WO2015137230A1 - 電動モータ - Google Patents
電動モータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015137230A1 WO2015137230A1 PCT/JP2015/056494 JP2015056494W WO2015137230A1 WO 2015137230 A1 WO2015137230 A1 WO 2015137230A1 JP 2015056494 W JP2015056494 W JP 2015056494W WO 2015137230 A1 WO2015137230 A1 WO 2015137230A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
- H02K23/38—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having winding or connection for improving commutation, e.g. equipotential connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
- H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
- H02K7/1163—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears where at least two gears have non-parallel axes without having orbital motion
- H02K7/1166—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears where at least two gears have non-parallel axes without having orbital motion comprising worm and worm-wheel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric motor.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-052304 filed in Japan on March 14, 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a DC motor with a brush in which a motor magnet is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of a bottomed cylindrical yoke and an armature is rotatably provided radially inward of the motor magnet is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the armature includes an armature core having a plurality of teeth radially extending outward in the radial direction on the outer periphery of an annular core body that is externally fitted and fixed to a rotating shaft, and each tooth of the armature core is provided between teeth.
- the commutator has a plurality of segments arranged side by side in a state of being insulated from each other in the circumferential direction, and terminal portions of the respective armature coils are connected to these segments. Further, a plurality of brushes are in sliding contact with the segment.
- a direct current is supplied to each armature coil by the brush through the segments, the armature and the rotating shaft are moved by the magnetic attractive force and repulsive force generated between the magnetic field formed in the armature core and the motor magnet. Rotate. This rotation sequentially changes the segments in sliding contact with the brush, so that the direction of the current flowing through the armature coil is switched, so-called rectification is performed. Then, the armature rotates continuously, and the rotation output is taken out from the rotation shaft.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor capable of improving commutation and extending the life of a brush.
- the electric motor is attached to the motor magnet in which a plurality of magnetic poles are arranged in the circumferential direction, a rotating shaft that is rotatably provided inside the motor magnet, and the rotating shaft.
- An armature core having a plurality of teeth extending radially outward and a plurality of slots formed between the teeth; a coil wound around each of the teeth by a concentrated winding method; and the rotation A commutator provided to rotate integrally with the shaft and having a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction; and an anode brush and a cathode brush for supplying power to the coil through the segments; and Three coils are wound respectively, and among the three coils, the number of turns of one coil is the turn of the other two coils. It is set less than.
- the magnetic pole is set to 4 poles, the number of the slots is set to 6, and the number of the segments is set to 18;
- the three coils wound around each tooth are composed of one forward winding coil formed by winding in the forward direction and two reverse winding coils formed by winding in the reverse direction,
- Each tooth is assigned in the circumferential direction in the order of U phase, V phase, and W phase, and the forward winding coil wound around each phase is used as a U phase, V phase, and W phase coil, respectively.
- the three coils include an advance coil whose magnetomotive force vector is directed toward the advance side, A retarding coil whose magnetic force vector is directed toward the retarded angle side and a positive coil whose magnetomotive force vector is neither directed toward the advanced angle side nor the retarded angle side, and the advance angle ⁇ 1 of the magnetomotive force vector of the advanced angle coil is 0 ° ⁇
- the retardation angle ⁇ 2 of the magnetomotive force vector of the retardation coil satisfies 0 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 20 °
- the advance angle ⁇ 3 of the position of the anode brush satisfies 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 °
- the number of turns of the advance coil is T1
- the number of turns of the positive coil is T2
- the number of turns of the retard coil is T3
- the three coils include: an advance coil whose magnetomotive force vector is directed toward the advance side; A retarding coil whose magnetic force vector is directed toward the retarded angle side and a positive coil whose magnetomotive force vector is neither directed toward the advanced angle side nor the retarded angle side, and the advance angle ⁇ 1 of the magnetomotive force vector of the advanced angle coil is 0 ° ⁇
- the retardation angle ⁇ 2 of the magnetomotive force vector of the retardation coil satisfies 0 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 20 °
- the advance angle ⁇ 3 of the position of the anode brush satisfies 3 ° ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 °
- the number of turns of the advance coil is T1
- the number of turns of the positive coil is T2
- the number of turns of the retard coil is T3, each of the turns T1, T2, T3
- the three coils are such that the three coils have a magnetomotive force vector toward the advance side.
- the number of turns of the advance coil is T1
- the number of turns of the positive coil is T2
- the number of turns of the retard coil is T3
- the turns T1, T2, and T3 are: It is set to satisfy T1
- the number of turns of one coil is set to be smaller than the number of turns of the other two coils, the influence of deterioration of rectification due to mismatch of magnetomotive force vectors by three coils is reduced. it can. Also, brush life can be extended by improving rectification.
- FIG. 1 is an external side view of a motor with a reduction gear to which an electric motor according to the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof.
- the motor 1 with a reduction gear is used for driving a wiper of an automobile, for example.
- the motor 1 with a speed reducer includes an electric motor 2 and a speed reduction mechanism 4 connected to the rotating shaft 3 of the electric motor 2.
- the electric motor 2 includes a yoke 5 that also serves as a bottomed cylindrical motor housing, and an armature 6 that is rotatably provided in the yoke 5.
- the cylindrical portion 53 of the yoke 5 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and a motor magnet 7 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 53.
- a motor magnet 7 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 53.
- four magnetic poles are arranged in the circumferential direction by alternately arranging N poles and S poles.
- the bottom wall (end portion) 51 of the yoke 5 is formed with a bearing housing 19 projecting outward in the axial direction at the center in the radial direction, and a sliding bearing for rotatably supporting one end of the rotary shaft 3 therein. 18 is provided.
- the sliding bearing 18 has a centering function of the rotating shaft 3.
- An outer flange portion 52 is provided at the opening of the cylindrical portion 53, and the end of the gear housing 23 of the speed reduction mechanism 4 is fixed to the outer flange portion 52, so that the electric motor 2 and the speed reduction mechanism 4 are integrated. Are combined.
- FIG. 3 is an external side view of the armature.
- the armature 6 includes an armature body 80 that is externally fitted and fixed to the rotating shaft 3, and a commutator 10 that is disposed on the other end side (the speed reduction mechanism 4 side) of the rotating shaft 3. ing.
- the armature body 80 has an armature core 8 and an armature coil 9 wound around the armature core 8.
- the armature core 8 is composed of a laminated core formed by laminating a core plate of a magnetic material punched by pressing or the like in the axial direction, or a dust core obtained by press-molding soft magnetic powder.
- the armature core 8 has an annular core body 11.
- a through hole 11 a for press-fitting the rotating shaft 3 is formed at the center of the core body 11.
- six teeth 12 are radially provided on the outer peripheral portion of the core body 11 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- Each tooth 12 is formed in a substantially T shape in an axial plan view.
- Each tooth 12 includes a winding drum portion 12a that protrudes radially from the core body 11 in the radial direction, a flange portion 12b that extends from the tip of the winding drum portion 12a in the circumferential direction, and that forms the outer periphery of the armature core 8. It is comprised by.
- An armature coil 9 is formed by passing enameled windings 14 through these slots 13 and winding the windings 14 around the outer periphery of the winding body 12a of the teeth 12 by a concentrated winding method (armature coils). Details of the forming method 9 will be described later).
- a commutator 10 is externally fitted and fixed to the other end side (the reduction mechanism 4 side) of the armature core 8 of the rotating shaft 3.
- the commutator 10 is provided with a plurality of segments 15 formed of a conductive material on the outer peripheral surface. Eighteen segments 15 that are three times the number of teeth 12 and slots 13 of the armature core 8 are attached.
- the segment 15 is made of a plate-like metal piece that is long in the axial direction, and is fixed in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction while being insulated from each other.
- the electric motor 2 is configured as a so-called four-pole six-slot 18-segment electric motor in which the number of magnetic poles is four, the number of slots 13 is six, and the number of segments 15 is eighteen.
- a riser 16 that is folded in a shape that is folded back to the outer diameter side is integrally formed at the end of each segment 15 on the armature core 8 side.
- a terminal portion of the armature coil 9 is wound around the riser 16 and fixed by fusing or the like. Thereby, the segment 15 and the armature coil 9 corresponding to this are conducted.
- the commutator 10 configured in this manner faces the gear housing 23 of the speed reduction mechanism 4 as shown in FIG.
- a gear group 41 of the speed reduction mechanism 4 is housed in the gear housing 23.
- the brush housing portion 22 is formed integrally with the gear housing 23 on the electric motor 2 side, and the commutator 10 of the electric motor 2 is exposed to the brush housing portion 22.
- the brush 21 is housed inside the brush housing part 22 through a holder stay and a brush holder (not shown) so as to be able to appear and retract.
- the brush 21 is for supplying electric power from an external power source (for example, a battery mounted on an automobile) to the commutator 10.
- the brush 21 is biased toward the commutator 10 by a spring (not shown), and the tip thereof is in sliding contact with the segment 15.
- the brush 21 is commonly used for the low speed brush (anode brush) 21a and the high speed brush (anode brush) 21b connected to the anode side, and the low speed brush 21a and the high speed brush 21b, and is connected to the cathode side. And a common brush (cathode brush) 21c.
- the low speed brush 21a and the common brush 21c are disposed at a mechanical angle of 90 ° in the circumferential direction so as to correspond to the magnetic pole pitch (electrical angle 180 °) of the motor magnet 7.
- the high speed brush 21b is disposed at a position slightly advanced from the common brush 21c by the magnetic pole pitch of the motor magnet 7.
- the advance angle of the high speed brush 21b is set to 30 °, for example.
- FIG. 4 is a development view of the armature. A gap between adjacent teeth corresponds to a slot.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the winding direction of the winding, and is a view of the armature from the rear side where the commutator is not arranged.
- each segment 15, each tooth 12, and the formed armature coil 9 will be described with reference numerals.
- the 18 segments 15, the ones that are 180 ° opposite (segments 15 having the same potential) are electrically connected by a connection line (not shown) or the like. Accordingly, the same symbols 1 to 9 are assigned to the segments 15 having the same conditions as the brush.
- each of the teeth 12 is assigned a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase in this order in the circumferential direction. That is, the first and fourth teeth 12 are the U phase, the second and fifth teeth 12 are the V phase, and the third and sixth teeth 12 are the W phase.
- the position corresponding to No. 1 is the position corresponding to the No. 1 tooth 12.
- the winding 14 is then drawn into the slot 13 between the 1-6th teeth 12 existing in the vicinity of the first segment 15. . Then, the winding 14 is wound around each tooth 12 in the forward direction by the concentrated winding method.
- the winding 14 is pulled out from the slot 13 between the first and second teeth 12 and is wound around the riser 16 of the second segment 15 adjacent to the first segment 15. Then, the winding end 14 b is connected to the second segment 15. As a result, a U-phase first coil 91 wound around the first tooth 12 in the forward direction is formed between the first and second segments 15.
- the winding 14 is wound around the riser 16 of the fifth segment 15 and the winding start end 14 a is drawn into the slot 13 between the first and second teeth 12. And it winds to the 1st teeth 12 by the concentrated winding system in the reverse direction. Subsequently, the winding 14 is pulled out from the slot 13 between the 1-6th teeth 12 and is wound around the riser 16 of the 6th segment 15 adjacent to the 5th segment 15. Then, the winding end 14 b is connected to the sixth segment 15. As a result, a “ ⁇ U” phase second coil 92 wound around the first tooth 12 in the reverse direction is formed between the 5th and 6th segments 15.
- winding 14 is wound around the riser 16 of the 6th segment 15 and the winding start end 14a is drawn into the slot 13 between the 1-2th teeth 12. And it winds to the 1st teeth 12 by the concentrated winding system in the reverse direction.
- the first tooth 12 corresponding to the U-phase is formed by winding the U-phase first coil 91 formed by winding the winding 14 in the forward direction and the winding 14 in the reverse direction.
- the armature coil 9 including the second coil 92 of the “ ⁇ U” phase and the third coil 93 of the “ ⁇ U” phase is formed.
- the armature core 8 is formed with the three-phase armature coil 9 including the first coil 91, the second coil 92, and the third coil 93 by sequentially performing this operation between the segments 15 corresponding to the respective phases. Between the adjacent segments 15, coils 91 to 93 of U, “ ⁇ W”, “ ⁇ W”, V, “ ⁇ U”, “ ⁇ U”, W, “ ⁇ V” and “ ⁇ V” phases are Electrically connected in order.
- connection positions of the winding start end 14a and the winding end end 14b of the windings 14 forming the coils 91 to 93 of each phase to the segments 15 are U, “ ⁇ W”, “ ⁇ W” between the adjacent segments 15.
- V, “ ⁇ U”, “ ⁇ U”, W, “ ⁇ V”, and “ ⁇ V” phase coils 91 to 93 may be electrically connected in this order.
- the total number of turns (total number of turns of the winding 14) of the first, second, and third coils 91, 92, and 93 wound around each tooth 12 is set to n (n is 3 is a natural number), the number of turns of each of the first, second, and third coils 91, 92, and 93 is the same “n / 3”.
- the number of turns is set so that the number of turns of one coil is smaller than the number of turns of the other two coils under the condition that the total number of turns n is kept constant.
- a magnetic field is formed in each of the second, third, fifth and sixth teeth 12.
- the directions of these magnetic fields are in order in the circumferential direction. For this reason, between the magnetic field formed in each tooth 12 and the motor magnet 7, a magnetic attractive force or repulsive force acts in the same direction at a point-symmetrical position about the rotation shaft 3. As a result, the rotating shaft 3 rotates.
- a voltage is applied to the high-speed brush 21b, the high-speed brush 21b is advanced, so that the rotary shaft 3 rotates at a high speed.
- the third coil 93 between the 6th and 7th segments is short-circuited.
- the U-phase teeth 12 are at a position where the retardation angle is 20 °, and are rectified at that position. Therefore, a magnetomotive force vector having a retardation of 20 ° is generated in the U-phase teeth 12.
- the number of turns of the coils 91, 92, 93 is changed. That is, assuming that the number of turns of the lead angle 20 ° coil (the number of turns of the winding 14) is T1, the number of turns of the lead angle 0 ° coil is T2, and the number of turns of the retard angle 20 ° coil is T3, T1, T2,
- the above condition (1) is the case of the low speed brush 21a in which the position of the brush 21 is not advanced. If the position of the low speed brush 21a is advanced, the advance angle is large. It turns out that it is necessary to change it accordingly. Therefore, the following conditions could be obtained.
- the advance angle is originally set at the position of the high speed brush 21b. However, since the frequency of use is less than that of the low speed brush 21a, the above conditions are set based on the low speed brush 21a. .
- the position of the low speed brush 21a by setting the conditions of the number of turns of each of the coils 91, 92, 93 to the above conditions (1) to (3), the influence of the deterioration of the rectification property can be reliably reduced. This can extend the life of the brush.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration of the three coils 91, 92, and 93 can be applied to various electric motors in which three coils are formed in each tooth.
- the brush 21 is configured by three brushes, that is, the low speed brush (anode brush) 21a, the high speed brush (anode brush) 21b, and the common brush (cathode brush) 21c has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration of the three coils 91, 92, and 93 can be applied to an electric motor in which an anode brush and a cathode brush are provided in pairs. .
- the number of turns of one coil is set to be smaller than the number of turns of the other two coils, the influence of deterioration of rectification due to mismatch of magnetomotive force vectors by three coils is reduced. it can. Also, brush life can be extended by improving rectification.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年3月14日に、日本に出願された特願2014-052304号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
アーマチュアは、回転軸に外嵌固定される円環状のコア本体の外周に、径方向外方に向かって放射状に延びる複数のティースを設けたアーマチュアコアと、該アーマチュアコアの各ティースにティース間のスロットを介して巻回されたアーマチュアコイルと、アーマチュアコアと一体回転するように前記回転軸上に設けられるコンミテータと、を備えている。
さらに、セグメントには複数のブラシが摺接されている。そして、ブラシによりセグメントを介して各アーマチュアコイルに直流電流が供給されると、アーマチュアコアに形成される磁界とモータマグネットとの間に生じる磁気的な吸引力や反発力により、アーマチュアおよび回転軸が回転する。この回転によってブラシが摺接するセグメントが順次変更され、アーマチュアコイルに流れる電流の向きが切り替えられる、いわゆる整流が行われる。そして、アーマチュアが継続的に回転し、回転出力が回転軸から取り出される。
(減速機付モータ)
次に、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1は、本発明に係る電動モータが適用された減速機付モータの外観側面図である。図2は、その縦断面図である。
図3は、アーマチュアの外観側面図である。
図2および図3に示すように、アーマチュア6は、回転軸3に外嵌固定されたアーマチュア本体80と、回転軸3の他端側(減速機構4側)に配置されたコンミテータ10とを備えている。
図5に示すように、アーマチュアコア8は、円環状のコア本体11を有している。コア本体11の中心には、回転軸3を圧入するための貫通孔11aが形成されている。また、コア本体11の外周部には、周方向に等間隔にティース12が放射状に6つ設けられている。各ティース12は、軸方向平面視略T字型に形成されたものである。各ティース12は、コア本体11から径方向に沿って放射状に突出する巻胴部12aと、巻胴部12aの先端から周方向に沿って延び、アーマチュアコア8の外周を構成する鍔部12bとにより構成されている。
次に、アーマチュアの他の構成について述べる。
図2および図3に示すように、回転軸3のアーマチュアコア8よりも他端側(減速機構4側)には、コンミテータ10が外嵌固定されている。コンミテータ10には、外周面に、導電材で形成されたセグメント15が複数取り付けられている。セグメント15は、アーマチュアコア8のティース12およびスロット13の数の3倍の18枚取り付けられている。セグメント15は軸方向に長い板状の金属片からなり、互いに絶縁された状態で周方向に沿って等間隔に並列に固定されている。このように、電動モータ2は、磁極数が4極、スロット13の個数が6つ、セグメント15の枚数が18枚に設定されたいわゆる4極6スロット18セグメントの電動モータとして構成されている。
次に、図4、図5に基づいて、アーマチュアコイル9の形成方法の一例について説明する。
図4は、アーマチュアの展開図である。隣接するティース間の空隙は、スロットに相当している。図5は、巻線の巻回方向を示す図で、コンミテータが配置されていない後方側からアーマチュアを見たものである。なお、以下の図4においては、各セグメント15、各ティース12、および、形成されたアーマチュアコイル9にそれぞれ符号を付して説明する。ここで、18枚のセグメント15のうち、180°対向する位置にあるもの(同電位となるセグメント15同士)は、不図示の接続線等により電気的に接続されている。従って、ブラシに対して同条件のセグメント15には、1~9の同符号を付してある。
続いて、1-6番ティース12の間のスロット13から巻線14を引き出し、5番セグメント15に隣接する6番セグメント15のライザ16に掛け回す。そして、6番セグメント15に巻き終わり端14bを接続する。これにより、5-6番セグメント15間には、1番ティース12に逆方向に巻回された「-U」相の第2コイル92が形成される。
電動モータ2の動作説明にあたり、2つの陽極ブラシ(低速用ブラシ21a、高速用ブラシ21b)のうち、低速用ブラシ21aに電圧を印加した場合ついて説明する。
例えば、図4に示すように、1-2番セグメント15間に低速用ブラシ21aが配置されると共に、6番セグメント15に共通ブラシ21cが配置された場合、U相の第1コイル91は、短絡される。
次に、アーマチュア6が回転するのに伴う、各ティース12の3つのコイル91、92、93の変化について説明する。
ここで、以下の説明では、ブラシ21の位置自体が進角されていない低速用ブラシ21aに電圧を印加した場合について説明する。また、3相のうち、U相について代表して述べるが、他の相についても同様である。
従って、U相のティース12に、進角20°の起磁力ベクトルが発生する。
表1にその分類を示す。なお、表1中に記載の「seg」とはセグメントの略称である。
T2>T1>T3 ・・・(1)
ただし、「T1+T2+T3=一定」の条件内でT1、T2、T3の大小関係を決めている。
(1)0°≦θ≦3° の場合は、T2>T1>T3
(2)3°<θ≦10°の場合は、T2>T3>T1
(3)θ=20°の場合は、 T3>T2>T1
に設定する。
したがって、上述の実施形態によれば、各ティース12に3つのコイル91、92、93が形成されている電動モータ2において、3つのコイル91、92、93のうち、1つのコイルのターン数を他の2つのコイルのターン数よりも少なく設定することにより、各ティース12に巻装された3つのコイル91、92、93による起磁力ベクトルの不一致による整流性の悪化の影響を軽減できる。また、整流の改善によりブラシ寿命を延命させることができる。
とりわけ、低速用ブラシ21aの位置に応じ、各コイル91、92、93のターン数の条件を上記の条件(1)~(3)に設定することにより、確実に整流性の悪化の影響を低減でき、ブラシ寿命を延命させることができる。
例えば、上述の実施形態では、自動車のワイパ駆動用に用いる減速機付モータ1の電動モータ2に、上記の3つのコイル91、92、93の構成を適用した場合について説明した。しかしながら、これに限られるものではなく、各ティースに3つのコイルが形成されるさまざまな電動モータに上記の3つのコイル91、92、93の構成を適用することが可能である。
2 電動モータ
6 アーマチュア
7 モータマグネット
8 アーマチュアコア
9 アーマチュアコイル
10 コンミテータ
15 セグメント
12 ティース
13 スロット
21 ブラシ
91,92,93 コイル
Claims (5)
- 周方向に複数の磁極が配列されたモータマグネットと、
前記モータマグネットの内側に回転自在に設けられる回転軸と、
前記回転軸に取り付けられ、径方向外方に向かって放射状に延びる複数のティースおよびこれらティース間に形成される複数のスロットを有するアーマチュアコアと、
前記各ティースにそれぞれ集中巻方式にて巻装されたコイルと、
前記回転軸と一体回転するよう設けられ、複数のセグメントを周方向に配置したコンミテータと、
前記セグメントを介して前記コイルに給電を行うための陽極ブラシおよび陰極のブラシと、を備え、
前記各ティースに、それぞれ3つのコイルが巻装されており、
前記3つのコイルのうち、1つのコイルのターン数が他の2つのコイルのターン数よりも少なく設定されている電動モータ。 - 前記磁極が4極、前記スロットの個数が6個、前記セグメントの個数が18個に設定され、
前記各ティースに巻装されている前記3つのコイルは、順方向に巻回して形成された1つの順巻きコイルと、逆方向に巻回して形成された2つの逆巻きコイルと、により構成され、
前記各ティースを周回り方向にU相、V相、W相の順で割り当て、各相に巻装されている前記順巻きコイルをそれぞれU相、V相、W相のコイルとし、各相に巻装されている前記逆巻きコイルをそれぞれ-U相、-V相、-W相のコイルとしたとき、隣接する前記セグメント間に、U相、-W相、-W相、V相、-U相、-U相、W相、-V相、-V相のコイルがこの順で電気的に接続され、
巻装されている1つの順巻きコイルおよび2つの逆巻きコイルのうち、1つのコイルのターン数が他の2つのコイルのターン数よりも少なく設定されている請求項1に記載の電動モータ。 - 前記3つのコイルは、起磁力ベクトルが進角側に向かう進角コイルと、起磁力ベクトルが遅角側に向かう遅角コイルと、起磁力ベクトルが進角側にも遅角側にも向かない正コイルとされ、
前記進角コイルの起磁力ベクトルの進角θ1が
0°<θ1≦20°
を満たし、
前記遅角コイルの起磁力ベクトルの遅角θ2が
0°<θ2≦20°
を満たし、
前記陽極ブラシの位置の進角θ3が
0°≦θ3≦3°
を満たす場合において、
前記進角コイルのターン数をT1とし、前記正コイルのターン数をT2とし、前記遅角コイルのターン数をT3としたとき、
前記各ターン数T1,T2,T3は、
T2>T1>T3
を満たすように設定されている請求項1または請求項2に記載の電動モータ。 - 前記3つのコイルは、起磁力ベクトルが進角側に向かう進角コイルと、起磁力ベクトルが遅角側に向かう遅角コイルと、起磁力ベクトルが進角側にも遅角側にも向かない正コイルとされ、
前記進角コイルの起磁力ベクトルの進角θ1が
0°<θ1≦20°
を満たし、
前記遅角コイルの起磁力ベクトルの遅角θ2が
0°<θ2≦20°
を満たし、
前記陽極ブラシの位置の進角θ3が
3°<θ3≦10°
を満たす場合において、
前記進角コイルのターン数をT1とし、前記正コイルのターン数をT2とし、前記遅角コイルのターン数をT3としたとき、
前記各ターン数T1,T2,T3は、
T2>T3>T1
を満たすように設定されている請求項1または請求項2に記載の電動モータ。 - 前記3つのコイルは、起磁力ベクトルが進角側に向かう進角コイルと、起磁力ベクトルが遅角側に向かう遅角コイルと、起磁力ベクトルが進角側にも遅角側にも向かない正コイルとされ、
前記進角コイルの起磁力ベクトルの進角θ1が
0°<θ1≦20°
を満たし、
前記遅角コイルの起磁力ベクトルの遅角θ2が
0°<θ2≦20°
を満たし、
前記陽極ブラシの位置の進角θ3が
θ3=20°
を満たす場合において、
前記進角コイルのターン数をT1とし、前記正コイルのターン数をT2とし、前記遅角コイルのターン数をT3としたとき、
前記各ターン数T1,T2,T3は、
T3>T2>T1
を満たすように設定されている請求項1または請求項2に記載の電動モータ。
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