WO2015111236A1 - ガス絶縁電気機器 - Google Patents
ガス絶縁電気機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015111236A1 WO2015111236A1 PCT/JP2014/064699 JP2014064699W WO2015111236A1 WO 2015111236 A1 WO2015111236 A1 WO 2015111236A1 JP 2014064699 W JP2014064699 W JP 2014064699W WO 2015111236 A1 WO2015111236 A1 WO 2015111236A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- gas
- coating film
- metal foreign
- metal
- conductor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
- H02B13/045—Details of casing, e.g. gas tightness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G5/00—Installations of bus-bars
- H02G5/06—Totally-enclosed installations, e.g. in metal casings
- H02G5/063—Totally-enclosed installations, e.g. in metal casings filled with oil or gas
- H02G5/065—Particle traps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
- H02B13/055—Features relating to the gas
Definitions
- an electric device such as a high-voltage conductor, a switchgear, and a current transformer is accommodated in a sealed container, and an insulating gas is filled in the sealed container to insulate the constituent devices and the high-voltage conductor from the sealed container.
- the present invention relates to gas-insulated electrical equipment.
- the gas-insulated electrical equipment has a cylindrical high-voltage conductor in which a current flows coaxially inside a cylindrical ground tank.
- Sulfur hexafluoride gas, dry air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, CF as the main insulating medium 4 , CHI 3 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8, etc., or a mixed gas such as a combination of these gases is hermetically sealed and used as a high voltage device.
- sulfur hexafluoride gas has a dielectric strength approximately three times that of air, it is possible to reduce the distance between the high-pressure portion and the ground electrode and reduce the equipment.
- gas that is an insulation medium is usually used after being pressurized to atmospheric pressure or higher. Therefore, in order to hermetically seal the gas and keep the insulation distance uniform, a structure is adopted in which the cylindrical high-voltage conductor is coaxial with the cylindrical tank serving as the sealed container described above.
- the metal foreign object starts to float and moves to approach the high voltage conductor or to come into contact with the high voltage conductor.
- the high voltage conductor is negatively charged, it stays while acting near the conductor.
- the electric field in the vicinity of the high-voltage conductor has the highest electric field, so the metal foreign object becomes very unequal and the electric field in the vicinity of the metal foreign object becomes high, and there is a risk of a ground fault if an overvoltage such as a lightning surge enters in this state There is.
- a tank inner surface structure that keeps the mixed metal foreign matter on the bottom surface of the tank as much as possible and suppresses floating is effective.
- a method of improving the withstand voltage performance against foreign objects by providing an insulating material having a thickness of 0.2 mm or more on the inner surface of the tank wall (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a nonlinear resistance film is formed on the inner surface of the tank to suppress the charge amount of foreign matter and suppress flying (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- an insulating material is provided on the inner surface of a metal tank as a foreign object structure.
- this insulating material it is possible to avoid direct charge supply as compared with the case without an insulating coating structure, so that the levitating electric field can be raised against the foreign matter that is flattened by suppressing charging.
- the minute gap formed at the contact part between the foreign material and the insulating material becomes a very high electric field, and partial discharge occurs, and the Coulomb force acts on the metal foreign material due to charging by the discharge and starts to float. there were.
- a nonlinear resistance film whose resistivity changes depending on the electric field is formed on the tank surface.
- the non-linear resistance film has a feature against foreign matter that is a structure that can relieve the electric field of a minute gap, which is a higher electric field than the above-mentioned insulating coating film, and suppresses charging to the foreign matter and raises the floating electric field more than the insulating coating. It is done.
- the characteristic of the non-linear resistance depends on the electric field, and the effect can be exerted by having an appropriate distribution characteristic in the resistance distribution that reduces the resistivity by the electric field more than the electric field at the time of normal operation in the absence of foreign matter.
- the electric field that acts on the tank bottom surface of the gas-insulated electric device varies depending on the portion in the gas-insulated electric device.
- the electric field relaxation effect of the nonlinear resistance film can be exhibited at a certain part, the electric field relaxation effect is not exhibited when applied to a part where a different electric field acts or a device of a different voltage class was there.
- the insulating material of Patent Document 1 and the nonlinear resistance film of Patent Document 2 formed in the tank are made of a material that is more easily negatively charged than metal.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
- the gas-insulated electrical device is a direct current device and the conductor is negatively charged, the metallic foreign matter floats in the sealed container.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gas-insulated electric apparatus that can suppress and prevent the approach of a metal foreign object to a conductor.
- a gas-insulated electrical apparatus includes a conductor to which a high voltage is applied, a metal sealed container that contains the conductor and is filled with an insulating gas, and a coating film that covers the inner surface of the sealed container
- the coating film is formed of a material that charges the positive electrode rather than the metal in the charging train.
- the metal foreign matter generated in the device is formed on the bottom surface of the sealed container by forming the coating film with a material that becomes positively charged when contacting the metal on the inner surface of the sealed container.
- positive charge is caused on the coating film side, and negative charge is caused on the metal foreign matter, and when the negative direct current is applied to the high voltage conductor, the floating of the metal foreign matter is suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view along the axial direction showing a gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the metal foreign object 6 on the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 in FIG. It is.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a charge train showing the ease of charging various materials.
- a gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1 includes a cylindrical metal ground tank 2 that is a sealed container and a pressure container filled with an insulating gas, and the center of the ground tank (sealed container) 2.
- a high-voltage conductor (conductor) 3 disposed on the axis and electrically connected to a component device such as a circuit breaker (not shown) or a disconnector, and an insulation that is a solid insulator that supports the high-voltage conductor 3
- a spacer 4 is provided on the inner surface of the ground tank 2, an insulating coating film 5 that is more easily charged to the positive electrode than the metal is formed. An insulating gas layer exists between the high voltage conductor 3 and the coating film 5.
- the above-described insulating coating film 5 is a dielectric film formed of a positively charged resin that causes positive electrode charging when it comes into contact with a metal material.
- a positively charged resin rayon, nylon, or polymethyl methacrylate is used as the material for the coating film 5.
- rayon and polymethyl methacrylate are in a position corresponding to fur and are easily charged positively.
- There are several methods for forming the coating film 5 from the positively charged resin For example, when the coating film 5 is obtained from a synthetic resin, there is a method of forming the coating film 5 by forming a thin sheet from the synthetic resin and then sticking it along the inner surface of the ground tank 2. Further, there is a method of forming a coating film 5 by attaching a fabric made by weaving a fibrous synthetic resin along the inner surface of the ground tank 2.
- the coating film 5 is molded in accordance with the shape of the inner surface of the ground tank 2 by applying heat above a certain temperature and using the resin in the form of a gel. There is also a way to do it.
- the coating film 5 is formed on the ground tank 2 made of metal, the allowable temperature is higher than when the coating film is formed on the insulating spacer 4 that is a resin.
- the coating film 5 can be formed.
- powder particles having a particle size of several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m are mixed with a liquid binder resin, and a thin film is formed by spray coating, brush coating, baking coating, immersion coating, or the like.
- the positively chargeable material that can be applied to the gas-insulated electrical equipment 1 is an insulator, does not generate decomposition gas, has little deterioration over time during performance, and is in a thermal environment of around 100 degrees. The condition is that performance does not decrease.
- the metal foreign matter 6 Immediately after the metal foreign matter 6 is generated, it falls to the bottom surface in the ground tank 2 by gravity and becomes flat.
- the metal constituting the ground tank 2 directly contacts the metal foreign object 6.
- the phenomenon of electrostatic induction acts on the metal foreign object 6 and charges are supplied from the ground tank 2 to the metal foreign object 6 so that the metal foreign object 6 is charged.
- the insulating coating film 5 is formed on the inner surface of the ground tank 2, as shown in FIG. 2, ions generated by discharge due to a small gap near the contact portion between the metal foreign matter 6 and the coating film 5 are formed.
- the metal foreign object 6 Since the charged metallic foreign material 6 generates an electric field between the high-voltage conductor 3 and the ground tank 2 in the ground tank 2 to which the power is applied, it is affected by the Coulomb force according to the charge amount, Standing up from this state, it rises toward the high-voltage conductor 3. Thereafter, the high voltage conductor 3 is approached and brought into contact.
- the phenomenon that the metal foreign object 6 starts to leap and reaches the high voltage conductor 3 occurs when the electric field on the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 exceeds the levitating electric field, and when the voltage applied to the high voltage conductor 3 is positive,
- the case where the metal foreign object 6 is negatively charged and the voltage applied to the high voltage conductor 3 is negative is a phenomenon that occurs when the metal foreign object 6 is positively charged.
- the state in which the metal foreign matter 6 stays in the vicinity of the high voltage conductor 3 is maintained.
- the shape of the metal foreign object 6 is various, but in the case of a needle-shaped foreign object that is most dangerous in insulation, the needle-shaped foreign object stays in the radial direction along the direction of the electric field. Then, it becomes a high electric field and generates a partial discharge. If an overvoltage such as a lightning surge enters in such a state, a ground fault may occur.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the metal foreign object 6 in contact with the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 of the gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment receives and receives charges.
- the metal foreign object 6 that has fallen to the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 and is flattened is made of a metal material of a constituent member of the gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1.
- the coating film 5 is formed on the inner surface of the ground tank 2 by the positively charged resin that is more positively charged than the metal shown in the charging train of FIG. 3, the metal foreign matter 6 contacts the coating film 5 as shown in FIG. As a result, a negative charge is transferred and the negative electrode is charged. At the same time, the coating film 5 is in contact with the metal foreign object 6 to give and receive a positive charge, and is in a positively charged state.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a cross-section of the main part of the gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1, in which the metal foreign object 6 that contacts the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 is negatively charged and the high-voltage conductor 3 is negatively charged. It is sectional drawing which shows a state typically. As shown in FIG. 5, when negative polarity is applied to the high voltage conductor 3, the negatively charged metallic foreign material 6 has a Coulomb force in a direction away from the high voltage conductor 3 and does not float from the bottom surface of the ground tank 2. It becomes a state.
- the metal foreign material 6 is originally charged to a negative polarity, so that the metal foreign material 6 may be charged to the positive electrode.
- the charge amount is smaller than that of the conventional structure. Therefore, if the metallic foreign material 6 is levitated, the condition is that it is necessary to increase the electric field formed by the applied voltage.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the above phenomenon is experimentally verified.
- a coating film 5 is formed of an epoxy resin that is negatively charged and a polymethyl methacrylate resin that is positively charged, and a negative electrode is applied to the high-voltage conductor 3.
- the result of acquiring the floating electric field is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the levitation electric field, and the case where the coating film 5 is not formed is normalized as 1.
- the epoxy resin to be compared is close to natural rubber in the charge train of FIG. 3, and the polymethyl methacrylate resin corresponds to fur in the charge train as described above.
- Polymethacrylic acid methyl resin is a substance that is more easily positively charged than epoxy resin. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the floating electric field is clearly improved when the coating film 5 is formed of the positive electrode charging resin.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the film thickness dependence of the coating film 5 of the electric field (levitation electric field) necessary for the floating of the metal foreign object 6.
- the floating electric field when the film thickness of the coating film 5 is 600 ⁇ m is normalized as 1. From FIG. 7, it can be seen that as the film thickness of the coating film 5 increases, the electric field necessary for the floating of the foreign matter decreases. This can be explained by the following phenomenon.
- the force that directs the metal foreign object 6 toward the high-voltage conductor 3 is a Coulomb force due to the electric field generated by the applied voltage, but the ground metal tank 6 is opposite to the direction in which the metal foreign object 6 floats by the image force. The force attracted to the force also acts.
- the image force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the metal foreign object 6 and the ground electrode (ground tank 2), the image force acting on the metal foreign object 6 decreases as the coating film 5 becomes thicker. For this reason, if the charge amount due to the discharge is constant, the metal foreign matter 6 will float even if the electric field generated by the applied voltage is small. As shown in FIG. 7, since the electric field necessary for flying is remarkably increased with a film thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less, it can be seen that the film thickness of the coating film 5 is desirably 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal foreign matter 6 in contact with the positive electrode charging resin is negatively charged and is kept away from the high voltage conductor 3 as the negative electrode. Since the Coulomb force acts in the direction, the floating of the metal foreign object 6 from the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 is suppressed, the floating electric field is improved, and the metal foreign object 6 can also be prevented from approaching the high-voltage conductor 3, and the gas is highly reliable.
- the insulated electrical apparatus 1 can be obtained.
- Embodiment 2 In the structure of the gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1, there is provided a mechanism in which metals such as a cutoff part and a disconnection part of the high voltage conductor 3 are in contact with each other. The fine particles generated by physical contact between these metals become the metal foreign matter 6. Although the absolute amount is small, since metal such as copper and silver is used for the contact portion of the high voltage conductor 3, the metal foreign matter 6 includes materials such as copper and silver. In the ground tank 2, the ground tanks 2 are fastened with bolts, and metal pieces such as burrs remaining on the bolt surface and the bolt through holes are considered to be the metal foreign matter 6. The metal foreign matter 6 generated from the bolt for fastening the ground tank 2 is mainly made of iron.
- the coating film 5 is formed of a material that is more positively charged than the metal material used in the section where the metal foreign matter 6 is physically generated (the structure surrounded by the insulating spacer 4 in FIG. 1).
- the coating film 5 is formed of a material that is more positively charged than the metal material used in the section where the metal foreign matter 6 is physically generated (the structure surrounded by the insulating spacer 4 in FIG. 1).
- Coulomb force acts in a direction away from the high-voltage conductor 3 that is the negative electrode.
- the floating of the foreign matter 6 is suppressed. Therefore, the levitating voltage of the metal foreign object 6 is improved, and the highly reliable gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1 can be obtained.
- Embodiment 3 FIG.
- the metal foreign matter 6 generated in the sealed space defined by the two insulating spacers 4 is a metal material such as copper, silver, or iron
- a case will be described in which aluminum that is more easily positively charged in the charging train and lighter in specific gravity than the metal material shown in the second embodiment becomes the metal foreign material 6.
- the material of the metal foreign material 6 differs depending on the location where it is generated.
- the material is mainly aluminum.
- aluminum is more negatively charged than other metals such as copper, silver, and iron.
- the metal foreign object 6 is aluminum
- the metal foreign object 6 is always negatively charged when it comes into contact with the coating film 5, and a Coulomb force acts in a direction away from the high-voltage conductor 3 that is the negative electrode. Therefore, the floating of the metal foreign object 6 from the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 is suppressed. Therefore, when the metallic foreign material 6 is made of aluminum, the levitation voltage is improved, and a highly reliable gas-insulated electrical apparatus 1 can be obtained.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- charge transfer into the ground tank 2 occurs due to electrostatic induction from the bottom surface of the ground tank 2.
- charges opposite to those of the high-voltage conductor 3 are transferred, so that when the high-voltage conductor 3 is negative, a positive charge is transferred to the metal foreign object 6.
- the coating film 5 is provided, if the volume resistivity of the insulating material is not appropriate, electrostatic induction cannot be suppressed, the metal foreign object 6 is charged, and the metal foreign object 6 rises.
- the coating film 5 is formed in the ground tank 2, but there is no mention of leakage current suppression through the coating film 5. . Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, paying attention to the volume resistivity indicating the insulation characteristics of the coating film 5, the volume resistivity of the insulating material constituting the coating film 5 is determined as the leakage current from the bottom surface of the ground tank 2. Was set to a value that can be suppressed to a small value. By optimizing the volume resistivity of the coating film 5 so that the leakage current flowing through the coating film 5 can be suppressed to be small, charge transfer occurring in the metal foreign object 6 in the ground tank 2 is suppressed, and the metal foreign object is suppressed. 6 can be prevented from being charged.
- the insulating material constituting the coating film 5 a material having a volume resistivity of 10 8 ⁇ m or more, which is the definition of an insulator, may be selected, but a material having a volume resistivity of 10 10 ⁇ m or more is further selected. It is recommended to select.
- a material having a volume resistivity of 10 10 ⁇ m or more is further selected. It is recommended to select.
- Embodiment 5 the coating on the inner surface of the ground tank 2 has been described, but the effects when applied to the high voltage conductor 3 in the structure described in the first embodiment will be described below.
- the metal foreign matter 6 may float from the bottom surface of the ground tank 2 due to mechanical vibration and float toward the high-voltage conductor 3 even if the floating restraint effect is exhibited by the structure on the ground tank 2 side.
- the metal foreign object 6 directed to the high voltage conductor 3 is not subjected to any treatment on the high voltage conductor 3, as described above, the length of the metal foreign object 6 is perpendicular to the high voltage conductor 3 in the vicinity of the high voltage conductor 3.
- the tip of the metal foreign object 6 becomes a very high electric field due to the behavior of staying while moving in the direction, and the insulation performance is deteriorated as compared with the case where the metal foreign object 6 is not present.
- an insulating coating that easily causes contact charging to metal on the high-voltage conductor 3.
- the metal foreign matter 6 in contact with the high voltage conductor 3 is exchanged with the coating layer 7, and an image force attracted to the high voltage conductor 3 side acts on the metal foreign matter 6.
- the metal foreign matter 6 is adsorbed on the coating layer 7 and flattened.
- the tip electric field of the metal foreign object 6 is lower than the state where the metal foreign object 6 moves near the high voltage conductor 3 when nothing is formed on the high voltage conductor 3. Voltage performance is improved.
- the coating layer 7 formed on the high-voltage conductor 3 may be any material that can be charged by contact with the metal foreign object 6, that is, on the negative side and the positive side of the metal foreign object 6 in terms of the charge train.
- the high voltage conductor 3 is negatively charged
- the coating layer 7 is on the negative side
- the metal foreign matter 6 is positively charged, and an electrostatic force is generated in addition to the image force with the high voltage conductor 3.
- the adsorption power increases, and it becomes easy to flatten.
- the covering layer 7 is on the positive side, the generated electrostatic force becomes a repulsive force, so that the metal foreign matter 6 falls from the high voltage conductor 3 without being adsorbed on the covering layer 7.
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- Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、非線形抵抗膜をタンク内側表面に形成して、異物の帯電量を抑え、浮上を抑制する方法がある(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
しかし、ガス絶縁電気機器のタンク底面に作用する電界は、ガス絶縁電気機器内の部位によって異なる。一意的な抵抗分布で形成すると、ある部位では非線形抵抗膜の電界緩和効果が発揮できても、異なる電界が作用する部位や、異なる電圧階級の機器に適用した場合、電界緩和効果が発揮されない場合があった。
なお、タンク内に形成される特許文献1の絶縁材、特許文献2の非線形抵抗膜は、金属よりも負に帯電しやすい材質のものが用いられていた。
この発明の上記以外の目的、特徴、観点及び効果は、図面を参照する以下のこの発明の詳細な説明から、さらに明らかになるであろう。
以下、この発明の実施の形態1におけるガス絶縁電気機器について図1から図7を参照して説明する。各図において、同一、または相当部材、部位については同一符号を付して説明する。その中で、図1はこの発明の実施の形態1に係わるガス絶縁電気機器1を示す軸方向に沿った側断面図である。図2(a)は、ガス絶縁電気機器1の軸方向に垂直な断面図を示しており、図2(b)は、図2(a)の接地タンク2底面の金属異物6の拡大断面図である。また、図3は、様々な材料の帯電しやすさを示した帯電列を示した図である。
本発明の実施の形態1によるガス絶縁電気機器1は、絶縁性ガスを封入した密閉容器であり圧力容器である円筒形状の金属製の接地タンク2と、この接地タンク(密閉容器)2の中心軸線上に配置され、遮断器(図示せず)、断路器等の構成機器と電気的に接続された高電圧導体(導体)3と、この高電圧導体3を支持する固体絶縁物である絶縁スペーサ4を備えている。接地タンク2の内側面上には金属よりも正極に帯電しやすい絶縁性の被覆膜5が形成されている。高電圧導体3と被覆膜5の間に絶縁性ガス層が存在する。
この正極帯電樹脂による被覆膜5の形成には幾つか方法がある。例えば、合成樹脂によって被覆膜5を得る場合、合成樹脂から薄膜状のシートを形成後、接地タンク2内面に沿って貼り付けて被覆膜5を形成する方法がある。
また、繊維状の合成樹脂を織り込んで織物としたものを、接地タンク2の内面に沿って貼り付けて被覆膜5を形成する方法などがある。
また、被覆膜5の別の形成方法として、数μm~数10μmの粒径を持った粉体粒子を液状バインダ樹脂と混ぜあわせ、吹き付け塗装、はけ塗り、焼付け塗装、浸漬塗装などで薄膜を形成後硬化させる方法がある。ただし、この場合は、被覆膜5の構成材として正極帯電樹脂と異なる材料を混合させるため、体積割合で正極帯電樹脂が他の混合物よりも多くの割合とする必要がある。
またガス絶縁電気機器1に適用できる正に帯電しやすい材料は、絶縁物であること、分解ガスを生成しないこと、運転時間中に性能に対する経年劣化が小さいこと、100度前後の熱環境下で性能が落ちないことが条件として挙げられる。
なお、金属異物6が浮上をはじめ、高電圧導体3まで到達する現象は、接地タンク2底面の電界が浮上電界を超えた場合に生じ、高電圧導体3の課電が正である場合は、金属異物6が負帯電、高電圧導体3の課電が負である場合は、金属異物6が正帯電したときに起こる現象である。
金属異物6の形状は様々であるが、もっとも絶縁上危険な針状異物の場合は、針状異物の長尺向きが電界の向きに沿う径方向に向いて滞留するため、金属異物6の先端では高電界となって部分放電を発生する。このような状態で雷サージなどの過電圧が侵入すると地絡に至る場合がある。
一方、高電圧導体3に正極性が課電されている正極課電の場合は、負極性課電のように金属異物6が高電圧導体3にとどまることはなく、接地タンク2の容器内で運動したり、高電圧導体3と接地タンク2間で浮遊したりするため、負極性課電に比べて絶縁地絡に至る危険は小さい。
図4は、実施の形態1のガス絶縁電気機器1の接地タンク2底面に接触した金属異物6が電荷の授受を受ける様子を示した断面図である。本実施の形態1では、接地タンク2の容器底面に落ちて平伏状態となっている金属異物6は、ガス絶縁電気機器1の構成部材の金属材料で構成される。そのため、図3の帯電列で示す、金属よりも正帯電しやすい正極帯電樹脂によって、被覆膜5を接地タンク2内面に形成すると、図4のように金属異物6は被覆膜5に接触することで負の電荷を授受し、負極帯電の状態となる。同時に、被覆膜5は金属異物6に接触することで正の電荷を授受し、正極帯電の状態となる。
図5に示すように負極性が高電圧導体3に課電される場合、負帯電している金属異物6には高電圧導体3から遠ざかる方向のクーロン力が働き、接地タンク2底面から浮上しない状態となる。また仮に金属異物6と被覆膜5が接触している近傍で部分放電が起こったとしても、もともと金属異物6が負極性に帯電しているために、金属異物6が正極に帯電する可能性や帯電量は従来の構造に比べて小さくなる。そのため、金属異物6を浮上させるとすれば、その条件としては、課電によって形成される電界を大きくする必要がある。
ここで、比較対象となっているエポキシ樹脂は、図3の帯電列においては、天然ゴムに近く、ポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂は、上述したように同帯電列において、毛皮に相当している。エポキシ樹脂よりもポリメタクリチル酸メチル樹脂の方が正に帯電しやすい物質である。図6により、正極帯電樹脂で被覆膜5を形成すると明らかに浮上電界が向上することが分かる。
ガス絶縁電気機器1の構造の中に、高電圧導体3の遮断部、断路部のような金属同士が接触する機構を備えている。それらの金属同士の物理的な接触により発生した微粒子が金属異物6となる。また絶対量は少ないが、銅、銀などが高電圧導体3の接触部に使用されるため、金属異物6には、銅、銀などの材質が含まれる。また、接地タンク2では、接地タンク2同士をボルトで締結しており、ボルト表面とボルトの通し穴に残っていたバリなどの金属片が金属異物6となると考えられる。接地タンク2を締結するボルトから生じた金属異物6は、鉄が主の材質となる。
上述の実施の形態2では、二つの絶縁スペーサ4で区切られた密閉空間に生じる金属異物6が、銅、銀、鉄などの金属材料である場合について説明した。この実施の形態3では、実施の形態2で示した金属材料よりもさらに帯電列で正帯電しやすく、比重の軽いアルミニウムが金属異物6となる場合について説明する。上述したように、金属異物6は発生する箇所によって、その材質が異なったものとなるが、高電圧導体3から発生した金属異物6の場合は、その材質はアルミニウムが主となる。
図3の帯電列表に示したように、他の金属である銅、銀、鉄よりもアルミニウムの方が負に帯電しやすい。そのため、金属異物6がアルミニウムである場合は、その金属異物6は被覆膜5と接触すれば必ず負帯電となり、負極である高電圧導体3から遠ざけられる方向にクーロン力が働く。よって、接地タンク2の底面からの金属異物6の浮上が抑制される。従って、金属異物6がアルミニウムよりなる場合、浮上電圧が向上し、信頼性の高いガス絶縁電気機器1を得ることができる。
実施の形態1で記述したように被覆膜5を備えない場合、接地タンク2底面からの静電誘導によって、接地タンク2内への電荷授受が起こる。直流課電の場合、高電圧導体3と逆の電荷が授受されるため、高電圧導体3が負極性の場合は、金属異物6に正電荷が授受される。そして、被覆膜5を備えていても、その絶縁材料の体積抵抗率が適正でない場合は、静電誘導を抑制できず、金属異物6への帯電が起こり、金属異物6は浮上する。
本発明では、上述の実施の形態1から3において、接地タンク2内に被覆膜5を形成することを示したが、被覆膜5を介しての漏れ電流抑制については言及していなかった。そこで、この実施の形態4では、その被覆膜5の絶縁特性を示す体積抵抗率に着目し、被覆膜5を構成する絶縁材料の体積抵抗率を、接地タンク2の底面からの漏れ電流を小さく抑制できる値とした。被覆膜5の体積抵抗率を、被覆膜5を介して流れる漏れ電流を小さく抑制できるように適正化することによって、接地タンク2内の金属異物6に生じる電荷授受を抑制し、金属異物6への帯電を抑制することが可能となる。
実施の形態1から4までは接地タンク2内面に対しての塗装について述べてきたが、実施の形態1で述べた構成物において高電圧導体3に対して適用した場合の効果を以下に述べる。直流課電の場合、接地タンク2側の構造によって浮上抑制効果が発揮されていても、機械的振動により金属異物6が接地タンク2底面から浮きあがり、高電圧導体3に向かって浮上する可能性はある。高電圧導体3に向かった金属異物6は、高電圧導体3に何も処置をしていなければ上述したように高電圧導体3の近傍で、金属異物6の長手が高電圧導体3に垂直な向きで運動しながら滞留するような振る舞いをして、金属異物6の先端が非常に高電界となり、金属異物6が無い場合と比較して絶縁上性能が低下する危険性がある。
Claims (7)
- 高電圧が印加される導体、上記導体を内蔵し、内部に絶縁性ガスが充填される金属製の密閉容器、上記密閉容器の内面を被覆する被覆膜、上記導体と上記被覆膜との間に配置された上記絶縁性ガスよりなる絶縁性ガス層を備え、上記被覆膜は、帯電列で金属よりも正極に帯電する材料で形成されたことを特徴とするガス絶縁電気機器。
- 上記被覆膜は、上記密閉容器内の金属異物に接触することで正極帯電し、上記金属異物は、上記被覆膜に接触することで負極帯電することを特徴とする請求項1記載のガス絶縁電気機器。
- 上記導体が負極課電である場合に、上記被覆膜に接触した上記密閉容器内の金属異物に、上記導体から遠ざかる方向にクーロン力が働くことを特徴とする請求項2記載のガス絶縁電気機器。
- 上記被覆膜は、上記金属のうち、上記密閉容器を構成する金属よりも帯電列で正極に帯電する材料で形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項記載のガス絶縁電気機器。
- 上記被覆膜は、アルミニウムよりも帯電列で正極に帯電する材料で形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項記載のガス絶縁電気機器。
- 上記被覆膜を構成する絶縁材料は、上記密閉容器の底面からの漏れ電流によって上記密閉容器内の金属異物に生じる電荷授受を抑制する体積抵抗率を持つことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項記載のガス絶縁電気機器。
- 上記導体を被覆する絶縁性の被覆層を備え、上記密閉容器内の金属異物が上記被覆層に接触することで接触帯電を起こすことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項記載のガス絶縁電気機器。
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