WO2015040779A1 - 蓄電装置および蓄電装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
蓄電装置および蓄電装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015040779A1 WO2015040779A1 PCT/JP2014/003411 JP2014003411W WO2015040779A1 WO 2015040779 A1 WO2015040779 A1 WO 2015040779A1 JP 2014003411 W JP2014003411 W JP 2014003411W WO 2015040779 A1 WO2015040779 A1 WO 2015040779A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
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- Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a power storage device and a method for controlling the power storage device.
- an electric power storage device in which a plurality of power storage modules are connected and a common control device (referred to as a main controller as appropriate) is provided for the plurality of power storage modules.
- a main controller a common control device
- Each power storage module has a module controller and communicates between the module controller and the main controller via a communication path.
- the module controller includes a monitoring circuit and a microcomputer (referred to as a sub-microcontroller unit as appropriate) in order to monitor the state of the power storage unit and detect an abnormality.
- the power storage unit is configured, for example, by connecting a plurality of submodules in series.
- the monitoring circuit monitors the voltage of each submodule, compares a predetermined threshold value with the voltage of each submodule by a comparator, and outputs a detection signal (for example, a 1-bit detection signal) indicating normality / abnormality.
- the voltage of each submodule is compared with a predetermined value, and a detection signal indicating whether or not it is an excessive voltage (referred to as OV as appropriate) is generated.
- the voltage of each submodule is compared with a predetermined value, and a detection signal indicating whether or not the voltage is an undervoltage (referred to as UV as appropriate) is generated.
- the value of the current flowing through the submodule is compared with a predetermined value, and a detection signal indicating whether or not an excessive current (referred to as OC as appropriate) is generated.
- each temperature of the submodule is compared with a predetermined value, and a detection signal indicating whether or not it is in an overheated state (referred to as OT as appropriate) is generated.
- the voltage and current of each sub-module are supplied to the sub-microcontroller unit of each module, and balance adjustment is performed to equalize the voltages of the plurality of sub-modules. If balance adjustment is not performed, sub-modules that are not sufficiently charged are generated due to variations between the sub-modules.
- the detection signal of the monitoring circuit described above is supplied to the sub microcontroller unit for balance adjustment. Further, the detection signal is transmitted from the module controller to the microcomputer of the main controller (referred to as a main microcontroller unit as appropriate) through the communication path.
- the main controller receives the detection signal from each power storage module and controls the charge / discharge operation.
- Patent Document 1 when there is a submodule whose voltage width with a maximum voltage detected from a plurality of submodules (cell blocks) is within the discharge target voltage width, charging is temporarily stopped, The submodule is discharged together with the submodule having the maximum voltage, and the maximum voltage after the discharge is updated. It is described that the time required for cell balance control is shortened by repeating the cell balance adjustment until the voltage width between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage falls within the specified voltage range.
- Cited Document 1 charging is repeatedly turned on / off. If there is a variation in characteristics between sub-modules, it takes a long time to reach full charge, or noise associated with charging on / off occurs. There was a problem to do.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a power storage device and a method for controlling the power storage device that can complete charging in a short time and can prevent noise.
- the present disclosure includes a plurality of power storage units connected in series and having at least one battery, A cell balance unit connected in parallel to each of the power storage units via a switch; When a plurality of power storage units are charged with a first constant current value and the highest voltage power storage unit reaches the first potential among the plurality of power storage units, the highest voltage power storage unit and the highest voltage are supported. And a control unit that controls the charging current to be switched to a second constant current value smaller than the first constant current value while connecting to the cell balance unit.
- This disclosure can shorten the time required to complete charging, and can prevent the occurrence of noise. Note that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure.
- 6 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of control processing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of control processing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 6 is a graph for explaining a first example of control in the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 6 is a graph for explaining a second example of control in the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 6 is a graph for explaining a second example of control in the first embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a graph for demonstrating the modification of the control in 1st Embodiment of this indication. It is a connection diagram of the cell balance discharge circuit in a 2nd embodiment of this indication. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of control processing according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of control processing according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 14 is a graph for explaining an example of control according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 14 is a graph for explaining an example of control according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 14 is a graph for explaining an example of control according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a block diagram of the 1st example of an application example of this indication. It is a block diagram of the 2nd example of an application example of this indication.
- Power storage device When a large number of power storage elements such as battery cells are used to generate a large output, a plurality of power storage units (hereinafter referred to as power storage modules) are connected, and a control device is provided in common for the plurality of power storage modules. Configuration is adopted. Such a configuration is referred to as a power storage device. Furthermore, a power storage system that connects a plurality of power storage devices is also possible. As the power storage element, a capacitor or the like may be used in addition to the battery.
- a power storage module includes a power storage unit including a series connection of a plurality of battery cells, for example, a series connection of lithium ion secondary batteries, or a parallel connection (submodule) of a plurality of battery cells, and a module controller provided for each module. It is a unit that combines.
- the sub-microcontroller unit of each module controller is connected to the main microcontroller unit of the main controller, which is the overall control device, via a data transmission path (bus), and the main microcontroller unit performs charge management, discharge management, deterioration suppression, etc. To manage.
- a serial interface is used as the bus.
- an I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) system SM bus (System Management Bus), CAN (Controller Area Network), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), or the like is used as the serial interface.
- SM bus System Management Bus
- CAN Controller Area Network
- SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
- I2C communication is used. This method performs serial communication with a device directly connected at a relatively short distance.
- One master and one or a plurality of slaves are connected by two lines. Data signals are transferred on the other line with reference to crosstalk transmitted through one line.
- Each slave has an address, the address is included in the data, and an acknowledge is returned from the receiving side for each byte, and the data is transferred while confirming each other.
- the main microcontroller unit is the master and the sub microcontroller unit is the slave.
- Data is transmitted from the sub-microcontroller unit of each module controller to the main microcontroller unit.
- information on the internal state of each power storage module that is, battery information such as voltage of each battery cell, voltage information of the entire module, current information, temperature information, etc. is transmitted from the sub-microcontroller unit to the main microcontroller unit.
- the charging process and discharging process of each power storage module are managed.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a specific connection configuration of the power storage device.
- four power storage modules MOD1 to MOD4 are connected in series.
- the entire output voltage of the power storage device for example, about 200 V is taken out to the positive terminal 1 (VB +) and the negative terminal 2 (VB ⁇ ).
- Each of the power storage modules MOD1 to MOD4 includes module controllers CNT1 to CNT4 and power storage units BB1 to BB4 to which a plurality of parallel connections of a plurality of battery cells or a plurality of submodules are connected.
- Power storage units BB1 to BB4 are connected through a power supply line.
- Each module controller includes a monitoring circuit, a sub-control unit, etc., as will be described later.
- the main controller ICNT and the module controllers CNT1 to CNT4 are connected via a common serial communication bus 3. Battery information such as voltage for each module from each module controller is transmitted to the main controller ICNT.
- the main controller ICNT further includes a communication terminal 4 so that communication with an external device such as an electronic control unit is possible.
- each of the two power storage modules MOD1 and MOD2 and the main controller ICNT has a box-like case, and is used by being stacked.
- An UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply: Uninterruptible Power Supply) 5 may be used as an option.
- the main controller ICNT and the module controller CNT of each power storage module are connected by a bus 3.
- a sub-control unit (indicated as SUB MCU in the figure) of each power storage module is a main microcontroller. Connected to the unit (indicated as MAIN MCU in the figure). Further, a plurality of main microcontroller units are connected to the uppermost electronic control unit (denoted as ECU in the figure).
- the electronic control unit is a general term for units that control analog devices in general.
- the power storage unit BB includes n, for example, 16 battery cells (hereinafter simply referred to as cells as appropriate) C1 to C16 connected in series.
- the power storage unit BB may have a configuration in which a plurality of cells connected in parallel (submodules) are connected in series. The voltage of each cell is supplied to the cell voltage multiplexer 11, and the voltages of the cells C1 to C16 are sequentially selected and supplied to the A / D converter and the comparator 12. Further, a cell balance discharge circuit 23 for discharging each of the cells C1 to C16 by cell balance control is provided.
- the voltage of 16 cells is time-division multiplexed by the cell voltage multiplexer 11, converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter and the comparator 12, and further compared with a voltage threshold value.
- the A / D converter and comparator 12 outputs 14 to 18-bit digital voltage data of each cell and a comparison result (eg, 1-bit signal) between the voltage of each cell and the voltage threshold value.
- An output signal from the A / D converter and the comparator 12 is supplied to the monitoring circuit 13.
- a temperature measuring unit 14 for measuring the temperature of each cell and a temperature measuring unit 15 for measuring the temperature inside the IC are provided. Temperature information from the temperature measuring units 14 and 15 is supplied to the temperature multiplexer 16. The temperature data multiplexed by the temperature multiplexer 16 is supplied to the A / D converter and comparator 12. The A / D converter and comparator 12 generates digital temperature data and outputs a comparison result (for example, a 1-bit signal) between the digital temperature data and the temperature threshold value. As described above, the A / D converter and the comparator 12 also output a comparison result regarding the cell voltage data. A separate A / D converter and comparator may be provided for temperature.
- a resistor 17 that detects current flowing through the power storage units is connected in series with the power storage unit BB.
- the voltage across the resistor 17 is supplied to the A / D converter and the comparator 19 via the amplifier 18.
- the A / D converter and the comparator 19 output digital current data and a comparison result (for example, a 1-bit signal) between the current value and the current threshold value.
- the output signal of the A / D converter and comparator 19 is supplied to the monitoring circuit 13.
- the 1-bit signal output from the A / D converter and the comparator 12 is a detection signal indicating normality / abnormality of the voltage of each cell.
- the voltage of each cell is compared with a predetermined value, and a detection signal indicating whether or not it is an excessive voltage OV is generated.
- the voltage of each cell is compared with a predetermined value, and a detection signal indicating whether the voltage is an undervoltage UV is generated.
- the other 1-bit signal output from the A / D converter and the comparator 12 is a detection signal indicating the overheating OT of the temperature.
- the 1-bit signal output from the A / D converter and the comparator 19 is a detection signal indicating an excessive current OC.
- the detection signal, voltage value data, current value data, and temperature data are supplied from the monitoring circuit 13 to the sub-microcontroller unit 20.
- the monitoring circuit 13 and the sub-microcontroller unit 20 are connected by serial communication, for example.
- the sub-microcontroller unit 20 uses the received detection signal to perform diagnostic processing for the module controller CNT as necessary.
- a detection signal output from the sub-microcontroller unit 20 and data indicating the result of the diagnostic process are supplied to the communication unit 21.
- the communication unit 21 is an interface for performing serial communication, for example, I2C communication via the bus 3 with the main microcontroller unit of the main controller ICNT. Note that a wired or wireless communication path can be used as the communication method. Although omitted in FIG. 4, a sub-microcontroller unit of a module controller of another power storage module is connected to the bus 3.
- the positive terminal 22a and the negative terminal 22b of the power storage module MOD are connected to the positive terminal 32a and the negative terminal 32b of the main controller ICNT via the power line, respectively.
- the communication unit 31 of the main controller ICNT is connected to the bus 3.
- the main microcontroller unit 30 is connected to the communication unit 31, and communication performed through the communication unit 31 is controlled by the main microcontroller unit 30. Further, the main microcontroller unit 30 is connected to the upper electronic control unit ECU via a communication path.
- the power supply voltage generated by the regulator 33 is supplied to the main microcontroller unit 30.
- the main controller ICNT has a positive electrode terminal 1 and a negative electrode terminal 2.
- Switching units 34 and 35 are inserted in series in the output path of the power supply. These switching units 34 and 35 are controlled by the main microcontroller unit 30.
- the switching units 34 and 35 each include a switching element (FET (Field Effect Transistor), IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor): insulated gate bipolar transistor) and the like, and a diode in parallel.
- FET Field Effect Transistor
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the switching unit 34 When the charging is prohibited, the switching unit 34 is turned off. When discharging is prohibited, the switching unit 35 is turned off when discharging is prohibited. Further, when charging and discharging are not performed, the switching elements of the switching units 34 and 35 are turned off.
- the main microcontroller unit 30 transmits the data received from the power storage module MOD to the host electronic control unit ECU. Further, a control signal related to charging / discharging is received from the electronic control unit ECU.
- Cell balance discharge circuit 23 An example of the cell balance discharge circuit 23 is shown in FIG. A resistor r1 and a switch s1 are connected in parallel with the cell C1. Similarly, resistors r2 to r16 and switches s2 to s16 are connected in parallel with each of the cells C2 to C16.
- the switches s1 to s16 are constituted by semiconductor switch elements such as FETs.
- the switches s1 to s16 are controlled to be turned on / off by a switching control signal generated in the sub-microcontroller unit 20, for example.
- the switches s1 to s16 are turned on, the positive and negative electrodes of the cells C1 to C16 are connected via the resistors r1 to r16, and the charges accumulated in the cells C1 to C16 are discharged.
- the switches s1 to s16 are turned on, so that the charging current is shunted and the charging current is substantially reduced. For example, the switch that is turned on during the charging period continues to be in the on state.
- a charging circuit is connected to the positive terminal 1 and the negative terminal 2 to charge the cells C1 to C16. Charging is performed with a constant current.
- the charging current is gradually reduced. That is, the voltage of each cell is monitored by the monitoring circuit 13 at the time of charging, and when one of the cells reaches the set current switching voltage V1, the current is reduced by one step and reaches the current switching voltage V1.
- the switch (cell balance discharge circuit 23) corresponding to the selected cell is turned on, and the voltage rise is suppressed. Such an operation is repeated, and when the predetermined total voltage or almost the whole cell reaches the charging completion voltage Vf, the charging is stopped.
- Control action A control process at the time of charging performed by the sub-microcontroller unit 20 will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 6 and 7.
- 6 and 7 originally represent a flow of a series of processing, but are divided into two drawings due to the drawing space.
- the definition of the symbol used in the following description is shown below.
- Vcell n nth cell
- Vcellmin minimum voltage among n cells
- Vov charging suspension voltage
- Vf charging completion voltage
- Vcellov voltage VL of a cell that has reached the charging suspension voltage among n cells: discharge Voltage
- V1 to Vn Current switching voltage (discharge resistance ON voltage) (V1 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V3... ⁇ Vn) cellVn: Cell that has reached Vn
- Vf 4.10V
- a voltage higher than Vov for example, 4.2 V or more is regarded as an overcharge voltage, and charging is prohibited.
- the discharge voltage VL is set to 3.0V.
- a voltage lower than VL, for example, 2.3 V is set as an overdischarge voltage, and discharge is prohibited.
- each voltage has a certain width.
- an example of a secondary battery used is a lithium ion secondary battery including a positive electrode active material and a carbon material such as graphite as a negative electrode active material.
- positive electrode material what contains the positive electrode active material which has an olivine structure can also be used.
- Vov is set to 3.55V and VL is set to 2.0V.
- Step S1 Charging is started.
- Step S2 It is determined whether Vcell n> VL. It is determined whether the voltage of all cells is greater than VL.
- Step S3 When it is determined that the condition of Step S2 is not satisfied, preliminary charging is performed. The charging current in the preliminary charging is set to 1 A, for example. The preliminary charging is performed until the result of the determination in step S2 becomes affirmative.
- Step S4 If the result of determination in step S2 is affirmative, it is determined whether Vcellmin ⁇ Vf.
- Step S5 If the result of step S4 is affirmative, charging is completed.
- Step S6 If the result of step S4 is negative, it is determined whether Vcell n ⁇ Vov. If the determination result of step S6 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S16 (FIG. 7).
- Step S7 Normal charging is performed.
- 1C charging is performed.
- Step S8: It is determined whether Vcell n ⁇ V1 is satisfied. For example, the first current switching voltage is set to V1 4.05V. If this condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S7.
- Step S9 The cell balance is turned on only for the cells that have reached the current switching voltage V1. That is, in the cell balance discharge circuit 23, the switch of the corresponding cell is turned on. The cell for which the cell balance is turned on does not perform any special processing even when it reaches the current switching voltage Vn after the next time.
- Step S10 The charging current is switched to a smaller value. For example, it starts from 1C and is sequentially switched to 0.7C. Furthermore, every time the minimum voltage of the cell subsequently reaches the current switching voltage, the charging current is sequentially switched between 0.4 C and 0.1 C. Step S11: The charging at 0.7C is continued.
- Step S12 The same determination process as in steps S4 and S6 described above is performed. That is, it is determined whether Vcellmin ⁇ Vf. If the result is affirmative, charging is completed (step S5). It is determined whether VcellVn ⁇ Vov, and if the result is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S15 (FIG. 7). Step S15 is a process of temporarily stopping charging. If none of these conditions is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S13.
- Step S13 It is determined whether or not a voltage other than Vcell V1 ⁇ V ⁇ SUB> n + 1 ⁇ / SUB> (for example, V2). If this condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S11 (continuation of charging).
- Step S14 Cell balancing is turned on only for cells that have reached V ⁇ SUB> n + 1 ⁇ / SUB>. That is, in the cell balance discharge circuit 23, the switch of the corresponding cell is turned on. A cell for which the cell balance is turned on does not perform any special processing even if the current switching voltage is reached after the next time.
- step S10 the charging current is further reduced. For example, it is reduced from 0.7C to 0.4C.
- Step S16 If the determination result of step S6 described above is affirmative, that is, if Vcell n ⁇ Vov is established, the cell balance is turned on only for the cellov whose voltage has reached Vov.
- Step S17 It is determined whether Vcellov ⁇ Vn. If this condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S16 (cell balance is turned on only for cellov).
- Step S18 When the condition of step S18 is satisfied, only the cell balance that has been turned on before the charging suspension process is turned on. Then, the process returns to step S11 (continuation of charging) in FIG.
- the power storage unit BB is composed of four cells C1 to C4. Due to the characteristic variation between the cells, the graphs of the time change are different. First, the voltage of the cells C1 to C4 gradually increases by 1C charging.
- the switch s2 of the cell balance discharge circuit 23 is turned on and the charging current is reduced to 0.7C (FIG. 6 steps S8, S9 and S10). Then, charging is continued (step S11). Since the charging current is reduced, the voltage rise curve after timing t1 becomes gentle. Until the timing t1, the voltage increase curves are parallel between the cells. Since the switch s2 is turned on at the timing t1, the slope of the voltage rise curve of the cell C2 becomes gentler than that of other cells.
- V1 for example, 4.05V
- step S12 and S5 in FIG. 6 it is possible to charge the voltages of a plurality of cells until the voltage reaches the charge completion voltage Vf.
- the charging current can be reduced by reducing the charging current for a cell having a high voltage.
- the switch s2 of the cell balance discharge circuit 23 is turned on and the charging current is reduced to 0.7C (FIG. 6 steps S8, S9 and S10). Then, charging is continued (step S11). Since the charging current is reduced, the voltage rise curve after timing t1 becomes gentle. Until the timing t1, the voltage increase curves are parallel between the cells. Since the switch s2 is turned on at the timing t1, the slope of the voltage rise curve of the cell C2 becomes gentler than that of other cells.
- V1 for example, 4.05V
- step S12 of FIG. 6 the process proceeds to step S15 (FIG. 7), and charging is temporarily stopped. Since the cell balance is turned on only in the cell C2, the voltage of the cell C2 decreases. At time t5, charging is resumed. Then, at timing t6 in FIG. 10, charging is stopped.
- the switching is performed from 1C ⁇ 0.7C ⁇ 0.4C ⁇ 0.1C.
- the charging current is switched from 1C ⁇ 0.8C ⁇ 0.6C ⁇ 0.3C, as shown in FIG. 11, the time until the charging is completed can be shortened.
- a module balance discharge circuit is added to the cell balance discharge circuit 23.
- the module balance discharge circuit connects a series circuit of a resistor rM and a switch sM between the positive side and the negative side of the series circuit of cells C1 to C16. Therefore, when the switch sM is turned on, the resistor rM is inserted in parallel with the cells C1 to C16. Therefore, when the switch sM is turned on during charging, the charging current is made smaller.
- the switch sM is turned on when the voltage of the cells C1 to C16 becomes higher than a preset module balance on voltage Vmb (> Vov).
- FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 originally represent a series of processing flow, but are divided into two drawings due to the drawing space. Note that the process is the same as the control operation of the first embodiment, and FIG. 13 is the same as the process in FIG. However, in step S12 ′, it is determined whether Vcell n ⁇ Vmb.
- step S12 ′ If the above-described determination result in step S12 ′ is positive, the process proceeds to step S19 in FIG. Step S19: The switch sM is turned on and the inter-module balance is turned on.
- Step S20 It is determined whether Vcellmin ⁇ Vf. If the determination result is affirmative, charging is completed (step S5). It is also determined whether Vcell n ⁇ Vov. If this determination result is negative, the process proceeds to step S13 (FIG. 13).
- step S20 If the determination result in step S20 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S15 (charge is temporarily stopped). Then, the process proceeds to step S16.
- Step S16 If the determination result of step S6 described above is affirmative, that is, if Vcell n ⁇ Vov is established, the cell balance is turned on only in the cell ov whose voltage has reached Vov.
- Step S17 It is determined whether Vcellov ⁇ Vn. If this condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S16 (cell balance is turned on only in cell ov).
- Step S18 When the condition of step S18 is satisfied, only the cell balance that has been turned on before the charging suspension process is turned on. Then, the process returns to step S11 (continuation of charging) in FIG.
- FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are obtained by dividing one graph showing a continuous change in time into two due to the restriction of the drawing space. Similar to the example in the first embodiment described above, the case where the power storage unit BB is connected in series with four cells C1 to C4 is taken as an example. First, the voltage of the cells C1 to C4 increases by 1C charging.
- the voltage of the cell C2 becomes larger than the module balance on voltage Vmb. Therefore, the module balance is turned on. Since the module balance is turned on, the slope of the voltage rise during charging becomes gradual, and the voltage reaches Vov, so that charging does not stop once. Charging with a low charging current continues, and at timing t4 in FIG. 16, Vcellmin ⁇ Vf is satisfied, and charging is completed.
- this indication can also take the following structures.
- a plurality of power storage units connected in series and having at least one battery; and A cell balance unit connected in parallel to each of the power storage units via a switch;
- the plurality of power storage units are charged with a first constant current value, and when the highest voltage power storage unit reaches the first potential among the plurality of power storage units, the highest voltage power storage unit and the highest voltage storage unit And a control unit that controls the charging current to be switched to a second constant current value smaller than the first constant current value while connecting to a cell balance unit corresponding to the voltage.
- the control unit reaches the second potential when at least one power storage unit different from the power storage unit having the highest voltage among the plurality of power storage units reaches a second potential higher than the first potential.
- the power storage device (3) is a charging device in any one of (1) (2) comprised so that the threshold value which switches the said charging current may be set 3 or more.
- the maximum voltage of the power storage unit reaches a charge stop voltage that is higher than the predetermined voltage and smaller than the overcharge voltage, the charging is stopped and only the power storage unit is discharged, and the voltage of the power storage unit is discharged to a set voltage.
- the power storage device according to any one of (1), (2), (3), and (4), which completes charging when a minimum voltage among the plurality of power storage units is equal to or higher than a charging completion voltage.
- the balance unit connected in parallel to the whole of the plurality of power storage units is turned on, and a constant current value
- the charging device according to any one of (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5).
- the power storage device according to any one of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6), wherein the cell balance unit is a switch and a resistor connected in parallel with the power storage unit.
- the power storage device according to any one of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and (7), wherein the battery included in the power storage unit includes a positive electrode active material having an olivine structure.
- a plurality of power storage units connected in series and having at least one battery; and A cell balance unit connected in parallel to each of the power storage units via a switch; A control unit for controlling the cell balance unit, The control unit charges the plurality of power storage units with a first constant current value, and when the highest voltage power storage unit reaches a predetermined potential among the plurality of power storage units, the highest voltage power storage unit And a cell balance unit corresponding to the highest voltage, and controlling the charging current to be switched to a second constant current value smaller than the first constant current value.
- Electric power storage device in houses An example in which the present disclosure is applied to a residential power storage device will be described with reference to FIG.
- the power storage device 100 for the house 101 electric power is supplied from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydroelectric power generation 102c through the power network 109, the information network 112, the smart meter 107, the power hub 108, and the like. It is supplied to the power storage device 103.
- power is supplied to the power storage device 103 from an independent power source such as the home power generation device 104.
- the electric power supplied to the power storage device 103 is stored. Electric power used in the house 101 is fed using the power storage device 103.
- the same power storage device can be used not only for the house 101 but also for buildings.
- the house 101 is provided with a power generation device 104, a power consumption device 105, a power storage device 103, a control device 110 that controls each device, a smart meter 107, and a sensor 111 that acquires various types of information.
- Each device is connected by a power network 109 and an information network 112.
- As the power generation device 104 a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 105 and / or the power storage device 103.
- the power consuming device 105 is a refrigerator 105a, an air conditioner 105b, a television receiver 105c, a bath 105d, and the like.
- the electric power consumption device 105 includes an electric vehicle 106.
- the electric vehicle 106 is an electric vehicle 106a, a hybrid car 106b, and an electric motorcycle 106c.
- the power storage device of the present disclosure described above is applied to the power storage device 103.
- the power storage device 103 includes a secondary battery or a capacitor.
- a lithium ion battery is used.
- the lithium ion battery may be a stationary type or used in the electric vehicle 106.
- the smart meter 107 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company.
- the power network 109 may be any one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.
- the various sensors 111 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by the various sensors 111 is transmitted to the control device 110. Based on the information from the sensor 111, the weather condition, the human condition, etc. can be grasped, and the power consumption device 105 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control device 110 can transmit information regarding the house 101 to an external power company or the like via the Internet.
- the power hub 108 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion.
- the communication method of the information network 112 connected to the control device 110 includes a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transceiver), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee, Wi-Fi.
- a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transceiver), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee, Wi-Fi.
- the Bluetooth (registered trademark) system is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication.
- ZigBee uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Electronics) (802.15.4). IEEE 802.15.4 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.
- the control device 110 is connected to an external server 113.
- the server 113 may be managed by any one of the house 101, the power company, and the service provider.
- the information transmitted and received by the server 113 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device (for example, a television receiver) in the home, or may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, for example, a television receiver, a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) or the like.
- the control device 110 that controls each unit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 103 in this example.
- the control device 110 is connected to the power storage device 103, the home power generation device 104, the power consumption device 105, various sensors 111, the server 113 and the information network 112, for example, a function of adjusting the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation have. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.
- electric power is generated not only from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydroelectric power generation 102c but also from the home power generation device 104 (solar power generation, wind power generation) to the power storage device 103.
- the home power generation device 104 solar power generation, wind power generation
- the electric power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 103, and midnight power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 103 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 103 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.
- control device 110 is stored in the power storage device 103 .
- control device 110 may be stored in the smart meter 107 or may be configured independently.
- the power storage device 100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.
- FIG. 18 schematically illustrates an example of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present disclosure is applied.
- the series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on a power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power once stored in a battery.
- the hybrid vehicle 200 includes an engine 201, a generator 202, a power driving force conversion device 203, driving wheels 204a, driving wheels 204b, wheels 205a, wheels 205b, a battery 208, a vehicle control device 209, various sensors 210, and a charging port 211. Is installed.
- the above-described power storage device of the present disclosure is applied to the battery 208.
- Hybrid vehicle 200 travels using electric power / driving force conversion device 203 as a power source.
- An example of the power driving force conversion device 203 is a motor.
- the electric power / driving force converter 203 is operated by the electric power of the battery 208, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force converter 203 is transmitted to the driving wheels 204a and 204b.
- DC-AC DC-AC
- AC-DC conversion AC-DC conversion
- the power driving force converter 203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor.
- the various sensors 210 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 209 and control the opening (throttle opening) of a throttle valve (not shown).
- the various sensors 210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.
- the rotational force of the engine 201 is transmitted to the generator 202, and the electric power generated by the generator 202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 208.
- the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the power driving force conversion device 203, and the regenerative power generated by the power driving force conversion device 203 by this rotational force is applied to the battery 208. Accumulated.
- the battery 208 is connected to a power source outside the hybrid vehicle, so that it can receive power from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received power.
- an information processing apparatus that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery may be provided.
- an information processing apparatus for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a remaining battery capacity based on information on the remaining battery capacity.
- the series hybrid vehicle that runs on the motor using the power generated by the generator that is driven by the engine or the power that is temporarily stored in the battery has been described as an example.
- the present disclosure is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle in which the output of the engine and the motor are both driving sources, and the three methods of driving with only the engine, driving with only the motor, and engine and motor driving are appropriately switched. Applicable.
- the present disclosure can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.
- MOD, MOD1 to MODN power storage module ICNT ... main controller CNT ... module controllers C1 to Cn ... cells BB1 to BBn ... power storage unit 3 ... bus 11 ... cell voltage multiplexer 12 19 ... A / D converter and comparator 13 ... monitoring circuit 16 ... temperature multiplexer 20 ... sub-microcontroller unit 21 ... communication unit 23 ... cell balance discharge circuit 30 ... main Microcontroller units r1 to r16, rM ... resistors s1 to s16, sM ... switches
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Abstract
Description
蓄電部のそれぞれにスイッチを介して並列接続されたセルバランス部と、
複数の蓄電部を第1の定電流値で充電し、複数の蓄電部の内で、最高電圧の蓄電部が第1の電位に達した際に、最高電圧の蓄電部と最高電圧に対応するセルバランス部とを接続すると共に、充電電流を第1の定電流値よりも小さい第2の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する制御部と
を備える蓄電装置。
なお、本開示の説明は、下記の順序にしたがってなされる。
<1.本開示の第1の実施の形態>
<2.本開示の第2の実施の形態>
<3.応用例>
<4.変形例>
「電力貯蔵装置」
大出力を発生するために多数の蓄電素子、例えば、電池セルを使用する場合、複数の蓄電ユニット(以下、蓄電モジュールと称する)を接続し、複数の蓄電モジュールに対して共通に制御装置を設ける構成が採用される。かかる構成を電力貯蔵装置と称する。さらに、複数の電力貯蔵装置を接続する電力貯蔵システムも可能である。蓄電素子としては、電池以外にキャパシタ等を使用しても良い。
図4を参照してモジュールコントローラCNTおよびメインコントローラICNTの構成の一例について説明する。蓄電部BBは、n個例えば16個の電池セル(以下、単にセルと適宜称する)C1~C16の直列接続からなる。蓄電部BBとしては、複数のセルの並列接続(サブモジュール)を直列接続した構成でも良い。各セルの電圧がセル電圧マルチプレクサ11に供給され、セルC1~C16のそれぞれの電圧が順次選択されてA/Dコンバータおよびコンパレータ12に対して供給される。さらに、セルバランス制御でセルC1~C16のそれぞれを放電するためのセルバランス放電回路23が設けられている。
セルバランス放電回路23の一例を図5に示す。セルC1と並列に抵抗r1とスイッチs1とが接続される。同様に、セルC2~C16のそれぞれと並列に抵抗r2~r16とスイッチs2~s16とが接続される。スイッチs1~s16は、半導体スイッチ素子例えばFET によって構成されている。
図6および図7のフローチャートを参照してサブマイクロコントローラユニット20によりなされる充電時の制御処理について説明する。図6および図7は、本来一連の処理の流れを表すものであるが、作図スペースの関係で2枚の図面へ分割したものである。なお、以下の説明において使用する記号の定義を下記に示す。
Vcellmin:n個のセルの中で最小の電圧
Vov:充電休止電圧
Vf :充電完了電圧
Vcellov:n個のセルの中で充電休止電圧に到達したセルの電圧
VL :放電電圧
V1~Vn:電流切替電圧(放電抵抗オン電圧) (V1<V2<V3・・・<Vn)
cellVn:Vnに到達したセル
ステップS2:Vcell n>VLかどうかが判定される。全てのセルの電圧がVLより大かどうかが判定される。
ステップS3:ステップS2の条件が成立しないと判定されると、予備充電がなされる。予備充電における充電電流が例えば1Aとされる。予備充電は、ステップS2の判定の結果が肯定となるまでなされる。
ステップS5:ステップS4の結果が肯定の場合、充電が完了する。
ステップS6:ステップS4の結果が否定の場合、Vcell n≧Vovかどうかが判定される。ステップS6の判定結果が肯定の場合、処理がステップS16(図7)に移行する。
ステップS8:Vcell n≧V1が成立するかどうかが判定される。例えば、最初の電流切替電圧がV1=4.05Vに設定される。この条件が成立しない場合は、処理がステップS7に戻る。
ステップS9:電流切替電圧V1に到達したセルのみ、セルバランスがオンとされる。すなわち、セルバランス放電回路23において、対応するセルのスイッチがオンとされる。セルバランスがオンとされたセルは、次回以降の電流切替電圧Vnに到達しても特別な処理を行わない。
ステップS11:0.7Cによる充電が継続される。
ステップS14:V<SUB>n+1</SUB>に到達したセルのみ、セルバランスがオンとされる。すなわち、セルバランス放電回路23において、対応するセルのスイッチがオンとされる。セルバランスがオンとされたセルは、次回以降に電流切替電圧に到達しても特別な処理を行わない。ステップS14の後に、処理がステップS10に移行する。ステップS10では、充電電流がさらに減少される。例えば0.7Cから0.4Cに減少される。
ステップS17:Vcellov≦Vnかどうかが判定される。この条件が成立しない場合には、ステップS16(cellovのみセルバランスがオン)に処理が戻る。
ステップS18:ステップS18の条件が成立する場合、充電一旦停止処理前にオンしていたセルバランスのみオンとする。そして、処理が図6のステップS11(充電継続)に戻る。
図8のセルの電圧の時間変化のグラフを参照して制御の第1の例について説明する。蓄電部BBが4個のセルC1~C4から構成されている。各セルの間の特性のバラツキのために、時間変化のグラフが相違している。最初に、1C充電によって、セルC1~C4の電圧が徐々に増加する。
図9および図10のセルの電圧の時間変化のグラフを参照して制御の第2の例について説明する。図9および図10は、時間的に連続する変化を示す1つのグラフを、作図スペースの制約上、2分割したものである。上述した第1の例と同様に、蓄電部BBが4個のセルC1~C4の直列接続の場合を例にしている。第2の例は、各セルの間のバラツキが第1の例に比して非常に大きい例である。最初に、1C充電によって、セルC1~C4の電圧が増加する。
図12に示すように、本開示の第2の実施の形態は、セルバランス放電回路23に対してモジュールバランス放電回路を付加するものである。モジュールバランス放電回路は、抵抗rMとスイッチsMとの直列回路をセルC1~C16の直列回路の正側および負側の間に接続するものである。したがって、スイッチsMがオンとされると、セルC1~C16と並列に抵抗rMが挿入されることになる。したがって、充電時に、スイッチsMがオンした場合には、充電電流がより小さいものとされる。スイッチsMは、セルC1~C16の電圧が予め設定したモジュールバランスオン電圧Vmb(>Vov)より大となるとオンされる。
図13および図14のフローチャートを参照して充電時の制御処理について説明する。図13および図14は、本来一連の処理の流れを表すものであるが、作図スペースの関係で2枚の図面へ分割したものである。なお、第1の実施の形態の制御動作と同様の処理であり、図13は、図6と処理と同様である。但し、ステップS12’においては、Vcell n≧Vmbかどうかが判定される。
ステップS19:スイッチsMがオンとされ、モジュール間バランスがオンとされる。
ステップS17:Vcellov≦Vnかどうかが判定される。この条件が成立しない場合には、ステップS16(cell ovのみセルバランスがオン)に処理が戻る。
ステップS18:ステップS18の条件が成立する場合、充電一旦停止処理前にオンしていたセルバランスのみオンとする。そして、処理が図13のステップS11(充電継続)に戻る。
図15および図16のセルの電圧の時間変化のグラフを参照して第2の実施の形態による制御の例について説明する。図15および図16は、時間的に連続する変化を示す1つのグラフを、作図スペースの制約上、2分割したものである。上述した第1の実施の形態における例と同様に、蓄電部BBが4個のセルC1~C4の直列接続の場合を例にしている。最初に、1C充電によって、セルC1~C4の電圧が増加する。
(1)
直列接続され、少なくとも1以上の電池を有する複数の蓄電部と、
前記蓄電部のそれぞれにスイッチを介して並列接続されたセルバランス部と、
前記複数の蓄電部を第1の定電流値で充電し、前記複数の蓄電部の内で、最高電圧の蓄電部が第1の電位に達した際に、前記最高電圧の蓄電部と前記最高電圧に対応するセルバランス部とを接続すると共に、充電電流を前記第1の定電流値よりも小さい第2の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する制御部と
を備える蓄電装置。
(2)
前記制御部は複数の蓄電部の内、前記最高電圧の蓄電部と異なる少なくとも一つの蓄電部が前記第1の電位よりも高い第2の電位に達した際に、前記第2の電位に達した蓄電部と前記第2の電位に達した蓄電部に対応するセルバランス部とを接続する共に、充電電流を前記第2の定電流値よりも小さい第3の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する(1)に記載の蓄電装置
(3)
前記制御部は、前記充電電流の切替を行う閾値を3以上、設定するように構成される(1)(2)の何れかに記載の充電装置。
(4)
前記蓄電部の最高電圧が前記所定電圧より高く、過充電電圧より小さい充電停止電圧に達した場合に、充電を停止して当該蓄電部のみ放電し、当該蓄電部の電圧が設定電圧まで放電すると、充電を再開する(1)(2)(3)の何れかに記載の蓄電装置。
(5)
前記複数の蓄電部の中で最小の電圧が充電完了電圧以上となると、充電を完了する(1)(2)(3)(4)の何れかに記載の蓄電装置。
(6)
前記蓄電部の最高電圧が前記所定電圧より高い第2の所定電圧に達した際に、前記複数の蓄電部の全体に対して並列接続されたバランス部のスイッチをオンとすると共に、定電流値を低下させる(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)の何れかに記載の充電装置。
(7)
前記セルバランス部が前記蓄電部とそれぞれ並列接続されるスイッチおよび抵抗である(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)の何れかに記載の蓄電装置。
(8)
前記蓄電部に含まれる電池がオリビン構造を有する正極活物質を有するものである(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)の何れかに記載の蓄電装置。
(9)
直列接続され、少なくとも1以上の電池を有する複数の蓄電部と、
前記蓄電部のそれぞれにスイッチを介して並列接続されたセルバランス部と、
前記セルバランス部を制御する制御部とを有し、
前記制御部によって、前記複数の蓄電部を第1の定電流値で充電し、前記複数の蓄電部の内で、最高電圧の蓄電部が所定の電位に達した際に、前記最高電圧の蓄電部と前記最高電圧と対応するセルバランス部とを接続すると共に、充電電流を前記第1の定電流値よりも小さい第2の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する
蓄電装置の制御方法。
「住宅における電力貯蔵装置」
本開示を住宅用の電力貯蔵装置に適用した例について、図17を参照して説明する。例えば住宅101用の電力貯蔵装置100においては、火力発電102a、原子力発電102b、水力発電102c等の集中型電力系統102から電力網109、情報網112、スマートメータ107、パワーハブ108等を介し、電力が蓄電装置103に供給される。これと共に、家庭内発電装置104等の独立電源から電力が蓄電装置103に供給される。蓄電装置103に供給された電力が蓄電される。蓄電装置103を使用して、住宅101で使用する電力が給電される。住宅101に限らずビルに関しても同様の電力貯蔵装置を使用できる。
本開示を車両用の電力貯蔵装置に適用した例について、図18を参照して説明する。図18に、本開示が適用されるシリーズハイブリッドシステムを採用するハイブリッド車両の構成の一例を概略的に示す。シリーズハイブリッドシステムはエンジンで動かす発電機で発電された電力、あるいはそれを電池に一旦貯めておいた電力を用いて、電力駆動力変換装置で走行する車である。
以上、本開示の実施形態について具体的に説明したが、上述の各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本開示の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。例えば、上述の実施形態において挙げた構成、方法、工程、形状、材料および数値などはあくまでも例に過ぎず、必要に応じてこれと異なる構成、方法、工程、形状、材料および数値などを用いてもよい。例えば本開示は、電力貯蔵装置以外のシステムに対しても適用することができる。
ICNT・・・メインコントローラ
CNT・・・モジュールコントローラ
C1~Cn・・・セル
BB1~BBn・・・蓄電部
3・・・バス
11・・・セル電圧マルチプレクサ
12,19・・・A/Dコンバータおよびコンパレータ
13・・・監視回路
16・・・温度マルチプレクサ
20・・・サブマイクロコントローラユニット
21・・・通信部
23・・・セルバランス放電回路
30・・・メインマイクロコントローラユニット
r1~r16、rM・・・抵抗
s1~s16、sM・・・スイッチ
Claims (9)
- 直列接続され、少なくとも1以上の電池を有する複数の蓄電部と、
前記蓄電部のそれぞれにスイッチを介して並列接続されたセルバランス部と、
前記複数の蓄電部を第1の定電流値で充電し、前記複数の蓄電部の内で、最高電圧の蓄電部が第1の電位に達した際に、前記最高電圧の蓄電部と前記最高電圧に対応するセルバランス部とを接続すると共に、充電電流を前記第1の定電流値よりも小さい第2の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する制御部と
を備える蓄電装置。 - 前記制御部は複数の蓄電部の内、前記最高電圧の蓄電部と異なる少なくとも一つの蓄電部が前記第1の電位よりも高い第2の電位に達した際に、前記第2の電位に達した蓄電部と前記第2の電位に達した蓄電部に対応するセルバランス部とを接続する共に、充電電流を前記第2の定電流値よりも小さい第3の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する請求項1記載の蓄電装置
- 前記制御部は、前記充電電流の切替を行う閾値を3以上、設定するように構成される請求項2に記載の充電装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記蓄電部の最高電圧が前記第1の電圧より高く、過充電電圧より小さい充電停止電圧に達した場合に、充電を停止して当該蓄電部のみ放電し、当該蓄電部の電圧が設定電圧まで放電すると、充電を再開する請求項1に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記複数の蓄電部の中で最小の電圧が充電完了電圧以上となると、充電を完了する請求項1に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電部の最高電圧が前記所定電圧より高い第2の所定電圧に達した際に、前記複数の蓄電部の全体に対して並列接続されたバランス部のスイッチをオンとすると共に、定電流値を低下させる請求項1に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記セルバランス部が前記蓄電部とそれぞれ並列接続されるスイッチおよび抵抗である請求項1に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記蓄電部に含まれる電池がオリビン構造を有する正極活物質を有するものである請求項1に記載の蓄電装置。
- 直列接続され、少なくとも1以上の電池を有する複数の蓄電部と、
前記蓄電部のそれぞれにスイッチを介して並列接続されたセルバランス部と、
前記セルバランス部を制御する制御部とを有し、
前記制御部によって、前記複数の蓄電部を第1の定電流値で充電し、前記複数の蓄電部の内で、最高電圧の蓄電部が第1の電位に達した際に、前記最高電圧の蓄電部と前記最高電圧に対応するセルバランス部とを接続すると共に、充電電流を前記第1の定電流値よりも小さい第2の定電流値に切り替えるように制御する
蓄電装置の制御方法。
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US20160218528A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
CN105531903A (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
AU2014322623B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
EP3048697A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
EP3048697B1 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
CA2923375C (en) | 2020-08-25 |
US10069311B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
EP3048697A4 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
CA2923375A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP2015061335A (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
CN105531903B (zh) | 2018-12-04 |
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JP6225588B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
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