接;晶闸管SCR1与SCR2反向并联,即SCR1正端与SCR2负端连接,SCR1负端与SCR2正端连接;全控型电力电子器件S1的负端与S2的正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的一端,全控型电力电子器件S3的负端与S4的正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的另一端;全控型电力电子器件S1的正端及S3的正端与电容器C一端连接,全控型电力电子器件S4的负端及S2的负端与电容器C的另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端;SCR1与SCR2组成的反并联晶闸管对连接于所述全H型桥子模块两端。
本发明基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置的控制方法,包括如下步骤:
1)根据融冰交流线路设计融冰电流Ideicing和直流侧回路直流电阻Rloop计算出基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC直流侧输出电压参考值Udc·ref
Udc·ref=IdeicingRloop  (1)
2)根据直流输出电压参考值确定各相上下桥臂中负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus
Figure PCTCN2014087160-appb-000003
式中,Vdc为全H桥子模块额定电压,Nmax为单个桥臂中全H桥子模块数目,Udc·rated为换流器额定直流电压。
3)各相上下桥臂中正向投入子模块SM的个数Nplus
Nplus=Nmax-Nminus  (3)
4)由此确定该工况下换流器VSC的电平数:
Figure PCTCN2014087160-appb-000004
即上桥臂电压Udc·up变化范围为[-NminusVDC,NmaxVDC],下桥臂电压Udc·down变化范围为[NmaxVDC,-NminusVDC]。
5)如融冰回路中的融冰电流小于设计融冰电流Ideicing,则将负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus加1,相应的正向投入子模块个数Nplus减1;如融冰回路中的融冰电流大于设计融冰电流Ideicing,则将负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus减1,相应的正向投入子模块个数Nplus加1。
实施例2:
本发明的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置与实施例1的区别是将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为两个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对,如图4所示。
实施例3:
本发明的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置与实施例1的区别是将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为多个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对,如图5所示。

Claims (9)

  1. 基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于包括有连接电抗器Lac,基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC,平波电抗器Ldc1、Ldc2,融冰刀闸S1、S2、S3、S4,融冰母线B、融冰交流线路L,其中连接电抗器Lac的一端通过隔离刀闸K和断路器QF接在交流侧母线上,另一端与基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC的交流侧连接,基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC的直流侧与平波电抗器Ldc1、Ldc2的一端分别连接,融冰刀闸S1、S2的一端连接后与平波电抗器Ldc1的另一端连接,融冰刀闸S3、S4的一端连接后与平波电抗器Ldc2的另一端连接,融冰刀闸S1的另一端与融冰母线B的a相的一端连接,融冰刀闸S2和S3的另一端连接后与融冰母线B的b相的一端连接,融冰刀闸S4的另一端与融冰母线B的c相的一端连接,融冰母线B的a、b、c相的另一端与融冰交流线路L的a、b、c相的一端对应连接,融冰交流线路L的a、b、c相的另一端短接在一起。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于直流侧无接地点。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于上述基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC为三相六桥臂结构,每个桥臂由一个电抗器L和若干个全H桥子模块SM串联组成,每相上下桥臂有电抗器L的一端连接后与连接电抗器Lac的对应相连接,三个上桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧正极,三个下桥臂的另一端连接在一起构成直流侧负极。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于上述基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器中的全H桥子模块采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块,或采用多个全控型电力电子器件并联的全H型桥子模块。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于上述采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块包括四个全控型电力电子器件S1、S2、S3、S4,四个二极管D1、D2、D3、D4,一个电容C,两个晶闸管SCR1、SCR2,一个快速开关Ks,全控型电力电子器件S1与二极管D1反向并联,S2与D2反向并联,S3与D3反向并联,S4与D4反向并联,即全控型电力电子器件正端与二极管负端连接,全控型电力电子器件负端与二极管正端连接;晶闸管SCR1与SCR2反向并联,即SCR1正端与SCR2负端连接,SCR1负端与SCR2正端连接;全控型电力电子器件S1的负端与S2的正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的一端,全控型电力电子器件S3的负端与S4的正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的另一端;全控型电力电子器件S1的正端及S3的正端与电容器C一端连接,全控型电力电子器件S4的负端及S2的负端与电容器C的另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端;SCR1与SCR2组成的反并联晶闸管对连接于所述全H型桥子模块两端。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于上述采用两个全控型电力电子器件并联的全H型桥子模块包括有八个全控型电力电子器件S11、S21、S31、S41、S12、S22、S32、S42,八个二极管D11、D21、D31、D41、D12、D22、D32、D42,一个电容C,两个晶闸管SCR1、SCR2,一个快速开关Ks,其中全控型电力电子器件S11与二极管D11反向并联,S21与D21反 向并联,S31与D31反向并联,S41与D41反向并联,S12与D12反向并联,S22与D22反向并联,S32与D32反向并联,S42与D42反向并联;晶闸管SCR1与SCR2反向并联;全控型电力电子器件S11的负端及S12的负端与S21正端及S22的正端连接构成所述全H型桥并联子模块的一端,全控型电力电子器件S31的负端及S32负端与S41的正端及S42正端连接构成所述全H型桥子模块的另一端;全控型电力电子器件S11的正端及S12的正端与S31的正端及S32的正端连接,且与电容器C的一端连接,全控型电力电子器件S41的负端及S42的负端与S21负端及S22的负端连接,且与电容器C另一端连接;快速开关Ks连接于所述全H型桥子模块两端;SCR1和SCR2组成的反并联晶闸管对连接于所述全H型桥子模块的两端,即将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为两个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于或将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为三个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置,其特征在于或将采用单个全控型电力电子器件的全H型桥子模块对应位置的一个全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对改为多个并联的全控型电力电子器件-二极管反并联对。
  9. 一种基于电压源型换流器的直流融冰装置的控制方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
    1)根据融冰交流线路设计融冰电流Ideicing和直流侧回路直流电阻Rloop计算出基于全H桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器VSC直流侧输出电压参考值Udc·ref
    Udc·ref=IdeicingRloop  (1)
    2)根据直流输出电压参考值确定各相上下桥臂中负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus
    Figure PCTCN2014087160-appb-100001
    式中,Vdc为全H桥子模块额定电压,Nmax为单个桥臂中全H桥子模块数目,Udc·rated为换流器额定直流电压。
    3)各相上下桥臂中正向投入子模块SM的个数Nplus
    Nplus=Nmax-Nminus  (3)
    4)由此确定该工况下换流器VSC的电平数:
    Figure PCTCN2014087160-appb-100002
    即上桥臂电压Udc·up变化范围为[-NminusVDC,NmaxVDC],下桥臂电压Udc·down变化范围为[NmaxVDC,-NminusVDC]。
    5)如融冰回路中的融冰电流小于设计融冰电流Ideicing,则将负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus加1,相应的正向投入子模块个数Nplus减1;如融冰回路中的融冰电流大于设计融冰电流Ideicing,则将负向投入子模块SM的个数Nminus减1,相应的正向投入子模块个数Nplus加1。
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