WO2015033945A1 - 田植機 - Google Patents
田植機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015033945A1 WO2015033945A1 PCT/JP2014/073120 JP2014073120W WO2015033945A1 WO 2015033945 A1 WO2015033945 A1 WO 2015033945A1 JP 2014073120 W JP2014073120 W JP 2014073120W WO 2015033945 A1 WO2015033945 A1 WO 2015033945A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- torque
- spring
- arm shaft
- leveling mechanism
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rice transplanter.
- a non-constant speed mechanism is provided for sparse planting so that the planting claws escape and move more quickly from the field with reference to the dense planting state, and one of the rotary planting arm shafts that support the planting claws.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for providing a speed change as follows by providing an inconstant speed transmission mechanism between a planting mission case and a planting arm shaft and changing an angular velocity during one rotation. . That is, when a seedling is taken, a fast section is provided immediately after planting, and a slow section is provided before seedling and before planting, thereby realizing a good seedling harvesting operation and planting operation.
- the present invention provides a torque that cancels the torque fluctuation generated in the planting arm shaft, leveles the torque fluctuation, and improves the phase shift, thereby optimizing the locus of the planting claw and preventing poor planting.
- a rice transplanter is a rice transplanter that transmits power to a planting arm shaft that supports a rotary case via an inconstant speed mechanism, and cancels torque fluctuations caused by the inconstant speed mechanism.
- a torque leveling mechanism for applying torque is provided, and the torque leveling mechanism is attached to the crank part, and a crank part in which a part of a planting vertical axis for transmitting power to the planting arm shaft is formed in a crank shape. And the torque is applied by the spring.
- a unit clutch for connecting and disconnecting power transmission to the planting arm shaft is provided upstream of the torque leveling mechanism in the path for transmitting power to the planting arm shaft.
- the torque leveling mechanism is provided in a planting bevel case that accommodates the planting vertical axis, the planting bevel case has a housing portion that houses the torque leveling mechanism, and the torque leveling mechanism includes: , Assembled to the housing part.
- the housing part is integrally formed with the planting bevel case by being integrally formed with the planting bevel case.
- a rice transplanter is a rice transplanter that transmits power to a planting arm shaft that supports a rotary case via an inconstant speed mechanism, and cancels torque fluctuations caused by the inconstant speed mechanism.
- a torque leveling mechanism for applying torque is provided, and the torque leveling mechanism is provided in a power transmission path for transmitting power to the planting arm shaft and rotates at twice the number of rotations of the planting arm shaft.
- the hook has a curved surface portion that curves according to the outer peripheral shape of the crank portion, and a locking portion that extends from the curved surface portion toward the spring side and through which the end portion of the spring can be inserted.
- a plurality of planar portions formed in order, and the spring is fixed to the hooks by being sequentially inserted into a plurality of engaging portions provided on the planar portion of the hook.
- a rice transplanter is a rice transplanter that transmits power to a planting arm shaft that supports a rotary case via an inconstant speed mechanism, wherein the planting arm shaft is a planting chain case.
- a torque leveling mechanism that is driven via a chain and applies torque in the planted chain case that counteracts torque fluctuations caused by the non-uniform speed mechanism, and the torque leveling mechanism includes the planting chain Change the chain drive force by changing the chain tension in the case.
- the torque fluctuation generated by the inconstant speed mechanism is leveled, the rotational fluctuation is suppressed, and the phase shift is improved, so that the locus of the planting claw can be optimized and poor planting can be prevented.
- A) is a figure which shows the fixing method to the hook in which the locking hole of a coil spring is provided
- (b) is a figure which shows the fixing method to the hook in which the locking groove of a coil spring is provided. It is a figure which shows the method to install in a housing part the coil spring and the hook integrated with the coil spring.
- (A) is explanatory drawing of the torque provided by a torque leveling mechanism, when the contraction force of a coil spring becomes the same direction as the rotation direction of a planting vertical axis
- (b) is the contraction force of a coil spring by planting length. It is explanatory drawing of the torque provided by a torque leveling mechanism, when it becomes a direction opposite to the rotation direction of a shaft. It is a figure which shows the torque fluctuation which arises in the planting arm axis
- the rice transplanter 1 will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- the rice transplanter 1 performs planting work by the planting unit 5 while driving the front wheel 3 and the rear wheel 4 with the power of the engine 2.
- the power from the engine 2 is transmitted to the front wheel 3 and the rear wheel 4 through the transmission case 6, and to the planting unit 5 through the transmission case 6 and the stock change device 9, respectively.
- the planting unit 5 includes a planting center case 10, a planting bevel case 11, a rotary case 12, a planting arm 13, a seedling table 14, and a plurality of floats 15.
- FIG. 2 is a transmission system diagram regarding the planting drive of the planting unit 5. Although FIG. 2 shows one planting unit, the other planting units are similarly configured.
- the planting horizontal shaft 20 branched from the planting center case 10 is transmitted to the planting vertical axis 22 in the planting bevel case 11 via the bevel gears 21a and 21b.
- a torque limiter 26 is attached to the planting vertical axis 22, and power transmission is cut off when a predetermined load or more is applied to the planting vertical axis 22.
- the unit clutch 24 from the planting longitudinal axis 22 via the inconstant speed bevel gears 23a and 23b. Power is transmitted to the planting arm shaft 25 when the unit clutch 24 is connected according to the connection / disconnection of the unit clutch 24. On the other hand, when the unit clutch 24 is in a disconnected state, power is not transmitted to the planting arm shaft 25.
- the planting arm shaft 25 extends into the rotary case 12 provided on the left and right of the planting bevel case 11 and is fixed to the rotary case 12.
- the sun gear 30 fixed to the planting bevel case 11 is transmitted to the planetary gear 32 via the intermediate gear 31.
- it is transmitted to the planting arm 13 fixed to the planetary gear 32 via the rotor arm shaft 33, and the planting claw 34 is rotated together with the rotary case 12, so that the seedling can be taken from the seedling stage 14 and planted. .
- Inconstant speed mechanism An inconstant speed mechanism included in the inter-plant change device 9 for transmitting power to the planting unit 5 and an inconstant speed mechanism including the inconstant speed bevel gears 23a and 23b in the planting bevel case 11 of the planting unit 5.
- the planting arm shaft 25 rotates at an unequal speed. That is, when the planting claw 34 takes the seedling from the seedling stage 14 and when the planting claw 34 is quickly pulled out from the field after planting the seedling and the seedling remaining on the planting claw 34 is shaken off, the rotary case 12 rotates. The rotational speed of the rotary case 12 is reduced before the seedlings are planted in the field and when the planting claws 34 are inserted into the seedling stage 14 while speeding up the driving.
- the planting claw 34 scrapes off the seedling from the seedling mounting table 14 in a slanted posture in a side view, and then the planting claw is in a posture close to the vertical and heads to the farm field, and after having descended, it is necessary to turn upward. Therefore, the sun gear 30, the intermediate gear 31, and the planetary gear 32 in the rotary case 12 are non-circular and eccentric.
- the rotor arm shaft 33 supporting the planting arm 13 is also rotated at an inconstant speed with respect to the rotary case 12 by an inconstant speed mechanism.
- a crank-spring type torque leveling mechanism 40 is provided on the planting longitudinal axis 22 in the planting bevel case 11.
- the planting vertical axis 22 has a crank portion 41 formed by bending in a crank shape, and a coil spring 42 is attached to the crank portion 41.
- the planting bevel case 11 includes a housing portion 45 that houses the torque leveling mechanism 40 and a lid 46 that closes an opening provided in the housing portion 45.
- the housing portion 45 is provided at a position where the crank portion 41 is formed on the planting vertical axis 22, that is, at a position near the planting arm shaft 25 (rear side).
- the housing portion 45 is integrally provided as a part of the planted bevel case 11 by being integrally formed.
- the housing part 45 has a shape protruding upward from the upper surface of the planting bevel case 11. This is to avoid interference with the rotary case 12 because the planting arm shaft 25 is provided from the rear part of the planting bevel case 11 toward both sides and the rotary case 12 is supported.
- an opening 45a used for installation, replacement, repair, etc. of the torque leveling mechanism 40 is provided on one side surface of the housing part 45.
- the opening 45a is an opening provided on the entire side surface (left side) of the housing part 45, and is accessible inside the housing part 45 through the opening 45a.
- the opening 45a is provided so that it can be opened and closed. Specifically, by fixing the sheet metal lid 46 with a bolt or the like, the opening 45a is closed and the inside of the planting bevel case 11 is sealed.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 includes a crank part 41 of the planting longitudinal axis 22, a coil spring 42 that is attached to the crank part 41 and gives elastic force to the crank part 41, and a hook for attaching the coil spring 42 to the crank part 41. 43 is comprised.
- One end (lower end) of the coil spring 42 is attached to the crank portion 41 via a hook 43.
- the other end (upper end) of the coil spring 42 is attached to the planting bevel case 11 via a spring hook 47 provided at the upper end of the housing part 45.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 is accommodated in the housing part 45.
- the coil spring 42 is a general coil spring configured by winding a metal wire in a cylindrical shape, and an upper end extending upward is bent and a spring hook 44 is provided, and a lower end is wound in a cylindrical shape. Is maintained.
- a hook 43 is fixed to the lower end of the coil spring 42.
- the hook 43 is a hook-shaped metal fitting formed by bending a single metal plate.
- the hook 43 has a curved surface portion 43a having a curved shape that can be locked to the outer periphery of the crank portion 41, and a locking portion that extends from the curved surface portion 43a toward the coil spring 42 and through which an end of the coil spring 42 can be inserted (FIG. 6).
- (A) is configured by a flat portion 43b provided with a plurality of locking holes and a locking groove in FIG. 6 (b).
- the coil spring 42 is fixed to the hook 43 by inserting the end portion into the engaging portion formed on the flat surface portion 43 b in order while rotating the coil spring 42.
- the contact with the crank portion 41 in the side surface cross section of the curved surface portion 43a is about half of a perfect circle, and the upper side is opened by the shaft diameter of the crank portion 41 so that the crank portion 41 can be hooked from below. Formed into a shape.
- the spring hook 47 has an H shape in which a notch is provided from the center of two opposite sides of the rectangular plate to the center of the plate.
- the notch of the spring hook 47 is formed to a size that allows the spring hook 44 of the coil spring 42 to be hooked.
- the cost can be reduced without greatly increasing the number of parts when the torque leveling mechanism 40 is introduced into an existing rice transplanter.
- the opening 45a that opens on one side of the housing 45 and the opening 45a can be opened and closed by the lid 46, the assembly work can be easily performed through the opening 45a during assembly.
- the lid 46 can be removed during maintenance to easily perform maintenance through the opening 45a, thereby improving maintainability.
- the spring hook 44 of the coil spring 42 and the hook 43 integrated with the coil spring 42 can be easily installed by being hooked on the spring hook 47 and the crank portion 41, respectively. Realize the sex. Furthermore, a hook 43 as a separate member is provided at the connecting portion between the coil spring 42 and the crank portion 41, and the coil spring 42 and the hook 43 are integrally fixed, so that the influence of the rotational motion of the crank portion 41 is directly affected. The coil spring 42 is not given to the coil spring 42 and the life of the coil spring 42 can be extended.
- the hook 43 is preferably made of a material having a low friction coefficient, wear resistance and surface pressure resistance, such as a material generally used for a bush.
- a bearing material such as a bush for the hook 43 in this way, wear due to friction with the crank portion 41 can be prevented, and high durability can be ensured.
- the crank portion 41 rotates at a position eccentric from the center of rotation of the planting vertical axis 22, and the length of the coil spring 42 changes to generate an elastic force in the coil spring 42.
- torque is generated in conjunction with the rotation of the planting vertical axis 22.
- the elastic force generated in the coil spring 42 is applied as torque to the planting arm shaft 25 via the planting longitudinal axis 22.
- the mechanism for generating torque in conjunction with the rotation of the planting vertical axis 22 is not limited to the crank / spring mechanism using the crank portion 41 and the coil spring 42, and the cam rotating with the planting vertical axis 22 and the cam
- a cam-spring type mechanism constituted by a leaf spring that imparts elastic force can also be employed.
- FIG. 8 has shown the figure at the time of seeing from the front, and the planting vertical axis
- crank portion 41 rotates around the planting longitudinal axis 22
- the elastic force generated in the crank portion 41 as the coil spring 42 expands and contracts is transmitted to the planting arm shaft 25 as a periodic torque.
- a curve close to a sine curve is drawn according to the position and angle of the spring hook 47 that is the fixed end of the coil spring 42 and the crank portion 41, that is, the position and angle of the crank portion 41 with respect to the planting longitudinal axis 22.
- the direction of the torque fluctuation generated by the inconstant speed mechanism is canceled by matching the period of torque generated by the torque leveling mechanism 40 with the period of torque fluctuation generated in the planting arm shaft 25 by the inconstant speed mechanism.
- torque is generated by the torque leveling mechanism 40 (so as to have an opposite phase in the drawing).
- the planting vertical axis 22 including the crank portion 41 rotates at twice the number of rotations of the planting arm shaft 25, the planting arm shaft 25 is rotated two times during one rotation of the planting arm shaft 25. Torque for the period is generated.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 can generate a torque that cancels out a periodic torque fluctuation having two peaks that occur during one rotation of the rotary case 12 via the inconstant speed mechanism, and equalizes the torque. it can. In this way, by adjusting the cycle of the torque leveling mechanism 40 to the cycle of torque fluctuation by the inconstant speed mechanism, torque is synthesized to suppress torque fluctuation caused by the inconstant speed mechanism.
- the equalized torque in the opposite phase is applied to the torque fluctuation caused by the inconstant speed mechanism.
- the torque fluctuation is completely reversed. It may not be the phase leveling torque.
- it is possible to cancel the torque fluctuation by applying a leveling torque that is appropriately delayed by 30 ° or 45 ° with respect to the torque fluctuation.
- it can be set as appropriate by changing the timing of the torque generating mechanism provided on the planting vertical axis 22.
- the application timing of the leveling torque can be adjusted by changing the phase of the crank portion 41 relative to the planting longitudinal axis 22 when the coil spring 42 is attached to the crank portion 41.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 applies a smooth torque having the same cycle (two cycles for one rotation of the rotary case 12) as the cycle of the torque variation generated by the inconstant speed mechanism, thereby leveling the torque variation.
- the phase shift of the planting arm shaft 25 can be improved.
- the planting arm shaft 25 can smoothly rotate at a non-uniform speed without twisting or rattling, stabilizing the locus of the planting claw 34 during high-speed rotation, and preventing poor planting.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 is provided for each planting unit in which the planting arm shaft 25 is provided. In other words, since the leveling torque cancels out in each unit with the torque fluctuation generated by the acceleration / deceleration of the rotary case 12, the torque fluctuation does not go back to the upstream side of the transmission system. it can.
- the housing portion 45 in the present embodiment is formed in a shape protruding upward, so that the torque leveling mechanism 40 is located near the planting arm shaft 25 of the planting vertical axis 22 without interfering with the rotation of the rotary case 12. Provided. That is, the torque fluctuation can be leveled effectively by providing the torque leveling mechanism 40 in the vicinity of the site where the occurrence of the shakiness due to the non-uniform speed motion is likely to occur.
- the opening of the housing portion is not limited to the side surface, and can be provided on the upper surface.
- the housing portion is provided integrally with the planting bevel case 11, and the housing lower portion whose upper surface is open and the planting bevel case 11 are provided as separate members.
- the length of the coil spring 42 can be adjusted by making the spring hook 47 movable in the vertical direction within the housing portion 45 by using a clutch pin, an arm or the like. That is, the spring force of the coil spring 42 can be adjusted by changing the position of the spring hook 47, and the leveling torque to be applied can be adjusted.
- a U-shaped hook 50 As a hook for attaching the coil spring 42 to the crank portion 41, a U-shaped hook 50 as shown in FIG.
- the hook 50 has a flat plate curved in a U shape, and a hook portion 51 locked to the crank portion 41 from below, and a pin 52 fixed through the flat portion of the hook portion 51 curved in a U shape. And a frame 53 that is rotatably provided on the outer periphery of the pin 52.
- a spring hook 54 is provided at the lower end of the coil spring 42 similarly to the upper end. In the center of the top 53, a groove for hooking the spring hook 54 is provided.
- the power transmission path to the planting part 5 in the above-described embodiment mainly uses gears
- the power branching from the planting center case 10 can be transmitted to each planting unit.
- a chain drive type using a sprocket and a chain can be similarly applied.
- a chain drive type for power transmission from the planting horizontal shaft 20 to the rotary case 12 of each unit, instead of the planting bevel case 11 that houses the planting vertical axis 22 and the bevel gears 23a and 23b, planting is performed.
- a drive sprocket fixed to the attached horizontal shaft 20, a sprocket fixed to the planting arm shaft 25, and a planted chain case that accommodates a chain wound around these sprockets are provided.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 is provided on the planting horizontal shaft 20, that is, a part of the planting horizontal shaft 20 is formed in a crank shape and the crank portion 41 is provided, and the hook 43 is provided on the crank portion 41.
- the structure which attaches the coil spring 42 via can be employ
- a shaft (option shaft) that rotates at twice the planting arm shaft 25 is added to the planting arm shaft 25, and the torque leveling mechanism 40 is similarly provided on the option shaft. Similar effects can be obtained.
- a follower sprocket is added to the chain in the planted chain case, a crank portion 41 is provided on the support shaft of the follower sprocket, and a coil spring 42 is similarly disposed via the hook 43, whereby torque is applied to the support shaft.
- a leveling mechanism 40 may be provided.
- the unit clutch 24 is provided between the planting longitudinal axis 22 and the planting arm shaft 25, but the unit clutch is preferably provided upstream in the power transmission path of the torque leveling mechanism 40. preferable.
- the torque leveling mechanism 40 operates according to the connection of the unit clutch. That is, since the leveling torque does not act when the unit clutch is disengaged, the leveling torque according to the number of operating stripes can be appropriately applied.
- 11 to 13 show examples of arrangement in the case where the unit clutch 60 is provided on the planting horizontal shaft 20.
- the unit clutch 60 is provided on a bevel gear 21 a that transmits power from the planting horizontal shaft 20 to the planting vertical axis 22. That is, the unit clutch 60 can disconnect the power transmission to the torque leveling mechanism 40 provided on the planting vertical axis 22 by connecting and disconnecting the power transmission between the planting horizontal axis 20 and the planting vertical axis 22. It is.
- a bevel gear 21a is supported on the planting horizontal shaft 20 so as to be relatively rotatable.
- the bevel gear 21a has a cylindrical portion that extends along the planting longitudinal axis 22 on the back side of the gear forming portion, and a movable clutch 61 is slidably supported on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion via a spline.
- a cam 62 is provided at the end of the movable clutch 61.
- a fixed cam 63 that can mesh with the cam 62 is fixed to the planting horizontal shaft 20. The fixed cam 63 is supported by the planting horizontal shaft 20 so as not to be relatively rotatable.
- a spring 64 is interposed between the bevel gear 21 a and the movable clutch 61, and the cam 62 of the movable clutch 61 and the fixed cam 63 of the planting horizontal shaft 20 are pressed by the elastic force of the spring 64 in a direction to engage with each other. .
- a flange 65 projects from the outer periphery of the movable clutch 61. When the clutch pin 66 comes into contact with the flange 65, the spring 64 is compressed and the cam 62 of the movable clutch 61 moves away from the fixed cam 63. In other words, the clutch pin 66 is configured to operate the connection and disconnection of the unit clutch 60.
- a bevel gear 21a is supported on the planting horizontal shaft 20 so as to be relatively rotatable.
- the bevel gear 21a has a cylindrical portion that extends along the planting longitudinal axis 22 on the back side of the gear forming portion, and a movable clutch 61 is slidably supported on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion via a spline. . Further, the end portion of the cylindrical portion of the bevel gear 21 a comes into contact with a retaining ring 67 fixed to the planting horizontal shaft 20.
- a cam 62 is provided at the end of the movable clutch 61.
- a fixed cam 63 that can mesh with the cam 62 is fixed to the planting horizontal shaft 20.
- the fixed cam 63 is supported by the planting horizontal shaft 20 so as not to be relatively rotatable.
- a spring 64 is interposed between the bevel gear 21 a and the movable clutch 61, and the cam 62 of the movable clutch 61 and the fixed cam 63 of the planting horizontal shaft 20 are pressed by the elastic force of the spring 64 in a direction to engage with each other. .
- a flange 65 projects from the outer periphery of the movable clutch 61. When the clutch pin 66 comes into contact with the flange 65, the spring 64 is compressed and the cam 62 of the movable clutch 61 moves away from the fixed cam 63. In other words, the clutch pin 66 is configured to operate the connection and disconnection of the unit clutch 60.
- a bevel gear 21a is supported on the planting horizontal shaft 20 so as to be relatively rotatable.
- the bevel gear 21a has a cylindrical portion extending along the planting vertical axis 22 on the gear forming portion side and extending toward the bevel gear 21b on the planting vertical axis 22 side, and a movable clutch 61 is provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion. It is slidably supported through a spline. Further, the back surface portion of the gear forming portion of the bevel gear 21 a abuts on a retaining ring 68 fixed to the planting horizontal shaft 20.
- a cam 62 is provided at the end of the movable clutch 61.
- a fixed cam 63 that can mesh with the cam 62 is fixed to the planting horizontal shaft 20.
- the fixed cam 63 is supported by the planting horizontal shaft 20 so as not to be relatively rotatable.
- a spring seat 69 is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the tubular portion of the bevel gear 21 a, and a spring 64 is interposed between the spring seat 69 and the movable clutch 61.
- the cam 62 of the movable clutch 61 and the fixed cam 63 of the planting lateral shaft 20 are pressed in a direction to be engaged with each other by the elastic force of the spring 64.
- a flange 65 projects from the outer periphery of the movable clutch 61.
- the clutch pin 66 When the clutch pin 66 comes into contact with the flange 65, the spring 64 is compressed and the cam 62 of the movable clutch 61 moves away from the fixed cam 63. In other words, the clutch pin 66 is configured to operate the connection and disconnection of the unit clutch 60.
- FIG. 14 shows an arrangement example when the unit clutch 70 is provided on the planting vertical axis 22.
- the unit clutch 70 is provided in the transmission path from the bevel gear 21b to the torque limiter 26. That is, the unit clutch 70 is disposed upstream of the torque leveling mechanism 40 provided on the planting vertical axis 22 and upstream of the torque limiter 26. Thereby, the unit clutch 70 cuts off the power transmission to the torque leveling mechanism 40 provided on the planting vertical axis 22 by connecting and disconnecting the power transmission between the planting horizontal axis 20 and the planting vertical axis 22. Is possible.
- a cylindrical member 71 having a cam that can mesh with the clutch of the torque limiter 26 is supported on the outer periphery of the planting longitudinal axis 22 so as not to be relatively rotatable.
- a bevel gear 21b is supported on the outer periphery of the cylindrical member 71 so as to be relatively rotatable, and a movable clutch 72 is slidably supported via a spline.
- a cam 73 is provided at the end of the movable clutch 72.
- a fixed cam 74 that can mesh with the cam 73 is fixed to the bevel gear 21b.
- a spring 75 is interposed between the movable clutch 72 and the cylindrical member 71, and the cam 73 of the movable clutch 72 and the fixed cam 74 of the bevel gear 21 b are pressed by the elastic force of the spring 75 in a meshing direction.
- a flange 76 projects from the outer periphery of the movable clutch 72.
- FIG. 15 shows a transmission system diagram when a chain drive type is used for the planting drive of the planting unit 5.
- power is transmitted from the planting horizontal shaft 20 to the safety clutch 81 in the planting chain case 80 and transmitted to the sprocket 82 fixed to the safety clutch 81.
- a chain 85 is wound around the sprocket 82 and a sprocket 84 provided in the unit clutch 83 on the rotary case side.
- the chain driving force can be changed by increasing or decreasing the tension of the chain 85 by the torque leveling mechanism 90 that changes the tension of the chain 85.
- leveling torque is applied to the planting arm shaft 25.
- the torque leveling mechanism 90 is provided on the same level as the leveling sprocket 91 and sprocket 82 having the same number of teeth as the drive-side sprocket 82, and is wound around the driving sprocket 92 and leveling sprocket 91 having the same number of teeth as the sprocket 82.
- a tension sprocket 97 to which the shaft 96 is connected is provided.
- the tension sprocket 97 is a driven sprocket that is supported so as to be rotatable relative to the central shaft 96, can contact the chain 85 wound around the sprockets 82 and 84, and rotates as the chain 85 rotates. .
- a pair of guides 98 are provided on both sides of the central shaft 96 of the tension sprocket 97, and the tension sprocket 97 is regulated so as to move linearly.
- the tension sprocket 97 is linearly moved by the guide 98 to reciprocate in the direction of increasing (tensioning) the tension of the chain 85 and the direction of reducing (releasing) the chain 85, thereby driving the chain 85. Change power regularly.
- the leveling torque can be applied to the planting arm shaft 25 by changing the chain driving force of the chain 85.
- the torque leveling mechanism 90 in the planting chain case 80, it is possible to improve durability and maintainability while ensuring mudproofing and waterproofing without increasing the size of the device configuration. .
- the mechanism for reciprocating the tension sprocket 97 is not limited to the crank type described above, and a cam type as shown in FIG. 17 may be used.
- the cam 100 has a cam surface formed by a semicircle and a semi-ellipse, and is configured such that the tappet 101 reciprocates once when the cam 100 makes one rotation.
- the position where the tension is changed by the tension sprocket 97 is not limited to the arrangement in which the tension is changed from the inside as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, and the arrangement in which the tension is changed from the outside of the chain 85 may be used. You may arrange
- the sprocket for driving the leveling sprocket 91, that is, the chain 93 wound around the leveling sprocket 91 may be the sprocket 84 on the planting arm side.
- a belt drive system using a pulley and a belt can be adopted as well as a chain drive system using a sprocket and a chain, and even in the case of a belt drive system, a torque leveling mechanism can be provided as in the chain drive system.
- the present invention can be used for rice transplanters.
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Abstract
Description
そのため、密植状態を基準にして、植付爪を圃場からより迅速に逃げ移動させるべく疎植の際に、不等速機構を設けて、植付爪を支持するロータリ式植付アーム軸の一回転中の角速度(回転速度)を変化させる方法がある。
そこで、本発明は、植付アーム軸に生じるトルク変動を打ち消すトルクを与えて、トルク変動を平準化し、位相のズレを改善することで、植付爪の軌跡を適正化し、植付不良を防ぐ田植機を提供する。
田植機1は、エンジン2の動力により前輪3及び後輪4を駆動させて走行しながら、植付部5により植付作業を行う。エンジン2からの動力はミッションケース6を経て前輪3及び後輪4に、並びに、ミッションケース6及び株間変更装置9を経て植付部5にそれぞれ伝達される。
植付部5は、植付センターケース10、植付ベベルケース11、ロータリケース12、植付アーム13、苗載台14、及び、複数のフロート15を具備する。
植付センターケース10から分岐される植付横軸20から、植付ベベルケース11内でベベルギア21a・21bを介して植付縦軸22に伝達される。植付縦軸22には、トルクリミッタ26が取付けられ、植付縦軸22に所定以上の負荷がかかると動力伝達が遮断される。そして、不等速ベベルギア23a・23bを介して植付縦軸22からユニットクラッチ24に伝達される。
ユニットクラッチ24の断接に応じて接続状態となった場合に、植付アーム軸25に動力が伝達される。他方、ユニットクラッチ24が切断状態となった場合は、植付アーム軸25に動力は伝達されない。
植付部5へ動力を伝達する株間変更装置9の内部に含まれる不等速機構、及び、植付部5の植付ベベルケース11内の不等速ベベルギア23a・23bを含む不等速機構によって、植付アーム軸25が不等速で回転運動する。
すなわち、植付爪34が苗載台14から苗を取る時、及び、苗の植付後に植付爪34を圃場から素早く引き抜くとともに植付爪34に残る苗を振り落とす時にロータリケース12の回転駆動を速くするとともに、圃場へ苗を植付ける前、及び、植付爪34を苗載台14に差し込む時にロータリケース12の回転速度を緩めている。
このように、不等速機構を介して植付アーム軸25に動力が伝達され、周期的な加減速を伴って回転駆動される。これにより、植付アーム軸25に不等速運動に起因するトルク変動が発生する。具体的には、各植付爪34の苗取時と植付時を基準にそれぞれ加減速しているので、不等速運動に起因するトルク変動は、ロータリケース12が一回転する間に二回のピークを有する周期的な変動となる。
なお、密植時等、株間変更装置9にて設定される株間数によっては、等速で動力が伝達される場合もあり、常に不等速で動力が伝達されるとは限らない。
図2に示すように、クランク・バネ方式のトルク平準化機構40が植付ベベルケース11内の植付縦軸22に設けられる。植付縦軸22は、クランク状に屈曲されて形成されるクランク部41を有し、クランク部41にコイルバネ42が取付けられる。
図3及び図4に示すように、植付ベベルケース11は、トルク平準化機構40を収容するハウジング部45及びハウジング部45に設けられる開口を塞ぐ蓋46を有する。
コイルバネ42は、金属線を円筒形状に巻くことにより構成される一般的なコイルバネであり、上方に延出された上端は曲げられてバネフック44が設けられるとともに、下端は円筒形状に巻かれた状態が維持されている。コイルバネ42の下端にはフック43が固定される。
曲面部43aの側面断面におけるクランク部41との接触は、真円の半分程度であり、クランク部41に対して下側から引っ掛けることができるように上方側がクランク部41の軸径分だけ開放される形状に形成される。
なお、トルク平準化機構40の組付作業は、蓋46を外して植付ベベルケース11のハウジング部45を開けた状態で、開口部45aを通じて行われる。
また、ハウジング部45の一側面に、一面全体が開口する開口部45aを設けて蓋46によって開口部45aを開閉可能とすることで、組立時には開口部45aを通じて容易に組付作業を行うことができ、作業性が向上するとともに、メンテナンス時には蓋46を取り外して開口部45aを通じて容易にメンテナンスを行うことができ、メンテナンス性も向上する。
さらには、コイルバネ42とクランク部41との接続部分に別部材としてのフック43を設け、かつ、コイルバネ42とフック43を一体的に固定することで、クランク部41の回転運動の影響を直接的にコイルバネ42に与えることがなく、コイルバネ42の長寿命化も図ることができる。
なお、図8は前方から見た場合の図を示しており、植付縦軸22は、図示において時計回りに回転する。これにより、クランク部41は、植付縦軸22の回転軸を回転中心として時計回りに回転する。
このとき、クランク部41を含む植付縦軸22は、植付アーム軸25の回転数の二倍で回転するため、トルク平準化機構40には植付アーム軸25が一回転する間に二周期分のトルクが発生する。つまり、トルク平準化機構40は、不等速機構を介したロータリケース12の一回転の間に発生する二回のピークを有する周期的なトルク変動を打ち消して平準化するトルクを発生させることができる。
このように、トルク平準化機構40の周期を、不等速機構によるトルク変動の周期に合わせることで、トルクを合成して不等速機構に起因するトルク変動を抑えている。
この場合は、ハウジング上部の内部にバネかけ47を固定し、かつ、ハウジング上部をハウジング部の開口を塞ぐ蓋としても機能させることも可能である。また、ハウジング上部の上方を開口させて、別途の蓋によってそれを塞ぐことも可能である。この場合は、組立時の作業性を考慮して、蓋側にコイルバネ42のバネフック44を引っ掛けるバネかけ47を設けることが好ましい。
フック50は、平板をU字状に湾曲され、クランク部41に下方から係止されるフック部51と、U字状に湾曲されたフック部51の平面部分を貫通して固定されるピン52と、ピン52の外周に回転自在に設けられるコマ53を含んで構成される。このようなフック50を採用する場合には、コイルバネ42の下端に、上端と同様にバネフック54が設けられる。コマ53の中央には、バネフック54を引っ掛けるための溝が設けられる。
このような構成においては、トルク平準化機構40を植付横軸20に設ける、つまり、植付横軸20の一部をクランク状に形成してクランク部41を設け、クランク部41にフック43を介してコイルバネ42を取り付ける構成を採用できる。若しくは、植付アーム軸25に、植付アーム軸25の二倍で回転する軸(オプション軸)を追加して、当該オプション軸に同様にトルク平準化機構40を設けることで、本実施形態と同様の効果を得ることが可能である。さらには、植付チェーンケース内のチェーンに従動スプロケットを追加し、該従動スプロケットの支持軸にクランク部41を設け、同様にフック43を介してコイルバネ42を配置することで、当該支持軸にトルク平準化機構40を設けることも可能である。
以上の実施形態では、ユニットクラッチ24を植付縦軸22と植付アーム軸25の間に設けているが、ユニットクラッチは、トルク平準化機構40の動力伝達経路における上流側に設けることがより好ましい。上流側に設けることで、トルク平準化機構40はユニットクラッチの接続に応じて作用する。すなわち、ユニットクラッチの切断時に平準化トルクは作用しないので、作動条数に応じた平準化トルクを適正に作用させることができる。
植付横軸20にはベベルギア21aが相対回転可能に支持される。ベベルギア21aは、ギア形成部の背面側に植付縦軸22に沿って延出される筒状部を有し、該筒状部の外周に可動クラッチ61がスプラインを介してスライド可能に支持される。可動クラッチ61の端部にはカム62が設けられる。このカム62に噛合可能な固定カム63が植付横軸20に固定されている。固定カム63は、植付横軸20に相対回転不能に支持される。ベベルギア21aと可動クラッチ61との間にはバネ64が介装され、バネ64の弾性力によって可動クラッチ61のカム62と植付横軸20の固定カム63とが噛み合うよう方向に押圧されている。
また、可動クラッチ61の外周にはフランジ65が突出して設けられる。このフランジ65にクラッチピン66が当接することで、バネ64を圧縮して可動クラッチ61のカム62が固定カム63と離れる方向に移動する。つまり、クラッチピン66によって、ユニットクラッチ60の断接が操作されるように構成されている。
植付横軸20にはベベルギア21aが相対回転可能に支持される。ベベルギア21aは、ギア形成部の背面側に植付縦軸22に沿って延出される筒状部を有し、該筒状部の外周に可動クラッチ61がスプラインを介してスライド可能に支持される。また、ベベルギア21aの筒状部の端部は植付横軸20に固定される止め輪67に当接する。可動クラッチ61の端部にはカム62が設けられる。このカム62に噛合可能な固定カム63が植付横軸20に固定されている。固定カム63は、植付横軸20に相対回転不能に支持される。ベベルギア21aと可動クラッチ61との間にはバネ64が介装され、バネ64の弾性力によって可動クラッチ61のカム62と植付横軸20の固定カム63とが噛み合うよう方向に押圧されている。
また、可動クラッチ61の外周にはフランジ65が突出して設けられる。このフランジ65にクラッチピン66が当接することで、バネ64を圧縮して可動クラッチ61のカム62が固定カム63と離れる方向に移動する。つまり、クラッチピン66によって、ユニットクラッチ60の断接が操作されるように構成されている。
植付横軸20にはベベルギア21aが相対回転可能に支持される。ベベルギア21aは、ギア形成部側に植付縦軸22に沿って、植付縦軸22側のベベルギア21b側に延出される筒状部を有し、該筒状部の外周に可動クラッチ61がスプラインを介してスライド可能に支持される。また、ベベルギア21aのギア形成部の背面部は植付横軸20に固定される止め輪68に当接する。可動クラッチ61の端部にはカム62が設けられる。このカム62に噛合可能な固定カム63が植付横軸20に固定されている。固定カム63は、植付横軸20に相対回転不能に支持される。ベベルギア21aの筒状部の外周側にバネ座69が固定され、バネ座69と可動クラッチ61との間にはバネ64が介装される。バネ64の弾性力によって可動クラッチ61のカム62と植付横軸20の固定カム63とが噛み合うよう方向に押圧されている。
また、可動クラッチ61の外周にはフランジ65が突出して設けられる。このフランジ65にクラッチピン66が当接することで、バネ64を圧縮して可動クラッチ61のカム62が固定カム63と離れる方向に移動する。つまり、クラッチピン66によって、ユニットクラッチ60の断接が操作されるように構成されている。
トルクリミッタ26のクラッチと噛合可能なカムを有する筒状部材71が植付縦軸22の外周に相対回転不能に支持されている。筒状部材71の外周には、ベベルギア21bが相対回転可能に支持されるとともに、可動クラッチ72がスプラインを介してスライド可能に支持される。可動クラッチ72の端部にはカム73が設けられる。このカム73に噛合可能な固定カム74がベベルギア21bに固定されている。可動クラッチ72と筒状部材71との間にはバネ75が介装され、バネ75の弾性力によって可動クラッチ72のカム73とベベルギア21bの固定カム74とが噛み合う方向に押圧されている。
また、可動クラッチ72の外周にはフランジ76が突出して設けられている。このフランジ76にクラッチピン77が当接することで、バネ75を圧縮して可動クラッチ72のカム73が固定カム74と離れる方向に移動する。つまり、クラッチピン77によって、ユニットクラッチ70の断接が操作されるように構成されている。
次に、植付センターケース10から分岐される動力を各植付ユニットに伝達する動力伝達機構に、スプロケット及びチェーンによるチェーン駆動式のものを採用した場合のトルク平準化機構について説明する。
図15は、植付部5の植付駆動にチェーン駆動式のものを用いた場合の伝動系統図を示す。図15に示す実施形態では、植付横軸20から、植付チェーンケース80内の安全クラッチ81に動力が伝達され、安全クラッチ81に固定されるスプロケット82に伝達される。このスプロケット82とロータリケース側のユニットクラッチ83に設けられるスプロケット84とにチェーン85が巻回される。ユニットクラッチ83の断接に応じて接続状態となった場合は、スプロケット84及びチェーン85を介してチェーン駆動力として植付アーム軸25に動力が伝達される。
トルク平準化機構90は、駆動側のスプロケット82と同じ歯数を有する平準化スプロケット91、スプロケット82と同軸上に設けられ、スプロケット82と同じ歯数を有する駆動スプロケット92と平準化スプロケット91に巻回されるチェーン93、平準化スプロケット91の円盤部に、その中心から偏心した位置に固定されるクランク軸94、クランク軸94に回動自在に支持されるロッド95、ロッド95の他端に中心軸96が接続されるテンションスプロケット97を備える。テンションスプロケット97は、中心軸96に対して相対回転可能に支持されており、スプロケット82・84に巻回されるチェーン85に接触可能であり、チェーン85の回転に伴って回転する従動スプロケットである。
チェーン93からの駆動力を受けた平準化スプロケット91が回転することにより、クランク軸94が回転し、ロッド95を介してテンションスプロケット97の位置が変化する。このとき、テンションスプロケット97は、ガイド98によって直線的に移動してチェーン85のテンションを大きくする方向(張らせる方向)及び小さくする方向(緩ませる方向)に往復移動することで、チェーン85の駆動力を規則的に変更する。このようにして、チェーン85のチェーン駆動力を変更することで、植付アーム軸25に平準化トルクを付与することができる。
以上のように、植付チェーンケース80内にトルク平準化機構90を配置することで、装置構成を大型化することなく、防泥・防水性を確保しつつ、耐久性及びメンテナンス性を向上できる。
図17に示すように、平準化スプロケット91の円盤部に固定されるカム100と、カム100のカム面と当接し、往復動するタペット101と、タペット101とテンションスプロケット97の中心軸96とを接続するバネ102とを含む。カム100は、半円と半楕円により形成されるカム面を有し、カム100が一回転する際に、タペット101が一往復するように構成される。
また、平準化スプロケット91を駆動するスプロケット、つまり、平準化スプロケット91に巻回されるチェーン93は、植付アーム側のスプロケット84でも良い。
そして、スプロケット及びチェーンによるチェーン駆動式と同様に、プーリ及びベルトによるベルト駆動式を採用することもでき、ベルト駆動式の場合でも、チェーン駆動式と同様にトルク平準化機構を備えることができる。
Claims (7)
- ロータリケースを支持する植付アーム軸に不等速機構を介して動力を伝達する田植機であって、
前記不等速機構によって生じるトルク変動を打ち消すトルクを付与するトルク平準化機構を設け、
前記トルク平準化機構は、前記植付アーム軸に動力を伝達する植付縦軸の一部をクランク状に形成したクランク部と、該クランク部に取り付けられるバネとを有し、該バネによって前記トルクを付与することを特徴とする田植機。 - 前記植付アーム軸に動力を伝達する経路における前記トルク平準化機構よりも上流側に、該植付アーム軸への動力伝達を断接するユニットクラッチが設けられる請求項1に記載の田植機。
- 前記トルク平準化機構は、前記植付縦軸を収容する植付ベベルケースに設けられ、
前記植付ベベルケースは、前記トルク平準化機構を収容するハウジング部を有するとともに、
前記トルク平準化機構は、前記ハウジング部に組み付けられる請求項1又は2に記載の田植機。 - 前記ハウジング部は、前記植付ベベルケースと一体成形することにより当該植付ベベルケースと一体的に設けられる請求項3に記載の田植機。
- ロータリケースを支持する植付アーム軸に不等速機構を介して動力を伝達する田植機であって、
前記不等速機構によって生じるトルク変動を打ち消すトルクを付与するトルク平準化機構を設け、
前記トルク平準化機構は、前記植付アーム軸に動力を伝達する動力伝達経路内に設けられ、該植付アーム軸の回転数の二倍で回転する軸の一部をクランク状に形成したクランク部と、該クランク部に取り付けられるバネとを有し、該バネによって前記トルクを付与するとともに、前記バネは、該バネとは別部材であり、かつ、前記クランク部の外周に係止可能なフックを介して取り付けられることを特徴とする田植機。 - 前記フックは、前記クランク部の外周形状に応じて湾曲する曲面部と、該曲面部から前記バネ側に向けて延出され、かつ、前記バネの端部が挿通可能な係止部が端から順に複数形成される平面部とを有し、
前記バネは、前記フックの平面部に設けられる複数の係止部に順に挿入されることにより、該フックに固定される請求項5に記載の田植機。 - ロータリケースを支持する植付アーム軸に不等速機構を介して動力を伝達する田植機であって、
前記植付アーム軸は、植付チェーンケース内でチェーンを介して駆動され、
前記植付チェーンケース内に前記不等速機構によって生じるトルク変動を打ち消すトルクを付与するトルク平準化機構を設けるとともに、当該トルク平準化機構は、前記植付チェーンケース内のチェーンのテンションを変更することでチェーン駆動力を変えることを特徴とする田植機。
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JP3776044B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-29 | 2006-05-17 | 株式会社クボタ | 田植機 |
JP2009133399A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | タイミングチェーンドライブ装置 |
JP2012187044A (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-04 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
JP2012196199A (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-18 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
JP2012244952A (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-13 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
JP2013106597A (ja) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-06 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
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JPH0724972Y2 (ja) * | 1988-11-28 | 1995-06-07 | ヤンマー農機株式会社 | 植付部伝動装置 |
JP5511643B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-06 | 2014-06-04 | 株式会社椿本チエイン | チェーン張力付与機構 |
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- 2014-09-03 WO PCT/JP2014/073120 patent/WO2015033945A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP3776044B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-29 | 2006-05-17 | 株式会社クボタ | 田植機 |
JP2009133399A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | タイミングチェーンドライブ装置 |
JP2012187044A (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-04 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
JP2012196199A (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-18 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
JP2012244952A (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-13 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
JP2013106597A (ja) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-06 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 苗移植機 |
Also Published As
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KR101823639B1 (ko) | 2018-01-30 |
KR20160048985A (ko) | 2016-05-04 |
CN105491874A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
CN105491874B (zh) | 2017-10-24 |
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