WO2015020030A1 - 車両用空気調和装置 - Google Patents
車両用空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015020030A1 WO2015020030A1 PCT/JP2014/070575 JP2014070575W WO2015020030A1 WO 2015020030 A1 WO2015020030 A1 WO 2015020030A1 JP 2014070575 W JP2014070575 W JP 2014070575W WO 2015020030 A1 WO2015020030 A1 WO 2015020030A1
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- radiator
- refrigerant
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- compressor
- high pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3213—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency in a vehicle heat pump
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3208—Vehicle drive related control of the compressor drive means, e.g. for fuel saving purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
- B60H1/00764—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
- B60H1/008—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being air quality
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3239—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to flow
- B60H2001/3241—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to flow of air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3244—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to humidity
- B60H2001/3245—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to humidity of air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3248—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to pressure
- B60H2001/325—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to pressure of the refrigerant at a compressing unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3248—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to pressure
- B60H2001/3251—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to pressure of the refrigerant at a condensing unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
- B60H2001/3258—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the air at a condensing unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
- B60H2001/3261—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the air at an evaporating unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
- B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
- B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
- B60H2001/3285—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an expansion unit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump type vehicle air conditioner that air-conditions the interior of a vehicle, and more particularly to a vehicle air conditioner that can be applied to a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
- a compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant
- a radiator that is provided on the vehicle interior side to dissipate the refrigerant
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is provided with a refrigerant circuit comprising an endothermic device (evaporator) that absorbs heat from the refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger that is provided outside the vehicle cabin to dissipate or absorb heat.
- evaporator endothermic device
- Have been developed e.g., see Patent Document 1).
- an upper limit value for control is set for the rotation speed of the compressor (control upper limit value). That is, the rotational speed of the compressor cannot be set to exceed this control upper limit value.
- the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit has a control upper limit for protecting the compressor. If the refrigerant has a high degree of supercooling in the radiator and the high pressure exceeds the control upper limit, Control is performed to reduce the number of rotations and suppress high pressure.
- the present invention has been made to solve the conventional technical problem, and appropriately controls the refrigerant subcooling degree of the radiator that satisfies both the high pressure and the refrigerant flow rate during heating, thereby improving the heating capacity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that can be improved.
- the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention includes a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a radiator that radiates the refrigerant and heats the air supplied to the vehicle interior, and an outdoor heat that is provided outside the vehicle cabin and absorbs the refrigerant.
- An exchanger an expansion valve that depressurizes the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger, and a control means.
- the control means causes the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to radiate heat by the radiator, and the radiated refrigerant. After the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve, the vehicle interior is heated by absorbing heat with the outdoor heat exchanger, and the control means controls the supercooling degree of the refrigerant in the radiator by the expansion valve, and is based on the high pressure.
- the high-speed priority mode for increasing the target radiator subcooling degree in the direction in which the high-pressure pressure is set to a predetermined high value and the high-pressure pressure to a predetermined high value The target radiator's subcooling degree in the direction And having a rotational speed priority mode in which made.
- a vehicular air conditioning apparatus wherein the control means switches between the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode and executes the compressor while maintaining the high pressure at a predetermined high value.
- the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is changed so as to keep the number of rotations high.
- the control means increases the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator in a direction in which the high pressure priority mode is executed and the high pressure is set to a predetermined high value.
- the mode shifts to the rotation speed priority mode, and the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is lowered in a direction to set the rotation speed of the compressor to a predetermined high value. It is characterized by.
- the control means increases the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator in a direction in which the high pressure is set to the control upper limit value in the high pressure priority mode, and rotates. In the number priority mode, the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is lowered in a direction in which the rotation speed of the compressor is set to the control upper limit value.
- a vehicle air conditioner according to the above invention, wherein, in the high pressure priority mode, the control means is based on a deviation between a control upper limit value of the high pressure and the actual high pressure.
- the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is feedback corrected based on the deviation between the upper limit value of the compressor rotation speed and the actual rotation speed.
- an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle, wherein the control means includes efficiency priority control and capacity priority control.
- the target heat dissipation of the radiator is based on the amount of air passing through the radiator.
- the process shifts to the capacity priority control, and in this capacity priority control, the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode are executed.
- the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is corrected.
- a vehicle air conditioner includes an injection circuit that diverts a part of the refrigerant that has exited the radiator in the above invention and returns it to the compressor, and the control means exits the radiator by the injection circuit.
- the condition for shifting to the capacity priority control is changed depending on whether or not a part of the refrigerant is returned to the compressor.
- the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator so as to keep the compressor speed high while maintaining a high value, the refrigerant flow rate can be secured while maintaining the high pressure during heating. It becomes possible to improve the heating capacity.
- the high pressure priority mode is executed as in the third aspect of the invention to increase the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator in a direction in which the high pressure is set to a predetermined high value, and the high pressure is set to a predetermined high value.
- both the high pressure and the refrigerant flow rate are reduced by shifting to the rotation speed priority mode and reducing the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator in a direction in which the rotation speed of the compressor is set to a predetermined high value. It becomes possible to appropriately control the refrigerant supercooling degree of the radiator to be satisfied.
- the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is increased in the direction in which the high pressure is set to the control upper limit value, and in the rotation speed priority mode, the compressor rotation speed is increased to the control upper limit value. If the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is lowered in the direction of the value, the compressor is controlled while appropriately controlling the refrigerant subcooling degree of the radiator and suppressing the high-pressure pressure below the control upper limit value. The number of rotations can be increased, the refrigerant flow rate can be maintained, and the heating capacity can be improved.
- the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is feedback-corrected based on the deviation between the control upper limit value of the high pressure and the actual high pressure, and the rotation speed priority mode is set. Then, based on the deviation between the upper limit control value of the compressor speed and the actual speed, feedback correction of the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator makes stable correction of the refrigerant subcooling degree of the radiator constantly. It can be realized.
- the control means has efficiency priority control and capacity priority control, and in the efficiency priority control, the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator is determined based on the amount of air passing through the radiator.
- the system shifts to the capacity priority control.
- the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode are executed, and the target radiator overload of the radiator is exceeded. If the degree of cooling is corrected, the efficiency priority control is always executed, and the capacity priority control for executing the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode can be executed only when the heating capacity of the radiator is insufficient. .
- heating capacity can be improved while minimizing a decrease in operating efficiency, and therefore, in a vehicle that drives a compressor with electric power charged in a battery, such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. This is preferable.
- the control means removes a part of the refrigerant exiting the radiator by the injection circuit.
- radiator refrigerant that takes into account the improvement in heating capacity by increasing the amount of refrigerant discharged from the compressor by injection by changing the conditions for shifting to capacity priority control depending on whether it is returned to the compressor or not It is possible to correct the degree of supercooling.
- FIG. 2 is a Ph diagram during injection of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 1. It is a control block diagram at the time of heating of the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining determination of the target blowing temperature by the controller of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of a compressor rotation speed calculation unit in FIG. 4. It is a control block diagram regarding the target radiator subcooling degree determination by the controller of FIG. It is a figure explaining the determination method of the target radiator subcooling degree at the time of the efficiency priority control by the controller of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the vehicle of the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is an electric vehicle (EV) that does not have an engine (internal combustion engine), and travels by driving an electric motor for traveling with electric power charged in a battery.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present invention is also driven by battery power. That is, the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the embodiment performs heating by a heat pump operation using a refrigerant circuit in an electric vehicle that cannot be heated by engine waste heat, and further operates in each operation mode such as dehumidifying heating, cooling dehumidification, and cooling. Is selectively executed.
- the present invention is effective not only for electric vehicles but also for so-called hybrid vehicles that use an engine and an electric motor for traveling, and is also applicable to ordinary vehicles that run on an engine. Needless to say.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 performs air conditioning (heating, cooling, dehumidification, and ventilation) in a vehicle interior of an electric vehicle, and includes an electric compressor 2 that compresses refrigerant and vehicle interior air. Are provided in the air flow passage 3 of the HVAC unit 10 through which air is circulated, and a radiator 4 that radiates the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 into the passenger compartment, and an electric valve that decompresses and expands the refrigerant during heating.
- An outdoor expansion valve 6 that functions as a radiator during cooling, an outdoor heat exchanger 7 that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air so as to function as an evaporator during heating, and an electric valve that expands the refrigerant under reduced pressure.
- An indoor expansion valve 8, a heat absorber 9 provided in the air flow passage 3 to absorb heat from the outside of the vehicle interior during cooling and dehumidification, and an evaporation capacity control valve 11 for adjusting the evaporation capacity in the heat absorber 9; Accumulator 12 etc. are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe 13, the refrigerant circuit R is formed.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is provided with an outdoor fan 15 for exchanging heat between the outside air and the refrigerant.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 7 has a receiver dryer section 14 and a supercooling section 16 in order on the downstream side of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant pipe 13A exiting from the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is an electromagnetic valve (open / close valve) 17 that is opened during cooling.
- the outlet of the supercooling unit 16 is connected to the indoor expansion valve 8 via a check valve 18.
- the receiver dryer section 14 and the supercooling section 16 structurally constitute a part of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, and the check valve 18 has a forward direction on the indoor expansion valve 8 side.
- the refrigerant pipe 13B between the check valve 18 and the indoor expansion valve 8 is provided in a heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant pipe 13C exiting the evaporation capacity control valve 11 located on the outlet side of the heat absorber 9, and internal heat is generated by both.
- the exchanger 19 is configured.
- the refrigerant flowing into the indoor expansion valve 8 through the refrigerant pipe 13B is cooled (supercooled) by the low-temperature refrigerant that has exited the heat absorber 9 and passed through the evaporation capacity control valve 11.
- the refrigerant pipe 13A exiting from the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is branched, and this branched refrigerant pipe 13D is downstream of the internal heat exchanger 19 via an electromagnetic valve (open / close valve) 21 that is opened during heating.
- the refrigerant pipe 13C is connected in communication.
- the refrigerant pipe 13E on the outlet side of the radiator 4 is branched in front of the outdoor expansion valve 6, and this branched refrigerant pipe 13F is a check valve via an electromagnetic valve (open / close valve) 22 that is opened during dehumidification. 18 is connected to the refrigerant pipe 13B on the downstream side.
- a bypass pipe 13J is connected to the outdoor expansion valve 6 in parallel.
- the bypass pipe 13J is opened in a cooling mode, and is an electromagnetic valve (open / close valve) for bypassing the outdoor expansion valve 6 and flowing refrigerant. ) 20 is interposed.
- the refrigerant pipe 13E immediately after exiting the radiator 4 (before branching to the refrigerant pipes 13F and 13I) is branched, and the branched refrigerant pipe 13K is provided with an injection expansion valve 30 comprising an electric valve for injection control.
- the compressor 2 is in communication with the compressor 2 during compression.
- coolant piping 13K between the exit side of this injection expansion valve 30 and the compressor 2 is provided in the refrigerant
- the refrigerant circuit 13K, the injection expansion valve 30, and the discharge side heat exchanger 35 constitute an injection circuit 40.
- the injection circuit 40 is a circuit for diverting a part of the refrigerant from the radiator 4 and returning it to the middle of compression of the compressor 2 (gas injection).
- the injection expansion valve 30 is a refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant pipe 13K. After the pressure is reduced, it is caused to flow into the discharge side heat exchanger 35.
- the refrigerant flowing into the discharge side heat exchanger 35 is discharged from the compressor 2 to the refrigerant pipe 13G, exchanges heat with the refrigerant before flowing into the radiator 4, and absorbs heat from the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13G to evaporate. It is said that.
- Gas refrigerant to the compressor 2 is performed by evaporating the refrigerant diverted to the refrigerant pipe 13K in the discharge side heat exchanger 35.
- the air flow passage 3 on the air upstream side of the heat absorber 9 is formed with each of an outside air inlet and an inside air inlet (represented by the inlet 25 in FIG. 1). 25 is provided with a suction switching damper 26 for switching the air introduced into the air flow passage 3 between the inside air (inside air circulation mode) which is air inside the passenger compartment and the outside air (outside air introduction mode) which is outside the passenger compartment. Yes. Furthermore, an indoor blower (blower fan) 27 for supplying the introduced inside air or outside air to the air flow passage 3 is provided on the air downstream side of the suction switching damper 26.
- an indoor blower (blower fan) 27 for supplying the introduced inside air or outside air to the air flow passage 3 is provided on the air downstream side of the suction switching damper 26.
- an air mix damper 28 is provided in the air flow passage 3 on the air upstream side of the radiator 4 to adjust the degree of flow of inside air and outside air to the radiator 4. Further, in the air flow passage 3 on the downstream side of the radiator 4, foot, vent, and differential air outlets (represented by the air outlet 29 in FIG. 1) are formed. Is provided with a blower outlet switching damper 31 for switching and controlling the blowing of air from each of the blowout ports.
- reference numeral 32 in FIG. 2 denotes a controller (ECU) as a control means constituted by a microcomputer, and an input to the controller 32 is an outside air temperature sensor 33 for detecting the outside air temperature of the vehicle, and an outside air humidity is detected.
- ECU controller
- an input to the controller 32 is an outside air temperature sensor 33 for detecting the outside air temperature of the vehicle, and an outside air humidity is detected.
- An outside air humidity sensor 34 an HVAC suction temperature sensor 36 that detects the temperature of air sucked into the air flow passage 3 from the suction port 25, an inside air temperature sensor 37 that detects the temperature of the air (inside air) in the vehicle interior, and the vehicle interior
- the inside air humidity sensor 38 that detects the humidity of the air in the vehicle
- the indoor CO 2 concentration sensor 39 that detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the vehicle interior
- the blowout temperature sensor 41 that detects the temperature of the air blown from the blowout port 29 into the vehicle interior.
- a discharge pressure sensor 42 for detecting the discharge refrigerant pressure of the compressor 2 for detecting the discharge refrigerant pressure of the compressor 2, a discharge temperature sensor 43 for detecting the discharge refrigerant temperature of the compressor 2, and a compression
- An endothermic temperature sensor 48 for detecting the temperature of the endothermic device 9 (the temperature immediately after exiting the endothermic device 9, or the endothermic device 9 itself, or the temperature of air immediately after being cooled by the endothermic device 9);
- a heat absorber pressure sensor 49 for detecting the refrigerant pressure of the heat absorber 9 (the pressure of the refrigerant in the heat absorber 9 or immediately after leaving the heat absorber 9) and, for example, a photosensor for detecting the amount of solar radiation into the vehicle interior Type solar radiation sensor 51 and a vehicle speed sensor for detecting the moving speed (vehicle speed) of the vehicle Sensor 52, air-conditioning (air conditioner) operation unit 53 for setting the set temperature and operation mode, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (the temperature of the refrigerant immediately after coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, or the outdoor
- the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 54 for detecting the temperature of the heat exchanger 7 itself, and the refrigerant pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 (in the outdoor heat
- the input of the controller 32 further includes an injection pressure sensor 50 that detects the pressure of the injection refrigerant that flows into the refrigerant pipe 13K of the injection circuit 40 and returns to the middle of the compression of the compressor 2 via the discharge side heat exchanger 35;
- an injection temperature sensor 55 that detects the temperature of the injection refrigerant is also connected.
- the output of the controller 32 includes the compressor 2, the outdoor fan 15, the indoor fan (blower fan) 27, the suction switching damper 26, the air mix damper 28, the suction port switching damper 31, and the outdoor expansion.
- the valve 6, the indoor expansion valve 8, the electromagnetic valves 22, 17, 21, 20, the injection expansion valve 30, and the evaporation capacity control valve 11 are connected. And the controller 32 controls these based on the output of each sensor, and the setting input in the air-conditioning operation part 53.
- the controller 32 is roughly divided into a heating mode, a dehumidifying heating mode, an internal cycle mode, a dehumidifying cooling mode, and a cooling mode, and executes them.
- a heating mode a dehumidifying heating mode
- an internal cycle mode a dehumidifying cooling mode
- a cooling mode a cooling mode
- the controller 32 opens the solenoid valve 21, and the solenoid valve 17, the solenoid valve 22, and the solenoid valve. 20 is closed. Then, the compressor 2 and the blowers 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 sets the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 to the heat radiator 4. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4 after passing through the discharge-side heat exchanger 35.
- the air in the air flow passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow passage 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 heats the air. Deprived, cooled, and condensed into liquid.
- the refrigerant liquefied in the radiator 4 exits the radiator 4, a part of the refrigerant is diverted to the refrigerant pipe 13K of the injection circuit 40, and mainly reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 via the refrigerant pipe 13E.
- the functional operation of the injection circuit 40 will be described later.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor expansion valve 6 is decompressed there and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates, and pumps heat from the outside air that is ventilated by traveling or by the outdoor blower 15 (heat pump).
- the low-temperature refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the accumulator 12 from the refrigerant pipe 13C through the refrigerant pipe 13D and the electromagnetic valve 21, and after being gas-liquid separated there, the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2. repeat. Since the air heated by the radiator 4 is blown out from the air outlet 29, the vehicle interior is thereby heated.
- the controller 32 controls the number of revolutions of the compressor 2 based on the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47 (or the discharge pressure sensor 42) as will be described later in the embodiment.
- the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled on the basis of the passing air volume and a target blowing temperature described later, and the supercooling degree of the refrigerant at the outlet of the radiator 4 is controlled.
- the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 may be controlled based on the temperature of the radiator 4 or the outside air temperature instead of or in addition to them.
- the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 22 in the heating mode.
- a part of the condensed refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 13E via the radiator 4 is diverted to reach the indoor expansion valve 8 via the electromagnetic valve 22 and the refrigerant pipes 13F and 13B via the internal heat exchanger 19.
- the refrigerant After the refrigerant is depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Since the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorption action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled and dehumidified.
- the refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 merges with the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe 13D in the refrigerant pipe 13C through the evaporation capacity control valve 11 and the internal heat exchanger 19, and then repeats circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12. . Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidifying heating in the passenger compartment is thereby performed.
- the controller 32 controls the number of revolutions of the compressor 2 based on the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R detected by the discharge pressure sensor 42 or the radiator pressure sensor 47 and adjusts the temperature of the heat absorber 9 detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48. Based on this, the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled. In this dehumidifying and heating mode, gas injection by the injection circuit 40 is not performed, so the injection expansion valve 30 is fully closed (fully closed position).
- coolant piping 13F reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the internal heat exchanger 19 from the refrigerant
- the refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 flows through the refrigerant pipe 13C through the evaporation capacity control valve 11 and the internal heat exchanger 19, and repeats circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 12. Since the air dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated in the process of passing through the radiator 4, dehumidification heating is performed in the vehicle interior, but in this internal cycle mode, the air flow path on the indoor side 3, the refrigerant is circulated between the radiator 4 (heat radiation) and the heat absorber 9 (heat absorption), so that heat from the outside air is not pumped up, and the heating capacity for the power consumption of the compressor 2 Is demonstrated. Since the entire amount of the refrigerant flows through the heat absorber 9 that exhibits the dehumidifying action, the dehumidifying capacity is higher than that in the dehumidifying and heating mode, but the heating capacity is lowered.
- the controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R described above. At this time, the controller 32 controls the compressor 2 by selecting the lower one of the compressor target rotational speeds obtained from either calculation, depending on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 or the high pressure. Even in this internal cycle mode, gas injection by the injection circuit 40 is not performed, so the injection expansion valve 30 is fully closed (fully closed position).
- the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 17 and closes the electromagnetic valve 21, the electromagnetic valve 22, and the electromagnetic valve 20. Then, the compressor 2 and the blowers 15 and 27 are operated, and the air mix damper 28 sets the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 to the heat radiator 4. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4 through the discharge-side heat exchanger 35. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is passed through the radiator 4, the air in the air flow passage 3 is heated by the high-temperature refrigerant in the radiator 4, while the refrigerant in the radiator 4 heats the air. It is deprived and cooled, and condensates.
- the refrigerant that has exited the radiator 4 reaches the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipe 13E, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 through the outdoor expansion valve 6 that is controlled to open.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is cooled and condensed by running there or by the outside air ventilated by the outdoor blower 15.
- the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 sequentially flows from the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> A through the electromagnetic valve 17 into the receiver dryer unit 14 and the supercooling unit 16. Here, the refrigerant is supercooled.
- the refrigerant that has exited the supercooling section 16 of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> B through the check valve 18, and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the internal heat exchanger 19. After the refrigerant is depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Since the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorption action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled and dehumidified.
- the refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 passes through the evaporation capacity control valve 11 and the internal heat exchanger 19, reaches the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> C, and repeats circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> C.
- the air cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is reheated (having a lower heat dissipation capacity than that during heating) in the process of passing through the radiator 4, thereby dehumidifying and cooling the vehicle interior. .
- the controller 32 controls the number of revolutions of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48 and controls the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 based on the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R described above.
- the refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4 Radiator pressure PCI.
- the injection expansion valve 30 is fully closed (fully closed position).
- the controller 32 opens the electromagnetic valve 20 in the dehumidifying and cooling mode state (in this case, the outdoor expansion valve 6 is fully opened (the valve opening is controlled to an upper limit)).
- the air mix damper 28 is in a state in which no air is passed through the radiator 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the radiator 4 through the discharge-side heat exchanger 35. Since the air in the air flow passage 3 is not ventilated to the radiator 4, the air only passes therethrough, and the refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 reaches the electromagnetic valve 20 and the outdoor expansion valve 6 through the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> E.
- the refrigerant bypasses the outdoor expansion valve 6 and passes through the bypass pipe 13J, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 7 as it is, where it travels or is ventilated by the outdoor fan 15. It is air-cooled by the outside air and is condensed and liquefied.
- the refrigerant that has exited the outdoor heat exchanger 7 sequentially flows from the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> A through the electromagnetic valve 17 into the receiver dryer unit 14 and the supercooling unit 16. Here, the refrigerant is supercooled.
- the refrigerant that has exited the supercooling section 16 of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 enters the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> B through the check valve 18, and reaches the indoor expansion valve 8 through the internal heat exchanger 19. After the refrigerant is depressurized by the indoor expansion valve 8, it flows into the heat absorber 9 and evaporates. Since the moisture in the air blown out from the indoor blower 27 by the heat absorption action at this time condenses and adheres to the heat absorber 9, the air is cooled.
- the refrigerant evaporated in the heat absorber 9 passes through the evaporation capacity control valve 11 and the internal heat exchanger 19, reaches the accumulator 12 through the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> C, and repeats circulation sucked into the compressor 2 through the refrigerant pipe 13 ⁇ / b> C.
- the air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the heat absorber 9 is blown into the vehicle interior from the outlet 29 without passing through the radiator 4, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.
- the controller 32 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 2 based on the temperature of the heat absorber 9 detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48. In this cooling mode, since the gas injection by the injection circuit 40 is not performed, the injection expansion valve 30 is fully closed (fully closed position).
- the controller 32 selects the operation mode based on the outside air temperature Tam detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33 and the target outlet temperature TAO at the time of activation. Further, after the start-up, each of the operation modes is selected and switched according to changes in the environment such as the outside air temperature Tam and the target blowing temperature TAO and the set conditions. In this case, the controller 32 basically shifts from the heating mode to the dehumidifying heating mode, or from the dehumidifying heating mode to the heating mode, and from the dehumidifying heating mode to the dehumidifying cooling mode, or from the dehumidifying cooling mode to the dehumidifying heating mode.
- shifting to the transition is made via the internal cycle mode.
- the cooling mode is changed to the internal cycle mode, and the internal cycle mode is changed to the cooling mode.
- FIG. 3 shows a Ph diagram of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present invention in the heating mode.
- the refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 and entering the refrigerant pipe 13E, and then being diverted and flowing into the refrigerant pipe 13K of the injection circuit 40 is decompressed by the injection expansion valve 30, and then enters the discharge side heat exchanger 35 where it is compressed. It exchanges heat with the refrigerant discharged from the machine 2 (the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 and before flowing into the radiator 4), absorbs heat and evaporates.
- the evaporated gas refrigerant then returns to the middle of compression of the compressor 2 and is further compressed together with the refrigerant sucked and compressed from the accumulator 12, and then discharged from the compressor 2 to the refrigerant pipe 13G again.
- the line indicated by 13K is the refrigerant returned to the compressor 2 by the injection circuit 40.
- the controller 32 monitors the degree of superheat of the refrigerant toward the middle of compression of the compressor 2 from the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant after the discharge-side heat exchanger 35 detected by the injection pressure sensor 50 and the injection temperature sensor 55, respectively.
- the valve opening degree of the injection expansion valve 30 is controlled so that a predetermined degree of superheat is obtained by heat exchange with the discharged refrigerant.
- the discharge side heat exchanger 35 discharges from the compressor 2. Since the extremely high-temperature refrigerant before flowing into the radiator 4 and the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 40 are subjected to heat exchange, a large amount of heat exchange can be obtained. Therefore, even if the valve opening degree of the injection expansion valve 30 is increased to increase the injection amount, the refrigerant can be sufficiently evaporated in the discharge side heat exchanger 35, and a necessary degree of superheat can be obtained.
- the heating capacity can be improved.
- FIG. 4 shows a control block diagram of the compressor 2, the outdoor expansion valve 6, and the injection expansion valve 30 by the controller 32 in the heating mode.
- the controller 32 inputs the target blowing temperature TAO to the target radiator temperature calculation unit 57, the target radiator subcooling degree calculation unit 58, and the target injection refrigerant superheat degree calculation unit 59.
- This target blowing temperature TAO is a target value of the air temperature blown into the vehicle compartment from the blowout port 29, and is calculated by the controller 32 from the following formula (I).
- TAO (Tset ⁇ Tin) ⁇ K + Tbal (f (Tset, SUN, Tam)) (1)
- Tset is the set temperature in the passenger compartment set by the air conditioning operation unit 53
- Tin is the temperature of the passenger compartment air detected by the inside air temperature sensor 37
- K is a coefficient
- Tbal is the set temperature Tset
- this target blowing temperature TAO is so high that the outside temperature Tam is low, as shown in FIG. 5, and it falls as the outside temperature Tam rises.
- the target radiator temperature calculating unit 57 of the controller 32 calculates the target radiator temperature TCO from the target blowing temperature TAO. Next, based on the target radiator temperature TCO, the controller 32 uses the target radiator temperature calculating unit 61. Calculate the target radiator pressure PCO. Then, based on the target radiator pressure PCO and the pressure (radiator pressure) Pci of the radiator 4 which is the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit R detected by the radiator pressure sensor 47, the controller 32 calculates the compressor rotation speed calculation unit. At 62, the target compressor speed TGNCh of the compressor 2 in the heating mode is calculated, and the compressor 2 is operated at this target compressor speed TGNCh.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram of the compressor rotational speed calculation unit 62.
- the compressor rotation speed calculation unit 62 includes an F / F (feed forward) operation amount calculation unit 71, an F / B (feedback) operation amount calculation unit 72, an adder 73, and a limit setting unit 74.
- the target radiator temperature TCO calculated by the target radiator temperature calculator 57 in FIG. 4 is input to the target radiator pressure calculator 61 and the F / F manipulated variable calculator 71.
- the target radiator pressure calculating unit 61 calculates the target radiator pressure PCO as described above, and the calculated target radiator pressure PCO is calculated using the F / F manipulated variable calculating unit 71 and the F / F manipulated variable calculating unit 71 of the compressor rotation number calculating unit 62.
- / B is input to the operation amount calculation unit 72.
- TH is the temperature of the radiator 4 (heatsink temperature) obtained from the radiator temperature sensor 46
- Te is the temperature of the heat absorber 9 (heatsink temperature) obtained from the heat absorber temperature sensor 48.
- the air mix damper opening SW changes in the range of 0 ⁇ SW ⁇ 1, and when 0, the air mix is in a fully closed state where no air is ventilated to the radiator 4; 4 is in the fully open state of the air mix.
- the F / B operation amount calculation unit 72 calculates the F / B operation amount TGNChfb of the target compressor speed based on the target radiator pressure PCO and the radiator pressure Pci.
- the F / F manipulated variable TGNChff calculated by the F / F manipulated variable calculator 71 and the F / B manipulated variable TGNChfb calculated by the F / B manipulated variable calculator 72 are added by the adder 73, and the limit setting unit 74 After the limits of the control upper limit value (ECNpdLimHi) and the control lower limit value (ECNpdLimLo) are set, the target compressor speed TGNCh is determined.
- the controller 32 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 2 based on the target compressor rotational speed TGNCh.
- the target compressor speed TGNCh of the compressor 2 based on the target radiator pressure PCO (target value of high pressure). To decide.
- the controller 32 determines the superheat degree of the injection refrigerant returned from the injection circuit 40 during the compression of the compressor 2 based on the target blowout temperature TAO in the target injection refrigerant superheat degree calculation unit 59 of FIG. A target value (target injection refrigerant superheat degree TGSH) is calculated. On the other hand, the controller 32 is based on the pressure of the injection refrigerant detected by the injection pressure sensor 50 (injection refrigerant pressure Pinj) and the temperature of the injection refrigerant detected by the injection temperature sensor 55 (injection refrigerant temperature Tinj). At 66, the superheat degree INJSH of the injection refrigerant is calculated.
- the target injection expansion valve opening degree calculation unit 67 calculates the target valve opening degree of the injection expansion valve 30 (target injection expansion valve opening degree TGINJCV). . And the controller 32 controls the valve opening degree of the injection expansion valve 30 to this target injection expansion valve opening degree TGINJCV.
- the target injection refrigerant superheat degree calculation unit 59 lowers the target injection refrigerant superheat degree TGSH (with hysteresis), for example, as the target blowing temperature TAO increases. Reducing the target injection refrigerant superheat degree TGSH means increasing the valve opening of the injection expansion valve 30 to increase the injection amount. That is, the controller 32 increases the amount of injection returned to the compressor 2 by the injection expansion valve 30 and increases the amount of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 to increase the heating capacity as the target blowing temperature TAO increases.
- the controller 32 supplies a target heating capacity (required heating capacity) TGQ, which is the heating capacity of the radiator 4 required using the formulas (II), (III), and (IV), and refrigerant to the injection circuit 40.
- TGQ target heating capacity
- the refrigerant is flowing through the injection circuit 40, that is, when the gas injection is performed, that is, when the gas is not flowing, that is, when the gas is not injected, that is, the HP maximum heating capacity estimated value QmaxHP that can be generated by the radiator 4
- the maximum heating capacity estimated value QmaxINJ during INJ in which 4 can be generated is calculated.
- TGQ (TCO ⁇ Te) ⁇ Cpa ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Qair (II)
- QmaxHP f1 (Tam, Nc, BLV, VSP, Te)
- QmaxINJ f2 (Tam, Nc, BLV, VSP, Te)
- Te is the temperature of the heat absorber 9 detected by the heat absorber temperature sensor 48
- Cpa is the specific heat [kj / kg ⁇ K] of the air flowing into the radiator 4
- ⁇ is the density of the air flowing into the radiator 4 ( Specific volume) [kg / m 3 ]
- Qair is the air volume [m 3 / h] passing through the radiator 4 (the passing air volume Qair is estimated from the blower voltage BLV of the indoor blower 27)
- VSP is obtained from the vehicle speed sensor 52. The vehicle speed.
- the temperature of air flowing into the radiator 4 or the temperature of air flowing out of the radiator 4 may be adopted instead of or in addition to Qair.
- the rotational speed Nc of the compressor 2 in the formulas (III) and (IV) is an example of an index indicating the refrigerant flow rate
- the blower voltage BLV is an example of an index indicating the air volume in the air flow passage 3
- the estimated values QmaxHP and QmaxINJ are calculated from these functions. In addition, it is calculated from any one or a combination of these, the outlet refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4, the outlet refrigerant temperature of the radiator 4, the inlet refrigerant pressure of the radiator 4, and the inlet refrigerant temperature of the radiator 4. Also good.
- the controller 32 is set to control without injection when the target heating capacity TGQ is equal to or less than the HP maximum heating capacity estimation value QmaxHP. In this case, the controller 32 fully closes the injection expansion valve 30 (fully closed position) and does not allow the refrigerant to flow through the injection circuit 40.
- the control with injection is performed. Execute gas injection.
- the controller 32 opens the valve opening of the injection expansion valve 30 as a predetermined value, and performs gas injection to the compressor 2. That is, the controller 32 controls the valve opening of the injection expansion valve 30 to the target injection expansion valve opening TGINJCV as described above.
- the controller 32 calculates the target radiator subcool degree TGSC of the radiator 4 based on the target blowout temperature TAO in the target radiator subcool degree calculator 58.
- the target radiator subcool degree computing unit 58 will be described in detail later.
- the controller 32 uses the radiator supercooling degree calculation unit 63 based on the radiator pressure Pci and the temperature of the radiator 4 (the radiator temperature Tci) detected by the radiator temperature sensor 46 to exceed the amount of refrigerant in the radiator 4.
- the cooling degree (radiator supercooling degree SC) is calculated.
- the target outdoor expansion valve opening calculator 64 calculates the target valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 (target outdoor expansion valve opening degree TGECCV). calculate. And the controller 32 controls the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 to this target outdoor expansion valve opening degree TGECCV.
- the target radiator subcool degree calculator 58 includes an SC target basic value calculator 76, a target radiator subcool degree correction value calculator 77, a correction enable / disable switching unit 78, and an adder 79.
- the controller 32 has two control states of efficiency priority control and capacity priority control, and the switching is switched depending on whether the capacity priority flag fPRIability is “1” (set) or “0” (reset). .
- the adder 79 adds the target radiator subcooling degree basic value TGSCbase calculated by the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 as described later and the target radiator subcooling degree correction value TGSChos from the correction enable / disable switching unit 78.
- the target radiator subcool degree correction value calculation unit 77 calculates a target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos and “0”, which are calculated by the target radiator subcool degree correction value calculation unit 77, and the above-described capability priority flag fPRIability is input to the correction possibility switching unit 78.
- “1” (set) the target radiator subcooling degree correction value TGSChos calculated by the target radiator subcooling degree correction value calculation unit 77 is output from the correction enable / disable switching unit 78 to the adder 79, and the capability priority flag is set.
- fPRIability is “0” (reset)
- “0” normal control without correction
- the target radiator subcooling degree correction value calculation is performed on the target radiator subcooling degree basic value TGSCbase calculated by the SC target basic value calculation unit 76.
- the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 calculates the target radiator subcooling basic value TGSCbase aiming at the point at which this COP is maximized in order to give priority to the operation efficiency. This is shown in FIG.
- the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 performs the target heat dissipation at all target blowing temperatures TAO regardless of whether the outside air temperature Tam is 0 ° C. (L1) or ⁇ 10 ° C. (L2).
- the supercooling degree basic value TGSCbase is set to 10 (deg). In addition, 0 degrees C or less shall be 10 deg.
- the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 is set to all 30 (deg) to 30 ° C. regardless of whether the outside air temperature Tam is 0 ° C. (L3) or ⁇ 10 ° C. (L4).
- the target radiator supercooling degree basic value TGSCbase is set to 25 (deg) at a target blowout temperature TAO of 80 (deg), but gradually 30 (deg) in a heat-up region where the target blowout temperature TAO is higher than 80 (deg). Raise to. Note that -10 ° C or lower is the same as -10 ° C.
- the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 sets the target radiator subcooling basic value TGSCbase to 16.8 (deg. L5) at all target blowing temperatures TAO.
- the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 calculates the target radiator subcooling basic value TGSCbase aiming at the maximum efficiency based on the passing air amount Qair of the radiator 4.
- the calculated target radiator subcooling basic value TGSCbase becomes the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC, and this target heat dissipation
- the target outdoor expansion valve opening TGECCV of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is calculated as described above.
- the valve opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is controlled to the calculated target outdoor expansion valve opening degree TGECCV.
- TGQ> QmaxHP for example, 4 kW
- Tam ⁇ A1 eg -10 ° C
- the state of (TCO ⁇ TH) ⁇ ⁇ T1 has elapsed for a predetermined time or more.
- TGNCmax is the target compressor rotational speed upper limit value, ECNpdLimHi described above, and the control upper limit value of the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2 is there.
- the controller 32 sets the capability priority flag fPRIability to “1” on condition that the outside air temperature Tam is low and the radiator temperature TH is continuously lower than the target radiator temperature TCO by a predetermined value or more. , Shift to ability priority control.
- the heating capacity by the radiator 4 is different as described above, and the INJ maximum heating capacity estimation value QmaxINJ is also larger than the HP maximum heating capacity estimation value QmaxHP, so the transition condition is also changed, The outside air temperature Tam is established at a lower value.
- the capacity priority flag fPRIability may be set unconditionally.
- the condition for resetting the capability priority flag fPRIability to “0” is as follows. That is, in the case of non-injection control, all of the following conditions (capability priority cancellation conditions) are satisfied, and when a predetermined time elapses, the capability priority flag fPRIability is reset to “0”, the capability priority control is canceled, and priority is given to efficiency. Transition to control. That is, TGQ ⁇ QmaxHP (for example, 4 kW) -0.5 kW (TCO-TH) ⁇ T2 (for example, 2 deg) ⁇ TGSChos ⁇ SC (eg 3deg)
- control with injection is as follows.
- TGQ ⁇ QmaxINJ for example, 5 kW
- TCO-TH 0.5 kW
- T2 for example, 2 deg
- TGSChos ⁇ SC eg 3deg
- the controller 32 resets the capability priority flag fPRIability to “0” and continues the capability priority control on the condition that the difference between the values is reduced to less than the predetermined value and the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos continues to decrease. Cancel and return to efficiency priority control.
- the target radiator supercooling degree correction value calculation unit 77 includes a target compressor rotational speed upper limit value TGNCmax (control upper limit value of the rotational speed of the compressor 2), a rotational speed NC of the compressor 2, and a target radiator pressure PCO ( High pressure target value) and radiator pressure Pci are input.
- FIG. 9 shows a control block diagram of the target radiator supercooling degree correction value calculation unit 77.
- the controller 32 has a high pressure priority mode and a rotation speed priority mode, and switches between these two modes.
- the execution block in the number priority mode, the subtractor 84, the dead zone processing unit 86, and the amplifier 87 constitute an execution block in the high voltage priority mode.
- the outputs of the amplifiers 83 and 87 are input to the priority mode switching unit 88, which are switched by the set “1” and reset “0” of the priority mode flag fTGSCNCfb and output to the adder 91.
- the previous value is added to the adder 91, and the limit setting unit 89 creates a limit of the control upper limit value (TGSChosHi) and the control lower limit value (TGSChosLo), and then determines the target radiator subcooling correction value TGSChos.
- TGSChosHi control upper limit value
- TGSChosLo control lower limit value
- the target compressor rotation speed upper limit value TGNCmax (control upper limit value of the rotation speed of the compressor 2) is minus ( ⁇ ), the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 is plus (+), and the subtractor 81
- the deviation e is amplified by the amplifier 83 via the dead zone processing unit 82 (for example, the dead zone is 100 rpm) and is input to the priority mode switching unit 88. That is, the target compressor rotational speed upper limit value TGNCmax is feedback (I minutes) controlled with respect to the rotational speed NC.
- the output value of the amplifier 83 decreases the supercooling degree SC of the radiator 2 in the direction of increasing the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2, and finally sets the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2 to the target compressor rotational speed upper limit value (control upper limit value).
- Value) TGNCmax is the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos.
- the radiator pressure Pci is minus ( ⁇ ) and the target radiator pressure PCO (target value of the high pressure) is plus (+) and is input to the subtractor 84, and the deviation e is the dead band processing unit 86.
- the amplifier 87 After passing through (for example, 0.05 MPa is a dead zone), it is amplified by the amplifier 87 and input to the priority mode switching unit 88. That is, the radiator pressure Pci is feedback (I) controlled with respect to the target radiator pressure PCO.
- the output value of the amplifier 87 increases the radiator subcool degree SC in the direction of increasing the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure), and finally sets the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure) to the control upper limit of the target radiator pressure PCO.
- the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos is set to the value PCOmax.
- the target radiator subcooling is based on the deviation e between the control upper limit value PCOmax of the target radiator pressure PCO (target value of the high pressure) and the actual radiator pressure (high pressure) Pci.
- the degree correction value TGSChos is calculated, and the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC is feedback-corrected.
- the controller 32 reads each data (temperature data, pressure data) in step S1 of FIG. 10, and determines whether the current mode is the heating mode in step S2. In the heating mode, the controller 32 proceeds from step S2 to step S3, and the SC target basic value calculation unit 76 calculates the target radiator subcooling degree basic value TGSCbase as described above.
- step S6 If all the conditions are not satisfied in step S6, it is determined that there is no request for capability priority control, the capability priority flag fPRIability is reset to “0”, and the process proceeds to step S9, where the target radiator subcool degree correction value is set.
- TGSChos 0. In this case, the efficiency priority control is performed, and the target radiator subcool degree basic value TGSCbase becomes the target radiator subcool degree TGSC.
- the controller 32 sets the priority mode switching flag fTGSCNCfb to “0” and sets the high pressure priority mode.
- the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos is a value that increases the target radiator subcool degree TGSC as described above, and therefore the radiator subcool degree SC increases as shown in FIG.
- the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure) increases to the control upper limit value PCOmax.
- the controller 32 sets the priority mode switching flag fTGSCNCfb to “1”, so that the mode shifts to the rotation speed priority mode.
- the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos is a value that lowers the target radiator subcool degree TGSC as described above, so the radiator subcool degree SC decreases as shown in FIG. Go.
- the controller 32 increases the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2 and increases it to the control upper limit value TGNCmax of the target compressor rotational speed TGNC. Thereby, a refrigerant
- the controller 32 resets the priority mode switching flag fTGSCNCfb to “0” again, so that the priority mode returns to the high pressure priority mode again.
- FIG. 12 shows another example of correction control of the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC of the radiator 4.
- the controller 32 determines the target radiator subcooling correction value TGSChos between the correction upper limit value HOSHi (for example, 15 deg) and the correction lower limit value HOSLo (0 deg) based on the data table in which a hysteresis of about 0.4 MPa is set. To do.
- the controller 32 first executes the high pressure priority mode in which the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure) is increased with the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos as the correction upper limit value HOSHi according to the table of FIG. Then, when the radiator pressure Pci (high pressure) approaches the control upper limit value PCOmax of the target radiator pressure PCO, the target radiator subcool degree correction value TGSChos is gradually lowered from the correction upper limit value HOHi to the correction lower limit value HOSLo. Run number priority mode. Conversely, when the radiator pressure Pci decreases from the control upper limit value PCOmax and moves away, it gradually increases again to the correction upper limit value HOSHi in the high pressure priority mode.
- the controller 32 sets the target heat dissipation of the radiator 4 in such a direction that the high pressure (radiator pressure Pci) is a predetermined high value (in the embodiment, the control upper limit value PCOmax of the target radiator pressure PCO).
- the high-pressure priority mode in which the degree of subcooling TGSC is increased, and the radiator 4 in a direction in which the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2 is set to a predetermined high value (in the embodiment, the target compressor rotational speed upper limit value TGNCmax).
- a rotation speed priority mode for reducing the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC and by switching between the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode, the high pressure (heat radiator pressure Pci) is increased to a predetermined high value.
- the target radiator pressure PCO While maintaining the target radiator pressure PCO at the control upper limit value PCOmax, the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC of the radiator 4 is set so as to keep the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2 high.
- the high-pressure priority mode is executed to set the high-pressure pressure (radiator pressure Pci) to a predetermined high value (control upper limit value PCOmax of the target radiator pressure PCO), and the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC of the radiator 4
- the mode shifts to the rotation speed priority mode and the rotation speed NC of the compressor 2 is increased to a predetermined high value (control upper limit value PCOmax)
- the radiator subcooling degree SC that satisfies both the high pressure and the refrigerant flow rate is appropriately controlled. Will be able to.
- the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC of the radiator 4 is increased in the direction in which the high pressure (radiator pressure Pci) is set to the control upper limit value PCOmax, and in the rotation speed priority mode, the rotation speed of the compressor 2 is increased. Since the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC of the radiator 4 is lowered in a direction in which NC is set to the target compressor rotation speed upper limit value TGNCmax (control upper limit value), the radiator subcooling degree SC is appropriately controlled to increase the high pressure pressure. Can be kept below the control upper limit value PCOmax, and the rotational speed NC of the compressor 2 can be increased to maintain the refrigerant flow rate, thereby improving the heating capacity.
- the target radiator subcooling of the radiator 4 is based on the deviation e between the control upper limit value PCOmax of the high pressure (heat radiator pressure Pci) and the actual high pressure (heat radiator pressure Pci).
- TGSC is feedback-corrected
- the radiator 4 is based on the deviation e between the target compressor speed upper limit value (control upper limit value) TGNCmax and the actual speed NC of the speed NC of the compressor 2. Since the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC is feedback-corrected, it is possible to always achieve a stable correction of the refrigerant subcooling degree SC of the radiator 4.
- the controller 32 has efficiency priority control and capacity priority control.
- the target radiator subcooling degree TGSC of the radiator 4 is determined on the basis of the passing air volume of the radiator 4, and the radiator.
- the process shifts to the capacity priority control.
- the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode are executed, and the target radiator subcooling degree of the radiator 4 Since the TGSC is corrected, the efficiency priority control is always executed, and the capacity priority control for executing the high pressure priority mode and the rotation speed priority mode can be executed only when the heating capacity of the radiator 4 is insufficient. .
- the heating capacity can be improved while minimizing the decrease in the operating efficiency COP. Therefore, the electric power charged in the battery such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle Thus, the present invention is extremely suitable for a vehicle that drives the compressor 2.
- the controller 32 changes the capacity priority requirement condition for shifting to the capacity priority control depending on whether or not a part of the refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 is returned to the compressor 2 by the injection circuit 40, so that the gas injection is performed.
- the controller 32 changes the capacity priority requirement condition for shifting to the capacity priority control depending on whether or not a part of the refrigerant exiting the radiator 4 is returned to the compressor 2 by the injection circuit 40, so that the gas injection is performed.
- the present invention is applied to the vehicle air conditioner 1 that switches between the heating mode, the dehumidifying and heating mode, the dehumidifying and cooling mode, and the cooling mode.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and only the heating mode is performed. In addition, the present invention is effective.
- the predetermined high value in the high pressure priority mode may not be the control upper limit value PCOmax of the target radiator pressure PCO but may be a predetermined high value lower than that, and the predetermined high value in the rotation speed priority mode may also be the target compressor rotation It may be a predetermined high value lower than the control upper limit value TGNCmax of several TGNC.
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Abstract
Description
コントローラ32により或いは空調操作部53へのマニュアル操作により暖房モードが選択されると、コントローラ32は電磁弁21を開放し、電磁弁17、電磁弁22及び電磁弁20を閉じる。そして、圧縮機2、及び、各送風機15、27を運転し、エアミックスダンパ28は室内送風機27から吹き出された空気が放熱器4に通風される状態とする。これにより、圧縮機2から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は吐出側熱交換器35を経た後、放熱器4に流入する。放熱器4には空気流通路3内の空気が通風されるので、空気流通路3内の空気は放熱器4内の高温冷媒により加熱され、一方、放熱器4内の冷媒は空気に熱を奪われて冷却され、凝縮液化する。
次に、除湿暖房モードでは、コントローラ32は上記暖房モードの状態において電磁弁22を開放する。これにより、放熱器4を経て冷媒配管13Eを流れる凝縮冷媒の一部が分流され、電磁弁22を経て冷媒配管13F及び13Bより内部熱交換器19を経て室内膨張弁8に至るようになる。室内膨張弁8にて冷媒は減圧された後、吸熱器9に流入して蒸発する。このときの吸熱作用で室内送風機27から吹き出された空気中の水分が吸熱器9に凝結して付着するので、空気は冷却され、且つ、除湿される。
次に、内部サイクルモードでは、コントローラ32は上記除湿暖房モードの状態において室外膨張弁6を全閉とする(全閉位置)と共に、電磁弁21も閉じる。この室外膨張弁6と電磁弁21が閉じられることにより、室外熱交換器7への冷媒の流入、及び、室外熱交換器7からの冷媒の流出は阻止されることになるので、放熱器4を経て冷媒配管13Eを流れる凝縮冷媒は電磁弁22を経て冷媒配管13Fに全て流れるようになる。そして、冷媒配管13Fを流れる冷媒は冷媒配管13Bより内部熱交換器19を経て室内膨張弁8に至る。室内膨張弁8にて冷媒は減圧された後、吸熱器9に流入して蒸発する。このときの吸熱作用で室内送風機27から吹き出された空気中の水分が吸熱器9に凝結して付着するので、空気は冷却され、且つ、除湿される。
次に、除湿冷房モードでは、コントローラ32は電磁弁17を開放し、電磁弁21、電磁弁22、及び、電磁弁20を閉じる。そして、圧縮機2、及び、各送風機15、27を運転し、エアミックスダンパ28は室内送風機27から吹き出された空気が放熱器4に通風される状態とする。これにより、圧縮機2から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は吐出側熱交換器35を経て放熱器4に流入する。放熱器4には空気流通路3内の空気が通風されるので、空気流通路3内の空気は放熱器4内の高温冷媒により加熱され、一方、放熱器4内の冷媒は空気に熱を奪われて冷却され、凝縮液化していく。
次に、冷房モードでは、コントローラ32は上記除湿冷房モードの状態において電磁弁20を開き(この場合、室外膨張弁6は全開(弁開度を制御上限)を含む何れの弁開度でもよい)、エアミックスダンパ28は放熱器4に空気が通風されない状態とする。これにより、圧縮機2から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は吐出側熱交換器35を経て放熱器4に流入する。放熱器4には空気流通路3内の空気は通風されないので、ここは通過するのみとなり、放熱器4を出た冷媒は冷媒配管13Eを経て電磁弁20及び室外膨張弁6に至る。
コントローラ32は起動時には外気温度センサ33が検出する外気温度Tamと目標吹出温度TAOとに基づいて運転モードを選択する。また、起動後は外気温度Tamや目標吹出温度TAO等の環境や設定条件の変化に応じて前記各運転モードを選択し、切り換えていく。この場合、コントローラ32は基本的には暖房モードから除湿暖房モードへ、或いは、除湿暖房モードから暖房モードへと移行し、除湿暖房モードから除湿冷房モードへ、或いは、除湿冷房モードから除湿暖房モードへと移行し、除湿冷房モードから冷房モードへ、或いは、冷房モードから除湿冷房モードへと移行するものであるが、除湿暖房モードから除湿冷房モードへ移行する際、及び、除湿冷房モードから除湿暖房モードへ移行する際には、前記内部サイクルモードを経由して移行する。また、冷房モードから内部サイクルモードへ、内部サイクルモードから冷房モードへ移行する場合もある。
次に、前記暖房モードにおけるガスインジェクションについて説明する。図3は暖房モードにおける本発明の車両用空気調和装置1のP-h線図を示している。放熱器4を出て冷媒配管13Eに入り、その後分流されてインジェクション回路40の冷媒配管13Kに流入した冷媒は、インジェクション膨張弁30で減圧された後、吐出側熱交換器35に入り、そこで圧縮機2の吐出冷媒(圧縮機2から吐出されて放熱器4に流入する前の冷媒)と熱交換し、吸熱して蒸発する。蒸発したガス冷媒はその後圧縮機2の圧縮途中に戻り、アキュムレータ12から吸い込まれて圧縮されている冷媒と共に更に圧縮された後、再度圧縮機2から冷媒配管13Gに吐出されることになる。
図4は前記暖房モードにおけるコントローラ32による圧縮機2と室外膨張弁6とインジェクション膨張弁30の制御ブロック図を示す。コントローラ32は目標吹出温度TAOを目標放熱器温度演算部57と目標放熱器過冷却度演算部58と目標インジェクション冷媒過熱度演算部59に入力させる。この目標吹出温度TAOは、吹出口29から車室内に吹き出される空気温度の目標値であり、下記式(I)からコントローラ32が算出する。
ここで、Tsetは空調操作部53で設定された車室内の設定温度、Tinは内気温度センサ37が検出する車室内空気の温度、Kは係数、Tbalは設定温度Tsetや、日射センサ51が検出する日射量SUN、外気温度センサ33が検出する外気温度Tamから算出されるバランス値である。そして、一般的に、この目標吹出温度TAOは図5に示すように外気温度Tamが低い程高く、外気温度Tamが上昇するに伴って低下する。
また、コントローラ32は図4の目標インジェクション冷媒過熱度演算部59にて目標吹出温度TAOに基づき、インジェクション回路40から圧縮機2の圧縮途中に戻されるインジェクション冷媒の過熱度の目標値(目標インジェクション冷媒過熱度TGSH)を算出する。一方、コントローラ32は、インジェクション圧力センサ50が検出するインジェクション冷媒の圧力(インジェクション冷媒圧力Pinj)とインジェクション温度センサ55が検出するインジェクション冷媒の温度(インジェクション冷媒温度Tinj)に基づき、インジェクション冷媒過熱度演算部66にてインジェクション冷媒の過熱度INJSHを算出する。
QmaxHP=f1(Tam、Nc、BLV、VSP、Te) ・・(III)
QmaxINJ=f2(Tam、Nc、BLV、VSP、Te) ・・(IV)
ここで、Teは吸熱器温度センサ48が検出する吸熱器9の温度、Cpaは放熱器4に流入する空気の比熱[kj/kg・K]、ρは放熱器4に流入する空気の密度(比体積)[kg/m3]、Qairは放熱器4を通過する風量[m3/h](通過風量Qairは室内送風機27のブロワ電圧BLV等から推定)、VSPは車速センサ52から得られる車速である。
更に、コントローラ32は目標放熱器過冷却度演算部58にて目標吹出温度TAOに基づき、放熱器4の目標放熱器過冷却度TGSCを算出する。この目標放熱器過冷却度演算部58については後に詳述する。一方、コントローラ32は、放熱器圧力Pciと放熱器温度センサ46が検出する放熱器4の温度(放熱器温度Tci)に基づき、放熱器過冷却度演算部63にて放熱器4における冷媒の過冷却度(放熱器過冷却度SC)を算出する。そして、この放熱器過冷却度SCと目標放熱器過冷却度TGSCに基づき、目標室外膨張弁開度演算部64にて室外膨張弁6の目標弁開度(目標室外膨張弁開度TGECCV)を算出する。そして、コントローラ32はこの目標室外膨張弁開度TGECCVに室外膨張弁6の弁開度を制御する。
前記コントローラ32は、通常(能力優先フラグfPRIability=「0」)は効率優先制御を実行している。即ち、SC目標基本値演算部76は、外気温度センサ33から得られる外気温度Tamと、室内送風機27のブロワ電圧BLVと、SW=(TAO-Te)/(TH-Te)で得られるエアミックスダンパ28のエアミックスダンパ開度SWに基づいて目標放熱器過冷却度基本値TGSCbaseを算出する。このとき、放熱器4の通過風量Qair[m3/h]を前述同様に室内送風機27のブロワ電圧BLV等から推定する。
次に、前述した能力優先制御について説明する。前述した如くコントローラ32は通常効率優先制御を実行しているものであるが、能力優先フラグfPRIabilityが「1」(セット)されたことで能力優先制御に移行する。
次に、効率優先制御と能力優先制御の切り換えについて説明する。先ず、前述したインジェクション回路40によるインジェクション無し制御の場合は以下の全ての条件(能力優先要求条件)が成立したときに、能力優先フラグfPRIability=「1」(セット)とし、能力優先制御に移行する。即ち、
・TGQ>QmaxHP(例えば4kW)
・(TGNCmax-NC)≧ΔN1(例えば100rpm)
・Tam<A1(例えば-10℃)
・(TCO-TH)≧ΔT1(例えば5deg)の状態が所定時間以上経過
尚、TGNCmaxは目標圧縮機回転数上限値で、前述したECNpdLimHiであり、圧縮機2の回転数NCの制御上限値である。
・TGQ>QmaxINJ(例えば5kW)
・(TGNCmax-NC)≧ΔN2(例えば100rpm)
・Tam<A2(例えば-15℃)
・(TCO-TH)≧ΔT1(例えば5deg)の状態が所定時間以上経過
・TGQ<QmaxHP(例えば4kW)-0.5kW
・(TCO-TH)<ΔT2(例えば2deg)
・TGSChos<SC(例えば3deg)
・TGQ<QmaxINJ(例えば5kW)-0.5kW
・(TCO-TH)<ΔT2(例えば2deg)
・TGSChos<SC(例えば3deg)
次に、目標放熱器過冷却度補正値演算部77における目標放熱器過冷却度補正値TGSChosの演算について説明する。目標放熱器過冷却度補正値演算部77には目標圧縮機回転数上限値TGNCmax(圧縮機2の回転数の制御上限値)と、圧縮機2の回転数NCと、目標放熱器圧力PCO(高圧圧力の目標値)と、放熱器圧力Pciが入力される。
上述の如き高圧優先モードと回転数優先モードは、優先モードフラグfTGSCNCfbのセット「1」、リセット「0」によってこれらが切り換えられる。コントローラ32は、放熱器圧力Pciが制御上限値PCOmaxとなるまでは優先モードフラグfTGSCNCfbをリセット「0」の状態とし、PCOmaxとなった時点でセット「1」する。その後、放熱器圧力Pciが所定のヒステリシス分(例えば0.1MPa等)低下した場合に、優先モードフラグfTGSCNCfbをリセット「0」する。
以上の効率優先制御と能力優先制御の切換、及び、優先モードの切換の実際を図10及び図11に基づいて説明する。コントローラ32は図10のステップS1で各データ(温度データ、圧力データ)を読み込み、ステップS2で現在が暖房モードであるか判断する。暖房モードである場合、コントローラ32はステップS2からステップS3に進み、SC目標基本値演算部76により前述したように目標放熱器過冷却度基本値TGSCbaseを演算する。次に、ステップS4で目標暖房能力(要求暖房能力)TGQと、HP最大暖房能力推定値QmaxHP、INJ時最大暖房能力推定値QmaxINJを演算し、ステップS5で能力優先フラグfPRIability=「1」(セット)とする全条件が成立しているか否か判定する。
次に、図12は放熱器4の目標放熱器過冷却度TGSCの補正制御の他の例を示している。この場合、コントローラ32はヒステリシス0.4MPa程度が設定されたデータテーブルに基づいて補正上限値HOSHi(例えば15deg)と補正下限値HOSLo(0deg)の間で目標放熱器過冷却度補正値TGSChosを決定する。
2 圧縮機
3 空気流通路
4 放熱器
6 室外膨張弁
7 室外熱交換器
8 室内膨張弁
9 吸熱器
11 蒸発能力制御弁
17、20、21、22 電磁弁
26 吸込切換ダンパ
27 室内送風機(ブロワファン)
28 エアミックスダンパ
32 コントローラ(制御手段)
30、70 膨張弁
40 インジェクション回路
35 吐出側熱交換器
R 冷媒回路
Claims (7)
- 冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
冷媒を放熱させて車室内に供給する空気を加熱するための放熱器と、
前記車室外に設けられて冷媒を吸熱させる室外熱交換器と、
該室外熱交換器に流入する冷媒を減圧させる膨張弁と、
制御手段とを備え、
該制御手段により、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒を前記放熱器にて放熱させ、放熱した当該冷媒を前記膨張弁で減圧した後、前記室外熱交換器にて吸熱させて前記車室内を暖房する車両用空気調和装置において、
前記制御手段は、前記膨張弁により前記放熱器における冷媒の過冷却度を制御し、高圧圧力に基づいて前記圧縮機の回転数を制御すると共に、
前記高圧圧力を所定の高い値とする方向で前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を高くする高圧優先モードと、
前記圧縮機の回転数を所定の高い値とする方向で前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を低下させる回転数優先モードとを有することを特徴とする車両用空気調和装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記高圧優先モードと回転数優先モードを切り換えて実行することにより、前記高圧圧力を前記所定の高い値に維持しながら、前記圧縮機の回転数を高く維持するよう前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を変更することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空気調和装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記高圧優先モードを実行して前記高圧圧力を前記所定の高い値とする方向で前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を高くすると共に、前記高圧圧力が前記所定の高い値となった場合に、前記回転数優先モードに移行し、前記圧縮機の回転数を前記所定の高い値とする方向で前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を低下させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空気調和装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記高圧優先モードでは前記高圧圧力を制御上限値とする方向で前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を高くすると共に、前記回転数優先モードでは前記圧縮機の回転数を制御上限値とする方向で前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を低下させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のうちの何れかに記載の車両用空気調和装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記高圧優先モードでは前記高圧圧力の制御上限値と実際の高圧圧力との偏差に基づき、前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度をフィードバック補正すると共に、前記回転数優先モードでは前記圧縮機の回転数の制御上限値と実際の回転数との偏差に基づき、前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度をフィードバック補正することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の車両用空気調和装置。
- 前記制御手段は、効率優先制御と能力優先制御とを有し、
前記効率優先制御では前記放熱器の通過風量に基づいて前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を決定すると共に、
前記放熱器による暖房能力が不足している条件が成立した場合に前記能力優先制御に移行し、該能力優先制御において、前記高圧優先モードと回転数優先モードを実行し、前記放熱器の目標放熱器過冷却度を補正することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のうちの何れかに記載の車両用空気調和装置。 - 前記放熱器を出た冷媒の一部を分流して前記圧縮機に戻すインジェクション回路を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記インジェクション回路により前記放熱器を出た冷媒の一部を前記
圧縮機に戻す場合と戻さない場合とで、前記能力優先制御に移行する条件を変更することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の車両用空気調和装置。
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