WO2015064581A1 - 複層フィルム、光学異方性積層体、円偏光板、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置、及び製造方法 - Google Patents
複層フィルム、光学異方性積層体、円偏光板、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置、及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015064581A1 WO2015064581A1 PCT/JP2014/078646 JP2014078646W WO2015064581A1 WO 2015064581 A1 WO2015064581 A1 WO 2015064581A1 JP 2014078646 W JP2014078646 W JP 2014078646W WO 2015064581 A1 WO2015064581 A1 WO 2015064581A1
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B23/08—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/20—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising esters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/206—Organic displays, e.g. OLED
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer film having an optically anisotropic layer and an optically anisotropic laminate.
- the present invention also relates to a circularly polarizing plate having the optically anisotropic layer, an organic electroluminescence display device, and a manufacturing method.
- the retardation film is widely used as a component of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device and an organic electroluminescence (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “organic EL”) display device.
- the retardation plate used in the display device displays a desired phase difference such as ⁇ / 4, ⁇ / 2, etc. uniformly in all wavelength regions for display (usually the visible region). In some cases, it is required to exhibit the effect in all the wavelength regions.
- Such a retardation plate is continuously manufactured in a production line as a long film having a desired width, and is adapted to a rectangular display surface of a display device from such a long retardation plate. If a rectangular retardation plate having the shape described above can be cut out, efficient production becomes possible. Furthermore, if it is possible to cut out the long retardation plate so that the sides of the rectangular retardation plate correspond to the direction close to the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction and the width direction, it is more efficient. Manufacturing becomes possible.
- a retardation plate having a slow axis at a predetermined angle such as 15 °, 45 °, or 75 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate used together may be required.
- the retardation plate is required to have a slow axis at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. It is done.
- the polarization axis of the polarizing plate has a transmission axis in a direction parallel to either the vertical or horizontal side of the rectangular display surface of the display device.
- a film whose transmission axis is parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, particularly perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, can be produced particularly easily. Therefore, if a long retardation plate having a slow axis at a predetermined angle such as 15 °, 45 °, or 75 ° with respect to the width direction can be manufactured, the display device can be used. This is very advantageous in the production of a retardation plate.
- a method for obtaining a retardation plate there is known a method in which a compound capable of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is formed into a solid film while exhibiting a liquid crystal phase.
- a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable property and exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is applied to the surface of an appropriate substrate to form a layer, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer
- a method of forming a film having optical anisotropy by maintaining the oriented state and polymerizing is provided.
- a retardation plate in which the retardation is uniformly expressed in the plane, and it is uniform in the visible light wavelength region by appropriately selecting a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. It is possible to obtain a phase difference plate that generates a large phase difference (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a method for aligning such a compound capable of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase a composition containing a compound capable of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is applied on the surface of the base material, and a composition containing a compound capable of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is applied to the surface. It is common practice to place in conditions.
- Examples of methods for imparting alignment regulating force to the surface of the substrate include a rubbing method (for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4) and a photo alignment method (for example, Patent Documents 5 to 6). Also known is a method of aligning a liquid crystal compound on a film by using a film subjected to stretching treatment as a substrate (for example, Patent Documents 7 to 9).
- the object of the present invention can be used as a material for a retardation plate such as a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate, etc., and the retardation can be expressed uniformly in the surface, and can be efficiently manufactured.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer film including an optically anisotropic layer, an optically anisotropic laminate, and a method for producing the same, with few defects due to generation of foreign matter.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarizing plate and an organic electroluminescence display device that can be efficiently manufactured and have few defects due to the generation of foreign matter.
- the present inventor has conceived that a substrate having a slow axis in a direction different from the longitudinal direction is used. And when the optically anisotropic layer containing the cured liquid crystal molecule which has alignment regularity was directly formed on such a base material, it discovered that the said subject could be solved and completed this invention. That is, according to the present invention, the following is provided.
- an elongated first base material A multilayer film comprising an optically anisotropic layer comprising cured liquid crystal molecules formed directly on the first substrate, The first substrate has an orientation regulating force generated by stretching, A multilayer film in which a slow axis of the first substrate and a longitudinal direction of the first substrate are different.
- an angle formed between the slow axis of the first substrate and the longitudinal direction of the first substrate is 10 ° to 90 °.
- an angle formed by the slow axis of the first substrate and the longitudinal direction of the first substrate is 40 ° to 50 °.
- the first base material is a resin film containing an alicyclic structure-containing polymer or a cellulose ester film.
- the first base material is a stretched film that has been stretched transversely or obliquely.
- the optically anisotropic layer has reverse wavelength dispersion.
- the cured liquid crystal molecules of the optically anisotropic layer have homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the first substrate. The multilayer film of any one of these.
- a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is applied onto the first substrate to form a layer of the liquid crystal composition,
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer is homogeneously aligned along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the first substrate,
- the optically anisotropic layer is peeled from the multilayer film according to any one of [1] to [13], An optically anisotropic laminate obtained by bonding the optically anisotropic layer to a long second substrate.
- An organic electroluminescence display device comprising the circularly polarizing plate according to [15].
- a method for producing a multilayer film according to any one of [1] to [13], A step of feeding a long first base material in a longitudinal direction, wherein the first base material has an orientation regulating force generated by stretching, and a slow axis of the first base material, The longitudinal direction of the first substrate is different, step (I), Step (II) of applying a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound directly on the surface of the first substrate that has been fed out to obtain a liquid crystal composition layer, A production method comprising a step (III) of orienting the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer of the liquid crystal composition, and a step (IV) of polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to form cured liquid crystal molecules. [18] The method for producing a multilayer film according to [17], wherein the application direction of the liquid crystal composition is different from the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the cured liquid crystal molecule is a resin film having homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the substrate.
- Formation of the resin film on the substrate A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is applied onto the substrate to form a liquid crystal composition layer, The polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer is homogeneously oriented along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the substrate, A resin film comprising polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to form the cured liquid crystal molecules.
- a circularly polarizing plate comprising the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate according to [24] or [25].
- An organic electroluminescence display device comprising the circularly polarizing plate according to [26].
- a method for producing a resin film containing cured liquid crystal molecules A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is applied on a substrate to form a layer of the liquid crystal composition, The polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer is homogeneously oriented along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the substrate, Polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to form the cured liquid crystal molecules,
- the base material is a long base material, and has a slow axis in a direction different from the width direction;
- the manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the cured liquid crystal molecules have homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the substrate.
- the multilayer film and the optically anisotropic laminate of the present invention can be used as a material for a retardation plate such as a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate or a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate, and the retardation is uniformly expressed in the plane.
- a retardation plate such as a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate or a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate
- An optically anisotropic layer that can be efficiently manufactured and has few defects due to the generation of foreign matters can be supplied.
- the multilayer film of the said this invention can be manufactured efficiently.
- an inverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound as a material of cured liquid crystal molecules, and forming an optically anisotropic layer having reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics, the efficiency of production by oblique stretching, the slow axis direction It is possible to provide an optical material having a high level of flexibility in setting, uniformity of in-plane characteristics, few defects due to foreign matter, and usefulness due to reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- the circularly polarizing plate and the organic electroluminescence display device of the present invention can be made into a circularly polarizing plate and an organic electroluminescence display device that have uniform characteristics, can be efficiently produced, and have few defects due to the generation of foreign matter.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a specific example of an optically anisotropic layer having alignment defects.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the reflectance of light incident on the polarizer-side surface of the laminate for evaluation of a circularly polarizing plate in Example 9 and calculating the reflection luminance from the measured reflectance. .
- members having a plate-like shape such as “polarizing plate”, “ ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate”, “ ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate”, and “retardation plate” are not limited to rigid members, but are films. And can be flexible.
- the multilayer film of the present invention includes a long first base material and an optically anisotropic layer containing cured liquid crystal molecules directly formed on the first base material.
- the “cured liquid crystal molecule” means a molecule of the compound when a compound capable of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is turned into a solid while exhibiting a liquid crystal phase.
- the cured liquid crystal molecules include a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- this specific optically anisotropic layer containing cured liquid crystal molecules is simply referred to as an “optically anisotropic layer”.
- the first substrate used in the present invention is a long substrate.
- “long shape” means a shape having a length of at least 5 times the width, preferably 10 times or more, and specifically wound in a roll shape. It refers to the shape of a film having a length that can be taken and stored or transported.
- the first substrate used in the present invention has a slow axis in a direction different from the longitudinal direction.
- the direction of the slow axis of the first substrate and the optically anisotropic layer refers to the direction of the slow axis in the in-plane direction unless otherwise specified.
- the angle expressing the slow axis direction of the base material is expressed as an angle relative to the width direction of the base material unless otherwise specified.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the first substrate and the longitudinal direction of the first substrate can be 10 ° to 90 °.
- the multilayer film of the present invention can be a material that enables efficient production of a circularly polarizing plate or the like.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the first substrate and the longitudinal direction of the first substrate is preferably 30 ° to 80 °, and preferably 40 ° to 50 °. Particularly preferred.
- the multilayer film of this invention can be made into the material which enables the efficient manufacture of a specific circularly-polarizing plate.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the first substrate and the longitudinal direction of the first substrate is preferably 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, 45 ° ⁇ 5 °, 67.5 ⁇ 5 °.
- the multilayer film of the present invention can be a material that enables efficient production of a specific circularly polarizing plate. it can.
- the material of the first base material is not particularly limited, and various resins that can impart orientation regulating force to the surface by imparting birefringence can be used.
- the resin include resins containing various polymers.
- the polymer include an alicyclic structure-containing polymer, cellulose ester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, UV transparent acrylic, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, epoxy polymer, polystyrene, and combinations thereof.
- alicyclic structure-containing polymers and cellulose esters are preferable, and alicyclic structure-containing polymers are more preferable.
- the first substrate is preferably a resin film having positive intrinsic birefringence.
- a resin having positive intrinsic birefringence is used as a material, a first base material having good characteristics such as high orientation regulating force, high strength, and low cost can be easily obtained. be able to.
- An alicyclic structure-containing polymer is an amorphous polymer having an alicyclic structure in a repeating unit, and a polymer containing an alicyclic structure in a main chain and an alicyclic structure in a side chain. Any of the contained polymers can be used.
- Examples of the alicyclic structure include a cycloalkane structure and a cycloalkene structure, and a cycloalkane structure is preferable from the viewpoint of thermal stability.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting one repeating unit of the alicyclic structure is not particularly limited, but is usually 4 to 30, preferably 5 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 15.
- the proportion of the repeating unit having an alicyclic structure in the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is appropriately selected according to the purpose of use, but is usually 50% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight. That's it. When there are too few repeating units having an alicyclic structure, the heat resistance of the film may be reduced.
- the alicyclic structure-containing polymer includes (1) a norbornene polymer, (2) a monocyclic olefin polymer, (3) a cyclic conjugated diene polymer, and (4) a vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon.
- examples thereof include polymers and hydrogenated products thereof.
- norbornene polymers and hydrogenated products thereof are more preferable from the viewpoints of transparency and moldability.
- norbornene polymers include, for example, ring-opening polymers of norbornene monomers, ring-opening copolymers of norbornene monomers with other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization, and hydrogenated products thereof; addition polymers of norbornene monomers; Examples include addition copolymers with other monomers copolymerizable with norbornene monomers.
- a ring-opening polymer hydrogenated product of norbornene monomer is most preferable from the viewpoint of transparency.
- the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is selected from known polymers disclosed in, for example, JP-A No. 2002-321302.
- the alicyclic structure-containing polymer has a glass transition temperature of preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 to 250 ° C.
- An alicyclic structure-containing polymer having a glass transition temperature in such a range is excellent in durability without causing deformation or stress in use at high temperatures.
- the molecular weight of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is converted to polyisoprene measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter abbreviated as “GPC”) using cyclohexane (toluene when the resin is not dissolved) as a solvent.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene (when the solvent is toluene) is usually 10,000 to 100,000, preferably 25,000 to 80,000, more preferably 25,000 to 50,000. is there. When the weight average molecular weight is in such a range, the mechanical strength and moldability of the film are highly balanced and suitable.
- the molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn)) of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1.2 to 3. .5 range.
- the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer has a resin component (that is, an oligomer component) having a molecular weight of 2,000 or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less, and still more preferably 2% by weight or less.
- a resin component that is, an oligomer component
- the amount of the oligomer component is within the above range, generation of fine convex portions on the surface is reduced, thickness unevenness is reduced, and surface accuracy is improved.
- the selection of the polymerization catalyst and the hydrogenation catalyst, the reaction conditions such as polymerization and hydrogenation, and the temperature conditions in the step of pelletizing the resin as a molding material may be optimized. .
- the amount of the oligomer component can be measured by the GPC described above.
- the thickness of the first substrate is not particularly limited, but it is easy to improve productivity, reduce the thickness and reduce the weight. Therefore, the thickness is usually 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer may be composed only of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer, but may contain any compounding agent as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- the ratio of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer in the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more.
- Preferable specific examples of the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer include “Zeonor 1420, Zeonor 1420R” manufactured by Nippon Zeon.
- Typical examples of cellulose esters include lower fatty acid esters of cellulose (eg, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose acetate propionate).
- Lower fatty acid means a fatty acid having 6 or less carbon atoms per molecule.
- Cellulose acetate includes triacetyl cellulose (TAC) and cellulose diacetate (DAC).
- the degree of acetylation of cellulose acetate is preferably 50 to 70%, particularly preferably 55 to 65%.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 70,000 to 120,000, and particularly preferably 80,000 to 100,000.
- the cellulose acetate may be partially esterified with fatty acids such as propionic acid and butyric acid as long as the degree of acetylation is satisfied as well as acetic acid.
- resin which comprises a 1st base material may contain combining cellulose acetate and cellulose esters (cellulose propionate, a cellulose butyrate, etc.) other than a cellulose acetate. In that case, it is preferable that all of these cellulose esters satisfy the above acetylation degree.
- a triacetyl cellulose film is prepared by dissolving triacetyl cellulose in a solvent substantially free of dichloromethane by a low temperature dissolution method or a high temperature dissolution method.
- a triacetyl cellulose film prepared using an acetyl cellulose dope is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
- a film of triacetyl cellulose can be produced by a co-casting method. In the co-casting method, raw material flakes of triacetyl cellulose are dissolved in a solvent, and if necessary, an arbitrary additive is added to prepare a solution (dope), and the dope is supported from the dope supply means (die).
- solvents that dissolve raw flakes include halogenated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc.), esters (methyl formate, methyl acetate, etc.), ethers (dioxane, dioxolane, Diethyl ether and the like).
- solvents that dissolve raw flakes include halogenated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc.), esters (methyl formate, methyl acetate, etc.), ethers (dioxane, dioxolane, Diethyl ether and the like).
- the additive added to the dope include a retardation increasing agent, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a deterioration preventing agent, a slipping agent, and a peeling accelerator.
- Examples of the support for casting the dope include a horizontal endless metal belt and a rotating drum.
- a single dope can be cast as a single layer, or a plurality of layers can be co-cast.
- a low concentration cellulose ester dope layer and a high concentration cellulose ester dope layer provided in contact with the front and back surfaces are formed.
- the dopes can be cast sequentially.
- means for drying the film and removing the solvent include means for transporting the film and passing it through a drying section set to conditions suitable for drying.
- the triacetyl cellulose film include known ones such as TAC-TD80U (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.), and those disclosed in JIII Journal of Technical Disclosure No. 2001-1745. It is done.
- the thickness of the triacetyl cellulose film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 to 130 ⁇ m, still more preferably 70 to 120 ⁇ m.
- the first substrate has an orientation regulating force generated by stretching.
- the first substrate further has a slow axis in a direction different from the longitudinal direction.
- Such a 1st base material can be prepared by extending
- the extending direction can be appropriately set according to the desired orientation direction required for the optically anisotropic layer.
- the stretching may be only oblique stretching, or may be only lateral stretching (stretching in the width direction of the first substrate), oblique stretching, longitudinal stretching (stretching in the longitudinal direction of the first substrate) and / or Alternatively, it may be performed in combination with transverse stretching.
- the draw ratio can be appropriately set within the range in which the orientation regulating force is generated on the substrate surface.
- the phase difference Re in the in-plane direction of the first substrate is preferably 30 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, and preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 300 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the birefringence ⁇ n of the first substrate is preferably 0.000050 or more, more preferably 0.000070 or more, while the upper limit of the birefringence ⁇ n of the first substrate is preferably 0.007500 or less. More preferably, it is 0.007000 or less.
- the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer described above or the resin containing triacetyl cellulose is used, and by giving optical properties within the range, the first A molecular director orientates substantially uniformly over the whole thickness direction of a base material, and can give favorable orientation control force to the 1st base material surface. Stretching can be performed using a known stretching machine such as a tenter stretching machine.
- the alignment regulating force can be given only to the surface layer of the substrate, and even when the photo-alignment film is used, the alignment regulating force can be given only to the thin film surface layer of the alignment film layer. .
- the alignment regulating force developed only in the surface layer is relaxed with the influence of the environment (heat, light, oxygen, etc.) over time, and alignment defects can be generated more during the formation of the optically anisotropic layer.
- the multilayer film of the present invention includes an optically anisotropic layer containing cured liquid crystal molecules formed directly on the first substrate.
- “Directly” formation of the optically anisotropic layer on the first substrate means that the optically anisotropic layer is formed on the surface of the first substrate without any other layers. .
- an optical heterogeneity having a slow axis in a desired direction is obtained.
- the isotropic layer can be obtained in a state where there is no generation of dust, scratches or foreign matters caused by rubbing.
- the optically anisotropic layer can be an optically anisotropic layer with few scratches and foreign matters seen when the optically anisotropic layer is observed with a microscope, and few alignment defects such as line defects.
- the formation of the optically anisotropic layer on the first substrate typically involves Step (I): a step of feeding out the first long substrate described above in the longitudinal direction, Step (II): A step of directly applying a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound on the first substrate that has been fed to form a layer of the liquid crystal composition, Step (III): a step of aligning a polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the layer of the liquid crystal composition, and step (IV): a step of polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to form cured liquid crystal molecules.
- Step (I) can be performed by preparing a roll of the first long base material described above and feeding out the first base material.
- Step (II) can be performed by directly applying the liquid crystal composition onto one surface of the first substrate that is continuously conveyed.
- the conveyance direction of the substrate and the application direction of the liquid crystal composition can usually be the same direction.
- coating methods include curtain coating, extrusion coating, roll coating, spin coating, dip coating, bar coating, spray coating, slide coating, print coating, gravure coating, and die coating.
- Method, cap coating method, and dipping method For example, in the die coating method, when the lip direction of the die coater is arranged so as to be parallel to the width direction of the base material, the application direction of the liquid crystal composition is the same as the transport direction of the base material, that is, the longitudinal direction of the base material.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal composition layer to be applied can be appropriately set according to the desired thickness required for the optically anisotropic layer.
- Step (III) may be achieved immediately by application, but may also be achieved by applying an orientation treatment such as heating after application, if necessary.
- the alignment treatment conditions can be appropriately set according to the properties of the liquid crystal composition to be used.
- the alignment treatment may be performed at a temperature of 50 to 160 ° C. for 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the application direction of the liquid crystal composition to be used and the alignment direction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be made different, that is, crossed.
- the angle formed by the application direction of the liquid crystal composition and the alignment direction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be preferably more than 5 °, more preferably 10 to 90 °, and even more preferably 40 to 50 °.
- the step (IV) may be performed immediately after the step (III), but a step of drying the liquid crystal composition layer may be performed as necessary before the subsequent step (IV) of the step (III). .
- drying can be achieved by a drying method such as natural drying, heat drying, reduced pressure drying, and reduced pressure heat drying. By such drying, the solvent can be removed from the liquid crystal composition layer.
- a method suitable for the properties of the components of the liquid crystal composition can be appropriately selected.
- examples thereof include a method of irradiating active energy rays and a thermal polymerization method.
- a method of irradiating active energy rays is preferable because the reaction can proceed at room temperature without requiring heating.
- the irradiated active energy rays can include light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, and arbitrary energy rays such as electron beams.
- a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays is preferable because the operation is simple.
- the upper limit of the temperature at the time of ultraviolet irradiation is preferably not more than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the substrate. Usually, it is 150 ° C. or lower, preferably 100 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 80 ° C. or lower. The lower limit of the temperature during ultraviolet irradiation can be 15 ° C. or higher.
- Ultraviolet irradiation intensity is usually, 0.1mW / cm 2 ⁇ 1000mW / cm 2 range, preferably in the range of 0.5mW / cm 2 ⁇ 600mW / cm 2.
- the ultraviolet irradiation time is in the range of 1 second to 300 seconds, preferably in the range of 5 seconds to 100 seconds.
- UV integrated illuminance (mJ / cm 2 ) ultraviolet irradiation intensity (mW / cm 2 ) ⁇ irradiation time (seconds).
- the cured liquid crystal molecules can have alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the first substrate.
- the cured liquid crystal molecules may preferably have a homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the first substrate.
- “having homogeneous alignment regularity” means that the average direction of the lines obtained by projecting the long axis direction of the mesogen of the cured liquid crystal molecules onto the film surface is one direction (for example, the basic direction) Alignment in the direction of the surface director of the material film.
- the homogeneous alignment regularity “along” in a predetermined direction means that the alignment direction substantially coincides with the predetermined direction.
- the predetermined direction is the direction of the surface director of the base film or the slow axis direction of the base film.
- Whether or not the cured liquid crystal molecules have homogeneous alignment regularity and the alignment direction are determined by measuring the slow axis direction using a phase difference meter represented by AxoScan (manufactured by Axometrics), and the slow phase This can be confirmed by measuring the retardation distribution for each incident angle in the axial direction.
- the major axis direction of the mesogen of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is usually the mesogen of the cured liquid crystal molecule. It becomes the major axis direction.
- a plurality of types of mesogens having different orientation directions are present in the optically anisotropic layer as in the case of using a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound (described later) as the polymerizable liquid crystal compound,
- the direction in which the long axis directions of the longest types of mesogens are aligned is the alignment direction.
- orientation along the direction of the slow axis of the first substrate and “substantially” in the same direction means that the angle between the direction of the slow axis of the first substrate and the alignment direction of the mesogen is 5 That is within °.
- the angle is preferably within 3 °, more preferably within 1 °.
- the first base material having the predetermined slow axis described above is used, and the material of the optically anisotropic layer is appropriately selected, so that the optically anisotropic layer has substantially the same direction as the slow axis.
- An alignment regularity such as a homogeneous alignment regularity along the same direction can be imparted, and as a result, an optically anisotropic layer having such an alignment regularity can be obtained.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted so that properties such as retardation can be within a desired range.
- the lower limit of the thickness is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, while the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and is 7 ⁇ m or less. Is more preferable, and it is still more preferable that it is 5 micrometers or less.
- the shape, length and width of the optically anisotropic layer can be a long film-like shape similar to that of the first substrate, and this can be made into a rectangle suitable for the desired application as required. It can be cut into shapes.
- the optically anisotropic layer preferably has reverse wavelength dispersion. That is, the optically anisotropic layer preferably has chromatic dispersion that exhibits a high in-plane retardation with respect to transmitted light having a longer wavelength than a short wavelength.
- the optically anisotropic layer preferably has such reverse wavelength dispersion in at least a part of the visible light band, preferably all. Since the optically anisotropic layer has reverse wavelength dispersion, the function can be expressed uniformly in a wide band in optical applications such as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate or a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate.
- the optically anisotropic layer is a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate or a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate.
- the in-plane retardation Re measured at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm is in the range of 108 nm to 168 nm, it can be used as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate.
- the in-plane retardation Re measured at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm is in the range of 245 nm to 305 nm, it can be used as a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate.
- the in-plane retardation Re measured at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm is preferably in the range of 128 nm to 148 nm, more preferably 133 nm to 143 nm.
- the in-plane retardation Re measured at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm is preferably in the range of 265 nm to 285 nm, more preferably 270 nm to 280 nm.
- the in-plane retardation Re is calculated according to the following formula.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the optically anisotropic layer (maximum refractive index in the plane), and ny is the optical anisotropy.
- the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane of the layer, d is the thickness (nm) of the optically anisotropic layer.
- the optically anisotropic layer is such a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate
- an optical element such as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate or a circularly polarizing plate having a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate can be easily produced using the ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer and the longitudinal direction of the optically anisotropic layer can be the same as the angle formed by the slow axis of the first substrate and the longitudinal direction of the first substrate. .
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer and the longitudinal direction of the optically anisotropic layer can be specifically 10 ° to 90 °.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer and the longitudinal direction of the optically anisotropic layer is particularly preferably 40 ° to 50 °.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer and the longitudinal direction of the optically anisotropic layer is preferably 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, 45 ° ⁇ 5 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ . 5 °, 75 ° ⁇ 5 °, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 4 °, 45 ° ⁇ 4 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 4 °, 75 ° ⁇ 4 °, even more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 3 °, 45 ° Specific ranges such as ⁇ 3 °, 67.5 ° ⁇ 3 °, and 75 ° ⁇ 3 ° can be used.
- the multilayer film of the present invention can be a material that enables efficient production of a specific circularly polarizing plate.
- composition (A) A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (hereinafter, the composition may be abbreviated as “composition (A)”) that can be used in the production of the multilayer film of the present invention will be described.
- the liquid crystal compound as a component of the composition (A) is a compound that can exhibit a liquid crystal phase when blended and oriented in the composition (A).
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that can be polymerized in the composition (A) in a state of exhibiting such a liquid crystal phase and can be a polymer while maintaining the molecular orientation in the liquid crystal phase.
- the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound in which, when such a polymer is used, the obtained polymer exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion.
- compounds having a polymerizable property such as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and other polymerizable compounds which are components of the composition (A) may be simply referred to as “polymerizable compound”. .
- Examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, a compound capable of forming a side chain liquid crystal polymer, and a discotic liquid crystal compound.
- Examples of the liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group include, for example, JP-A Nos. 11-513360, 2002-030042, 2004-204190, 2005-263789, and 2007-119415. And rod-like liquid crystal compounds having a polymerizable group described in JP-A No. 2007-186430 and the like.
- Examples of the side chain type liquid crystal polymer compound include side chain type liquid crystal polymer compounds described in JP-A No. 2003-177242.
- examples of preferable liquid crystal compounds include “LC242” manufactured by BASF and the like.
- Specific examples of the discotic liquid crystalline compound are disclosed in JP-A-8-50206, literature (C. Destrade et al., Mol. Crysr. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 71, page 111 (1981); Ed., Quarterly Chemistry Review, No. 22, Chemistry of Liquid Crystals, Chapter 5, Chapter 10, Section 2 (1994); B. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., Page 1794 (1985) ); J. Zhang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 116, page 2655 (1994)).
- One of these liquid crystal compounds and the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound described below may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination at any ratio.
- a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be used as a part or all of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. By using the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, an optically anisotropic layer having reverse wavelength dispersion can be easily obtained.
- Examples of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a compound having a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen bonded to the main chain mesogen in the molecule.
- the side chain mesogen can be aligned in a different direction from the main chain mesogen. Therefore, in the optically anisotropic layer, the main chain mesogen and the side chain mesogen can be oriented in different directions. Such an orientation allows the optically anisotropic layer to exhibit reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- Examples of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a compound represented by the following formula (I) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “compound (I)”).
- Y 1 to Y 8 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O. —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O— is represented.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R 1 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n- A hexyl group etc. are mentioned.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 to Y 8 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or , —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O— is preferable.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- the divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a divalent aliphatic group having a chain structure such as an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; And divalent aliphatic groups such as a cycloalkanediyl group having 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenediyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and a divalent alicyclic fused ring group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituent for the divalent aliphatic group of G 1 and G 2 include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n -Butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, t-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group and the like, such as alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Of these, a fluorine atom, a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group are preferable.
- the aliphatic group includes —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, — NR 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 2 —, —NR 2 —, or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be present.
- R 2 represents the same hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms as R 1, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the group intervening in the aliphatic group is preferably —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —.
- G 1 and G 2 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or the like, from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- a divalent aliphatic group having a chain structure is preferable.
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the halogen atom that is a substituent of the alkenyl group of Z 1 and Z 2 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and the like, and a chlorine atom is preferable.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms of Z 1 and Z 2 include CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CH 2 —, CH 3 —CH ⁇ .
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, CH 2 ⁇
- C (Cl) —, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CH 2 —, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —CH 2 —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —CH 2 —CH 2 — is preferred.
- CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (Cl) — is more preferable, and CH 2 ⁇ CH— is particularly preferable.
- a x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the “aromatic ring” is represented by a cyclic structure having a broad sense of aromaticity according to the Huckle rule, that is, a cyclic conjugated structure having (4n + 2) ⁇ electrons, and thiophene, furan, benzothiazole, and the like. This means that a lone pair of heteroatoms such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen is involved in the ⁇ -electron system and exhibits aromaticity.
- the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A x may have a plurality of aromatic rings. And having an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic rings such as a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, and a thiazole ring; Benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoline ring, phthalazine ring, benzimidazole ring, benzopyrazole ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, thiazolopyridine ring, oxazolopyridine ring, thiazolopyrazine ring,
- the aromatic ring of A x may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; cyano group; alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group; Nitro group; aryl group such as phenyl group and naphthyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 5 ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 5 ; —SO 2 R 6 ;
- R 5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 6 is a carbon atom similar to R 4 described later. It represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group.
- the aromatic ring within A x may have a plurality of identical or different substituents, bonded two adjacent substituents together may form a ring.
- the ring formed may be a single ring or a condensed polycycle, and may be an unsaturated ring or a saturated ring.
- the “carbon number” of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in A x means the total number of carbon atoms in the whole organic group not including the carbon atom of the substituent (the same applies to A y described later). .
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group As the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A x , an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group; an aromatic heterocyclic ring Group: an alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group; from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group An alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of: a carbon number having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group 4-30 alkynyl groups; and the like.
- a x is not limited to the following.
- “-” represents a bond extending from any position of the ring (the same applies hereinafter).
- E represents NR 6a , an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 6a represents a hydrogen atom; or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group.
- X, Y, and Z each independently represent NR 7 , an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —SO—, or —SO 2 — (provided that an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —SO—, Except where —SO 2 — are adjacent to each other).
- R 7 represents the same hydrogen atom as R 6a ; or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or is preferably an aromatic heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably one of the groups shown below ,
- the ring of A x may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; cyano group; alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group; Nitro group; aryl group such as phenyl group and naphthyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 8 ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 8 ; —SO 2 R 6 ; R 8 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group or an ethyl group; or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group.
- a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the ring of A x may have a plurality of the same or different substituents, and two adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a ring.
- the ring formed may be monocyclic or condensed polycyclic.
- the “carbon number” of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in A x means the total number of carbon atoms in the whole organic group not including the carbon atom of the substituent (the same applies to A y described later). .
- a y has a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, —C ( ⁇ O) —R 3 , —SO 2 —R 4 , —C ( S) NH-R 9 or an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- R 3 has an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- R 9 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and an aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent are represented.
- alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent of A y include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, and n-butyl.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent of A y include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, and a pentenyl group.
- the carbon number of the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent is preferably 2 to 12.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group. Groups and the like.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms of the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent examples include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, a 2-propynyl group (propargyl group), and a butynyl group.
- Examples of the substituent of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include a fluorine atom, chlorine Halogen atoms such as atoms; cyano groups; substituted amino groups such as dimethylamino groups; alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, isopropoxy groups, butoxy groups; methoxymethoxy groups, methoxyethoxy groups, etc.
- R 7a and R 10 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a 6 to 12 carbon atom.
- R 8a represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group similar to R 4 described above.
- Examples of the substituent of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent for A y include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom; a cyano group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; C1-C6 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and propyl groups; C1-C6 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy and isopropoxy groups; nitro groups; aryls such as phenyl and naphthyl groups A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —R 7a ; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 7a ; —SO 2 R 8a ; And the like.
- R 7a and R 8a represent
- Examples of the substituent of the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent of A y include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may have a substituent and a substituent. And the same substituent as the substituent of the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be used.
- R 3 may have a C 1-20 alkyl group which may have a substituent, or may have a substituent.
- Preferred examples thereof include an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples thereof include the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and a substituent of the above Ay.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may be included are the same as those listed.
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group To express.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in R 4 include the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the above Ay . Examples are the same as those listed.
- Examples of the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring for A y are the same as those exemplified for A x above. Is mentioned.
- a hydrogen atom an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent
- R 3 and R 4 represent the same meaning as described above.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and an optionally substituted carbon
- substituent of the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl Group, cyclohexyl group, C2-C12 cyclic ether group, C6-C14 aryloxy group, hydroxyl group, benzodioxanyl group, phenylsulfonyl group, 4-methylphenylsulfonyl group, benzoyl group, -SR 10 Is preferred.
- R 10 represents the same meaning as described above.
- a y having an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- the substituent of the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a cyano group are preferable.
- a x and A y may be combined to form a ring.
- a ring examples include an unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and an unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- the unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and the unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms are not particularly limited and may or may not have aromaticity.
- the ring shown below is mentioned.
- the ring shown below is the one in the formula (I).
- substituent groups include the same ones as exemplified as the substituents of the aromatic ring within A x.
- the total number of ⁇ electrons contained in A x and A y is preferably 4 or more and 24 or less, more preferably 6 or more and 20 or less, from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention. More preferably, it is 6 or more and 18 or less.
- a x is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
- a y is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (halogen atom, cyano group,
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms) , (Halogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cyano group) which may have as a substituent a C 3-9 aromatic heterocyclic group or substituent An optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optional
- the substituent is a halogen atom, a cyano group, or an aryl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 10 represents the same meaning as described above.
- a x is any of the groups having the following structure
- a y is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carbon
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent, (halogen atom, 1 to 6 carbon atoms)
- Atoms, cyano groups, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 1 carbon atoms An alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclic ether group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, and a benzodioxanyl group.
- benzenesulfonyl group, a benzoyl group, a combination is either -SR 10.
- R 10 represents the same meaning as described above.
- a x is any of the groups having the following structure
- a y is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a (halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carbon
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent, (halogen atom, 1 to 6 carbon atoms)
- Atoms, cyano groups, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 1 carbon atoms An alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclic ether group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, and a benzodioxanyl group.
- benzenesulfonyl group, a benzoyl group, a combination is either -SR 10.
- X represents the same meaning as described above.
- R 10 represents the same meaning as described above.
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the trivalent aromatic group may be a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group or a trivalent heterocyclic aromatic group. From the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group is preferable, a trivalent benzene ring group or a trivalent naphthalene ring group is more preferable, and a trivalent represented by the following formula: The benzene ring group or trivalent naphthalene ring group is more preferable.
- the substituents Y 1 and Y 2 are described for convenience in order to clarify the bonding state (Y 1 and Y 2 represent the same meaning as described above, and the same applies hereinafter). .
- a 1 groups represented by the following formulas (A11) to (A25) are more preferable.
- A13 groups represented by the following formulas (A11), (A13), (A15), (A19), and (A23) are particularly preferred.
- a 1 as a trivalent substituent which may be possessed by the aromatic group, the same ones as exemplified as the substituents of the aromatic groups of the A X and the like.
- a 1 preferably has no substituent.
- a 2 and A 3 each independently represents a C 3-30 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include a cycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and a divalent alicyclic condensed ring group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the cycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms include cyclopropanediyl group; cyclobutanediyl group such as cyclobutane-1,2-diyl group and cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group; cyclopentane-1,2-diyl group Cyclopentanediyl groups such as cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group; cyclohexanediyl groups such as cyclohexane-1,2-diyl group, cyclohexane-1,3-diyl group, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group; Cycloheptanediyl groups such as cycloheptane-1,2-diyl group, cycloheptane-1,3-diyl group, cycloheptane-1,4-diyl group; cyclooc
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic condensed ring group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms include decalin-2,5-diyl group, decalin-2,7-diyl group, etc .; adamantane-1,2-diyl group, adamantane Adamantanediyl group such as -1,3-diyl group; bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-diyl group, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,5-diyl group, bicyclo And bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanediyl groups such as [2.2.1] heptane-2,6-diyl group.
- These divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups may have a substituent at any position.
- substituents the same ones as exemplified as the substituents of the aromatic groups of the A X and the like.
- a 2 and A 3 a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, a cycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable, and the following formula (A31) to (A34)
- the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is a cis type or a trans type based on a difference in configuration of carbon atoms bonded to Y 1 , Y 3 (or Y 2 , Y 4 ).
- Stereoisomers can exist.
- a cis-type isomer (A32a) and a trans-type isomer (A32b) may exist.
- it may be a cis type, a trans type, or a mixture of cis and trans isomers.
- a trans type Preferably, there is a trans type.
- a 4 and A 5 each independently represents a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic groups of A 4 and A 5 may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Preferable specific examples of A 4 and A 5 include the following.
- the divalent aromatic groups of A 4 and A 5 may have a substituent at any position.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, and a —C ( ⁇ O) —OR 8b group; It is done.
- R 8b is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group are preferable.
- the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group
- the alkoxy group is more preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.
- a 4 and A 5 may each independently have a substituent, the following formulas (A41) and (A42) And a group represented by (A43) is more preferred, and a group represented by formula (A41) which may have a substituent is particularly preferred.
- Q 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the alkyl group which has 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 6 have a substituent, the same ones as exemplified in the A X and the like.
- Q 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Compound (I) can be produced, for example, by a reaction of a hydrazine compound and a carbonyl compound described in International Publication No. WO2012 / 147904.
- the composition (A) can contain a polymerizable monomer as an optional component.
- the “polymerizable monomer” refers to a compound other than the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound, among compounds having a polymerization ability and capable of functioning as a monomer.
- the polymerizable monomer for example, one having one or more polymerizable groups per molecule can be used. By having such a polymerizable group, polymerization can be achieved in forming the optically anisotropic layer.
- the polymerizable monomer is a crosslinkable monomer having two or more polymerizable groups per molecule, crosslinkable polymerization can be achieved.
- the polymerizable group include the same groups as the groups Z 1 -Y 7 -and Z 2 -Y 8- in the compound (I), and more specifically, for example, acryloyl group, methacryloyl Groups and epoxy groups.
- the polymerizable monomer itself may be liquid crystalline or non-liquid crystalline.
- non-liquid crystalline per se means that the polymerizable monomer itself is aligned on the first base material subjected to the alignment treatment when it is placed at any temperature from room temperature to 200 ° C. That does not show Whether or not the orientation is indicated is determined by whether or not there is a contrast between light and dark when the rubbing direction is rotated by the surface phase in the crossed Nicol transmission observation of the polarizing microscope.
- the blending ratio of the polymerizable monomer is usually 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Within the above range, precise control of the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic is facilitated by appropriately adjusting the blending ratio of the polymerizable monomer so as to exhibit the desired reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic.
- the polymerizable monomer can be produced by a known production method. Or what has a structure similar to compound (I) can be manufactured according to the manufacturing method of compound (I).
- composition (A) In addition to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the polymerizable monomer, the composition (A) may contain an optional component such as those exemplified below as necessary.
- Composition (A) may contain a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator it can select suitably according to the kind of polymeric group which a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a polymerizable monomer, and another polymerizable compound have in a composition (A).
- a radical polymerization initiator can be used if the polymerizable group is radical polymerizable
- an anionic polymerization initiator can be used if it is an anion polymerizable group
- a cationic polymerization initiator can be used if it is a cationic polymerizable group.
- a thermal radical generator which is a compound that generates an active species capable of initiating polymerization of a polymerizable compound by heating; and visible light, ultraviolet light (i-line, etc.), far ultraviolet light, electron beam
- photoradical generators which are compounds that generate active species capable of initiating polymerization of a polymerizable compound upon exposure to exposure light such as X-rays, can be used, but photoradical generators are used. Is preferred.
- Examples of the photoradical generator include an acetophenone compound, a biimidazole compound, a triazine compound, an O-acyloxime compound, an onium salt compound, a benzoin compound described in International Publication No. WO2012 / 147904, Examples include benzophenone compounds, ⁇ -diketone compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds, xanthone compounds, diazo compounds, imide sulfonate compounds, and the like.
- anionic polymerization initiator examples include alkyl lithium compounds; monolithium salts or monosodium salts such as biphenyl, naphthalene, and pyrene; polyfunctional initiators such as dilithium salts and trilithium salts; and the like.
- the cationic polymerization initiator examples include proton acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and tin tetrachloride.
- These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending ratio of the polymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- Composition (A) may contain a surfactant for adjusting the surface tension.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, but a nonionic surfactant is usually preferable.
- a commercially available product can be used as the nonionic surfactant.
- a nonionic surfactant which is an oligomer having a molecular weight of about several thousand, for example, KH-40 manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the blending ratio of the surfactant is usually 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- Composition (A) may contain a solvent such as an organic solvent.
- organic solvents include ketones such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and methyl isobutyl ketone; acetate esters such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane and dichloroethane; Examples include ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and mesitylene.
- the boiling point of the solvent is preferably 60 to 250 ° C., more preferably 60 to 150 ° C., from the viewpoint of excellent handleability.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually 100 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- the composition (A) is further composed of metal, metal complex, dye, pigment, fluorescent material, phosphorescent material, leveling agent, thixotropic agent, gelling agent, polysaccharide, ultraviolet absorber, infrared absorber, antioxidant, ion.
- An optional additive such as an exchange resin and a metal oxide such as titanium oxide may be included.
- the ratio of such optional additives is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- Composition (A) can usually be prepared by mixing the components described above.
- optically anisotropic laminate of the present invention is obtained by peeling the optically anisotropic layer from the multilayer film of the present invention and bonding it to a long second substrate.
- An example of the second substrate is a film that can protect the optically anisotropic layer such as a masking film.
- a masking film known ones (for example, FF1025 and “FF1035” manufactured by Treteger, Inc .; “SAT116T”, “SAT2038T-JSL” and “SAT4538T-JSL” manufactured by Sanei Kaken Co., Ltd .; “NBO” manufactured by Fujimori Industrial Co., Ltd.
- the optically anisotropic layer can be easily transferred to another member. Therefore, an optical element having an optically anisotropic layer can be easily manufactured.
- the second substrate is an optically isotropic substrate film.
- the optical isotropy is that the in-plane retardation Re is preferably less than 10 nm, and more preferably less than 5 nm.
- the retardation Rth in the thickness direction is also preferably less than 10 nm, and more preferably less than 5 nm. The retardation Rth in the thickness direction is calculated according to the following formula.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the base film (maximum refractive index in the plane), and ny is the base (The refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane of the material film, nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the base film, and d is the thickness (nm) of the base film.
- the material of the optically isotropic substrate film include cellulose esters and the like in addition to the same materials as the first substrate film described above. A long film of such a material is formed and can be used as it is as the second substrate without being stretched.
- An optically anisotropic laminate including an optically isotropic substrate film as a second substrate can be incorporated into an optical device such as a display device as it is and used as an optical member.
- the process of peeling the optically anisotropic layer from the multilayer film and laminating it on the long second substrate is a roll-to-roll operation. Can be done.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention is formed by laminating one or more optically anisotropic layers and a long linear polarizer by roll-to-roll.
- Circularly polarizing plate a circularly polarizing plate formed by laminating an optically anisotropic layer and a long linear polarizer by roll-to-roll, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is of the present invention.
- a circularly polarizing plate which is a layer formed by peeling from a multilayer film.
- Polarizer a circularly polarizing plate formed by laminating an optically anisotropic layer and a long linear polarizer by roll-to-roll, wherein the optically anisotropic layer is of the present invention.
- the optically anisotropic layer included in the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention a layer peeled from the multilayer film of the present invention may be used directly.
- the optically anisotropic layer included in the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention is peeled from the multilayer film of the present invention, and once bonded to the second base material to obtain the optically anisotropic laminate of the present invention, You may use it as it is, or you may use what peeled again from there.
- the step of peeling the optically anisotropic layer from the multilayer film and the step of bonding the optically anisotropic layer to another layer (other optically anisotropic layer, linear polarizer, etc.)
- the step of peeling and bonding are performed by bonding the surface on the optically anisotropic layer side of the multilayer film and one surface of the linear polarizer and then peeling the first substrate. These steps can be performed.
- the relationship between the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate, the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate, and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer can be various known relationships.
- the optically anisotropic layer of the multilayer film of the present invention is used as both a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate and a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate, the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate with respect to the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizer.
- the direction is 15 ° or an angle close thereto (for example, 15 ° ⁇ 5 °, preferably 15 ° ⁇ ° 4, more preferably 15 ° ⁇ 3 °), and the direction of the ⁇ plate with respect to the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizer
- the slow axis direction may be 75 ° or an angle close thereto (eg, 75 ° ⁇ 5 °, preferably 75 ° ⁇ ° 4, more preferably 75 ° ⁇ 3 °).
- a circularly-polarizing plate can be used as a broadband antireflection film for an organic EL display device.
- the in-plane optical axis slow axis, transmission axis, transmission axis, etc.
- geometric direction longitudinal direction of the film
- the width direction are defined as a shift in one direction being positive and a shift in another direction as negative, and the positive and negative directions are commonly defined in the components in the product.
- the direction of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 wave plate relative to the direction of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer is 15 °
- the delay of the 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ wave plate relative to the direction of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer is “The direction of the phase axis is 75 °”
- the direction of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate is shifted 15 ° clockwise from the direction of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer
- 1 / 4 ⁇ The direction of the slow axis of the wave plate is shifted by 75 ° clockwise from the direction of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer.
- the direction of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate is shifted 15 ° counterclockwise from the direction of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer, and 1 /
- the direction of the slow axis of the 4 ⁇ wave plate is shifted by 75 ° counterclockwise from the direction of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer.
- the circularly polarizing plate (i) there is one ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate as an optically anisotropic layer, and the direction of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate with respect to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer Is 45 ° or an angle close thereto (for example, 45 ° ⁇ 5 °, preferably 45 ° ⁇ 4 °, more preferably 45 ° ⁇ 3 °).
- a circularly-polarizing plate can be used as an antireflection film for organic EL display devices.
- the roll-to-roll bonding means that the film is fed out from a long film roll, conveyed, and subjected to a bonding process with another film on the conveyance line, and further obtained bonded material.
- a roll is taken up.
- the multilayer film is unwound from a roll of a long multilayer film, transported, and pasted with a linear polarizer on a transport line. It is possible to perform roll-to-roll bonding by using the obtained bonded product as a take-up roll. In this case, the linear polarizer can also be fed from the roll and supplied to the bonding step.
- linear polarizer known polarizers used in devices such as liquid crystal display devices and other optical devices can be used.
- linear polarizers are those obtained by adsorbing iodine or dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film and then uniaxially stretching in a boric acid bath, and iodine or dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film.
- examples thereof include those obtained by adsorbing and stretching and further modifying a part of the polyvinyl alcohol unit in the molecular chain into a polyvinylene unit.
- linear polarizer examples include a polarizer having a function of separating polarized light into reflected light and transmitted light, such as a grid polarizer, a multilayer polarizer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal polarizer. Of these, a polarizer containing polyvinyl alcohol is preferred.
- the polarization degree of the polarizer used for this invention is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 98% or more, More preferably, it is 99% or more.
- the average thickness of the polarizer is preferably 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- One of the uses of the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention is a use as an antireflection film of a display device having an organic EL element. That is, by providing a circularly polarizing plate having the above-described configuration on the surface of the display device so that the surface on the linear polarizer side faces the viewing side, light incident from the outside of the device is reflected in the device. Outgoing to the outside of the device can be suppressed, and as a result, undesired reduction such as glare of the display surface of the display device can be suppressed. Specifically, only a part of the linearly polarized light passes through the linear polarizer and then passes through the optically anisotropic layer to become circularly polarized light.
- circularly polarized light includes elliptically polarized light as long as it substantially exhibits an antireflection function.
- Circularly polarized light is reflected by a component (such as a reflective electrode in an organic EL element) that reflects light in the device, passes through the optically anisotropic layer again, and is orthogonal to the polarization axis of the incident linearly polarized light.
- a component such as a reflective electrode in an organic EL element
- the function of antireflection is achieved.
- the circularly polarizing plate (ii) described above achieves the antireflection function in a wide band.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention has few defects due to foreign matters or the like in the optically anisotropic layer, such an antireflection effect can be obtained particularly well.
- An optically anisotropic layer can be used.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention may have other arbitrary layers as necessary.
- optional layers include adhesive layers for adhering to other members, mat layers for improving film slipperiness, hard coat layers such as impact-resistant polymethacrylate resin layers, antireflection layers, antifouling layers, etc. Is mentioned.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention can be used as a component of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention includes the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention can include the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention as an antireflection film as described above in a display device having an organic EL element as a display element.
- Resin film (X) The resin film disclosed in the present application (hereinafter referred to as “resin film (X)”) is a resin film containing cured liquid crystal molecules formed on a long substrate.
- the meaning of “cured liquid crystal molecule” is [1.
- Examples of the cured liquid crystal molecules include a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- “resin film (X) containing cured liquid crystal molecules” may be abbreviated as “liquid crystal resin film”.
- the resin film (X) can be used as an optically anisotropic layer in the multilayer film of the present invention.
- the substrate has a slow axis in a direction different from the width direction.
- the direction of the slow axis of the substrate and the resin film (X) refers to the direction of the slow axis in the in-plane direction unless otherwise specified.
- the phrase “the slow axis direction is different from the width direction” means that the angle formed by the slow axis direction and the width direction is 5 ° or more.
- the upper limit of the angle formed by the slow axis direction and the width direction is not particularly limited, but may be 90 ° or less, for example.
- the angle formed between the slow axis direction and the width direction can be appropriately adjusted according to desired performance required for the liquid crystal resin film, and specifically, for example, 45 ° ⁇ 3 ° or 22.5 ° ⁇ 3. It can be an angle such as °.
- the resin film (X) formed thereon can be imparted with homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis.
- the material of the base material is not particularly limited, and various resins that can impart orientation regulating force to the surface by imparting birefringence can be used. Specifically, [1.1. The same materials as those of the first substrate described in the section of the first substrate can be used.
- a stretching method can be employed.
- a base material having a slow axis can be prepared by stretching a film such as one made of the above materials and imparting anisotropy.
- the extending direction can be appropriately set according to a desired alignment direction required for the liquid crystal resin film. Stretching may be performed only by oblique stretching, and may be performed by combining oblique stretching and longitudinal stretching (stretching in the longitudinal direction of the substrate) and / or transverse stretching (stretching in the width direction of the substrate).
- the draw ratio can be appropriately set so that the birefringence ⁇ n of the base material is in a desired range.
- the lower limit of the birefringence ⁇ n of the substrate is preferably 0.000050 or more, more preferably 0.000070 or more, while the upper limit of the birefringence ⁇ n of the substrate is preferably 0.007500 or less, more preferably 0.00. 100000 or less.
- a resin containing the above-described alicyclic structure-containing polymer or a resin containing triacetyl cellulose as the material of the base material, and imparting a birefringence of the lower limit or more, a good alignment regulating force can be obtained. It can be applied to the substrate surface.
- method (X) a method including a step of forming cured liquid crystal molecules
- Step (i) can be performed by applying a liquid crystal composition on one surface of a substrate that is continuously conveyed.
- coating methods include curtain coating, extrusion coating, roll coating, spin coating, dip coating, bar coating, spray coating, slide coating, print coating, gravure coating, and die coating. Method, cap coating method, and dipping method.
- the thickness of the layer of the liquid crystal composition to be applied can be appropriately set according to a desired thickness required for the liquid crystal resin film.
- Step (ii) may be achieved immediately by application, but may also be achieved by applying an orientation treatment such as heating after application, if necessary.
- the alignment treatment conditions can be appropriately set according to the properties of the liquid crystal composition to be used.
- the alignment treatment may be performed at a temperature of 50 to 160 ° C. for 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
- Step (iii) may be performed immediately after step (ii), but before step (iii) after step (ii), a step of drying the liquid crystal composition layer may be performed as necessary.
- a drying method such as natural drying, heat drying, reduced pressure drying, and reduced pressure heat drying. By such drying, the solvent can be removed from the liquid crystal composition layer.
- a method suitable for the properties of the components of the liquid crystal composition can be appropriately selected.
- examples thereof include a method of irradiating active energy rays and a thermal polymerization method.
- a method of irradiating active energy rays is preferable because the reaction can proceed at room temperature without requiring heating.
- the irradiated active energy rays can include light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, and arbitrary energy rays such as electron beams.
- a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays is preferable because the operation is simple.
- the upper limit of the temperature at the time of ultraviolet irradiation is preferably not more than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the substrate. Usually, it is 150 ° C. or lower, preferably 100 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 80 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the temperature during ultraviolet irradiation can be 15 ° C. or higher.
- Ultraviolet irradiation intensity is usually, 0.1mW / cm 2 ⁇ 1000mW / cm 2 range, preferably in the range of 0.5mW / cm 2 ⁇ 600mW / cm 2.
- the cured liquid crystal molecules have homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction as the slow axis direction of the substrate.
- the major axis direction of the mesogen of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is the major axis direction of the mesogen of the cured liquid crystal molecule.
- the alignment direction is the alignment direction.
- orientation along the “substantially” same direction as the direction of the slow axis of the substrate means that the angle formed by the direction of the slow axis of the substrate and the alignment direction of the mesogens is within 5 °.
- the angle is preferably within 3 °, more preferably within 1 °.
- the resin film (X) formed thereon has the direction of the slow axis and Homogeneous alignment regularity along substantially the same direction can be imparted, and as a result, a liquid crystal resin film having such a predetermined alignment regularity can be obtained.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal resin film is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted so that characteristics such as retardation can be within a desired range.
- the lower limit of the thickness is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, while the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and is 7 ⁇ m or less. Is more preferable.
- the shape, length, and width of the liquid crystal resin film are not particularly limited, but can be a long film-like shape similar to that of the base material, and this is a rectangular shape suitable for a desired application as necessary. It can be cut into shapes.
- the resin film (X) preferably has reverse wavelength dispersion. That is, it is preferable that the resin film (X) has a wavelength dispersion exhibiting a high in-plane retardation for transmitted light having a longer wavelength than a short wavelength.
- the resin film (X) preferably has such reverse wavelength dispersion in at least a part of the visible light band, preferably all. Since the liquid crystal resin film has reverse wavelength dispersion, the function can be expressed uniformly in a wide band in optical applications such as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate or a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate.
- liquid crystal composition containing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound such as the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound the same materials as those described above as the material of the optically anisotropic layer can be used.
- the resin film (X) can be used for optical applications such as a retardation plate, and in particular, can be used as a wavelength plate such as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate or a ⁇ / 2 wavelength plate. In particular, it can be preferably used as a component of the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) described below.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) includes a resin film (X).
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) may be composed only of the resin film (X). That is, the liquid crystal resin film formed on the base film can be peeled off from the base material and cut into a desired shape according to the application such as a rectangle, and used as the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X).
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) may further include a base material in addition to the resin film (X). That is, the laminate of the base material and the liquid crystal resin film may be used as it is as the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) without peeling off the liquid crystal resin film formed on the base film from the base material.
- the substrate can be made to have a small optical anisotropy while having a high orientation regulating force imparted by stretching by selecting a preferable material such as an alicyclic structure-containing polymer or a cellulose ester. Therefore, the laminate including such a substrate can be used as it is as the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X).
- ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) may have other arbitrary layers as required.
- optional layers include adhesive layers for adhering to other members, mat layers for improving film slipperiness, hard coat layers such as impact-resistant polymethacrylate resin layers, antireflection layers, antifouling layers, etc. Is mentioned.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) can be preferably used as a component of the circularly polarizing plate (X) described below.
- the circularly polarizing plate (X) includes a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X).
- the circularly polarizing plate (X) can include a linear polarizer in addition to the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X).
- linear polarizer a known polarizer used in an apparatus such as a liquid crystal display device can be used.
- linear polarizers are those obtained by adsorbing iodine or dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film and then uniaxially stretching in a boric acid bath, and iodine or dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film.
- examples thereof include those obtained by adsorbing and stretching and further modifying a part of the polyvinyl alcohol unit in the molecular chain into a polyvinylene unit.
- linear polarizer examples include a polarizer having a function of separating polarized light into reflected light and transmitted light, such as a grid polarizer, a multilayer polarizer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal polarizer. Of these, a polarizer containing polyvinyl alcohol is preferred.
- the degree of polarization of the polarizer used for the circularly polarizing plate (X) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 99% or more.
- the average thickness of the polarizer is preferably 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 137.5 nm or a value close thereto, specifically, 100 to 150 nm.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 wave plate (X) and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer is 45 ° or an angle close thereto, specifically 40 to 50 °. It is preferable that By having such a phase difference and an angle, it can be set as a circularly-polarizing plate useful for the use of the component of a liquid crystal display device.
- One of the uses of the circularly polarizing plate (X) having such a configuration is a use as an antireflection film of a display device having an organic EL element. That is, by providing the circularly polarizing plate (X) having such a structure on the surface of the display device so that the surface on the linear polarizer side faces the viewing side, light incident from the outside of the device is reflected in the device. As a result, it is possible to suppress emission to the outside of the device, and as a result, it is possible to suppress an undesired decrease such as glare of the display surface of the display device.
- circularly polarized light includes elliptically polarized light as long as it substantially exhibits an antireflection function.
- Circularly polarized light is reflected by a component that reflects light in the device (a reflective electrode in an organic EL element, etc.) and passes through the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate again, thereby orthogonal to the polarization axis of the incident linearly polarized light. Becomes linearly polarized light having a polarization axis, and does not pass through the linear polarizer. Thereby, the function of antireflection is achieved.
- the circularly polarizing plate (X) can also have arbitrary components similar to those that the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) can have.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X) and the circularly polarizing plate (X) can be used as components of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device.
- a display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device.
- an example of a preferable embodiment is an organic EL display device (X) including a circularly polarizing plate (X).
- the organic EL display device (X) can include a circularly polarizing plate (X) as an antireflection film as described above in a display device having an organic EL element as a display element.
- the resin film (X) can be used as a retardation plate such as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X), the retardation is uniformly expressed in the surface, can be efficiently manufactured, and defects due to the generation of foreign matter are present. A small resin film can be obtained. Moreover, according to the method (X), the resin film (X) can be produced efficiently. In particular, when a substrate having a birefringence ⁇ n of 0.000050 or more is used as the substrate, the orientation regulating force can be expressed particularly well.
- a resin film (X) having reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics Furthermore, by using a reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound as a material of the cured liquid crystal molecule and making a resin film (X) having reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics, the production efficiency by oblique stretching is increased in the slow axis direction.
- a resin film (X) having a high level of flexibility in setting, uniformity of in-plane characteristics, few defects due to foreign matters, and usefulness due to reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics can be obtained.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (X), the circularly polarizing plate (X), and the organic EL display device (X) have uniform characteristics, can be efficiently manufactured, and have few defects due to the generation of foreign matter. It can be set as a wave plate, a circularly-polarizing plate, and an organic electroluminescent display apparatus.
- the transmittance was measured using a spectrophotometer “V7200” manufactured by JASCO Corporation and an automatic polarizing film measuring device “VAP-7070S”, and evaluated according to the following criteria. Excellent: Cross Nicol transmittance at the bottom wavelength is 0.010% or less. Good: Cross Nicol transmittance at the bottom wavelength is more than 0.010% and 0.020% or less. Good: Cross Nicol transmittance at the bottom wavelength is more than 0.020% and 0.030% or less. Impossible: Cross Nicol transmittance at the bottom wavelength exceeds 0.030%.
- the liquid crystal resin layer was observed using a polarizing microscope and evaluated according to the following criteria depending on the presence or absence of line defects in the liquid crystal resin layer.
- the line defect means an alignment defect extending linearly as shown in FIG. Good: No line defects.
- Defect There is a line defect.
- optically anisotropic layer was observed using a polarizing microscope, and the presence or absence of bright spots and foreign matters in the optically anisotropic layer was visually evaluated. Good: Less than 5 bright spots and foreign objects per square meter. Defect: 6 or more bright spots and foreign objects per square meter.
- the circularly polarizing plate was placed on a diffuse reflector (trade name “Metal Me TS50”, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., aluminum vapor-deposited PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film), and the front contrast and viewing angle characteristics were evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the front contrast was visually observed from the front (that is, from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the circularly polarizing plate) and evaluated based on the observed reflected color. When the reflected color was particularly black, it was evaluated as “A” (particularly good), when it was black, “B” (good), and when the reflected color was bright and blue, it was evaluated as “C” (bad).
- the viewing angle characteristics were evaluated based on the reflected color, brightness, and color unevenness when visually observed from the front and when visually observed from an oblique 45 °.
- Evaluation is “A” (especially good) when there is no change in reflected color and brightness when observed from the front and when observed from 45 ° obliquely, and when color unevenness is not observed when observed from 45 ° obliquely. did.
- Evaluation is “B” (good) when there is no change in reflected color and brightness when observed from the front and when observed from 45 ° obliquely, and when color unevenness is hardly seen when observed from 45 ° obliquely. did.
- Example 1 (1-1. Preparation of first substrate)
- the base material (A) before stretching is drawn from the roll of the base material (A) before stretching obtained in Production Example 1, and the masking film is continuously peeled and supplied to the tenter stretching machine. Is obliquely stretched so as to be 15 ° with respect to the width direction (75 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction), and further, both ends in the width direction of the base film are trimmed, and the first is long with a width of 1350 mm.
- Substrate (A-1) was obtained.
- the obtained first substrate (A-1) had an Re of 265 nm and a film thickness of 40 ⁇ m.
- the obtained first base material (A-1) was rolled up while being protected with a new masking film (FF1025, manufactured by Treteger) to obtain a roll of the first base material (A-1).
- FF1025 new masking film
- the value of ⁇ n calculated by (Re (nm)) / (film thickness ( ⁇ m) ⁇ 1000) was 0.006625.
- the first substrate (A-1) was fed out from the roll of the first substrate (A-1) obtained in (1-1), and the masking film was peeled off and conveyed.
- the liquid crystal composition (A) obtained in Production Example 4 was applied to one surface (the surface on which the masking film was bonded) of the first substrate (A-1) to be conveyed. Then, it was directly applied using a die coater to form a liquid crystal composition layer.
- the liquid crystal composition layer on the first substrate (A-1) obtained in (1-2) was subjected to an alignment treatment at 110 ° C. for 2.5 minutes. Thereafter, under a nitrogen atmosphere, the layer of the liquid crystal composition is irradiated with ultraviolet rays having an accumulated illuminance of 100 mJ / cm 2 (irradiation intensity of 10 mW / cm 2 for an irradiation time of 10 seconds) or more, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition Was polymerized to form cured liquid crystal molecules.
- a homogeneously oriented optically anisotropic layer having a dry film thickness of 1.1 ⁇ m was obtained, and a multilayer film having a layer configuration of (first substrate) / (optically anisotropic layer) was obtained.
- Example 2 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film.
- the coating thickness of the liquid crystal composition was changed, and the dry film thickness of the optically anisotropic layer obtained in (1-3) was 2.0 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film. -The direction of stretching in (1-1) is changed, and oblique stretching is performed so that the slow axis of the base film is 22.5 ° with respect to the width direction (67.5 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction). went.
- the liquid crystal composition (B) obtained in Production Example 5 was used in place of the liquid crystal composition (A).
- the temperature of the alignment treatment was changed to 115 ° C.
- the coating thickness of the liquid crystal composition was changed, and the dry film thickness of the optically anisotropic layer obtained in (1-3) was 2.2 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film. -The direction of stretching in (1-1) was changed, and oblique stretching was performed so that the slow axis of the base film was 45 ° with respect to the width direction (45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction).
- Example 5 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film. -The direction of stretching in (1-1) was changed, and oblique stretching was performed so that the slow axis of the base film was 45 ° with respect to the width direction (45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction).
- the liquid crystal composition (B) obtained in Production Example 5 was used in place of the liquid crystal composition (A).
- the temperature of the alignment treatment was changed to 115 ° C.
- the coating thickness of the liquid crystal composition was changed, and the dry film thickness of the optically anisotropic layer obtained in (1-3) was 2.1 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film.
- the base material (C) before stretching obtained in Production Example 3 was used in place of the base material (A) before stretching.
- the direction of stretching in (1-1) was changed, and oblique stretching was performed so that the slow axis of the base film was 45 ° with respect to the width direction (45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction).
- the liquid crystal composition (B) obtained in Production Example 5 was used in place of the liquid crystal composition (A).
- the temperature of the alignment treatment was changed to 115 ° C.
- the coating thickness of the liquid crystal composition was changed, and the dry film thickness of the optically anisotropic layer obtained in (1-3) was 2.2 ⁇ m.
- Example 7 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film.
- the base material (B) before stretching obtained in Production Example 2 was used instead of the base material (A) before stretching.
- the direction of stretching in (1-1) was changed, and transverse stretching was performed so that the slow axis of the base film was 0 ° with respect to the width direction (90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction).
- Example 8 Except for the following items, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain and evaluate the first base material and the multilayer film.
- a long TAC (triacetylcellulose) film (manufactured by Konica Minolta, thickness 80 ⁇ m, width 1490 mm, glass transition temperature 107 ° C.) is used instead of the base material (A) before stretching. It was. -The direction of stretching in (1-1) was changed, and oblique stretching was performed so that the slow axis of the base film was 45 ° with respect to the width direction (45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction). In (1-2), the orientation treatment temperature was lowered and changed to 90 ° C. to avoid deformation of the TAC film.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- Tables 1 and 2 show the results of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 9 (9-1. Manufacture of circularly polarizing plates) A circularly polarizing plate was produced using the optically anisotropic layer of the multilayer film obtained in Example 6 as a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate.
- a polarizing film (trade name “HLC2-5618S”, manufactured by Sanlitz Co., Ltd., thickness 180 ⁇ m, direction 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction (direction 0 ° with respect to the width direction) ) Having a transmission axis.
- This one surface and the surface of the multilayer film obtained in Example 6 on the optically anisotropic layer (that is, ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate) side were bonded.
- Pasting was performed via an adhesive layer (manufactured by Nitto Denko, trade name “CS9621”). As a result, a laminate (9-i) having a layer configuration of (polarizer) / (adhesive layer) / ( ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate) / (first base material) was obtained. Next, the first substrate was peeled from the laminate (9-i) to obtain a circularly polarizing plate having a layer configuration of (polarizer) / (adhesive layer) / ( ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate). . All of these bonding and peeling operations were continuously performed by roll-to-roll. Therefore, the operation of pasting was performed in a state where the longitudinal direction of the long film was aligned.
- the optical axes of the components of the obtained circularly polarizing plate had the following angular relationship. That is, when the circularly polarizing plate was observed from the surface on the polarizer side, the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate was shifted 45 ° clockwise from the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate.
- the long circular polarizing plate obtained in (9-1) was cut into an appropriate size and evaluated by visual observation. Furthermore, the surface of the circularly polarizing plate on the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate side and the reflecting surface of a reflecting plate (trade name “Metal Me TS50”, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., aluminum vapor-deposited PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film) were bonded. Pasting was performed via an adhesive layer (manufactured by Nitto Denko, trade name “CS9621”). Thus, an evaluation laminate (9-v) having a layer configuration of (polarizer) / (adhesive layer) / ( ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate) / (adhesive layer) / (reflector) was obtained. .
- the reflectance of light incident on the surface on the polarizer side was measured.
- a spectrophotometer V7200 and an absolute reflectance unit VAR7020 manufactured by JASCO Corporation were used.
- the polar angle was varied in the range of 5 ° to 60 °.
- the azimuth angle was set to 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, and 135 ° clockwise from the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate when the circularly polarizing plate was observed from the surface on the polarizer side. The results are shown in FIG.
- Examples 10 to 12 As a multilayer film, instead of the one obtained in Example 6, the one obtained in Example 4 (Example 10), the one obtained in Example 5 (Example 11) or the one obtained in Example 8 ( A circularly polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in (9-1) of Example 9 except that Example 12) was used. The angular relationship of the optical axes of the components of the obtained circularly polarizing plate was the same as that of the circularly polarizing plate obtained in Example 9. The obtained long circularly polarizing plate was cut into an appropriate size and evaluated by visual observation.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of visual observation in Examples 9 to 12.
- each of the slow axis of the substrate and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal resin film was measured using AxoScan (manufactured by Axometrics), and the angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the reference line on the substrate, and The angle formed by the orientation direction of the liquid crystal resin film and the reference line on the liquid crystal resin film was determined. From these angles, the deviation between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal resin film and the slow axis direction of the substrate was determined.
- Step (1-1) Preparation of base material before stretching of resin having alicyclic structure
- a pellet of thermoplastic norbornene resin manufactured by Zeon Corporation, trade name “ZEONOR1420R” was dried at 90 ° C. for 5 hours. The dried pellets are supplied to an extruder, melted in the extruder, passed through a polymer pipe and a polymer filter, extruded from a T-die onto a casting drum, cooled, wound, wound, and stretched with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m and a width of 1490 mm. A roll of front substrate was obtained.
- the base material before stretching obtained in the step (1-1) is pulled out from a roll, supplied to a tenter stretching machine, stretched so that the orientation angle of the film becomes 45 ° with respect to the winding direction, and further the film width Both ends in the hand direction were trimmed, wound up, and a long stretched base roll having a width of 1350 mm was obtained.
- Re of the obtained stretched substrate was 69.3 nm
- the film thickness was 75 ⁇ m
- the value of ⁇ n calculated by (Re (nm)) / (film thickness ( ⁇ m) ⁇ 1000) was 0.000923.
- 21.25 parts of the reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (B1) of Production Example 5 surfactant (trade name “Surflon S420”, manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.11 part, polymerization initiator ( A product name “IRGACURE379” (manufactured by BASF) 0.64 part and a solvent (cyclopentanone, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 78.00 parts were mixed to prepare a liquid crystal composition.
- surfactant trade name “Surflon S420”, manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- polymerization initiator A product name “IRGACURE379” (manufactured by BASF) 0.64 part
- a solvent cyclopentanone, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- the stretched substrate prepared in the step (1-2) is pulled out from the roll and conveyed, and the liquid crystal composition prepared in the step (1-3) is applied to one surface of the stretched substrate using a die coater.
- a layer of the composition was formed.
- a film layer was obtained. Note that AxoScan (manufactured by Axometrics) was used for confirmation of homogeneous orientation.
- the slow axis direction of the liquid crystal resin film layer was measured, and then Re for each incident angle in the slow axis direction was measured every 10 ° in a range of incident angles from ⁇ 70 ° to 70 °.
- the measurement wavelength was 550 nm. If the negative incident angle Re and the positive incident angle Re are approximately symmetrical about an incident angle of 0 °, it can be said that the orientation is homogeneous. It was confirmed that the obtained liquid crystal resin film was symmetrical with Re at each incident angle centered around 0 ° and was homogeneously oriented.
- Step (1-5) Evaluation
- the deviation between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal resin film obtained in the step (1-4) and the slow axis direction of the substrate was less than 1 °.
- the orientation degree and the amount of foreign matter of the obtained liquid crystal resin film were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Step (4-1) Preparation of stretched triacetyl cellulose substrate
- a roll of a long triacetyl cellulose film (manufactured by Konica Minolta, thickness 80 ⁇ m, width 1490 mm) was prepared and used as a base material before stretching.
- the base material before stretching is pulled out from the roll, supplied to a tenter stretching machine, and stretched at a stretching temperature of 155 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.01 so that the orientation angle of the film is 45 ° with respect to the winding direction. Further, both ends in the width direction of the film were trimmed, wound, and a long stretched base roll having a width of 1350 mm was obtained.
- the stretched substrate thus obtained had Re of 14 nm and a film thickness of 79 ⁇ m, and the value of ⁇ n calculated by (Re (nm)) / (film thickness ( ⁇ m) ⁇ 1000) was 0.000078.
- Step (4-2): Preparation of liquid crystal composition 24.15 parts of polymerizable liquid crystal compound (trade name “LC242” manufactured by BASF Corporation, compound represented by formula (A1) of Production Example 4), surfactant (trade name “Futgent FTX-209F”, manufactured by Neos) 0.12 parts, 0.73 parts of a polymerization initiator (trade name “IRGACURE379”, manufactured by BASF) and 75.00 parts of a solvent (cyclopentyl methyl ether, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) are mixed to prepare a liquid crystal composition. did.
- polymerizable liquid crystal compound trade name “LC242” manufactured by BASF Corporation, compound represented by formula (A1) of Production Example 4
- surfactant trade name “Futgent FTX-209F”, manufactured by Neos
- 0.12 parts 0.73 parts of a polymerization initiator (trade name “IRGACURE379”, manufactured by BASF)
- a solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether, manufactured by
- Step (4-3) Formation of liquid crystal resin film
- the stretched substrate prepared in the step (4-1) is pulled out from the roll and conveyed, and the liquid crystal composition prepared in the step (4-2) is applied to one surface of the stretched substrate using a die coater.
- a layer of the composition was formed.
- the liquid crystal composition layer was subjected to an alignment treatment at 110 ° C. for 2.5 minutes, and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 100 mJ / cm 2 or more in an N 2 atmosphere to obtain a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal resin film layer having a dry film thickness of 2 ⁇ m. .
- the homogenous orientation was confirmed by the same method as the confirmation method in the step (1-4) of Reference Example 1.
- Reverse wavelength Reverse wavelength dispersion polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (B1)
- LC242 Polymerizable liquid crystal compound (trade name “LC242” manufactured by BASF Corp., compound represented by formula (A1))
- S420 Surfactant (trade name “Surflon S420”, manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- 209F Surfactant (trade name “Futtergent FTX-209F”, manufactured by Neos)
- Irg379 polymerization initiator (trade name “IRGACURE379”, manufactured by BASF)
- CPN cyclopentanone, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- CPME cyclopentyl methyl ether, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- COP resin having an alicyclic structure (thermoplastic norbornene resin, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., trade name “ZEONOR1420R”)
- TAC Triacetyl cellulose film (manufactured by Konica Minolta)
- the liquid crystal resin films of Reference Examples 1 to 6 are good quality films that have a good orientation in the oblique direction and have a smaller amount of foreign matter than that of Reference Comparative Example 1. And was able to.
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Abstract
Description
このような液晶相を呈しうる化合物を配向させる方法としては、基材の表面に配向規制力を付与し、その上に液晶相を呈しうる化合物を含む組成物を塗布し、さらに配向に適した条件に置くことが一般的に行なわれる。基材の表面に配向規制力を付与する方法の例としては、ラビングによる方法(例えば特許文献2~4)、及び光配向(例えば特許文献5~6)による方法が挙げられる。また、基材として延伸処理を施されたフィルムを用いることにより、液晶化合物をフィルム上に配向させる方法も知られていた(例えば特許文献7~9)。
本発明の別の目的は、効率的に製造でき、且つ異物の発生による欠陥が少ない、円偏光板及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置を提供することにある。
すなわち、本発明によれば、以下のものが提供される。
前記第一の基材上に直接形成された、硬化液晶分子を含む光学異方性層とを備える複層フィルムであって、
前記第一の基材は、延伸により生じた配向規制力を有し、
前記第一の基材の遅相軸と、前記第一の基材の長手方向とが異なる、複層フィルム。
〔2〕 前記第一の基材の遅相軸と前記第一の基材の長手方向とがなす角度が10°~90°である、〔1〕に記載の複層フィルム。
〔3〕 前記第一の基材の遅相軸と前記第一の基材の長手方向とがなす角度が40°~50°である、〔2〕に記載の複層フィルム。
〔4〕 前記第一の基材が正の固有複屈折性を有する樹脂のフィルムである、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔5〕 前記第一の基材が脂環式構造含有重合体を含む樹脂のフィルム、又はセルロースエステルのフィルムである、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔6〕 前記第一の基材が、横延伸もしくは斜め延伸された延伸フィルムである、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔7〕 前記光学異方性層が逆波長分散性を有する、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔8〕 前記光学異方性層がλ/4波長板である、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔9〕 前記光学異方性層がλ/2波長板である、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔10〕 前記光学異方性層の厚みが5μm以下である、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔11〕 前記光学異方性層の前記硬化液晶分子が、前記第一の基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を有する、〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔12〕 前記第一の基材上での前記光学異方性層の形成が、
重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を、前記第一の基材上に塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成し、
前記層における前記重合性液晶化合物を、前記第一の基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ってホモジニアス配向させ、
前記重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、前記硬化液晶分子を形成する
ことを含む、〔1〕~〔11〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔13〕 前記第一の基材の複屈折Δnが0.000050以上である、〔1〕~〔12〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
〔14〕 〔1〕~〔13〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルムから、光学異方性層を剥離し、
前記光学異方性層を、長尺状の第二の基材に貼合してなる、光学異方性積層体。
〔15〕 光学異方性層と、長尺状の直線偏光子とをロールツーロールで貼合してなる円偏光板であって、
前記光学異方性層が、〔1〕~〔13〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルムから剥離してなる層である、円偏光板。
〔16〕 〔15〕に記載の円偏光板を備える有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置。
〔17〕 〔1〕~〔13〕のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルムの製造方法であって、
長尺状の第一の基材を長手方向に繰出す工程であって、前記第一の基材は延伸により生じた配向規制力を有し、前記第一の基材の遅相軸と、前記第一の基材の長手方向とが異なる、工程(I)、
繰出した前記第一の基材の表面上に、直接、重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を塗布し、液晶組成物の層を得る工程(II)、
前記液晶組成物の層中の前記重合性液晶化合物を配向させる工程(III)、及び
前記重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、硬化液晶分子を形成する工程(IV)を含む製造方法。
〔18〕 前記液晶組成物の塗布方向と、前記重合性液晶化合物の配向とが異なる、〔17〕に記載の複層フィルムの製造方法。
前記基材は、その幅手方向と異なる方向に遅相軸を有し、
前記硬化液晶分子は、前記基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を有する、樹脂フィルム。
〔20〕 〔19〕に記載の樹脂フィルムであって、
前記基材上での前記樹脂フィルムの形成が、
重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を、前記基材上に塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成し、
前記層における前記重合性液晶化合物を、前記基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ってホモジニアス配向させ、
前記重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、前記硬化液晶分子を形成する
ことを含む、樹脂フィルム。
〔21〕 〔19〕又は〔20〕に記載の樹脂フィルムであって、
前記基材の複屈折Δnが0.000050以上である、樹脂フィルム。
〔22〕 〔19〕~〔21〕のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂フィルムであって、
逆波長分散特性を有する、樹脂フィルム。
〔23〕 〔19〕~〔22〕のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂フィルムであって、
前記基材が、脂環式構造含有重合体を含む樹脂またはセルロースエステルのフィルムである、樹脂フィルム。
〔24〕 〔19〕~〔23〕のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂フィルムを備えるλ/4波長板。
〔25〕 〔24〕に記載のλ/4波長板であって、
前記基材をさらに備える、λ/4波長板。
〔26〕 〔24〕又は〔25〕に記載のλ/4波長板を備える円偏光板。
〔27〕 〔26〕に記載の円偏光板を備える有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置。
〔28〕 硬化液晶分子を含む樹脂フィルムの製造方法であって、
重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を、基材上に塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成し、
前記層における前記重合性液晶化合物を、前記基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ってホモジニアス配向させ、
前記重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、前記硬化液晶分子を形成する
ことを含み、
前記基材は、長尺状の基材であり、且つその幅手方向と異なる方向に遅相軸を有し、
前記硬化液晶分子は、前記基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を有する
製造方法。
さらに、硬化液晶分子の材料として、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物を用い、逆波長分散特性を有する光学異方性層を形成することにより、斜め延伸による製造の効率の高さ、遅相軸方向の設定の自由度の高さ、面内における特性の均一さ、異物による欠陥の少なさ、及び逆波長分散特性による有用性を高レベルで兼ね備えた光学材料を提供しうる。
本願において、「偏光板」、「λ/2波長板」、「λ/4波長板」及び「位相差板」といった板状の形状を有する部材は、剛直な部材に限られるものではなく、フィルム状の、可撓性を有するものとしうる。
本発明の複層フィルムは、長尺状の第一の基材と、第一の基材上に直接形成された、硬化液晶分子を含む光学異方性層とを備える。
本発明において用いる第一の基材は、長尺状の基材である。本願において「長尺状」とは、幅に対して、少なくとも5倍以上の長さを有する形状をいい、好ましくは10倍若しくはそれ以上の長さを有し、具体的にはロール状に巻き取られて保管又は運搬される程度の長さを有するフィルムの形状をいう。
また、本願において、基材の遅相軸方向を表現する角度は、別に断らない場合は、基材の幅手方向を基準とし、これに対する角度で表現している。
また、ある態様において、第一の基材の遅相軸と第一の基材の長手方向とがなす角度が、30°~80°であることが好ましく、40°~50°であることが特に好ましい。このような角度関係とすることにより、本発明の複層フィルムを、特定の円偏光板の効率的な製造を可能にする材料とすることができる。具体的には、直線偏光子と、一枚の位相差板とを有する円偏光板の効率的な製造が可能となる。
より具体的には、第一の基材の遅相軸と第一の基材の長手方向とがなす角度を、好ましくは15°±5°、45°±5°、67.5±5°、75°±5°、より好ましくは15°±4°、45°±4°、67.5±4°、75°±4°、さらにより好ましくは15°±3°、45°±3°、67.5°±3°、75°±3°といった特定の範囲とすることにより、本発明の複層フィルムを、特定の円偏光板の効率的な製造を可能にする材料とすることができる。
脂環式構造としては、例えば、シクロアルカン構造、シクロアルケン構造等が挙げられるが、熱安定性等の観点からシクロアルカン構造が好ましい。
1つの脂環式構造の繰り返し単位を構成する炭素数に特に制限はないが、通常4~30個、好ましくは5~20個、より好ましくは6~15個である。
脂環式構造を有する繰り返し単位が過度に少ないと、フィルムの耐熱性が低下するおそれがある。
これらの中でも、透明性や成形性の観点から、ノルボルネン重合体及びこれらの水素添加物がより好ましい。
これらの中でも、透明性の観点から、ノルボルネンモノマーの開環重合体水素添加物が最も好ましい。
上記の脂環式構造含有重合体は、例えば特開2002-321302号公報等に開示されている公知の重合体から選ばれる。
ガラス転移温度がこのような範囲にある脂環式構造含有重合体は、高温下での使用における変形や応力が生じることがなく耐久性に優れる。
重量平均分子量がこのような範囲にあるときに、フィルムの機械的強度及び成形加工性が高度にバランスされ好適である。
オリゴマー成分の量が前記範囲内にあると、表面における微細な凸部の発生が減少し、厚みむらが小さくなり面精度が向上する。
オリゴマー成分の量を低減するためには、重合触媒や水素化触媒の選択、重合、水素化等の反応条件、樹脂を成形用材料としてペレット化する工程における温度条件、等を最適化すればよい。
オリゴマーの成分量は、前述のGPCによって測定することができる。
脂環式構造含有重合体を含む樹脂の好適な具体例としては、日本ゼオン社製「ゼオノア1420、ゼオノア1420R」を挙げうる。
このような第一の基材は、上記の材料からなるものなどのフィルムを延伸し、光学異方性を付与することにより調製しうる。延伸する方向は、光学異方性層に求められる所望の配向方向に応じて適宜設定しうる。延伸は、斜め延伸のみでもよく、横延伸(第一の基材の幅手方向への延伸)のみでもよく、斜め延伸と、縦延伸(第一の基材の長手方向への延伸)及び/又は横延伸とを組み合わせて行ってもよい。延伸倍率は、基材表面に配向規制力が生じる範囲で適宜設定しうる。第一の基材が正の固有複屈折性を有する樹脂を材料として用いた場合、延伸方向に分子が配向して延伸方向に遅相軸が発現する。
第一の基材の面内方向の位相差Reは、好ましくは30nm以上、より好ましくは50nm以上であり、一方好ましくは500nm以下であり、より好ましくは300nm以下である。第一の基材の複屈折Δnの下限は、好ましくは0.000050以上、より好ましくは0.000070以上であり、一方、第一の基材の複屈折Δnの上限は好ましくは0.007500以下、より好ましくは0.007000以下である。特に、第一の基材の材料として、上に述べた脂環式構造含有重合体を含む樹脂又はトリアセチルセルロースを含む樹脂を用い、当該範囲内の光学特性を付与することにより、第一の基材の厚み方向全体に亘って分子ダイレクターが略均一に配向し、良好な配向規制力を第一の基材表面に与えることができる。延伸は、テンター延伸機などの既知の延伸機を用いて行いうる。
一方、ラビング処理の場合、基材の表面層にしか配向規制力を与えることができず、光配向膜を使用する場合も、配向膜層の薄膜表面層にしか配向規制力を与えることができない。表面層にのみ発現した配向規制力は、経時と共に環境の影響(熱、光、酸素など)により緩和し、光学異方性層の形成時に配向欠陥をより発生させうる。
本発明の複層フィルムは、第一の基材上に直接形成された、硬化液晶分子を含む光学異方性層を備える。
第一の基材上への、光学異方性層の「直接」の形成とは、第一の基材の表面に、他の層を介さずに光学異方性層を形成することである。延伸により生じた配向規制力を有する第一の基材を採用し、且つ、光学異方性層がその上に直接形成されたものであることにより、所望の方向に遅相軸を有する光学異方性層を、ラビングにより生じる発塵、キズの発生や異物の混入が無い状態で得ることができる。その結果、配向における欠陥の少ない光学異方性層とすることができる。具体的には、光学異方性層を顕微鏡観察した場合に見られるキズや異物が少なく、線欠陥等の配向欠陥の少ない光学異方性層とすることができる。
工程(I):上に述べた特定の長尺状の第一の基材を長手方向に繰出す工程、
工程(II):繰り出した第一の基材上に、直接、重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成する工程、
工程(III):液晶組成物の層における重合性液晶化合物を配向させる工程、及び
工程(IV):重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、硬化液晶分子を形成する工程
を含む方法により行いうる。
本発明の複層フィルムにおいて、硬化液晶分子は、第一の基材の遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿った配向規則性を有しうる。
硬化液晶分子は、好ましくは、第一の基材の遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を有しうる。ここで、「ホモジニアス配向規則性を有する」とは、硬化液晶分子のメソゲンの長軸方向をフィルム面に投影して得られる線の平均方向が、フィルム面に水平なある一の方向(例えば基材フィルムの表面ダイレクターの方向)に整列することをいう。さらに、ある所定の方向に「沿った」ホモジニアス配向規則性とは、当該整列方向が、前記所定の方向に略一致することをいう。例えば、前記所定の方向とは、基材フィルムの表面ダイレクターの方向や基材フィルムの遅相軸方向である。硬化液晶分子がホモジニアス配向規則性を有しているか否か、及びその整列方向は、AxoScan(Axometrics社製)に代表されるような位相差計を用いた遅相軸方向の測定と、遅相軸方向における入射角毎のレターデーション分布の測定とにより確認しうる。
光学異方性層の形状並びに長さ及び幅は、第一の基材と同様の長尺状のフィルム状の形状とすることができ、これを、必要に応じて所望の用途に適合した矩形などの形状に裁断することができる。
Re=(nx-ny)×d(式中、nxは、光学異方性層の面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率(面内の最大屈折率)であり、nyは、光学異方性層の面内の遅相軸に垂直な方向の屈折率であり、dは、光学異方性層の厚み(nm)である。)光学異方性層が、このようなλ/4波長板又はλ/2波長板である場合、それを利用して、λ/4波長板又はλ/2波長板を有する円偏光板等の光学素子を容易に製造しうる。
本発明の複層フィルムの製造に用いうる、重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物(以下において、当該組成物を、「組成物(A)」と略称する場合がある。)について説明する。
また、本願において、組成物(A)の成分であって、重合性を有する化合物(重合性液晶化合物及びその他の重合性を有する化合物等)を総称して単に「重合性化合物」ということがある。
重合性液晶化合物としては、重合性基を有する液晶化合物、側鎖型液晶ポリマーを形成しうる化合物、円盤状液晶性化合物などが挙げられる。重合性基を有する液晶化合物としては、例えば、特開平11-513360号公報、特開2002-030042号公報、特開2004-204190号公報、特開2005-263789号公報、特開2007-119415号公報、特開2007-186430号公報などに記載された重合性基を有する棒状液晶化合物などが挙げられる。また、側鎖型液晶ポリマー化合物としては、例えば、特開2003-177242号公報などに記載の側鎖型液晶ポリマー化合物などが挙げられる。また、好ましい液晶化合物の例を製品名で挙げると、BASF社製「LC242」等が挙げられる。円盤状液晶性化合物の具体例としては、特開平8-50206号公報、文献(C. Destrade et al., Mol. Crysr. Liq. Cryst., vol. 71, page 111 (1981) ;日本化学会編、季刊化学総説、No.22、液晶の化学、第5章、第10章第2節(1994);B. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., page 1794 (1985);J. Zhang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 116, page 2655 (1994))に記載されている。これらの液晶化合物及び以下に説明する逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
重合性液晶化合物の一部又は全部として、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物を用いうる。逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物を用いることにより、逆波長分散性を有する光学異方性層を容易に得ることができる。
逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物の例としては、下記式(I)で示される化合物(以下において「化合物(I)」という場合がある。)を挙げることができる。
R1の炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-へキシル基等が挙げられる。
R1としては、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
炭素数1~20の二価の脂肪族基としては、炭素数1~20のアルキレン基、炭素数2~20のアルケニレン基等の鎖状構造を有する二価の脂肪族基;炭素数3~20のシクロアルカンジイル基、炭素数4~20のシクロアルケンジイル基、炭素数10~30の二価の脂環式縮合環基等の二価の脂肪族基;等が挙げられる。
前記脂肪族基に介在する基としては、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-C(=O)-が好ましい。
該アルケニル基の炭素数としては、2~6が好ましい。Z1及びZ2のアルケニル基の置換基であるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられ、塩素原子が好ましい。
本発明において、「芳香環」は、Huckel則に従う広義の芳香族性を有する環状構造、すなわち、π電子を(4n+2)個有する環状共役構造、及びチオフェン、フラン、ベンゾチアゾール等に代表される、硫黄、酸素、窒素等のヘテロ原子の孤立電子対がπ電子系に関与して芳香族性を示すものを意味する。
なお、Axの炭素数2~30の有機基の「炭素数」は、置換基の炭素原子を含まない有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する(後述するAyにて同じである。)。
(1)芳香族炭化水素環基
(3)芳香族炭化水素環基及び芳香族複素環基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、アルキル基
なお、Axの炭素数2~30の有機基の「炭素数」は、置換基の炭素原子を含まない有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する(後述するAyにて同じである。)。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基の炭素数は、2~12であることが好ましい。
R4の、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、及び炭素数2~20のアルケニル基の具体例は、前記Ayの、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基の例として列記したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
Ayの、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基の置換基としては、フッ素原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基が好ましい。
また、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。かかる置換基としては、Axが有する芳香環の置換基として例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
(α)Axが炭素数4~30の、芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基であり、Ayが水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基であり、当該置換基が、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基で置換された炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、炭素数2~12の環状エーテル基、炭素数6~14のアリールオキシ基、水酸基、ベンゾジオキサニル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、ベンゾイル基、-SR10のいずれかである組み合わせ、及び、
(β)AxとAyが一緒になって不飽和複素環又は不飽和炭素環を形成しているもの、
が挙げられる。ここで、R10は前記と同じ意味を表す。
(γ)Axが下記構造を有する基のいずれかであり、Ayが水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基であり、当該置換基が、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基で置換された炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、炭素数2~12の環状エーテル基、炭素数6~14のアリールオキシ基、水酸基、ベンゾジオキサニル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、ベンゾイル基、-SR10のいずれかである組み合わせである。ここで、R10は前記と同じ意味を表す。
AxとAyの特に好ましい組み合わせとしては、
(δ)Axが下記構造を有する基のいずれかであり、Ayが水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、(ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数3~9の芳香族複素環基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基であり、当該置換基が、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基で置換された炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、フェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、炭素数2~12の環状エーテル基、炭素数6~14のアリールオキシ基、水酸基、ベンゾジオキサニル基、ベンゼンスルホニル基、ベンゾイル基、-SR10のいずれかである組合せである。下記式中、Xは前記と同じ意味を表す。ここで、R10は前記と同じ意味を表す。
なお、下記式においては、結合状態をより明確にすべく、置換基Y1、Y2を便宜上記載している(Y1、Y2は、前記と同じ意味を表す。以下にて同じ。)。
炭素数3~30の二価の脂環式炭化水素基としては、炭素数3~30のシクロアルカンジイル基、炭素数10~30の二価の脂環式縮合環基等が挙げられる。
前記炭素数3~30の二価の脂環式炭化水素基は、Y1、Y3(又はY2、Y4)と結合する炭素原子の立体配置の相違に基づく、シス型、トランス型の立体異性体が存在し得る。例えば、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル基の場合には、下記に示すように、シス型の異性体(A32a)とトランス型の異性体(A32b)が存在し得る。
A4、A5の芳香族基は単環のものであっても、多環のものであってもよい。
A4、A5の好ましい具体例としては、下記のものが挙げられる。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、前記AXで例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、Q1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子及びメチル基がより好ましい。
組成物(A)は、任意の成分として、重合性モノマーを含有しうる。本願において、「重合性モノマー」とは、重合能を有しモノマーとして働きうる化合物のうち、特に、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物以外の化合物をいう。
重合性モノマーとしては、例えば、1分子当たり1以上の重合性基を有するものを用いうる。そのような重合性基を有することにより、光学異方性層の形成に際し重合を達成することができる。重合性モノマーが1分子当たり2以上の重合性基を有する架橋性モノマーである場合、架橋的な重合を達成することができる。かかる重合性基の例としては、化合物(I)中の基Z1-Y7-及びZ2-Y8-と同様の基を挙げることができ、より具体的には例えば、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基、及びエポキシ基を挙げることができる。
重合性モノマーは、既知の製造方法により製造することができる。または、化合物(I)と類似の構造を持つものについては、化合物(I)の製造方法に準じて製造することができる。
組成物(A)は、重合性液晶化合物及び重合性モノマーに加えて、必要に応じて、以下に例示するもの等の任意の成分を含みうる。
これらの重合開始剤は一種単独で、又は二種以上を組合わせて用いることができる。
組成物(A)において、重合開始剤の配合割合は、重合性化合物100重量部に対し、通常、0.1~30重量部、好ましくは0.5~10重量部である。
本発明の光学異方性積層体は、前記本発明の複層フィルムから、光学異方性層を剥離し、これを長尺状の第二の基材に貼合してなる。
Rth=[{(nx+ny)/2}-nz]×d(式中、nxは、基材フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率(面内の最大屈折率)であり、nyは、基材フィルム面内の遅相軸に垂直な方向の屈折率であり、nzは、基材フィルムの厚み方向の屈折率であり、dは、基材フィルムの厚み(nm)である。)
光学等方性の基材フィルムの材料の例としては、上に述べた第一の基材フィルムと同様のものの他にセルロースエステル等が挙げられる。そのような材料の長尺状フィルムを形成し、これを延伸せず、そのまま第二の基材として用いうる。第二の基材として、光学等方性の基材フィルムを備える光学異方性積層体は、そのまま、表示装置等の光学装置に組み込み、光学部材として用いうる。
本発明の円偏光板は、1層以上の光学異方性層と、長尺状の直線偏光子とをロールツーロールで貼合してなる。
円偏光板(i):光学異方性層と、長尺状の直線偏光子とをロールツーロールで貼合してなる円偏光板であって、光学異方性層が、前記本発明の複層フィルムから剥離してなる層である、円偏光板。
円偏光板(ii):長尺状のλ/4波長板と、長尺状のλ/2波長板と、長尺状の直線偏光子とを、ロールツーロールで貼合してなる円偏光板であって、長尺状のλ/4波長板、長尺状のλ/2波長板、またはこれらの両方が、前記本発明の複層フィルムから剥離した光学異方性層である、円偏光板。
・当該円偏光板を、そのある一方の面から観察すると、λ/2波長板の遅相軸の方向が、直線偏光子の透過軸の方向から時計周りに15°シフトし、且つ1/4λ波長板の遅相軸の方向が、直線偏光子の透過軸の方向から時計周りに75°シフトしている。
・当該円偏光板を、そのある一方の面から観察すると、λ/2波長板の遅相軸の方向が、直線偏光子の透過軸の方向から反時計周りに15°シフトし、且つ1/4λ波長板の遅相軸の方向が、直線偏光子の透過軸の方向から反時計周りに75°シフトしている。
本発明の円偏光板は、液晶表示装置、有機EL表示装置等の表示装置の構成要素として用いうる。特に、好ましい態様として、本発明の有機EL表示装置は、前記本発明の円偏光板を備える。具体的には、本発明の有機EL表示装置は、表示素子の有機EL素子を有する表示装置において、上で説明した通り、反射防止フィルムとして本発明の円偏光板を備えうる。
本願において開示される樹脂フィルム(以下において、「樹脂フィルム(X)」という。)は、長尺状の基材上で形成されてなる、硬化液晶分子を含む樹脂フィルムである。「硬化液晶分子」の意味は、〔1.複層フィルム〕の項で述べた通りである。硬化液晶分子の例としては、重合性液晶化合物を重合させてなる重合体が挙げられる。また、以下の説明においては、「硬化液晶分子を含む樹脂フィルム(X)」を「液晶樹脂フィルム」と略称することがある。樹脂フィルム(X)は、本発明の複層フィルムにおける光学異方性層として用いうる。
基材は、その幅手方向と異なる方向に遅相軸を有する。本願において、基材及び樹脂フィルム(X)の遅相軸の方向とは、別に断らない限り、面内方向の遅相軸の方向をいう。遅相軸方向が幅手方向と「異なる」とは、遅相軸方向と幅手方向とがなす角が、5°以上であることをいう。遅相軸方向と幅手方向とがなす角の上限は、特に限定されないが、例えば90°以下としうる。遅相軸方向と幅手方向とがなす角は、液晶樹脂フィルムに求められる所望の性能に応じて適宜調整しうるが、具体的には例えば45°±3°、又は22.5°±3°といった角度としうる。基材が、かかる遅相軸を有することにより、その上で形成される樹脂フィルム(X)に、遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を付与することができる。
具体的には、〔1.1.第一の基材〕の項で述べた、第一の基材の材料と同様のものを用いうる。
基材上での液晶樹脂フィルムの形成は、典型的には、
工程(i):重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を、基材上に塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成する工程、
工程(ii):液晶組成物の層における重合性液晶化合物を、基材の遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ってホモジニアス配向させる工程、及び
工程(iii):重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、硬化液晶分子を形成する工程
を含む方法(以下において「方法(X)という。)により行いうる。
樹脂フィルム(X)において、硬化液晶分子は、基材の遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を有する。
液晶樹脂フィルムの形状並びに長さ及び幅は、特に限定されないが、基材と同様の長尺状のフィルム状の形状とすることができ、これを、必要に応じて所望の用途に適合した矩形などの形状に裁断することができる。
樹脂フィルム(X)は、位相差板などの光学用途に用いることができ、特に、λ/4波長板、λ/2波長板等の波長板として用いうる。特に、以下に述べるλ/4波長板(X)の構成要素として好ましく用いうる。
λ/4波長板(X)は、樹脂フィルム(X)を備える。λ/4波長板(X)は、樹脂フィルム(X)のみからなっていてもよい。即ち、基材フィルム上で形成された液晶樹脂フィルムを基材から剥離し、矩形などの用途に応じた所望の形状に裁断し、それをλ/4波長板(X)として用いうる。
λ/4波長板(X)は、以下に述べる円偏光板(X)の構成要素として好ましく用いうる。
円偏光板(X)は、λ/4波長板(X)を備える。円偏光板(X)は、λ/4波長板(X)に加えて、直線偏光子とを備えうる。
λ/4波長板(X)及び円偏光板(X)は、液晶表示装置、有機EL表示装置等の表示装置の構成要素として用いうる。特に、好ましい態様の例として、円偏光板(X)を備える有機EL表示装置(X)が挙げられる。具体的には、有機EL表示装置(X)は、表示素子の有機EL素子を有する表示装置において、上で説明した通り、反射防止フィルムとして円偏光板(X)を備えうる。
特に、基材として複屈折Δnが0.000050以上であるものを用いた場合、特に良好に配向規制力を発現することができる。さらに、硬化液晶分子の材料として、逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物を用い、逆波長分散特性を有する樹脂フィルム(X)とすることにより、斜め延伸による製造の効率の高さ、遅相軸方向の設定の自由度の高さ、面内における特性の均一さ、異物による欠陥の少なさ、及び逆波長分散特性による有用性を高レベルで兼ね備えた樹脂フィルム(X)としうる。
以下の説明において、量を表す「%」及び「部」は、別に断らない限り重量基準である。また、以下に説明する操作は、別に断らない限り、常温及び常圧の条件において行った。
〔1.面内レターデーション及び遅相軸方向の測定方法〕
第一の基材及び光学異方性層の面内レターデーション及び遅相軸方向は、AxoScan(Axometrics社製)を用いて、測定波長550nmで測定した。光学異方性層の面内レターデーション及び遅相軸方向は、光学異方性層をガラス板に転写したサンプルにおいて測定した。
光学異方性層をガラス板に転写したサンプルを作製し、2枚の直線偏光子(偏光子及び検光子)の間に置いた。この際、前記の直線偏光子は、厚み方向から見て、互いの偏光透過軸が垂直になるように、向きを設定した。また、光学異方性層の遅相軸方向は、厚み方向から見て、直線偏光子の偏光透過軸と平行又は垂直になるように設定し、このサンプルを透過する光の透過率(クロスニコル透過率)を、日本分光社製の分光光度計「V7200」及び自動偏光フィルム測定装置「VAP-7070S」を用いて測定し、下記の基準で評価した。
優:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.010%以下。
良:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.010%超0.020%以下。
可:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.020%超0.030%以下。
不可:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.030%超。
液晶樹脂層を、偏光顕微鏡を用いて観察し、液晶樹脂層における線欠陥の有無によって下記の基準で評価した。ここで線欠陥とは、図1に示すように、線状に延びる配向欠陥のことをいう。
良:線欠陥無し。
不良:線欠陥有り。
光学異方性層を、偏光顕微鏡を用いて観察し、光学異方性層における輝点及び異物の有無を目視で評価した。
良:1平方メートル当り、輝点及び異物が5個以下。
不良:1平方メートル当り、輝点及び異物が6個以上。
円偏光板を拡散反射板(商品名「メタルミーTS50」、東レ社製、アルミ蒸着PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム)の上に置き、正面コントラストおよび視野角特性を次の基準で評価した。
正面コントラストについては、正面から(即ち、円偏光板の面に垂直な方向から)目視観察して、観察された反射色に基づき評価した。反射色が特に黒い場合は「A」(特に良好)、黒い場合は「B」(良好)、反射色が明るくて青くなる場合は「C」(不良)と評価した。
視野角特性については、正面から目視観察した場合と斜め45°から目視観察した場合の、反射色、明るさおよび色むらに基づき評価した。
正面から観察した場合と斜め45°から観察した場合とで反射色と明るさに変化がなく、且つ斜め45°から観察した場合に色むらが見えない場合は「A」(特に良好)と評価した。
正面から観察した場合と斜め45°から観察した場合とで反射色と明るさに変化がなく、且つ斜め45°から観察した場合に色むらがほとんど見えない場合は「B」(良好)と評価した。
正面から観察した場合と斜め45°から観察した場合とで反射色と明るさに変化があり、且つ斜め45°から観察した場合に色むらがかすかに見える場合は「C」(良好ではないが使用可)と評価した。
正面から観察した場合と斜め45°から観察した場合とで反射色と明るさに変化があり、且つ斜め45°から観察した場合に色むらがはっきり見える場合は「D」(不良)とした。
熱可塑性ノルボルネン樹脂のペレット(日本ゼオン株式会社製、商品名「ZEONOR1420R」、Tg 137℃)を90℃で5時間乾燥させた。乾燥させたペレットを押し出し機に供給し、押し出し機内で溶融させ、ポリマーパイプおよびポリマーフィルターを通し、Tダイからキャスティングドラム上にシート状に押し出し、冷却し、マスキングフィルム(トレテガー社製、FF1025)で保護しながら巻取り、厚み80μm、幅1490mmの延伸前基材(A)のロールを得た。
Tダイを変更した他は製造例1と同様にして、厚み50μm、幅675mmの延伸前基材(B)のロールを得た。
熱可塑性ノルボルネン樹脂のペレットを、別のノルボルネン樹脂のペレット(日本ゼオン株式会社製、Tg 126℃)に変更した他は、製造例1と同様にして、厚み80μm、幅1490mmの延伸前基材(C)のロールを得た。
重合性液晶化合物(商品名「LC242」BASF社製、式(A1)で示される化合物)24.15部、界面活性剤(商品名「フタージェントFTX-209F」、ネオス社製)0.12部、重合開始剤(商品名「IRGACURE379」、BASF社製)0.73重量部、及び溶媒(メチルエチルケトン)75.00部を混合し、液晶組成物を調製した。
式(B1)で表される逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物21.25部、界面活性剤(商品名「サーフロンS420」、AGCセイミケミカル社製)0.11部、重合開始剤(商品名「IRGACURE379」、BASF社製)0.64部、及び溶媒(シクロペンタノン、日本ゼオン株式会社製)78.00部を混合し、液晶組成物を調製した。
(1-1.第一の基材の調製)
製造例1で得た延伸前基材(A)のロールから、延伸前基材(A)を引き出し、連続的にマスキングフィルムを剥離してテンター延伸機に供給し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して15°(長手方向に対して75°)となるように斜め延伸を行い、さらに基材フィルム幅手方向の両端をトリミングし、幅1350mmで長尺状の、第一の基材(A-1)を得た。得られた第一の基材(A-1)のReは265nm、膜厚は40μmであった。得られた第一の基材(A-1)は、新たなマスキングフィルム(トレテガー社製、FF1025)で保護しながら巻取り、第一の基材(A-1)のロールを得た。(Re(nm))/(膜厚(μm)x1000)で計算されるΔnの値は0.006625であった。
(1-1)で得た第一の基材(A-1)のロールから、第一の基材(A-1)を繰り出し、マスキングフィルムを剥離して搬送した。室温25℃において、搬送される第一の基材(A-1)の一方の面(マスキングフィルムが貼合されていた側の面)に、製造例4で得た液晶組成物(A)を、ダイコーターを用いて直接塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成した。
(1-2)で得た、第一の基材(A-1)上の液晶組成物の層を、110℃で2.5分間配向処理した。その後、窒素雰囲気下で、液晶組成物の層に、積算照度100mJ/cm2(照射強度10mW/cm2を照射時間10秒)以上の紫外線を照射して、液晶組成物中の重合性液晶化合物を重合させて、硬化液晶分子を形成した。これにより、乾燥膜厚1.1μmの、ホモジニアス配向した光学異方性層を得て、(第一の基材)/(光学異方性層)の層構成を有する複層フィルムを得た。
得られた複層フィルムの光学異方性層について、面内レターデーションの測定、遅相軸と長手方向とがなす角度の測定、配向状態の評価、配向欠陥の評価、ならびに輝点及び異物の評価を行った。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物の塗布の厚さを変更し、(1-3)において得られた光学異方性層の乾燥膜厚を2.0μmとした。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-1)における延伸の方向を変更し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して22.5°(長手方向に対して67.5°)となるように斜め延伸を行った。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物(A)に代えて、製造例5で得た液晶組成物(B)を用いた。また、配向処理の温度を115℃に変更した。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物の塗布の厚さを変更し、(1-3)において得られた光学異方性層の乾燥膜厚を2.2μmとした。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-1)における延伸の方向を変更し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して45°(長手方向に対して45°)となるように斜め延伸を行った。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-1)における延伸の方向を変更し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して45°(長手方向に対して45°)となるように斜め延伸を行った。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物(A)に代えて、製造例5で得た液晶組成物(B)を用いた。また、配向処理の温度を115℃に変更した。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物の塗布の厚さを変更し、(1-3)において得られた光学異方性層の乾燥膜厚を2.1μmとした。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-1)において、延伸前基材(A)に代えて、製造例3で得た延伸前基材(C)を用いた。
・(1-1)における延伸の方向を変更し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して45°(長手方向に対して45°)となるように斜め延伸を行った。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物(A)に代えて、製造例5で得た液晶組成物(B)を用いた。また、配向処理の温度を115℃に変更した。
・(1-2)において、液晶組成物の塗布の厚さを変更し、(1-3)において得られた光学異方性層の乾燥膜厚を2.2μmとした。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-1)において、延伸前基材(A)に代えて、製造例2で得た延伸前基材(B)を用いた。
・(1-1)における延伸の方向を変更し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して0°(長手方向に対して90°)となるように横延伸を行った。
以下の事項以外は実施例1と同様に操作し、第一の基材及び複層フィルムを得て評価した。
・(1-1)において、延伸前基材(A)に代えて、長尺状のTAC(トリアセチルセルロース)フィルム(コニカミノルタ社製、厚み80μm、幅1490mm、ガラス転移温度107℃)を用いた。
・(1-1)における延伸の方向を変更し、基材フィルムの遅相軸が幅手方向に対して45°(長手方向に対して45°)となるように斜め延伸を行った。
・(1-2)において、TACフィルムの変形を避けるため配向処理の温度を下げ、90℃に変更した。
(C1-1.配向規制力を有する基材の調製)
製造例1で得た延伸前基材(A)のロールから、延伸前基材(A)を引き出し、連続的にマスキングフィルムを剥離して、斜めラビング装置に供給し斜め方向にラビングを行なった。ラビング方向は、基材フィルムの幅手方向に対して45°(長手方向に対して45°)となるように調整した。
ラビング処理後、基材フィルム幅手方向の両端をトリミングし、幅1350mmで長尺状の、配向規制力を有する基材(A-3)を得た。得られた基材(A-3)のReは5nm、膜厚は80μmであった。得られた基材(A-3)は、新たなマスキングフィルム(トレテガー社製、FF1025)で、ラビングされた面を保護しながら巻取り、基材(A-3)のロールを得た。
第一の基材(A-1)に代えて、(C1-1)で得た基材(A-3)を用いた他は、実施例1の(1-2)~(1-4)と同様にして、複層フィルムを得て評価した。
(9-1.円偏光板の製造)
実施例6で得た複層フィルムの光学異方性層をλ/4波長板として用い、円偏光板を製造した。
まず、長尺状の直線偏光子として、偏光フィルム(サンリッツ社製、商品名「HLC2-5618S」、厚さ180μm、長手方向に対して90°の方向(幅手方向に対して0°の方向)に透過軸を有する)を用意した。この一方の面と、実施例6で得た複層フィルムの光学異方性層(即ちλ/4波長板)側の面とを貼合した。貼合は粘着剤層(日東電工製、商品名「CS9621」)を介して行った。これにより、(偏光子)/(粘着剤層)/(λ/4波長板)/(第一の基材)の層構成を有する積層体(9-i)を得た。
次に、積層体(9-i)から、第一の基材を剥離し、(偏光子)/(粘着剤層)/(λ/4波長板)の層構成を有する円偏光板を得た。
これらの貼合及び剥離の操作は、いずれもロールツーロールにて連続的に行った。したがって、貼合の操作は、いずれも長尺状のフィルムの長手方向を揃えた状態で行った。
得られた円偏光板の構成要素の光学軸は、下記の角度関係を有していた。即ち、偏光子側の面から円偏光板を観察した場合において、λ/4波長板の遅相軸は、偏光板の透過軸の方向から時計周りに45°シフトしていた。
(9-1)で得た長尺状の円偏光板を適当な大きさに裁断し、目視観察して評価した。
さらに、円偏光板のλ/4波長板側の面と、反射板(商品名「メタルミーTS50」、東レ社製、アルミニウム蒸着PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム)の反射面とを貼合した。貼合は粘着剤層(日東電工製、商品名「CS9621」)を介して行った。これにより、(偏光子)/(粘着剤層)/(λ/4波長板)/(粘着剤層)/(反射板)の層構成を有する、評価用積層体(9-v)を得た。
複層フィルムとして、実施例6で得たものに代えて、実施例4で得たもの(実施例10)、実施例5で得たもの(実施例11)又は実施例8で得たもの(実施例12)を用いた他は実施例9の(9-1)と同様に操作し、円偏光板を得た。
得られた円偏光板の構成要素の光学軸の角度関係は、実施例9で得た円偏光板と同様であった。
得られた長尺状の円偏光板を適当な大きさに裁断し、目視観察して評価した。
〔1.液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレ〕
基材に液晶組成物を塗布する前に、基材の、液晶組成物塗布面と反対の面に基準線を描いた。液晶樹脂フィルムの層を形成した後、液晶樹脂フィルムの面に、基材の基準面と重なる位置に、基準線を描いた。その後、液晶樹脂フィルムを、粘着剤を介してガラス板に転写し、基材から剥離した。その後、基材の遅相軸及び液晶樹脂フィルムの配向方向のそれぞれを、AxoScan(Axometrics社製)を用いて測定し、基材の遅相軸と基材上の基準線とがなす角度、及び液晶樹脂フィルムの配向方向と液晶樹脂フィルム上の基準線とがなす角度を求めた。これらの角度から、液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレを求めた。
ガラス板に転写した液晶樹脂フィルムを偏光子及び検光子の間に置き、クロスニコル透過率を、日本分光社製V7200及びVAP-7070Sを用いて測定し、下記の基準で評価した。
優:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.010%以下
良:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.010%超0.020%以下
可:ボトムとなる波長におけるクロスニコル透過率が0.020%超0.030%以下
液晶樹脂フィルムを目視により観察し、1平方メートル当りの異物の量を計数し、下記の基準で評価した。
良:1平方メートル当り5個以下
不良:1平方メートル当り6個以上
(工程(1-1):脂環式構造を有する樹脂の延伸前基材の調製)
熱可塑性ノルボルネン樹脂のペレット(日本ゼオン株式会社製、商品名「ZEONOR1420R」)を90℃で5時間乾燥させた。乾燥させたペレットを押し出し機に供給し、押し出し機内で溶融させ、ポリマーパイプおよびポリマーフィルターを通し、Tダイからキャスティングドラム上にシート状に押し出し、冷却し、巻取り、厚み80μm、幅1490mmの延伸前基材のロールを得た。
工程(1-1)で得た延伸前基材を、ロールから引き出し、テンター延伸機に供給し、フィルムの配向角が巻き取り方向に対して45°となるように延伸を行い、さらにフィルム幅手方向の両端をトリミングし、巻取り、幅1350mmの、長尺状の延伸基材のロールを得た。得られた延伸基材のReは69.3nm、膜厚は75μmであり、(Re(nm))/(膜厚(μm)x1000)で計算されるΔnの値は0.000923であった。
製造例5の式(B1)で表される逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物21.25部、界面活性剤(商品名「サーフロンS420」、AGCセイミケミカル社製)0.11部、重合開始剤(商品名「IRGACURE379」、BASF社製)0.64部、及び溶媒(シクロペンタノン、日本ゼオン株式会社製)78.00部を混合し、液晶組成物を調製した。
工程(1-2)で調製した延伸基材を、ロールから引き出して搬送し、その一方の表面に、工程(1-3)で調製した液晶組成物を、ダイコーターを用いて塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成した。液晶組成物の層を110℃で2.5分間配向処理し、N2雰囲気化で100mJ/cm2以上の紫外線を照射して、乾燥膜厚2μmの、ホモジニアス配向した硬化液晶分子を含む液晶樹脂フィルムの層を得た。なお、ホモジニアス配向の確認にはAxoScan(Axometrics社製)を用いた。まず、液晶樹脂フィルム層の遅相軸方向を測定し、次に遅相軸方向における入射角毎のReを入射角-70°~70°の範囲について10°毎に測定した。測定波長は550nmを用いた。入射角0°を中心にマイナス入射角のReとプラス入射角のReとが概ね対称となっていればホモジニアス配向しているといえる。得られた液晶樹脂フィルムは、入射角毎のReが0°を中心に対称となっており、ホモジニアス配向していることが確認できた。
工程(1-4)で得られた液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレは1°未満であった。また、得られた液晶樹脂フィルムの配向度及び異物量を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
液晶組成物を構成する成分の種類及び割合を、表4に示す通り変更し、延伸前基材を延伸する際の条件を変更しΔnの値が異なる延伸基材を用いた他は、参考実施例1と同様にし、延伸基材、液晶組成物、及び液晶樹脂フィルムを得て評価した。結果を表5に示す。いずれの参考実施例においても、液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレは1°未満であった。
(工程(4-1):トリアセチルセルロース延伸基材の調製)
長尺状のトリアセチルセルロースフィルム(コニカミノルタ製、厚み80μm、幅1490mm)のロールを用意し、延伸前基材として用いた。延伸前基材を、ロールから引き出し、テンター延伸機に供給し、フィルムの配向角が巻き取り方向に対して45°となるように、延伸温度155℃、延伸倍率1.01倍で延伸を行い、さらにフィルム幅手方向の両端をトリミングし、巻取り、幅1350mmの、長尺状の延伸基材のロールを得た。得られた延伸基材のReは14nm、膜厚は79μmであり、(Re(nm))/(膜厚(μm)x1000)で計算されるΔnの値は0.000078であった。
重合性液晶化合物(商品名「LC242」BASF社製、製造例4の式(A1)で示される化合物)24.15部、界面活性剤(商品名「フタージェントFTX-209F」、ネオス社製)0.12部、重合開始剤(商品名「IRGACURE379」、BASF社製)0.73部、及び溶媒(シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、日本ゼオン株式会社製)75.00部を混合し、液晶組成物を調製した。
工程(4-1)で調製した延伸基材を、ロールから引き出して搬送し、その一方の表面に、工程(4-2)で調製した液晶組成物を、ダイコーターを用いて塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成した。液晶組成物の層を110℃で2.5分間配向処理し、N2雰囲気化で100mJ/cm2以上の紫外線を照射して、乾燥膜厚2μmのホモジニアス配向した液晶樹脂フィルムの層を得た。ホモジニアス配向していることは、参考実施例1の工程(1-4)における確認方法と同じ方法により確認した。
工程(4-3)で得られた液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレは1°未満であった。また、得られた液晶樹脂フィルムの配向度及び異物量を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
液晶組成物を構成する成分の種類及び割合を、表4に示す通り変更し、延伸前基材を延伸する際の条件を表5に示す通り変更した他は、参考実施例4と同様にし、延伸基材、液晶組成物、及び液晶樹脂フィルムを得て評価した。結果を表5に示す。いずれの参考実施例においても、液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレは1°未満であった。
参考実施例1の工程(1-1)で得た延伸前基材を、ロールから引き出し、MD方向にラビング処理した。この一方の表面に、参考実施例2で使用したものと同じ組成の液晶組成物を、ダイコーターを用いて塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成した。液晶組成物の層を110℃で2.5分間配向処理し、N2雰囲気化で100mJ/cm2以上の紫外線を照射して、乾燥膜厚2μmのホモジニアス配向した液晶樹脂フィルムの層を得た。ホモジニアス配向していることは、参考実施例1の工程(1-4)における確認方法と同じ方法により確認した。得られた液晶樹脂フィルム配向方向と基材遅相軸方向とのズレは1°未満であった。また、得られた液晶樹脂フィルムの配向度及び異物量を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
逆波長:前記式(B1)で表される逆波長分散重合性液晶化合物
LC242:重合性液晶化合物(商品名「LC242」BASF社製、前記式(A1)で示される化合物)
S420:界面活性剤(商品名「サーフロンS420」、AGCセイミケミカル社製)
209F:界面活性剤(商品名「フタージェントFTX-209F」、ネオス社製)
Irg379:重合開始剤(商品名「IRGACURE379」、BASF社製)
CPN:シクロペンタノン、日本ゼオン株式会社製
CPME:シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、日本ゼオン株式会社製
COP:脂環式構造を有する樹脂(熱可塑性ノルボルネン樹脂、日本ゼオン株式会社製、商品名「ZEONOR1420R」)
TAC:トリアセチルセルロースフィルム(コニカミノルタ製)
Claims (18)
- 長尺状の第一の基材と、
前記第一の基材上に直接形成された、硬化液晶分子を含む光学異方性層とを備える複層フィルムであって、
前記第一の基材は、延伸により生じた配向規制力を有し、
前記第一の基材の遅相軸と、前記第一の基材の長手方向とが異なる、複層フィルム。 - 前記第一の基材の遅相軸と前記第一の基材の長手方向とがなす角度が10°~90°である、請求項1に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記第一の基材の遅相軸と前記第一の基材の長手方向とがなす角度が40°~50°である、請求項2に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記第一の基材が正の固有複屈折性を有する樹脂のフィルムである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記第一の基材が脂環式構造含有重合体を含む樹脂のフィルム、又はセルロースエステルのフィルムである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記第一の基材が、横延伸もしくは斜め延伸された延伸フィルムである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記光学異方性層が逆波長分散性を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記光学異方性層がλ/4波長板である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記光学異方性層がλ/2波長板である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記光学異方性層の厚みが5μm以下である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記光学異方性層の前記硬化液晶分子が、前記第一の基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ったホモジニアス配向規則性を有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 前記第一の基材上での前記光学異方性層の形成が、
重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を、前記第一の基材上に塗布し、液晶組成物の層を形成し、
前記層における前記重合性液晶化合物を、前記第一の基材の前記遅相軸の方向と略同一方向に沿ってホモジニアス配向させ、
前記重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、前記硬化液晶分子を形成する
ことを含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。 - 前記第一の基材の複屈折Δnが0.000050以上である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルム。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルムから、光学異方性層を剥離し、
前記光学異方性層を、長尺状の第二の基材に貼合してなる、光学異方性積層体。 - 光学異方性層と、長尺状の直線偏光子とをロールツーロールで貼合してなる円偏光板であって、
前記光学異方性層が、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルムから剥離してなる層である、円偏光板。 - 請求項15に記載の円偏光板を備える有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の複層フィルムの製造方法であって、
長尺状の第一の基材を長手方向に繰出す工程であって、前記第一の基材は延伸により生じた配向規制力を有し、前記第一の基材の遅相軸と、前記第一の基材の長手方向とが異なる、工程(I)、
繰出した前記第一の基材の表面上に、直接、重合性液晶化合物を含有する液晶組成物を塗布し、液晶組成物の層を得る工程(II)、
前記液晶組成物の層中の前記重合性液晶化合物を配向させる工程(III)、及び
前記重合性液晶化合物を重合させ、硬化液晶分子を形成する工程(IV)を含む製造方法。 - 前記液晶組成物の塗布方向と、前記重合性液晶化合物の配向方向とが異なる、請求項17に記載の複層フィルムの製造方法。
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Cited By (20)
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JP2016224128A (ja) * | 2015-05-27 | 2016-12-28 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 光学積層体の製造方法、光学積層体、光学異方性積層体、円偏光板、及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置 |
WO2017086338A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-26 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光学積層体および該光学積層体を用いた有機エレクトロルミネセンス表示装置 |
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WO2020121791A1 (ja) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-18 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 真正性判定用のビュワー及びその製造方法、識別媒体の真正性の判定方法、並びに、真正性判定用セット |
WO2021020024A1 (ja) | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-04 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 表示媒体、表示物品及び表示セット |
JP2021056419A (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 積層体及びその製造方法、並びに光学フィルム |
WO2021065484A1 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 表示媒体、表示物品及び表示セット |
JP7310513B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-07-19 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 積層体及びその製造方法、並びに光学フィルム |
CN113304738A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-27 | 郑州师范学院 | 一种催化基板及其制备方法 |
CN113304738B (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-03-17 | 郑州师范学院 | 一种催化基板及其制备方法 |
WO2023095863A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 光学膜、複層フィルム及びその製造方法、並びに、偏光板 |
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EP3064969A4 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
EP3064969A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
CN105659122B (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
US20160245972A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
CN105659122A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
TWI650888B (zh) | 2019-02-11 |
KR102355365B1 (ko) | 2022-01-24 |
JP6651851B2 (ja) | 2020-02-19 |
JPWO2015064581A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
TW201523960A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
US10895783B2 (en) | 2021-01-19 |
US20190187351A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
KR20160078356A (ko) | 2016-07-04 |
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