WO2012011435A1 - 立体画像装置に用いられる位相差フィルム積層体 - Google Patents
立体画像装置に用いられる位相差フィルム積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012011435A1 WO2012011435A1 PCT/JP2011/066151 JP2011066151W WO2012011435A1 WO 2012011435 A1 WO2012011435 A1 WO 2012011435A1 JP 2011066151 W JP2011066151 W JP 2011066151W WO 2012011435 A1 WO2012011435 A1 WO 2012011435A1
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- Prior art keywords
- retardation film
- region
- film
- liquid crystal
- polarizing plate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
- G03B35/26—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using polarised or coloured light separating different viewpoint images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/337—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using polarisation multiplexing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation film laminate used for a display device used for stereoscopic display, and more particularly, a patterned pattern used to form images divided into two areas called passive systems in different polarization states.
- the present invention relates to a retardation film laminate. Moreover, it is related with the structure of the combination method with spectacles used when observing the display apparatus using the retardation film laminated body of this invention, and the structure of the retardation film laminated body used for spectacles.
- the observer side normally has light in one polarization state.
- the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate used in the polarizing glasses and the combination of this and the retardation film are changed at the left and right lens openings of the polarizing glasses so as to transmit only through the polarizing glasses.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which a plurality of grooves are formed on a base material, a liquid crystal material is applied to the surface of the base material, and polymerization is performed to perform patterning.
- JP 2004-264338 A International Publication WO 2004/068213, US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/192746
- JP 2005-164916 A International Publication No. WO2010 / 032540 (European Patent Application Publication No. 2239602, US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/073604)
- the present invention proposes a configuration and a manufacturing method for continuously producing a long retardation film laminate.
- the present invention proposes a configuration of polarized glasses that can correct a three-dimensional image while correcting this and a combination with the display device. .
- a long film including a first retardation film having a uniform retardation in a plane and a second retardation film in which a plurality of regions having different retardations are patterned in the plane. -Shaped retardation film laminate.
- the first retardation film exhibits a retardation of approximately ⁇ / 4 with respect to light transmitted perpendicular to the film surface.
- the second retardation film is formed by applying a composition for forming a liquid crystal layer on a substrate that has been aligned in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the film. [1] to [5] ] The retardation film laminated body in any one of. [7] The second retardation film has at least a first region and a second region having different retardations, and the first region emits incident polarized light without substantially changing the polarization state, The retardation film laminate according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the two regions emit polarized light orthogonal to the incident polarized light.
- the second retardation film has at least a first region and a second region having different retardations, and the first region emits incident polarized light without substantially changing the polarization state,
- the patterned retardation film laminate used in the stereoscopic image device can be realized efficiently and continuously at low cost. Moreover, even when the light emitted from the display device side has different wavelength dispersion and viewing angle characteristics on the left and right sides, this can be compensated for, and polarization glasses and an observation method capable of observing a clear stereoscopic image can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of the configuration of the second retardation film shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- 6 is a perspective view of an example of the configuration of the second retardation film shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of the configuration of the second retardation film shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the configuration of the second retardation film.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for manufacturing the second retardation film.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for manufacturing the second retardation film.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for manufacturing the second retardation film.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for producing the second retardation film.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for manufacturing the second retardation film.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the retardation film laminate.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the retardation film laminate.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the retardation film laminate.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the retardation film laminate.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the retardation film laminate.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement when the retardation film laminate of the present invention is used as a stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement when the retardation film laminate of the present invention is used as a stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement when the retardation film laminate of the present invention is used as a stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement when the retardation film laminate of the present invention is used as a stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a composite of a retardation film laminate and a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a composite of a retardation film laminate and a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a composite of a retardation film laminate and a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a retardation film laminate and a composite of polarizing plates.
- FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a retardation film laminate and a composite of polarizing plates.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram for explaining the mechanism of the stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram for explaining the mechanism of the stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram for explaining the mechanism of the stereoscopic image device.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram for explaining the mechanism of the stereoscopic image device.
- the first retardation film used in the present invention has a uniform retardation in the plane.
- a retardation film examples include those made of a stretched polymer as disclosed in JP-A-5-2108, a liquid crystal coating type as disclosed in JP-A-2003-177242, and JP-A-2006-51796. And those having a structural birefringence as shown in the publication.
- the most economical one is made of a stretched polymer, but preferably has a stretch axis that is non-parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film.
- those which are obliquely stretched as shown in JP-A Nos. 2003-342384 and 2007-90532 are effective.
- the diagonally stretched film like WO2003 / 102639 can also be used suitably.
- a film having a slow axis that is not parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film for example, an alignment film and an alignment method are appropriately selected by a manufacturing method as disclosed in JP-A-2000-66192.
- a liquid crystal resin layer in which the alignment state is fixed while being aligned in an oblique direction.
- the liquid crystal resin layer (also simply referred to as “liquid crystal layer”) refers to a layer obtained by curing a layer of a material containing a resin and exhibiting a liquid crystal state while maintaining its molecular orientation.
- that the phase difference is “uniform” in the plane means that the distribution of the phase difference generated in the plane is uniform.
- the in-plane phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm of light transmitted perpendicularly in the film plane is ⁇ 65 nm, preferably ⁇ 65 nm from the value of 1 ⁇ 4 of the central value in the central value of the wavelength range of transmitted light.
- the first retardation film having a uniform retardation in the plane is preferably uniform in the plane with respect to the wavelength dependency of the retardation and the viewing angle characteristics.
- the in-plane variation of the orientation angle of the slow axis is preferably ⁇ 30%, more preferably ⁇ 20% with respect to the average orientation angle.
- the average orientation angle of the first retardation film is preferably 45 ° or 135 ° as an angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film.
- the chromatic dispersion value indicating the relative ratio between the in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm and the in-plane retardation at a reference wavelength of 400 nm of light transmitted vertically in the film plane is 1. It is preferably 25 or less, more preferably 1.20 or less, and particularly preferably 1.15 or less.
- the wavelength dispersion ratio within the above range, it is possible to convert the transmitted light into more uniform polarized light, so that it is possible to suppress coloring of the front hue of the display device.
- JP-A No. 05-97978 a hydrogen atom described in JP-A No. 05-97978 are used.
- An additive polymer, a thermoplastic dicyclopentadiene ring-opening polymer described in JP-A-11-124429, a hydrogenated polymer thereof, or the like is used, or as disclosed in WO2003 / 102039 and JP-A-2003-177242.
- a method such as combining a plurality of stretched polymers or a liquid crystal-coated retardation film can be appropriately employed.
- viewing angle characteristics as shown in JP-A-2002-40258, the refractive index anisotropy of a material to be used and a combination of a plurality of retardation films can be selected.
- thermoplastic resin having good transparency
- thermoplastic resins include chain olefin polymer resins, alicyclic olefin polymer resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polysulfone resins, polyethersulfone resins, polystyrene resins, polyolefin resins, Examples include polyvinyl alcohol resins, cellulose acetate polymer resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polymethacrylate resins, and the like.
- a chain olefin polymer resin and an alicyclic olefin polymer resin are preferable.
- the coefficient of humidity expansion is small from the viewpoint of dimensional stability, usually 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 % RH or less, A thermoplastic resin of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 % RH or less is preferable.
- the humidity expansion coefficient is obtained by cutting a film sample in accordance with the test piece type 1B described in JIS K7127 so that the width direction is the measurement direction, and a tensile tester with a constant temperature and humidity chamber (for example, manufactured by Instron). Can be measured by. At that time, the humidity is kept at 35% RH (23 ° C. nitrogen atmosphere) or the humidity is 70% RH (23 ° C.
- An alicyclic olefin polymer is particularly preferable as a thermoplastic resin that gives a film satisfying such characteristics.
- the humidity expansion coefficient is not more than the above, there is no deformation of the film due to moisture absorption, and curling due to curing shrinkage when the film is irradiated with energy such as ultraviolet rays to form another layer can be prevented.
- another optical member for example, a polarizing plate
- swelling of the film by moisture absorption, and bonding position alignment can be performed easily.
- the warp of the panel can be alleviated and a stable image can be supplied. .
- the glass transition temperature (measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) of the resin material constituting the first retardation film is preferably 80 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is in the range of 100 to 250 ° C.
- liquid crystal compound examples include a rod-like liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group and a side-chain liquid crystal polymer compound.
- the rod-like liquid crystal compound has been disclosed in JP 2002-030042 A, JP 2004-204190 A, JP 2005-263789 A, JP 2007-119415 A, JP 2007-186430 A, and the like.
- the side-chain type liquid crystal polymer having a known polymerizable group the side-chain type liquid crystal polymer compound described in JP-A No. 2003-177242 can be used.
- a liquid crystal compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the slow axis of a 1st phase difference film is a substantially 45 degree direction with respect to a elongate direction.
- approximately 45 ° means a range of preferably ⁇ 10 °, more preferably ⁇ 5 ° with respect to 45 °.
- the first retardation film is preferably a substantially ⁇ / 4 plate. That is, the first retardation film is preferably capable of expressing a retardation of approximately ⁇ / 4 wavelength with respect to transmitted light.
- the retardation Re of the first retardation film is usually ⁇ 65 nm, preferably ⁇ 30 nm, more preferably ⁇ from the value of ⁇ / 4 of the central value in the central value of the wavelength range of transmitted light.
- a phase difference Re of approximately ⁇ / 4 wavelength can be expressed with respect to the transmitted light.
- the light used for image display is visible light, and therefore, if the above requirement is satisfied with respect to the wavelength 550 nm which is the central value of the wavelength range of visible light, it has a phase difference Re of approximately ⁇ / 4 wavelength.
- the first retardation film satisfies these requirements, continuous productivity can be enhanced.
- the second retardation film compatible with the first retardation film a film in which the slow axis in the anisotropic region is parallel to the longitudinal direction is adopted. As a result, continuous production of the retardation film laminate of the present invention becomes easier.
- the thickness of the first retardation film can be optimized for the purpose of eliminating the warpage of the panel in cooperation with the optical compensation film used in the display device or the requirement from the final appearance specifications of the display device.
- the second retardation film used in the present invention is a second retardation film in which a plurality of regions having different retardations are patterned in the plane.
- patterned refers to an aspect that is repeated at a certain period.
- a plurality of areas are “patterned” in a plane means that two or more types of areas are repeatedly arranged in the same order when observed along a certain direction in the plane.
- the second retardation film is patterned in a stripe shape in which elongated strip-like regions are arranged in parallel.
- the strip-like regions extending in the longitudinal direction are arranged in parallel, and are arranged so that the strip-like regions repeatedly appear when observed along the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in the film plane. It is preferable that it is patterned into a striped shape.
- the plurality of regions having different phase differences indicates, for example, an aspect in which a region having a phase difference and a region having no phase difference exist. That is, the second retardation film has at least a first region and a second region having different retardations, the first region emits light without substantially changing the incident polarized light, and the second region is an incident circle. The polarized light can be emitted with the direction of rotation being substantially reversed.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams schematically showing an example of a second retardation film (FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the film shown in FIG. 2).
- the second retardation film 1 ⁇ / b> A has a base material 11 and a resin layer 12 provided on the upper surface of the base material 11.
- the resin layer 12 has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 12a and an isotropic resin region 12b.
- the liquid crystal alignment resin region 12a is obtained by applying a composition for forming a liquid crystal layer on the substrate 11 and curing the composition in a state of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase, and has a retardation of approximately ⁇ / 2. It can be an anisotropic region shown.
- the phase difference of about ⁇ / 2 means that the phase difference Re of about 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength can be expressed with respect to the transmitted light.
- the phase difference Re is in a range of ⁇ 65 nm, preferably ⁇ 30 nm, more preferably ⁇ 10 nm from a value half the center value in the central value of the wavelength range of transmitted light.
- a phase difference Re of approximately 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength can be expressed with respect to the transmitted light.
- the light used for image display is visible light, so if the above requirement is satisfied with respect to the wavelength 550 nm which is the central value of the wavelength range of visible light, it has a phase difference Re of approximately 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength. Become.
- the isotropic resin region 12b is obtained by curing in a state of exhibiting an isotropic phase in which liquid crystal molecules are randomly arranged.
- the first region emits the incident polarized light without substantially changing the polarization state.
- the fact that the polarization state is not substantially changed means that if the incident polarized light is linearly polarized light, it is emitted as it is as linearly polarized light, and if the incident polarized light is circularly polarized light, it is emitted as it is as circularly polarized light. .
- substantially does not change the polarization state means that, in the case of linearly polarized light, the deviation angle of the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light is within a strict angle of less than 0 ° ⁇ 5 °. .
- the error from the exact angle is preferably less than 4 °, more preferably less than 2 °, and most preferably less than 1 °.
- “substantially” reversing the direction of rotation of circularly polarized light has, for example, a phase difference of approximately ⁇ / 2 of transmitted light, and a central value in the central value of the wavelength range of transmitted light.
- Means that the polarized light orthogonal to the incident polarized light is emitted in the range of ⁇ 65 nm, preferably ⁇ 30 nm, more preferably ⁇ 10 nm.
- the liquid crystal layer forming composition can be applied to the substrate by a known method such as reverse gravure coating, direct gravure coating, die coating or bar coating.
- the thickness of the resin layer can be appropriately adjusted so that a desired cured film thickness can be obtained.
- the thickness of the resin layer is obtained from the ⁇ n value of the liquid crystal compound to be used or the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer containing two or more liquid crystal compounds from the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n value of each liquid crystal compound and each content ratio. Depending on the ⁇ n value, 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m is preferable.
- the substrate may be subjected to a surface treatment such as a corona treatment or a rubbing alignment treatment as described below. FIG.
- the second retardation film 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the second retardation film.
- the second retardation film 3 ⁇ / b> A includes a base material 31, an alignment film 33 provided on the upper surface of the base material 31, and a resin layer 32 provided on the upper surface of the alignment film 33.
- the resin layer 32 has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 32a and an isotropic resin region 32b. Also in this example, there is material continuity between the liquid crystal alignment resin region 32a and the isotropic resin region 32b, and for example, it is distinguished from a discontinuous one with a gap or the like interposed therebetween.
- the second retardation film 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing still another example of the second retardation film.
- the second retardation film 4 ⁇ / b> A is composed only of the resin layer 42.
- the resin layer 42 has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 42a and an isotropic resin region 42b.
- the resin layer 12 of the second retardation film shown in FIG. 1 is peeled from the substrate, and only the resin layer is used as the second retardation film.
- the second retardation film has at least a first region and a second region having different retardations, and the first region emits incident polarized light without substantially changing its polarization state, and the second region Can be configured to emit polarized light orthogonal to the incident polarized light.
- FIG.5 and FIG.6 is the figure which showed typically the example of the 2nd phase difference film of such an aspect (FIG. 5 is sectional drawing of FIG. 6). In the example shown in FIGS.
- the second retardation film 5 ⁇ / b> A has a base material 51 and a resin layer 52 provided on the upper surface of the base material 51.
- the resin layer 52 has a twisted nematic (TN) region 52a and an isotropic resin region 52b.
- the twisted nematic region 52a is a region that rotates 90 ° of linearly polarized light
- the isotropic resin region 52b is a region that is cured in a state where liquid crystal molecules are randomly arranged.
- the twisted nematic region can be obtained by fixing the liquid crystal molecules in a state of exhibiting a twisted nematic phase. In the example shown in FIG.
- the second retardation film 7 ⁇ / b> A has a base material 71, an alignment film 73 provided on the upper surface of the base material 71, and a resin layer 72 provided on the upper surface of the alignment film 73. Yes.
- the resin layer 72 has a twisted nematic region 72a and an isotropic resin region 72b.
- the second retardation film 8 ⁇ / b> A is composed only of the resin layer 82.
- the resin layer 82 has a twisted nematic region 82a and an isotropic resin region 82b.
- the resin layer 52 of the second retardation film shown in FIG. 5 is peeled from the base material, and only the resin layer is used as the second retardation film.
- the alignment treatment for aligning the liquid crystal alignment resin region or the twisted nematic region exhibiting a phase difference of about ⁇ / 2 is performed in the longitudinal direction.
- a process that is substantially parallel to the surface for example, a rubbing process that is performed in a direction that is in direct contact with the resin layer and approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- Such a process can enable continuous production.
- the term “substantially” parallel or “substantially orthogonal” means that an angle within a range of ⁇ 10 °, preferably ⁇ 5 °, from the parallel or orthogonal direction.
- the alignment direction of the molecules in the liquid crystal alignment resin region exhibiting the above phase difference is also a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- the alignment treatment in the present invention is not limited to this.
- an embodiment in which the slow axis of the liquid crystal alignment resin region disposed adjacent to the isotropic region as shown in FIG. 9 is aligned in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is also included. Also in this case, continuous production is possible when the alignment treatment is carried out substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction. In the example shown in FIG.
- the second retardation film 9A includes a resin layer having a liquid crystal alignment resin region 92a and an isotropic resin region 92b arranged in parallel.
- the rubbing direction 91 of the layer that is in direct contact with the resin layer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film, and the slow axis 93 of the liquid crystal alignment resin region 92 a thus aligned is a direction orthogonal to the rubbing direction 91.
- a special alignment film material that generates an alignment regulating force in a direction orthogonal to the alignment treatment direction as disclosed in JP-A-2002-62427 and JP-A-2002-268068 is used. The method to use is mentioned.
- the second retardation film 10A includes a resin layer having twisted nematic regions 103a and 103b arranged in parallel.
- the rubbing direction 101 of the layer directly in contact with the resin layer is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film, so that the oriented regions 103a and 103b rotate the polarized light in the directions indicated by arrows 102a and 102b, respectively.
- an alignment film having a property that the alignment regulating force and the alignment are parallel or orthogonal can be appropriately selected as necessary.
- liquid crystal compound useful for forming the second retardation film a compound similar to the liquid crystal compound used in the above-mentioned liquid crystal coating type retardation film can be used.
- a liquid crystal compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- a useful polymerizable liquid crystal compound a commercially available product such as “LC242” manufactured by BASF Corporation can be used.
- the ⁇ n value of the liquid crystal compound is preferably 0.05 or more and 0.30 or less, more preferably 0.10 or more and 0.25 or less. The ⁇ n value can be measured by the Senarmon method.
- the ⁇ n value of the liquid crystal compound means the ⁇ n value of the liquid crystal compound when the liquid crystal layer forming composition contains only one type of liquid crystal compound, and the liquid crystal layer forming composition contains two or more types of liquid crystal compounds. Is included, it means the ⁇ n value obtained from the ⁇ n value of each liquid crystal compound and each content ratio. If the ⁇ n value is less than 0.05, the thickness of the resin layer is increased in order to obtain a desired optical function, the orientation uniformity is lowered, and it is disadvantageous in terms of economic cost. If it is 0.30 or more, the resin layer becomes thin to obtain the desired optical function, which is disadvantageous for the thickness accuracy, but the absorption edge on the long wavelength side of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum extends to the visible range. Even if the absorption edge of the spectrum extends to the visible region, it can be used as long as the desired optical performance is not adversely affected.
- the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer for forming the second retardation film includes an organic solvent, a surfactant, a chiral agent, and a polymerization initiator for imparting appropriate physical properties to the production method and final performance.
- an ultraviolet absorber, a crosslinking agent, an antioxidant, and the like can be appropriately contained.
- Suitable examples of the organic solvent include ketones, alkyl halides, amides, sulfoxides, heterocyclic compounds, hydrocarbons, esters, ethers, and the like.
- cyclic ketones and cyclic ethers are preferable because they easily dissolve the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- Examples of the cyclic ketone solvent include cyclopropanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and the like, among which cyclopentanone is preferable.
- Examples of the cyclic ether solvent include tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, etc. Among them, 1,3-dioxolane is preferable.
- a solvent may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios, and it is optimal from the viewpoint of compatibility, viscosity, surface tension, etc. as a composition for liquid crystal layer formation. It is preferable that The content ratio of the organic solvent in the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer can be 30 to 95% by weight as a ratio with respect to the total solid content other than the organic solvent.
- the surfactant one that does not inhibit the orientation can be appropriately selected and used.
- a nonionic surfactant containing a siloxane or a fluorinated alkyl group in the hydrophobic group can be preferably used.
- oligomers having two or more hydrophobic group moieties in one molecule are particularly suitable.
- These surfactants include, for example, PF-151N, PF-636, PF-6320, PF-656, PF-6520, PF-3320, PF-651, PF-652 of PolyFox, OMNOVA; FTX-209F, FTX-208G, FTX-204D, and KH-40 manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
- 1 type of surfactant may be used and it may use it combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the blending ratio of the surfactant is preferably such that the concentration of the surfactant in the resin layer obtained by curing the liquid crystal layer forming composition is 0.05 wt% to 3 wt%.
- the blending ratio of the surfactant is less than 0.05% by weight, the alignment regulating force at the air interface is lowered and alignment defects may occur.
- the amount is more than 3% by weight, an excessive surfactant may enter between the liquid crystal compound molecules to reduce the alignment uniformity.
- the chiral agent may be a polymerizable compound or a non-polymerizable compound.
- the chiral agent those having a chiral carbon atom in the molecule and not disturbing the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be appropriately selected and used.
- a chiral agent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the polymerizable chiral agent compound a commercially available compound (for example, “LC756” manufactured by BASF, etc.) can be used, and as described in JP-A-11-193287 and JP-A-2003-137878. Although well-known things can be used, it is not limited to these.
- a chiral agent can be used in combination with a polymerizable liquid crystal compound when forming a twisted nematic region.
- a thermal polymerization initiator may be used, but usually a photopolymerization initiator is used.
- a photopolymerization initiator for example, a known compound that generates radicals or acids by ultraviolet rays or visible rays can be used.
- photopolymerization initiators include benzoin, benzylmethyl ketal, benzophenone, biacetyl, acetophenone, Michler's ketone, benzyl, benzylisobutyl ether, tetramethylthiuram mono (di) sulfide, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one 1- (4-Isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, methylbenzoyl formate 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, ⁇ -i
- a polymerization initiator may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer may contain a known photosensitizer or a tertiary amine compound as a polymerization accelerator to control the curability of the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer.
- Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylbenzoate, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, and bis (1,2,2). , 6,6-Pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) -2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2-n-butylmalonate, 4- (3- (3,5-di -T-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy) -1- (2- (3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy) ethyl) -2,2,6 Hindered amine ultraviolet absorbers such as 6-tetramethylpiperidine; 2- (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)- -Chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3,5-di-t-but
- the blending ratio of the ultraviolet absorber is usually in the range of 0.001 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal compound.
- the blending ratio of the UV absorber is less than 0.001 part by weight, the UV light absorbing ability becomes insufficient, and the desired light resistance cannot be obtained.
- the resin layer is cured with an active energy ray such as ultraviolet rays, the curing becomes insufficient, which is not preferable because the mechanical strength of the resin layer is lowered or the heat resistance is lowered.
- the liquid crystal layer forming composition can use a crosslinking agent according to the desired mechanical strength.
- crosslinking agents include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 2- (2-vinyloxyethoxy) Polyfunctional acrylate compounds such as ethyl acrylate; epoxy compounds such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether; 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanol-tris [3- ( 1-aziridinyl) propionate], 4,4-bis (ethyleneiminocarbonylamino) diphenylmethane, trimethylol
- the liquid crystal layer forming composition may contain a known catalyst according to the reactivity of the cross-linking agent to improve the productivity in addition to improving the film strength and durability.
- the blending ratio of the crosslinking agent is preferably such that the concentration of the crosslinking agent in the cured resin obtained by curing the liquid crystal layer forming composition is 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%. If the blending ratio of the crosslinking agent is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of improving the crosslinking density may not be obtained, and conversely if it exceeds 20% by weight, the stability of the cured resin layer may be lowered.
- Antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants such as tetrakis (methylene-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) methane, phosphorus antioxidants, thioether antioxidants Is mentioned.
- the blending amount of the antioxidant is within a range in which the transparency and adhesive strength of the adhesive layer are not lowered.
- an alignment film as a means for aligning the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer on a substrate
- cellulose, silane coupling agent, polyimide, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy acrylate, silanol oligomer, polyacrylonitrile, A phenol resin, polyoxazole, cyclized polyisoprene and the like can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the alignment film can be a film thickness that can achieve the desired alignment uniformity of the liquid crystal layer, and is preferably 0.001 to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m.
- Still other alignment means include photo-alignment films such as those disclosed in JP-A-6-289374, JP 2002-507782 A, Japanese Patent No. 4267080, Japanese Patent No. 4664782, Japanese Patent No. 4022985, and US Pat. No. 5,389,698. A method using polarized UV can be mentioned.
- an alignment treatment such as direct rubbing of an appropriate substrate surface may be performed without using an alignment film, and a transparent resin substrate is usually used as such a substrate.
- Transparent means that, for example, the thickness is 1 mm and the total light transmittance (measured using a turbidimeter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., NDH-300A) in accordance with JIS K7361-1997) is 80% or more.
- the transparent resin substrate include alicyclic olefin polymers, chain olefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, triacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, polyarylate, polyester, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone.
- a single layer or laminated film made of a synthetic resin such as a modified acrylic polymer, an epoxy resin, polystyrene, or an acrylic resin.
- those composed of alicyclic olefin polymers or chain olefin polymers are preferred, and those composed of alicyclic olefin polymers from the viewpoint of transparency, low hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, light weight, and the like. Particularly preferred.
- the material of a transparent resin base material may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
- an alignment treatment effect can be obtained without rubbing treatment.
- an alignment treatment effect can also be obtained by rubbing treatment, rubbing treatment using an alignment film, or polarized UV irradiation. it can.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more, preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoints of handling properties in a manufacturing apparatus, material cost, thickness reduction and weight reduction. is there.
- a method of forming a second retardation film once on a commercially available inexpensive birefringent base material and finally transferring it onto the first retardation film via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer can also be taken.
- Such a method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-91616.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive used in the adhesive layer include a narrow sense of losing the viscosity at room temperature by curing.
- Adhesives including hot melt adhesives, UV curable adhesives, EB type curable adhesives, etc.
- adhesives that do not lose their tackiness pressure sensitive adhesives, etc.
- an adhesive agent with high transparency is used.
- an adhesive that does not change its physical properties immediately after bonding or an adhesive that quickly cures for example, a hot melt adhesive, a UV curable adhesive, an EB curable adhesive, etc.
- a UV curable adhesive and an EB curable adhesive are particularly preferable.
- an adhesive agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the adhesive layer may contain an additive as long as the effect is not significantly impaired.
- the additive include a light diffusing agent.
- a light diffusing agent is a particle having a property of diffusing light, and can be roughly classified into an inorganic filler and an organic filler.
- the inorganic filler include glass, silica, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium silicate, and a mixture thereof.
- the organic filler examples include acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polyamide resin, polysiloxane resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, fluorine resin, polycarbonate resin, silicone resin, polyethylene resin, Examples thereof include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile, and a cross-linked product thereof.
- an acrylic resin, a polystyrene resin, a polysiloxane resin, and fine particles made of a crosslinked product thereof are preferable in terms of high dispersibility, high heat resistance, and no coloration (yellowing) during molding. .
- fine particles made of a crosslinked product of an acrylic resin are more preferable in terms of more excellent transparency.
- what consists of 2 or more types of materials as a light-diffusion agent may be used, and may be used combining 2 or more types of light-diffusion agents.
- the amount of the light diffusing agent is usually 0.5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content contained in the uncured adhesive.
- the specific amount of the light diffusing agent is determined by the desired haze value and the film thickness of the adhesive layer.
- the haze value (measured using “turbidimeter NDH-300A” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. according to JIS K7361-1) is preferably 3% or less.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer can be arbitrarily selected as long as the optical properties, reliability and mechanical strength are not impaired, but is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the transmittance may be lowered, or the adhesive layer may be insufficiently cured, resulting in reduced reliability and mechanical strength.
- the thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, bubbles may be mixed in the bonding process due to the influence of the surface unevenness of the members to be bonded.
- the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer used have higher hardness.
- the pencil hardness when measured alone is preferably in the range of HB or higher.
- the second retardation film is formed by applying a composition for forming a liquid crystal layer on the surface to form a layer of the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer, and subjecting the layer to different curing treatments for each region.
- a composition for forming a liquid crystal layer can be applied.
- the surface to which the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer is applied can be a substrate or a surface on an alignment film formed on the substrate.
- Such a surface can be subjected to an alignment treatment for aligning the liquid crystal compound in the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer, if necessary, prior to coating. Examples of such alignment treatment include the various rubbing treatments described above.
- the liquid crystal compound when a stretched polymer is employed as the substrate, the liquid crystal compound can be aligned without performing an alignment treatment.
- the coating method the known methods described above can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal compound in the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer is aligned, and in that state, only a part of the region is subjected to weak ultraviolet exposure, and then the alignment state is changed, A method of performing relatively strong ultraviolet exposure in this state can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal compound in the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer is aligned, and only a portion of the region is heated in that state, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound varies from region to region.
- a desired pattern can be obtained by performing selective UV exposure on the layer of the liquid crystal layer forming composition through a photomask having a transmission portion and a light shielding portion corresponding to the pattern shape to be applied. Can be applied to the layer.
- the photomask a fixed type and a transfer type can be used depending on the situation.
- the fixed type photomask refers to what is fixedly installed on the process line
- the transport type photomask refers to a long film that can be transported on the process line.
- the transporting photomask can also serve as a base material to which the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer is applied. That is, selective UV exposure can be performed by applying a composition for forming a liquid crystal layer on one surface of a photomask to form a layer, and irradiating UV on the other surface of the photomask.
- the light-shielding portion of the photomask can be manufactured using techniques such as resist and printing. For printing, techniques such as die, gravure, inkjet, screen, and rotary screen can be used as appropriate.
- a method for creating a pattern using a photomask can be designed according to a magnification that is uniquely determined from a width to be finally set, a distance between the photomask and a liquid crystal layer, a light distribution characteristic of a light source to be used, and the like.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a long second retardation film that can be produced by this method.
- the second retardation film 11A has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 112a and an isotropic resin region 112b extending in parallel with the longitudinal direction.
- the second retardation film formed as a long film can be stored in the state of the roll body 110.
- the region patterned in stripes parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film shown in FIG. 11 is the longitudinal direction regardless of whether a fixed photomask or a transporting photomask is used. It can be formed by providing a stripe-shaped light-shielding portion parallel to the surface and performing UV exposure through the light-shielding portion.
- the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer is applied onto a base material that has been subjected to a rubbing treatment or an alignment treatment by polarized UV, heated to remove the organic solvent to align the liquid crystal compound, and then the oriented layer.
- the cured resin layer region and the uncured resin layer region can be formed in stripes by performing UV exposure using the above-described photomask.
- the conditions for aligning the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer by heating are usually 40 ° C. or higher, preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and are usually 200 ° C. or lower, preferably 140 ° C. or lower.
- the treatment time in the heat treatment is usually 1 second or longer, preferably 5 seconds or longer, usually 3 minutes or shorter, preferably 120 seconds or shorter.
- the light irradiation may be performed, for example, by irradiating light having a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm for 0.01 second to 3 minutes.
- a weak region of 0.01 to 50 mJ / cm 2 is irradiated to a desired region of the liquid crystal layer forming composition layer aligned in an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or in the air, and ⁇ /
- the resin layer region having a phase difference of 2 is fixed, and then the uncured resin layer region is heated to the clearing point (NI point) or more of the liquid crystal composition to make the uncured resin layer region an isotropic phase.
- a resin layer having a region and an isotropic region can be obtained.
- the layer side of the composition for forming a liquid crystal layer of the substrate may be irradiated with UV through the photomask, or the backside may be irradiated with UV.
- the Re of the second retardation film can be measured, for example, with a two-dimensional birefringence evaluation system “manufactured by Photonic Lattice Co., Ltd .; WPA-micro”.
- the extension direction of the region patterned in the stripe shape is not limited to the film longitudinal direction, and may be an oblique direction or a perpendicular direction with respect to the film longitudinal direction.
- 12 and 13 are diagrams schematically showing another example of a long second retardation film that can be produced by this method.
- the second retardation film 12A has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 122a and an isotropic resin region 122b extending in an oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- the second retardation film formed as a long film can be stored in the state of the roll body 120.
- the second retardation film 13A has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 132a and an isotropic resin region 132b extending in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.
- the second retardation film formed as a long film can be stored in the state of the roll body 130.
- the stripes oblique to the longitudinal direction of the film shown in FIG. 12 or the pattern perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the film shown in FIG. 13 is inclined or orthogonal when a fixed photomask is used.
- Such stripe-shaped light shielding portions are provided, and flash exposure can be applied through the light-shielding portions according to the transport speed.
- stripes that are inclined or orthogonal are used. It can be provided by providing a light-shielding part in the form of UV and exposing it through UV.
- Preferable examples of the coating machine having such a mechanism include those disclosed in WO2008 / 007782.
- the light emitting roll has a structure capable of emitting UV light from the roll surface.
- a UV light source 151 is arranged inside a roll with high light shielding properties, and a UV light extraction opening 152 and a light shielding part 153 are provided on the roll surface to constitute a light emitting roll. can do.
- the holes for extracting UV light so as to correspond to the desired stripe pattern, UV exposed / unexposed areas are created in the layer of the liquid crystal layer forming composition passing over the roll, and the stripes are formed. Pattern can be applied.
- a light guide 164 is provided on the roll surface like a roll 16A shown in FIG. 16, and UV light is incident from the end face 167 of the light guide.
- a structure in which UV light is extracted from the light output portion is conceivable.
- the layer of the liquid crystal layer forming composition passing on the roll is exposed to UV / non-exposed.
- a part can be created and a striped pattern can be applied.
- the supply of UV light to the end face 167 can be performed from the UV light source 161 through the optical fiber 168.
- a UV light source 171 is installed inside the roll shaft like a roll 17A shown in FIG. 17, and a light guide disk 175 and a light shielding disk 176 are arranged side by side.
- a UV-exposed / unexposed area can be created in the liquid crystal layer passing over the roll to give a stripe pattern.
- the liquid crystal layer forming composition is applied without performing a difficult operation such as performing different alignment treatment (rubbing treatment or the like) for each region or applying a different liquid crystal layer forming composition for each region.
- a difficult operation such as performing different alignment treatment (rubbing treatment or the like) for each region or applying a different liquid crystal layer forming composition for each region.
- a plurality of regions can be efficiently formed in a state where uniform alignment treatment is performed on the entire surface and the same composition is applied to the entire surface as the liquid crystal layer forming composition.
- the retardation film laminate of the present invention includes a first retardation film and a second retardation film. Examples of the retardation film laminate of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a retardation film laminate obtained by bonding the second retardation film shown in FIG. 4 to the first retardation film via an adhesive layer. That is, the retardation film laminate 18A shown in FIG. 18 has a second retardation film composed only of a resin layer 42 having a liquid crystal alignment resin region 42a and an isotropic resin region 42b.
- the retardation film laminate 18A further includes a first retardation film 180 bonded to the resin layer 42 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 185.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a retardation film laminate obtained by bonding the second retardation film shown in FIG. 1 to the first retardation film via an adhesive layer. That is, the retardation film laminate 19A shown in FIG. 19 has a second retardation film comprising a resin layer 12 having a liquid crystal alignment resin region 12a and an isotropic resin region 12b, and a base material 11. .
- the retardation film laminate 19A further includes a first retardation film 190 bonded to the resin layer 12 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 195.
- FIG. 20 shows an example of a retardation film laminate in which the second retardation film shown in FIG. 1 is bonded to the first retardation film via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer, as in FIG.
- FIG. 20 A of retardation film laminated bodies shown in FIG. 20 have the 2nd retardation film which consists of the resin layer 12 which has the liquid crystal aligning resin area
- the retardation film laminate 20 ⁇ / b> A further includes a first retardation film 200 bonded to the base material 11 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 205.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a retardation film laminate obtained by bonding the second retardation film shown in FIG. 3 to the first retardation film via an adhesive layer.
- the retardation film laminate 21A shown in FIG. 21 includes a base material 31 and a liquid crystal alignment resin region 32a and an isotropic resin region 32b bonded to the base material 31 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 33. It has the 2nd phase difference film which consists of resin layer 32 which has.
- the retardation film laminate 21 ⁇ / b> A further includes a first retardation film 210 bonded to the resin layer 32 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 215.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a retardation film laminate obtained by bonding the second retardation film shown in FIG. 3 to the first retardation film via an adhesive layer. That is, the retardation film laminate 22A shown in FIG.
- the retardation film laminate 22 ⁇ / b> A further includes a first retardation film 220 bonded to the base material 31 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 225.
- the adhesive and pressure-sensitive adhesive used for the adhesive layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are adhesives (including hot melt adhesives, UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives, EB-type cured pressure-sensitive adhesives, etc.) that lose their tackiness at room temperature upon curing.
- pressure-sensitive adhesives such as pressure-sensitive adhesives
- an adhesive agent with high transparency is used.
- an adhesive that does not change its physical properties immediately after bonding or an adhesive that quickly cures is preferred.
- a hot melt adhesive, a UV curable adhesive, an EB curable adhesive, etc. is particularly preferable.
- an adhesive agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the retardation film laminate of the present invention can be continuously produced as a long laminate by combining the first and second retardation films as described above.
- the retardation film laminate of the present invention can be formed by a method of continuously bonding the first retardation film and the second retardation film by roll-to-roll.
- the “long” film refers to a film having a length of at least 5 times the width of the film, preferably 10 times or more, specifically Means a length that can be stored in a roll and stored or transported.
- the “laminate” is a structure having a plurality of layers
- the “film laminate” is a film having a plurality of layers.
- laminate does not specifically limit the method of forming a plurality of layers constituting the laminate.
- a laminate having two layers may be prepared by forming one layer and then forming another layer on one surface thereof, and then bonding after forming the two layers separately. You may produce by.
- the display device of the present invention is a display device having a display area for the right eye and a display area for the left eye, and includes a cut product of the retardation film laminate of the present invention.
- the retardation film laminate is configured so that the first region and the second region of the retardation film laminate correspond to the display region for the right eye and the display region for the left eye, respectively. Is placed.
- the cut product can be obtained by appropriately cutting a long retardation film laminate into a size suitable for a display device.
- reference numeral 232 denotes a first retardation film
- 232a denotes a slow axis of the first retardation film
- 233 denotes a second retardation film
- 233a denotes a first area
- 233b denotes a second area
- 233c represents the direction of the slow axis in the first region.
- the second area 233b is an isotropic area.
- the first phase difference The slow axis 232a of the film needs to have a slow axis in a direction non-parallel to the polarization axis 231a of the polarized light emitted from the display unit. If the slow axis of the first retardation film is substantially parallel to the polarization axis 231a, the incident light 230 is transmitted without any birefringence, and the next second retardation is detected.
- the slow axis of the first retardation film is preferably in the range of 35 ° to 55 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the range of 40 ° to 50 ° is preferable.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of a combination with different types of display units.
- the display unit 241 and the retardation film laminate 245 are combined to form a display device.
- 242 is a first retardation film
- 242a is a slow axis of the first retardation film
- 243 is a second retardation film
- 243a is a first region
- 243b is a second region
- 243c represents the direction of the slow axis in the first region.
- the second region 243b is an isotropic region.
- Reference numeral 241a represents a polarization axis of light emitted from the display unit.
- the display unit 241 has a polarization axis in an oblique direction with respect to the vertical direction of the display unit.
- the slow axis 242a of the first retardation film needs to be arranged in a direction non-parallel to the polarization axis 241a of the light 240 emitted from the display unit.
- the slow axis can be made substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction because it is necessary to make the width of the product as wide as possible.
- the crossing angle is preferably in the range of 35 ° to 55 °, and more preferably in the range of 40 ° to 50 °.
- the second retardation film is disposed on the outermost surface on the viewer side of the display device.
- a hard coat layer or an antireflection film may be directly disposed on the outermost surface side of the second retardation film, or an appropriate layer may be provided via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
- a film in which a hard coat layer or an antireflection layer is formed on a substrate can also be bonded.
- materials disclosed in WO2006 / 019086 can be used as appropriate.
- the hard coat layer is a layer having a function of increasing the surface hardness of the base material, and exhibits a hardness of “H” or more in a pencil hardness test (a test plate is a glass plate) shown in JIS K5600-5-4. preferable.
- the material for forming the hard coat layer is preferably a material curable by heat or light, and organic hard coat materials such as organic silicone, melamine, epoxy, acrylic, and urethane acrylate. And inorganic hard coat materials such as silicon dioxide.
- materials disclosed in WO2005 / 001525 can be used as appropriate.
- the antireflection layer is a layer for preventing the reflection of external light, and is laminated on the surface of the substrate directly or via another layer such as a hard coat layer.
- the substrate provided with the antireflection layer has an reflectance of 2.0% at an incident angle of 5 ° and a wavelength of 430 nm to 700 nm (measured using, for example, JASCO Corporation, UV-Vis Near-Infrared Spectrophotometer V-570).
- the reflectance at an incident angle of 5 ° and a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 1.0% or less.
- a substrate having a small birefringence is optimal as a base material used for such purposes, and examples of usable materials include acetate-based polymer resins such as triacetyl cellulose (for example, TAC film manufactured by Konica Minolta) and alicyclic rings. Olefin polymer resin (for example, ZEONOR FILM (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Zeon). It can also be formed by a method in which a hard coat layer or an antireflection layer is formed on a birefringent substrate and transferred onto a second retardation film via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer. For the hard coat layer, antireflection layer, and adhesive layer or adhesive layer used in this case, the aforementioned materials can be used as appropriate.
- acetate-based polymer resins such as triacetyl cellulose (for example, TAC film manufactured by Konica Minolta) and alicyclic rings.
- Olefin polymer resin for example, ZEONOR FILM (registere
- the pixel position of the display panel and the pattern position of the second retardation film are in a desired relational arrangement. It is preferable to provide a standard point for alignment. Another member provided with a standard point may be used as an auxiliary member.
- 25 and 26 show another embodiment of the present invention that is different from the above.
- the display unit 251 and the retardation film laminate 255 are combined to form a display device.
- 252 indicates a first retardation film
- 252a indicates a slow axis of the first retardation film
- 253 indicates a second retardation film.
- These and the polarizing glasses 254 are combined to form a stereoscopic image device 256.
- Reference numeral 251a represents the polarization axis of the light 250 emitted from the display unit.
- Reference numeral 253a denotes a twisted nematic (TN) region for rotating the linearly polarized light 250 incident on this region by 90 °
- reference numeral 253b denotes an isotropic region which is cured in a state where liquid crystal molecules are randomly arranged.
- the display unit 261 and the retardation film laminate 265 are combined to form a display device.
- 262 indicates a first retardation film
- 262a indicates a slow axis of the first retardation film
- 263 indicates a second retardation film.
- These and the polarizing glasses 264 are combined to form a stereoscopic image device 266.
- Reference numeral 261a represents the polarization axis of the light 260 emitted from the display unit.
- 263a is a twisted nematic (TN) region that rotates 90 ° of the linearly polarized light 260 incident on this region
- 263b is an isotropic region that is cured in a state where liquid crystal molecules are randomly arranged.
- the first retardation film is disposed on the outermost surface on the viewer side. Also in this case, as described above, it is possible to combine with a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer, an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, or the like. However, as a more preferable embodiment, an ultraviolet absorber is included in the first retardation film. Is introduced.
- a multilayer extruded film which is stretched after simultaneously extruding a plurality of layers containing a resin having high solubility in an ultraviolet absorber is preferable.
- a multilayer extruder disclosed in JP-A-2006-188018, JP-A-2006-231763, and the like are used, and Japanese Patent No. 4461795, JP-A-2006-212988, Multilayer films disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 2006-212989, 2008-73890, and 2009-178899 can be used.
- the retardation film laminate thus formed is bonded to a dichroic polarizer (not shown) on the display device via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer, but has a protective layer on both sides.
- a dichroic polarizer not shown
- omitted one protective layer can also be taken.
- an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer is used between the polarizer and the retardation film laminate.
- a non-aqueous ultraviolet curable adhesive layer such as epoxy, urethane, or polyester.
- the polarizing plate composite of the present invention includes the retardation film laminate of the present invention and a polarizing plate.
- 27 to 31 show examples of the polarizing plate composite of the present invention (the polarizing plate protective layer is not shown).
- a polarizing plate composite 27A includes a base material 271, an alignment film 273 formed on the base material 271, and a liquid crystal alignment resin region 272a and an isotropic resin region 272b formed on the alignment film 273.
- a retardation film laminate including a resin layer 272 and a first retardation film 270 provided on the resin layer 272 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 275 is provided.
- the polarizing plate composite 27 ⁇ / b> A also includes a polarizing plate 278 provided on the base material 271 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 276.
- a polarizing plate composite 28A includes a base material 281, a resin layer 282 that is formed on the base material 281 without an alignment film, and has a liquid crystal alignment resin region 282a and an isotropic resin region 282b, and a resin layer 282. It has the retardation film laminated body containing the 1st retardation film 280 provided through the adhesion layer or the contact bonding layer 285 on it.
- the polarizing plate composite 28 ⁇ / b> A also includes a polarizing plate 288 provided on the base 281 with an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 286 interposed therebetween.
- the polarizing plate composite 29A includes a resin layer 292 having a liquid crystal alignment resin region 292a and an isotropic resin region 292b, and a first layer provided on the resin layer 292 with an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 295 interposed therebetween.
- the polarizing plate composite 29 ⁇ / b> A also includes a polarizing plate 298 provided on the resin layer 292 through an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 296.
- a polarizing plate composite 30A includes a base material 301, an alignment film 303 formed on the base material 301, a liquid crystal alignment resin region 302a and an isotropic resin region 302b formed on the alignment film 303.
- a polarizing plate composite 31A includes a base material 311, a resin layer 312 formed on the base material 311 without an alignment film and having a liquid crystal alignment resin region 312a and an isotropic resin region 312b, It has a retardation film laminate including a first retardation film 310 provided on an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 315 on 311.
- the polarizing plate composite 31 ⁇ / b> A also includes a polarizing plate 318 provided on the resin layer 312 via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer 316.
- a right-eye image and a left-eye image that are simultaneously displayed on a display unit (not shown) and incident as indicated by arrows 320 and 330 are respectively converted into left and right circularly polarized images 322 by the retardation film laminates 321 and 331 of the present invention.
- Reference numerals 323L, 323R, 333L, and 333R denote ⁇ / 4 plates, and 326 and 336 denote polarizing plates.
- the image passing through the liquid crystal alignment resin region of the second retardation film in the left and right circularly polarized images 322 is the left eye image
- the image passing through the isotropic resin region is the right eye image.
- the image for the left eye exits from the retardation film laminate 321 as left circularly polarized light 322a.
- the image for the right eye is emitted from the retardation film laminate 321 as right circularly polarized light 322b.
- the image of the left circularly polarized light 322a is converted into linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 326 by one of the ⁇ / 4 plates 323L of the polarizing glasses, and by the other ⁇ / 4 plate 323R of the polarizing glasses, Since the light is converted into linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 326, the light passes through the left-eye polarizing plate 326L, is blocked by the right-eye polarizing plate 326R, and reaches one eye of the observer.
- the image of the right circularly polarized light 322b is converted into linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 326 by one ⁇ / 4 plate 323R of the polarizing glasses, and the other ⁇ / 4 plate of the polarizing glasses. Since the light is converted into linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 326 by 323L, the light passes through the right-eye polarizing plate 326L and is shielded by the left-eye polarizing plate 326R and reaches the other eye of the observer. To do. In this way, the viewer recognizes this stereoscopically by generating parallax in the display image. In the case of FIG.
- an image that has passed through the liquid crystal alignment resin region of the second retardation film is an image for the left eye
- an image that has passed through the isotropic resin region is an image for the right eye.
- the image for the left eye is emitted from the retardation film laminate 331 as left circularly polarized light 332a.
- the image for the right eye is emitted from the retardation film laminate 331 as the right circularly polarized light 332b.
- the image of the left circularly polarized light 332a is converted into linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 336 by one ⁇ / 4 plate 333L of the polarizing glasses, and by the other ⁇ / 4 plate 333R of the polarizing glasses, Since it is converted into linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 336, it passes through the left-eye polarizing plate 336L, is shielded by the right-eye polarizing plate 336R, and reaches one eye of the observer.
- the image of the right circularly polarized light 332b is converted into linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 336 by one ⁇ / 4 plate 333R of the polarizing glasses, and the other ⁇ / 4 plate of the polarizing glasses. Since the light is converted into linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 336 by 333L, the light passes through the right-eye polarizing plate 336L and is blocked by the left-eye polarizing plate 336R and reaches the other eye of the observer. To do. In this way, the viewer recognizes this stereoscopically by generating parallax in the display image.
- the retardation film laminate of the present invention and the polarizing glasses manufactured by the materials and methods described in FIG. 33 are arranged, when the right-eye image 332b is incident on the left-eye glasses, the retardation film Since the slow axis of the liquid crystal alignment resin region of the second retardation film of the laminate 331 and the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 plate 333L of the polarizing glasses are orthogonal to each other, the wavelength dispersion cancels each other, and the same linearly polarized light as the incident light Therefore, the right-eye image is ideally blocked by the left-eye polarizing plate 336L of the polarizing glasses and does not reach the observer.
- the right-eye polarizing plate 336R of the polarizing glasses cannot be shielded from light and may cause leakage light.
- Such leakage of light functions as a ⁇ / 2 plate for light having a wavelength of around 550 nm (green region) due to the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal, but the short wavelength region (blue region) and long wavelength range. Since it does not function as an accurate ⁇ / 2 plate for light in the region (red region), the polarization direction does not change in the state of complete linear polarization, resulting in elliptical polarization.
- the relationship between the slow axis of the second retardation film on the display device side and the slow axis of the compensation layer 343a or 353a is orthogonal when viewed from the viewer side.
- a display device including a retardation film laminate 341 and polarizing glasses 344 are used in combination.
- the polarizing glasses 344 have a combination 343 of members including a compensation layer 343a that is a ⁇ / 2 plate only for the right eye, a ⁇ / 4 plate 343b, and a polarizing plate 346.
- the light of the left-eye image is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate and the ⁇ / 2 plate,
- the left circularly polarized light 342a is emitted from the display device.
- This left circularly polarized light is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate 345L in the combination 343 of polarized glasses, thereby being converted into linearly polarized light 345, passes through the polarizing plate 346L, and reaches the left eye.
- the right-eye image light is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate and emitted from the display device to the right circle. It becomes polarized light 342b.
- This right circularly polarized light is transmitted through the ⁇ / 2 plate 343a and the ⁇ / 4 plate 345R in the polarization glasses member combination 343, thereby being converted into linearly polarized light 345, passes through the polarizing plate 346R, and reaches the right eye.
- a display device including the retardation film laminate 351 and polarizing glasses 354 are used in combination.
- the polarizing glasses 354 include a combination 353 of members including a compensation layer 353a that is a ⁇ / 2 plate only for the left eye, a ⁇ / 4 plate 353b, and a polarizing plate 356.
- a compensation layer 353a that is a ⁇ / 2 plate only for the left eye
- a ⁇ / 4 plate 353b a polarizing plate 356.
- the light of the left-eye image is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate and the ⁇ / 2 plate, The light is emitted from the display device and becomes left circularly polarized light 352a.
- This left circularly polarized light is transmitted through the ⁇ / 2 plate 353a and the ⁇ / 4 plate 355L in the combination 353 of polarized glasses, thereby being converted into linearly polarized light 355, passing through the polarizing plate 356L, and reaching the left eye. .
- the right-eye image light is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate and emitted from the display device to the right circle. The polarization becomes 352b.
- This right circularly polarized light is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate 355R in the combination 353 of polarizing glasses, thereby being converted into linearly polarized light 355, passes through the polarizing plate 356R, and reaches the right eye.
- the same linear polarization state as the incident light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer of the polarizing glasses) Relationship
- the polarizing glasses according to the present invention can be appropriately combined with a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer, an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, or the like as described above.
- a 5 wt% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was applied to one side of the film using a # 2 wire bar to form a coating film, and the coating film was dried to form an alignment film having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m. Next, the alignment film was rubbed to produce a transparent resin substrate having the alignment film.
- composition 1 for Forming Liquid Crystal Layer Each component was mixed by the compounding ratio (weight part) shown in Table 1, and the composition for liquid crystal layer formation was prepared.
- the detail of each component contained in the composition for liquid crystal layer formation is as follows.
- the trade name LC242 (manufactured by BASF) was used as the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. ⁇ n value: 0.14 (Senarum method)
- trade name Irgacure OXE02 manufactured by Ciba Japan
- surfactant a fluorine-based surfactant (trade name “Factent 209F” manufactured by Neos) was used.
- Trimethylolpropane triacrylate was used as the crosslinking agent.
- This coating film was subjected to orientation treatment at 75 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then the film was irradiated with weak ultraviolet rays as the first ultraviolet irradiation.
- the first ultraviolet irradiation step ultraviolet rays from a radiation source are passed through a photomask having a light-shielding portion made of resist and the back surface of the transparent resin substrate (that is, the side opposite to the surface on which the coating film is formed). The surface was irradiated.
- the amount of ultraviolet light was 0.1 to 45 mJ / cm 2 .
- the coating film other than the liquid crystal alignment resin region was transferred from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase by a heating treatment at 130 ° C. for 10 seconds, and in this state, the second ultraviolet irradiation was performed.
- the second ultraviolet irradiation step ultraviolet rays were irradiated from the radiation source to the coating film surface side (that is, the surface opposite to the aforementioned “back surface”) without passing through a photomask.
- the amount of ultraviolet light was 2000 mJ / cm 2 . This irradiation was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the coating film was cured, and a second retardation film 1 having a liquid crystal alignment resin region having a retardation ⁇ / 2 and an isotropic resin region in the same resin layer was produced.
- the dry film thickness of the resin layer was 2 ⁇ m.
- the Re of the liquid crystal alignment resin region was 280 nm.
- the first ultraviolet irradiation step ultraviolet rays from a radiation source are passed through a photomask having a light-shielding portion made of resist and the back surface of the transparent resin substrate (that is, the side opposite to the surface on which the coating film is formed). The surface was irradiated. The amount of ultraviolet light was 0.1 to 45 mJ / cm 2 . By this irradiation, a liquid crystal alignment resin region having a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 was formed. Subsequently, the coating film other than the liquid crystal alignment resin region was transferred from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase by a heating treatment at 90 ° C. for 10 seconds, and in this state, the second ultraviolet ray was irradiated.
- ultraviolet rays were irradiated from the radiation source to the coating film surface side (that is, the surface opposite to the aforementioned “back surface”) without passing through a photomask.
- the amount of ultraviolet light was 2000 mJ / cm 2 .
- This irradiation was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the coating film was cured, and a second retardation film 2 having a liquid crystal alignment resin region having a retardation ⁇ / 2 and an isotropic resin region in the same resin layer was produced.
- the dry film thickness of the resin layer was 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the Re of the liquid crystal alignment resin region was 270 nm.
- the first ultraviolet irradiation step ultraviolet rays from a radiation source are passed through a photomask having a light-shielding part made of resist, and the back surface of the transparent resin substrate (that is, the side opposite to the surface on which the coating film is formed). Surface) side.
- the amount of ultraviolet light was 0.1 to 45 mJ / cm 2 .
- a resin region in which the nematic orientation was fixed was formed.
- the coating film other than the resin region in which the nematic alignment is fixed is transferred from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase, and in this state, the second ultraviolet irradiation is performed. It was.
- ultraviolet rays were irradiated from the radiation source to the coating film surface side (that is, the surface opposite to the aforementioned “back surface”) without passing through a photomask.
- the amount of ultraviolet light was 2000 mJ / cm 2 .
- This irradiation was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the coating film was cured, and a second retardation film 3 having a resin region in which the nematic orientation was fixed and an isotropic resin region in the same resin layer was produced.
- the dry film thickness of the resin layer was 20 ⁇ m.
- the second retardation film 3 is disposed between two linear polarizing plates, and the linearly polarized light transmission axes of the two linear polarizing plates are aligned with the rubbing direction of the second retardation film 3.
- the nematic resin layer portion was in the quenching position. This means that the linearly polarized light is rotated 90 ° in the nematic resin layer of the second retardation film 3, and the nematic resin layer of the second retardation film 3 moves in the thickness direction. It was confirmed that a nematic resin layer twisted by 90 ° was formed.
- a circularly polarizing plate 1 having a layer configuration of (retardation film) / (PSA) / (polarizing plate) was obtained.
- the relationship between the slow axis direction of the first retardation film and the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate was as follows. That is, when the observer observes from the surface on the polarizing plate side, the slow axis direction of the first retardation film is inclined 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate. .
- the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 film 1 is a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, and the slow axis direction of the first retardation film is The direction inclined 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate.
- the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 film 2 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, and the slow axis direction of the first retardation film is The direction inclined 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate.
- the relationship between the slow axis direction of the first retardation film and the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate was as follows. That is, when the observer observes from the surface on the polarizing plate side, the slow axis direction of the first retardation film is inclined 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate. .
- the polarizing glasses 1 were obtained by arranging the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 2 so as to be aligned in the fields of view of the left and right eyes of the observer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 2 are both arranged so that the surface on the polarizing plate side becomes the viewer side when worn by the viewer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 2 were both arranged so that the polarizing plate transmission axis was in the vertical direction when worn by the observer.
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 1 is in the upper left to lower right direction
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 2 is in the upper left to lower right.
- the ⁇ / 2 film 1 slow axis direction was the left-right direction.
- Polarizing glasses 2 were obtained by arranging the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 3 so as to be aligned in the fields of view of the left and right eyes of the observer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 3 are both arranged so that the surface on the polarizing plate side becomes the viewer side when worn by the viewer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 3 were both arranged so that the polarizing plate transmission axis was in the vertical direction when worn by an observer.
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 1 is in the upper left to lower right direction
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 3 is in the upper left to lower right.
- the ⁇ / 2 film 1 slow axis direction was the left-right direction.
- the polarizing glasses 3 were obtained by arranging the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 4 so as to be aligned in the fields of view of the left and right eyes of the observer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 4 are both arranged so that the surface on the polarizing plate side becomes the viewer side when worn by the viewer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 1 and the circularly polarizing plate 4 were both arranged so that the polarizing plate transmission axis was in the vertical direction when worn by an observer.
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 1 is in the upper left to lower right direction
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 4 is in the upper left to lower right. It became a direction.
- the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 film 2 is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, and the slow axis direction of the first retardation film is The direction inclined 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate.
- the polarizing glasses 4 were obtained by arranging the circularly polarizing plate 5 and the circularly polarizing plate 6 so as to be aligned in the field of view of the left and right eyes of the observer.
- the circularly polarizing plate 5 and the circularly polarizing plate 6 are both arranged so that the surface on the polarizing plate side becomes the observer side when worn by the observer.
- both the circularly polarizing plate 5 and the circularly polarizing plate 6 were arranged so that the polarizing plate transmission axis was in the left-right direction when worn by the observer.
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 5 is in the upper left to lower right direction
- the first retardation film slow axis of the circularly polarizing plate 6 is in the upper left to lower right direction.
- the ⁇ / 2 film 1 slow axis direction was the left-right direction.
- Example 1 Production of retardation film laminate 1
- a first retardation film one side of an obliquely stretched ZEONOR film (registered trademark, manufactured by Zeon Corporation, orientation angle 45 ° birefringence measuring device [manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., KOBRA-WIST]) Corona discharge treatment was applied so that the wetting index was 56 dyne / cm, and the corona-treated surface and the second retardation film 1 produced in Production Example 5 were faced to face each other, and an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (SK Dyne 2094 (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., 30% by weight of polymer content) and a curing agent E-AX (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) added at a ratio of 5 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of polymer in SK Dyne 2094 ) To produce a retardation film laminate 1.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer was 20 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Production of retardation film laminate 2
- Example 2 As the second retardation film, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second retardation film 2 produced in Production Example 6 was used instead of the second retardation film 1 produced in Production Example 5. Thus, a retardation film laminate 2 was produced.
- Example 3 Production of retardation film laminate 3
- the second retardation film 3 produced in Production Example 7 was used instead of the second retardation film 1 produced in Production Example 5.
- a retardation film laminate 3 was produced.
- Example 1 The retardation film laminate 1 obtained in Example 1 was placed on the viewing-side polarizing plate of the display device (manufactured by Sony Corporation, BRAVIA (registered trademark) EX700 32 inch) and the pixel position of the display device panel and the retardation film laminate 1 After performing alignment so that the stripe positions correspond to each other, bonding was performed using PSA to obtain a display device for evaluation.
- the display device manufactured by Sony Corporation, BRAVIA (registered trademark) EX700 32 inch
- the transmission viewing axis of the display viewing side polarizing plate is in the vertical direction
- the first retardation film slow axis of the display is from the upper right side to The left hand lower direction
- the anisotropic region slow axis of the second retardation film of the display was the vertical direction.
- the retardation film laminate 2 obtained in Example 2 was placed on the viewing side polarizing plate of the display device (manufactured by Sony Corporation, BRAVIA (registered trademark) EX700 32 inch), the pixel position of the display device panel and the retardation film laminate 2. After performing alignment so that the stripe positions correspond to each other, bonding was performed using PSA to obtain a display device for evaluation.
- the display device for evaluation when an observer observes a vertically standing display, the transmission viewing axis of the display viewing side polarizing plate is in the vertical direction, and the first retardation film slow axis of the display is from the upper right side to The left hand lower direction, the anisotropic region slow axis of the second retardation film of the display was the vertical direction.
- An evaluation image was input from a personal computer to the evaluation display device, and the displayed image was visually evaluated via the polarizing glasses 2. It was confirmed that a good stereoscopic image was obtained.
- the retardation film laminate 3 obtained in Example 3 was placed on the viewing side polarizing plate of a display device (manufactured by Sony Corporation, BRAVIA (registered trademark) EX700 32inch), and the pixel position of the display device panel and the retardation film laminate 3 After performing alignment so that the stripe positions correspond to each other, bonding was performed using PSA to obtain a display device for evaluation.
- a display device for evaluation when an observer observes a vertically standing display, the transmission viewing axis of the display viewing side polarizing plate is in the vertical direction, and the first retardation film slow axis of the display is from the upper right side to The left hand lower direction, the anisotropic region slow axis of the second retardation film of the display was the vertical direction.
- An evaluation image was input to the evaluation display device from a personal computer, and the displayed image was visually evaluated via the polarizing glasses 3. It was confirmed that a good stereoscopic image was obtained.
- the retardation film laminate 2 obtained in Example 2 was placed on the viewing side polarizing plate of the display device (manufactured by Sony Corporation, BRAVIA (registered trademark) EX700 32 inch), the pixel position of the display device panel and the retardation film laminate 2. After performing alignment so that the stripe positions correspond to each other, bonding was performed using PSA to obtain a display device for evaluation.
- the display device for evaluation when an observer observes a vertically standing display, the transmission viewing axis of the display viewing side polarizing plate is in the vertical direction, and the first retardation film slow axis of the display is from the upper right side to The left hand lower direction, the anisotropic region slow axis of the second retardation film of the display was the vertical direction.
- An evaluation image was input to the evaluation display device from a personal computer, and the displayed image was visually evaluated via the polarizing glasses 4. It was confirmed that a good stereoscopic image was obtained.
- the retardation film laminate of the present invention is used in a display device used for stereoscopic display.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕面内に一様な位相差を有する第一の位相差フィルムと、異なる位相差を有する複数の領域が面内にパターン化されて存在する第二の位相差フィルムとを含む長尺状の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔2〕第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルムの長手方向と非平行な遅相軸を有することを特徴とする〔1〕に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔3〕第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルム面に対して垂直に透過する光に対して略λ/4の位相差を発現することを特徴とする〔1〕から〔2〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔4〕第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルムの長手方向に対して非平行な延伸軸を有することを特徴とする〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔5〕第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルムの長手方向に対して非平行な遅相軸を有する液晶樹脂層であることを特徴とする〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔7〕第二の位相差フィルムが位相差の異なる第一領域と第二領域とを少なくとも有し、第一領域は入射した偏光を、その偏光状態を実質的に変えずに出射し、第二領域は入射した偏光と直交した偏光を出射することを特徴とする〔1〕から〔6〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔8〕第二の位相差フィルムが位相差の異なる第一領域と第二領域とを少なくとも有し、第一領域は入射した偏光を、その偏光状態を実質的に変えずに出射し、第二領域は入射した円偏光を実質的に回転の向きを反転させて出射することを特徴とする〔1〕から〔6〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔9〕光源側より第一の位相差フィルムと第二の位相差フィルムとがこの順に配置されたことを特徴とする〔1〕から〔8〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔10〕光源側より第二の位相差フィルムと第一の位相差フィルムとがこの順に配置されたことを特徴とする〔1〕から〔8〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
〔12〕〔1〕から〔11〕のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム積層体および偏光板を含むことを特徴とする偏光板複合体。
〔13〕右目用の表示領域と左目用の表示領域とを有する表示装置であって、
〔7〕または〔8〕に記載の位相差フィルム積層体の裁断物を含み、
前記右目用の表示領域及び前記左目用の表示領域に、前記位相差フィルム積層体の前記第一領域と第二領域がそれぞれ対応するよう、前記位相差フィルム積層体の裁断物が配置されていることを特徴とする表示装置。
本発明で使用する第一の位相差フィルムは面内に一様な位相差を有するものである。この様な位相差フィルムの例としては特開平5-2108号公報に示されるような延伸ポリマーからなるものや、特開2003-177242号公報に示されるような液晶塗布型、特開2006-51796号公報に示されるような構造複屈折性のものなどが挙げられる。この内、もっとも経済性に優れるものは延伸ポリマーからなるものであるが、フィルムの長手方向に対して非平行な延伸軸を有するものが好ましい。特に、特開2003-342384号公報、特開2007-90532号公報で示されるように斜め延伸したものが有効である。また、WO2003/102639号のように斜め延伸フィルムを組合せたものも適宜使用することができる。液晶塗布型でも経済性が許されれば、フィルムの長手方向に非平行な遅相軸を有するもの、例えば特開2000-66192号公報に示されるような製法で配向膜と配向方法を適宜選択して斜め方向に配向させた状態で配向状態を固定した液晶樹脂層を用いることも可能である。
本願において、液晶樹脂層(単に「液晶層」ともいう。)とは、樹脂を含み液晶状態を呈した材料の層を、その分子配向を維持したまま硬化させて得られる層をいう。
ここで、位相差が、面内において「一様」であるとは、面内で発生する位相差の分布が均一であることをいう。具体的には、フィルム面内を垂直に透過する光の波長550nmにおける面内位相差が、透過する光の波長範囲の中心値において、中心値の1/4の値から±65nm、好ましくは±30nm、より好ましくは±10nmの範囲であるか、もしくは中心値の3/4の値から±65nm、好ましくは±30nm、より好ましくは±10nmの範囲であることをいう。
面内に一様な位相差を有する第一の位相差フィルムは、さらに、位相差の波長依存性及び視野角特性についても、面内において一様であることが好ましい。
湿度膨張係数=(L70-L35)/(L35×△H)
(ここで、L35:35%RHのときのサンプル長(mm)、L70:70%RHのときのサンプル長(mm)、△H:35(=70-35)%RHである。
第一の位相差フィルムがこれらの要件を満たすことにより、連続生産性を高めることができる。具体的には、これらの要件を満たすことにより、この第一の位相差フィルムと適合する第二の位相差フィルムとして、異方性領域内の遅相軸が長尺方向と並行なものを採用することができ、その結果、本発明の位相差フィルム積層体の連続的な生産がより容易となる。
第一の位相差フィルムの厚みは、最終的な表示装置の外観仕様からの要請や、表示装置内部に使用される光学補償フィルムと協業的にパネルの反りを解消する目的で最適化されうる。
本発明で使用される第二の位相差フィルムは異なる位相差を有する複数の領域が面内にパターン化されて存在する第二の位相差フィルムである。
ここで、「パターン化される」とは、ある一定周期で繰り返される態様をいう。即ち、複数の領域が面内に「パターン化される」とは、面内に、2種類以上の領域が、面内のある方向に沿って観察した場合同じ順序で繰り返し現れるよう配置されることをいう。
例えば、本発明の位相差フィルム積層体がパッシブ型の立体画像装置に使用されるものである場合には、第二の位相差フィルムは、細長い帯状の領域が平行に並んだストライプ状にパターン化されたものであることが好ましく、特に、長手方向に伸びた細長い帯状の領域が平行に並び、フィルム面内において長手方向と直交する方向に沿って観察した場合かかる帯状の領域が繰り返し現れるよう配置されたストライプ状にパターン化されたものであることが好ましい。
異なる位相差を有する複数の領域とは、例えば、位相差を有する領域と、位相差を有さない領域とが存在する態様を示す。即ち、第二の位相差フィルムは、位相差の異なる第一領域と第二領域を少なくとも有し、第一領域は入射した偏光を実質的に変えずに出射し、第二領域は入射した円偏光を実質的に回転の向きを反転させて出射する態様とすることができる。
図1及び図2は第二の位相差フィルムの一例を模式的に示した図である(図1は図2に示すフィルムの断面図を示す)。
図1及び図2に示す例においては、第二の位相差フィルム1Aは、基材11と、基材11の上面に設けられた樹脂層12とを有している。樹脂層12は、液晶配向樹脂領域12a及び等方性樹脂領域12bを有している。
液晶配向樹脂領域12aは、基材11に液晶層形成用組成物を塗布し、該組成物が液晶相を呈した状態で硬化させることにより得られるものであり、略λ/2の位相差を示す異方性領域としうる。本願において略λ/2の位相差とは、透過光に対して略1/2波長の位相差Reを発現させうるものである。具体的には、位相差Reが、透過光の波長範囲の中心値において、中心値の1/2の値から、通常±65nm、好ましくは±30nm、より好ましくは±10nmの範囲となっている場合に、透過光に対して略1/2波長の位相差Reを発現させうるといえる。通常、画像表示に用いられる光は可視光であるので、可視光の波長範囲の中心値である波長550nmに対して前記の要件を満たせば、略1/2波長の位相差Reを有することになる。
一方、等方性樹脂領域12bは、液晶分子がランダムに配置された等方相を呈した状態で硬化させることにより得られるものである。等方性樹脂領域12bは、第一領域は入射した偏光を、その偏光状態を実質的に変えずに出射する。
ここで、実質的に偏光状態を変えないとは、入射した偏光が直線偏光の場合はそのまま直線偏光で出射され、入射した偏光が円偏光の場合はそのまま円偏光で出射されるという意味である。本願において「実質的に」偏光状態を変えないとは、直線偏光の場合は、その直線偏光の振動方向のずれ角度が、厳密な角度0°±5゜未満の範囲内であることを意味する。厳密な角度との誤差は、4゜未満であることが好ましく、2゜未満であることがさらに好ましく、1゜未満であることが最も好ましい。円偏光の場合は、波長550nmにおける楕円率(王子計測機器(株)製の位相差測定装置「KOBRA-21ADH」)が0.96~1.0を維持することを意味する。楕円率とは、楕円偏光の長軸に対する短軸の比(短軸/長軸)をいい、楕円率=1は円偏光を、楕円率=0は直線偏光を示す。また、円偏光の回転の向きを「実質的に」反転させるとは、例えば、透過光の略λ/2の大きさの位相差を有し、透過光の波長範囲の中心値において、中心値の1/2の値から、通常±65nm、好ましくは±30nm、より好ましくは±10nmの範囲となっている場合に、入射する偏光と直交した偏光が出射することを意味する。この例においては、液晶配向樹脂領域12aと等方性樹脂領域12b間には物質的な連続性があり、例えば空隙などを挟んだ不連続なものとは区別される。
図3は、第二の位相差フィルムの別の例を模式的に示す断面図である。図3に示す例においては、図1に示した第二の位相差フィルムの構成要素に加えて、さらに配向膜33を含んだ態様を示している。この例においては、第二の位相差フィルム3Aは、基材31と、基材31の上面に設けられた配向膜33と、配向膜33の上面に設けられた樹脂層32とを有している。樹脂層32は、液晶配向樹脂領域32a及び等方性樹脂領域32bを有している。この例においても、液晶配向樹脂領域32aと等方性樹脂領域32b間には物質的な連続性があり、例えば空隙などを挟んだ不連続なものとは区別される。
図4は、第二の位相差フィルムのさらに別の例を模式的に示す断面図である。図4に示す例において、第二の位相差フィルム4Aは、樹脂層42のみから構成される。樹脂層42は、液晶配向樹脂領域42a及び等方性樹脂領域42bを有している。この例は、図1に示した第二の位相差フィルムの樹脂層12を基材から剥離し、樹脂層のみを、第二の位相差フィルムとした態様である。
図5及び図6は、そのような態様の第二の位相差フィルムの例を模式的に示した図である(図5は図6の断面図である)。
図5及び図6に示す例においては、第二の位相差フィルム5Aは、基材51と、基材51の上面に設けられた樹脂層52とを有している。樹脂層52は、ツイステッドネマチック(TN)領域52a及び等方性樹脂領域52bを有している。ツイステッドネマチック領域52aは、直線偏光を90°旋光させる領域であり、等方性樹脂領域52bは、液晶分子がランダムに配置された状態で硬化した領域である。ツイステッドネマチック領域は、液晶分子がツイステッドネマチック相を呈した状態で固定化することにより得られうる。
図7に示す例においては、図5に示した第二の位相差フィルムの構成要素に加えて、さらに配向膜73を含んだ態様を示している。この例においては、第二の位相差フィルム7Aは、基材71と、基材71の上面に設けられた配向膜73と、配向膜73の上面に設けられた樹脂層72とを有している。樹脂層72は、ツイステッドネマチック領域72a及び等方性樹脂領域72bを有している。
図8に示す例においては、第二の位相差フィルム8Aは、樹脂層82のみから構成される。樹脂層82は、ツイステッドネマチック領域82a及び等方性樹脂領域82bを有している。この例は、図5に示した第二の位相差フィルムの樹脂層52を基材から剥離し、樹脂層のみを、第二の位相差フィルムとした態様である。
また、図10に示すようなさらに45°旋光させるねじれ方向が互いに反対のツイステッドネマチック領域が交互に配列した実施形態も採用しうる。例えば図10に示す例では、第二の位相差フィルム10Aは、平行に配置されるツイステッドネマチック領域103a及び103bを有する樹脂層を含んでいる。この例では、樹脂層に直接接する層のラビング方向101はフィルムの長手方向と平行であり、それにより配向された領域103a及び103bは、それぞれ矢印102a及び102bにより示される方向に偏光を旋光させることができる。この場合も配向処理方向を長尺方向に平行にするために、必要に応じて配向規制力と配向が平行または直交する性質を有する配向膜を適宜選択しうる。
第二の位相差フィルムは、液晶層形成用組成物を、面上に塗布して、液晶層形成用組成物の層を形成し、かかる層に対して領域ごとに異なる硬化の処理を行うことにより形成することができる。
液晶層形成用組成物を塗布する対象の面としては、上に述べた通り、基材、又は基材上に形成された配向膜上の面としうる。かかる面には、必要に応じて、塗布に先立ち、液晶層形成用組成物中の液晶化合物を配向させるための配向処理を行うことができる。かかる配向処理の例としては、上に述べた各種のラビング処理を挙げることができる。また、基材として延伸ポリマーを採用した場合、配向処理を行わなくても液晶化合物を配向させうる。塗布の方法の例としては、上に述べた公知の方法を挙げることができる。
領域ごとに異なる硬化の処理の例としては、液晶層形成用組成物中の液晶化合物を配向させ、その状態で一部の領域のみに微弱な紫外線露光を行い、その後、配向状態を変化させ、その状態で比較的強い紫外線露光を行う方法を挙げることができる。領域ごとに異なる硬化の処理の他の例としては、液晶層形成用組成物中の液晶化合物を配向させ、その状態で一部の領域のみを加熱し、液晶化合物の配向状態を領域ごとに異なるものとし、その状態で紫外線露光を行う方法を挙げることができる。より具体的には、下記の方法が挙げられる。
(i)ひとつは選択的なUV露光を用いる方法である。UV露光を用いる場合では、付与したいパターン形状に対応した透過部と遮光部とを備えるフォトマスクを介して液晶層形成用組成物の層に選択的なUV露光を行うことで所望のパターンを液晶層に付与することができる。フォトマスクには、固定式と、搬送式とが、状況に応じて使用されうる。ここで固定式のフォトマスクとは工程ライン上に固定設置されるものを指し、搬送式のフォトマスクとは長尺のフィルム状で工程ライン上を搬送できるものを指す。なお、搬送式のフォトマスクは、液晶層形成用組成物を塗布する対象の基材を兼ねることもできる。即ち、フォトマスクの一方の面に液晶層形成用組成物を塗布して層を形成し、フォトマスクの他方の面にUVを照射することにより、選択的なUV露光を行うことができる。フォトマスクの遮光部はレジスト、印刷といった技術を用いて作製することができる。印刷にはダイ、グラビア、インクジェット、スクリーン、ロータリースクリーンといった手法が適宜使用できる。フォトマスクを用いるパターンの作成方法は、最終的に設定したい幅と、フォトマスクと液晶層間の距離、用いる光源の配光特性などから一義的に決められる倍率に応じて設計されうる。
図11において、第二の位相差フィルム11Aは、その長手方向に平行に延長する液晶配向樹脂領域112a及び等方性樹脂領域112bを有している。長尺のフィルムとして形成した第二の位相差フィルムは、ロール体110の状態で保存することができる。
図11に示されたフィルム長手方向に対して平行なストライプ状にパターン化された領域は、固定式のフォトマスクを使用する場合においても、搬送式のフォトマスクを使用する場合においても、長手方向に平行なストライプ状の遮光部を設け、それを介してUV露光することにより形成することができる。具体的には、ラビング処理や偏光UVによる配向処理を付与した基材上に液晶層形成用組成物を塗布し、加熱して有機溶剤を除去して液晶化合物を配向せしめた後、配向した層に前述のフォトマスクを用いてUV露光することにより、硬化した樹脂層領域と未硬化の樹脂層領域をストライプ状に形成することができる。
図12及び図13は、それぞれ、この方法により製造されうる長尺の第二の位相差フィルムの別の例を模式的に示す図である。
図12において、第二の位相差フィルム12Aは、その長手方向に対して斜め方向に延長する液晶配向樹脂領域122a及び等方性樹脂領域122bを有している。長尺のフィルムとして形成した第二の位相差フィルムは、ロール体120の状態で保存することができる。図13において、第二の位相差フィルム13Aは、その長手方向に対して直交方向に延長する液晶配向樹脂領域132a及び等方性樹脂領域132bを有している。長尺のフィルムとして形成した第二の位相差フィルムは、ロール体130の状態で保存することができる。
図12に示されたフィルム長手方向に対して斜めのストライプ状または、図13に示されたフィルム長手方向に対して直交のパターンは、固定式フォトマスクを使用する場合には、傾斜または直交するようなストライプ状の遮光部を設け、それを介して搬送スピードに合わせたフラッシュ露光をすることにより付与することができ、搬送式のフォトマスクを使用する場合には、傾斜または直交するようなストライプ状の遮光部を設け、それを介してUV露光することにより付与することができる。このような機構を備えた塗布機の好適な例としては、WO2008/007782に開示されたものを挙げることができる。
上記のような選択的な露光又は選択的な加熱を行うことにより、塗布する液晶層形成用組成物及び液晶層形成用組成物を塗布する面に領域毎の差異が無くても、領域毎に異なる位相差を得ることができる。したがって、例えば、領域毎に異なる配向処理(ラビング処理等)を行なったり、領域毎に異なる液晶層形成用組成物を塗布したりといった困難な操作を行わず、液晶層形成用組成物を塗布する面全面に一様な配向処理を行ない、液晶層形成用組成物として全面に同じ組成物を塗布した状態で、複数の領域を効率的に形成することができる。
本発明の位相差フィルム積層体は、第一の位相差フィルムと第二の位相差フィルムとを含む。本発明の位相差フィルム積層体の例を図18、図19、図20、図21、及び図22に示す。
図18は、図4に示した第二の位相差フィルムを、粘着層を介して第一の位相差フィルムに貼合してなる位相差フィルム積層体の一例を示す断面図である。即ち、図18に示す位相差フィルム積層体18Aは、液晶配向樹脂領域42a及び等方性樹脂領域42bを有する樹脂層42のみからなる第二の位相差フィルム有している。位相差フィルム積層体18Aはさらに、樹脂層42に、粘着層又は接着層185を介して貼合された第一の位相差フィルム180を有している。
図19は、図1に示した第二の位相差フィルムを、粘着層を介して第一の位相差フィルムに貼合してなる位相差フィルム積層体の一例を示す断面図である。即ち、図19に示す位相差フィルム積層体19Aは、液晶配向樹脂領域12a及び等方性樹脂領域12bを有する樹脂層12と、基材11とからなる第二の位相差フィルムを有している。位相差フィルム積層体19Aはさらに、樹脂層12に、粘着層又は接着層195を介して貼合された第一の位相差フィルム190を有している。
図20は、図19と同様に、図1に示した第二の位相差フィルムを、接着層または粘着層を介して第一の位相差フィルムに貼合してなる位相差フィルム積層体の一例を示す断面図であるが、この例は、第二の位相差フィルムを、基材側で第一の位相差フィルムと貼合している点で図19の例とは異なる。即ち、図20に示す位相差フィルム積層体20Aは、液晶配向樹脂領域12a及び等方性樹脂領域12bを有する樹脂層12と、基材11とからなる第二の位相差フィルムを有している。位相差フィルム積層体20Aはさらに、基材11に、粘着層又は接着層205を介して貼合された第一の位相差フィルム200を有している。
図21は、図3に示した第二の位相差フィルムを、粘着層を介して第一の位相差フィルムに貼合してなる位相差フィルム積層体の一例を示す断面図である。即ち、図21に示す位相差フィルム積層体21Aは、基材31と、基材31に粘着層又は接着層33を介して貼合された、液晶配向樹脂領域32a及び等方性樹脂領域32bを有する樹脂層32とからなる第二の位相差フィルムを有している。位相差フィルム積層体21Aはさらに、樹脂層32に、粘着層又は接着層215を介して貼合された第一の位相差フィルム210を有している。
図22は、図3に示した第二の位相差フィルムを、粘着層を介して第一の位相差フィルムに貼合してなる位相差フィルム積層体の別の一例を示す断面図である。即ち、図22に示す位相差フィルム積層体22Aは、基材31と、基材31に粘着層又は接着層33を介して貼合された、液晶配向樹脂領域32a及び等方性樹脂領域32bを有する樹脂層32とからなる第二の位相差フィルムを有している。位相差フィルム積層体22Aはさらに、基材31に、粘着層又は接着層225を介して貼合された第一の位相差フィルム220を有している。
ここで接着層や粘着層に使われる接着剤や粘着剤は硬化によって常温下で粘着性を失う接着剤(ホットメルト接着剤、UV硬化型粘着剤、EB型硬化粘着剤等を含む。)と、粘着性を失わない粘着剤(感圧接着剤等)が挙げられる。接着剤の選択に特に制限は無いが、通常は透明性の高い接着剤を用いる。また、製造工程の時間短縮のために、貼り合わせ直後から物性が変化しない粘着剤か、速やかに硬化する接着剤(例えば、ホットメルト接着剤、UV硬化型接着剤、EB硬化型接着剤等)が好ましい。さらに製品の信頼性と機械的強度を確保するためには、UV硬化型接着剤及びEB硬化型接着剤が特に好ましい。なお、接着剤は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本願において「積層体」とは、複数の層を有する構造物であり、「フィルム積層体」とは、複数の層を有するフィルムである。「積層体」の文言は、それを構成する複数の層の形成方法を特に限定するものではない。例えば、2の層を有する積層体は、1の層を形成した後、その一方の面に他の層を形成することにより作製してもよく、2の層を別々に形成した後貼合することにより作製してもよい。
本発明の表示装置は、右目用の表示領域と左目用の表示領域を有する表示装置であって、前記本発明の位相差フィルム積層体の裁断物を含む。本発明の表示装置は、前記右目用の表示領域及び前記左目用の表示領域に、前記位相差フィルム積層体の前記第一領域及び前記第二領域がそれぞれ対応するよう、前記位相差フィルム積層体が配置される。裁断物は、長尺の位相差フィルム積層体を、表示装置に適合した寸法に適宜裁断することにより得ることができる。
本発明の一つの実施形態として、図23に示されるような表示部231と位相差フィルム積層体235とを配置した形態を挙げることができる。図23では、232は第一の位相差フィルム、232aは第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸、233は第二の位相差フィルム、233aは第一の領域、233bは第二の領域を示しており、233cは第一の領域における遅相軸の向きを表している。第二の領域233bは等方な領域である。これらと、偏光メガネ234とが組み合わされて、立体画像装置236が構成される。
図23のような配置で構成する(表示部から出射される偏光の偏光軸(即ち偏光板の透過軸に対応する方向)231aが表示部の縦方向に平行な)場合、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸232aは、表示部から出射される偏光の偏光軸231aに対して非平行な方向に遅相軸を有する必要がある。仮に、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸が実質的に偏光軸231aに平行である場合、入射光230は何ら複屈折の作用を受けることなく透過してしまい、次の第二の位相差フィルムで円偏光、または略円偏光へ変換するためには、第二の位相差フィルムの遅相軸を各領域において長尺方向に対してそれぞれ異なる方向に交差させる必要性が発生する。その場合、効率性と生産性を犠牲にしてしまい、本発明の目的を達成できない。したがって、図23に示すような偏光状態の偏光を出射する通常の液晶TV等においては、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸は長尺方向に対して35°から55°の範囲が好ましく、さらに40°から50°の範囲が好ましい。
図25に示される例では、表示部251と位相差フィルム積層体255とが組み合わされて表示装置を構成している。図25では、252は第一の位相差フィルム、252aは第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸、253は第二の位相差フィルムを示している。これらと、偏光メガネ254とが組み合わされて、立体画像装置256が構成される。251aは表示部から出射される光250の偏光軸をあらわしている。253aは、この領域に入射した直線偏光250を90°旋光させるツイステッドネマチック(TN)領域であり、253bは液晶分子がランダムに配置された状態で硬化した等方性領域である。
図26に示される例では、表示部261と位相差フィルム積層体265とが組み合わされて表示装置を構成している。図26では、262は第一の位相差フィルム、262aは第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸、263は第二の位相差フィルムを示している。これらと、偏光メガネ264とが組み合わされて、立体画像装置266が構成される。261aは表示部から出射される光260の偏光軸をあらわしている。263aは、この領域に入射した直線偏光260を90°旋光させるツイステッドネマチック(TN)領域であり、263bは液晶分子がランダムに配置された状態で硬化した等方性領域である。
図25及び図26の場合、観察者側の最表面に第一の位相差フィルムが配置されている。この場合も、前述のようにハードコート層や反射防止層、粘着層あるいは接着層等と組合せることは可能であるが、さらに好ましい実施形態としては、第一の位相差フィルム中に紫外線吸収剤を導入することが挙げられる。このような第一の位相差フィルムとしては、紫外線吸収剤に対する溶解性が高い樹脂を含む複数層を同時に押し出した後に延伸される多層押出しフィルムが好ましい。多層押出しフィルムの好適な例としては、特開2006-188018号公報、特開2006-231763号公報などに開示される多層押出し機を用いて、特許4461795号、特開2006-212988号公報、特開2006-212989号公報、特開2008-73890号公報、特開2009-178899号公報などに開示された多層フィルムを用いる事ができる。このようにして形成された位相差フィルム積層体は表示装置上の二色性偏光子(図示せず)上に粘着層あるいは接着層を介して貼合されるが、表裏に保護層を有する偏光板の場合、一方の保護層を省略した構成も採り得る。この場合、偏光子と位相差フィルム積層体の間には粘着層あるいは接着層が使用されるが、このような目的の粘着層あるいは接着層には、アクリル系、ウレタン系、ポリエステル系、ポリアミド、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリビニルホルマール、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、エチレン-酢酸ビニル系、エチレン-アクリル酸エステル系、エチレン-塩化ビニル系、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレン等の合成ゴム系、エポキシ系、シリコーン系ポリマーなどが挙げられる。特に偏光板としての湾曲などが問題になる場合にはエポキシ系、ウレタン系、ポリエステル系などの非水系紫外線硬化型の接着層を使用することが好ましい。
本発明の偏光板複合体は、前記本発明の位相差フィルム積層体および偏光板を含む。図27~図31に本発明の偏光板複合体の例(偏光板保護層は図示せず)を示す。長尺状の偏光板と本発明による長尺状の位相差フィルム積層体を連続的に貼合する場合、偏光板の透過軸と第二の位相差フィルムのパターン方向を交差させる必要性が生じる場合があるが、パターンの向きが長尺方向に対して斜めに形成されている第二の位相差フィルムは前述のように作成することができる。
図27において、偏光板複合体27Aは、基材271と、基材271上に形成された配向膜273と、配向膜273上に形成され液晶配向樹脂領域272a及び等方性樹脂領域272bを有する樹脂層272と、樹脂層272上に粘着層又は接着層275を介して設けられた第一の位相差フィルム270とを含む、位相差フィルム積層体を有している。偏光板複合体27Aはまた、基材271に、粘着層又は接着層276を介して設けられた偏光板278を有している。
図28において、偏光板複合体28Aは、基材281と、基材281上に配向膜を介さず形成され液晶配向樹脂領域282a及び等方性樹脂領域282bを有する樹脂層282と、樹脂層282上に粘着層又は接着層285を介して設けられた第一の位相差フィルム280とを含む、位相差フィルム積層体を有している。偏光板複合体28Aはまた、基材281に、粘着層又は接着層286を介して設けられた偏光板288を有している。
図29において、偏光板複合体29Aは、液晶配向樹脂領域292a及び等方性樹脂領域292bを有する樹脂層292と、樹脂層292上に粘着層又は接着層295を介して設けられた第一の位相差フィルム290とを含む、位相差フィルム積層体を有している。偏光板複合体29Aはまた、樹脂層292に、粘着層又は接着層296を介して設けられた偏光板298を有している。
図30において、偏光板複合体30Aは、基材301と、基材301上に形成された配向膜303と、配向膜303上に形成され液晶配向樹脂領域302a及び等方性樹脂領域302bを有する樹脂層302と、基材301上に粘着層又は接着層305を介して設けられた第一の位相差フィルム300とを含む、位相差フィルム積層体を有している。偏光板複合体30Aはまた、樹脂層302に、粘着層又は接着層306を介して設けられた偏光板308を有している。
図31において、偏光板複合体31Aは、基材311と、基材311上に配向膜を介さずに形成され液晶配向樹脂領域312a及び等方性樹脂領域312bを有する樹脂層312と、基材311上に粘着層又は接着層315を介して設けられた第一の位相差フィルム310とを含む、位相差フィルム積層体を有している。偏光板複合体31Aはまた、樹脂層312に、粘着層又は接着層316を介して設けられた偏光板318を有している。
通常のパッシブ方式の表示装置を用いて立体画像を視認するためには左右にそれぞれ異なる回転方向の円偏光に対してのみ透過性を有する円偏光メガネが必要になる。図32及び図33は立体画像を視認するメカニズムを示したものである。図32の325及び326は円偏光メガネ324を構成する部材の組み合わせ323の一例を示したものである。図33の335及び336は円偏光メガネ334を構成する部材の組み合わせ333の一例を示したものである。
表示部(不図示)に同時に表示され矢印320及び330で示す通り入射した右目用の画像及び左目用の画像のそれぞれは本発明の位相差フィルム積層体321及び331によってそれぞれ左右の円偏光画像322及び332に変換される。323L、323R、333L、及び333Rはλ/4板、326及び336は偏光板である。
図32の態様の場合、左右の円偏光画像322のうち第二の位相差フィルムの液晶配向樹脂領域を通過した画像を左目用画像、等方性樹脂領域を通過した画像を右目用画像とする。左目用画像は左円偏光322aとして位相差フィルム積層体321から出射する。右目用画像は右円偏光322bとして位相差フィルム積層体321から出射する。
左円偏光322aの画像は、偏光メガネの一方のλ/4板323Lによって、偏光板326の透過軸に対して平行な直線偏光に変換され、偏光メガネのもう一方のλ/4板323Rによって、偏光板326の透過軸に対して垂直な直線偏光に変換されるため、左目用偏光板326Lを透過して、右目用偏光板326Rで遮光されて観察者の一方の目に到達する。これに対し、右円偏光322bの画像は、偏光メガネの一方のλ/4板323Rによって偏光板326の透過軸に対して平行な直線偏光に変換され、偏光メガネのもう一方のλ/4板323Lによって、偏光板326の透過軸に対して垂直な直線偏光に変換されるため、右目用偏光板326Lを透過して、左目用偏光板326Rで遮光されて観察者のもう一方の目に到達する。このようにすることで表示画像に視差を生成することにより、観察者はこれを立体的に認識する。
また、図33の態様の場合、図32と同様に、第二の位相差フィルムの液晶配向樹脂領域を通過した画像を左目用画像、等方性樹脂領域を通過した画像を右目用画像とする。左目用画像は左円偏光332aとして位相差フィルム積層体331から出射する。右目用画像は右円偏光332bとして位相差フィルム積層体331から出射する。
左円偏光332aの画像は、偏光メガネの一方のλ/4板333Lによって、偏光板336の透過軸に対して平行な直線偏光に変換され、偏光メガネのもう一方のλ/4板333Rによって、偏光板336の透過軸に対して垂直な直線偏光に変換されるため、左目用偏光板336Lを透過して、右目用偏光板336Rで遮光されて観察者の一方の目に到達する。これに対し、右円偏光332bの画像は、偏光メガネの一方のλ/4板333Rによって偏光板336の透過軸に対して平行な直線偏光に変換され、偏光メガネのもう一方のλ/4板333Lによって、偏光板336の透過軸に対して垂直な直線偏光に変換されるため、右目用偏光板336Lを透過して、左目用偏光板336Rで遮光されて観察者のもう一方の目に到達する。このようにすることで表示画像に視差を生成することにより、観察者はこれを立体的に認識する。
図34に示す例では、位相差フィルム積層体341を含む表示装置と、偏光メガネ344とが組み合わせて用いられている。偏光メガネ344は、右目のみλ/2板である補償層343aと、λ/4板343bと、偏光板346とを含む部材の組み合わせ343を有している。この例においては、表示部から矢印340に沿って位相差フィルム積層体341に入射した直線偏光の画像のうち、左目用画像の光は、λ/4板及びλ/2板を透過して、表示装置から出射して左円偏光342aとなる。この左円偏光は、偏光メガネの部材の組み合わせ343において、λ/4板345Lを透過し、それにより直線偏光345に変換され、偏光板346Lを通過し、左目に到達する。一方、表示部から矢印340に沿って位相差フィルム積層体341に入射した直線偏光の画像のうち、右目用画像の光は、λ/4板を透過して、表示装置から出射して右円偏光342bとなる。この右円偏光は、偏光メガネの部材の組み合わせ343において、λ/2板343a及びλ/4板345Rを透過し、それにより直線偏光345に変換され、偏光板346Rを通過し、右目に到達する。
図35に示す例では、位相差フィルム積層体351を含む表示装置と、偏光メガネ354とが組み合わせて用いられている。偏光メガネ354は、左目のみλ/2板である補償層353aと、λ/4板353bと、偏光板356とを含む部材の組み合わせ353を有している。この例においては、表示部から矢印350に沿って位相差フィルム積層体351に入射した直線偏光の画像のうち、左目用画像の光は、λ/4板及びλ/2板を透過して、表示装置から出射して左円偏光352aとなる。この左円偏光は、偏光メガネの部材の組み合わせ353において、λ/2板353a及びλ/4板355Lを透過し、それにより直線偏光355に変換され、偏光板356Lを通過し、左目に到達する。一方、表示部から矢印350に沿って位相差フィルム積層体351に入射した直線偏光の画像のうち、右目用画像の光は、λ/4板を透過して、表示装置から出射して右円偏光352bとなる。この右円偏光は、偏光メガネの部材の組み合わせ353において、λ/4板355Rを透過し、それにより直線偏光355に変換され、偏光板356Rを通過し、右目に到達する。
このような配置を採用することで、右目用画像が左目用メガネに、左目用画像が右目用メガネに入射した場合に、入射光と同じ直線偏光状態(偏光メガネの偏光子の透過軸と直交関係)となり、偏光メガネの偏光子によって理想的には完全に遮光されるため、クロストークの発生を抑制できる。本発明による偏光メガネには、適宜前述のようなハードコート層や反射防止層、粘着層あるいは接着層等を組合せることが可能である。
脂環式オレフィン系ポリマーからなるフィルム(株式会社オプテス製、商品名「ゼオノアフィルム(登録商標)ZF14-100」)の両面を、濡れ指数が56dyne/cmになるように春日電機(株)製コンベヤー式コロナ放電表面処置を用いて、出力0.12kW、ラインスピード5m/min、フィルム/処理電極間距離10mmの条件でコロナ放電処理した。5重量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液を当該フィルムの片面に♯2のワイヤーバーを使用して塗布して塗膜を形成し、塗膜を乾燥し、膜厚0.1μmの配向膜を形成した。次いで当該配向膜をラビング処理し、配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材を製造した。
表1に示す配合割合(重量部)で各成分を混合して、液晶層形成用組成物を調製した。なお、液晶層形成用組成物に含まれる各成分の詳細は、以下の通りである。
重合性液晶化合物としては、商品名LC242(BASF社製)を用いた。Δn値:0.14(セナルモン法)
重合開始剤としては、商品名イルガキュアOXE02(チバ・ジャパン社製)を用いた。
界面活性剤としては、フッ素系界面活性剤(商品名フタージェント209F、ネオス社製)を用いた。
表1に示す配合割合(重量部)で各成分を混合して、液晶層形成用組成物を調製した。Δn値:0.14(セナルモン法)
化合物1としては、下記化合物を使用した。この化合物1は液晶性を有さない化合物である。
表1に示す配合割合(重量部)で各成分を混合して、液晶層形成用組成物3を調製した。Δn値:0.14(セナルモン法)
なお、キラル剤としては、商品名LC756(BASF社製)を用いた。
温度23℃において、製造例1で調製した配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材の配向膜を有する面に、製造例2で調製した液晶層形成用組成物1を♯4のワイヤーバーを使用して塗布し、液晶層形成用組成物の塗膜を成膜した。
続いて、130℃で10秒間の加温処理によって、液晶配向樹脂領域以外の塗膜を、液晶相から等方相に転移させ、この状態で、第二の紫外線照射を行った。第二の紫外線照射の工程では、線源から、紫外線を、フォトマスクを介さずに、塗膜面側(即ち、前述の「裏面」とは反対側の面)に照射した。紫外線の量は2000mJ/cm2とした。また、この照射は窒素雰囲気下で行った。かかる照射により、塗膜を硬化させ、位相差λ/2の液晶配向樹脂領域と等方性樹脂領域とを同一樹脂層内に有する第二の位相差フィルム1を作製した。樹脂層の乾燥膜厚は2μmであった。また、液晶配向樹脂領域のReは280nmであった。
温度23℃において、製造例1で調製した配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材の配向膜を有する面に、製造例3で調製した液晶層形成用組成物2を♯2のワイヤーバーを使用して塗布し、液晶層形成用組成物の塗膜を成膜した。
この塗膜を65℃で2分間配向処理し、その後、第一の紫外線照射として、当該膜に対して微弱な紫外線の照射を行った。第一の紫外線照射の工程では、線源から、紫外線を、レジストで作製された遮光部を有するフォトマスクを介して、透明樹脂基材の裏面(即ち、塗膜が形成された面と反対側の面)側に照射した。紫外線の量は、0.1~45mJ/cm2とした。かかる照射により、λ/2の位相差を有する液晶配向樹脂領域を形成した。
続いて、90℃で10秒間の加温処理によって、液晶配向樹脂領域以外の塗膜を、液晶相から等方相に転移させ、この状態で、第二の紫外線照射を行った。第二の紫外線照射の工程では、線源から、紫外線を、フォトマスクを介さずに、塗膜面側(即ち、前述の「裏面」とは反対側の面)に照射した。紫外線の量は2000mJ/cm2とした。また、この照射は窒素雰囲気下で行った。かかる照射により、塗膜を硬化させ、位相差λ/2の液晶配向樹脂領域と等方性の樹脂領域とを同一樹脂層内に有する第二の位相差フィルム2を作製した。樹脂層の乾燥膜厚は1.5μmであった。また、液晶配向樹脂領域のReは270nmであった。
温度23℃において、製造例1で調製した配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材の配向膜を有する面に、製造例2で調製した液晶層形成用組成物3を♯36のワイヤーバーを使用して塗布し、液晶層形成用組成物の塗膜を成膜した。
この塗膜を110℃で2分間配向処理し、その後、第一の紫外線照射として、当該膜に対して微弱な紫外線の照射を行った。第一の紫外線照射の工程では、線源から、紫外線を、レジストで作製した遮光部を有するフォトマスクを介して、透明樹脂基材の裏面(即ち、塗膜が形成された面と反対側の面)側に照射した。紫外線の量は、0.1~45mJ/cm2とした。かかる照射により、ネマチック配向が固定化された樹脂領域を形成した。
続いて、130℃で10秒間の加温処理によって、ネマチック配向が固定化された樹脂領域以外の塗膜を、液晶相から等方相に転移させ、この状態で、第二の紫外線照射を行った。第二の紫外線照射の工程では、線源から、紫外線を、フォトマスクを介さずに、塗膜面側(即ち、前述の「裏面」とは反対側の面)に照射した。紫外線の量は2000mJ/cm2とした。また、この照射は窒素雰囲気下で行った。かかる照射により、塗膜を硬化させ、ネマチック配向が固定化された樹脂領域と等方性の樹脂領域とを同一樹脂層内に有する第二の位相差フィルム3を作製した。樹脂層の乾燥膜厚は20μmであった。
第一の紫外線照射を、フォトマスクを介することなく行った以外は、製造例5の第二の位相差フィルムの製造方法と同じ方法で、λ/2フィルム1を製造した(フィルムは、第二の位相差フィルム1と異なり、異方性領域だけで構成される)。得られたλ/2フィルム1のReは280nmであった。
第一の紫外線照射を、フォトマスクを介することなく行った以外は、製造例6の第二の位相差フィルムの製造方法と同じ方法で、λ/2フィルム2を製造した(フィルムは、第二の位相差フィルム2と異なり、異方性領域だけで構成される)。得られたλ/2フィルム2のReは270nmであった。
第一の紫外線照射を、フォトマスクを介することなく行った以外は、製造例7の第二の位相差フィルムの製造方法と同じ方法で、ツイステッドネマチック樹脂フィルムを製造した(フィルムは、第二の位相差フィルム3と異なり、異方性領域だけで構成される)。
アクリル系粘着剤(SKダイン2094(綜研化学社製、ポリマー含有割合30重量%)に、硬化剤 E-AX(綜研化学社)を、SKダイン2094中のポリマー100重量部に対して5重量部の割合で添加し、感圧性接着剤(以下、PSAという。)を調製した。
偏光板(サンリッツ社製、HLC2-5618)上に、PSAを介して、第一の位相差フィルム(斜め延伸ゼオノアフィルム(登録商標)、日本ゼオン社製)を貼合して、(第一の位相差フィルム)/(PSA)/(偏光板)の層構成を有する円偏光板1を得た。
円偏光板1において、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向と、偏光板の透過軸の方向との関係は、以下の通りとした。即ち、観察者が偏光板側の面から観察した場合において、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向が、偏光板の透過軸方向に対して、反時計回りに45°傾いた方向とした。
円偏光板1の第一の位相差フィルム側の面上に、PSAを介して製造例8で得られた位相差λ/2フィルム1を貼合して、(λ/2フィルム1)/(PSA)/(第一の位相差フィルム)/(PSA)/(偏光板)の層構成を有する円偏光板2を得た。
円偏光板2において、λ/2フィルム1の遅相軸方向と、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向と、偏光板の透過軸の方向との関係は、以下の通りとした。即ち、観察者が偏光板側の面から観察した場合において、λ/2フィルム1の遅相軸は、偏光板の透過軸と直交する方向とし、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向は、偏光板の透過軸方向に対して、反時計回りに45°傾いた方向とした。
円偏光板1の第一の位相差フィルム側の面上に、PSAを介して製造例9で得られた位相差λ/2フィルム2を貼合して、(λ/2フィルム2)/(PSA)/(第一の位相差フィルム)/(PSA)/(偏光板)の層構成を有する円偏光板3を得た。
円偏光板3において、λ/2フィルム2の遅相軸方向と、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向と、偏光板の透過軸の方向との関係は、以下の通りとした。即ち、観察者が偏光板側の面から観察した場合において、λ/2フィルム2の遅相軸は、偏光板の透過軸と直交する方向とし、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向は、偏光板の透過軸方向に対して、反時計回りに45°傾いた方向とした。
偏光板(サンリッツ社製、HLC2-5618)上にPSAを介して製造例10で得たツイステッドネマチック樹脂フィルムを貼合し、さらにツイステッドネマチック樹脂フィルム上にPSAを介して第一の位相差フィルム(斜め延伸ゼオノアフィルム(登録商標))を貼合して、第一の位相差フィルム/PSA/製造例10で得たツイステッドネマチック樹脂フィルム/PSA/偏光板の順序で積層された円偏光板4を得た。
円偏光板4において、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向と、偏光板の透過軸の方向との関係は、以下の通りとした。即ち、観察者が偏光板側の面から観察した場合において、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向は、偏光板の透過軸方向に対して、反時計回りに45°傾いた方向とした。
円偏光板1と円偏光板2とが観察者の左目及び右目それぞれの視野上に並ぶように配置することで偏光メガネ1を得た。
偏光メガネ1において、円偏光板1及び円偏光板2は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板側の面が観察者側となるよう配置した。さらに、円偏光板1及び円偏光板2は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板透過軸が上下方向となるよう配置した。従って、観察者が着用した際、円偏光板1の第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、円偏光板2の第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、λ/2フィルム1遅相軸方向は左右方向となった。
円偏光板1と円偏光板3とが観察者の左目及び右目それぞれの視野上に並ぶように配置することで偏光メガネ2を得た。
偏光メガネ2において、円偏光板1及び円偏光板3は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板側の面が観察者側となるよう配置した。さらに、円偏光板1及び円偏光板3は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板透過軸が上下方向となるよう配置した。従って、観察者が着用した際、円偏光板1の第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、円偏光板3の第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、λ/2フィルム1遅相軸方向は左右方向となった。
円偏光板1と円偏光板4とが観察者の左目及び右目それぞれの視野上に並ぶように配置することで偏光メガネ3を得た。
偏光メガネ3において、円偏光板1及び円偏光板4は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板側の面が観察者側となるよう配置した。さらに、円偏光板1及び円偏光板4は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板透過軸が上下方向となるよう配置した。従って、観察者が着用した際、円偏光板1の第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、円偏光板4の第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となった。
各層の透過軸及び遅相軸の角度関係を下記の通り変更した以外は、製造例11と同じように操作して、円偏光板5を得た。
円偏光板5において、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向と、偏光板の透過軸の方向との関係は、以下の通りとした。即ち、観察者が偏光板側の面から観察した場合において、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向が、偏光板の透過軸方向に対して、反時計回りに45°傾いた方向とした。
各層の透過軸及び遅相軸の角度関係を下記の通り変更した以外は、製造例13と同じように操作して、円偏光板6を得た。
円偏光板6において、λ/2フィルム2の遅相軸方向と、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向と、偏光板の透過軸の方向との関係は、以下の通りとした。即ち、観察者が偏光板側の面から観察した場合において、λ/2フィルム2の遅相軸は、偏光板の透過軸と平行な方向とし、第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸方向は、偏光板の透過軸方向に対して、反時計回りに45°傾いた方向とした。
円偏光板5と円偏光板6とが観察者の左目及び右目それぞれの視野上に並ぶように配置することで偏光メガネ4を得た。
偏光メガネ4において、円偏光板5及び円偏光板6は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板側の面が観察者側となるよう配置した。さらに、円偏光板5及び円偏光板6は、いずれも、観察者が着用した際、偏光板透過軸が左右方向となるよう配置した。従って、観察者が着用した際、円偏光板5の第一位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、円偏光板6の第一位相差フィルム遅相軸は左上~右下方向となり、λ/2フィルム1遅相軸方向は左右方向となった。
第一の位相差フィルムとして、斜め延伸ゼオノアフィルム(登録商標、日本ゼオン社製、配向角45°複屈折計測装置[王子計測機器(株)製、KOBRA-WIST]を用いて測定)の片面を濡れ指数が56dyne/cmになるようにコロナ放電処理を施し、このコロナ処理面と製造例5で作製した第二の位相差フィルム1とが面するように向き合わせ、アクリル系粘着剤(SKダイン2094(綜研化学社製、ポリマー含有割合30重量%)に、硬化剤 E-AX(綜研化学社製)を、SKダイン2094中のポリマー100重量部に対して5重量部の割合で添加したもの)で貼り合わせ、位相差フィルム積層体1を作製した。粘着層の厚さは20μmであった。
第二の位相差フィルムとして、製造例5で作製した第二の位相差フィルム1に代えて、製造例6で作製した第二の位相差フィルム2を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、位相差フィルム積層体2を作製した。
第二の位相差フィルムとして、製造例5で作製した第二の位相差フィルム1に代えて、製造例7で作製した第二の位相差フィルム3を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、位相差フィルム積層体3を作製した。
実施例1で得られた位相差フィルム積層体1をディスプレイ装置(ソニー社製、BRAVIA(登録商標) EX700 32inch)の視認側偏光板上に、ディスプレイ装置パネルの画素位置と位相差フィルム積層体1のストライプ位置が対応するように位置合わせを実施した後に、PSAを用いて貼合し、評価用ディスプレイ装置を得た。
得られた評価用ディスプレイ装置においては、垂直立位のディスプレイを観察者が観察した場合において、ディスプレイ視認側偏光板の透過軸が上下方向、ディスプレイ第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸が右手上側~左手下側方向、ディスプレイ第二の位相差フィルムの異方性領域遅相軸が上下方向となっていた。
評価用ディスプレイ装置にパーソナルコンピューターより評価用画像を入力し、表示された画像を偏光メガネ1を介して目視評価を実施した。良好な立体画像が得られることを確認した。
得られた評価用ディスプレイ装置においては、垂直立位のディスプレイを観察者が観察した場合において、ディスプレイ視認側偏光板の透過軸が上下方向、ディスプレイ第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸が右手上側~左手下側方向、ディスプレイ第二の位相差フィルムの異方性領域遅相軸が上下方向となっていた。
評価用ディスプレイ装置にパーソナルコンピューターより評価用画像を入力し、表示された画像を偏光メガネ2を介して目視評価を実施した。良好な立体画像が得られることを確認した。
得られた評価用ディスプレイ装置においては、垂直立位のディスプレイを観察者が観察した場合において、ディスプレイ視認側偏光板の透過軸が上下方向、ディスプレイ第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸が右手上側~左手下側方向、ディスプレイ第二の位相差フィルムの異方性領域遅相軸が上下方向となっていた。
評価用ディスプレイ装置にパーソナルコンピューターより評価用画像を入力し、表示された画像を偏光メガネ3を介して目視評価を実施した。良好な立体画像が得られることを確認した。
得られた評価用ディスプレイ装置においては、垂直立位のディスプレイを観察者が観察した場合において、ディスプレイ視認側偏光板の透過軸が上下方向、ディスプレイ第一の位相差フィルム遅相軸が右手上側~左手下側方向、ディスプレイ第二の位相差フィルムの異方性領域遅相軸が上下方向となっていた。
評価用ディスプレイ装置にパーソナルコンピューターより評価用画像を入力し、表示された画像を偏光メガネ4を介して目視評価を実施した。良好な立体画像が得られることを確認した。
11、31、51、71、271、281、301、311 基材
12、32、42、272、282、292、302、312 液晶配向樹脂領域および等方性樹脂領域から構成される樹脂層
12a、32a、42a、92a、112a、122a、132a、272a、282a、292a、302a、312a 液晶配向樹脂領域
12b、32b、42b、52b、72b、82b、92b、112b、122b、132b、272b、282b、292b、302b、312b 等方性樹脂領域
33、73、273、303 配向膜
52、72、82 90°ツイステッドネマチック領域および等方性樹脂領域から構成される樹脂層
52a、72a、82a 90°ツイステッドネマチック領域
91、101 配向(ラビング方向)
93 遅相軸
102a、102b 偏光の旋光方向
103a、103b 45°ツイステッドネマチック領域
110、120、130 第二の位相差フィルムのロール体(基材等は図示せず)
14A、15A、16A、17A 第二位相差フィルムを作製するための装置
140 凹凸形状
151、161、171 UV光源
152 光取り出し部
153、163 遮光部
162 導光部
164 導光体
167 光入射端面
168 光ファイバー
175 導光ディスク
176 遮光ディスク
18A、19A、20A、21A、22A 位相差フィルム積層体
180、190、200、210、220、270、280、290、300、310 第一の位相差フィルム
185、195、205、215、225、275、276、285、286、295、296、305、306、315、316 粘着層または接着層
230、240 第一の位相差フィルムへの入射光
250、260 第二の位相差フィルムへの入射光
231、241、251、261 表示部
231a、241a、251a、261a 表示装置から出射される偏光の偏光軸
232、242、252、262 第一の位相差フィルム
232a、242a、252a、262a 第一の位相差フィルムの遅相軸
233、243、253、263 第二の位相差フィルム
233a、243a、253a、263a 第二の位相差フィルムの液晶配向樹脂領域(第一領域)
233b、243b、253b、263b 第二の位相差フィルムの等方性樹脂領域(第二領域)
233c、243c 第二の位相差フィルムの液晶配向樹脂領域(第一領域)の遅相軸
234、244、254、264 偏光メガネ
235、245、255、265 位相差フィルム積層体
236、246、256、266 立体画像装置
27A、28A、29A、30A、31A 偏光板複合体
278、288、298、308、318 偏光板
320、330、340、350 位相差フィルム積層体の入射光
321、331、341、351 位相差フィルム積層体
322、332 位相差フィルム積層体から出射される左右の円偏光画像
323、333、343、353 偏光メガネの部材の組み合わせ
323L、323R、333L、333R λ/4板
324、334、344、355 偏光メガネ
325、335 偏光メガネの部材
326、336、346、346L、346R、356、356L、356R 偏光板
342、342a、342b、352、352a、352b 円偏光
343a、353a 第二の位相差フィルムによる波長分散の補償層
345L、345R、353b、355L、355R λ/4板
345、355 直線偏光
Claims (13)
- 面内に一様な位相差を有する第一の位相差フィルムと、異なる位相差を有する複数の領域が面内にパターン化されて存在する第二の位相差フィルムとを含む長尺状の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルムの長手方向と非平行な遅相軸を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルム面に対して垂直に透過する光に対して略λ/4の位相差を発現することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルムの長手方向に対して非平行な延伸軸を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第一の位相差フィルムが、フィルムの長手方向に対して非平行な遅相軸を有する液晶樹脂層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第二の位相差フィルムがフィルムの長手方向に平行に配向処理された基材上に液晶層形成用組成物を塗布することで形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第二の位相差フィルムが位相差の異なる第一領域と第二領域とを少なくとも有し、第一領域は入射した偏光を、その偏光状態を実質的に変えずに出射し、第二領域は入射した偏光と直交した偏光を出射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第二の位相差フィルムが位相差の異なる第一領域と第二領域とを少なくとも有し、第一領域は入射した偏光を、その偏光状態を実質的に変えずに出射し、第二領域は入射した円偏光を実質的に回転の向きを反転させて出射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 光源側より第一の位相差フィルムと第二の位相差フィルムとがこの順に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 光源側より第二の位相差フィルムと第一の位相差フィルムとがこの順に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 第一の位相差フィルムと第二の位相差フィルムとが、粘着層または接着層を介して積層されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体。
- 請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム積層体および偏光板を含むことを特徴とする偏光板複合体。
- 右目用の表示領域と左目用の表示領域とを有する表示装置であって、
請求項7または8に記載の位相差フィルム積層体の裁断物を含み、
前記右目用の表示領域及び前記左目用の表示領域に、前記位相差フィルム積層体の前記第一領域及び前記第二領域がそれぞれ対応するよう、前記位相差フィルム積層体の裁断物が配置されていることを特徴とする表示装置。
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CN2011800351337A CN103003730A (zh) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-14 | 用于立体图像装置的相位差膜叠层体 |
KR1020137001255A KR20130046425A (ko) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-14 | 입체 화상 장치에 사용되는 위상차 필름 적층체 |
JP2012525386A JPWO2012011435A1 (ja) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-14 | 立体画像装置に用いられる位相差フィルム積層体 |
US13/810,605 US20130114136A1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2011-07-14 | Phase difference film layered body used in stereoscopic image device |
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CN (1) | CN103003730A (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2012011435A1 (ja) |
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KR20130046425A (ko) | 2013-05-07 |
US20130114136A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
TW201219930A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JPWO2012011435A1 (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
CN103003730A (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
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