WO2015129209A1 - 配電盤システム - Google Patents
配電盤システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015129209A1 WO2015129209A1 PCT/JP2015/000773 JP2015000773W WO2015129209A1 WO 2015129209 A1 WO2015129209 A1 WO 2015129209A1 JP 2015000773 W JP2015000773 W JP 2015000773W WO 2015129209 A1 WO2015129209 A1 WO 2015129209A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- voltage
- power transmission
- low
- transmission unit
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/26—Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/56—Cooling; Ventilation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B7/00—Enclosed substations, e.g. compact substations
- H02B7/06—Distribution substations, e.g. for urban network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/20—Bus-bar or other wiring layouts, e.g. in cubicles, in switchyards
- H02B1/202—Cable lay-outs
Definitions
- the present invention changes the current flowing from the outside of the panel housing, such as a solar battery in photovoltaic power generation, into a low-voltage alternating current, converts the low-voltage alternating current into a higher-voltage AC current, and converts the high-voltage AC current into the panel housing
- the present invention relates to a switchboard system such as a V-shaped switchboard for extra high voltage that transmits power to the outside.
- This substation equipment unit comprises a gas-insulated switchgear cubicle containing a gas-insulated switchgear, a transformer body, and a cooler that disposes heat of the transformer body by disposing the transformer body above the transformer body, A gas insulated transformer having a primary side directly connected to a gas insulated switchgear cubicle, and a switchboard directly connected to a secondary side of the gas insulated transformer, the gas insulated switchgear cubicle, the gas insulated transformer, and the switchboard It is installed on the same base as a single package, and can be transported in a batch by a trailer.
- the substation equipment unit described in Patent Document 1 merely simply juxtaposes the respective devices in a predetermined direction sequentially according to the current flow shown in FIG. Therefore, when transmitting power from a transformer to a distribution network, etc., when boosting to a very high voltage (extra high voltage etc.) for the purpose of suppressing power loss, simply arranging each device in a predetermined direction of current, In order to avoid inadvertent contact with the high voltage part at the time of inspection by the user, it is essential to secure a sufficient surrounding space between the high voltage part (transformer body, high voltage, etc.) and other devices.
- the transformer equipment unit of Patent Document 1 has a length in a predetermined direction extending just by arranging the devices in accordance with the current flow, and the space required for enlargement of the entire unit, transportation and installation is very large. Become long. Furthermore, the substation equipment unit of Patent Document 1 is increased in weight and capacity by the amount of the outer box of each device, such as hollowing out the outer box of each device as a refrigerant passage in Embodiment 4 of Patent Document 1. .
- the present invention provides a conversion unit, a power transmission unit, and the like in a panel housing, attaches a transformer outside the panel housing, and arranges the transformer and the power transmission unit in a predetermined direction in this order, and substantially orthogonal to them.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a switchboard that can achieve both “suppressing inadvertent contact” and “miniaturization of the panel” by arranging two converters in a line.
- the switchboard 1 includes a single panel casing 2, a conversion unit 3 that converts a DC current or an AC current from outside the panel casing 2 into a low voltage AC current L, and a low voltage AC from the conversion unit 3.
- a switchboard having a transformer 4 that transforms a current L into a higher-voltage AC current H and a power transmission unit 5 that transmits the high-voltage AC current H from the transformer 4 to the outside of the panel housing 2, 2, two conversion units 3 and one power transmission unit 5 are provided, one transformer 4 is attached to the panel housing 2 from the outside, and a low-voltage AC current L is transferred from each of the conversion units 3 to one transformer 4.
- the one transformer 4 and one power transmission unit 5 are arranged in a predetermined direction in this order. It is arranged side by side and this predetermined one And arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal, the two conversion unit 3, the transformer 4 in the one of the power transmission portion 5 and the first, characterized in that disposed on the opposite side.
- a second feature of the switchboard 1 according to the present invention is that, in addition to the first feature, there are two sets of low-pressure bundles 8L formed by collecting a plurality of the low-voltage cables 6L, and a plurality of the high-voltage cables 6H are collected.
- One set of high-pressure bundles 8H formed, and the two sets of low-pressure bundles 8L and one set of high-pressure bundles 8H are arranged in parallel at one position inside and outside the panel housing 2. It is in.
- “arranged in parallel” means that at least one of the two sets of low-pressure bundles 8L and one set of high-pressure bundles 8H is “at least one of a plan view, a front view, and a side view”. In other words, it is arranged in parallel.
- a third feature of the switchboard 1 according to the present invention is that, in addition to the first or second feature, each of the converters 3 and the power transmitter 5 are arranged at a distance from each other, and the converters 3 are connected to each other. Are located at a distance from each other.
- the fourth feature of the switchboard 1 is that one panel housing 2, a conversion unit 3 that converts a DC current or an AC current from the outside of the panel housing 2 into a low-voltage AC current L, and this conversion unit 3, a transformer 4 that transforms the low-voltage AC current L from 3 into a higher-voltage AC current H, a power transmission unit 5 that transmits the high-voltage AC current H from the transformer 4 to the outside of the panel housing 2, and A switchboard having an auxiliary device 20 for supplementing power transmission, conversion of the conversion unit 3 and transformation of the transformer 4, wherein the conversion unit 3, the power transmission unit 5, and the auxiliary device 20 are provided in the panel housing 2.
- a transformer 4 is attached to the housing 2 from the outside, and a low voltage cable 6L that flows a low voltage AC current L from the conversion unit 3 to the transformer 4 and a high voltage cable 6H that flows a high voltage AC current H from the transformer 4 to the power transmission unit 5 are provided.
- the transformer 4 and the power transmission section 5 are arranged in this order. Together are arranged in the direction, the converter 3 and the auxiliary device 20 is in a point that is located on the side away from the transformer 4 around the power transmission portion 5.
- a fifth feature of the switchboard 1 according to the present invention is that one panel housing 2, a conversion unit 3 that converts a DC current or an AC current from the outside of the panel housing 2 into a low-voltage AC current L, and this conversion unit 3 is a switchboard having a transformer 4 that transforms the low-voltage AC current L from 3 into a higher-voltage AC current H, and a power transmission unit 5 that transmits the high-voltage AC current H from the transformer 4 to the outside of the panel housing 2.
- a conversion unit 3 and a power transmission unit 5 are provided in the panel casing 2, a transformer 4 is attached to the panel casing 2 from the outside, and a low voltage cable for flowing a low voltage alternating current L from the conversion unit 3 to the transformer 4.
- two conversion units 3 and one power transmission unit 5 are provided in the panel housing 2, and one transformer 4 is attached to the panel housing 2 from the outside.
- the transformer 4 and the power transmission unit 5 are connected in this order.
- the power transmission unit 5 is disposed closer to the transformer 4 than the two conversion units 3 in the panel housing 2.
- the length of the high voltage cable 6H from the power transmission unit 5 to the transformer 4 in the panel housing 2 is larger than the length of the low voltage cable 6L from the conversion unit 3 to the transformer 4 in the panel housing 2. The shorter the length, the lower the possibility of inadvertent contact with the high-pressure part during inspection by the user.
- the surface material (part) on the transformer 4 side in the panel casing 2 is provided.
- the low-pressure bundle 8L and the high-pressure bundle 8H can be collectively arranged, so that “simplification of the structure” can be achieved, and in the case of installation outdoors, even one position extending inside and outside of the panel housing 2 is covered. Just do it to make it waterproof ("easy waterproofing").
- the converters 3 are arranged at a distance from the power transmission unit 5, and the converters 3 are arranged at a distance from each other, so that the user can move or convert in the panel housing 2.
- Space (in-panel space 16) for performing maintenance of the unit 3 and the power transmission unit 5 can be secured.
- the space 16 in the panel may have any width and shape as long as the user of the switchboard 1 can move within the panel housing 2.
- the switchboard is provided with a door 7 that can be opened and closed in the panel housing 2, and outside the panel housing 2, the low-voltage bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L is more than the high-voltage bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable 6H. 2 and disposed at a low position and connected to the transformer 4, and the high-voltage bundle 8H connected to the transformer 4 does not overlap each other in the plan view, the front view, and the side view. It may have a part.
- the switchboard cuts out the protruding portion from the inner surface 2f on the inner surface 2f of the panel housing 2 at the position where the air blowing means 9 for escaping air from the inside of the conversion section 3 is received to suppress the protruding height.
- a supporting member 10 is provided.
- the switchboard is provided with a plurality of breakers 12 for interrupting the DC cable 11 in a DC cable 11 for flowing a DC current from the outside of the panel housing 2 to the conversion unit 3, and each of these breakers 12 has a three-phase AC.
- the breaker 12 is connected to the inflow side T-phase terminal and the outflow side S-phase terminal with a connector 13, and this connector 13 is connected to the rear surface (rear material) 2 b side of the panel housing 2 in the breaker 12. Sometimes it is located only.
- the low voltage cable 6L and the high voltage cable 6H can be arranged at a position away from the door 7. That is, a space (inspection space, etc.) can be secured between the low voltage cable 6L and the high voltage cable 6H and the door 7, and maintenance is performed. Inadvertent contact is further suppressed along with the improvement of the property.
- communication devices can be installed in the space.
- the low voltage AC current L flowing through the low voltage cable 6L is high voltage. This is due to the fact that it is greater than the high-voltage AC current H flowing through the cable 6H. Further, since the allowable current of the cable is generally proportional to the cross-sectional area (the larger the cross-sectional area of the cable, the more current flows), the low-voltage bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L is higher than the high-voltage bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable.
- the low-pressure bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L can be heavier than the high-pressure bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable. Therefore, when the low-pressure bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L that is thick and heavy is disposed at a position lower than the high-pressure bundle 8H that is thinner and lighter than the low-pressure bundle 8L, the low-pressure bundle 8L can be stabilized and the low-pressure bundle 8L When arranged closer to the panel housing 2 than the high-pressure bundle 8H, it becomes easier to connect the thick low-pressure bundle 8L to the transformer 4 from the gap between the thin high-pressure bundle 8H, and the pressure is lower than when the arrangement is reversed.
- each high-voltage cable 6H has a portion that does not overlap in any of a plan view, a front view, and a side view, the space between the high-voltage cables 6H in a limited space. Since the distance can be maximized, as a result, the switchboard 1 can be made compact, and at the same time, as shown in FIGS.
- the connection portion 4L of 6L is changed, and the connection to the transformer 4 of each high-voltage cable 6H itself and the connection between the high-voltage cables 6H to the transformer 4 of the low-pressure bundle 8L are further facilitated.
- a support material in which the height protruding from the inner surface 2f of the panel housing 2 at a position where the air blowing means 9 for escaping air from the conversion unit 3 is received is cut out to suppress the protruding height. 10 is provided, it is possible to reinforce the portion of the panel casing 2 on which the support material 10 is provided from the inner surface 2f side without interfering with air convection in the panel casing 2 caused by the blowing of the blowing means 9. .
- a plurality of breakers 12 for cutting off the DC cable 11 from the outside of the panel housing 2 to the conversion unit 3 are provided, and each breaker 12 is connected to the breaker inflow side T-phase terminal and the outflow side S-phase terminal by a connector 13.
- the width of the connecting tool 13 is larger than that of the connecting tool 13 positioned on the left and right side surfaces of the breaker 12.
- the adjacent breakers 12 can be arranged close to each other when viewed from the front, and more breakers 12 can be arranged in a predetermined space. As a result, the switchboard 1 as a whole can be made compact.
- the conversion unit and the power transmission unit are provided in the panel housing, the transformer is attached to the outside of the panel housing, and the transformer and the power transmission unit are arranged along a predetermined direction, and in a direction substantially orthogonal thereto.
- (A) is a diagonal front perspective view which shows the exterior of the switchboard of 2nd Embodiment,
- (b) is a diagonal back (rear) perspective view. It is a perspective view which shows the connection part of the low voltage cable in a switchboard, a high voltage cable, and a transformer.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the connection part of the low voltage
- (A) is a front perspective view which shows the breaker of a switchboard
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows the convection of the air in the panel housing
- (A) is a schematic diagram which shows the solar power generation plant using the switchboard which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention
- (b) is a schematic diagram which shows arrangement
- the switchboard 1 includes a single panel housing 2, a current collector 21 that collects a direct current from outside the panel housing 2 (solar cell D, etc.), and a DC current that has passed through the current collector 21 is converted into a low-voltage alternating current.
- the converter 3 for converting to L, the transformer 4 for transforming the low-voltage AC current L from the converter 3 into a higher-voltage AC current H, and the high-voltage AC current H from the transformer 4 outside the panel casing 2 (described later)
- Power distribution unit 5 for transmitting power to the distribution network N and the power transmission panel M).
- the switchboard 1 also includes an air conditioner 22 that circulates the air in the panel housing 2, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 23, the auxiliary unit 24 that supplies current to the conversion unit 3, the air conditioner 22, the UPS 23, and the like. is doing.
- the switchboard 1 of the first embodiment has two conversion units 3, one transformer 4, and one power transmission unit 5, and one transformer 4 and 1 While the two power transmission units 5 are arranged in this order in a predetermined direction, two conversion units are arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal thereto.
- the conversion unit 3 in the case of a photovoltaic power plant P to be described later, it is a solar cell D that supplies a direct current to the conversion unit 3 of the switchboard 1 from the outside of the panel housing 2, but by wind power, hydraulic power, wave power, etc. This is the current from the rotating generator (motor). If the output current from the motor is an alternating current, the converter 3 may include both a converter device that converts alternating current to direct current and an inverter device that converts this direct current to alternating current. In the case of direct current, the conversion unit 3 only needs to include an inverter device, but the following describes a case where a direct current flows into the conversion unit 3 as in the solar cell D.
- the panel housing 2 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the front (front material) 2a and the rear (rear material) 2b have doors 7 (which can be opened and closed), respectively.
- a power transmission unit front door 7a, a doorway 7b, and a power transmission unit rear door 7c) are provided.
- “front and rear” in the substantially rectangular parallelepiped board casing 2 is defined as “front” on the side where the door 7b is provided and “rear” on the side opposite to the side where the door 7b is provided.
- “left and right” in the panel casing 2 means that the left hand side when the user who entered the panel casing 2 heads from “rear” to “front” in the panel casing 2 is “left”. The right hand side when going from “back” to “front” is “right”.
- the transformer 4 is attached to the left surface 2c of the panel housing 2 (the outer surface of the left surface material 2c, the right outer surface in FIG. 1), and the right surface 2d of the panel housing 2 (the outer surface of the right surface material 2d). It can be said that the outdoor unit of the air conditioner 22 is attached to the left outer surface in FIG. Of course, the transformer 4, the outdoor unit of the air conditioner 22, and the like may be attached to the face material on the opposite side of the panel housing 2.
- a power transmission unit front door 7a is provided at a position closest to the transformer 4 (that is, adjacent), and on the rear surface (rear material) 2b of the panel housing 2
- the power transmission unit rear door 7c is provided at a position closest to the transformer 4 (that is, adjacent).
- the entrance door 7b Is provided on the front surface (front material) 2a of the panel housing 2, on the side opposite to the transformer 4 in the power transmission unit front door 7a (side away from the transformer 4), adjacent to the power transmission unit front door 7a.
- the entrance door 7b may not necessarily be adjacent to the power transmission unit front door 7a as long as the user can enter and exit the panel housing 2.
- the entrance door 7b is the right side 2d (right side material 2d of the panel case 2). ), And may be provided at a position where the outdoor unit of the air conditioner 22 is trapped (avoided).
- the inside of the panel housing 2 is reinforced by a support member 31 that partitions and supports the current collecting unit 21, the converting unit 3, the power transmission unit 5, and the like.
- the power transmission unit front door 7a and the power transmission unit rear door 7c described above are
- the support member 31 may be provided as long as the space where the power transmission unit 5 is disposed in the panel housing 2 can be opened and closed.
- the current collector 21 is provided in the space where the converter 3 is disposed.
- the current collection part 21 may be provided in the space different from the conversion part 3 like 2nd Embodiment mentioned later.
- the current collector 21 is positioned at the right side (left side in FIG. 1) in the panel housing 2.
- a plurality of breakers 12 arranged in the vertical direction are arranged in a pair of left and right.
- the breaker 12 may have any configuration, but for example, may be described in the second embodiment. Without passing through the current collector 21, not only the conversion of the converter 3 but also the transformation by the transformer 4 and the power transmission of the power transmitter 5 cannot be performed.
- the auxiliary device 20 supplements the power transmission, the conversion of the conversion unit 3, and the transformation of the transformer 4. Further, it can be said that the auxiliary device 20 (the current collector 21) provided in the same space as the conversion unit 3 is arranged on the side away from the transformer 4 with the power transmission unit 5 as the center.
- the conversion unit 3 includes an inverter device that converts a direct current from the solar cell D into a low-voltage alternating current L (for example, 100 to 200 V), and an alternating current that the inverter device converts.
- the control part which controls the voltage and frequency of this, and the air circuit breaker (ACB) etc. are provided.
- the inverter device, the control unit, the circuit breaker, and the like are disposed in the conversion housing 14, and the conversion housing 14 is provided with a rotating fan-like air blowing means 9 for releasing the air inside the conversion housing 14. Yes.
- the structure of the air blowing means 9 is not particularly limited, but may be the air blowing means 9 of the second embodiment described later, for example.
- Such a conversion unit 3 is also called a power conditioner (abbreviation of power conditioner).
- two conversion units 3 are arranged in one panel housing 2, but in the panel housing 2, one transformer 4 and one power transmission unit 5 are arranged in this order.
- the two conversion units 3 are arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction, and are arranged on the opposite side of the transformer 4 in one power transmission unit 5. This is because one transformer 4 and one power transmission unit 5 are arranged side by side in a predetermined direction in this order, and two conversion units 3 are arranged from the transformer 4 around the one power transmission unit 5 (in plan view). It can also be said that it is arranged on the far side (at least one of front view and side view).
- the two conversion units 3 are arranged in a branching manner from the power transmission unit 5 with one transformer 4 and one power transmission unit 5 arranged in a predetermined direction as base ends. It can be said that one power transmission unit 5 and two conversion units 3 are arranged in a substantially V shape in plan view.
- the power transmission unit 5 is disposed closer to the transformer 4 than the two conversion units 3 in the panel casing 2, and as a result, the power transmission unit in the panel casing 2.
- the length of the high-voltage cable 6H from the transformer 5 to the transformer 4 is shorter than the length of the low-voltage cable 6L from the conversion section 3 to the transformer 4 in the panel housing 2, and the user can perform inspections, etc. In this case, the possibility of inadvertent contact with the high-pressure part is reduced.
- a casing (outer box) provided for each device is provided as in Patent Document 1
- Only the amount of space between the casing (outer box) of each device and each device. It is made compact and leads to a reduction in weight. That is, it is possible to achieve both “suppressing inadvertent contact” and “downsizing the panel”.
- one conversion part 3 is the front (front material) 2a side in the panel housing 2 and the opposite side to the transformer 4 in the doorway 7b (the side away from the transformer 4). ). That is, this one conversion part 3 (front conversion part 3a) is arrange
- the space 16 in the panel may have any width and shape as long as the user of the switchboard 1 can move within the panel housing 2.
- the other conversion unit 3 includes the above-described air conditioner 22, UPS 23, on the rear surface (rear material) 2b side in the panel housing 2 and on the side opposite to the transformer 4 in the power transmission unit 5 (the side away from the transformer 4). It arrange
- the rear distance Kb may be any value as long as a sufficient space can be secured for arranging the air conditioner 22, UPS 23, auxiliary machine 24 and the like. Note that a current having a voltage lower than the high-voltage AC current H transformed (boosted) by the transformer 4 flows through the air conditioner 22, the UPS 23, the auxiliary machine 24, and the like.
- the space (portion) in which the air conditioner 22, UPS 23, auxiliary machine 24, etc. are arranged is the low pressure part 15.
- the two conversion units 3a and 3b are also arranged with a distance (mutual distance between the front conversion unit 3a and the rear conversion unit 3b) K ′ from each other, and the mutual distance K ′ is the front distance.
- Ka any value may be used as long as the user can secure a space such as moving within the panel housing 2 and performing maintenance of the conversion unit 3 and the power transmission unit 5.
- the in-board space 16 is substantially L-shaped by planar view.
- the in-board space 16 of the first embodiment has a distance Ka between the two converters 3a and 4b having a mutual distance K 'between the converters 3a and 4b, and a distance Ka from one end of the space 16'.
- the space 16a between the conversion part and the power transmission part passing between the front conversion part 3a and the power transmission part 5 to the doorway 7b is provided.
- the transformer 4 is a so-called transformer, and a low-voltage AC current L (for example, 100 to 200 V) from each conversion unit 3 is converted into a high-voltage AC current suitable for power transmission. It converts to H (for example, 22000V, 6600V, etc.).
- L for example, 100 to 200 V
- H for example, 22000V, 6600V, etc.
- a transformer is an abbreviation for a transformer.
- the transformer 4 is attached to the panel housing 2 from the outside on the left surface 2c (the outer surface of the left surface material 2c), and has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped body and three surfaces of the outer surface except for the panel housing 2 side.
- a plurality of radiating fins 25 erected and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped connection cover 26 provided on the upper surface thereof are provided.
- the connection cover 26 includes a connection portion (connection terminal) between the low-voltage bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L from the panel housing 2 and the transformer 4, and a connection portion (connection terminal) between the high-voltage bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable 6H and the transformer 4. Covered.
- the specific configuration of the connection cover 26 may be any, and may be a configuration in which the cover rear portion 26b remains even after the connection cover 26 is removed.
- the low-pressure bundle 6L of the low-voltage cable 6L is a bundle of low-voltage cables 6L formed by collecting a plurality of low-voltage cables 6L.
- the high-pressure bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable 6H is a collection of a plurality of high-voltage cables 6H. Is a bundle of high-voltage cables 6H formed by The low-pressure bundle 8L and the high-pressure bundle 8H pass through the only insertion hole 27 (position extending inside and outside of the panel casing 2) provided in the left surface (left surface material) 2c of the panel casing 2 and The transformer 4 is above.
- the two low-pressure bundles 8L are arranged in a branching manner from the insertion hole 27 toward the two conversion portions 3 with the insertion hole 27 as a base end (see FIG. 1).
- the one set of low-pressure bundles 8L includes one set of a plurality of low-pressure bundles 8L.
- one set of high-pressure bundles 8H is a set of a plurality of high-pressure bundles 8H.
- the two sets of low-pressure bundles 8L and one set of high-pressure bundles 8H are arranged in parallel in the insertion hole 27, and this is at least one of the two sets of low-pressure bundles 8L and one set of high-pressure bundles 8H.
- One set means “at least one of a plan view, a front view, and a side view, each of which is arranged in parallel (substantially parallel)”.
- the low-pressure bundle 8L and the high-pressure bundle 8H can be collectively arranged on the face material (portion) on the transformer 4 side in the panel housing 2, thereby simplifying the structure, and each bundle 8L, 8H Since the cables 6L and 6H are aligned along the longitudinal direction, the space can be saved by the insertion hole 27 where the cables are concentrated most.
- the low-pressure bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L may be disposed nearer to the panel housing 2 and at a lower position than the high-pressure bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable 6H.
- Each high-voltage cable 6H may have a portion that does not overlap in any of a plan view, a front view, and a side view. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the low voltage cable 6L (low voltage bundle 8L) and the high voltage cable 6H (high voltage bundle 8H) described so far, in the switchboard 1 of the first embodiment, the low voltage cable 6L is replaced with the high voltage cable. It may be longer than 6H.
- the power transmission unit 5 has a left side (in FIG. 1) that is the side closest to the transformer 4 in the panel housing 2 (the left side (left side material) 2 c side to which the transformer 4 is attached). It is located on the right) and has a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), a lightning arrester (SAR), and the like.
- the power transmission unit 5 is connected to the power distribution network N via the power distribution cable G as the outside of the panel housing 2 or connected to the power distribution network N via the power transmission panel M that collects and transmits the power from the plurality of power distribution panels 1.
- any configuration may be used as long as it is finally connected to the distribution network N and can transmit power.
- the bundles 8 ⁇ / b> L and 8 ⁇ / b> H of the cables 6 ⁇ / b> L and 6 ⁇ / b> H that come in and out through the insertion hole 27 of the panel housing 2 are extended to the vicinity of the VCB while being substantially the same height or slightly higher than the insertion hole 27.
- the power transmission part 5 can be said to be an extra high part and a transmitter, when transmitting extra high voltage electric power (for example, 22000V etc.).
- Air conditioner 22, UPS 23, auxiliary machine 24 As shown in FIG. 6, the air conditioner 22 and the UPS 23 are supplied with current (electric power) from the auxiliary machine 24. As long as the air conditioner 22 can circulate the air in the panel housing 2, the air conditioner 22 may be provided at any position such as the upper left and right positions in the panel housing 2 and the midway position.
- the UPS 23 is a device that supplies electricity to each unit for a while even during a power failure.
- the auxiliary machine 24 includes an auxiliary machine transformer (transformer) and a circuit breaker, and supplies power to the control power supply and fan power supply in the conversion unit 3, the air conditioner 22, the UPS 23, the lighting in the panel housing 2, the outlet, and the like. Since the control power is supplied from the auxiliary machine 24, the conversion unit 3 cannot convert the current without the auxiliary machine 24. Furthermore, if the conversion unit 3 cannot convert, it cannot be said that neither the transformation by the transformer 4 nor the power transmission by the power transmission unit 5 can be performed. Therefore, the auxiliary machine 24 may be included in the auxiliary device 20 that supplements the power transmission of the power transmission unit 5, the conversion of the conversion unit 3, and the transformation of the transformer 4.
- the auxiliary device 20 including the auxiliary device 24 and the current collecting unit 21 described above is disposed along with the conversion unit 3 on the side away from the transformer 4 with the power transmission unit 5 as a center.
- the power transmission unit 5 is disposed closer to the transformer 4 than the auxiliary device 20 in the panel casing 2, and as a result, the power transmission unit 5 in the panel casing 2 is transferred to the transformer 4.
- the length of the high-voltage cable 6H is shortened as much as possible, and the possibility of inadvertent contact with the high-voltage portion is reduced even when the user checks the auxiliary device 20 or the like.
- the photovoltaic power plant P using the switchboard 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown over FIG. 6 and FIG.
- the solar power plant P includes a large number of solar cells D, a plurality of junction boxes Z (with a circuit breaker or the like) that are electrically connected to a predetermined number of the numerous solar cells D, and all of the plurality of junction boxes Z.
- the voltage when the power is finally transmitted from the power transmission panel M to the distribution network N may be a voltage (for example, 6600 V) that can be sold or purchased, but between the power transmission panel M and the plurality of distribution boards 1,
- the voltage that the power distribution panel 1 transmits to the power transmission panel M is not necessarily a voltage that can be sold or purchased.
- the voltage that is higher than the voltage that can be sold or purchased for example, a special high voltage (extra high)), for example, 22000V or the like).
- the power transmission board M includes a transformer that steps down to a voltage at which power can be sold or purchased.
- the solar cell D, the connection box Z, the switchboard 1, and the power transmission board M are arranged according to the width and shape of the land to install, for example, the electric power generation of one switchboard 1 is 1500 kW (each conversion It is good also as a photovoltaic power plant P provided with a plurality of switchboards 1 (for example, 10 units or more and 15000 kW (15 MW) or more, and 20 units 30000 kW (30 MW)).
- the photovoltaic power plant P having the above-described configuration tilts the plurality of solar cells D so as to decrease toward the south in order to increase the power generation amount.
- the angle may be any number as long as a sufficient power generation amount can be obtained, but is 5 degrees, for example.
- the solar battery D but also the switchboard 1 itself naturally receives sunlight, leading to a temperature rise in the switchboard 1 and the like. Therefore, the heat shield in the switchboard 1 will be described below.
- the (outer surface of the ceiling face material 2g) is a board (C in FIGS. 8 to 12) that is provided with a thermal barrier coating and has thermal barrier plates attached to the east, south, and west sides.
- the measurement date was August 19, 2009, and the weather on this day was clear.
- the switchboard 1 with the entrance door 7b (or the front (front material) 2a) facing north has a thermal barrier coating on the ceiling outer surface (the outer surface of the ceiling surface material 2g) of the switchboard 1, and the rear outer surface (rear surface) facing south.
- the heat shield 29 is attached to the upper part of the left surface 2c (the outer surface of the left surface material 2c) facing the west (the upper part of the transformer 4) via a support as in the second embodiment. May be. Note that when the heat shield plate 29 is attached so as to have a slight gap between the heat shield plate 29 and the outer surface of the panel casing 2, heat is hardly transmitted to the panel casing 2 side.
- Second Embodiment 13 to 24 show a switchboard 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- This second embodiment is most different from the first embodiment in that it has only one conversion unit 3. That is, the second embodiment includes one conversion unit 3, one transformer 4, and one power transmission unit 5, and the transformer 4, the power transmission unit 5, and the conversion unit 3 are arranged in this order on the left surface 2c of the panel housing 2. They are arranged side by side in a direction from the (left face material 2c) to the right face 2d (right face material 2d).
- the transformer 4, the power transmission unit 5, and the conversion unit 3 may be arranged in this order in the direction from the right surface 2d (right surface material 2d) to the left surface 2c (left surface material 2c). good.
- the transformer 4 and the power transmission unit 5 are arranged side by side in a predetermined direction in this order, and at least the conversion unit 3 is arranged on the side away from the transformer 4 with the power transmission unit 5 as a center. It can be said.
- the panel housing 2 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and four doors 7 that can be opened and closed are provided (the four doors 7).
- the side on which is provided is the front surface (front material) 2a).
- the switchboard 1 of the second embodiment also has an in-panel space 16 in which a user who enters through the doorway 7b moves within the panel housing 2 and performs maintenance on the conversion unit 3, the power transmission unit 5, and the like.
- the in-panel space 16 may have any width and shape as long as the user of the switchboard 1 can move within the panel housing 2.
- the in-board space 16 is substantially I-shaped (in a straight line) in plan view.
- the internal space 16 of the second embodiment includes the front surface (front material) 2a provided with the doors 7 in the panel housing 2, the conversion unit 3, the power transmission unit 5, the current collection unit 21, and auxiliary equipment. It is a space between 20 mag.
- the panel housing 2 has a transformer 4 attached to the left surface 2c (the outer surface of the left surface material 2c, the right outer surface in FIG. 13), and the air conditioner 22 on the right surface 2d (the outer surface of the right surface material 2d, the left outer surface in FIG. 13).
- An outdoor unit is installed.
- the inside of the panel housing 2 is reinforced by a support member that partitions and supports the current collector 21, the conversion unit 3, the power transmission unit 5, and the like, and a support member 10 described later.
- the current collector 21 is located on the right side (left side in FIG. 13) in the panel housing 2, and is further disposed on the right side of the converter 3. . Therefore, also in the second embodiment, the current collector 21 (auxiliary device 20) is also arranged on the side away from the transformer 4 with the power transmission unit 5 as the center.
- a plurality of breakers 12 arranged in the vertical direction are arranged in a pair of left and right.
- a DC cable 11 Connected to each breaker 12 is a DC cable 11 for flowing a direct current from a solar cell D through a junction box Z, which will be described later, from the lower left of the panel housing 2 to the rear of each breaker 12.
- each breaker 12 is a breaker (breaker) for three-phase alternating current, and the number of terminals on the inflow side and the outflow side is three.
- Connect the outflow side S phase terminal with a connector connect the positive and negative DC cables 11 from each connection box Z to the remaining inflow side R phase terminal and S phase terminal, and connect the outflow side R phase terminal and T phase. What is necessary is just to connect the positive and negative DC cables 11 to the converter 3 to the terminals.
- connection tool 13 of the inflow side T-phase terminal and the outflow side S-phase terminal is not located on the left and right side surfaces of the breaker 12 as in the prior art, but on the rear side (the rear surface (rear material) 2b side of the panel housing 2).
- the space behind the plurality of adjacent breakers 12 can be utilized as a space for arranging the connection tool 13.
- each breaker 12 can secure a wide space for arranging the DC cable 11 from the front of the current collector 21 as much as it can be arranged closer to the front, and at the same time, the current collector 21 and the switchboard 1 as a whole. Compactness can be achieved.
- the breaker 12 may have a cover 12a that covers each terminal on the inflow side and the outflow side.
- this connecting tool 13 is a long and narrow plate having conductivity, and both ends thereof are locked to a rod-like body extending rearward from the rear surface of the breaker 12 and fixed by a fixing tool such as a nut.
- a rotating fan-like air blowing means 9 for releasing the air inside the conversion housing 14 upward.
- the air blown from the air blowing means 9 strikes the inner surface 2f (inner ceiling surface 2g (inner surface of the ceiling surface material 2g), etc.) of the panel casing 2 facing the air (that is, the inner ceiling surface 2g (the ceiling surface material 2g).
- the inner surface receives the air from the air blowing means 9), but the support material 10 is cut in a portion protruding from the inner ceiling surface 2g (inner surface of the ceiling surface material 2g) to suppress the protruding height, in plan view.
- the air from the air blowing means 9 flows along the inner ceiling surface 2g (the inner surface of the ceiling surface material 2g) and does not stay around the extra vortex. Since convection occurs in the housing 2, the conversion unit 3 is sufficiently cooled.
- the protruding height of the front and rear halfway portion of the support member 10 may be suppressed so as to be substantially flush with the inner ceiling surface 2g (the inner surface of the ceiling surface member 2g).
- the transformer 4 converts the low-voltage AC current L from the conversion unit 3 into a high-voltage AC current H suitable for power transmission, as in the first embodiment.
- the transformer 4 includes a plurality of heat radiation fins 25 and a connection cover 26.
- the connection cover 26 is a connection portion (connection terminal) 4La between the low-voltage bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L from the panel housing 2 and the transformer 4. 4Lc, covering the connection portion (connection terminal) 4Ha to 4Hc between the high voltage bundle 8H of the high voltage cable 6H and the transformer 4.
- the low-pressure bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L and the high-pressure bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable 6H are provided with one insertion hole 27 (panel) near the rear surface (rear material) 2b of the panel housing 2.
- the low-pressure bundle 8L of the low-voltage cable 6L is disposed at a position closer to the panel housing 2 than the high-pressure bundle 8H of the high-voltage cable 6H.
- the cable 6H has a portion that does not overlap in any of a plan view, a front view, and a side view. Further, regarding the low voltage cable 6L and the high voltage cable 6H described so far, the low voltage cable 6L may be longer than the high voltage cable 6H in the switchboard 1 of the second embodiment.
- a support member 28 that supports each high-voltage cable 6H includes a first support portion 28a erected from the inner surface of the connection cover 26 of the transformer 4 to the panel housing 2 side, and a lower side from the tip of the first support portion 28a. And a third support portion 28c extending in a direction away from the panel housing 2 from the lower end of the second support portion 28b, and three high-voltage cables 6H are respectively provided. This is because they are attached to the support portions 28a to 28c at positions where they do not overlap vertically and horizontally. In this way, the low-voltage bundle 8L of the thick and heavy low-voltage cable 6L can be stabilized, and the distance between the high-voltage cables 6H can be increased to make the switchboard 1 compact.
- connection portion 4L of the low-voltage cable 6L that can be seen between the high-voltage cables 6H changes by slightly changing the viewing angle, and the operator reaches out from various angles and positions.
- operations such as connection of the low-pressure bundle 8L to the transformer 4 are facilitated.
- connection portion 4Lc of the low voltage cable 6L is visible between the connection portions 4Ha and 4Hb of the high voltage cable 6H.
- connection portion 4Lb of the low-voltage cable 6L can be seen between the connection portions 4Ha and 4Hb of the high-voltage cable 6H, and the low-pressure connection between the connection portions 4Hb and 4Hc of the high-voltage cable 6H.
- the connecting portion 4Lc of the cable 6L can be seen.
- connection cover 26 After the connection cover 26 is placed above the transformer 4, a screw or the like is attached to an abutting portion 26a (an elastic material such as rubber) provided on the left surface 2c of the panel housing 2 (the outer surface of the left surface material 2c).
- an abutting portion 26a an elastic material such as rubber
- the connection cover 26 may have a configuration in which the cover rear portion 26b remains even after the connection cover 26 is removed.
- the power transmission unit 5 is also the same as in the first embodiment, and the side closest to the transformer 4 in the panel housing 2 (the left surface 2 c to which the transformer 4 is attached (the outer surface of the left surface material 2 c )) Is located on the left side (right side in FIG. 13).
- the high-voltage cable 6H is substantially the same height as or slightly higher than the insertion hole 27.
- the high-voltage cable 6H extends to the vicinity of the VCB without being noticed and placed at a high position that is difficult to reach.
- the low voltage cable 6L traces from the transformer 4 to the conversion unit 3, it immediately enters the inside of the panel housing 2 through the insertion hole 27 and immediately enters the inner side surface 2e (side surface material 2e (left side material 2c, right side material 2d). ) And the left side along the inner floor surface 2h (the inner surface of the floor surface material 2h), and then connected to the conversion unit 3 and away from the power transmission unit 5.
- the low-voltage cable 6L (low-voltage bundle 8L) passing below the power transmission section 5 shown in FIG. 21 is arranged on the front side (a position away from the above-mentioned panel surface material 2j (rear surface material 2b) near the panel space 16). It can be said that it is established.
- FIG. 13 shows the air conditioners 22 are provided one by one at the front and rear halfway positions in the upper left and right of the switchboard 1 (in the panel housing 2) in front view, and the UPS 23 and the auxiliary machine 24 are located below the power transmission unit 5. Is arranged.
- FIG. 22 shows the state of convection in the panel housing 2. More specifically, although the air inlet of the air conditioner 22 is provided at a position (upper surface or rear surface) where the air blown from the air blowing means 9 flows, it is close to the left and right end sides. In the meantime, the flow of wind is ensured by the above-described notched support member 10 or the like.
- the air from the air conditioner 22 is blown along the front inner surface (the back surface (rear surface) of the door 7) of the panel housing 2 and toward the left and right center, so that the air from the air conditioner 22 is converted into the conversion unit 3. It enters the inside from the lower part, is blown upward by the blowing means 9, and returns to the air conditioner 22 again.
- the air flow from the air conditioner 22 enters the inside from below and exits upward, and returns to the air conditioner 22 again.
- FIG. 24 shows a photovoltaic power plant P using the switchboard 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the solar power generation plant P using the switchboard 1 of the first embodiment, the solar power generation plant P does not have the power transmission panel M.
- the solar cells D may be arranged according to the size and shape of the land to be installed. For example, a total of 84 solar cells D of 6 stages ⁇ 14 rows are connected to one junction box Z. If 30 sets are installed, 2520 sheets may be installed approximately 85m from north to south x approximately 70m from east to west (see Fig. 24 (b)). If the power generation per solar cell D is 250W, standard The solar cell array output is nominally 630 kW. As other arrangements, a total of 168 solar cells D of 4 stages ⁇ 42 rows are connected to one junction box Z, and the same 2520 pieces are installed, or a total of 168 pieces of 6 stages ⁇ 28 rows is installed. 15 sets of solar cells D connected to one junction box Z are collected on one switchboard 1, and four switchboards 1 are installed to provide 1,080 solar cells D (standard solar cell array output is nominally (2520 kW by value) may be arranged.
- the solar cell D and the connection box Z are divided into north and south by 15 sets, and the switchboard 1 is installed in the center between them (for uniform / shortening the length of the DC cable 11). Further, since the switchboard 1 has the door 7 facing northward, the rear outer surface of the panel housing 2 (outer surface of the rear surface material 2b) faces southward, and the left outer surface to which the transformer 4 is attached (outer surface of the left surface material 2c) is Turn west.
- the other switchboard 1 the structure of the photovoltaic power generation plant P using the switchboard 1, an effect, and a usage aspect are the same as that of 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 25 shows a switchboard 1 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- This third embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments in that it has only one converter 3 and the current collector 21 (auxiliary device 20) is between the converter 3 and the power transmitter 5. It is a point that is located. That is, the third embodiment includes one conversion unit 3, one transformer 4, one power transmission unit 5, and one current collection unit 21, and the conversion unit 3, the current collection unit 21, the power transmission unit 5, and the transformer 4. Are arranged in this order in the direction from the left surface 2c (left surface material 2c) of the panel housing 2 to the right surface 2d (right surface material 2d).
- the transformer 4 and the power transmission unit 5 are arranged side by side in a predetermined direction in this order, and the conversion unit 3 and the current collecting unit 21 (auxiliary device 20) are arranged around the power transmission unit 5 as a transformer. It is arranged on the side away from 4.
- the other switchboard 1 the structure of the photovoltaic power generation plant P using the switchboard 1, an effect, and a usage aspect are the same as that of 1st, 2nd embodiment.
- ⁇ Fourth embodiment> 26 and 27 show a switchboard 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the difference of the fourth embodiment from the first to third embodiments is that the high-voltage cable 6H and the low-voltage cable 6L are movable in the panel housing 2 by the user of the switchboard 1 in the panel housing 2. It is a point arranged near the board surface material 2j on the opposite side to the inner space 16.
- the number of conversion units 3 is not limited.
- FIG. 26 shows a low-voltage cable 6L (a low-pressure bundle 6L that is a bundle thereof) disposed downward from the vicinity of the insertion hole 27 toward the floor surface material 2h inside the panel housing 2, and is a fourth embodiment.
- the panel housing 2 When the low-voltage cable 6L (low-voltage bundle 6L) enters and exits through the insertion hole 27, the panel housing 2 is located near the rear surface material 2b, which is the surface material 2j on the opposite side of the above-described space 16 in the panel. Is disposed along the inner side surface 2e (the inner surface of the side surface material 2e (left surface material 2c, right surface material 2d)) and extends downward.
- FIG. 27 shows a high-voltage cable 6H (a bundle of high-voltage bundles 6H, which is a bundle thereof) disposed outside the panel casing 2 and from the vicinity of the insertion hole 27 above the transformer 4 inward of the panel casing 2 toward the power transmission unit 5.
- the high-voltage cable 6H (high-pressure bundle 6H) in the fourth embodiment enters and exits through the insertion hole 27 in the same manner as the low-voltage cable 6L (low-pressure bundle 8L)
- It is disposed near the rear surface material 2b, which is the surface material 2j on the opposite side to the space 16, and extends inward of the panel housing 2 while maintaining the same height as the insertion hole 27.
- Other switchboards 1, the configuration, operational effects, and usage of the solar power plant P using the switchboard 1 are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.
- Each structure of the switchboard 1 etc. or the whole structure, shape, dimension, etc. can be suitably changed along the meaning of the present invention.
- the switchboard 1 can also be used when an alternating current is allowed to flow, such as wind power generation, in addition to solar power generation.
- the switchboard 1 may have a built-in storage battery. If there is a surplus in the amount of power generation such as solar power generation, the storage battery is charged. If the amount of power generation is reduced (cloudy, rainy or at night), the storage battery The amount of electricity used by each house (customer) may be covered by the electric power from.
- the inner surface 2f of the panel housing 2 refers to the inner ceiling surface 2g (the inner surface of the ceiling surface material 2g), the inner side surface 2e (the inner surface of the side surface material 2e (the left surface material 2c, the right surface material 2d)), the inner floor.
- the surface 2h inner surface of the floor surface material 2h
- it refers to a surface inside the panel housing 2, such as the rear surface 2i of the door 7.
- the panel surface material 2j of the panel housing 2 refers to the front surface material 2a, the rear surface material 2b, the left surface material 2c, the right surface material 2d, the ceiling surface material 2g, the floor surface material 2h, the door 7 and the like.
- the switchboard 1 may be provided with a hook that can be lifted by a crane or the like on the outer surface of the ceiling surface material 2g of the panel casing 2, and a foundation in which the entire switchboard 1 lifted through this hook is constructed in advance. It may be installed on the (base).
- This foundation may be made of any material such as concrete or steel (H steel), and the shape thereof is a solid foundation having a uniform thickness or a space below the floor surface material 2h of the panel housing 2. It may be a getter foundation having a dent or the like.
- the number of conversion units 3 is two or one, but may be three or more as long as the conversion unit 3 is arranged on the side away from the transformer 4 with the power transmission unit 5 as the center.
- the transformer 4 and the power transmission unit 5 may be arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the predetermined direction arranged in this order, and three or more conversion units 3 may be arranged.
- the some conversion part 3 containing 2 or 3 or more may be arrange
- the conversion part 3 may be arrange
- the conversion unit 3 and the power transmission unit 5 and the power transmission units 5 are adjacent (close to each other), and the panel housing 2 is further increased by the distances K and K ′. Compactness can be achieved.
- the conversion units 3 are arranged at positions that do not have at least the mutual distance K ′, the conversion units 3 are arranged at positions where the backs are facing each other and the backs are adjacent to each other, like the power transmission unit 5.
- a door or the like for opening and closing each conversion unit 3 may be provided on the front surface (front material) 2 a and the rear surface (rear material) 2 b of the panel housing 2.
- the air blowing means 9 may be provided not only on the upper surface of the conversion housing 14 but also on the front surface of the conversion housing 14 or the like as long as air is allowed to escape from the conversion unit 3. Moreover, the position which receives the ventilation of the ventilation means 9 receives ventilation from the front directly like the inner ceiling surface 2g (inner surface of the ceiling surface material 2g) facing the ventilation means 9 provided in the upper surface of the conversion housing
- the inner surface 2e (the inner surface of the side material 2e (the left surface material 2c, the right surface material 2d)) or the inner floor surface 2h (the floor surface) that the air blowing means 9 strikes by the convection of the air in the panel housing 2
- the inner surface of the material 2 h), the rear surface 2 i of the door 7, etc. are also positions that receive the air blown by the air blowing means 9.
- the entrance door 7 b may be provided on the opposite side of the panel housing 2 from the transformer 4.
- the two conversion units 3 (each conversion unit 3) may be arranged adjacent to (contacting with) the power transmission unit 5 and the low voltage unit 15 may be arranged in the same space as the power transmission unit 5.
- the switchboard 1 can be used in a system that generates power by a generator (motor) rotated by wind power, hydraulic power, wave power, etc., in addition to a solar power plant, and can be used regardless of whether it is outdoors or indoors.
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Abstract
Description
この変電設備ユニットは、ガス絶縁開閉装置を収納したガス絶縁開閉装置キュービクル、変圧器本体とこの変圧器本体よりも上方に配置して上記変圧器本体の熱を放散する冷却器とからなり、上記ガス絶縁開閉装置キュービクルに1次側を直結したガス絶縁変圧器、およびこのガス絶縁変圧器の2次側に直結した配電盤を備え、これらのガス絶縁開閉装置キュービクル、ガス絶縁変圧器、および配電盤を同一のベース上に設置して一つのパッケージとなし、トレーラによる一括輸送を可能としている。
そのため、変圧器から配電網等へ送電する際に、電力の損失を抑える目的で非常に高圧(特別高圧等)まで昇圧した場合、各機器を単純に電流の順次所定方向に並べただけでは、使用者の点検時などにおける高圧部分との不用意な接触を避けるべく、高圧部分(変圧器本体や高圧など)と他の機器の間に十分な周囲スペースの確保が必須となる。
又、特許文献1の変電設備ユニットは、各機器を電流の流れに従って並べただけでは、所定方向の長さが延び、ユニット全体の大型化や、輸送・設置に必要とされるスペースが非常に長大となる。
更に、特許文献1の変電設備ユニットは、その特許文献1の実施の形態4で、各機器の外箱を冷媒通路として中空化するなど、各機器の外箱分だけ、重量・容量が増加する。
尚、本発明における「並列に配置されている」とは、2組の低圧束8Lと1組の高圧束8Hのうち少なくとも1組が、「平面視、正面視及び側面視のうち少なくとも1つで、並列に配置されている」との意味である。
これと同時に、特許文献1のように各機器ごとに設けた筐体(外箱)を設けた場合と比べて、各機器の筐体(外箱)や、各機器の間のスペースの分だけ、コンパクト化が図られ、重量の低減にも繋がる。
つまり、「不用意な接触の抑制」と「盤の小型化」の両立を実現できる。
この両立は、盤筐体2内で送電部5より内側に、変換部3と補助機器20を設けた場合や、低圧ケーブル6Lを高圧ケーブル6Hより長くし且つ高圧ケーブル6H及び低圧ケーブル6Lを盤内スペース16とは反対側の盤面材2j寄りに配設した場合も同様である。
又、本発明の配電盤1を、配電盤システムと呼んでも良い。
更に、各変換部3を送電部5と距離をあけて配置すると共に、変換部3同士を互いに距離をあけて配置することで、使用者が、盤筐体2内で、移動したり、変換部3、送電部5などのメンテナンスを行う等のスペース(盤内スペース16)を確保できる。
尚、盤内スペース16は、配電盤1の使用者が、盤筐体2内で移動可能なスペースであれば、何れの広さ・形状でも良い。
又、配電盤は、前記変換部3内から空気を逃がす送風手段9の送風を受ける位置にある前記盤筐体2の内面2fに、この内面2fから突出した部分を切り欠いて突出高さを抑えた支持材10が設けられている場合もある。
更に、配電盤は、前記盤筐体2外から変換部3へ直流電流を流し込む直流ケーブル11に、この直流ケーブル11を遮断する複数のブレーカ12が設けられ、これらの各ブレーカ12は、三相交流用のブレーカを、その流入側T相端子と流出側S相端子を接続具13で接続して用い、この接続具13は、前記ブレーカ12における前記盤筐体2の後面(後面材)2b側のみに位置している場合もある。
ここで、低圧ケーブル6Lの電力と高圧ケーブル6Hの電力が略同じであるとすれば、(電力)=(電圧)×(電流)であるから、低圧ケーブル6Lに流れる低圧交流電流Lが、高圧ケーブル6Hに流れる高圧交流電流Hより多くなることに起因している。
更に、通常、ケーブルの許容電流はその断面積に比例する(ケーブルの断面積が大きいほど、多くの電流が流れる)ことから、低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lの方が、高圧ケーブルの高圧束8Hよりも太くなり、同じ銅の素材を使っていれば、低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lの方が、高圧ケーブルの高圧束8Hよりも重くなり得る。
従って、太く重くなる低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lを、低圧束8Lより細くて軽くなる高圧束8Hより低い位置に配設した場合には、低圧束8Lの安定化が図れると共に、低圧束8Lを高圧束8Hより盤筐体2の近くに配設した場合には、細い高圧束8Hの隙間から太い低圧束8Lのトランス4への接続等が容易となり、逆に配設した時よりも、低圧ケーブル6Lと高圧ケーブル6Hの両方のメンテナンス性を同時に向上できる。
又、高圧束8Hを、各高圧ケーブル6Hが平面視、正面視及び側面視の何れもで重複しない部分を有するように構成した場合には、限られた空間の中で各高圧ケーブル6H間の距離を最大限大きく出来るので、結果的に、配電盤1としてのコンパクト化を図れると同時に、図5、6に示したように、見る角度を少し変えるだけで、各高圧ケーブル6H間から見える低圧ケーブル6Lの接続部分4Lが変わり、各高圧ケーブル6H自体のトランス4へ接続と、各高圧ケーブル6Hの間から低圧束8Lのトランス4への接続が更に容易となる。
更に加えて、変換部3内から空気を逃がす送風手段9の送風を受ける位置にある盤筐体2の内面2fに、この内面2fから突出した部分を切り欠いて突出高さを抑えた支持材10を設けた場合には、送風手段9の送風によって生じる盤筐体2内における空気の対流を妨げることなく、盤筐体2で支持材10が設けられた部分を、内面2f側から補強できる。
そして、盤筐体2外から変換部3への直流ケーブル11を遮断する複数のブレーカ12を設け、各ブレーカ12として、ブレーカの流入側T相端子と流出側S相端子を接続具13で接続したものを用い、接続具13を、ブレーカ12における盤筐体2の後面(後面材)2b側のみに位置させた場合には、ブレーカ12の左右側面に接続具13が位置するよりも広幅とはならず、隣接する各ブレーカ12を、正面視において近接配置することが可能となって、所定空間により多くのブレーカ12を配設でき、結果的に、配電盤1全体のコンパクト化を実現できる。
<第1実施形態>
図1~12には、本発明の第1実施形態に係る配電盤1が示されている。
この配電盤1は、1つの盤筐体2と、この盤筐体2外(太陽電池D等)からの直流電流を集める集電部21と、この集電部21を経た直流電流を低圧交流電流Lに変える変換部3と、この変換部3からの低圧交流電流Lをより高圧な高圧交流電流Hに変圧するトランス4と、このトランス4からの高圧交流電流Hを盤筐体2外(後述の配電網Nや、送電盤M等)へ送電する送電部5を有している。
図1~5で示されたように、第1実施形態の配電盤1では、2つの変換部3と、1つのトランス4と、1つの送電部5を有しており、1つのトランス4と1つの送電部5をこの順で所定方向に並べつつ、これらに略直交するように2つの変換部を並べている。
尚、このモータからの出力電流が交流であれば、変換部3は、交流を直流に変換するコンバータ装置と、この直流を交流に変換するインバータ装置の両方を備えていれば良く、出力電流が直流であれば、変換部3はインバータ装置だけを備えていれば良いが、以下は、太陽電池Dのように、直流電流が変換部3へ流れ込む場合を述べる。
図1~5に示されたように、盤筐体2は、略直方体状に形成されていて、その前面(前面材)2a及び後面(後面材)2bには、それぞれ開閉可能な扉7(送電部前扉7a、出入扉7b、送電部後扉7c)が設けられている。
尚、略直方体状の盤筐体2における「前後」とは、出入扉7bがある側を「前」とし、出入扉7bがある側とは反対の側を「後」とする。
更に、盤筐体2における「左右」とは、盤筐体2に入った使用者が、盤筐体2における「後」から「前」へ向いた時の左手側を「左」とし、「後」から「前」へ向いた時の右手側を「右」とする。
尚、当然、トランス4やエアコン22の室外機等が、盤筐体2における左右逆側の面材に取り付けられていても良い。
又、盤筐体2の前面(前面材)2aにおいては、送電部前扉7aにおけるトランス4と反対の側(トランス4から遠ざかる側)に、送電部前扉7aに隣接して、出入扉7bが設けられている。
尚、盤筐体2の内部は、集電部21、変換部3、送電部5等を仕切り且つ支える支持部材31で補強されており、上述した送電部前扉7aと送電部後扉7cは、盤筐体2内における送電部5が配置されたスペースを開閉できるのであれば、この支持部材31に設けられていても良い。
図1、6にて示したように、集電部21は、変換部3が配置されたスペース内に設けられている。尚、集電部21は、後述する第2実施形態のように、変換部3とは、別のスペースに設けられていても良い。
集電部21は、盤筐体2外からの直流電流を集めるものであれば、その構成に特に限定はないが、例えば、盤筐体2内の右部(図1では左部)に位置し、上下方向に並んだ複数のブレーカ12が、左右一対に配設されている。
尚、この集電部21を経なくては、変換部3の変換だけでなく、トランス4による変圧も、送電部5の送電も行うことが出来ないため、集電部21は、送電部5の送電、変換部3の変換及びトランス4の変圧を補う補助機器20である。
又、変換部3と同じスペースに設けられた補助機器20(集電部21)は、送電部5を中心としてトランス4から遠ざかる側に配置されていると言える。
図1、6にて示したように、変換部3は、太陽電池Dからの直流電流を低圧交流電流L(例えば、100~200V等)に変換するインバータ装置と、このインバータ装置が変換する交流の電圧や周波数を制御する制御部と、気中遮断機(ACB)等を備えている。
これらのインバータ装置や制御部、遮断機等は、変換筐体14内に配設されており、この変換筐体14には、その内部の空気を逃がす回転ファン状の送風手段9が設けられている。
この送風手段9は、その構成に特に限定はないが、例えば、後述する第2実施形態の送風手段9であっても良い。
尚、このような変換部3は、パワコン(パワーコンディショナーの略)とも呼ばれる。
これは、1つのトランス4と1つの送電部5が、この順で所定方向に並んで配置されていると共に、2つの変換部3が、1つの送電部5を中心としてトランス4から(平面視、正面視及び側面視の少なくとも1つで)遠ざかる側に配置されているとも言える。
更に換言すれば、2つの変換部3は、所定方向に並んだ1つのトランス4と1つの送電部5を基端として、この送電部5から枝分かれ状に配置されており、1つのトランス4、1つの送電部5、2つの変換部3が、平面視で略V字型に配置されているとも言える。
これと同時に、特許文献1のように各機器ごとに設けた筐体(外箱)を設けた場合と比べて、各機器の筐体(外箱)や、各機器の間のスペースの分だけ、コンパクト化が図られ、重量の低減にも繋がる。
つまり、「不用意な接触の抑制」と「盤の小型化」の両立を実現できる。
つまり、この一方の変換部3(前変換部3a)は、送電部5と距離K(前変換部3aと送電部5との間の距離(前距離)Ka)をあけて配置されており、この前距離Kaは、出入扉7bから入った使用者が、盤筐体2内で、移動したり、変換部3、送電部5などのメンテナンスを行う等のスペース(盤内スペース16)を確保できる距離であれば、何れの値でも構わない。
尚、盤内スペース16は、配電盤1の使用者が盤筐体2内で移動可能なスペースであれば、何れの広さ・形状でも良い。
この後距離Kbは、エアコン22、UPS23、補機24等を配置するのに十分なスペースを確保できる距離であれば、何れの値でも構わない。
尚、エアコン22、UPS23、補機24等には、変換部3のように、トランス4で変圧(昇圧)した高圧交流電流Hより低い電圧の電流が流れる。
又、2つの変換部3a、3b同士も、互いに距離(前変換部3aと後変換部3bとの間の相互距離)K’をあけて配置されており、この相互距離K’は、前距離Kaと同様に、使用者が、盤筐体2内で、移動したり、変換部3、送電部5などのメンテナンスを行う等のスペースを確保できる距離であれば、何れの値でも構わない。
尚、図1に示したように、第1実施形態の配電盤1においては、盤内スペース16は、平面視で略L字状となっている。
第1実施形態の盤内スペース16は、詳解すれば、相互距離K’の2つの変換部3a、4b間の変換部間スペース16’と、このスペース16’の一端から互いの距離が距離Kaである前変換部3aと送電部5の間を通って出入扉7bまでの変換部・送電部間スペース16aを有している。
図1、6で示したように、トランス4は、所謂、変圧器であって、それぞれの変換部3からの低圧交流電流L(例えば、100~200V等)を、送電に適した高圧交流電流H(例えば、22000Vや6600V等)に変換する。
尚、トランスとは、トランスフォーマーの略である。
この接続カバー26は、盤筐体2からの低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lとトランス4との接続部分(接続端子)、高圧ケーブル6Hの高圧束8Hとトランス4との接続部分(接続端子)を被っている。尚、接続カバー26の具体的な構成は、何れのものでも良く、取り外した後も、そのカバー後部26bが残る構成であっても良い。
これら低圧束8Lと高圧束8Hは、盤筐体2の左面(左面材)2cに設けられた唯一の挿通孔27(盤筐体2の内外に亘る位置)を通って、盤筐体2外のトランス4上方へ出ている。
言うならば、2組の低圧束8Lは、2つの変換部3に向かって、挿通孔27を基端として、この挿通孔27から枝分かれ状に配置されている(図1参照)。
尚、1組の低圧束8Lとは、複数の低圧束8Lが集まって1組となったものを含み、1組の高圧束8Hも、同様に、複数の高圧束8Hが集まって1組となったものを含む。
これにより、盤筐体2におけるトランス4側の面材(部分)に低圧束8Lと、高圧束8Hを一括配置可能となって「構造の簡素化」が図れ、且つ、各束8L、8Hは、各ケーブル6L、6Hの長手方向に沿って揃えられるため、最もケーブルが集中する挿通孔27で省スペース化が図れる。
尚、盤筐体2外では、低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lは、高圧ケーブル6Hの高圧束8Hより盤筐体2の近くで且つ低い位置に配設されていても良く、特に、高圧束8Hは、各高圧ケーブル6Hが、平面視、正面視及び側面視の何れもで重複しない部分を有していても構わない。
又、図1で示されたように、ここまで述べてきた低圧ケーブル6L(低圧束8L)と高圧ケーブル6H(高圧束8H)について、第1実施形態の配電盤1では、低圧ケーブル6Lを高圧ケーブル6Hより長くしても良い。
図1、6で示したように、送電部5は、盤筐体2内で最もトランス4に近い側(トランス4が取り付けられた左面(左面材)2c側)である左部(図1では右部)に位置し、真空遮断機(VCB)や、避雷器(SAR)などを備える。
送電部5は、盤筐体2の外部として、配電ケーブルGを介して配電網Nに接続したり、複数の配電盤1からの電力を取り纏めて送電する送電盤Mを介して配電網Nに接続するなど、最終的に配電網Nに導通し送電可能な構成であれば良い。
尚、送電部5は、特別高圧な電力(例えば、22000V等)を送電する場合には、特高部とも言え、トランスミッターとも言える。
図6で示したように、エアコン22やUPS23は、補機24から電流(電力)を供給されている。
エアコン22は、盤筐体2内の空気を循環できるのであれば、盤筐体2内の左右上部で且つ前後中途位置など、何れの位置に設けていても構わない。
補機24は、補機トランス(変圧器)や遮断機を備え、変換部3における制御電源やファン電源、エアコン22、UPS23、盤筐体2内の照明、コンセント等に電力を供給する。
尚、この補機24から制御電源を供給されるため、変換部3は、補機24が無くては、電流の変換できない。
更に、変換部3が変換できなければ、トランス4による変圧も、送電部5の送電も行うことが出来ないとも言える。よって、補機24は、送電部5の送電、変換部3の変換及びトランス4の変圧を補う補助機器20に含まれる場合もある。
これにより、盤筐体2内で、この補助機器20よりも、送電部5がトランス4に近い側に配設されることとなり、その結果、盤筐体2内における送電部5からトランス4への高圧ケーブル6Hの長さが、可及的に短くなり、補助機器20を使用者が点検する等の際にも、高圧部分と不用意に接触する可能性が減る。
図6と図7にわたって、本発明の第1実施形態に係る配電盤1を用いた太陽光発電プラントPが示されている。
この太陽光発電プラントPは、多数の太陽電池Dと、これら多数の太陽電池Dのうち所定数ごとと導通する複数の接続箱Z(遮断機等付き)と、これら複数の接続箱Z全てと導通する複数の配電盤1と、これら複数の配電盤1を取り纏める送電盤Mと、この送電盤Mと電柱等を末端とする配電網Nを導通する配電ケーブルGと、この配電ケーブルGを流れる電力量を測る電力量計を有している。
又最終的に送電盤Mから配電網Nへ送電する時の電圧は、売電や買電が可能な電圧(例えば、6600V等)でも良いが、送電盤Mと複数の配電盤1の間は、必ずしも売電・買電可能な電圧でなくとも良く、送電盤Mへ配電盤1が送電する電圧は、売電・買電可能な電圧よりも高圧(例えば、特別高圧(特高)として、例えば、22000V等)であっても構わない。この場合は、送電盤Mは、売電・買電可能な電圧まで降圧する変圧器を備えている。
又、太陽電池D、接続箱Z、配電盤1、送電盤Mは、設置する土地の広さ・形状に応じて配列するが、例えば、1つの配電盤1の発電力を、例えば、1500kW(各変換部3当たり750kW)とし、この配電盤1を複数台(例えば、10台以上で15000kW(15MW)以上、20台で30000kW(30MW))設けた太陽光発電プラントPとしても良い。
又、太陽電池Dだけでなく、当然、配電盤1自身にも太陽光が当たり、配電盤1内の温度上昇等に繋がる。
そこで、配電盤1における遮熱処理について、以下に述べる。
ここでは、屋外で日中、3種類の盤(箱)の4面(前面材2a、後面材2b、左面材2c、右面材2d)を東西南北に向けた場合、盤の東向きの面材(つまり、東面)、南面、西面、天井面(天井面材2gの外面)の表面温度、及び盤内部の温度が、遮熱処理の有無や、その処理方法の違いで、どのように変化するかを、図8~12に示す。
尚、3種類の盤とは、遮熱処理を施していない通常塗装の盤(図8~12中のA)と、遮熱塗装を施した盤(図8~12中のB)と、天井面(天井面材2gの外面)は遮熱塗装をし、東面、南面、西面に遮熱板を取り付けた盤(図8~12中のC)である。
又、測定日は2009年8月19日で、この日の天候は晴天であった。
尚、遮熱塗装と遮熱板は、略同じ特性と言える。
尚、この遮熱板29を、盤筐体2の外面との間に若干の隙間を有するように取り付けた場合には、盤筐体2側へ熱が伝わり難い。
又、配電盤1の左面2c(左面材2cの外面)上部にも、遮熱塗装を施しても良い。
図13~24には、本発明の第2実施形態に係る配電盤1が示されている。
この第2実施形態において第1実施形態と最も異なるのは、変換部3を1つだけ有する点である。
つまり、第2実施形態は、1つの変換部3と1つのトランス4と1つの送電部5を有し、トランス4、送電部5、変換部3は、この順で盤筐体2の左面2c(左面材2c)から右面2d(右面材2d)へ向かう方向に並べて配置されている。
何れの向きにせよ、トランス4と送電部5が、この順で所定方向に並んで配置されていると共に、少なくとも変換部3は、送電部5を中心としてトランス4から遠ざかる側に配置されていると言える。
図13~16に示されたように、第2実施形態も、盤筐体2は、略直方体状に形成されていて、開閉可能な扉7が4つ設けられている(これら4つの扉7が設けられている側が、前面(前面材)2aである)。
尚、これら4つの扉7は、何れもが、使用者が出入りできるため、出入扉7bであるとも言える。
又、第2実施形態の配電盤1も、出入扉7bから入った使用者が、盤筐体2内で、移動したり、変換部3、送電部5などのメンテナンスを行う等の盤内スペース16が設けられており、第1実施形態と同様に、盤内スペース16は、配電盤1の使用者が盤筐体2内で移動可能なスペースであれば、何れの広さ・形状でも良い。
尚、図14に示したように、第2実施形態の配電盤1においては、盤内スペース16は、平面視で略I字状(一直線状)となっている。
第2実施形態の盤内スペース16は、詳解すれば、盤筐体2において各扉7が設けられた前面(前面材)2aと、変換部3、送電部5、集電部21や補助機器20等との間のスペースである。
盤筐体2の内部には、集電部21、変換部3、送電部5等を仕切り且つ支える支持部材や、後述の支持材10等で補強されている。
図13~15にて示したように、集電部21は、盤筐体2内の右部(図13では左部)に位置しており、変換部3よりも更に右側に配置されている。
従って、第2実施形態でも、集電部21(補助機器20)も、送電部5を中心としてトランス4から遠ざかる側に配置されている。
各ブレーカ12には、太陽電池Dから後述の接続箱Zを経た直流電流を流す直流ケーブル11が、盤筐体2の左下方から各ブレーカ12の後方で接続されている。
これと共に、各ブレーカ12は、正面視において更に近接に配置できる分、集電部21の正面から直流ケーブル11を配設するスペースが広く確保できると同時に、集電部21及び配電盤1全体としてもコンパクト化が図れる。尚、ブレーカ12は、流入側及び流出側の各端子を、それぞれで覆うカバー12aを有していても良い。
更に、この接続具13は、導電性を有した細長い板材であって、その両端をブレーカ12後面から後方へ延びる棒状体に係止して、ナット等の固定具によって固定される。
図13、14、24にて示したように、変換部3は、1つだけであり、盤筐体2内の左右中央部に位置している。
つまり、第2実施形態では、変換部3も、送電部5を中心としてトランス4から遠ざかる側に配置されている。
尚、この送風手段9からの送風は、その正対する盤筐体2の内面2f(内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)等)に当たる(つまり、内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)が、送風手段9からの送風を受ける)が、この内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)から突出した部分を切り欠いて突出高さを抑えた支持材10が、平面視で、送風手段9の左方近傍に設けられている(図13参照)。
この支持材10の突出高さを抑えることで、送風手段9からの送風が、内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)に沿って流れ、余計な渦を巻いて留まることがなくなり、盤筐体2内で対流が起こるため、変換部3が十分に冷却される。
尚、図22のように、支持材10における前後中途部の突出高さを、内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)と略面一となるように、抑えていても良い。
図13~21で示したように、トランス4は、第1実施形態と同様に、変換部3からの低圧交流電流Lを、送電に適した高圧交流電流Hに変換する。
トランス4は、複数の放熱フィン25と、接続カバー26を備えており、この接続カバー26は、盤筐体2からの低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lとトランス4との接続部分(接続端子)4La~4Lc、高圧ケーブル6Hの高圧束8Hとトランス4との接続部分(接続端子)4Ha~4Hcを被っている。
盤筐体2外では、低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lは、高圧ケーブル6Hの高圧束8Hより盤筐体2の近くで且つ低い位置に配設されており、特に、高圧束8Hは、各高圧ケーブル6Hが、平面視、正面視及び側面視の何れもで重複しない部分を有している。
又、ここまで述べてきた低圧ケーブル6Lと高圧ケーブル6Hについて、第2実施形態の配電盤1でも、低圧ケーブル6Lを高圧ケーブル6Hより長くしても良い。
このように、太く重くなる低圧ケーブル6Lの低圧束8Lの安定化が図れ、各高圧ケーブル6H間の距離を大きくして、配電盤1としてのコンパクト化を図れる。
又、図17、18で示した如く、見る角度を少し変えるだけで、各高圧ケーブル6H間から見える、低圧ケーブル6Lの接続部分4Lが変わり、様々な角度・位置から、作業者が手を伸ばして、低圧束8Lのトランス4への接続等の作業がし易くなる。
尚、接続カバー26は、トランス4の上方に載置した後、盤筐体2の左面2c(左面材2cの外面)に設けられた当接部26a(ゴム等の弾性素材)にネジ等の固定具によって取り付けられることで、接続カバー26内部が密封される。又、上述の固定具を外すだけで、接続カバー26全体が容易にトランス4から取り外せる。尚、接続カバー26は、取り外した後も、そのカバー後部26bが残る構成であっても良い。
図13、21で示したように、送電部5も、第1実施形態と同様で、盤筐体2内で最もトランス4に近い側(トランス4が取り付けられた左面2c(左面材2cの外面))である左部(図13では右部)に位置している。
送電部5において、盤筐体2の挿通孔27を介して出入りしてくる各ケーブル6L、6Hの束8L、8Hのうち、高圧ケーブル6Hは、挿通孔27と略同じ高さか若干高い位置のままVCB近傍まで延び、高圧ケーブル6Hを、人目に付かず届きにくい高い位置で配置している。
逆に、低圧ケーブル6Lは、トランス4から変換部3に辿る際には、挿通孔27から盤筐体2内部へ入ってすぐに、内側面2e(側面材2e(左面材2c、右面材2d)の内面)に沿って下方に伸び、内床面2h(床面材2hの内面)に沿って左方に延びた後、変換部3に接続され、送電部5から遠ざけている。尚、図21に示された送電部5の下方を通る低圧ケーブル6L(低圧束8L)は、手前(上述した盤内スペース16寄りの盤面材2j(後面材2b)から離れた位置)に配設されているとも言える。
図13で示したように、エアコン22は、正面視で配電盤1(盤筐体2内)の左右上部で前後中途位置に1つずつ設けられ、UPS23や補機24は、送電部5の下方に配置されている。
図22には、盤筐体2内の対流の様子が示されている。
詳解すれば、エアコン22の吸気口は、上述の送風手段9からの送風が流れ込む位置(上面又は背面)に設けられているものの、左右一端側に寄っているので、送風手段9とエアコン22の間は、上述の切り欠いた支持材10等によって、風の流れを確保する。
又、同様に、集電部21やUPS23、補機24も、エアコン22の送風が下方から内部に進入し上方へ抜けて、再びエアコン22に戻る流れとなる。
図24は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る配電盤1を用いた太陽光発電プラントPを示す。
この太陽光発電プラントPは、第1実施形態の配電盤1を用いた太陽光発電プラントPと異なり、送電盤Mを有していない。
この他の配列として、4段×42列の合計168個の太陽電池Dを1つの接続箱Zに導通したセットを15個として同じ2520枚を設置したり、6段×28列の合計168個の太陽電池Dを1つの接続箱Zに導通した15セットを1つの配電盤1に集電し、この配電盤1を4つ設置することで、太陽電池Dを10080枚(標準太陽電池アレイ出力が公称値で2520kW)配列しても良い。
その他の配電盤1、配電盤1を用いた太陽光発電プラントPの構成、作用効果及び使用態様は、第1実施形態と同様である。
図25には、本発明の第3実施形態に係る配電盤1が示されている。
この第3実施形態における第1、2実施形態との相違点は、変換部3を1つだけ有することと共に、集電部21(補助機器20)が、変換部3と送電部5の間に位置している点である。
つまり、第3実施形態は、1つの変換部3と1つのトランス4と1つの送電部5と1つの集電部21を有し、変換部3、集電部21、送電部5、トランス4は、この順で盤筐体2の左面2c(左面材2c)から右面2d(右面材2d)へ向かう方向に並べて配置されている。
その他の配電盤1、配電盤1を用いた太陽光発電プラントPの構成、作用効果及び使用態様は、第1、2実施形態と同様である。
図26、27には、本発明の第4実施形態に係る配電盤1が示されている。
この第4実施形態における第1~3実施形態との相違点は、高圧ケーブル6H及び低圧ケーブル6Lが、盤筐体2内において、配電盤1の使用者が盤筐体2内で移動可能な盤内スペース16とは反対側の盤面材2j寄りに配設されている点である。
尚、第4実施形態において、変換部3の個数は問わない。
このように後面材2b寄りに配設されるのは、低圧ケーブル6Lの下方に延びる部分だけでなく、低圧ケーブル6Lにおける送電部5の下方を通って変換部3までの部分も、後面材2b寄りに配設される。
その他の配電盤1、配電盤1を用いた太陽光発電プラントPの構成、作用効果及び使用態様は、第1~3実施形態と同様である。
本発明は、前述した実施形態に限定されるものではない。配電盤1等の各構成又は全体の構造、形状、寸法などは、本発明の趣旨に沿って適宜変更することが出来る。
配電盤1は、太陽光発電以外に、風力発電等、交流電流を流入させた場合にも、利用可能である。
配電盤1は蓄電池を内蔵しても良く、太陽光発電等の発電量に余剰が生じた場合には、蓄電池に充電し、発電量が減った場合(曇り・雨天時や夜間)には、蓄電池からの電力で、各住宅(需要家)の使用量をまかなっても良い。
盤筐体2の内面2fとは、具体的には、内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)や内側面2e(側面材2e(左面材2c、右面材2d)の内面)、内床面2h(床面材2hの内面)の他、扉7の後面2iなど、盤筐体2の内側にある面を指す。
盤筐体2の盤面材2jとは、前面材2a、後面材2b、左面材2c、右面材2d、天井面材2g、床面材2hの他、扉7等を指す。
その他、配電盤1は、盤筐体2の天井面材2g外面に、クレーン等で吊上可能なフックを設けていても良く、このフックを介して吊り上げた配電盤1全体を、事前に施工した基礎(土台)上に据え付けても構わない。
この基礎は、コンクリート製や、鋼材(H鋼)製など何れの素材でも良く、その形状も、一様な厚みを持つベタ基礎や、盤筐体2の床面材2h下方に空間を形成するよう凹み等を有したゲタ基礎であっても構わない。
変換部3は、送電部5との間の距離K(前距離Ka、後距離Kb)及び/又は相互距離K’を有さない位置に配置されていても良い。これらの距離K、K’を有さないことで、変換部3と送電部5や、送電部5同士が隣接(近接)し、距離K、K’の分だけ、盤筐体2の更なるコンパクト化が図れる。
尚、2つの変換部3が相互距離K’を少なくとも有さない位置に配置された場合には、各変換部3が互いに背を向け且つ背を隣接させる位置に配置し、送電部5のように、盤筐体2の前面(前面材)2a及び後面(後面材)2bに、各変換部3を開閉する扉等を設けても良い。
又、送風手段9の送風を受ける位置とは、変換筐体14の上面に設けられた送風手段9に正対する内天井面2g(天井面材2gの内面)のように、真正面から送風を受ける場合だけでなく、盤筐体2内の空気の対流によって、送風手段9の送風が当たる内側面2e(側面材2e(左面材2c、右面材2d)の内面)や内床面2h(床面材2hの内面)、扉7の後面2iなども、送風手段9の送風を受ける位置となる。
出入扉7bを、盤筐体2におけるトランス4とは反対側に設けても良い。この場合、2つの変換部3(各変換部3)を、送電部5に隣接(当接)させて配置し、低圧部15は、送電部5と同じスペースに配置しても良い。
2 盤筐体
3 変換部
4 トランス
5 送電部
16 盤内スペース
6L 低圧ケーブル
6H 高圧ケーブル
20 補助機器
L 低圧交流電流
H 高圧交流電流
Claims (5)
- 1つの盤筐体(2)と、この盤筐体(2)外からの直流電流又は交流電流を低圧交流電流(L)に変換する変換部(3)と、この変換部(3)からの低圧交流電流(L)をより高圧な高圧交流電流(H)に変圧するトランス(4)と、このトランス(4)からの高圧交流電流(H)を盤筐体(2)外へ送電する送電部(5)を有した配電盤であって、
前記盤筐体(2)内には2つの変換部(3)と1つの送電部(5)が設けられ、前記盤筐体(2)に外から1つのトランス(4)が取り付けられ、
前記変換部(3)それぞれから1つのトランス(4)へ低圧交流電流(L)を流す低圧ケーブル(6L)と、前記1つのトランス(4)から1つの送電部(5)へ高圧交流電流(H)を流す高圧ケーブル(6H)を有し、
前記1つのトランス(4)と1つの送電部(5)が、この順で所定方向に並んで配置されていると共に、
この所定方向と略直交する方向に並んで、前記2つの変換部(3)が、前記1つの送電部(5)におけるトランス(4)とは反対の側に配置されていることを特徴とする配電盤。 - 前記低圧ケーブル(6L)が複数集まって形成された低圧束(8L)を2組有し、前記高圧ケーブル(6H)が複数集まって形成された高圧束(8H)を1組有すると共に、
前記2組の低圧束(8L)と1組の高圧束(8H)は、前記盤筐体(2)の内外に亘る1つの位置で、並列に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配電盤。 - 前記変換部(3)それぞれと送電部(5)は、距離をあけて配置されていると共に、
前記変換部(3)同士も、互いに距離をあけて配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の配電盤。 - 1つの盤筐体(2)と、この盤筐体(2)外からの直流電流又は交流電流を低圧交流電流(L)に変換する変換部(3)と、この変換部(3)からの低圧交流電流(L)をより高圧な高圧交流電流(H)に変圧するトランス(4)と、このトランス(4)からの高圧交流電流(H)を盤筐体(2)外へ送電する送電部(5)と、この送電部(5)の送電、変換部(3)の変換及びトランス(4)の変圧を補う補助機器(20)を有した配電盤であって、
前記盤筐体(2)内には変換部(3)と送電部(5)と補助機器(20)が設けられ、前記盤筐体(2)に外からトランス(4)が取り付けられ、
前記変換部(3)からトランス(4)へ低圧交流電流(L)を流す低圧ケーブル(6L)と、前記トランス(4)から送電部(5)へ高圧交流電流(H)を流す高圧ケーブル(6H)を有し、
前記トランス(4)と送電部(5)が、この順で所定方向に並んで配置されていると共に、
前記変換部(3)と補助機器(20)が、前記送電部(5)を中心としてトランス(4)から遠ざかる側に配置されていることを特徴とする配電盤。 - 1つの盤筐体(2)と、この盤筐体(2)外からの直流電流又は交流電流を低圧交流電流(L)に変換する変換部(3)と、この変換部(3)からの低圧交流電流(L)をより高圧な高圧交流電流(H)に変圧するトランス(4)と、このトランス(4)からの高圧交流電流(H)を盤筐体(2)外へ送電する送電部(5)を有した配電盤であって、
前記盤筐体(2)内には変換部(3)と送電部(5)が設けられ、前記盤筐体(2)に外からトランス(4)が取り付けられ、
前記変換部(3)からトランス(4)へ低圧交流電流(L)を流す低圧ケーブル(6L)は、前記トランス(4)から送電部(5)へ高圧交流電流(H)を流す高圧ケーブル(6H)より長く、
前記高圧ケーブル(6H)及び低圧ケーブル(6L)は、前記盤筐体(2)内において、当該配電盤の使用者が盤筐体(2)内で移動可能な盤内スペース(16)とは反対側にある盤面材寄りに配設されていることを特徴とする配電盤。
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