WO2015122334A1 - 光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物、配向層、配向層付基板、位相差板およびデバイス - Google Patents
光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物、配向層、配向層付基板、位相差板およびデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermosetting composition having photo-alignment used for an alignment layer.
- liquid crystals are used in various optical elements such as retardation plates and polarizing plates by utilizing their orientation and anisotropy of physical properties such as refractive index, dielectric constant, and magnetic susceptibility. Applications are being studied.
- An alignment layer is used to align the liquid crystal.
- a method for forming the alignment layer for example, a rubbing method or a photo-alignment method is known.
- the photo-alignment method does not generate static electricity or dust, which is a problem of the rubbing method, and can control the alignment process quantitatively. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- the alignment layer is required to have heat resistance, solvent resistance, etc. in addition to liquid crystal alignment ability.
- the alignment layer may be exposed to heat or a solvent during the manufacturing process of various devices, or may be exposed to a high temperature when the various devices are used. When the alignment layer is exposed to a high temperature, the liquid crystal alignment ability may be significantly reduced.
- Patent Document 2 in order to obtain stable liquid crystal alignment ability, a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer component having a structure capable of crosslinking reaction by light and a structure crosslinked by heat, and light.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer component having a structure capable of crosslinking reaction and a compound having a structure crosslinked by heat has been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses (A) an acrylic copolymer having a photodimerization site and a thermal crosslinking site in order to obtain excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, sufficient heat resistance, high solvent resistance and high transparency; (B) The thermosetting film formation composition which has a photo-alignment property containing a crosslinking agent is proposed. (B) A crosslinking agent couple
- Patent Document 4 in order to obtain excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, sufficient heat resistance, high solvent resistance and high transparency, (A) an acrylic copolymer having a photodimerization site and a thermal crosslinking site, and (B ) A photo-alignment property comprising an acrylic polymer having at least one of a predetermined alkyl ester group and a hydroxyalkyl ester group and at least one of a carboxyl group and a phenolic hydroxy group, and (C) a crosslinking agent.
- a thermosetting film-forming composition having been proposed.
- the crosslinking agent is a thermosetting film-forming composition having a photo-alignment property, which is bonded to (A) the thermal crosslinking site of the acrylic copolymer and (B) the carboxyl group and the phenolic hydroxy group of the acrylic polymer. Can be cured by heating.
- Patent Document 5 discloses (A) a compound having a photo-alignment group and a hydroxy group, and (B) a hydroxy group in order to obtain excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, sufficient heat resistance, high solvent resistance and high transparency. And a thermosetting film-forming composition having photo-alignment properties, which contains a polymer having at least one of carboxyl groups and (C) a crosslinking agent. (C) The crosslinking agent binds to the hydroxy group of the compound (A) and the hydroxy group and carboxyl group of the polymer (B), and the thermosetting film-forming composition having photo-alignment property can be cured by heating. .
- thermosetting is performed to improve the heat resistance and solvent resistance of the alignment layer.
- the hardness of the alignment layer increases, and the adhesion to the liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment layer may decrease.
- Patent Documents 3 to 4 when an acrylic copolymer having a photodimerization site and a thermal crosslinking site is used and thermosetting is performed with a crosslinking agent, a network structure is formed inside the film, so that a high hardness Thus, there is a problem that the adhesion between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer formed thereon is lowered.
- Patent Documents 3 to 4 disclose that the alignment layer formed using the thermosetting film-forming composition having the photo-alignment property described above has good alignment sensitivity, but the alignment regulating power is sufficient. However, there is room for improvement. Further, in order to increase the alignment regulating power, it is only necessary to increase the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays. In this case, the throughput is lowered.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a thermosetting composition containing a copolymer having both a photo-alignment site and a thermal cross-linking site, liquid crystal alignment ability and adhesion to a liquid crystal layer. It is a main object to provide a thermosetting composition having a photo-alignment property and an alignment layer, a substrate with an alignment layer, a retardation plate and a device using the same.
- the present invention contains a copolymer having a photoalignable structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the following formula (2).
- a thermosetting composition having a photo-alignment characteristic is provided.
- X represents a photo-alignment group
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group or single bond
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- k represents 1 to 5
- Y represents a thermally crosslinkable group
- L 2 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- l represents 1 to 5.
- both the photo-alignable structural unit and the thermally crosslinkable structural unit of the copolymer have a styrene skeleton and contain a lot of ⁇ -electron systems. Therefore, when the alignment layer is formed using the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention, it is considered that an alignment layer having strong interaction with liquid crystal molecules and excellent liquid crystal alignment ability can be obtained. It is done. Furthermore, it is considered that the adhesion with the liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment layer can be improved by the interaction of the ⁇ electron system. Moreover, the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention has thermosetting properties, and an alignment layer having excellent heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention preferably further contains a cross-linking agent that binds to the heat cross-linkable group of the heat cross-linkable structural unit. It is because heat resistance and solvent resistance can be improved.
- the thermally crosslinkable group constituent unit may have a crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking as the thermally crosslinkable group. This is because the thermally crosslinkable structural unit of the copolymer has a self-crosslinkable crosslinking group, so that it is not necessary to add a crosslinking agent separately, and photoreactivity can be increased and sensitivity can be improved.
- the copolymer may further have a second thermally crosslinkable structural unit having a second thermally crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking. Since the second heat-crosslinkable structural unit of the copolymer has a second heat-crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking, it is not necessary to add a cross-linking agent separately, so that photoreactivity can be improved and sensitivity can be improved. It is.
- the photo-alignment group is preferably a functional group that causes a photodimerization reaction or a photoisomerization reaction.
- the photo-alignment group is preferably a cinnamoyl group.
- the thermally crosslinkable group is preferably a hydroxy group. This is because the reactivity is high.
- the structural units of the copolymer have a styrene unit.
- the liquid crystal alignment ability and the adhesion to the liquid crystal layer are improved by the interaction of ⁇ electrons. It is thought that it can be made.
- the present invention also provides a photodimerization structure of a photoalignable group possessed by the photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermally crosslinkable group possessed by the thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- An alignment layer comprising a copolymer having a cross-linked structure is provided. According to the present invention, since the alignment layer contains a copolymer having a predetermined photodimerization structure and a crosslinked structure, excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- the present invention also provides a photodimerization structure of a photoalignable group possessed by the photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermally crosslinkable group possessed by the thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- an alignment layer containing a copolymer having a crosslinked structure wherein the photodimerization structure is a photodimerization structure of a cinnamoyl group.
- the present invention also provides a photoisomerizable structure of a photoalignable group possessed by the photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermal crosslinkability possessed by the thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- an alignment layer containing a copolymer having a cross-linked structure of groups is provided. According to the present invention, since the alignment layer contains a copolymer having a predetermined photoisomerization structure and a crosslinked structure, excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- the present invention also provides a photoisomerizable structure of a photoalignable group possessed by the photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermal crosslinkability possessed by the thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- the cross-linked structure is preferably a cross-linked structure formed by bonding the heat-crosslinkable group of the heat-crosslinkable structural unit and a crosslinking agent. It is because heat resistance and solvent resistance can be improved.
- the cross-linked structure is a cross-linked structure of a self-crosslinkable cross-linking group that the thermal cross-linkable group constituent unit has as the heat cross-linkable group. This is because it is not necessary to add a cross-linking agent separately, and the photoreactivity can be increased and the sensitivity can be improved when forming the alignment layer.
- the present invention also includes a substrate and an alignment layer-provided substrate comprising: a substrate; and an alignment layer formed on the substrate and formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-alignment property or the above-described alignment layer.
- the alignment layer is formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-alignment property, or is the above-described alignment layer, so that the liquid crystal alignment ability and the adhesion with the liquid crystal layer are improved. An excellent alignment layer can be obtained.
- the present invention also provides a retardation plate comprising the above-mentioned substrate with an alignment layer and a retardation layer formed on the alignment layer of the substrate with an alignment layer.
- a retardation plate comprising the above-mentioned substrate with an alignment layer and a retardation layer formed on the alignment layer of the substrate with an alignment layer.
- this invention provides the device characterized by having the alignment layer formed from the thermosetting composition which has the above-mentioned photo-orientation property, or the above-mentioned alignment layer.
- the alignment layer is formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-alignment property or is the above-described alignment layer, the liquid crystal alignment ability and the adhesion with the liquid crystal layer are excellent. Therefore, a device having good optical characteristics can be obtained.
- thermosetting composition having a photo-alignment property capable of forming an alignment layer excellent in liquid crystal alignment ability, adhesion to a liquid crystal layer, heat resistance and solvent resistance. Play.
- thermosetting composition having the photo-alignment property of the present invention and the alignment layer, the substrate with the alignment layer, the retardation plate and the device using the same will be described in detail.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention has a photo-alignment constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1) and a heat represented by the following formula (2). It contains a copolymer having a crosslinkable structural unit.
- X represents a photo-alignment group
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group or single bond
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- k represents 1 to 5
- Y represents a thermally crosslinkable group
- L 2 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- l represents 1 to 5.
- the copolymer in the present invention has a photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2). All of the crosslinkable structural units have a styrene skeleton and contain many ⁇ electron systems. In general, many liquid crystal molecules have an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring, and also include a ⁇ electron system. Therefore, the alignment layer formed from the thermosetting composition having the photoalignment property of the present invention has a strong interaction with liquid crystal molecules. Thereby, it becomes easy to control alignment of liquid crystal molecules, and it is considered that excellent liquid crystal alignment ability can be obtained. Moreover, it is considered that the alignment layer formed from the thermosetting composition having the photo-alignment property of the present invention has high adhesion to the liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment layer due to the interaction of the ⁇ electron system. .
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention has thermosetting property, and an alignment layer having excellent heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention will be described.
- copolymer used in the present invention has a photo-alignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- a photo-alignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- each structural unit in the copolymer will be described.
- Photoalignment structural unit The photoalignment structural unit in this invention is represented by following formula (1).
- X represents a photo-alignment group
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- k represents 1 to 5.
- the photo-alignment structural unit is a portion that develops anisotropy by causing a photoreaction by light irradiation.
- the photoreaction is preferably a photodimerization reaction or a photoisomerization reaction. That is, the photo-alignment structural unit is a photodimerization structural unit that develops anisotropy by generating a photodimerization reaction by light irradiation, or a light that exhibits anisotropy by generating a photoisomerization reaction by light irradiation.
- An isomerized structural unit is preferred.
- X in the above formula (1) is a photo-alignment group.
- the photo-alignment group is a functional group that exhibits anisotropy by causing a photoreaction by light irradiation, and is preferably a functional group that causes a photodimerization reaction or a photoisomerization reaction.
- Examples of the photo-alignment group causing the photodimerization reaction include a cinnamoyl group, a chalcone group, a coumarin group, an anthracene group, a quinoline group, an azobenzene group, and a stilbene group.
- the benzene ring in these functional groups may have a substituent. Any substituent that does not interfere with the photodimerization reaction may be used, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, and a cyano group.
- the photo-alignment group that causes a photoisomerization reaction is preferably a group that causes a cis-trans isomerization reaction, and examples thereof include a cinnamoyl group, a chalcone group, an azobenzene group, and a stilbene group.
- the benzene ring in these functional groups may have a substituent. Any substituent that does not interfere with the photoisomerization reaction may be used, and examples thereof include an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, and a cyano group.
- the photo-alignment group is preferably a cinnamoyl group.
- the cinnamoyl group is preferably a group represented by the following formulas (3-1) and (3-2).
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group, aryl group and cycloalkyl group may be bonded via an ether bond, ester bond, amide bond or urea bond, and may have a substituent.
- R 12 to R 15 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group, aryl group and cycloalkyl group may be bonded via an ether bond, ester bond, amide bond or urea bond, and may have a substituent.
- R 16 and R 17 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- R 21 to R 25 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group, aryl group and cycloalkyl group may be bonded via an ether bond, ester bond, amide bond or urea bond, and may have a substituent.
- R 26 and R 27 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the benzene ring of the styrene skeleton may be a benzene ring of the cinnamoyl group.
- L 1 in the above formula (1) is a divalent linking group or a single bond.
- the photoalignable group X is directly bonded to the styrene skeleton.
- the divalent linking group include an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, a carbonyl bond, a thiocarbonyl bond, an alkylene group, an arylene group, a cycloalkylene group, and combinations thereof.
- —O—, —S—, —COO—, —COS—, —CO—, —OCO—, —OCO (CH 2 ) n COO—, —OCO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m COO -, -OCOC 6 H 4 O-, -OCOC 6 H 10 O-, -COO (CH 2 ) n O-, -COO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m- , -COOC 6 H 4 O-, -COOC 6 H 10 O—, —O (CH 2 ) n O—, —O (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —OC 6 H 4 O—, —OC 6 H 10 O—, — (CH 2 ) n O- and the like can be mentioned.
- n is 1 to 20
- m is 1 to 10.
- R 1 in the above formula (1) is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is preferably a methyl group.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the photoalignment structural unit is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-1). In the following formula, each symbol is the same as the formula (1).
- photo-alignment structural unit examples include structural units represented by the following formulas (1-2) to (1-5).
- R 31 is the same as R 11 in the formula (3-1), and R 32 and R 33 are the same as R 16 and R 17 in the formula (3-1). .
- L 11 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group is the same as L 1 in the above formula (1).
- R 11 to R 17 are the same as in the above formula (3-1).
- L 12 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group is the same except that the carbonyl bond and the thiocarbonyl bond are excluded from L 1 in the above formula (1).
- L 13 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group is the same as L 1 in the above formula (1).
- R 35 to R 37 are the same as R 12 to R 15 in the formula (3-1)
- R 38 and R 39 are the same as R 16 and R 17 in the formula (3-1).
- the photo-alignment structural unit possessed by the copolymer may be one type or two or more types.
- the photoalignable structural unit is preferably a structural unit represented by the above formulas (1-3) or (1-4).
- L 11 represents a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO (CH 2 ) n COO—, —OCO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m COO—, —OCOC 6 H 10 O—, —COO (CH 2 ) n O—, —COO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —COOC 6 H 10 O—, —O (CH 2 ) n O—, —O It is preferably (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —OC 6 H 10 O— or — (CH 2 ) n O—.
- n is preferably 1 to 11
- m is preferably 1 to 5.
- the photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1-3) is more preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-6).
- R 12 to R 17 and L 11 are the same as in the above formula (1-3).
- R 18 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group and cyclohexyl group may be bonded via an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond or a urea bond.
- n represents 1 to 5, and R 18 may be bonded to any of the ortho, meta, and para positions. When n is 2 to 5, R 18 may be the same as or different from each other. Among them, it is preferable that n is 1 and R 18 is bonded to the para position.
- L 12 represents a single bond, —O—, —OCOC 6 H 10 O—, —COO (CH 2 ) n O—, —COO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —. , —COOC 6 H 10 O—, —O (CH 2 ) n O—, —O (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —OC 6 H 10 O— or — (CH 2 ) n O—. Is preferred.
- the photoalignable structural unit is a structural unit represented by the above formulas (1-6) and (1-4)
- an aromatic ring comes to be arranged near the end of the photoalignable structural unit, It has a structure similar to liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, it is considered that the affinity with the liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment layer is increased, and the liquid crystal alignment ability and adhesion are improved.
- the photo-alignment structural unit is a structural unit represented by the above formulas (1-6) or (1-4)
- the photodimerization reactivity or photoisomerization reactivity is improved, and the sensitivity is increased. Can be improved.
- the reason for this is not clear, but is estimated as follows. That is, since the photoalignment structural unit has a styrene skeleton, a stacking structure is easily formed by the ⁇ -electron interaction between the styrene skeletons of the photoalignment structural unit. In the photoalignment structural units represented by the above formulas (1-6) and (1-4), the photoalignment group and the styrene skeleton are close to each other.
- the photo-alignment group is in a positional relationship that easily causes a photodimerization reaction or a photoisomerization reaction.
- a photoisomerization reaction the styrene skeletons of the photoalignment constituent units are stacked, and the photoalignment group and the styrene skeleton are close to each other, so that the orientation of the photoalignment groups is uniform. It is considered that the photoisomerization reactivity becomes high.
- thermosetting composition having a highly sensitive photo-orientation capable of forming an alignment layer with a small exposure amount can be obtained, which can contribute to energy saving.
- liquid crystal aligning ability can be obtained even when the content ratio of the photoalignable constituent unit in the copolymer is relatively small.
- the content ratio of the heat-crosslinkable structural unit in the copolymer can be relatively increased, and the heat resistance and solvent resistance can be further increased. Furthermore, because of high sensitivity, it is suitable for mass production, and the productivity of a device having an alignment layer formed from a thermosetting composition having photo-alignment properties can also be improved.
- a styrenic monomer having a photoalignable group forming the photoalignable structural unit can be used.
- the styrenic monomer having a photo-alignment group can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the photo-alignment structural unit in the copolymer can be set within a range of 10 mol% to 90 mol%, preferably 20 mol% to 100 mol% when the entire copolymer is 100 mol%. It is in the range of 80 mol%.
- the content ratio of the photo-alignment structural unit is small, the sensitivity is lowered, and it may be difficult to impart good liquid crystal alignment ability.
- the content ratio of the photo-alignable structural unit is large, the content ratio of the heat-crosslinkable structural unit is relatively small, sufficient thermosetting property cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to maintain good liquid crystal alignment ability. It may become.
- the content rate of each structural unit in a copolymer can be computed from the integrated value by ⁇ 1 > H NMR measurement.
- Thermally crosslinkable structural unit in the present invention is represented by the following formula (2).
- a thermally crosslinkable structural unit is a site
- Y represents a thermally crosslinkable group
- L 2 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- l represents 1 to 5
- Y in the above formula (2) is a thermally crosslinkable group.
- the thermally crosslinkable group include a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a phenolic hydroxy group, a mercapto group, a glycidyl group, and an amide group. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity, an aliphatic hydroxy group is preferable, and a primary hydroxy group is more preferable.
- Y represents a selfcrosslinkable crosslinkable group.
- the ortho position is a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxy group. Examples thereof include a phenolic hydroxy group substituted with a methyl group, a glycidyl group, an amide group, an N-alkoxymethyl group, and an N-hydroxymethyl group.
- L 2 in the above formula (2) is a divalent linking group or a single bond.
- the thermally crosslinkable group Y is directly bonded to the styrene skeleton.
- the divalent linking group include an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, a carbonyl bond, a thiocarbonyl bond, an alkylene group, an arylene group, a cycloalkylene group, and combinations thereof.
- —OCO (CH 2 ) n COO, —OCO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —OCOC 6 H 4 O—, —OCOC 6 H 10 —, —COO (CH 2 ) n —, —COO (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —COOC 6 H 4 O, —COOC 6 H 10 —, —O (CH 2 ) n —, —O (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —, —OC 6 H 4 —, —OC 6 H 10 —, — (CH 2 ) n — and the like can be mentioned.
- n is preferably 4 to 11.
- m is preferably 2 to 5.
- n and m are too large, the chain length of the linking group in the heat-crosslinkable structural unit becomes long, so that the terminal heat-crosslinkable group is unlikely to appear on the surface, and it is difficult for the crosslinking agent to bind to the heat-crosslinkable group. There is a possibility that the reactivity between the crosslinkable structural unit and the crosslinking agent may be lowered. On the other hand, if n and m are too large, the content ratio of the photo-alignment structural unit in the copolymer is relatively reduced, the sensitivity is lowered, and it may be difficult to impart good liquid crystal alignment ability. .
- n and m are too small, the distance between the thermally crosslinkable group and the styrene skeleton in the thermally crosslinkable structural unit is shortened, so that it is difficult for the crosslinking agent to bind to the thermally crosslinkable group. There is a possibility that the reactivity with the cross-linking agent may decrease.
- R 2 in the above formula (2) is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is preferably a methyl group.
- R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the thermally crosslinkable structural unit is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (2-1). In the following formula, each symbol is the same as the formula (2).
- the thermally crosslinkable structural unit may have a crosslinking group.
- the thermally crosslinkable structural unit can also serve as a crosslinking agent. That is, the crosslinking group is a group capable of self-crosslinking. Further, the thermally crosslinkable structural unit has a crosslinking group as the thermally crosslinkable group.
- self-crosslinking means that the same functional group or different functional groups react to form a crosslinked structure without using a crosslinking agent.
- the thermosetting composition which has the photo-alignment property of this invention can be utilized without adding a crosslinking agent.
- the content of the copolymer in the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property can be relatively increased, the content ratio of the photo-alignment structural unit contributing to the alignment can be relatively increased, and the photoreactivity can be increased.
- the cross-linking agent is a low molecular component, and by adding no cross-linking agent, so-called bleed-out, in which the cross-linking agent floats on the surface of the alignment layer, can be prevented, and the liquid crystal alignment ability is inhibited. Can be suppressed. Therefore, photoreactivity can be increased and sensitivity can be improved. Therefore, in this case, it can be set as the thermosetting composition which has a highly sensitive photo-orientation property which can form an orientation layer with a small exposure amount.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays when forming the alignment layer can be reduced, and the irradiation time can be shortened, which is useful from the viewpoint of energy saving.
- liquid crystal aligning ability can be obtained even when the content ratio of the photoalignable constituent unit in the copolymer is relatively small. Therefore, the content ratio of the heat-crosslinkable structural unit in the copolymer can be relatively increased, and the heat resistance and solvent resistance can be further increased.
- it is suitable for mass production, and the productivity of a device having an alignment layer formed from a thermosetting composition having photo-alignment properties can also be improved.
- the thermally crosslinkable structural unit preferably has no crosslinkable group.
- thermally crosslinkable structural unit having a crosslinking group examples include a phenolic hydroxy group, glycidyl group, amide group, N-alkoxymethyl group, N-hydroxymethyl group in which the ortho position is substituted with a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxymethyl group. The thing which has is mentioned.
- the thermal crosslinkable structural unit possessed by the copolymer may be one type or two or more types.
- the copolymer may have a thermally crosslinkable structural unit having a thermally crosslinkable group that does not self-crosslink and a thermally crosslinkable structural unit having a crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking as a thermally crosslinkable group.
- a styrenic monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group forming the above-mentioned thermally crosslinkable structural unit can be used.
- the styrenic monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the thermally crosslinkable structural unit in the copolymer can be set within the range of 10 mol% to 90 mol%, preferably 20 mol% to 100 mol% when the entire copolymer is 100 mol%. It is in the range of 80 mol%.
- the content ratio of the thermally crosslinkable structural unit is small, sufficient thermosetting property cannot be obtained, and it may be difficult to maintain good liquid crystal alignment ability.
- the content ratio of the thermally crosslinkable structural unit is large, the content ratio of the photoalignable structural unit is relatively decreased, the sensitivity is lowered, and it may be difficult to impart good liquid crystal alignment ability. .
- the copolymer may have a second thermally crosslinkable structural unit having a second thermally crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking. Since the copolymer has the second heat-crosslinkable structural unit having the second heat-crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking, the thermosetting composition having the photo-alignment property of the present invention is not added separately. Can be used. Therefore, the content of the copolymer in the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property can be relatively increased, the content ratio of the photo-alignment structural unit contributing to the alignment can be relatively increased, and the photoreactivity can be increased. Can be increased.
- the cross-linking agent is a low molecular component, and by adding no cross-linking agent, so-called bleed-out, in which the cross-linking agent floats on the surface of the alignment layer, can be prevented, and the liquid crystal alignment ability is inhibited. Can be suppressed. Therefore, photoreactivity can be increased and sensitivity can be improved.
- the second heat-crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking is the same as the self-crosslinkable cross-linking group possessed by the above-mentioned heat-crosslinkable structural unit, and thus description thereof is omitted here.
- Examples of the monomer unit constituting the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit include acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, styrene, acrylamide, methacrylamide, maleimide, vinyl ether, and vinyl ester.
- acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and styrene are preferable.
- Acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester monomers have the advantages of high solubility, easy availability as commercial products, and good reactivity when copolymerized.
- acrylamide and methacrylamide monomers to which a self-crosslinkable second thermally crosslinkable group such as an N-alkoxymethyl group or N-hydroxymethyl group is bonded are easily available as commercial products and have an advantage of good reactivity.
- a self-crosslinkable second thermally crosslinkable group such as an N-alkoxymethyl group or N-hydroxymethyl group is bonded
- the copolymer not only the photo-alignment structural unit and the heat-crosslinkable structural unit but also the second heat-crosslinkable structural unit has a styrene skeleton, can do. Therefore, when the alignment layer is formed using the thermosetting composition having the photo-alignment property of the present invention, the liquid crystal alignment ability is improved and the adhesion with the liquid crystal layer is improved by the interaction of ⁇ electrons. It is thought that you can.
- Z 1 represents a monomer unit, and examples thereof include acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, acrylamide, methacrylamide, styrene, maleimide, vinyl ether, and vinyl ester.
- acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and styrene are preferable.
- Specific examples include monomer units represented by the following formula.
- R 41 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a phenyl group
- R 42 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 43 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a phenyl group
- R 44 Represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.
- -L 3 -Y 2 may be bonded to any of the ortho, meta, and para positions, or a plurality of bonds may be bonded. In a plurality, L 3 and Y 2 may be the same as or different from each other. Among them, it is preferable that one -L 3 -Y 2 is bonded to the para position.
- Y 2 represents a self-crosslinkable second thermally crosslinkable group, and as described above, for example, glycidyl group, amide group, N-alkoxymethyl group, N-hydroxymethyl group, ortho-position Examples thereof include a phenolic hydroxy group substituted with a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxymethyl group.
- L 3 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the second thermally crosslinkable group Y 2 capable of self-crosslinking is directly bonded to the monomer unit Z 1 .
- the divalent linking group include an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, a carbonyl bond, a thiocarbonyl bond, an alkylene group, an arylene group, a cycloalkylene group, and combinations thereof.
- the benzene ring of the styrene skeleton is a phenolic hydroxy group. It becomes the benzene ring of the group.
- Examples of the monomer that forms the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit include acrylic ester compounds, methacrylic ester compounds, acrylamide compounds, methacrylamide compounds, styrene compounds, maleimide compounds, vinyl compounds, and the like.
- the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit possessed by the copolymer may be one type or two or more types.
- a monomer having a second thermally crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking that forms the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit can be used.
- Monomers having a second thermally crosslinkable group capable of self-crosslinking can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit in the copolymer can be set within the range of 0 mol% to 80 mol%, preferably 1 mol, when the entire copolymer is 100 mol%. % To 80 mol%, more preferably 5 to 80 mol%. If the content ratio of the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit is small, the above-described effects may not be sufficiently obtained. In addition, when the content ratio of the second thermally crosslinkable structural unit is large, the content ratio of the photoalignable structural unit is relatively decreased, the sensitivity is lowered, and it is difficult to impart good liquid crystal alignment ability. There is.
- the copolymer has a structural unit having neither a photo-alignable group nor a heat-crosslinkable group in addition to the photo-alignable structural unit and the heat-crosslinkable structural unit. You may do it.
- other structural units in the copolymer for example, solvent solubility, heat resistance, reactivity, and the like can be improved.
- the monomer unit constituting the structural unit having no photo-alignable group and heat-crosslinkable group examples include acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, maleimide, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene, vinyl and the like.
- the copolymer may be a styrene copolymer in which all the structural units have styrene units, or may have a structural unit other than styrene units.
- the monomer unit which comprises the said structural unit is acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, and styrene.
- Acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester monomers have the advantages of high solubility, easy availability as commercial products, and good reactivity when copolymerized.
- the liquid crystal alignment ability is improved by the interaction of ⁇ electrons.
- the adhesion to the liquid crystal layer can be improved.
- the monomer unit constituting the structural unit is preferably styrene. That is, the copolymer is preferably a styrene copolymer having all styrene units as structural units.
- Examples of the monomer that forms the structural unit having no photo-alignable group and heat-crosslinkable group include, for example, acrylic ester compounds, methacrylic ester compounds, maleimide compounds, acrylamide compounds, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene. Compound, vinyl compound and the like can be mentioned.
- acrylic ester compounds include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, 2-aminoethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, 2- Methyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, 2-propyl-2-adamantyl acrylate Over DOO, 8-methyl-8-tricyclodecyl acrylate, etc. 8-e
- methacrylic acid ester compound examples include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthryl methyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-aminomethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, 2- Methyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate DOO, .gamma.-butyrolactone methacrylate
- vinyl compound examples include methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl carbazole, allyl glycidyl ether, 3-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, Examples include 1,7-octadiene monoepoxide.
- styrene compound examples include styrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, p-trifluoromethylstyrene, p-trifluoromethyl- ⁇ -methylstyrene, and 4 (4-trifluoromethyl).
- maleimide compounds include maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide and the like.
- the constitutional unit having no photo-alignable group and heat-crosslinkable group in the copolymer may be one type or two or more types.
- the content ratio of the structural unit in the copolymer is preferably in the range of 0 mol% to 50 mol%, and in the range of 0 mol% to 30 mol%, assuming that the entire copolymer is 100 mol%. More preferably, it is within.
- the content ratio of the structural unit is large, the content ratio of the photoalignable structural unit and the thermally crosslinkable structural unit is relatively reduced, the sensitivity is lowered, and it becomes difficult to impart good liquid crystal alignment ability. Moreover, sufficient thermosetting cannot be obtained, and it may be difficult to maintain good liquid crystal alignment ability.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer is not particularly limited and can be, for example, about 3,000 to 200,000, preferably within the range of 4,000 to 100,000. It is. If the number average molecular weight is too large, the solubility in a solvent may be lowered or the viscosity may be increased, resulting in a decrease in handleability, and it may be difficult to form a uniform film. On the other hand, if the number average molecular weight is too small, curing may be insufficient during thermosetting, and solvent resistance and heat resistance may be reduced. The number average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Examples of the method for synthesizing the copolymer include a method of copolymerizing a styrene monomer having a photoalignable group and a styrene monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group.
- the method for synthesizing the copolymer is not particularly limited. For example, a polymerization reaction is performed in a solvent in which a styrene monomer having a photo-alignment group, a styrene monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group, and a polymerization initiator coexist. Can be obtained.
- the solvent used will not be specifically limited if it dissolves the styrene-type monomer which has a photo-alignment group, the styrene-type monomer which has a heat crosslinkable group, a polymerization initiator, etc. Specifically, it can be the same as that of the solvent used for the thermosetting composition which has the photo-alignment property mentioned later.
- the temperature during the polymerization reaction can be set, for example, at about 50 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the copolymer obtained by the above method is usually in the state of a solution dissolved in a solvent.
- the copolymer obtained by the above method can be used as it is, but can also be purified and used by the method shown below. That is, the copolymer solution obtained by the above method is poured into diethyl ether, methanol, water or the like while stirring to reprecipitate, and the resulting precipitate is filtered and washed, and then at normal pressure or reduced pressure. Then, it can be dried at room temperature or by heating to obtain a powder of the copolymer. By this operation, the polymerization initiator coexisting with the copolymer and the unreacted monomer can be removed, and as a result, a purified copolymer powder is obtained. If sufficient purification cannot be achieved by a single operation, the obtained powder may be redissolved in a solvent and the above operation may be repeated.
- the copolymer may be used in the form of a solution when the copolymer is synthesized, in the form of a powder, or in the form of a solution in which purified powder is redissolved in a solvent described later.
- the copolymer may be one kind or a mixture of plural kinds of copolymers.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention preferably contains a crosslinking agent.
- the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention preferably does not contain a crosslinking agent.
- crosslinking agent examples include epoxy compounds, methylol compounds, isocyanate compounds and the like. Of these, methylol compounds are preferred.
- Examples of the methylol compound include alkoxymethylated glycoluril, alkoxymethylated benzoguanamine, and alkoxymethylated melamine.
- Examples of the alkoxymethylated glycoluril include 1,3,4,6-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) glycoluril, 1,3,4,6-tetrakis (butoxymethyl) glycoluril, 1,3,4,6- Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) glycoluril, 1,3-bis (hydroxymethyl) urea, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (butoxymethyl) urea, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) urea, , 3-bis (hydroxymethyl) -4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolinone, 1,3-bis (methoxymethyl) -4,5-dimethoxy-2-imidazolinone and the like.
- glycoluril compounds (trade names Cymel 1170, Powderlink 1174) manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd., methylated urea resins (trade name UFR65), butylated urea resins (trade names UFR300, U-VAN10S60, U-VAN10R, U-VAN11HV), urea / formaldehyde resin (high-condensation type, trade name becamine J-300S, becamine P-955, becamine N) manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc., Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- methylated urea resins (trade name UFR65)
- butylated urea resins (trade names UFR300, U-VAN10S60, U-VAN10R, U-VAN11HV)
- urea / formaldehyde resin high-condensation type, trade name becamine J-300S, becamine P-955, becamine N)
- Examples thereof include a glycoluril compound (trade name: Nicarak MX-270) and an imidazolidine compound (trade name: Nicalac MX-280).
- Examples of the alkoxymethylated benzoguanamine include tetramethoxymethyl benzoguanamine.
- Examples of commercially available products include Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd. (trade name: Cymel 1123), Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd. (trade names: Nicarak BX-4000, Nicarac BX-37, Nicarac BL-60, Nicarac BX-55H) and the like. It is done.
- Examples of the alkoxymethylated melamine include hexamethoxymethyl melamine.
- methoxymethyl type melamine compounds (trade names Cymel 300, Cymel 301, Cymel 303, Cymel 350, Cymel 3745) manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd., butoxymethyl type melamine compounds (trade names My Coat 506, My Coat 508, Cymel 1156), a methoxymethyl type melamine compound manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd. , Nicarax MX-035, Nicarak MW-390, Nicarak MW-100LM, Nicarax MX-750LM), Butoxymethyl type melamine compounds (trade names Nicarax MX-45, Nicarac MX-4) 0 include NIKALAC MX-302) or the like.
- a crosslinking agent containing a plurality of benzene rings in the molecule can be used.
- the cross-linking agent containing a plurality of benzene rings in the molecule include, for example, a phenol derivative having at least two hydroxymethyl groups or alkoxymethyl groups and a molecular weight of 1200 or less, or at least two free N-alkoxymethyl groups.
- melamine-formaldehyde derivatives and alkoxymethylglycoluril derivatives A phenol derivative having a hydroxymethyl group can be obtained by reacting a corresponding phenol compound having no hydroxymethyl group with formaldehyde in the presence of a base catalyst.
- the crosslinking agent may be a compound obtained by condensing such a melamine compound, urea compound, glycoluril compound and benzoguanamine compound in which a hydrogen atom of an amino group is substituted with a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group.
- a melamine compound urea compound, glycoluril compound and benzoguanamine compound in which a hydrogen atom of an amino group is substituted with a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group.
- the high molecular weight compound manufactured from the melamine compound and the benzoguanamine compound which are described in US Patent 6,323,310 is mentioned.
- Cymel 303 manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd.
- Cymel 1123 commercial item of a benzoguanamine compound
- the like can be mentioned.
- crosslinking agent acrylamide compounds or methacrylamides substituted with hydroxymethyl groups or alkoxymethyl groups such as N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-methoxymethylmethacrylamide, N-ethoxymethylacrylamide, N-butoxymethylmethacrylamide, etc.
- Polymers produced using the compounds can also be used. Examples of such a polymer include poly (N-butoxymethylacrylamide), a copolymer of N-butoxymethylacrylamide and styrene, a copolymer of N-hydroxymethylmethacrylamide and methylmethacrylate, and N-ethoxymethyl.
- a copolymer of methacrylamide and benzyl methacrylate a copolymer of N-butoxymethylacrylamide, benzyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
- the weight average molecular weight of such polymers is in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, preferably in the range of 2,000 to 200,000, more preferably in the range of 3,000 to 150,000. More preferably, it is within the range of 3,000 to 50,000.
- cross-linking agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the crosslinking agent in the photo-curable thermosetting composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass of the copolymer. It is within the range of 2 to 30 parts by mass. If the content is too small, the heat resistance and solvent resistance of the cured film formed from the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment properties may decrease, and the liquid crystal alignment ability may decrease. Moreover, when there is too much content, liquid crystal aligning ability and storage stability may fall.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention may contain an acid or an acid generator. With the acid or the acid generator, the thermosetting reaction of the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention can be promoted.
- the acid or acid generator examples include a sulfonic acid group-containing compound, hydrochloric acid or a salt thereof, and a compound that generates an acid upon thermal drying and curing of a coating film, that is, a thermal decomposition at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that generates an acid.
- Examples of such compounds include hydrochloric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, pentanesulfonic acid, octanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoromethane.
- Sulfonic acid p-phenolsulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid, p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid, m-xylene-2-sulfonic acid, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H -Sulfonic acids such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluoro (2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic acid, pentafluoroethane sulfonic acid, nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, or hydrates or salts thereof.
- Examples of the compound that generates an acid by heat include bis (tosyloxy) ethane, bis (tosyloxy) propane, bis (tosyloxy) butane, p-nitrobenzyl tosylate, o-nitrobenzyl tosylate, 1,2.3-phenylene.
- Tris (methyl sulfonate), p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid morphonium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid ethyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid propyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid butyl ester, p-toluene Sulfonic acid isobutyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid phenethyl ester, cyanomethyl p-toluenesulfonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate, 2-hydroxybutyrate Le p- tosylate, N- ethyl-4-toluenesulfonamide, and the like.
- the content of acid or acid generator in the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention is preferably within a range of 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention may contain a sensitizer.
- Photosensitizers such as photodimerization reaction and photoisomerization reaction can be promoted by the sensitizer.
- sensitizer examples include benzophenone, anthracene, anthraquinone, thioxanthone and derivatives thereof, and nitrophenyl compounds. Of these, benzophenone derivatives and nitrophenyl compounds are preferred. Preferred examples include N, N-diethylaminobenzophenone, 2-nitrofluorene, 2-nitrofluorenone, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 4-nitrobiphenyl and the like. Sensitizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more compounds.
- the content of the sensitizer in the photo-curable thermosetting composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.2 to 10 parts by mass. If the content is too small, the effect as a sensitizer may not be sufficiently obtained. If the content is too large, the transmittance may be lowered and the coating film may be roughened.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention is mainly used in a solution state dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the above-described components.
- thermosetting composition having the photo-alignment property of the present invention is a silane coupling agent, a surfactant, a rheology modifier, a pigment, a dye, a storage as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Stabilizers, antifoaming agents, antioxidants and the like can be contained.
- a liquid crystalline monomer can be contained in order to improve the liquid crystal alignment ability.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention is usually used as a solution in which each component is dissolved in a solvent.
- the ratio of the solid content in the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as each component is uniformly dissolved in the solvent, and is 0.1% by mass to 80% by mass. Within the range, preferably within the range of 0.5% by mass to 60% by mass, and more preferably within the range of 0.5% by mass to 40% by mass. If the ratio of the solid content is too small, it may be difficult to impart liquid crystal alignment ability and thermosetting property.
- thermosetting composition which has photo-orientation property when there are too many ratios of solid content, the viscosity of the thermosetting composition which has photo-orientation property will become high, and it will become difficult to form a uniform film
- solid content means what remove
- the method for preparing the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention is not particularly limited, but since the storage stability becomes long, a copolymer, a crosslinking agent, a sensitizer, and other additives. Is preferably used, and an acid or an acid generator is added later. In addition, when adding an acid or an acid generator from the beginning, it is preferable to use as the acid or an acid generator a compound that generates an acid by thermal decomposition during drying and heat curing of the coating film. In the preparation of the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention, a copolymer solution obtained by a polymerization reaction in a solvent can be used as it is.
- a crosslinking agent, a sensitizer, and other additives are added to the copolymer solution to form a uniform solution, and an acid or an acid generator is added later.
- a solvent may be further added for the purpose of adjusting the concentration.
- the solvent used in the process of forming the copolymer and the solvent used for adjusting the concentration of the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property may be the same or different.
- thermosetting composition solution having photo-alignment property is preferably used after being filtered using a filter having a pore size of about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment properties of the present invention include alignment layers for various optical elements such as retardation plates and alignment layers for liquid crystal display elements.
- the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property of the present invention can also be used for insulating films and protective films in various devices such as liquid crystal display elements, organic EL elements, TFTs, and color filters.
- organic EL elements Insulating film, TFT interlayer insulating film, color filter overcoat layer, and the like.
- Alignment layer The alignment layer of the present invention has two embodiments. In the following, each embodiment will be described separately.
- the alignment layer according to this embodiment includes a photo-dimerization structure of a photo-alignment group included in a photo-alignment unit represented by the above formula (1) and a heat crosslinkable structure represented by the above formula (2). It contains a copolymer having a crosslinked structure of thermally crosslinkable groups in the unit.
- the alignment layer contains a copolymer having a predetermined photodimerization structure and a crosslinked structure, excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- the cross-linked structure refers to a three-dimensional network structure.
- the crosslinked structure does not include a structure in which photoalignable groups described later are crosslinked by a photodimerization reaction.
- the copolymer has a crosslinked structure of thermally crosslinkable groups that the thermally crosslinkable structural unit represented by the above formula (2) has.
- the cross-linked structure is composed of a photo-alignable constituent unit represented by the above formula (1) and a heat cross-linkable constitution represented by the above formula (2) described in “A. Thermosetting composition having photo-alignment”. It can be formed by thermosetting a copolymer having units.
- the cross-linked structure is a three-dimensional network structure and is a structure in which the heat crosslinkable group of the heat crosslinkable structural unit is cross-linked.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property contains a crosslinking agent
- the thermally crosslinkable group of the thermally crosslinkable structural unit is bonded to the crosslinking agent.
- the thermally crosslinkable structural unit has a self-crosslinkable crosslinkable group as a heat crosslinkable group, the selfcrosslinkable crosslinkable group is also bonded to a crosslinker.
- the copolymer has a heat-crosslinkable structural unit having a heat-crosslinkable group that does not self-crosslink and a heat-crosslinkable structural unit having a crosslinkable group that can be self-crosslinked as a heat-crosslinkable group, the heat that does not self-crosslink The crosslinkable group is bonded to a self-crosslinkable crosslinkable group.
- a thermally crosslinkable structural unit has a crosslinking group which can be self-crosslinked as a thermally crosslinkable group
- a crosslinking group self-crosslinks.
- the crosslinked structure includes a structure in which a thermally crosslinkable group and a crosslinking agent are crosslinked by heating, a structure in which a thermally crosslinkable group that does not self-crosslink and a crosslinking group capable of self-crosslinking are crosslinked by heating, or a crosslinking group capable of self-crosslinking. It becomes the structure which mutually bridge
- the cross-linking agent is hexamethoxymethylmelamine
- the cross-linked structure is as shown below. In the following formula, each symbol is the same as the formula (1).
- the alignment layer contains the copolymer by collecting and analyzing the material from the alignment layer.
- NMR, IR, GC-MS, XPS, TOF-SIMS and a combination thereof can be applied.
- the alignment layer has a photodimerization structure of a photoalignment group included in the photoalignment structural unit represented by the above formula (1).
- the photodimerization structure is a structure in which the photoalignment groups of the photoalignment structural unit represented by the above formula (1) are cross-linked by a photodimerization reaction, and has a cyclopropane skeleton.
- the photodimerization reaction is a reaction as shown below, and is a reaction in which an olefin structure contained in a photoalignable group forms a cyclopropane skeleton by a photoreaction.
- Xa to Xd and Xa ′ to Xd ′ differ depending on the type of photo-alignment group.
- the photodimerization structure is preferably a photodimerization structure of a cinnamoyl group. Specifically, a structure in which cinnamoyl groups described in “A. Thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property” are cross-linked by a photodimerization reaction is preferable.
- the alignment layer preferably has a photodimerization structure represented by the following formulas (5-1) and (5-2). In the following formulas, each symbol is the same as the above formulas (1-6) and (1-4).
- the alignment layer has a photodimerization structure represented by the above formulas (5-1) and (5-2), many aromatic rings are arranged and many ⁇ electrons are contained. Therefore, it is considered that the affinity with the liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment layer is increased, the liquid crystal alignment ability is improved, and the adhesion with the liquid crystal layer is increased.
- the alignment layer has the photodimerization structure.
- the alignment layer may contain a cross-linking agent, an acid or acid generator, a sensitizer, and other additives. In addition, about these additives, it is the same as that of what was described in said "A. Thermosetting composition which has photo-orientation property".
- the formation method and film thickness of the alignment layer are the same as those of the alignment layer in the substrate with an alignment layer described later, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.
- the alignment layer of this embodiment includes a photoisomerizable structure of a photoalignable group contained in the photoalignable structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a thermal crosslinkability represented by the above formula (2). It contains a copolymer having a crosslinked structure of a thermally crosslinkable group in a structural unit.
- the alignment layer contains a copolymer having a predetermined photoisomerization structure and a crosslinked structure, excellent liquid crystal alignment ability, heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- the alignment layer has a photoisomerization structure of a photoalignment group included in the photoalignment structural unit represented by the above formula (1).
- the photoisomerization structure is a structure in which the photoalignment group of the photoalignment structural unit represented by the above formula (1) is isomerized by a photoisomerization reaction.
- the photoisomerization structure may be either a structure in which a cis isomer is changed to a trans isomer or a structure in which a trans isomer is changed to a cis isomer.
- the photoalignment group is a cinnamoyl group
- the photoisomerization reaction is a reaction as shown below
- the olefin structure contained in the photoalignment group is a reaction that forms a cis isomer or a trans isomer by the photoreaction.
- Xa to Xd differ depending on the type of photo-alignment group.
- the photoisomerization structure is preferably a photoisomerization structure of a cinnamoyl group.
- a structure in which the cinnamoyl group described in “A. Thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property” is isomerized by a photoisomerization reaction is preferable.
- the photoisomerization structure may be either a structure in which the cis form is changed to a trans form or a structure in which the trans form is changed to a cis form.
- the alignment layer preferably has a photoisomerized structure of a cinnamoyl group represented by the above formula (1-3) as represented by the following formula.
- the photoisomerization structure can be confirmed by the same method as in the first embodiment.
- crosslinked structure and the copolymer are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.
- the crosslinked structure can be confirmed by the same method as in the first embodiment.
- the substrate with alignment layer of the present invention comprises a substrate and an alignment layer formed on the substrate and formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-alignment property or the above-described alignment layer. It is characterized by.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a substrate with an alignment layer of the present invention.
- an alignment layer 3 is formed on the substrate 2, and the alignment layer 3 is formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-alignment property, or the above-described one. Orientation layer.
- the alignment layer is formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-mentioned photo-orientation property, or by being the above-described alignment layer, it has excellent liquid crystal alignment ability and adhesion with the liquid crystal layer. , Heat resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained.
- Alignment layer is formed from the thermosetting composition which has the above-mentioned photo-alignment property, or is the above-mentioned alignment layer, and has a function to orient liquid crystal molecules.
- the alignment layer formed from the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment refers to an alignment layer obtained by thermo-curing a film containing a thermo-setting composition having photo-alignment and further photo-aligning.
- a thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property is applied onto the substrate, dried and heated to form a cured film.
- the cured layer is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to form an alignment layer.
- thermosetting composition having photo-alignment is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of forming a uniform film on the substrate.
- spin coating method roll coating method, rod bar coating Method, spray coating method, air knife coating method, slot die coating method, wire bar coating method, flow coating method, ink jet method and the like.
- a hot plate or an oven can be used for drying the coating film.
- the temperature can be set, for example, at about 30 ° C. to 160 ° C., and preferably within the range of 50 ° C. to 140 ° C.
- the time can be set, for example, in the range of about 20 seconds to 60 minutes, and is preferably in the range of 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
- a hot plate or an oven can also be used for heat curing of the coating film.
- the temperature can be set, for example, at about 30 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the time can be set, for example, for about 20 seconds to 60 minutes.
- drying and heat curing of the coating film may be performed simultaneously or separately.
- the film thickness of the cured film obtained by thermosetting the thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property is appropriately selected depending on the application and the like, and can be, for example, about 0.05 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m. In addition, when the film thickness of a cured film is too thin, sufficient liquid crystal aligning ability may not be obtained.
- the obtained cured film can be irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to cause a photoreaction and develop anisotropy.
- the wavelength of polarized ultraviolet light is usually in the range of 150 nm to 450 nm.
- the irradiation direction of polarized ultraviolet rays can be perpendicular or oblique to the substrate surface.
- the alignment layer is formed from the above-described thermosetting composition having photo-alignment property by collecting and analyzing the material from the alignment layer.
- an analysis method NMR, IR, GC-MS, XPS, TOF-SIMS and a combination thereof can be applied.
- the substrate used in the present invention supports the alignment layer.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected depending on the application. Examples of the material of the substrate include glass, quartz, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, triacetyl cellulose, polyester, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cyclic polyolefin, acrylic resin, metal such as aluminum, and ceramic such as silicon and silicon nitride. Etc.
- the substrate may be subjected to a surface treatment.
- the substrate may or may not have flexibility, and is appropriately selected according to the use or the like.
- a conductive layer may be formed between the substrate and the alignment layer.
- the conductive layer functions, for example, as an electrode for various devices.
- Examples of the material for the conductive layer include transparent conductive materials such as ITO and IZO, and metal materials such as aluminum, molybdenum, and chromium.
- Examples of the use of the substrate with an alignment layer of the present invention include various optical elements such as a retardation plate, liquid crystal display elements, and light emitting elements.
- the retardation plate of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned substrate with an alignment layer and a retardation layer formed on the alignment layer of the above-mentioned substrate with alignment layer.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the retardation plate of the present invention.
- the alignment layer 12 is formed on the substrate 11, and the retardation layer 13 is formed on the alignment layer 12.
- the alignment layer 12 is formed from the above-described thermosetting composition having photo-alignment or the above-described alignment layer, and the retardation layer 13 corresponds to a liquid crystal layer.
- the retardation layer can be obtained by applying a liquid crystal composition on the alignment layer, heating to the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal composition, aligning the liquid crystal molecules by the alignment layer, and curing.
- the liquid crystal composition contains at least a liquid crystal compound, and usually further contains a solvent.
- the liquid crystal composition may further contain other components as long as the alignment of the liquid crystal compound is not inhibited.
- the liquid crystal composition used for the retardation layer those generally used for retardation layers can be used.
- Some liquid crystal compositions have alignment properties such as horizontal alignment, cholesteric alignment, vertical alignment, and hybrid alignment, and are appropriately selected according to the combination with the alignment layer, a desired retardation, and the like.
- the liquid crystal compound is preferably a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group. This is because the polymerizable liquid crystal compounds can be crosslinked with each other, and the stability of the retardation plate is increased.
- the thickness and the forming method of the retardation layer can be the same as those of a general retardation layer.
- the phase difference plate may or may not have flexibility.
- the device of the present invention is characterized by having an alignment layer formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-mentioned photo-orientation or the above-mentioned alignment layer.
- the device is not particularly limited as long as it has an alignment layer, and examples thereof include various optical elements such as a retardation plate, liquid crystal display elements, and light emitting elements.
- various optical elements such as a retardation plate, liquid crystal display elements, and light emitting elements.
- the description will be divided into a retardation plate and a liquid crystal display element.
- the retardation plate in the present invention is formed on a substrate and an alignment layer formed on the substrate and formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-orientation property or the alignment layer and the alignment layer. And a retardation layer.
- a conductive layer may be formed between the substrate and the alignment layer.
- the substrate, the alignment layer, and the conductive layer are the same as the substrate, the alignment layer, and the conductive layer in the “B. Substrate with alignment layer” described above, and thus description thereof is omitted here.
- the phase difference plate may or may not have flexibility.
- liquid crystal display element The liquid crystal display element in this invention has two aspects. Hereinafter, the description will be made separately for each aspect.
- a first aspect of the liquid crystal display element in the present invention is a substrate with a first alignment layer in which a first alignment layer is formed on a first substrate, and a second alignment layer is formed on a second substrate. And a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrate with the first alignment layer and the substrate with the second alignment layer.
- the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are the above-described ones. It is formed from the thermosetting composition which has the photo-alignment property, or the above-mentioned alignment layer.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display element 20 illustrated in FIG. 3 is disposed between the first alignment layer-attached substrate 21a, the second alignment layer-attached substrate 21b, the first alignment layer-attached substrate 21a, and the second alignment layer-attached substrate 21b. And a liquid crystal layer 25.
- the first electrode 23a and the first alignment layer 24a are sequentially stacked on the first substrate 22a.
- the second electrode is formed on the second substrate 22b.
- 23b and the second alignment layer 24b are sequentially stacked.
- the first alignment layer 24a and the second alignment layer 24b are formed from the thermosetting composition having the above-described photo-alignment property, or the above-described alignment layer.
- liquid crystal composition used for the liquid crystal layer those generally used for the liquid crystal layer can be used.
- a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal can be used.
- the film thickness and the forming method of the liquid crystal layer can be the same as those of a general liquid crystal layer.
- a conductive layer is usually formed as an electrode between at least one of the first substrate and the alignment layer and between the second substrate and the alignment layer.
- the first substrate, the second substrate, the alignment layer, and the conductive layer are the same as the substrate, the alignment layer, and the conductive layer in “B. Substrate with alignment layer” described above, and thus description thereof is omitted here. Further, the other configuration of the liquid crystal display element can be the same as that of a general liquid crystal display element.
- a second aspect of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention has the retardation plate.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display element can be the same as that of a general liquid crystal display element.
- a retardation plate may be arranged outside the substrate constituting the liquid crystal display element, and the substrate constituting the liquid crystal display element also serves as the substrate constituting the retardation plate, and the alignment layer and the position are arranged inside the substrate.
- a phase difference layer may be disposed.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- a self-crosslinkable monomer derivative 3. (3.68 g, 10 mmol) was added to a solution composed of 20 mL of 10 wt% aqueous potassium hydroxide and 20 mL of ethanol, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved at room temperature.
- 7.0 mL (80 mmol) of 37% formalin aqueous solution was slowly added at room temperature.
- the mixture was poured into 200 mL of water in a beaker. While cooling this in an ice bath, a 2.0 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution was slowly added until the pH reached 5.0.
- the precipitate was separated by filtration, sufficiently washed with water, dried, and purified by column chromatography to obtain a self-crosslinkable thermally crosslinkable monomer 8.
- Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 2
- phenyl acrylate is used in an equimolar amount and reacted in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 to produce a photo-orienting monomer. 2 was obtained.
- Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 3
- Synthesis Example a instead of using ethylene glycol, an equimolar amount of methyl trans-4-hydroxycinnamate was used to condense as in Synthesis Example a. The photo-alignment monomer 3 was obtained.
- Synthesis Example a styrene derivative 1 was used in an equimolar amount instead of 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and 4-cyanophenol was used in an equimolar amount instead of ethylene glycol.
- the photo-alignment monomer 4 was obtained by condensation.
- Synthesis of photo-alignment monomer 6 In Synthesis example 4, instead of using photo-alignment monomer 3, photo-alignment monomer 5 is used in an equimolar amount to perform deprotection in the same manner as in synthesis example 4. The styrene derivative 3 was obtained. Subsequently, in Synthesis Example a, styrene derivative 3 was used in an equimolar amount instead of 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and 4-methoxyphenol was used in an equimolar amount instead of ethylene glycol. The photo-alignment monomer 6 was obtained by condensation.
- Synthesis Example 7 Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 7
- Synthesis Example a instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, equimolar amount of styrene derivative 2 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, equimolar amount of methyl ferulate was used. Then, the photo-alignment monomer 7 was obtained by condensation in the same manner as in Synthesis Example a.
- Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 8 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, an equimolar amount of thermally crosslinkable monomer 4 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, trans-cinnamic acid was used. The photoalignment monomer 8 was obtained by condensing using equimolar amount similarly to the synthesis example a.
- Synthesis of Photoalignment Monomer 10 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, an equimolar amount of thermally crosslinkable monomer 1 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, trans-cinnamic acid was used. The photoalignment monomer 10 was obtained by condensing using equimolar amount similarly to the synthesis example a.
- Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 11 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, an equimolar amount of thermally crosslinkable monomer 3 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, trans-cinnamic acid was used. The photoalignment monomer 11 was obtained by condensing using equimolar amount similarly to the synthesis example a.
- Synthesis of Photoalignment Monomer 12 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, an equimolar amount of thermally crosslinkable monomer 5 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, trans-cinnamic acid was used. The photoalignment monomer 12 was obtained by condensing using equimolar amount similarly to the synthesis example a.
- Synthesis of Photoalignment Monomer 13 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, an equimolar amount of thermally crosslinkable monomer 5 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, 4-methoxycinnamic acid was used. Was used in an equimolar amount to condense in the same manner as in Synthesis Example a to obtain photoalignable monomer 13.
- Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 14 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using 4-vinylbenzoic acid, an equimolar amount of thermally crosslinkable monomer 6 was used, and instead of using ethylene glycol, trans-cinnamic acid was used. The photoalignment monomer 14 was obtained by condensing using equimolar amount similarly to the synthesis example a.
- Synthesis Example 15 Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 15
- 14.8 g (100 mmol) of trans-cinnamic acid and 20.2 g (200 mmol) of triethylamine were dissolved in 200 ml of dichloromethane and stirred for 15 minutes in an ice bath.
- 16.7 g (110 mmol) of 4- (chloromethyl) styrene was slowly added and stirred for 18 hours.
- Synthesis of Photo-Orienting Monomer 17 In Synthesis Example a, instead of using ethylene glycol, 7-hydroxycoumarin is used in an equimolar amount to condense in the same manner as in Synthesis Example a. 17 was obtained.
- Copolymers 2 to 39 4-vinylbenzoic acid or the above heat crosslinkable monomers 1 to 9 as a heat crosslinkable monomer, and the above photoalignable monomers 1 to 17 as a photoalignment monomer are necessary. Depending on the conditions, copolymers 2 to 39 were synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1 using other monomers.
- Comparative Production Examples 1 and 2 Synthesis of Comparative Copolymers 1 and 2 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or thermally crosslinkable monomer 1 as the thermally crosslinkable monomer and 4- (6-methacrylic acid) as the comparative photoalignment monomer 1
- HEMA 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- 6-methacrylic acid 6-methacrylic acid
- Copolymers 40 to 47 Synthesis of Copolymers 40 to 47 Using the above-mentioned thermally crosslinkable monomers 5, 7, 8, photo-alignment monomers 3, 8, 10, self-crosslinkable monomers, and other monomers, Copolymers 40 to 47 were synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1.
- Mn number average molecular weight of each synthesized copolymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using HLC-8220 GPC manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and polystyrene as a standard substance and NMP as an eluent. It calculated in.
- thermosetting composition 1 having the following composition was prepared.
- -Copolymer 1 0.1 g -Hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMM): 0.01 g
- PTSA P-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
- PGME Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- thermosetting composition prepared in Example 1 was applied to one surface of the transparent glass substrate by spin coating, and was heated and dried in an oven at 100 ° C. for 1 minute to form a cured film, whereby a coating film was obtained.
- An alignment layer was formed by irradiating the cured film surface with polarized ultraviolet rays containing a 313 nm emission line in a direction perpendicular to the substrate normal by 10 mJ / cm 2 using a Hg—Xe lamp and a Grand Taylor prism.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition was applied to the surface of the transparent glass substrate on which the alignment layer was formed by spin coating, and heated in a 70 ° C. oven for 1 minute to form a coating film.
- a retardation plate was produced by irradiating the application surface of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition with 300 mJ / cm 2 of non-polarized ultraviolet light containing a 365 nm emission line using a Hg—Xe lamp in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Examples 2-44 and Comparative Examples 1-2 Hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMM) or 1,3,4,6-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) glycoluril (TMGU) as the cross-linking agent, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) or p as the acid or acid generator -Thermosetting properties of Examples 2-44 and Comparative Examples 1-2 as in Example 1 using pyridinium salt of toluenesulfonic acid (PPTS) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as solvent.
- PPTS pyridinium salt of toluenesulfonic acid
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- thermosetting composition 45 A thermosetting composition 45 having the composition shown below was prepared.
- -Copolymer 1 0.1 g P-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA): 0.0015 g
- PGME Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- PPME Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- thermosetting compositions of Examples 46 to 60 were prepared in the same manner as Example 45 using 1,3,4,6-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) glycoluril (TMGU) to form an alignment layer. A retardation plate was produced.
- the composition of each thermosetting composition is shown in Table 7 below.
- the liquid crystal alignment and adhesion were all good. This is thought to be because a ⁇ -electron interaction is acting between liquid crystal molecules because both the photo-alignment structural unit and the thermally crosslinkable structural unit of the copolymer have a styrene skeleton.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献3~4には、上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化膜形成組成物を用いて形成された配向層では配向感度が良かったことが開示されているが、配向規制力は十分であるとはいえず、改善の余地がある。また、配向規制力を高めるには、偏光紫外線の照射量を多くすればよいが、その場合にはスループットが低下する。
本発明によれば、配向層は所定の光二量化構造および架橋構造を有する共重合体を含有するため、優れた液晶配向能、耐熱性および耐溶剤性を得ることができる。
本発明によれば、配向層は所定の光異性化構造および架橋構造を有する共重合体を含有するため、優れた液晶配向能、耐熱性および耐溶剤性を得ることができる。
本発明によれば、配向層が上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成されるものである、または上述の配向層であることにより、液晶配向能および液晶層との密着性に優れる配向層を得ることができる。
本発明によれば、上述の配向層付基板を有するため、液晶配向能、耐熱性および耐溶剤性に優れており、光学特性の良好な位相差板を得ることができる。
本発明によれば、配向層が上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成されるものである、または上述の配向層であるため、液晶配向能および液晶層との密着性に優れており、光学特性の良好なデバイスを得ることができる。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、下記式(1)で表される光配向性構成単位および下記式(2)で表される熱架橋性構成単位を有する共重合体を含有することを特徴とするものである。
本発明に用いられる共重合体は、上記式(1)で表される光配向性構成単位および上記式(2)で表される熱架橋性構成単位を有するものである。
以下、共重合体における各構成単位について説明する。
本発明における光配向性構成単位は下記式(1)で表されるものである。
また、上記式(3-2)中、R21~R25はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~18のアリール基または炭素数1~18のシクロアルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基またはシアノ基を表す。ただし、アルキル基、アリール基およびシクロアルキル基はエーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合、尿素結合を介して結合していてもよく、置換基を有してもよい。R26およびR27はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~18のアリール基または炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基を表す。
上記式(1-3)中、L11は単結合または2価の連結基を表す。2価の連結基としては、上記式(1)のL1と同様である。R11~R17は上記式(3-1)と同様である。
上記式(1-4)中、L12は単結合または2価の連結基を表す。2価の連結基としては、上記式(1)のL1においてカルボニル結合およびチオカルボニル結合を除いた以外は同様である。
上記式(1-5)中、L13は単結合または2価の連結基を表す。2価の連結基としては、上記式(1)のL1と同様である。R35~R37は上記式(3-1)のR12~R15と同様であり、R38およびR39は上記式(3-1)のR16およびR17と同様である。
上記式(1-3)において、L11は単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCO(CH2)nCOO-、-OCO(CH2CH2O)mCOO-、-OCOC6H10O-、-COO(CH2)nO-、-COO(CH2CH2O)m-、-COOC6H10O-、-O(CH2)nO-、-O(CH2CH2O)m-、-OC6H10O-または-(CH2)nO-であることが好ましい。nは1~11であることが好ましく、mは1~5であることが好ましい。
また、上記式(1-3)で表される光配向性構成単位は、下記式(1-6)で表される構成単位であることがより好ましい。
したがって、この場合には、少ない露光量で配向層を形成することが可能な、高感度な光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物とすることができ、省エネルギーに寄与することができる。
また、高感度であるため、共重合体における光配向性構成単位の含有割合が比較的少ない場合であっても液晶配向能を得ることができる。そのため、共重合体における熱架橋性構成単位の含有割合を相対的に増やすことができ、耐熱性や耐溶剤性をより高めることができる。さらには、高感度のため、量産に適しており、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成された配向層を有するデバイスの生産性を向上させることもできる。
なお、共重合体における各構成単位の含有割合は、1H NMR測定による積分値から算出することができる。
本発明における熱架橋性構成単位は下記式(2)で表されるものである。熱架橋性構成単位は、加熱により架橋剤と結合する部位である。
ここで、自己架橋とは、架橋剤を介さずに、同一の官能基同士や異なる官能基同士で反応し、架橋構造を形成することをいう。
このような熱架橋性単位を有する共重合体を用いる場合は、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物を架橋剤を添加せずに利用することができる。そのため、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物における共重合体の含有量を相対的に増やし、配向に寄与する光配向性構成単位の含有割合を相対的に増やすことができ、光反応性を高めることができる。また、一般的に架橋剤は低分子成分であり、架橋剤を添加しないことにより、架橋剤が配向層の表面に浮き出てくる、いわゆるブリードアウトを防ぐことができ、液晶配向能が阻害されるのを抑制することができる。したがって、光反応性を高め、感度を向上させることができる。
したがって、この場合には、少ない露光量で配向層を形成することが可能な、高感度な光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物とすることができる。よって、配向層形成時の偏光紫外線の照射量を少なく、照射時間を短くすることができ、省エネルギーの観点から有用である。
また、高感度であるため、共重合体における光配向性構成単位の含有割合が比較的少ない場合であっても液晶配向能を得ることができる。そのため、共重合体における熱架橋性構成単位の含有割合を相対的に増やすことができ、耐熱性や耐溶剤性をより高めることができる。さらには、高感度のため、量産に適しており、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成された配向層を有するデバイスの生産性を向上させることもできる。
本発明において、共重合体は、自己架橋可能な第2熱架橋性基を有する第2熱架橋性構成単位を有していてもよい。共重合体が自己架橋可能な第2熱架橋性基を有する第2熱架橋性構成単位を有することにより、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物を架橋剤を別途添加せずに用いることができる。そのため、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物における共重合体の含有量を相対的に増やし、配向に寄与する光配向性構成単位の含有割合を相対的に増やすことができ、光反応性を高めることができる。また、一般的に架橋剤は低分子成分であり、架橋剤を添加しないことにより、架橋剤が配向層の表面に浮き出てくる、いわゆるブリードアウトを防ぐことができ、液晶配向能が阻害されるのを抑制することができる。したがって、光反応性を高め、感度を向上させることができる。
アクリル酸エステルおよびメタクリル酸エステルのモノマーは、溶解性が高く、市販品として入手しやすく、共重合とした際の反応性が良いという利点を有する。
また、N-アルコキシメチル基やN-ヒドロキシメチル基等の自己架橋可能な第2熱架橋性基が結合したアクリルアミドおよびメタクリルアミドのモノマーは、市販品として入手しやすく、また反応性が良いという利点を有する。
また、スチレンの場合、共重合体において、光配向性構成単位および熱架橋性構成単位だけでなく第2熱架橋性構成単位もスチレン骨格を有することにより、π電子系を多く含む共重合体とすることができる。そのため、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物を用いて配向層を形成した場合、π電子系の相互作用により、液晶配向能を向上させ、また液晶層との密着性を高めることができると考えられる。
単量体単位がスチレンの場合、-L3-Y2はオルト位、メタ位、パラ位のいずれに結合していてもよく、また複数結合していてもよい。複数の場合、L3およびY2は互いに同一でもよく異なってもよい。中でも、-L3-Y2が1つでありパラ位に結合していることが好ましい。
本発明において、共重合体は、光配向性構成単位および熱架橋性構成単位の他に、光配向性基および熱架橋性基のいずれも有さない構成単位を有していてもよい。共重合体に他の構成単位が含まれることにより、例えば溶剤溶解性、耐熱性、反応性等を高めることができる。
中でも、上記構成単位を構成する単量体単位は、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、スチレンであることが好ましい。アクリル酸エステルおよびメタクリル酸エステルのモノマーは、溶解性が高く、市販品として入手しやすく、共重合とした際の反応性が良いという利点を有する。また、スチレンの場合、上述したように、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物を用いて配向層を形成した場合には、π電子系の相互作用により、液晶配向能を向上させ、また液晶層との密着性を高めることができると考えられる。
特に、上記構成単位を構成する単量体単位はスチレンであることが好ましい。すなわち、共重合体は全構成単位がスチレン単位を有するスチレン共重合体であることが好ましい。
共重合体の数平均分子量は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば3,000~200,000程度とすることができ、好ましくは4,000~100,000の範囲内である。数平均分子量が大きすぎると、溶剤に対する溶解性が低くなったり粘度が高くなったりして取り扱い性が低下し、均一な膜を形成しにくい場合がある。また、数平均分子量が小さすぎると、熱硬化時に硬化不足になり溶剤耐性や耐熱性が低下する場合がある。
なお、数平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)法により測定することができる。
共重合体の合成方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、光配向性基を有するスチレン系モノマーと熱架橋性基を有するスチレン系モノマーと重合開始剤等とを共存させた溶剤中において重合反応させることにより得ることができる。その際、用いられる溶剤は、光配向性基を有するスチレン系モノマー、熱架橋性基を有するスチレン系モノマーおよび重合開始剤等を溶解するものであれば特に限定されない。具体的には、後述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物に用いられる溶剤と同様とすることができる。また、重合反応の際の温度は、例えば50℃~120℃程度で設定することができる。上記方法により得られる共重合体は、通常、溶剤に溶解した溶液の状態である。
すなわち、上記方法で得られた共重合体の溶液を、攪拌下のジエチルエーテルやメタノール、水等に投入して再沈殿させ、生成した沈殿物を濾過、洗浄した後に、常圧または減圧下で、常温乾燥または加熱乾燥し、共重合体の粉体とすることができる。この操作により、共重合体と共存する重合開始剤および未反応のモノマーを除去することができ、その結果、精製した共重合体の粉体が得られる。一度の操作で十分に精製できない場合は、得られた粉体を溶剤に再溶解させ、上記の操作を繰り返し行えばよい。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、架橋剤を含有することが好ましい。架橋剤は、上記共重合体の熱架橋性構成単位または第2熱架橋性構成単位と結合するものであり、耐熱性および耐溶剤性を高めることができる。一方、光反応性および感度の点からは、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、架橋剤を含有しないことが好ましい。
アルコキシメチル化グリコールウリルとしては、例えば、1,3,4,6-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)グリコールウリル、1,3,4,6-テトラキス(ブトキシメチル)グリコールウリル、1,3,4,6-テトラキス(ヒドロキシメチル)グリコールウリル、1,3-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)尿素、1,1,3,3-テトラキス(ブトキシメチル)尿素、1,1,3,3-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)尿素、1,3-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)-4,5-ジヒドロキシ-2-イミダゾリノン、1,3-ビス(メトキシメチル)-4,5-ジメトキシ-2-イミダゾリノン等が挙げられる。市販品として、三井サイテック(株)製グリコールウリル化合物(商品名サイメル1170、パウダーリンク1174)等の化合物、メチル化尿素樹脂(商品名UFR65)、ブチル化尿素樹脂(商品名UFR300、U-VAN10S60、U-VAN10R、U-VAN11HV)、大日本インキ化学工業(株)製尿素/ホルムアルデヒド系樹脂(高縮合型、商品名ベッカミンJ-300S、ベッカミンP-955、ベッカミンN)、三和ケミカル(株)社製グリコールウリル化合物(商品名ニカラックMX-270)、イミダゾリジン化合物(商品名ニカラックMX-280)等が挙げられる。
アルコキシメチル化ベンゾグアナミンとしては、例えばテトラメトキシメチルベンゾグアナミン等が挙げられる。市販品として、三井サイテック(株)製(商品名サイメル1123)、(株)三和ケミカル製(商品名ニカラックBX-4000、ニカラックBX-37、ニカラックBL-60、ニカラックBX-55H)等が挙げられる。
アルコキシメチル化メラミンとしては、例えばヘキサメトキシメチルメラミン等が挙げられる。市販品として、三井サイテック(株)製メトキシメチルタイプメラミン化合物(商品名サイメル300、サイメル301、サイメル303、サイメル350、サイメル3745)、ブトキシメチルタイプメラミン化合物(商品名マイコート506、マイコート508、サイメル1156)、三和ケミカル製メトキシメチルタイプメラミン化合物(商品名ニカラックMW-30、ニカラックMW-22、ニカラックMW-11、ニカラックMS-001、ニカラックMX-002、ニカラックMX-730、ニカラックMX-750、ニカラックMX-035、ニカラックMW-390、ニカラックMW-100LM、ニカラックMX-750LM)、ブトキシメチルタイプメラミン化合物(商品名ニカラックMX-45、ニカラックMX-410、ニカラックMX-302)等が挙げられる。
そのようなポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリ(N-ブトキシメチルアクリルアミド)、N-ブトキシメチルアクリルアミドとスチレンとの共重合体、N-ヒドロキシメチルメタクリルアミドとメチルメタクリレートとの共重合体、N-エトキシメチルメタクリルアミドとベンジルメタクリレートとの共重合体、およびN-ブトキシメチルアクリルアミドとベンジルメタクリレートと2-ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレートとの共重合体等が挙げられる。このようなポリマーの重量平均分子量は、1,000~500,000の範囲内であり、好ましくは2,000~200,000の範囲内であり、より好ましくは3,000~150,000の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは3,000~50,000の範囲内である。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、酸または酸発生剤を含有してもよい。酸または酸発生剤により、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物の熱硬化反応を促進させることができる。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、増感剤を含有してもよい。増感剤により、光二量化反応や光異性化反応等の光反応を促進させることができる。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、主として溶剤に溶解した溶液状態で用いられる。
溶剤としては、上記の各成分を溶解できるものであれば特に限定されるものでなく、例えば、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールプロピルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トルエン、キシレン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、2-ブタノン、3-メチル-2-ペンタノン、2-ペンタノン、2-ヘプタノン、γ―ブチロラクトン、2-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸エチル、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸エチル、エトキシ酢酸エチル、ヒドロキシ酢酸エチル、2-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルブタン酸メチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン等が挙げられる。溶剤は1種単独でまたは2種以上の組合せで使用することができる。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、必要に応じて、シランカップリング剤、界面活性剤、レオロジー調整剤、顔料、染料、保存安定剤、消泡剤、酸化防止剤等を含有することができる。また、液晶配向能の向上のために、液晶性モノマーを含有させることができる。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、通常、各成分が溶剤に溶解した溶液として用いられる。本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物における固形分の割合は、各成分が均一に溶剤に溶解している限り特に限定されるものではなく、0.1質量%~80質量%の範囲内であり、好ましくは0.5質量%~60質量%の範囲内であり、より好ましくは0.5質量%~40質量%の範囲内である。固形分の割合が少なすぎると、液晶配向能や熱硬化性を付与することが困難になる場合がある。また、固形分の割合が多すぎると、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物の粘度が高くなり、均一な膜を形成しにくくなる。
なお、固形分とは、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物の全成分から溶剤を除いたものをいう。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物の調製においては、溶剤中の重合反応によって得られる共重合体の溶液をそのまま使用することができる。この場合、共重合体の溶液に、上述のように架橋剤、増感剤およびその他の添加剤等を入れて均一な溶液とし、後から酸または酸発生剤を添加する。この際に、濃度調整を目的としてさらに溶剤を加えてもよい。このとき、共重合体の生成過程で用いられる溶剤と、光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物の濃度調整に用いられる溶剤とは同一であってもよく異なってもよい。
本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物の用途としては、例えば位相差板等の各種光学素子の配向層、液晶表示素子の配向層を挙げることができる。また、本発明の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物は、液晶表示素子、有機EL素子、TFT、カラーフィルタ等の各種デバイスにおける絶縁膜や保護膜等に用いることもでき、例えば有機EL素子の絶縁膜、TFTの層間絶縁膜、カラーフィルタのオーバーコート層等を挙げることができる。
本発明の配向層は2つの実施態様を有する。以下、各実施態様に分けて説明する。
本実施態様の配向層は、上記式(1)で表される光配向性構成単位が有する光配向性基の光二量化構造および上記式(2)で表される熱架橋性構成単位が有する熱架橋性基の架橋構造を有する共重合体を含有することを特徴とするものである。
例えば、架橋剤がヘキサメトキシメチルメラミンの場合、架橋構造は下記に示すような構造になる。なお、下記式中、各符号は上記式(1)と同様である。
配向層が上記共重合体を含有することは、配向層から材料を採取し分析することで確認することができる。分析方法としては、NMR、IR、GC-MS、XPS、TOF-SIMSおよびこれらの組み合わせた方法を適用することができる。
光二量化反応は、下記に示すような反応であり、光配向性基に含まれるオレフィン構造が光反応によりシクロプロパン骨格を形成する反応である。光配向性基の種類に応じてXa~XdおよびXa′~Xd′は異なる。
本実施態様の配向層は、上記式(1)で表される光配向性構成単位が有する光配向性基の光異性化構造および上記式(2)で表される熱架橋性構成単位が有する熱架橋性基の架橋構造を有する共重合体を含有することを特徴とするものである。
例えば、光配向性基がシンナモイル基の場合、光異性化反応は下記に示すような反応であり、光配向性基に含まれるオレフィン構造が光反応によりシス体またはトランス体を形成する反応である。光配向性基の種類に応じてXa~Xdは異なる。
なお、架橋構造は、上記第1実施態様と同様の方法により確認することができる。
本発明の配向層付基板は、基板と、上記基板上に形成され、上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成される配向層または上述の配向層とを有することを特徴とするものである。
本発明における配向層は、上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成されるもの、または上述の配向層であり、液晶分子を配向させる機能を有するものである。
すなわち、配向層の形成においては、まず、基板上に光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物を塗布し、乾燥させ、加熱して、硬化膜を形成する。次に、硬化膜に偏光紫外線を照射して、配向層を形成する。
本発明に用いられる基板は、配向層を支持するものである。
基板としては、特に限定されるものではなく、用途等に応じて適宜選択される。基板の材料としては、例えば、ガラスや石英、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、トリアセチルセルロース、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、環状ポリオレフィン、アクリル等の樹脂、アルミニウム等の金属、シリコンやシリコンナイトライド等のセラミック等が挙げられる。また、基板は表面処理が施されたものであってもよい。
基板は、可撓性を有していてもよく有さなくてもよく、用途等に応じて適宜選択される。
本発明においては、基板と配向層と間に導電層が形成されていてもよい。導電層は例えば各種デバイスの電極として機能するものである。導電層の材料としては、例えばITO、IZO等の透明導電材料や、アルミニウム、モリブデン、クロム等の金属材料が挙げられる。
本発明の配向層付基板の用途としては、例えば位相差板等の各種光学素子、液晶表示素子、発光素子等を挙げることができる。
本発明の位相差板は、上述の配向層付基板と、上記配向層付基板の配向層上に形成された位相差層とを有することを特徴とするものである。
液晶組成物は、少なくとも液晶化合物を含有するものであり、通常はさらに溶剤を含有する。液晶組成物は、液晶化合物の配向を阻害しない範囲で、さらに他の成分を含有してもよい。
位相差層に用いられる液晶組成物としては、位相差層に一般的に用いられるものを使用することができる。液晶組成物には、例えば水平配向、コレステリック配向、垂直配向、ハイブリッド配向等の配向性を有するものがあり、配向層との組み合わせや所望の位相差等に応じて適宜選択される。
中でも、液晶化合物は、重合性基を有する重合性液晶化合物であることが好ましい。重合性液晶化合物同士を架橋することができ、位相差板の安定性が増すからである。
また、位相差層の膜厚および形成方法等は、一般的な位相差層と同様とすることができる。
本発明のデバイスは、上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成される配向層または上述の配向層を有することを特徴とするものである。
以下、位相差板および液晶表示素子に分けて説明する。
本発明における位相差板は、基板と、基板上に形成され、上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成される配向層または上述配向層と、配向層上に形成された位相差層とを有するものである。
なお、位相差層については、上記「D.位相差板」に記載したので、ここでの説明は省略する。
基板および配向層の間には導電層が形成されていてもよい。なお、基板、配向層および導電層については、上記「B.配向層付基板」における基板、配向層および導電層と同様であるので、ここでの説明は省略する。
位相差板は可撓性を有していてもよく有さなくてもよい。
本発明における液晶表示素子は、2つの態様を有する。以下、各態様に分けて説明する。
本発明における液晶表示素子の第1態様は、第1基板上に第1配向層が形成された第1配向層付基板と、第2基板上に第2配向層が形成された第2配向層付基板と、第1配向層付基板および第2配向層付基板の間に配置された液晶層とを有するものであり、第1配向層および第2配向層は、上述の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成されるもの、または上述の配向層である。
なお、第1基板、第2基板、配向層および導電層については、上記「B.配向層付基板」における基板、配向層および導電層と同様であるので、ここでの説明は省略する。
また、液晶表示素子の他の構成は、一般的な液晶表示素子の構成と同様とすることができる。
本発明における液晶表示素子の第2態様は、上記位相差板を有するものである。
液晶表示素子の構成は、一般的な液晶表示素子の構成と同様とすることができる。例えば、液晶表示素子を構成する基板の外側に位相差板を配置してもよく、液晶表示素子を構成する基板が位相差板を構成する基板を兼ねており、基板の内側に配向層および位相差層が配置されていてもよい。
300mLフラスコ中、氷冷下において4-ビニル安息香酸20.15g(136mmol)、エチレングリコール7.3g(118mmol)、ジメチルアミノピリジン0.458g(3.82mmol)をジクロロメタン130mlに溶解し、ジクロロメタン40mlに溶解したN,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド28.0g(136mmol)を約10分かけて滴下した。15時間撹拌した後、反応溶液を冷却し、沈殿物をろ別した。溶媒を留去し、メタノールを添加し、再結晶により熱架橋性モノマー1を15.5g得た。
合成例aにおいて、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、ジエチレングリコールを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、熱架橋性モノマー2を得た。
合成例aにおいて、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、1,4-シクロヘキサンジオールを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、熱架橋性モノマー3を得た。
200mLフラスコ中、窒素雰囲気下において、p-アセトキシスチレン20.0g(118mmol)を酢酸エチル80mLに溶解し、ナトリウムメトキシド9.08g(47.1mmol)を約30分かけてゆっくり滴下した。1時間半撹拌した後、TLCにより反応の終了を確認し、酢酸エチルで抽出した後、1N塩酸、純水、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥した。溶媒を留去し、乾燥させることで、熱架橋性モノマー4を得た。
熱架橋性モノマー4を合成例dと同様にして得た。200mLフラスコ中、窒素雰囲気、氷零下において、熱架橋性モノマー4 14.0g(118mmol)をジメチルホルムアミド100mlに溶解し、水酸化ナトリウム7.07g(177mmol)を添加し、15分撹拌した後、2-クロロエタノール10.5g(130mmol)を約10分かけて滴下した。16時間撹拌した後、TLCにより反応の終了を確認し、酢酸エチルで抽出した後、飽和炭酸水素水溶液、1N塩酸、純水、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥した。溶媒を留去し、乾燥させることで、熱架橋性モノマー5を得た。
熱架橋性モノマー4を合成例dと同様にして得た。合成例eにおいて、2-クロロエタノールを用いる代わりに、6-クロロヘキサノールを等モル量用いて、合成例dと同様にエーテル化することで、熱架橋性モノマー6を得た。
200mLフラスコ中、窒素雰囲気下において、p-アセトキシスチレン20.0g(118mmol)を酢酸エチル80mLに溶解し、ナトリウムメトキシド9.08g(47.1mmol)を約30分かけてゆっくり滴下した。1時間半撹拌し、TLCにより反応の終了を確認したのち、この溶液に37%ホルマリン水溶液56.0mL(944mmoL)を室温下でゆっくりと加えた。更に、窒素雰囲気下、40℃で24時間攪拌した後、ビーカー中の水200mLに投入した。これを氷浴にて冷却しながら2.0wt%酢酸水溶液をpH5.0になるまでゆっくりと加えた。析出物をろ別し、十分に水洗浄した後、乾燥し、カラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、自己架橋性の熱架橋性モノマー7を得た。
合成例dと同様に熱架橋性モノマー4(自己架橋性モノマー誘導体1)を得た。
500mLフラスコ中、熱架橋性モノマー4 12g(100mmol)、アジピン酸16.1g(110mmol)およびジメチルアミノピリジン1.2g(9.8mmol)をジクロロメタン130mlに溶解し、ジクロロメタン40mlに溶解したN,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド22.6g(110mmol)を約10分かけて滴下した。15時間撹拌した後、反応溶液を冷却し、沈殿物をろ別した。溶媒を留去し、メタノールを添加し、再結晶によりカルボン酸誘導体1(自己架橋性モノマー誘導体2)を得た。
300mLフラスコ中、4-ブロモスチレン14.7g(80mmol)、塩化パラジウム0.18g(800μmol)、トリス(2-トリル)ホスフィン0.98g(3.2mmol)、トリエチルアミン32.4g(320mmol)をジメチルアセトアミド135mLに溶解した。次にシリンジでアクリル酸メチル8.3g(97mmol)混合溶液に加え撹拌した。この混合溶液を更に120℃で3時間加熱撹拌した。TLCで反応の終了を確認した後、反応溶液を室温まで冷却した。沈殿物をろ別した後、ろ液を1N塩酸水溶液300mLに注ぎ、沈殿物を回収した。これらの沈殿物を酢酸エチルとヘキサンの1:1(質量比)溶液で再結晶することにより光配向性モノマー1を得た。
合成例1において、アクリル酸メチルを用いる代わりに、アクリル酸フェニルを等モル量用いて、合成例1と同様に反応することで、光配向性モノマー2を得た。
合成例aにおいて、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、trans-4-ヒドロキシけい皮酸メチルを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー3を得た。
500mLフラスコ中、窒素雰囲気下において、光配向性モノマー3 15.4g(50mmol)をメタノール200mLに溶解し、炭酸カリウム8.3g(60mmol)を添加し、終夜で撹拌した。TLCにより反応が終了したことを確認し、沈殿物をろ過した後、濃縮した。濃縮物を酢酸エチルで抽出した後、1N塩酸、純水、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムにより乾燥した。溶媒を留去し、乾燥させることで、スチレン誘導体1を得た。
続いて、合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりにスチレン誘導体1を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、4-シアノフェノールを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー4を得た。
合成例dと同様に熱架橋性モノマー4を得た。500mLフラスコ中、熱架橋性モノマー4 12g(100mmol)、無水こはく酸11.0g(110mmol)および4-ジメチルアミノピリジン1.2g(9.8mmol)を添加し、十分に系内を乾燥した。この系に、トリエチルアミン11.2g(110mmol)およびテトラヒドロフラン200mLを加え、5時間還流下において反応を行った。反応終了後、希塩酸を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出して得た有機層につき水洗を行い、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後に濃縮し、エタノールで再結晶することにより、スチレン誘導体2を得た。
続いて、合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりにスチレン誘導体2を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、4-ヒドロキシ桂皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー5を得た。
合成例4において、光配向性モノマー3を用いる代わりに、光配向性モノマー5を等モル量用いて、合成例4と同様に脱保護することで、スチレン誘導体3を得た。
続いて、合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりにスチレン誘導体3を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、4-メトキシフェノールを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー6を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりにスチレン誘導体2を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、フェルラ酸メチルを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー7を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー4を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、trans-けい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー8を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー4を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、4-メトキシけい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー9を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー1を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、trans-けい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー10を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー3を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、trans-けい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー11を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー5を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、trans-けい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー12を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー5を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、4-メトキシけい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー13を得た。
合成例aにおいて、4-ビニル安息香酸を用いる代わりに熱架橋性モノマー6を等モル量用い、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、trans-けい皮酸を等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー14を得た。
300mLフラスコ中、trans-けい皮酸14.8g(100mmol)、トリエチルアミン20.2g(200mmol)をジクロロメタン200mlに溶解し氷浴下で15分撹拌した。この系に4-(クロロメチル)スチレン16.7g(110mmol)をゆっくり加え、18時間撹拌した。反応終了後、希塩酸を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出して得た有機層につき水洗を行い、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後に濃縮し、エタノールで再結晶することにより、光配向性モノマー15を得た。
300mLフラスコ中、ジメチルホルムアミド100mLに4-アセチルスチレン14.6g(100mmol)、ベンズアルデヒド10.6g(100mmol)を加え攪拌し、カリウム-t-ブトキシド12.4g(110mmol)を加えた。約110℃で約4時間反応し、冷却後、水100mL及び酢酸20.0gを順に加え、更に氷冷し、析出した結晶をろ過した。得られた結晶をメタノールにより再結晶することで、光配向性モノマー16を得た。
合成例aにおいて、エチレングリコールを用いる代わりに、7-ヒドロキシクマリンを等モル量用いて、合成例aと同様に縮合することで、光配向性モノマー17を得た。
合成した各モノマーは、日本電子(株)製JEOL JNM-LA400WBを用いて、1H NMR測定により、化学構造を確認した。
熱架橋性モノマー1 3.46g、光配向性モノマー3 0.62g、重合触媒としてα、α′-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)50mgをジオキサン25mlに溶解し、90℃にて6時間反応させた。反応終了後、再沈殿法により精製することで、共重合体1を得た。得られた共重合体の数平均分子量は8500であった。
熱架橋性モノマーとして4-ビニル安息香酸または上記熱架橋性モノマー1~9、光配向性モノマーとして上記光配向性モノマー1~17、必要に応じて他のモノマーを用いて、製造例1と同様に共重合体2~39を合成した。
熱架橋性モノマーとして2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)または熱架橋性モノマー1、比較光配向性モノマー1として4-(6-メタクリルオキシヘキシル-1-オキシ)ケイ皮酸メチルエステルを用いて、製造例1と同様に比較共重合体1~2を合成した。
上記の熱架橋性モノマー5、7、8、光配向性モノマー3、8、10、自己架橋性モノマー、および他のモノマーを用いて、製造例1と同様に共重合体40~47を合成した。
合成した各共重合体の数平均分子量(以下、Mnと称す)は、東ソー(株)製HLC-8220 GPCを用いて、ポリスチレンを標準物質とし、NMPを溶離液としてゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)にて算出した。
(熱硬化性組成物1の調製)
下記に示す組成の熱硬化性組成物1を調製した。
・共重合体1:0.1g
・ヘキサメトキシメチルメラミン(HMM):0.01g
・p-トルエンスルホン酸1水和物(PTSA):0.0015g
・プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME):2.1g
透明ガラス基板の一面に、実施例1で調製した熱硬化性組成物をスピンコートにより塗布し、100℃のオーブンで1分間加熱乾燥させ、硬化膜を形成し、塗膜を得た。この硬化膜表面にHg-Xeランプおよびグランテーラープリズムを用いて313nmの輝線を含む偏光紫外線を基板法線から垂直方向に10mJ/cm2照射することで、配向層を形成した。
下記式で表される液晶性モノマーをシクロヘキサンノンに固形分15質量%となるように溶解した溶液に、BASF株式会社製の光重合開始剤イルガキュア184を5質量%添加し、重合性液晶組成物を調製した。
架橋剤としてヘキサメトキシメチルメラミン(HMM)または1,3,4,6-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)グリコールウリル(TMGU)、酸または酸発生剤としてp-トルエンスルホン酸1水和物(PTSA)またはp-トルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウム塩(PPTS)、溶剤としてプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)またはメチルエチルケトン(MEK)を用いて、実施例1と同様に、実施例2~44および比較例1~2の熱硬化性組成物を調製し、配向層を形成し、位相差板を作製した。
各熱硬化性組成物の組成を下記表6に示す。
(熱硬化性組成物45の調製)
下記に示す組成の熱硬化性組成物45を調製した。
・共重合体1:0.1g
・p-トルエンスルホン酸1水和物(PTSA):0.0015g
・プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME):2.1g
(配向層の形成)
実施例1と同様に配向層を形成した。
(位相差板の作製)
実施例1と同様に位相差板を作製した。
酸または酸発生剤としてp-トルエンスルホン酸1水和物(PTSA)またはp-トルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウム塩(PPTS)、溶剤としてプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)、架橋剤としてヘキサメトキシメチルメラミン(HMM)または1,3,4,6-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)グリコールウリル(TMGU)を用いて、実施例45と同様に、実施例46~60の熱硬化性組成物を調製し、配向層を形成し、位相差板を作製した。
各熱硬化性組成物の組成を下記表7に示す。
得られた各位相差板について以下の評価を行った。
実施例1~44および比較例1~2について、2枚の直線偏光板をクロスニコル状態にして、その間に位相差板を挟み、目視で観察した。基板を回転させた際に、面内に観察される明暗模様が明確なものを「○」、配向欠陥がみられるものを「×」として評価した。
実施例1~44および比較例1~2について、位相差板に対し、等間隔スペーサーを用いて、カッターナイフで1mm間隔に切り込みを入れて、10×10の格子パターンを形成した。続いて、格子パターンの上にセロハンテープを置き、しっかりと密着させた後、セロハンテープを引き剥がした。セロハンテープを引き剥がした後の塗膜のカット部分を観察した。塗膜がカットの線に沿って、または交差する点において剥離が生じている格子の目の個数が、格子パターン全体の個数に対して15%未満の場合を「A」とし、15%以上場合を「B」とした。
実施例45~60について、2枚の直線偏光板をクロスニコル状態にして、その間に位相差板を挟み、目視で観察した。基板を回転させた際に、面内に観察される明暗模様が非常に明確なものを「◎」、面内に観察される明暗模様が明確なものを「○」、配向欠陥がみられるものを「×」として評価した。
Claims (18)
- 前記熱架橋性構成単位の熱架橋性基と結合する架橋剤をさらに含有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記熱架橋性基構成単位が前記熱架橋性基として自己架橋可能な架橋基を有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記共重合体が、自己架橋可能な第2熱架橋性基を有する第2熱架橋性構成単位をさらに有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記光配向性基が光二量化反応または光異性化反応を生じる官能基であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれかに記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記光配向性基がシンナモイル基であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれかに記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記熱架橋性基がヒドロキシ基であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項、第2項または第4項に記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記共重合体の全構成単位がスチレン単位を有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれかに記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物。
- 前記架橋構造が、前記熱架橋性構成単位が有する前記熱架橋性基と架橋剤とが結合してなる架橋構造であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項から第12項までのいずれかに記載の配向層。
- 前記架橋構造が、前記熱架橋性基構成単位が前記熱架橋性基として有する自己架橋可能な架橋基の架橋構造であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項から第12項までのいずれかに記載の配向層。
- 基板と、前記基板上に形成され、請求の範囲第1項から第4項までのいずれかに記載の光配向性を有する熱硬化性組成物から形成される配向層とを有することを特徴とする配向層付基板。
- 基板と、前記基板上に形成され、請求の範囲第9項から第12項までのいずれかに記載の配向層とを有することを特徴とする配向層付基板。
- 基板と、前記基板上に形成され、請求の範囲第9項から第12項までのいずれかに記載の配向層と、前記配向層上に形成された位相差層とを有することを特徴とする位相差板。
- 請求の範囲第9項から第12項までのいずれかに記載の配向層を有することを特徴とするデバイス。
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CN106030395B (zh) | 2019-08-23 |
KR102214075B1 (ko) | 2021-02-09 |
CN106030395A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
KR20160121525A (ko) | 2016-10-19 |
TWI638836B (zh) | 2018-10-21 |
US20160355735A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
TW201534627A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
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