WO2015113489A1 - 一种腔体式移相器 - Google Patents

一种腔体式移相器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015113489A1
WO2015113489A1 PCT/CN2015/071661 CN2015071661W WO2015113489A1 WO 2015113489 A1 WO2015113489 A1 WO 2015113489A1 CN 2015071661 W CN2015071661 W CN 2015071661W WO 2015113489 A1 WO2015113489 A1 WO 2015113489A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
phase shifter
transmission line
feed network
longitudinal direction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/071661
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘培涛
苏国生
陈礼涛
卜斌龙
薛峰章
孙善球
Original Assignee
京信通信***（中国）有限公司
刘培涛
苏国生
陈礼涛
卜斌龙
薛峰章
孙善球
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=51468155&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2015113489(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by 京信通信***（中国）有限公司, 刘培涛, 苏国生, 陈礼涛, 卜斌龙, 薛峰章, 孙善球 filed Critical 京信通信***（中国）有限公司
Priority to US15/114,154 priority Critical patent/US10062939B2/en
Priority to EP15743419.2A priority patent/EP3101725A4/en
Priority to MX2016009795A priority patent/MX365735B/es
Priority to BR112016015890-3A priority patent/BR112016015890B1/pt
Publication of WO2015113489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015113489A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/04—Fixed joints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/182—Waveguide phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/183—Coaxial phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
    • H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication antennas, and in particular to a phase shifter.
  • the ETA base station antenna is one of the key devices covering the network
  • the phase shifter is the core component of the ETA base station antenna.
  • the performance of the phase shifter directly determines the performance of the ESC antenna.
  • the quality of network coverage is affected, so the importance of phase shifters in the field of mobile base station antennas is self-evident.
  • two technologies are mainly used, one is realized by changing the electrical length of the signal passing path in the phase shifter; the other is by changing the signal in the phase shifter by moving the medium in the phase shifter. The rate of propagation, thereby allowing the signal flowing through the phase shifter to form a continuous linear phase difference, thereby achieving the purpose of phase shifting.
  • phase shifter cavity and the transmission line conversion device are complicated, and it is difficult to form by a simple die casting or pultrusion process.
  • phase shifter cavity is tightened with more screws, which easily leads to a decrease in production efficiency.
  • passive intermodulation products are easily caused when the screw fails.
  • a cavity type phase shifter comprising a cavity, a feed network, a dielectric element and at least one transmission line switching device; the cavity having a plurality of package walls and a cavity defined by the plurality of package walls, and the cavity At least one end of the two ends in the longitudinal direction is not provided with a package wall to reserve an open end; the feed network is disposed in the cavity; the dielectric element is disposed on the package wall and the feed network Simultaneously, the force can be linearly moved along the longitudinal direction of the cavity; the cavity is installed at one end of the longitudinal direction or at a position of the cavity side wall of the cavity near the end of the cavity Portion for mounting the transmission line switching device; the at least one transmission line switching device is coupled to the package wall for connection to an outer conductor of the transmission cable and for the inner conductor of the transmission cable to traverse to the cavity The cavity is connected to the feed network.
  • the transmission line switching device includes at least one transmission line connection end for connecting to an outer conductor of a transmission cable and a plurality of fixing posts connected to the transmission line connection end, the mounting portion being open for clamping the fixed column The bayonet inside.
  • the at least one transmission line connection end of the transmission line conversion device is integrally formed with the plurality of fixing posts.
  • the transmission line switching device is fixed at the mounting portion by means of a fixing post that is welded in the bayonet.
  • the welding method is automatic welding or semi-automatic welding to ensure the quality and consistency of welding.
  • the feed network is a circuit composed of a metal conductor according to the principle of a phase shifting circuit, and the metal conductor is fixed in the cavity by an insulating fixing member.
  • the feeding network is a circuit with a phase shifting function based on a PCB board.
  • the cavity has a pair of card slots on the inner wall of the package wall along the longitudinal direction for clamping the PCB board. Inside.
  • the cavity phase shifter further includes a dielectric drive element disposed at an open end of the cavity and coupled to the dielectric element for driving the dielectric element to move linearly along a longitudinal direction of the cavity.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the cavity type phase shifter of the present invention after the cavity and the transmission line conversion device are separately designed and formed, the assembly is welded by means of automatic welding or semi-automatic welding, and the cavity is pultrusion or die-casting. Forming, the cavity phase shifter of the invention has the characteristics of simple design and processing, greatly reduces the processing difficulty of the phase shifter, and is advantageous for mass production.
  • the cavity type phase shifter of the invention has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and low cost.
  • the cavity type phase shifter of the invention does not need any metal screw fastening, and the transmission line conversion device and the cavity are fixed by welding, which can avoid the reliability problem of the screw failure and avoid the introduced intermodulation products.
  • the transmission line conversion device is welded to the cavity by means of automated or semi-automatic welding to help ensure the quality and consistency of the weld.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cavity type phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the A-A direction of the cavity type phase shifter shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a transmission line conversion device of the cavity type phase shifter shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a cavity type phase shifter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the A-A direction of the cavity type phase shifter shown in Figure 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a transmission line conversion device of the cavity type phase shifter shown in FIG. 4;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a cavity type phase shifter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the A-A direction of the cavity type phase shifter shown in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a transmission line converting device of the cavity type phase shifter shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a transmission line converting device of the cavity type phase shifter shown in FIG. 7.
  • the cavity phase shifter of the present invention comprises an integrally formed cavity, a feed network, a plurality of transmission line switching devices and a dielectric component, the feed network being disposed in the cavity, and the plurality of transmission line conversion devices Both are connected to the cavity, and the dielectric element is disposed between the cavity and the feed network.
  • the present invention also discloses a transmission cable assembled with the cavity phase shifter.
  • the cavity is a cavity integrally formed by a pultrusion process or a die casting process, and includes a plurality of package walls and defined by the plurality of package walls for accommodating the feed network and other related components a cavity, and at least one end of the cavity at both ends of the longitudinal direction is not provided with a package wall to reserve the open end.
  • a person skilled in the art may set the plurality of package walls as four package walls disposed in a longitudinal direction of the cavity according to an operation requirement, or set the plurality of package walls to include a longitudinal direction surrounding the cavity.
  • the five package walls including the four package walls, that is, the two end faces of the longitudinal direction of the cavity have at least one end face without a package wall to reserve the open end for mounting the feed network, the dielectric component and the pair The media element operates.
  • the feed network may be a circuit having a phase shifting circuit function printed on a substrate such as a PCB. A pair of opposite package wall inner walls of the cavity are respectively provided with card slots for clamping the substrate of the feed network therein.
  • the feed network may also be a circuit consisting of a metal conductor in accordance with the function of a phase shifting circuit, the metal conductor being fixed in the cavity of the cavity by an insulating fixture.
  • the feed network has an input port and an output port, which are simply referred to as “feed ports”, and the plurality of feed ports respectively correspond to inner conductors connected to one transmission cable.
  • an operation hole is opened at a position on the package wall corresponding to the input/output port.
  • the number of the operation holes may be equal to the feed port or may be slightly less than the number of the feed ports, and may be flexibly set by a person skilled in the art as needed.
  • the transmission line switching devices are all connected to the package wall for soldering the outer conductor of the transmission cable, and the inner conductor of the transmission cable is traversed into the cavity and connected to the feed port of the feed network.
  • Each of the transmission line conversion devices includes at least one transmission line connection end and a plurality of fixing posts connected to the transmission line connection end, and the transmission line connection end is used to connect the outer conductor of the transmission cable to the package wall, and transmit the cable.
  • the inner conductor is connected to the feed network through a transmission line connection end, and the fixed post of the transmission line switching device is used to fix the transmission line conversion device to the cavity. Since each feed port is connected to the inner conductor of a transmission cable, the number of connection ends of the transmission line should coincide with the number of feed ports of the cavity type phase shifter.
  • the cavity is provided with at least one mounting portion, and the mounting portion is provided with a bayonet for clamping a fixing post of the transmission line switching device therein
  • the transmission line switching device is fixed to the mounting portion by means of a fixing post that is welded in the bayonet.
  • the at least one mounting portion is disposed at a position of the cavity end and/or the at least one mounting portion disposed on a package wall of the cavity sidewall near an end of the cavity.
  • the end of the cavity it is meant at least one of the two end faces of the cavity in the longitudinal direction, which is a pair of opposite concepts to the side wall of the cavity.
  • the mounting portion can be flexibly set by a person skilled in the art according to the needs of the wiring.
  • the mounting portion may be disposed on the end of the cavity, or it may be disposed on the wall of the cavity of the cavity near the end of the cavity.
  • the plurality of mounting portions may be disposed on the plurality of package walls, and may also be disposed on the same sidewall packaging wall at positions close to both ends of the cavity.
  • the dielectric element is elongated and disposed between the feed network and the package wall.
  • the dielectric element linearly moves along the longitudinal direction of the cavity by force, thereby changing the signal propagation rate in the phase shifter, thereby changing the phase of the signal, forming a phase difference, and achieving phase shifting.
  • the cavity type phase shifter 1 of the present invention includes a cavity 11, a feed network 12, a dielectric element 13, and a transmission line switching device 13.
  • the feed network 12 is disposed in the cavity 11
  • the dielectric element 14 is disposed between the feed network 12 and the cavity 11
  • the transmission line conversion device 13 is disposed in the cavity 11 One end.
  • the cavity 11 is a cavity integrally formed by a pultrusion or die casting process, and includes four package walls 110 surrounding the longitudinal direction of the cavity and a cavity defined by the four package walls 110 (not labeled, lower) with).
  • the cavity 11 is not provided with a package wall 110 at one end thereof, wherein one end is electrically connected to the feed network 12 for facilitating the inner conductor 152 of the transmission cable 15; the other end is used for mounting the dielectric element 14 and facilitating manipulation of the dielectric element 14 linearly moves along the longitudinal direction of the cavity 11.
  • the feed network 12 is a circuit composed of a metal conductor according to the principle of a phase shifting circuit, and is fixed in the cavity 11 by an insulating fixture (not shown).
  • the feed network 12 has an input port and an output port.
  • the input port and the output port of the feed network are collectively referred to as feed ports for connecting with external components to realize signal conversion transmission.
  • the feed network 12 may also be a circuit with a phase shifting function printed on a substrate (not shown) such as a PCB board, through a pair of opposing ones in the cavity 11
  • a card slot (not shown) that encloses the substrate (not shown) is fixed in the cavity on the package wall.
  • the cavity type phase shifter 1 of the present embodiment further includes a transmission line switching device 13.
  • the transmission line switching device 13 includes a pair of transmission line connecting ends 130 and three fixing posts 131 integrally formed with the pair of transmission line connecting ends 130.
  • the transmission line connection end 130 is used to weld the outer conductor 151 of the transmission cable 15 and the inner conductor 152 of the transmission cable 15 is traversed into the cavity to be connected to the feed network 12.
  • the three fixing posts 131 are used to mount the transmission line switching device 13 to the cavity 11.
  • the arrangement of the transmission line switching device 13 according to the present invention is adapted to use a coaxial cable 15 as a transmission cable 15 to connect with the cavity 11 and the feed network 12 to effect signal conversion transmission.
  • the outer conductor 151 of the coaxial cable 15 feeding the signal is just in contact with the transmission line connection end 130 of the transmission line switching device 13 of the cavity type phase shifter 1 of the present invention, and the coaxial cable
  • the inner conductor 152 of the 15 is connected to the feed port of the feed network 12 of the phase shifter 1, and the insulating medium between the outer conductor 151 of the coaxial cable 15 and its inner conductor 152 just happens to feed the network 12 and the cavity.
  • the package walls 110 of the body 11 are insulated from each other.
  • one end of the cavity 11 is provided with a mounting portion (not numbered) for mounting the transmission line switching device 13.
  • a bayonet 111 for chucking the fixing post 131 of the transmission line switching device 13 is provided at a position corresponding to the fixing post 131 on the mounting portion (not numbered).
  • the fixing post 131 of the transmission line converting device 13 is engaged with the bayonet 111 of the cavity 11 and fixed by welding.
  • the welding method is preferably automated or semi-automated welding to ensure the quality and consistency of the welding.
  • the dielectric element 14 is disposed between the package wall 110 and the feed network 12, and the dielectric element 14 extends from one end of the cavity 11 within the cavity 11 to the other end and extends. To the outside of the cavity 11.
  • the dielectric element 14 includes an upper dielectric element 142 and an underlying dielectric element 141 disposed above and below the feed network 12, respectively, such that as many voids in the cavity The ground is filled by the dielectric element 14.
  • the dielectric constant of the material selected for the dielectric element 14 >1.0.
  • the material may be one or more, and in addition to requiring a high dielectric constant, it is preferable to have a low loss tangent property.
  • the dielectric element 14 linearly moves along the longitudinal direction of the cavity 11 by force, thereby changing the signal propagation rate of the phase shifter 1, thereby causing a change in the phase of the signal, forming a phase difference, and achieving the purpose of phase shifting. .
  • the cavity phase shifter 1 further comprises a medium drive element 17 connected to the medium element 14, the medium drive element 17 being arranged on the cavity 11 and The opposite end of the mounting part (not labeled).
  • the dielectric element 14 further includes a dielectric element connection 143 for connecting the upper dielectric element 142 and the lower dielectric element 141.
  • the cavity phase shifter 2 is a composite phase shifter, and the two phase shifters are arranged side by side and side by side to share a cavity 21 , which is applicable to single frequency dual polarization movement. Communication antenna application field.
  • the cavity 21 is integrally formed by pultrusion or die casting, and internally forms two upper and lower cavities (not labeled) penetrating in the longitudinal direction of the cavity 21, and the cavity (not labeled) is used for mounting the feeding network 22 and the medium. Element 24 and other components.
  • a plurality of operation holes 212 are defined in the cavity 21 to facilitate electrical connection between the inner conductor of the transmission cable 25 and the feed port of the feed network 22.
  • the number of the operation holes 212 is substantially the same as the number of the feed ports of the feed network 22, that is, the number of the operation holes 212 is equal to the number of the feed ports or the operation holes 212 are slightly smaller than the number of the feed ports.
  • the technical staff of the field can flexibly set as needed.
  • the transmission line switching device 23 is provided at the mounting portion.
  • the transmission line switching device 23 is provided with a plurality of fixing posts 231.
  • the mounting portions are provided with bayonet 211 for clamping the fixing post 231 therein.
  • the number of the fixing posts 231 is the same as the number of the bayonet 211.
  • the fixing post 231 of the transmission line converting device 23 is engaged with the bayonet 211 on the cavity 21, and then fixed by welding.
  • the welding method is preferably automated welding or semi-automatic welding.
  • a feed network 22 is provided in each cavity of the cavity phase shifter of the present invention, and the feed network 22 is fixed in the cavity 21 by an insulating fixture 66.
  • the arrangement of the transmission line switching device 23 in accordance with the preferred embodiment is adapted to be coupled to the cavity 21 and the feed network 22 using a coaxial cable 25 for signal conversion transmission.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 25 feeding the signal is in direct contact with the connection port 230 of the transmission line switching device 23 of the cavity type phase shifter 2 of the present invention, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 25 is
  • the feed ports of the feed network 22 of the phase shifter 2 are connected, and the insulating medium between the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 25 and its inner conductor just insulates the feed network 22 from the cavity 21.
  • a dielectric element 24 is disposed in each cavity of the cavity phase shifter of the present invention between the package wall 210 of the cavity 21 and the feed network 22, and the dielectric element 24 includes an upper dielectric element 242 and The lower dielectric element 241 is such that the phase shifter 2 obtains a larger equivalent dielectric constant.
  • the medium element 24 is forced to move linearly along the longitudinal direction of the cavity 21, thereby changing the signal propagation rate of the phase shifter 2, thereby causing a change in the phase of the signal to form a phase difference for the purpose of phase shifting. Moreover, this phase change process is linearly gradual.
  • the dielectric element 24 further includes a dielectric element connection 243 for connecting the upper dielectric element 242 and the lower dielectric element 241 together.
  • the cavity type phase shifter 2 of the present invention further includes a medium driving member 27, and the dielectric member 27 is further provided with an attachment 272 for connection with an external device such as a motor, such that The dielectric element 24 of the invention can be linearly moved in the longitudinal direction of the cavity 21 by an external device such as a motor.
  • the phase shifter of the present invention can form a plurality of cavities in the cavity 21 or side by side, or side by side, and the same feed can be installed in the cavity.
  • the electrical network 22 adapts the phase shifter to a single frequency antenna; a different feed network 22 can also be provided in the cavity to make the phase shifter 2 suitable for multi-frequency antennas.
  • the feed network 32 is substantially L-shaped, and both ends thereof are fixed in the cavity 31 by insulating fixing members (not shown, the same applies hereinafter).
  • the two ends of the cavity 31 are respectively provided with a mounting portion (not labeled, the same below), and the two mounting portions are respectively provided with a transmission line converting device 33.
  • one mounting portion is disposed at one end of the phase shifter 3 in the longitudinal direction, and the other mounting portion is disposed at a position of one side of the phase shifter 3 near the other end of the phase shifter, so that the medium element 34 can slide when It is not obstructed by the insulating fixture and the coaxial cable 35.
  • the transmission line switching device 33 is provided with a through hole 332, and the aperture of the through hole 332 is slightly larger than the axial section of the cavity 31 to facilitate the insertion of the cavity 31 into the through hole 332.
  • the cavity 31 is inserted after the through hole 332, and the two are fixedly connected by means of automatic or semi-automatic welding.
  • the transmission line switching device 33 further includes a transmission line connection end 330, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 35 is connected to the transmission line connection end 330 of the transmission line conversion device 33, and the inner conductor 352 is connected to the feed network 32 of the phase shifter 3
  • the feed port 320 is connected, and the insulating medium between the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 35 and its inner conductor 352 just insulates the feed network 32 from the cavity 31 of the phase shifter 3, thereby achieving the purpose of feeding.
  • An operation hole 312 is defined in the package wall 310 of the cavity 31 corresponding to the feed port 320 of the feed network 32 to facilitate the inner conductor 352 of the coaxial cable 35 and the feed network 32 of the phase shifter 3
  • the feed port 320 is electrically connected.
  • the dielectric element 34 is disposed between the package wall 310 of the cavity 31 and the feed network 33, and linearly moves along the longitudinal direction of the cavity 31 by force, thereby changing the signal propagation of the phase shifter 3.
  • the rate which results in a change in the phase of the signal, creates a phase difference for the purpose of phase shifting.
  • the cavity phase shifter of the present invention further includes a dielectric drive element 37 coupled to the dielectric element 34, which may be implemented in the cavity by an external component such as a motor. The purpose of doing linear motion within 31.
  • the cavity type phase shifter of the present invention greatly reduces the processing difficulty of the phase shifter by dividing the phase shifter into two parts which are easy to process the cavity and the transmission line conversion device, and then connected by welding.
  • the cavity type phase shifter of the invention does not need screw fastening, can avoid the reliability problem caused by the screw failure and the hidden trouble of the intermodulation problem, so that the electrical characteristics and physical characteristics of the phase shifter are greatly optimized.
  • the cavity phase shifter of the invention has an optimistic application prospect as a basic component.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种腔体式移相器，包括一体成型的腔体、设于腔体内的馈电网络、设于馈电网络和腔体之间的介质元件及至少一个传输线转换装置；所述至少一个传输线转换装置与所述腔体焊接固连，用于腔体与传输线缆的外导体连接，并供传输线缆的内导体穿越至所述腔体的空腔内与所述馈电网络连接。通过所述介质元件受力沿腔体的纵长方向做直线运动，从而实现移相的目的。本发明通过将移相器分成一体成型的腔体和传输线转换装置两部分设计，从而降低了设计、加工的难度要求，并且由于本发明的移相器不需要通过螺钉等固定件连接，避免了由于螺钉失效所致的可靠性问题及互调问题的隐患。

Description

一种腔体式移相器 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信天线领域，特别涉及一种移相器。
 背景技术
在移动通信网络覆盖中，电调基站天线是覆盖网络的关键设备之一，而移相器又是电调基站天线的最核心部件，移相器性能的优劣直接决定了电调天线性能，进而影响到网络覆盖质量，故移相器在移动基站天线领域的重要性是不言而喻的。现有技术中，主要采用两种技术来实现，一是通过改变移相器内信号通过路径的电长度来实现；另一种是通过移动移相器内的介质，改变信号在移相器中的传播速率，由此可使流经移相器输出的信号形成连续的线性相位差，从而实现移相的目的。
在现有的移相器中，主要存在如下问题：
1、移相器腔体和传输线转换装置设计复杂，难以通过简单的压铸或拉挤工艺成型。
2、为了避免移相器电路出现谐振，移相器腔体采用较多螺钉紧固，容易导致生产效率的降低，同时，螺钉失效时容易引起无源互调产物。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种腔体式移相器，以克服现有技术的不足，从电气性能、物理特征、生产组装工艺等诸多方面对现有技术进行优化。
 技术解决方案
为实现该目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种腔体式移相器，包括腔体、馈电网络、介质元件及至少一个传输线转换装置；所述腔体具有多个封装壁和由多个封装壁限定的空腔，并且所述腔体沿纵长方向的两端至少一端不设有封装壁以预留开口端；所述馈电网络设于所述空腔内；所述介质元件设于所述封装壁和所述馈电网络之间，可受力沿腔体的纵长方向做直线运动；所述腔体沿纵长方向的其中一个端部或者所述腔体侧壁封装壁上靠近腔体端部的位置处设有安装部，用于安装所述传输线转换装置；所述至少一个传输线转换装置与所述封装壁连接，用于与传输线缆的外导体连接，并供传输线缆的内导体穿越至所述腔体的空腔内与所述馈电网络连接。
所述传输线转换装置包括至少一个用于与传输线缆外导体连接的传输线连接端和多个与所述传输线连接端连接的固定柱，所述安装部开设有用于将所述固定柱卡于其内的卡口。
所述传输线转换装置中的所述至少一个传输线连接端与所述多个固定柱一体成型。
所述传输线转换装置通过其固定柱被焊接在所述卡口中的方式固定在所述安装部处。其中，焊接方式为自动化焊接或半自动化焊接，以保证焊接的质量及一致性。
所述馈电网络为由金属导体根据移相电路的原理组成的电路，所述金属导体通过绝缘固定件固定于所述腔体内。
所述馈电网络为基于PCB板印刷而成的具有移相功能的电路，所述腔体一对相对沿纵长方向的封装壁内壁上设有卡槽，用于将所述PCB板卡于其内。
所述腔体式移相器还包括设于所述腔体的开口端并与所述介质元件连接的介质驱动元件，用于驱动所述介质元件沿腔体的纵长方向做直线运动。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具备如下优点：
1、本发明的腔体式移相器中，所述腔体和所述传输线转换装置分体设计成型后，通过自动化焊接或半自动化焊接的方式焊接组装，并且腔体通过拉挤或压铸等方式成型，因而本发明的腔体式移相器具有设计和加工简单的特点，大大降低了移相器的加工难度，利于批量生产。
2、本发明的腔体式移相器具有体积小、重量轻、成本低廉的特点。
3、本发明的腔体式移相器无需任何金属螺钉紧固，传输线转换装置与腔体通过焊接固定，可以避免由于螺钉失效可靠性问题，也可避免引入的互调产物。此外，传输线转换装置通过自动化或半自动化焊接的方式与腔体焊接在一起，有助于保证焊接的质量和一致性。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的一个实施例的腔体式移相器的立体图；
图2为图1所示的腔体式移相器的A—A向示意图；
图3为图1所示的腔体式移相器的传输线转换装置的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的另一个实施例的腔体式移相器的立体图；
图5为图4所示的腔体式移相器的A—A向示意图；
图6为图4所示的腔体式移相器的传输线转换装置的结构示意图；
图7本发明的又另一个实施例的腔体式移相器的立体图；
图8为图7所示的腔体式移相器的A—A向示意图；
图9为图7所示的腔体式移相器的传输线转换装置的结构示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和示例性实施例对本发明作进一步地描述，其中附图中相同的标号全部指的是相同的部件。此外，如果已知技术的详细描述对于示出本发明的特征是不必要的，则将其省略。
本发明所称的腔体式移相器，包括一体成型的腔体、馈电网络、多个传输线转换装置及介质元件，所述馈电网络置于所述腔体内，所述多个传输线转换装置均与所述腔体连接，所述介质元件设于所述腔体与所述馈电网络之间。为了更好地说明本发明的结构及原理，本发明还揭示了与所述腔体式移相器相组装的传输线缆。
所述腔体为由拉挤成型工艺或压铸成型工艺一体成型的腔体，其包括多个封装壁和由所述多个封装壁限定的、用于容置所述馈电网络及其他相关组件的空腔，并且所述腔体沿纵长方向的两端至少一端不设有封装壁以预留开口端。
本领域技术人员可以根据操作需要，将所述多个封装壁设为环绕腔体的纵长方向设置的四个封装壁，或者将所述多个封装壁设为包括围绕腔体的纵长方向设置的四个封装壁在内的五个封装壁，即腔体纵长方向的两个端面至少有一个端面未设封装壁以预留所述开口端，以便安装馈电网络、介质元件及对所述介质元件进行操作。
所述馈电网络可以为基于PCB之类的基板印制的具有移相电路功能的电路。所述腔体的一对相对的封装壁内壁上各设有卡槽，用于将所述馈电网络的基板卡于其内。所述馈电网络也可以为由金属导体根据移相电路功能组成的电路，所述金属导体由绝缘固定件固定于所述腔体的空腔内。
所述馈电网络具有输入端口和输出端口，简称“馈电端口”，所述多个馈电端口分别对应连接一条传输线缆的内导体。本发明中，为了方便馈电端口与传输线缆的内导体的连接，封装壁上与所述输入输出端口相对应的位置处开设有操作孔。所述操作孔的数目可以与馈电端口相等，也可以略少于所述馈电端口的数目，可由本领域技术人员根据需要灵活设置。
所述传输线转换装置均与所述封装壁连接，用于焊接传输线缆的外导体，并可供传输线缆的内导体穿越到腔体内与馈电网络的馈电端口连接。每个所述传输线转换装置均包括至少一个传输线连接端和若干个与所述传输线连接端连接的固定柱，所述传输线连接端用于实现传输线缆的外导体与封装壁连接、传输线缆的内导体穿过传输线连接端与馈电网络连接，传输线转换装置的所述固定柱用于将所述传输线转换装置固定于所述腔体上。由于每个馈电端口与一条传输线缆的内导体连接，因而所述传输线连接端的数目应当与该腔体式移相器的馈电端口的数目一致。
为了适应所述传输线转换装置安装到所述腔体上，所述腔体设有至少一个安装部，并且所述安装部设有用于将所述传输线转换装置的固定柱卡于其内的卡口，所述传输线转换装置通过其固定柱被焊接在所述卡口中的方式固定于于所述安装部处。所述至少一个安装部设于所述腔体端部和/或所述至少一个安装部设于腔体侧壁的封装壁上靠近腔体的端部的位置处。所谓腔体端部，指的是腔体沿纵长方向的两个端面中的至少一个端面，其与所述腔体侧壁是一对相对的概念。
所述安装部可由本领域技术人员根据布线的需要灵活设置。例如，当所述安装部设有一个时，所述安装部可设于腔体端部上，其也可以设于腔体侧壁的封装壁上靠近腔体端部的位置处。当所述安装部设有多个时，所述多个安装部可以分设于多个封装壁上，其也可以分设于同一个侧壁封装壁上靠近腔体两端的位置处。
所述介质元件为长条状，设于所述馈电网络与所述封装壁之间。所述介质元件通过受力沿腔体的纵长方向做直线运动，从而改变移相器中的信号传播速率，进而改变该信号的相位，形成相位差，达到移相的目的。
实施例一
如图1至图3所示，本发明的腔体式移相器1，包括腔体11、馈电网络12、介质元件13及一个传输线转换装置13。所述馈电网络12设于所述腔体11内，所述介质元件14设于所述馈电网络12与所述腔体11之间，所述传输线转换装置13设于所述腔体11的一端。
所述腔体11为腔体，采用拉挤或压铸工艺一体成型，其包括环绕腔体纵长方向的四个封装壁110和由所述四个封装壁110限定的空腔（未标号，下同）。该腔体11的两端不设封装壁110，其中一端为了方便传输电缆15的内导体152与馈电网络12进行电连接；另外一端用于安装所述介质元件14并方便操纵所述介质元件14沿腔体11的纵长方向做直线运动。
所述馈电网络12为由金属导体根据移相电路原理组成的电路，被绝缘固定件(未图示)固定于所述腔体11中。所述馈电网络12具有输入端口和输出端口各一个，馈电网络的所述输入端口和所述输出端口统称馈电端口，用于与外部元件连接，实现信号的转换传输。在其他实施例中，所述馈电网络12也可以是基于PCB板之类的基板(未图示)印刷而成的具有移相功能的电路，通过在所述腔体11内一对相对的封装壁上设有将所述基板(未图示)卡于其内的卡槽（未图示）固定于所述空腔内。
如前所述，为了实现本发明的馈电网络12与外部元件的连接，本实施方式的腔体式移相器1还包括一个传输线转换装置13。所述传输线转换装置13包括一对传输线连接端130和与该对传输线连接端130一体成型的三个固定柱131。所述传输线连接端130用于焊接传输线缆15的外导体151，并供传输线缆15的内导体152穿越至所述空腔内与馈电网络12连接。所述三个固定柱131用于将该传输线转换装置13安装到所述腔体11上。
基于本发明的传输线转换装置13的设置，适于采用同轴电缆15作为传输线缆15与腔体11和馈电网络12连接实现信号的转换传输。具体而言，传输线连接端口处，馈入信号的同轴电缆15的外导体151刚好与本发明的腔体式移相器1的传输线转换装置13的传输线连接端130相抵触焊接，而同轴电缆15的内导体152则与所述移相器1的馈电网络12的馈电端口相连接，同轴电缆15的外导体151与其内导体152之间的绝缘介质刚好将馈电网络12与腔体11的封装壁110相互绝缘。
为了适应传输线转换装置13在腔体11上的安装，所述腔体11上的一个端部设有一个用于安装传输线转换装置13的安装部（未标号）。所述安装部上（未标号）与固定柱131相应的位置处设有用于将传输线转换装置13的所述固定柱131卡于其内的卡口111。装配时，将传输线转换装置13的所述固定柱131卡合在腔体11的卡口111上，再通过焊接固定。进一步地，焊接方式优选采用自动化或半自动化焊接，以保证焊接的质量和一致性。
如前可知，所述介质元件14设于所述封装壁110与所述馈电网络12之间，并且所述介质元件14由腔体11内传输线转换装置13所在的一端向另一端延伸并延伸至所述腔体11外。为了得到较高的等效介电常数，所述介质元件14包括分别设于所述馈电网络12上方和下方的上层介质元件142和下层介质元件141，以使空腔内的空隙尽可能多地由所述介质元件14填充。另外，所述介质元件14所选用的材料的介电常数 ＞1.0 。其材料可以是一种或多种，除要求有高介电常数外，最好还要求具有低损耗正切角特性。
所述介质元件14通过受力沿腔体11的纵长方向做直线运动，从而改变移相器1的信号传播速率，由此导致该信号的相位的改变，形成相位差，达到移相的目的。
为了方便操纵介质元件14在腔体内做直线运动，所述腔体式移相器1还包括与所述介质元件14连接的介质驱动元件17，该介质驱动元件17设于所述腔体11上与安装部(未标号)相对的一端。为了保持上层介质元件142与下层介质元件141的同步移动，所述介质元件14还包括用于连接所述上层介质元件142和所述下层介质元件141的介质元件连接件143。
本领域的技术人员可以推导并将本实施例的一些结构用于其他实施方式中，例如，介质元件的材料、结构，馈电网络可以由金属导体根据已知电路原理组成的电路或基于PCB板之类的基板印制的已知的实现特定电路功能的电路、馈电网络在腔体内的固定方式等均可适用于本发明的各个实施例。因此，请注意，以下的个别实施方式中如果不对某个结构进行说明，并不意味着本发明的移相器不具备或不能具备该结构。此外，下述实施例的个别结构也可以适用于本实施例。即本发明的腔体式移相器应可以由本领域的技术人员灵活设置。
实施例二
如图4至图6所示，所述腔体式移相器2为合成移相器，为二个移相器上下并排的方式共用一个腔体21组成，可适用于单频双极化的移动通信天线应用领域。
腔体21采用拉挤或压铸方式一体成型，内部形成沿腔体21纵长方向贯通的上下两个空腔（未标号），所述空腔（未标号）用于安装馈电网络22、介质元件24及其他组件。
腔体21上开设有若干操作孔212，以方便传输电缆25的内导体与馈电网络22的馈电端口电连接。所述操作孔212的数量与馈电网络22的馈电端口数大致一致，即所述操作孔212的数量与馈电端口数相等或所述操作孔212略少于馈电端口数，可由本领域技术人员根据需要灵活设置。
腔体21的一端设有一个安装部（未标号，下同），所述传输线转换装置23设于所述安装部处。所述传输线转换装置23设有若干固定柱231，所述安装部设有用于将所述固定柱231卡于其内的卡口211，所述固定柱231的数量与卡口211数量一致。装配时，将传输线转换装置23的固定柱231卡合在腔体21上的卡口211上，再通过焊接固定。为了保证焊接的质量和一致性，焊接方式优选采用自动化焊接或者半自动化焊接。
本发明的腔体式移相器的每个空腔中均设有馈电网络22，并且所述馈电网络22通过绝缘固定件66固定于腔体21中。
依照本优选实施例对传输线转换装置23的设置，适于采用同轴电缆25与腔体21和馈电网络22连接，以实现信号的转换传输。具体而言，馈入信号的同轴电缆25的外导体刚好与本发明腔体式移相器2的传输线转换装置23的连接端口230相抵触连接，而同轴电缆25的内导体则与所述移相器2的馈电网络22的馈电端口相连接，同轴电缆25的外导体与其内导体之间的绝缘介质刚好将馈电网络22与腔体21相绝缘。
本发明的腔体式移相器的每个空腔中均在腔体21的封装壁210与所述馈电网络22之间设有介质元件24，并且所述介质元件24包括上层介质元件242和下层介质元件241，以使该移相器2获得较大的等效介电常数。
通过所述介质元件24受力沿腔体21的纵长方向做直线运动，从而改变移相器2的信号传播速率，由此导致该信号的相位的改变，形成相位差，达到移相的目的，而且，此一改变相位过程是线性渐变的。
为了使上层介质元件242和下层介质元件241同步移动，所述介质元件24还包括用于将所述上层介质元件242与下层介质元件241连接在一起的介质元件连接件243。
此外，为了方便对所述介质元件24的操作，本发明的腔体式移相器2还包括介质驱动元件27，并且该介质元件27还设有用于与电机等外部设备连接的附件272，使得本发明的介质元件24能受电机等外部设备驱动沿腔体21的纵长方向做直线运动。
本领域技术人员可以由本实施例推导知道，本发明的移相器可以在其腔体21中形成多个或上下并排，或左右并排的空腔，并且所述空腔中可以装设相同的馈电网络22，使该移相器适用于单频天线；所述空腔中也可以装设不同的馈电网络22，使该移相器2适用于多频天线。
实施例三
如图7至图9所示，本实施方式中，所述馈电网络32大致呈L型，其两端通过绝缘固定件（未图示，下同）固定于所述腔体31内。适应此一变化，所述腔体31的两端各设有一个安装部（未标号，下同），并且两个安装部分别设有一个传输线转换装置33。其中，一个安装部设于该移相器3的纵长方向的一端，另一个安装部设置于移相器3一个侧面靠近该移相器另一端的位置处，以使介质元件34滑动时能够不受绝缘固定件和同轴电缆35的阻碍。
所述传输线转换装置33上设有一个通孔332，并且该通孔332的孔径稍大于所述腔体31的轴向截面，以方便腔体31插接在所述通孔332中。优选地，所述腔体31插置在所述通孔332后，通过自动化或半自动化焊接的方式将二者固定连接。
所述传输线转换装置33还包括传输线连接端330，同轴电缆35的外导体与传输线转换装置33的传输线连接端330相连接，内导体352则与所述移相器3的馈电网络32的馈电端口320相连接，同轴电缆35的外导体与其内导体352之间的绝缘介质刚好将馈电网络32与移相器3的腔体31相绝缘，从而实现馈电的目的。
所述腔体31的封装壁310上对应于馈电网络32的馈电端口320处开设有操作孔312，以方便同轴电缆35的内导体352与所述移相器3的馈电网络32的馈电端口320电连接。
所述介质元件34设于所述腔体31的封装壁310与所述馈电网络33之间，通过受力沿腔体31的纵长方向做直线运动，从而改变移相器3的信号传播速率，由此导致该信号的相位的改变，形成相位差，达到移相的目的。
为了方便对所述介质元件34的操作，本发明的腔体式移相器还包括与所述介质元件34连接的介质驱动元件37，可以通过电机等外部元件来实现所述介质元件34在腔体31内做直线运动的目的。
综上所述，本发明的腔体式移相器，通过将移相器分成易于加工的腔体和传输线转换装置两个部件，再通过焊接相连，大大降低了移相器的加工难度。同时，本发明的腔体式移相器不需螺钉紧固，可以避免由于螺钉失效所致的可靠性问题及互调问题的隐患，使移相器的电气特性和物理特性均得以大大优化。本发明的腔体式移相器作为一基础元件，具有乐观的应用前景。
虽然上面已经示出了本发明的一些示例性实施例，但是本领域的技术人员将理解，在不脱离本发明的原理或精神的情况下，可以对这些示例性实施例做出改变，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。
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Claims (7)

  1. 一种腔体式移相器，其特征在于，包括一体成型的腔体、馈电网络、介质元件及至少一个传输线转换装置；
    所述腔体具有多个封装壁和由多个封装壁限定的空腔，并且所述腔体沿纵长方向的两端中至少一端不设有封装壁以预留开口端；
    所述馈电网络设于所述空腔内；
    所述介质元件设于所述封装壁和所述馈电网络之间，可受力沿腔体的纵长方向做直线运动；
    所述腔体沿纵长方向的其中一个端部或者所述腔体侧壁封装壁上靠近腔体端部的位置处设有安装部，用于安装所述传输线转换装置；
    所述至少一个传输线转换装置与所述封装壁连接，用于与传输线缆的外导体连接，并供传输线缆的内导体穿越至所述腔体的空腔内与所述馈电网络连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的腔体式移相器，其特征在于，每个所述传输线转换装置均包括至少一个用于与传输线缆外导体连接的传输线连接端和多个与所述传输线连接端连接的固定柱，所述安装部上开设有用于将所述固定柱卡于其内的卡口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的腔体式移相器，其特征在于，所述传输线转换装置中的所述至少一个传输线连接端与所述多个固定柱一体成型。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的腔体式移相器，其特征在于，所述传输线转换装置通过其固定柱被焊接在所述卡口中的方式安装在所述安装部处。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的腔体式移相器，其特征在于，所述馈电网络为由金属导体根据移相电路的原理组成的电路，所述金属导体通过绝缘固定件固定于所述腔体内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的腔体式移相器，其特征在于，所述馈电网络为基于PCB板印刷而成的具有移相功能的电路，所述腔体一对沿纵长方向的相对封装壁内壁上设有卡槽，用于将所述PCB板卡于其内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的腔体式移相器，其特征在于，所述腔体式移相器还包括设于所述腔体的开口端并与所述介质元件连接的介质驱动元件，用于驱动所述介质元件沿腔体的纵长方向做直线运动。
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