WO2014206352A1 - 电解液及电池 - Google Patents

电解液及电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014206352A1
WO2014206352A1 PCT/CN2014/081029 CN2014081029W WO2014206352A1 WO 2014206352 A1 WO2014206352 A1 WO 2014206352A1 CN 2014081029 W CN2014081029 W CN 2014081029W WO 2014206352 A1 WO2014206352 A1 WO 2014206352A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
positive electrode
electrode
electrolyte
current collector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/081029
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈璞
刘洋
颜竞
Original Assignee
苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201310293434.0A external-priority patent/CN104282910A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201310346594.7A external-priority patent/CN104253283A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201310713128.8A external-priority patent/CN104733788B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201310717178.3A external-priority patent/CN104282952B/zh
Application filed by 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 filed Critical 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority to EP18207997.0A priority Critical patent/EP3486992B1/en
Priority to EP14816857.8A priority patent/EP3016199B1/en
Priority to EP20191208.6A priority patent/EP3758126A1/en
Publication of WO2014206352A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014206352A1/zh
Priority to US14/980,257 priority patent/US9812738B2/en
Priority to US15/783,460 priority patent/US10418666B2/en
Priority to US16/534,555 priority patent/US10854928B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/029—Bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to an electrolyte and a battery.
  • Lead-acid batteries which have been in existence for more than a hundred years, have mature battery technology and occupy an absolute market share in the energy storage fields such as car start batteries, electric bicycles and UPS. Although the lead-acid battery has a low cycle life and a relatively low energy density, it has the advantages of very low price and very high cost performance. Therefore, in recent years, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, etc., have failed to replace lead-acid batteries in the field of energy storage.
  • the working principle of the ion exchange battery is that the positive electrode is based on the elution-embedding reaction of the first metal ion, the negative electrode is based on the deposition-dissolution reaction of the second metal ion, and the electrolyte contains the first metal ion participating in the positive electrode extraction-embedding reaction and participating in the negative electrode.
  • a second metal ion of the deposition-dissolution reaction is 160Wh/Kg, and the actual energy density is expected to reach 50 80 Wh/Kg. In summary, this type of battery is very promising as a next-generation energy storage battery to replace lead-acid batteries, which has great commercial value.
  • the electrolyte of the battery is mostly made up of acetate, hydrochloride, sulfate, etc.
  • the acetate is poorly stable, and is easily oxidized, resulting in a large self-discharge;
  • the hydrochloride is corroded with the positive current collector, sulfuric acid Salt corrosion has a good overall performance, but the corrosion of the negative electrode is still large.
  • the invention provides an electrolyte for a battery, which is chemically stable and can inhibit battery corrosion.
  • the present invention provides an electrolyte for a battery, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolyte comprising reversible elution at the positive electrode during charging and discharging -
  • the embedded first metal ion and the second metal ion capable of being reduced to be deposited as the second metal at the negative electrode during charging; the second metal is reversibly oxidized to dissolve into the second metal ion during discharge.
  • the alkylsulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion.
  • the concentration of the alkylsulfonate ion is 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the concentration of the first metal ion is 1 to 7 mol/L, and the concentration of the second metal ion is 1 to 4 mol/L.
  • the first metal ion is a lithium ion
  • the second metal ion is a zinc ion.
  • the solvent is water or an alcohol.
  • the electrolyte further includes an electrolyte additive comprising a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide or cerium nitrate.
  • the bismuth compound is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte further comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion, and a nitrate ion.
  • the molar ratio of the sulfate ion to the alkylsulfonate ion is 1: 21 27:7.
  • the electrolyte has a pH of from 3 to 7.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte; the positive electrode includes a positive electrode material, and the positive electrode material includes a positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding the first metal ion;
  • the carrier for charging and discharging the negative electrode; the electrolyte is the electrolyte provided by the present invention.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode additive, and the negative electrode additive includes a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide or cerium nitrate.
  • the JH composition accounts for 0.1% to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the battery further comprises a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin;
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of from 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the negative electrode modifier is included in a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the coating layer further comprises a second metal ion.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode modifier is dispersed in the electrolyte, and the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode further comprises a conductive agent, the conductive agent is selected from graphite, the graphite has a particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, and the graphite has a crystallinity of not less than 90%.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite and a second graphite, and a particle size range of the first graphite
  • the particle diameter of the second graphite ranges from 5 to 15 ⁇ m ⁇ .
  • the first graphite has a weight percentage of 30 to 50% in the graphite
  • the second graphite has a weight percentage of 40 to 60% in the graphite.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ .
  • the graphite accounts for 6 to 15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion; the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the electrolyte is provided by the present invention Electrolyte.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, two negative electrodes and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a coating on the positive electrode current collector a conductive film, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, the composite current collecting body having opposite first and second faces, the positive electrode sheet And disposed on the first surface and the second surface; the two negative electrodes share the positive electrode, and the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; and the electrolyte is the electrolyte provided by the invention.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising two positive electrodes, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a coating on the positive electrode current collector a conductive film, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, the composite current collecting body having opposite first and second faces, the first Facing the negative electrode, at least the first surface is provided with the positive electrode sheet; the two positive electrodes share the negative electrode, and the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material;
  • the electrolyte provided by the invention.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, and the composite current collecting body has opposite sides disposed, wherein at least the composite current collector and the negative electrode The positive electrode sheet is disposed on the opposite side;
  • the negative electrode is selected from the group consisting of gold a genus, an alloy or a carbon-based material;
  • the battery comprising n pairs of the positive and negative electrodes, n > 2, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternately arranged, and the adjacent two positive electrodes share a negative electrode between the two positive electrodes, adjacent The two negative electrodes share a positive electrode between the two negative electrodes;
  • the electrolyte is the
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being antimony trioxide and/or antimony nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, a negative extraction electrode and an electrolyte, the positive extraction electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet disposed on one side of the composite current collector,
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material shield, and the positive electrode active material shield can reversibly extract-embed the first metal ion;
  • the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, the bipolar electrode includes a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode tab, and the bipolar current collector has a first disposed opposite And the second side, the positive electrode sheet is disposed on the first side of the bipolar current collector;
  • the electrolyte is the electrolyte provided by the invention;
  • the second metal ion is reduced and deposited during charging Forming a second metal on the second side of the bipolar current collector, the second metal being
  • the battery further comprises an additive added to the negative extraction electrode and / or electrolyte, the additive being antimony trioxide and / or cerium nitrate.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector is provided with a sealing portion for sealing the electrolytic solution.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector comprises a conductive plastic, stainless steel or passivated stainless steel.
  • the material of the conductive plastic is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers.
  • the material of the conductive plastic comprises a polymer and a conductive agent.
  • the material of the negative extraction electrode is selected from at least one of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or an alloy containing the above metal At least one of, or graphite foil, graphite flakes, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the positive electrode sheet further comprises an electrochemically inert carrier, and the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier.
  • the carrier is electrically insulating and has a porous structure.
  • the carrier has a pore size ranging from 50 to 200 mesh.
  • the carrier can conduct electrons.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the carrier is a nonwoven fabric.
  • the carrier has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the carrier has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode active shield is formed on the first surface and the second surface of the carrier.
  • the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier by a slurry.
  • the conductive film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the conductive film is bonded to the positive electrode current collector by thermocompression bonding, vacuuming or spraying.
  • the positive electrode sheet is bonded to the composite current collector by thermocompression bonding or bonding.
  • the positive active material shield has a spinel structure, a layered structure or an olivine structure.
  • the material of the cathode current collector is selected from the group consisting of glass carbon, graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Co, One of Ag or passivated metal, or stainless steel, carbon steel, A1 alloy, Ni alloy, Ti alloy, Cu alloy, Co alloy, Ti-Pt alloy, Pt-Rh alloy or passivated One of the above alloys.
  • the battery further includes a separator that holds the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte of the invention is not easily oxidized and has good chemical stability; the solubility of the first metal ion and the second metal ion can be effectively improved; the generation of gas is suppressed, the corrosion of the battery is reduced; Discharge; and does not freeze at -20 °C, has good low temperature performance.
  • the present invention also provides an ion exchange battery which is effective in reducing a large amount of gas generated during use.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a positive electrode material, the positive electrode material comprising a positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding the first metal ion; the electrolyte comprising at least one a solvent capable of dissolving an electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield includes a second metal ion and a charge capable of being reductively deposited as a second metal and a second metal capable of reversible oxidation dissolution during charge and discharge The first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedded in the positive electrode during discharge; the battery further comprising an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a 4-compound.
  • the cerium compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the bismuth compound is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the JH composition accounts for 0.1 to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the alkylsulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion.
  • the concentration of the alkylsulfonate ion is 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion and a nitrate ion.
  • the battery further comprises a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin;
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of from 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the negative electrode modifier is included in a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the coating layer further comprises a second metal ion.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the shield content of the electrolyte.
  • the battery further includes a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the first metal ion is selected from lithium ions or sodium ions.
  • the positive active agent shield is selected from one or more of LiMn 2 0 4 , LiFeP0 4 or LiCo0 2 .
  • the second metal ion is manganese ion, iron ion, copper ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, nickel ion, tin ion or lead ion.
  • the solvent is water or an alcohol.
  • the electrolyte has a pH of from 3 to 7.
  • the positive electrode material further comprises a conductive agent graphite, the graphite has a particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, and the graphite has a crystallinity of not less than 90%.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite and a second graphite
  • the first graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m
  • the second graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the first graphite is 30-50% by weight in the graphite
  • the second graphite is 40-60% by weight in the graphite.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive graphite accounts for 6 to 15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the charging and discharging process
  • the negative electrode is capable of reducing a second metal ion deposited as a second metal and capable of reversibly oxidatively dissolving, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedding in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding a metal ion;
  • the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode
  • the invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, two negative electrodes and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including during charging and discharging a second metal ion capable of being reductively deposited as a second metal and capable of reversible oxidative dissolution of the second metal and a reversible elution-embedded first metal ion in the positive electrode during charging and discharging; the positive electrode comprising a composite set a fluid and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding a first metal ion, the composite current collector having a phase For the first side and the second side of the arrangement, the positive electrode sheet is disposed on the first surface and the second surface;
  • the invention also provides a battery comprising two positive electrodes, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including during charging and discharging a second metal ion capable of being reductively deposited as a second metal and capable of reversible oxidative dissolution of the second metal and a reversible elution-embedded first metal ion in the positive electrode during charging and discharging; the positive electrode comprising a composite set a fluid and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding a first metal ion having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first surface is opposite to the negative electrode, and at least the first surface is provided
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the charging and discharging process
  • the negative electrode is capable of reducing a second metal ion deposited as a second metal and capable of reversibly oxidatively dissolving, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedding in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding into the first metal Ion,
  • the composite current collector has opposite sides, wherein at least the positive collector is disposed on a side opposite to the negative electrode; the negative electrode
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , Or at least one of graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or tin-plated copper, or brass.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, a negative extraction electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield;
  • the electrolytic shield includes a second metal ion and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedded in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive extraction electrode includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode disposed on one side of the composite current collector
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active shield, and the positive active material shield can be reversibly extracted - embedded in the first metal
  • the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, the bipolar electrode includes a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode tab, and the bipolar current collector has a relative setting a first side and a second side
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector is provided with a sealing portion for sealing the electrolytic solution.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector comprises a conductive plastic, stainless steel or passivated stainless steel.
  • the material of the conductive plastic is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers.
  • the material of the conductive plastic comprises a polymer and a conductive agent.
  • the material of the negative extraction electrode is selected from at least one of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or an alloy containing the above metal At least one of, or graphite foil, graphite flakes, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the positive electrode sheet further comprises an electrochemically inert carrier, and the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier.
  • the carrier is electrically insulating and has a porous structure.
  • the carrier has a pore size ranging from 50 to 200 mesh.
  • the carrier can conduct electrons.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the carrier is a nonwoven fabric.
  • the carrier has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the carrier has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode active shield is formed on the first surface and the second surface of the carrier.
  • the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier by a slurry.
  • the conductive film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the conductive film is bonded to the positive electrode current collector by thermocompression bonding, vacuuming or spraying.
  • the positive electrode sheet is bonded to the composite current collector by thermocompression bonding or bonding.
  • the positive active material shield has a spinel structure, a layered structure or an olivine structure.
  • the material of the cathode current collector is selected from the group consisting of glass carbon, graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Co, One of Ag or passivated metal, or stainless steel, carbon steel, A1 alloy, Ni alloy, Ti alloy, Cu alloy, Co alloy, Ti-Pt alloy, Pt-Rh alloy or passivated One of the above alloys.
  • the battery further includes a separator that holds the electrolyte.
  • the invention adds an additive bismuth compound, which effectively suppresses the generation of gas, thereby avoiding the battery bulging, enhancing the safety performance of the battery, and effectively suppressing the battery performance degradation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an ion exchange battery capable of improving safety performance.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a positive active agent shield capable of reversibly extracting-embedding the first metal ion; the electrolyte comprising at least one capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and a solvent that ionizes the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield includes a first metal ion And a second metal ion; the second metal ion is reduced and deposited as a second metal in the negative electrode during charging, and the second metal is oxidized and dissolved into a second metal ion during discharging; the battery further includes a negative electrode a modifier, the negative electrode modifier being selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin;
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of from 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the negative electrode modifier is included in a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the coating layer further comprises a second metal ion.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the shield content of the electrolyte.
  • the battery further comprises an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a cerium compound.
  • the cerium compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the ruthenium compound is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the JH composition accounts for 0.1 to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the alkyl sulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion.
  • the concentration of the alkylsulfonate ion is 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion and a nitrate ion.
  • the battery further comprises a membrane between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the first metal ion is selected from the group consisting of lithium ions or sodium ions.
  • the positive active agent shield is selected from one or more of LiMn 2 0 4 , LiFePO 4 or LiCo 0 2 .
  • the second metal ion is manganese ion, iron ion, copper ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, nickel ion tin ion or lead ion.
  • the solvent is water or an alcohol.
  • the cathode material further includes a conductive agent graphite, the graphite has a particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, and the graphite has a crystallinity of not less than 90%.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite and a second graphite, the first graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m, and the second graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the first graphite is 30-50% by weight in the graphite
  • the second graphite is 40-60% by weight in the graphite.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive graphite accounts for 6 to 15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the charging and discharging process
  • the negative electrode is capable of reducing a second metal ion deposited as a second metal and capable of reversibly oxidatively dissolving, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedding in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding a metal ion;
  • the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material;
  • the battery further includes a negative electrode modifier
  • the invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, two negative electrodes and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including during charging and discharging a second metal ion capable of being reductively deposited as a second metal and capable of reversible oxidative dissolution of the second metal and a reversible elution-embedded first metal ion in the positive electrode during charging and discharging; the positive electrode comprising a composite set a fluid and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding a first metal ion having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, the positive electrode sheet being disposed on the first surface and the second surface; the two negative electrode
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising two positive electrodes, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; a second metal ion capable of being reductively deposited as a second metal and capable of reversible oxidative dissolution of the second metal during charge and discharge, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedded at the positive electrode during charging and discharging;
  • the positive electrode includes a composite current collector including a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of being reversible De-intercalating-embeding the first metal ion, the composite current collector having opposite first and second faces, the first face being opposite to the negative electrode, at least the first face being provided with the positive electrode
  • the two positive electrodes share the negative electrode, the negative electrode is
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the charging and discharging process
  • the negative electrode is capable of reducing a second metal ion deposited as a second metal and capable of reversibly oxidatively dissolving, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedding in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversible extraction-embedding into the first metal Ion,
  • the composite current collector has opposite sides, wherein at least the positive collector is disposed on a side opposite to the negative electrode; the negative electrode
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, and a negative Extracting an electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the second metal ion and capable of reversibly releasing the positive electrode during charging and discharging - a first metal ion embedded; the positive extraction electrode includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet disposed on one side of the composite current collector, the composite current collector including a positive current collector and a conductive coating coated on the positive current collector a film, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embedding the first metal ion; the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, The bipolar electrode includes a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode tab, the bipolar current collector has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode tab is disposed on the
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, a negative extraction electrode and an electrolyte, the positive extraction electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet disposed on one side of the composite current collector,
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material shield, and the positive electrode active material shield can reversibly extract-embed the first metal ion;
  • the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, the bipolar electrode includes a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode tab, and the bipolar current collector has a first disposed opposite And a second side, the positive electrode sheet is disposed on a first side of the bipolar current collector;
  • the electrolyte solution includes at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield;
  • the shield includes a reduction and deposition of the negative electrode to the second metal and
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector is provided with a sealing portion for sealing the electrolytic solution.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector comprises a conductive plastic, stainless steel or passivated stainless steel.
  • the material of the conductive plastic is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers.
  • the material of the conductive plastic comprises a polymer and a conductive agent.
  • the material of the negative extraction electrode is selected from at least one of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or an alloy containing the above metal At least one of, or graphite foil, graphite flakes, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass
  • the positive electrode sheet further comprises an electrochemically inert carrier, and the positive electrode active shield is formed on the carrier.
  • the carrier is electrically insulating and has a porous structure.
  • the carrier has a pore size ranging from 50 to 200 mesh.
  • the carrier can conduct electrons.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the carrier is a nonwoven fabric.
  • the carrier has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the carrier has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode active shield is formed on the first surface and the second surface of the carrier.
  • the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier by a slurry.
  • the conductive film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the conductive film is bonded to the positive electrode current collector by thermocompression bonding, vacuuming or spraying.
  • the positive electrode sheet is bonded to the composite current collector by thermocompression bonding or bonding.
  • the positive active material shield has a spinel structure, a layered structure or an olivine structure.
  • the material of the cathode current collector is selected from the group consisting of glass carbon, graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Co, One of Ag or passivated metal, or stainless steel, carbon steel, A1 alloy, Ni alloy, Ti alloy, Cu alloy, Co alloy, Ti-Pt alloy, Pt-Rh alloy or passivated One of the above alloys.
  • the battery further includes a separator that holds the electrolyte.
  • the invention adds a negative electrode modifier, effectively suppresses the generation of dendrites, enhances the safety performance of the battery, improves the cycle performance of the battery, and effectively suppresses the relationship between the electrolyte and the negative electrode. Side reaction, to avoid gas generated by the negative electrode.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery positive electrode material which has good stability and corrosion resistance when the battery is charged.
  • the present invention provides a positive electrode material for a battery, the positive electrode material comprising a positive active material shield and a conductive agent graphite, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, and the graphite has a particle diameter smaller than 50 ⁇ , the crystallinity of the graphite is not less than 90%.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite and a second graphite
  • the first graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m
  • the second graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the first graphite is 30-50% by weight in the graphite
  • the second graphite is 40-60% by weight in the graphite.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive graphite accounts for 6 to 15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material.
  • the present invention also provides a battery, the battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and An electrolyte solution between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode material, and the positive electrode material is the above positive electrode material.
  • the electrolyte comprises an electrolytic shield and a solvent; the electrolytic shield is capable of at least ionizing the first metal ion and the second metal ion; and the first metal ion is reversibly desorbable in the positive electrode during charging and discharging - Embedding; the second metal ion is reduced in the charging process to a second metal during charging, and the second metal is oxidized and dissolved into a second metal ion during discharging.
  • the first metal ion is selected from at least one of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a magnesium ion, and a zinc ion.
  • the material of the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metal.
  • metal Zn metal Zn
  • Ni metal Zn
  • Cu metal Zn
  • Ag silver
  • Pb Sn
  • Fe Fe
  • Al passivated metal
  • the battery further includes a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin;
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of from 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the negative electrode modifier is included in a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the coating layer further comprises a second metal ion.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the shield content of the electrolyte.
  • the battery further comprises an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a cerium compound.
  • the cerium compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the bismuth compound is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the JH composition accounts for 0.1 to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the alkylsulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion.
  • the concentration of the alkylsulfonate ion is 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield includes sulfate ion, chloride ion, acetate ion And one or more of the nitrate ions.
  • the battery further includes a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the positive active agent shield is selected from one or more of LiMn 2 0 4 , LiFeP0 4 or LiCo0 2 .
  • the second metal ion is manganese ion, iron ion, copper ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, nickel ion, tin ion or lead ion.
  • the solvent is water or an alcohol.
  • the positive electrode includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode material; Metal, alloy or carbon based material.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the charging and discharging process
  • the negative electrode is capable of reducing a second metal ion deposited as a second metal and capable of reversibly oxidatively dissolving, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedding in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising the positive electrode material provided by the present invention;
  • the negative electrode selected from the group consisting of a metal, an alloy or a carbon base material.
  • the invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, two negative electrodes and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including during charging and discharging a second metal ion capable of being reductively deposited as a second metal and capable of reversible oxidative dissolution of the second metal and a reversible elution-embedded first metal ion in the positive electrode during charging and discharging; the positive electrode comprising a composite set a fluid and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode material provided by the present invention, the composite current collector having a relative arrangement The first surface and the second surface, the positive electrode sheet is disposed on the first surface and the second surface; the two negative electrodes share the positive electrode, and the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or
  • the invention also provides a battery comprising two positive electrodes, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including during charging and discharging
  • the anode can be reducedly deposited as a second metal and the second metal can be reversibly oxidized a second metal ion and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedded in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive current collector and coated a conductive film on the positive current collector,
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode material provided by the present invention, the composite current collector has opposite first and second faces, and the first surface is opposite to the negative electrode And at least the first surface is provided with the positive electrode sheet; the two positive electrodes share the negative electrode, and the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield including the charging and discharging process
  • the negative electrode is capable of reducing a second metal ion deposited as a second metal and capable of reversibly oxidatively dissolving, and a first metal ion capable of reversibly eluting-embedding in the positive electrode during charge and discharge;
  • the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet comprising the positive electrode material provided by the present invention, the composite current collector having two opposite sides, Wherein at least the positive current collector is disposed on a side opposite to the negative electrode;
  • the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the battery
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, a negative extraction electrode and an electrolyte, the positive extraction electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet disposed on one side of the composite current collector,
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material shield, and the positive electrode active material shield can reversibly extract-embed the first metal ion;
  • the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, the bipolar electrode comprises a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode sheet, the bipolar current collector a first surface and a second surface disposed oppositely, the positive electrode sheet being disposed on a first side of the bipolar current collector;
  • the electrolyte comprising at least one capable of dissolving an electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield
  • the electrolytic shield includes a second metal ion capable of being reductively
  • the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector is provided with a sealing portion for sealing the electrolytic solution.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector comprises a conductive plastic, stainless steel or passivated stainless steel.
  • the material of the conductive plastic is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers.
  • the material of the conductive plastic comprises a polymer and a conductive agent.
  • the material of the negative extraction electrode is selected from at least one of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or an alloy containing the above metal At least one of, or graphite foil, graphite flakes, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the positive electrode sheet further comprises an electrochemically inert carrier, and the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier
  • the carrier is electrically insulating and has a porous structure.
  • the carrier has a pore size ranging from 50 to 200 mesh.
  • the carrier can conduct electrons.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the carrier is a nonwoven fabric.
  • the carrier has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the carrier has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode active shield is formed on the first surface and the second surface of the carrier.
  • the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier by a slurry.
  • the conductive film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the conductive film is bonded to the positive electrode current collector by thermocompression bonding, vacuuming or spraying.
  • the positive electrode sheet is bonded to the composite current collector by thermocompression bonding or bonding.
  • the positive active agent shield has a spinel structure, a layered structure or an olivine structure.
  • the material of the cathode current collector is selected from the group consisting of glass carbon, graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Co, Ag. Or one of the above metals that have been passivated, or stainless steel, carbon steel, Al alloy, Ni alloy, Ti alloy, Cu alloy, Co alloy, Ti-Pt alloy, Pt-Rh alloy or passivated One of the alloys.
  • the battery further includes a separator that holds the electrolyte.
  • the conductive agent in the positive electrode material of the invention has a suitable particle size, so that the conductivity and stability can be well balanced, thereby avoiding the corrosion of the conductive agent graphite, reducing the gas production of the battery, and enhancing the gas.
  • the safety performance of the battery also effectively suppresses battery performance degradation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery having good cycle performance and high energy.
  • the present invention provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector,
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion;
  • the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material;
  • the electrolyte includes an electrolytic shield, the electrolytic The shield can at least ionize the second metal ion, the second metal ion is reduced and deposited on the negative electrode to form a negative electrode active shield when charged, and the negative active material shield is oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge .
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, two negative electrodes and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a coating on the positive electrode current collector a conductive film, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, the composite current collecting body having opposite first and second faces, the positive electrode sheet Provided on the first surface and the second surface; the two negative electrodes share the positive electrode,
  • the negative electrode is selected from a metal, alloy or carbon-based material;
  • the electrolyte includes an electrolytic shield, the electrolytic shield is capable of at least ionizing a second metal ion, and the second metal ion is reducedly deposited on the negative electrode during charging.
  • a negative electrode active shield which is oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising two positive electrodes, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a coating on the positive electrode current collector a conductive film, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, the composite current collecting body having opposite first and second faces, the first The surface is opposite to the negative electrode, at least the first surface is provided with the positive electrode sheet; the two positive electrodes share the negative electrode, the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; Shield, the electrolytic shield is capable of at least ionizing a second metal ion, and the second metal ion is reduced and deposited on the negative electrode to form a negative electrode active shield when charged, and the negative active material shield is oxidized and dissolved during discharge In the electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode compris
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive active material shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion, and the composite current collecting body has opposite sides disposed, wherein at least the composite current collector and the negative electrode a positive electrode is disposed on the opposite side; the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the battery includes n pairs of the positive and negative electrodes, n > 2, and two adjacent positive electrodes are shared by two positive electrodes.
  • the adjacent two negative electrodes share a positive electrode between the two negative electrodes;
  • the electrolyte includes an electrolytic shield, the electrolytic shield is capable of at least ionizing a second metal ion, and the second metal ion is charged
  • the anode is formed by reduction reduction to form a negative electrode active agent shield, and the negative electrode active material shield is oxidized and dissolved in the electrolytic solution upon discharge.
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being antimony trioxide and/or antimony nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the above metals. , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, a negative extraction electrode and an electrolyte, the positive extraction electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet disposed on one side of the composite current collector,
  • the composite current collector includes a cathode current collector and a cathode current collector a conductive film
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion
  • the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode
  • the bipolar electrode includes a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode tab, the bipolar current collector has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode tab is disposed on the bipolar set a first side of the fluid;
  • the electrolyte comprising an electrolytic shield, the electrolytic shield being at least capable of ionizing a second metal ion, the second metal ion being reducedly deposited on the bipolar current collector
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive extraction electrode, at least one bipolar electrode, a negative extraction electrode and an electrolyte, the positive extraction electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet disposed on one side of the composite current collector,
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material shield, and the positive electrode active material shield can reversibly extract-embed the first metal ion;
  • the bipolar electrode is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, the bipolar electrode includes a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode tab, and the bipolar current collector has a first disposed opposite And a second side, the positive electrode sheet is disposed on a first side of the bipolar current collector;
  • the electrolyte solution includes at least one solvent capable of dissolving the electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield;
  • the shield includes a second metal ion capable of being reductively
  • the negative extraction electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the electrolyte is disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode; the battery further includes a negative electrode modifier, Negative change
  • the agent is selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising a composite current collector and a positive electrode plate, the composite current collector comprising a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active shield, the positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding a first metal ion; the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the electrolyte includes an electrolytic shield, The electrolytic shield can at least ionize the second metal ion, the second metal ion is reduced and deposited on the negative electrode to form a negative electrode active shield when charged, and the negative active material shield is oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge in.
  • the number of the positive electrodes is one, and the negative electrodes are two; the positive electrode includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, and the composite current collector has opposite first and second faces, the positive electrode Pieces are disposed on the first side and the second side; the two negative electrodes share the positive electrode.
  • the number of the positive electrodes is two, and the number of the negative electrodes is one; the composite current collector has opposite first and second faces, and the first surface is opposite to the negative electrode. At least the first surface is provided with the positive electrode sheet; the two positive electrodes share the negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet, and the composite current collector has opposite sides, wherein at least the positive electrode sheet is disposed on a side opposite to the negative electrode;
  • the negative electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material;
  • the battery includes n pairs of the positive and negative electrodes, n > 2, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternately disposed, and the adjacent two positive electrodes share a negative electrode between the two positive electrodes.
  • the two adjacent negative electrodes share a positive electrode between the two negative electrodes.
  • the negative electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metals , or graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the positive electrode is a positive extraction electrode
  • the negative electrode is a negative extraction electrode
  • the battery further includes at least one bipolar electrode
  • the positive extraction electrode includes a composite current collector and a side disposed on the composite current collector.
  • a positive electrode sheet the bipolar electrode being disposed between the positive extraction electrode and the negative extraction electrode, the bipolar electrode comprising a bipolar current collector and the positive electrode sheet, the bipolar current collector having a relative a first side and a second side disposed, the positive electrode sheet being disposed on a first side of the bipolar current collector; the second metal ion being reducedly deposited on the bipolar current collector during charging Second Forming a second metal, the second metal being oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge; the negative extraction electrode is selected from a metal, an alloy or a carbon-based material; the electrolyte is disposed at the positive extraction electrode And between the negative lead electrodes.
  • the battery further includes a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin, and cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin, and cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin;
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of from 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the negative electrode modifier is included in a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the coating layer further comprises a second metal ion.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the shield content of the electrolyte.
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a ruthenium compound.
  • the hydrazine compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the ruthenium compound is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the JH composition accounts for 0.1 to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the alkyl sulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion.
  • the concentration of the alkylsulfonate ion is 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion and a nitrate ion.
  • the battery further comprises a membrane between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the first metal ion is selected from the group consisting of lithium ions or sodium ions.
  • the positive active agent shield is selected from one or more of LiMn 2 0 4 , LiFePO 4 or LiCo 0 2 .
  • the second metal ion is manganese ion, iron ion, copper ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, nickel ion tin ion or lead ion.
  • the solvent is water or an alcohol.
  • the cathode material further comprises a conductive agent graphite, the graphite has a particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, and the graphite has a crystallinity of not less than 90%.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite and a second graphite
  • the first graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m
  • the second graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the first graphite is 30-50% by weight in the graphite
  • the second graphite is 40-60% by weight in the graphite.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive graphite accounts for 6 to 15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector is provided with a sealing portion for sealing the electrolytic solution.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector comprises a conductive plastic, stainless steel or passivated stainless steel.
  • the material of the conductive plastic is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers.
  • the material of the conductive plastic comprises a polymer and a conductive agent.
  • the material of the negative extraction electrode is selected from at least one of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or an alloy containing the above metal At least one of, or graphite foil, graphite flakes, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or copper tin, or brass.
  • the positive electrode sheet further comprises an electrochemically inert carrier, and the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier
  • the carrier is electrically insulating and has a porous structure.
  • the carrier has a pore size ranging from 50 to 200 mesh.
  • the carrier can conduct electrons.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the material of the carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the carrier is a nonwoven fabric.
  • the carrier has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the carrier has opposite first and second faces, the first side of the carrier
  • the positive electrode active shield is formed on both the second surface and the second surface.
  • the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier by a slurry.
  • the conductive film comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the conductive film is bonded to the positive electrode current collector by thermocompression bonding, vacuuming or spraying.
  • the positive electrode sheet is bonded to the composite current collector by thermocompression bonding or bonding.
  • the positive active material shield has a spinel structure, a layered structure or an olivine structure.
  • the material of the cathode current collector is selected from the group consisting of glass carbon, graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Co, One of Ag or passivated metal, or stainless steel, carbon steel, A1 alloy, Ni alloy, Ti alloy, Cu alloy, Co alloy, Ti-Pt alloy, Pt-Rh alloy or passivated One of the above alloys.
  • the battery further includes a separator that holds the electrolyte.
  • the battery further includes an additive added to the negative electrode and/or the electrolyte, the additive being a ruthenium compound.
  • the cerium compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the bismuth compound is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the JH composition accounts for 0.1 to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the alkylsulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion.
  • the concentration of the alkylsulfonate ion is 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion and a nitrate ion.
  • the battery further comprises a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin;
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the negative electrode modifier is included in a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the coating layer further comprises a second metal ion.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the shield content of the electrolyte.
  • the battery further includes a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the first metal ion is selected from lithium ions or sodium ions.
  • the positive active agent shield is selected from one or more of LiMn 2 0 4 , LiFeP0 4 or LiCo0 2 .
  • the second metal ion is manganese ion, iron ion, copper ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, nickel ion, tin ion or lead ion.
  • the solvent is water or an alcohol.
  • the positive electrode material further comprises a conductive agent graphite, the graphite has a particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, and the graphite has a crystallinity of not less than 90%.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite and a second graphite
  • the first graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m
  • the second graphite has a particle diameter ranging from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the first graphite is 30-50% by weight in the graphite
  • the second graphite is 40-60% by weight in the graphite.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m.
  • the graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive graphite accounts for 6 to 15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material.
  • the positive electrode includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode material; Metal, alloy or carbon based material.
  • the invention provides that the electrode sheet is easy to process, uniform in thickness and easy to sort, and has good performance consistency, and the battery using the electrode sheet has low price, good cycle performance and high energy. Therefore, the battery of the present invention is expected to be widely used in fields such as large-scale energy storage and power grid peaking.
  • the present invention also provides a battery pack comprising as many as one of the batteries provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides an uninterruptible power supply, including the battery provided by the present invention.
  • the invention also provides a vehicle comprising the battery provided by the invention as an engine driving electric Source.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar electrode according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery according to Embodiment 1, wherein a battery unit is schematically shown;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of charging a battery according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 2, wherein a battery unit is schematically shown;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 4.
  • Embodiment 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 5;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 5, wherein a battery unit is schematically shown;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 6;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 7, wherein both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are two;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a battery provided in Embodiment 7, wherein the number of positive electrodes and negative electrodes is greater than two;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electrode sheet provided by the present invention, wherein an active shield layer is formed on both the first side and the second side of the carrier;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode provided by the present invention, wherein the electrode current collector has a conductive film;
  • Fig. 17 is a comparison diagram of the gas produced by the embodiment a l of the present invention and the comparative example ac l.
  • Fig. 18 is a comparison diagram of the gas produced by the embodiment c l of the present invention and the comparative example cc l .
  • Figure 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the internal resistance of the battery and the charge and discharge time provided by Example r l and Comparative Example rc l;
  • Figure 20 is a discharge curve of the battery provided by Example r3 and Comparative Example rc2;
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge capacity of the battery and the number of cycles provided by the embodiment r4;
  • Figure 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge capacity of the battery and the number of cycles provided in Example r5. among them:
  • Electrode sheet 1. Electrode sheet 2. Carrier 4. Active shield layer
  • An electrolyte for a battery comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving an electrolytic shield and ionizing the electrolytic shield; the electrolytic shield is capable of ionizing at least a second metal ion, and the second metal ion is charged while being charged
  • the reduction deposits on the negative electrode to form a negative electrode active material shield, and the negative electrode active material shield is oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge.
  • the electrolyte further comprises an electrolytic shield which is capable of ionizing out ions corresponding to reversible elution-embedding at the positive electrode.
  • the second metal ion and the reversible elution-embedded ion are both metal ions, the second metal ion is referred to as the second metal ion, and the reversible elution-embedded ion is referred to as the first metal ion. That is, the electrolyte includes a first metal ion that can be reversibly extracted-embedded in the positive electrode during charging and discharging and a second metal ion that can be reduced and deposited as a second metal in the negative electrode during charging; the second metal is reversibly oxidized during discharge Is the second metal ion.
  • the purpose of the solvent in the electrolyte of the present invention is to dissolve the electrolytic shield and ionize the electrolytic shield in a solvent to finally form freely movable cations and anions in the electrolyte.
  • the solvent of the present invention is preferably water and/or an alcohol.
  • alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol or ethanol.
  • the first metal ion in the electrolytic shield of the present invention can be in the positive electrode during charge and discharge Reversible extraction - embedding. That is, when the battery is discharged, the first metal ion in the electrolyte is embedded in the positive active material shield; when the battery is charged, the first metal ion is released from the positive active material shield and enters the electrolyte.
  • the first metal ion of the invention is selected from lithium ions or sodium ions, more preferably lithium ions.
  • the second metal ion in the electrolytic shield can be reduced and deposited as a second metal in the charging process during the charging process, and the second metal is reversibly oxidized into the second metal ion during the discharging process. That is, when the battery is charged, the second metal ion in the electrolyte is reduced to the second metal and deposited on the negative electrode; when the battery is discharged, the second metal is oxidized to dissolve the second metal ion from the negative electrode to enter the electrolyte.
  • the second metal ion is selected from the group consisting of manganese ions, iron ions, copper ions, zinc ions, chromium ion nickel ions, tin ions or lead ions; more preferably zinc ions.
  • the first metal ion is selected from the group consisting of lithium ions and the second metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc ions, i.e., the cations in the electrolytic shield are lithium ions and zinc ions.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield comprises an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield includes an alkyl sulfonate ion.
  • the alkyl sulfonate ion includes, but is not limited to, an aliphatic sulfonate ion, and is not limited to having a functional group or a substituent on the aliphatic group. Preferably, it conforms to the following formula:
  • Y means a substituent such as -F, -OH or the like.
  • R may be a branched or unbranched aliphatic group; it may be a fatty group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a fatty group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. And n-propyl.
  • R' may be a branched or unbranched aliphatic group; may be an aliphatic group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a fatty group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably unbranched An aliphatic group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; more preferably, the substituent is not bonded to the same carbon atom as the sulfonic acid group.
  • the alkyl sulfonate ion is a methanesulfonate ion, i.e., R is a methyl group.
  • methylsulfonate ions in the electrolyte further enhances the solubility of the first metal ion and the second metal ion, and the cost thereof is lower than that of other alkyl sulfonates.
  • the anion in the electrolysis shield contains only alkyl sulfonate ions and no other anions. That is, the electrolysis shield is composed entirely of alkyl sulfonates.
  • the low temperature performance of the electrolyte is more excellent, and the concentration of the first metal ion and the second metal ion in the electrolyte is higher.
  • the electrolytic shield is zinc alkylsulfonate and lithium alkylsulfonate.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield may contain other anions in addition to the alkylsulfonate ion.
  • Other anions can be any which does not substantially affect the positive and negative reactions, and the dissolution of the electrolytic shield in the solvent.
  • Anion may be a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, a nitrate ion, an acetate ion, a formate ion, a phosphate ion, a mixture thereof, or the like.
  • the electrolytic shield further comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion, and a nitrate ion.
  • the molar ratio of the sulfate ion to the alkylsulfonate ion is from 1:21 to 27:7.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield consists of an alkyl sulfonate ion and a sulfate ion. The concentration of each ion in the electrolyte can be changed according to different conditions such as different electrolytic shields, solvents, and application fields of the battery.
  • the concentration of the first metal ion is 1 to 7 mol/L.
  • the concentration of the second metal ion is 1-4 mol/L.
  • the concentration of the alkyl sulfonate ion in the electrolyte is from 0.5 to 12 mol/L.
  • the anion in the electrolytic shield can also be any anion that does not substantially affect the positive and negative reactions, and the dissolution of the electrolytic shield in the solvent.
  • it may be a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, a nitrate ion, an acetate ion, a formate ion, a phosphate ion, a mixture thereof, or the like.
  • the electrolyte comprises one or more of a sulfate ion, a chloride ion, an acetate ion, and a nitrate ion.
  • the electrolyte preferably further includes an electrolyte additive.
  • the electrolyte additive is a cerium compound.
  • the method of adding the cerium compound to the electrolyte may be selected according to the different conditions of the electrolyte or the separator.
  • the method of addition includes, but is not limited to, direct addition to the electrolyte, or dropwise addition to the membrane as a suspension. More preferably, the ruthenium compound is directly added to the electrolyte, and then the electrolyte is dropped onto the separator.
  • the cerium compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the dosage of the cerium compound used in the electrolyte is preferably as follows:
  • the sulphur dioxide 4 When it is necessary to use the sulphur dioxide 4 alone, the sulphur dioxide 4 must account for 0.01 to 5% of the total weight of the electrolyte. When cerium nitrate is used alone, cerium nitrate accounts for 0.01 to 5% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention further comprises a negative electrode modifier selected from one or more of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, dextrin and cyclodextrin. kind.
  • the purpose of the negative electrode modifier is to improve the deposition of the second metal on the negative electrode, suppress the generation of the second metal dendrites, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the negative electrode modifier has an average molecular weight of 2,000,000 to 2,000,000.
  • gelatin is generally obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen contained in the bone or skin of an animal.
  • the gelatin of the present invention has an average molecular weight of from 2,000,000 to 15,000.
  • agar refers to a colloid shield made of certain seaweeds, and its main component is polygalactose.
  • cellulose refers to a linear macromolecular polysaccharide formed by linking more than 300 glucose units with ⁇ -1,4 glycosidic bonds, and the molecular formula is (C 6 H 1 () 0 5 ) n .
  • Cellulosics of the invention include, but are not limited to, alpha-cellulose, beta-cellulose, strontium-cellulose.
  • the average molecular weight of the cellulose is from 500,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the cellulose ether and the soluble salt thereof are derivatives in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group in the cellulose polymer is substituted with a hydrocarbon group.
  • methyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, carboxymethyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, ethyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, benzyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, Hydroxyethyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and soluble salts thereof, cyanoethyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl Cellulose and soluble salts thereof, phenyl cellulose and soluble salts thereof.
  • the cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose (cylinder CMC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (tube writing HPMC).
  • the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl cellulose is from 0.8 to 1.1.
  • dextrin means that the starch is partially hydrolyzed by the action of acid, heat or amylase, and a sugar having a much smaller molecular shield than the starch is obtained.
  • Dextrin includes, but is not limited to, white dextrin, yellow dextrin or British gum.
  • cyclodextrin is a general term for a series of cyclic oligosaccharides produced by amylose under the action of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, usually containing 6-12 D-glucopyranose units.
  • ⁇ -cyclodextrin (6 glucose units), ⁇ -cyclodextrin (7 glucose units), and ⁇ cyclodextrin (8 glucose units).
  • the cyclodextrin is selected from one or more of alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin and gamma cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier is dispersed in the electrolytic solution.
  • the resulting dispersion may form a solution or a colloidal solution depending on the conditions of the negative electrode modifier.
  • the negative electrode modifier accounts for 0.01% to 2% of the shield of the electrolyte.
  • the negative electrode modifier is dispersed in the electrolyte solution, and the negative electrode modifier may be directly added to the prepared electrolytic shield solution, and the electrolytic shield and the negative electrode modifier may be added together in a solvent to be dispersed and disposed as an electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention may also contain a force agent according to different conditions. Mouth 4 ⁇ ⁇ force mouth agent, "3 ⁇ 4 in high ⁇ force mouth agent, force agent.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention preferably has a pH of 3 to 7.
  • the ⁇ ⁇ value of the electrolyte ranges from 3 to 7, so that the concentration of the second metal ion in the electrolyte can be effectively ensured, thereby ensuring the capacity of the battery and the discharge performance of the rate, and also avoiding the problem of co-embedding of the shield.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention contains an alkylsulfonate ion and has the following advantages: First, the alkylsulfonate ion can effectively increase the first metal ion (for example, lithium ion) and the second metal ion (for example, zinc ion) in the electrolyte. The solubility, the increase of the ion concentration in the electrolyte can effectively improve the high rate charge and discharge performance of the battery. Second, the alkyl sulfonate ion can inhibit the generation of gas. Third, the alkyl sulfonate ion can also effectively reduce the self-discharge rate of the battery.
  • first metal ion for example, lithium ion
  • the second metal ion for example, zinc ion
  • the alkyl sulfonate ion can increase the oxygen evolution overpotential of the electrolyte and lower the redox potential of the positive electrode active shield.
  • the alkyl sulfonate ion electrolyte does not freeze at -20 °C, which allows the battery to have better low temperature performance.
  • the preparation method of the electrolyte can be prepared by different methods depending on the actual situation. Preferably, it is obtained in the following manner.
  • Method 1 The alkyl sulfonate is directly dissolved in the solvent.
  • the concentration of each ion in the electrolyte to be disposed a certain amount of lithium methanesulfonate and zinc methylsulfonate are weighed and dissolved in water, and stirred to dissolve all of them to prepare an electrolytic solution.
  • the anion is a methylsulfonate ion
  • the cation is a zinc ion and a lithium ion.
  • Method 2 The metal is reacted with an alkyl sulfonic acid.
  • the amount of methanesulfonic acid is basically ensured to completely react with metal zinc and lithium hydroxide, and the metal zinc is converted into zinc ions in the electrolyte, and lithium hydroxide and methanesulfonic acid are neutralized to form lithium methanesulfonate. .
  • Method 3 The metal oxide is reacted with an alkyl sulfonic acid.
  • the amount of methanesulfonic acid is basically ensured to completely react with zinc oxide and lithium hydroxide, and zinc oxide reacts with methanesulfonic acid to form lithium methanesulfonate, and lithium hydroxide and methanesulfonic acid neutralize to form methyl group.
  • Method 4 The metal carbonate is reacted with an alkyl sulfonic acid.
  • a certain amount of zinc carbonate was weighed, dissolved in a certain concentration of methanesulfonic acid, stirred until completely dissolved, and then lithium hydroxide was added thereto, and stirred until completely dissolved to prepare an electrolytic solution.
  • the amount of methanesulfonic acid is basically ensured to completely react with zinc carbonate and lithium hydroxide, so that zinc carbonate reacts with methanesulfonic acid to form lithium methanesulfonate, and lithium hydroxide and methanesulfonic acid neutralize to form methyl group. Lithium sulfonate.
  • a battery can be prepared.
  • the battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte;
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode material, the positive electrode material includes a positive active material shield capable of reversibly extracting-embeding the first metal ion;
  • the negative electrode includes a carrier for charging and discharging the negative electrode; Provided electrolyte.
  • the charging and discharging principle of the battery of the invention is: when charging, the positive active material shield releases the first metal ion, and the positive active material shield is oxidized and emits electrons; the electron reaches the battery negative electrode through the external circuit, and the second in the electrolyte
  • the metal ions on the negative electrode get electrons reduced to a second metal deposited on the negative electrode.
  • the second metal deposited on the negative electrode is oxidized, and the lost electrons are converted into the second metal ions into the electrolyte; the electrons pass through the external circuit to reach the positive electrode, and the positive active material shield receives electrons to be reduced, and the first metal ions are embedded in the positive electrode. Active in the shield.
  • the positive active material shield in the positive electrode participates in the positive electrode reaction, and reversibly extracts-embeds the first metal ion.
  • the positive active shield can be reversibly extracted - intercalated with lithium ions, or sodium ions.
  • the positive active material shield has a spinel structure, a layered structure or an olivine structure.
  • the positive active material shield may be a compound capable of reversibly deintercalating-intercalating lithium ion-doped spinel structure conforming to the general formula Li 1+x Mn y M z O k , wherein -l ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5, 3 ⁇ k ⁇ 6,
  • the positive active agent shield contains LiMn 2 0 4 . More preferably, the positive active agent shield contains doped or coated modified LiMn 2 0 4 .
  • the positive active material shield may be a compound capable of reversibly deintercalating-intercalating lithium ion layered structure conforming to the general formula Li 1+x M y M' z M" c 0 2+n , wherein -l ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 , 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1 , 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1 ,
  • M, ⁇ ', ⁇ " are respectively selected from Ni, Mn, Co, Mg, Ti, Cr, V, Zn, Zr,
  • the positive active agent shield contains LiCo0 2 .
  • the positive electrode active shield may also be a compound capable of reversibly deintercalating-intercalating lithium ion-oriented olivine structure conforming to the general formula Li x M 1-y M' y (X0 4 ) n , wherein 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 1.5, M is selected from Fe, Mn, V or Co, and M' is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Cr, V or Al, and X is selected from S, At least one of P or Si.
  • the positive active agent shield contains LiFeP0 4 .
  • LiMn 2 0 4 which cannot represent the general formula of "manganese manganate" which is widely used, but should be of the general formula Li 1+x Mn y M z O k prevails extensively including various modified LiMn 2 0 4 positive active agent shields.
  • LiFeP0 4 and LiCo0 2 should also be broadly understood to include modifications through various doping, cladding, etc., which are in accordance with Li x M 1-y M' y (X0 4 ) n and Li 1+, respectively.
  • x M y M' z M" c 0 2+n positive electrode active material which are in accordance with Li x M 1-y M' y (X0 4 ) n and Li 1+, respectively.
  • the positive active material shield is a material shield capable of reversible extraction-intercalation of lithium ions
  • the positive active material shield is a physical shield capable of reversible extraction-insertion of sodium ions, NaVP0 4 F or the like is preferably used.
  • the positive electrode when preparing the positive electrode, in addition to the positive active material shield, depending on the actual situation, it may be necessary to add a conductive agent and a binder to improve the performance of the positive electrode.
  • the conductive agent is selected from one or more of a conductive polymer, activated carbon, graphene, carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, metal fiber, metal powder, and metal flake.
  • the purpose of using a conductive agent in the positive electrode is to lower the electrical resistance of the entire positive electrode while enhancing the conductive path between the positive electrode material particles.
  • the conductive agent is made of graphite.
  • the particle size of graphite is an important index. It is found that the smaller the particle size of graphite, the better the conductivity of graphite. However, the stability and corrosion resistance of graphite may be slightly poor and easy to react.
  • the graphite particle size is too large, corresponding to the conductivity of the cathode material. It will decrease, resulting in an increase in the internal resistance of the positive electrode material, affecting the cycle life of the battery.
  • the conductive agent graphite has a particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m. The conductive agent has good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.
  • the conductive agent graphite has a crystallinity of not less than 90%, thereby further imparting good thermal stability and corrosion resistance to graphite.
  • the graphite comprises a first graphite having a particle size ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m and a second graphite having a particle diameter ranging from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • Graphite of different particle sizes can greatly improve conductivity and rate performance in a certain ratio. And corrosion resistance, while suppressing self-discharge of the battery.
  • the small particle size graphite can effectively increase the contact area between the positive electrode active material shield and the graphite in the positive electrode material, improve the micro-interface conductivity of the conductive agent graphite and the positive electrode active material shield, and enhance the compaction of the positive electrode material.
  • the consumption of the conductive agent greatly increases the cycle life of the battery.
  • the conductive agent graphite has a particle diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the first graphite having a particle size ranging from 15 to 50 ⁇ m is contained in the graphite in an amount of 30 to 50% by weight.
  • the particle size ranges from 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the weight percentage of the second graphite in the graphite is 40 to 60%.
  • the remaining graphite is a smaller particle size, i.e., the particle size ranges from 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • Graphite of different particle sizes are matched with each other in a certain ratio, so that the conductive network constructed by graphite has a large contact area and good corrosion resistance, greatly reduces the internal resistance of the positive electrode material, and improves the floating of the battery. Recharges life and reduces self-discharge.
  • the graphite d l O has a particle size of 6 ⁇ m. Controlling the content of graphite with a small particle size and reducing the reactivity of graphite, thus making graphite have better stability and corrosion resistance.
  • the amount of the conductive agent must be increased, and at this time, the conductive agent particles may fill the gap between the positive active material shield particles, and There is effective contact between the conductive agent and the positive active material shield, and between the conductive agent and the conductive agent.
  • the content of the conductive agent has a turning point, and the positive electrode active agent shield particles in the positive electrode can fully contact with the conductive agent graphite, so that the interface electrochemical reaction impedance reaches a stable value, and the stability of the positive electrode increases. Too much conductive agent will cause less positive electrode active shield content in the positive monomer volume, lower positive electrode active shield density, and lower battery capacity. When the conductive agent content is too small, the positive active material shield has less electronic conductive channels, resulting in positive electrode activity. The utilization rate of the shield is not high, the capacity of the positive electrode is reduced, and the cycle performance is also reduced.
  • the conductive graphite accounts for 6-15% of the shield content of the positive electrode material. Therefore, the positive electrode has a high capacity while ensuring excellent conductivity of the positive electrode material.
  • the binder may be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyester, polyether, fluorinated polymer, polydivinyl polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol II One of acrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, or a mixture and derivative of the above polymers. More preferably, the binder is selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • SBR styrene butadiene rubber
  • the slurry containing the active agent shield is directly coated on the positive electrode current collector in a certain manner, and then processed into a positive electrode after drying.
  • the positive electrode prepared under this process only the weight of the entire positive electrode can be weighed, and considering the uneven distribution of the weight distribution of each region of the current collector itself, the sorting is not accurate to measure each positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode sheet can be separately prepared and formed by being separated from the positive electrode current collector. In the process of preparing the positive electrode sheet, it is advantageous to separately weigh and sort the positive active material shield, thereby greatly improving the battery consistency and making the battery Easy to assemble.
  • the positive active material shield participates in the electrochemical reaction, and the positive active material shield accounts for 60-99% by weight of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the surface density of the positive electrode active shield in the positive electrode sheet ranges from 200 to 2000 g/m 2 .
  • the positive electrode sheet further comprises an electrochemically inert carrier
  • the positive active material shield is formed on the carrier
  • the carrier has opposite first and second faces, and the first side or the first side of the carrier is not limited.
  • a positive active active shield is formed on both sides, or a positive active active shield is formed on the first side and the second side of the carrier.
  • the preparation method of the positive electrode sheet is not particularly limited.
  • a slurry containing a positive electrode active shield is first prepared, and then a slurry is formed on a carrier, and a positive electrode active shield is formed on the carrier by a slurry.
  • the carrier mainly functions as a shield for carrying the positive active material, and the carrier itself is electrochemically inert.
  • the electrochemical inertness means that the carrier does not participate in any electrochemical reaction, and is stably present in the positive electrode sheet, and only acts as a shield for carrying the active material.
  • the matrix of the layer exists.
  • the carrier is electrically insulated and has a porous structure.
  • the pore size of the carrier ranges from 50 mesh to 200 mesh, so that the positive active material shield is not only beneficial under the premise that the carrier has a certain mechanical property. Attached to the carrier, the peeling resistance of the positive active material shield and the carrier is improved, the stable operation of the positive electrode sheet is ensured, and the ion transport in the positive active material shield is facilitated.
  • the carrier can conduct electrons
  • the material of the carrier includes, but is not limited to, a conductive resin or a metal.
  • the thickness of the carrier is not particularly limited, but in order to ensure a high energy density of the positive electrode sheet, it is necessary to control the thickness of the positive electrode sheet. Specifically, the thickness of the positive electrode sheet ranges from 0.3 to 1.5 mm, and is one of the components of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the carrier preferably, has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the carrier may be a non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric is not subjected to textile processing, but is only bonded by physical means.
  • the composition of the nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited as long as it can satisfy conditions such as electrochemical inertia.
  • the non-woven fabric is light in weight, stable in performance, easy to shape, and low in cost.
  • a nonwoven fabric is combined with a positive electrode active shield in a positive electrode sheet, so that the positive electrode sheet is lighter in weight and has stable electrochemical properties.
  • the material of the carrier is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET;), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide ( At least one of PA), polyurethane (PU), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). These materials are stably present in the positive electrode sheet without participating in the electrochemical reaction and saving weight for the high energy density output of the battery.
  • a slurry containing an active agent shield is usually directly coated on a current collector, for example, in a lithium ion battery, a slurry containing graphite is coated on a copper foil to form a negative electrode; In a lead-acid battery, a lead paste is coated on a grid to form a negative electrode.
  • the electrode prepared under this process can only weigh the weight of the whole electrode when sorting, and considering the uneven distribution of the weight distribution of each region of the current collector itself, this sorting is not accurate to measure each electrode.
  • the weight of the active active shield, resulting in inconsistencies in the capacity of each positive electrode ultimately leads to inconsistencies in the entire battery and affects electrochemical performance and yield.
  • the positive electrode sheet provided by the invention has the ratio of the positive active material shield, the binder and the conductive agent being exactly the same, and the electrochemically inert carrier is also a material with very high consistency, and the positive electrode sheet obtained by the weight is very consistent. .
  • the positive electrode further includes a positive electrode current collector supporting the positive electrode active shield, and the material of the positive electrode current collector is selected from one of a carbon-based material, a metal or an alloy.
  • the positive current collector acts only as a carrier for electron conduction and collection, and does not participate in the electrochemical reaction, that is, within the operating voltage range of the battery, the positive current collector can be stably present in the electrolyte without substantially causing side reactions, thereby ensuring stable battery. Cycle performance.
  • the positive current collector needs to meet the requirements of large surface area, good mechanical properties, and good electrical conductivity.
  • the positive current collector is subjected to passivation, punching, grinding or weak acid etching, and the treated positive current collector has a large specific surface area, which is favorable for improving the composite of the positive current collector and the conductive film. To the extent that the contact internal resistance between the positive electrode sheet and the composite current collector is reduced.
  • the positive current collector is subjected to passivation treatment, and its main purpose is to form a passivated oxide film on the surface of the positive current collector, thereby stably collecting and conducting during charging and discharging of the battery.
  • Positive set The fluid passivation treatment method includes a chemical passivation treatment or an electrochemical passivation treatment.
  • the chemical passivation treatment comprises oxidizing the positive electrode current collector by an oxidizing agent to form a passivation film on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the principle of oxidant selection is that the oxidant can form a passivation film on the surface of the positive current collector without dissolving the positive current collector.
  • the oxidizing agent is selected from, but not limited to, concentrated nitric acid or sorghum sulfate (C e(S 04) 2 ).
  • the chemical passivation treatment step is: placing the positive current collector in the oxidant solution for 0.5-1 hour to form a passivation film on the surface of the positive current collector, and finally taking out the positive current collector for cleaning and drying.
  • the electrochemical passivation treatment includes electrochemically oxidizing the positive electrode current collector or charging and discharging the battery containing the positive electrode current collector to form a passivation film on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive current collector is electrochemically oxidized directly, i.e., pre-passivated prior to use of the positive current collector for battery assembly.
  • a positive current collector as a working electrode
  • a suitable counter electrode and a reference electrode are selected to form a three-electrode system, and the positive current collector is oxidized; the applied voltage is 2. 1 2.4V.
  • the positive current collector may be a metal such as metallic aluminum; the positive current collector may also be an alloy such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
  • the two-electrode system using the positive current collector as the working electrode can also be used to oxidize the positive current collector, and the applied voltage is 2. 1 to 2.4V.
  • the battery containing the positive current collector can be charged and discharged to achieve the purpose of passivating the positive current collector.
  • the voltage is charged to 2. 1 ⁇ 2.4V during charging, and the voltage is discharged during discharge. 1.35 ⁇ 1.45V, the number of charge and discharge is not less than 1.
  • the thickness of the positive current collector has a certain influence on the electrochemical performance of the positive electrode.
  • the thickness of the positive current collector is too thin, which will affect the mechanical strength of the positive current collector.
  • the thickness of the positive current collector is too thick, which will increase the weight of the positive electrode and affect the positive electrode.
  • Energy density in the present invention, in order to make the battery have a high energy density output, it is preferable that the positive electrode current collector has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the composite current collector for use in the present invention, the composite current collector further includes a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector. That is, the positive current collector is coated with a conductive film capable of conducting electricity, and the material of the conductive film must be stable in the electrolyte, insoluble in the electrolyte, no swelling, high voltage cannot be oxidized, and easy to process into dense, A membrane that is impervious to water and is electrically conductive.
  • the conductive film can protect the positive current collector from corrosion of the positive current collector.
  • the thickness of the conductive film In order to effectively exert the function of the conductive film, the thickness of the conductive film needs to be effectively controlled.
  • the thickness of the conductive film is too thin to be easily damaged, the uniformity of thickness is not good, and the electrolyte is easily penetrated; the conductive film is too thick to affect the conductivity.
  • the thickness of the conductive film is 10 ⁇ 2 mm, and the conductive film can not only effectively protect the positive current collector, but also reduce the between the positive electrode and the positive current collector. Contact the internal resistance to increase the energy of the battery.
  • the positive electrode current collector has opposite first and second faces.
  • the first side and the second side of the positive electrode current collector are coated with a conductive film.
  • the conductive film contains, as an essential component, a polymer having a weight specific gravity of the conductive film of 50 to 95%.
  • the polymer is selected from a thermoplastic polymer.
  • the polymer is a conductive polymer;
  • the conductive film further contains a conductive filler.
  • the choice of conductive polymer is required to be electrically conductive but electrochemically inert, i.e., not ionically conductive as a charge transfer shield.
  • the conductive polymer includes, but is not limited to, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaniline, polyacrylonitrile, polyquinoline, polyparaphenylene, and any mixture thereof.
  • the conductive polymer itself is electrically conductive, but it is also possible to dope or modify the conductive polymer to further increase its conductivity.
  • the conductive polymer is preferably polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene or polyacetylene from the viewpoint of electrical conductivity and stable use in a battery.
  • conductive fillers require small surface area, difficulty in oxidation, high crystallinity, conductivity, and electrochemical inertness, i.e., ion conduction that does not act as a charge transfer shield.
  • Materials for the conductive filler include, but are not limited to, conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, or metal oxides.
  • the percentage of the conductive filler in the conductive film ranges from 5 to 50%.
  • the average particle diameter of the conductive filler is not particularly limited and is usually in the range of 100 nm to 100 nm.
  • the conductive filler is a carbon-based material, and the morphology or mechanical properties of the carbon-based material are not particularly required.
  • the carbon-based material is selected from one of graphite, carbon nanotubes or amorphous carbon.
  • Amorphous carbon includes, but is not limited to, activated carbon and carbon black.
  • the carbon-based material is preferably carbon black and graphite, which has a large potential window, and is stable to a wide range of positive and negative potentials and has high conductivity.
  • Metal oxides include, but are not limited to, lead oxide, tin oxide.
  • the polymer in the conductive film preferably contains a non-conductive polymer that functions as a conductive filler.
  • the non-conductive polymer enhances the bonding of the conductive filler and improves the reliability of the battery.
  • the non-conductive polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.
  • thermoplastic polymers include, but are not limited to, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene.
  • polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene.
  • ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, styrene butadiene rubber or polyvinylidene fluoride are preferred. These polymers are easily melted by heat, and thus are easily compounded with the cathode current collector and the positive electrode sheet.
  • the conductive film can be formed by preparing a slurry containing a thermoplastic polymer and coating and curing the slurry.
  • the conductive filler may be additionally included in the slurry.
  • the polymer and the conductive filler are processed in a certain composite manner such as dispersion compounding and layer-level compounding to obtain a conductive film having electrical conductivity.
  • the polymer monomer and the conductive filler are mixed. Since the polymer monomer is a small molecule, the conductive filler can be well dispersed in the polymer monomer, and then the polymer monomer is polymerized under the action of the initiator. , preparing a conductive film.
  • the conductive film is bonded to the positive electrode current collector by hot press lamination, vacuuming or spraying.
  • the hot press compounding is to heat the polymer at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer in the conductive film, so that the polymer material in the conductive film is softened and adhered to the positive current collector, while applying a certain pressure, the pressure is not Particularly limited, the main purpose is to make the bonding between the conductive film and the positive current collector more compact.
  • the conductive film can be made into a bag of predetermined size and three-side sealing, and then the cut positive current collector is placed in a conductive film bag, and the conductive film is tightly closed by vacuuming and sealing. Coated on the positive current collector.
  • a slurry containing a thermoplastic polymer is prepared, and then the slurry is uniformly sprayed on the positive electrode current collector. After the slurry is cooled and solidified, the positive electrode current collector is coated with a conductive film.
  • the slurry containing the electrode active shield is directly coated on the current collector in a certain manner.
  • the positive electrode sheet in preparing the positive electrode, can be bonded to the composite current collector by hot pressing and bonding, so that not only the process of preparing the battery can be completed, but also the production efficiency is improved, and the positive electrode sheet is disposed.
  • the conductive film between the positive electrode current collectors is advantageous for improving the contact internal resistance between the positive electrode sheets and the positive electrode current collector, and the battery has good consistency.
  • the electrochemical shield is a second metal
  • the second metal is oxidatively soluble to a second metal ion and the second metal ion is reversibly reduced to a second metal.
  • the negative electrode further includes a negative electrode additive
  • the negative electrode additive includes a ruthenium compound
  • the manner in which the ruthenium compound is added to the negative electrode may be slightly different depending on the negative electrode.
  • the method of addition may be selected from physical or chemical methods including, but not limited to, suspension coating, vacuum plating, magnetron sputtering; chemical methods including electrochemical plating, and the like.
  • the negative electrode comprises only the negative current collector, and the negative current collector acts only as a carrier for electron conduction and collection and does not participate in the electrochemical reaction.
  • the anode current collector is a carrier for charging and discharging the anode.
  • the manner in which the ruthenium compound is added to the negative electrode includes, but is not limited to, adding a ruthenium compound to the dispersant to form a dispersion, coating the dispersion on the negative electrode collector, and finally removing the dispersant.
  • the material of the anode current collector is selected from at least one of metal Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Mn, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or single shield silicon, or carbon based material, wherein carbon
  • the base material comprises a graphite material, such as a commercial graphite pressed foil, wherein the weight ratio of graphite ranges from 90 to 100%.
  • the material of the negative current collector may also be selected from stainless steel or passivated stainless steel. Stainless steels include, but are not limited to, stainless steel mesh and stainless steel foil. Similarly, stainless steel models can be 300 series stainless steel, such as stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 3 16 or stainless steel 3 16L.
  • the anode current collector may be selected from a metal containing a plating/coating having a high hydrogen evolution potential, thereby reducing the occurrence of negative side reactions.
  • the plating/coating is selected from at least one of a single shield, an alloy, or an oxide containing C, Sn, In, Ag, Pb, Co.
  • the thickness of the plating/coating ranges from 1 to 1000 nm.
  • Tin, lead or silver is plated on the surface of the negative current collector of copper foil or graphite foil.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active shield supported on the negative electrode current collector in addition to the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active shield is a carrier for charging and discharging the negative electrode.
  • the negative active shield is a second metal and the second metal includes a single shield.
  • the negative active agent shield is Zn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Sn or Pb.
  • the negative active material shield corresponds to metal Zn.
  • the negative electrode includes a brass foil and a zinc foil, the brass foil serves as a negative electrode current collector, and the zinc foil corresponds to a negative electrode active material shield, which can participate in a negative electrode reaction.
  • the negative current collector can refer to the first preferred embodiment, and details are not described herein again!
  • the second metal is present in the form of a sheet or a powder.
  • the second metal piece When the second metal piece is used as the negative electrode active shield, the second metal piece forms a composite layer with the negative electrode current collector.
  • the manner in which the ruthenium compound is added to the negative electrode includes, but is not limited to, adding the ruthenium compound to the dispersant to prepare a dispersion, coating the dispersion on the second metal piece, and finally removing the dispersant.
  • the manner in which the antimony compound is added to the negative electrode includes, but is not limited to, mixing the antimony compound and the second metal powder into a slurry, and then coating the slurry on the negative electrode set. A negative electrode is formed on the fluid.
  • the negative electrode conductive agent and the negative electrode binder may be added as needed to improve the performance of the negative electrode.
  • the second metal piece is directly used as the negative electrode, and the second metal piece serves as both the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material shield. At this time, the second metal piece is a carrier for charging and discharging the negative electrode.
  • the manner in which the ruthenium compound is added to the negative electrode includes, but is not limited to, adding the ruthenium compound to the dispersant to form a dispersion, coating the dispersion on the second metal piece, and finally removing the dispersant.
  • a ruthenium compound is added to the negative electrode and the electrolyte.
  • the cerium compound is selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide and/or cerium nitrate.
  • the dose of the ruthenium compound used in the negative electrode is preferably as follows:
  • cerium nitrate accounts for 0.1 to 10% of the total weight of the negative electrode.
  • the negative electrode may also include a negative electrode modifier. Unlike in the electrolyte, the negative electrode modifier is attached to the surface of the negative electrode. When the negative electrode modifier is attached to the surface of the negative electrode, it is preferred to apply a negative electrode modifier on the surface of the negative electrode to form a coating layer, i.e., the negative electrode modifier is contained in the coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode.
  • the negative electrode modifier may be added to the dispersant to form a dispersion system, and the dispersion system may be directly coated on the surface of the negative electrode, and then dried.
  • the content of the negative electrode modifier in the dispersion is less than 20% by weight. This facilitates the coating operation and improves the coating effect.
  • the coating layer has a thickness of 5 to 40 ⁇ m. This can effectively avoid the reduction of ion migration efficiency.
  • the coating layer further includes a second metal ion, that is, a negative electrode modifier and a salt of the second metal ion are coated together on the surface of the negative electrode, specifically a salt of the negative electrode modifier and the second metal ion. Disperse together in a dispersing agent to form a dispersion system, apply the dispersion system to the surface of the negative electrode, and then dry it for thousands.
  • a second metal ion that is, a negative electrode modifier and a salt of the second metal ion are coated together on the surface of the negative electrode, specifically a salt of the negative electrode modifier and the second metal ion.
  • the addition of the second metal ion can effectively improve the conduction of the second metal ion.
  • the thickness of the coating layer is preferably 20 to 1000 ⁇ m. Since the negative electrode modifier is attached to the surface of the negative electrode, the generation of dendrites is effectively suppressed, and the battery is enhanced. The safety performance; at the same time, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the side reaction between the electrolyte and the negative electrode can be effectively suppressed, and the gas generated by the negative electrode is avoided.
  • the battery can be free of diaphragms.
  • a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the electrolyte it is preferred to provide a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the electrolyte.
  • the diaphragm can avoid short circuits caused by the connection of positive and negative electrodes caused by other unexpected factors.
  • the separator of the present invention is not particularly required as long as it is a separator which allows the electrolyte to pass through and is electrically insulated.
  • Various separators for organic lithium ion batteries can be applied to the present invention.
  • the separator may also be other materials such as microporous ceramic separators.
  • the invention also provides a battery, in particular, the battery is a water-based bipolar battery structure.
  • the battery is a water-based bipolar battery structure.
  • the water-based bipolar battery will be described below by a specific embodiment.
  • the battery 20 includes a positive extraction electrode 22, at least one bipolar electrode 24, a negative extraction electrode 26, and an electrolyte 28.
  • the positive extraction electrode 22, the bipolar electrode 24 and the negative extraction electrode 26 are stacked, the positive extraction electrode 22 and the negative extraction electrode 26 are located at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, respectively, and the bipolar electrode 24 and the electrolyte 28 are disposed at the positive extraction electrode 22 Between the negative extraction electrode 26.
  • battery 20 includes two bipolar electrodes 24.
  • the positive extraction electrode 22 includes a positive electrode current collector 30 and a positive electrode sheet 23 disposed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 30.
  • the positive electrode sheet 23 includes a positive electrode active material shield 50, and the positive electrode active material shield 50 is capable of reversibly extracting-embedding the first metal ion.
  • the positive electrode sheet 23 further includes an electrochemically inert carrier 2, and the positive electrode active agent shield 50 is formed on the carrier.
  • the positive current collector 30, the positive active material shield 50, and the carrier 2 have been previously described, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bipolar electrode 24 constituting a battery 20, the bipolar electrode 24 including a bipolar current collector 32 and a positive electrode tab 23, and the bipolar current collector 32 has a first surface 321 and a first surface The two faces 322 and the positive electrode tab 23 are disposed on the first face 321 of the bipolar current collector 32.
  • the first face 321 and the second face 322 of the bipolar current collector 32 have opposite polarities, the first face 321 corresponds to the positive electrode, and the second face 322 corresponds to the negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode sheet 23 is attached to the bipolar current collector 32 in a certain manner, such as lamination, pressing, bonding or hot pressing, etc.
  • the carrier 2 and the positive active material shield 50 in the positive electrode sheet 23 have been described in detail above, here No longer.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector 32 may be a conductive plastic.
  • the bipolar current collector 32 has a thickness ranging from 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the conductive plastic is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers.
  • the conductive polymer includes, but is not limited to, at least one of polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaniline, polyquinoline or polyparaphenylene.
  • the conductive polymer itself is electrically conductive, but the conductive polymer can also be doped or modified to further increase its electrical conductivity.
  • the conductive plastic may also be a composite conductive plastic, and the composite conductive plastic is mainly composed of a polymer and is prepared by incorporating a conductive agent therein.
  • the composite conductive plastic is not limited.
  • the conductivity is mainly achieved by a conductive agent.
  • the conductive plastic includes a polymer and a conductive agent
  • the polymer includes but is not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, At least one of polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, styrene butadiene rubber or fluororesin.
  • the polymer may be polytetrafluoroethylene in a fluororesin or a copolymer such as a copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • the conductive agent includes a carbon-based material, a metal or a metal oxide.
  • the percentage of shield of conductive agent in conductive plastic ranges from 10-90%.
  • the carbon-based material is selected from one of graphite, carbon nanotubes, or amorphous carbon.
  • Amorphous carbon includes, but is not limited to, activated carbon and carbon black.
  • the form of the metal is not limited and may be metal powder, metal foil, metal wire, metal fiber.
  • Metal oxides include, but are not limited to, lead oxide, tin oxide.
  • the conductive plastic obtained by processing the polymer and the conductive agent in a certain composite manner, such as dispersion compounding and layer-level compounding.
  • the material of the bipolar current collector 32 may also be stainless steel or passivated stainless steel.
  • the mechanical properties of the stainless steel are superior to those of the conductive plastic. Therefore, when stainless steel is used as the bipolar current collector 32, the bipolar current collector 32
  • the thickness can be thinner. Specifically, the thickness of the bipolar current collector 32 ranges from 20 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the method of passivation treatment of stainless steel is not limited and may be physical method passivation, chemical method passivation or electrochemical method passivation.
  • the purpose of passivation is to improve the compatibility of the bipolar current collector 32 with the electrolyte 28, thereby reducing the occurrence of side reactions and making the battery have stable cycle performance.
  • the mechanical properties of the bipolar current collector 32 constituting the bipolar electrode 24 are not required to be high, that is, a light weight conductive plastic or a thinner stainless steel can be used as the bipolar current collecting.
  • Body 32 the overall weight of battery 20 is reduced, so the energy density of battery 20 is significantly improved.
  • the negative extraction electrode 26 is selected from a metal, alloy or carbon based material.
  • the negative extraction electrode 26 is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of the alloys containing the above metal, Or at least one of graphite foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or tin-plated copper, or brass.
  • the negative extraction electrode 26 may also be selected from a metal containing a plating/coating having a high hydrogen evolution potential, thereby reducing the occurrence of negative side reactions.
  • the plating/coating layer is selected from at least one of a single shield, an alloy, or an oxide containing C, Sn, In, Ag, Pb, Co, Zn.
  • the thickness of the plating/coating ranges from 1 to 1000 nm.
  • the surface of the copper negative extraction electrode 26 is plated with lead or silver, or coated with a layer of carbon.
  • the positive current collector 30 and the negative extraction electrode 26 have a thickness ranging from 1 to 10 mm.
  • the negative extraction electrode 26 and the negative electrode described above, that is, the negative extraction electrode 26 may not participate in the electrode reaction only as a substrate for electron collection and conduction, or the negative extraction electrode 26 includes a negative current collector and a negative active material shield, such as the negative extraction electrode 26 Brass foil and zinc foil, zinc foil is consistent with the anode active shield.
  • the electrolyte 28 is disposed between the positive extraction electrode 22 and the negative extraction electrode 26, and the positive extraction electrode 22, the bipolar electrode 24, and the negative extraction electrode 26 are stacked, and when the bipolar electrode 24 in the battery 20 is one, it is taken out.
  • An electrolyte 28 is disposed between the electrode 22 and the adjacent bipolar electrode 24, between the bipolar electrode 24, and the adjacent negative extraction electrode 26.
  • An electrolyte 28 is disposed between the extraction electrodes 26.
  • the electrolyte 28 has been described above and will not be described here.
  • the battery 20 further includes an additive added to the negative extraction electrode 26 and/or the electrolyte 28, the additive being antimony trioxide and/or neodymium nitrate.
  • the battery 20 further comprises a negative electrode modifier added to the negative extraction electrode 26 and/or the electrolyte 28, the negative electrode modifier being selected from the group consisting of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, paste One or several of sperm and cyclodextrin.
  • a negative electrode modifier added to the negative extraction electrode 26 and/or the electrolyte 28, the negative electrode modifier being selected from the group consisting of gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ether and soluble salts thereof, paste One or several of sperm and cyclodextrin.
  • the battery 20 of the first embodiment further includes a diaphragm 34 disposed between the positive extraction electrode 22 and the adjacent bipolar electrode 24, between the bipolar electrode 24 and the adjacent negative extraction electrode 26,
  • the middle battery 20 includes two bipolar electrodes 24, and therefore, a diaphragm 34 is also disposed between adjacent bipolar electrodes 24.
  • the diaphragm 34 is used to hold the electrolyte 28, on the other hand the diaphragm 34 prevents battery 20 from being shorted.
  • the separator 34 may use a porous separator, a nonwoven fabric or a glass fiber.
  • the porous membrane includes, but is not limited to, one of Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), polyimide, or a laminated separator of PE-PP, PP-PE-PP.
  • Non-woven fabrics include, but are not limited to, rayon, acetate, nylon.
  • the impregnation amount of the electrolytic solution 28 in the separator 34 may be within the holding ability of the separator 34 or may exceed the holding range because the battery 20 is provided with the sealing portion 36 to prevent the electrolyte 28 from leaking.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector 32 is provided with a sealing portion 36 for sealing the electrolyte 28, and is not particularly limited.
  • the sealing portion 36 can be sealed with a sealing cymbal.
  • the shape of the sealing cymbal is preferably rectangular, and the sealing material is selected as long as it is An excellent sealing effect can be achieved in the use environment of the battery 20.
  • the material of the sealing portion 36 is rubber.
  • the rubber is selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, olefin rubber, and nitrile rubber.
  • the olefin rubber includes but is not limited to styrene-butadiene. Rubber (SBR), neoprene (CR;). These rubber-based resins for sealing have good sealing properties (liquid tightness), acid and alkali resistance, chemical resistance, durability, weather resistance, and heat resistance, and can be maintained for a long period of time in the environment in which the battery 20 is used.
  • the excellent performance is not deteriorated, so that the electrolyte 28 can be effectively prevented from oozing out of the battery 20, thereby preventing the battery 20 from being short-circuited due to the leakage of the electrolyte 28, and ensuring the cycle stability of the battery 20.
  • the sealing portion 36 is sealed with a sealing jaw
  • the area of the diaphragm 34 is smaller than the surrounding area of the sealing jaw, and the height of the sealing jaw is not less than the sum of the thicknesses of the diaphragm 34 and the positive electrode sheet 23, when assembling the battery,
  • the diaphragm 34 impregnated with the electrolyte 28 is placed in the crucible of the sealing crucible, and the diaphragm 34 does not participate in the sealing, so that the leakage of the electrolyte 28 which may be caused by the porous diaphragm is avoided.
  • the area of the diaphragm 34 may be larger than the surrounding area of the sealing portion 36 provided at the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar electrode 24, as long as the diaphragm 34 and the sealing portion 36 are finally integrally formed, the electrolyte 28 is not leaked.
  • the bipolar electrodes 24 are stacked between the positive extraction electrode 22 and the negative extraction electrode 26.
  • the electrons are only led out or introduced from the positive extraction electrode 22 and the negative extraction electrode 26.
  • the battery 20 is equivalent to three.
  • the battery cells 38 are internally connected in series, and each of the battery cells 38 has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
  • the electrolyte 28 is sealed by the sealing portion 36 to avoid short circuit between the battery cells 38 due to leakage of the electrolyte 28. In order to ensure the normal operation of the battery 20.
  • one of the battery cells 38 includes a positive current collector 30, a positive electrode tab 23, a diaphragm 34, The electrolyte 28, the sealing portion 36, and the second face 322 of the bipolar current collector 32 as a negative electrode.
  • the sealing portion 36 serves to seal the electrolyte 28 in each of the battery cells 38 to avoid short circuiting of the battery 20 due to leakage of the electrolyte 28.
  • the battery 20 shown in FIG. 3 includes only two bipolar electrodes 24, but actually the number of bipolar electrodes 24 in the battery 20 can be easily set according to the use requirements, thereby preparing batteries having different output voltages. As well as batteries having a high output voltage, the battery provided by the present invention has a wide range of uses.
  • the battery can be prepared by lamination. Specifically, a rectangular sealing crucible is laminated on the negative extraction electrode, and the sealing crucible is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the negative extraction electrode, and then sealed in the crucible. A separator impregnated with an electrolyte is placed in the crucible, and the bipolar electrode and the positive extraction electrode are sequentially laminated, and the electrode active shield in the extraction electrode and the bipolar electrode is simultaneously placed toward the negative extraction electrode, and the electrolyte is sealed through the sealing crucible.
  • the number of bipolar electrodes determines the final output voltage of the battery. Therefore, the number of bipolar electrodes can be set according to the use requirements, and the battery has a wide range of uses.
  • the battery 20 which is laminated and sealed is sealed with a sealing material or a casing to complete the production of the battery 20.
  • the material of the encapsulating material or the outer casing is preferably a metal material coated with a polymer or the like, such as a metal coated with a polypropylene film, and the metal includes but is not limited to aluminum, stainless steel, nickel or copper.
  • the charging and discharging principle of the water-based bipolar battery 20 provided by the present invention is as follows:
  • a battery unit 38 a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly extracting and embedding a first metal ion in the positive electrode sheet 23 during charging
  • the first metal ion is removed from the shield 50, and the second metal ion in the electrolyte 28 is reduced in electrons on the second side 322 of the bipolar current collector 32 and deposited on the second side 322 to form a negative active shield.
  • the second metal ion is electron-reduced on the negative extraction electrode 26 and deposited on the negative extraction electrode 26.
  • the discharge process is the reverse of charging.
  • the bipolar electrode 24 constituting the battery 20 is provided with the positive electrode tab 23 only on the first surface 321 of the bipolar current collector 32, and the second surface 322 of the bipolar current collector 32 is equivalent to the negative electrode.
  • the electron reduction-deposition of the two metal ions provides a substrate, and the second metal ion is present in the electrolyte 28, and the electrode active is disposed on the first face 321 and the second face 322 of the bipolar current collector 32 in the prior art.
  • the battery 20 of the present invention is more compact in structure, and the battery 20 has excellent energy density and power density.
  • the battery 20 for use in the present invention is more safe and environmentally friendly than the lithium ion battery which is currently commercialized with an organic electrolyte.
  • the battery 20 in the present invention is equivalent to if thousands of battery cells 38 are formed in series, each battery cell The element 38 is well sealed by the sealing portion 36, thereby preventing a short circuit due to leakage of the electrolyte 28. Further, the battery of the present invention can prevent a short circuit between the battery cells 38 without providing a special leak-proof member or an insulating member, thereby providing a bipolar battery having excellent ion conductivity and charge and discharge performance. In addition, different numbers of bipolar electrodes 24 can be set according to the use requirements, thereby preparing batteries 20 having different output voltages, and the battery 20 is very versatile.
  • Embodiment 2 provides a battery 100 including a positive extraction electrode 40, at least one bipolar electrode 24, a negative extraction electrode 26, and an electrolyte 28.
  • the bipolar electrodes 24 are stacked between the positive extraction electrode 40 and the negative extraction electrode 26, and the positive extraction electrode 40 and the negative extraction electrode 26 are located at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, respectively.
  • the positive extraction electrode 40 includes a composite current collector and a positive electrode sheet 23 disposed on the surface of the composite current collector 30.
  • the composite current collector includes a positive electrode current collector 30 and a conductive film coated on the positive electrode current collector 30. 12.
  • the conductive film 12 may be coated on one or both sides of the positive electrode current collector 30 by vacuuming, hot pressing, or spraying, and then the positive electrode sheet 23 is bonded to the composite current collector, and the thickness of the conductive film 12 is 0.01 - 0.2 mm. Specifically, in Fig. 5, the positive electrode current collector 30 is coated with a conductive film 12 on both sides.
  • the material of the conductive film 12 has also been described in detail above, and will not be described here.
  • the conductive film 12 can reduce the contact resistance between the positive electrode current collector 30 and the positive electrode tab 23; on the other hand, the conductive film 12 coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 30 avoids the positive electrode current collector 30 and the electrolyte
  • the direct contact avoids the potential corrosion of the positive electrode current collector 30 by the electrolyte 28, ensures the stability of the positive current collector 30, and improves the possible self-discharge problem of the battery 100, thereby enabling the battery 100 to have stable cycle performance.
  • the battery unit 38 is sealed by a sealing portion 36 which is provided at the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector 32 for sealing the electrolyte 28.
  • the remaining configuration and assembly manner of the battery 100 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described here.
  • the battery 100 provided in the second embodiment and the positive electrode current collector 30 coated with the conductive film 12 prevent the potential corrosion of the positive electrode current collector 30 by the electrolyte 28, so that the battery 100 has high output voltage, safety, environmental protection, etc.
  • the cycle stability performance of the battery 100 is further improved.
  • Embodiment 3 provides a battery 200 including a positive extraction electrode 22 , At least one bipolar electrode 24, a negative extraction electrode 26, and an electrolyte 28.
  • the bipolar electrodes 24 are stacked between the positive extraction electrode 22 and the negative extraction electrode 26, and the positive extraction electrode 22 and the negative extraction electrode 26 are located at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, respectively.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the battery 200 does not include a diaphragm.
  • a battery unit (not shown) is sealed by a sealing portion 36 which is provided at the outer peripheral portion of the bipolar current collector 32 for sealing the electrolytic solution 28.
  • the sealing portion 36 can be sealed with a sealing cymbal having a height greater than the thickness of the positive electrode sheet 23, and by a sealing ridge having a certain height, between the positive electrode 22 and the adjacent bipolar electrode 24 and the bipolar The electrode 24 is maintained at a distance from the adjacent negative extraction electrode 26 to avoid shorting of the battery 200.
  • the sealing portion 36 is also provided between the adjacent bipolar electrodes 24.
  • the positive extraction electrode 22, the bipolar electrode 24, and the negative extraction electrode 26 prepared in accordance with a predetermined specification may be first arranged and sealed.
  • the positive electrode tabs 22 on the positive electrode 22 and the bipolar electrode 24 are simultaneously aligned toward the negative extraction electrode 26, and the sealing portion 36 can be provided with a rubber material having a thickness higher than that of the positive electrode sheet 23, such as a sealing port.
  • the sealing portion 36 can also be made of a thermoplastic rubber material, and in the preliminary sealing, it can be only on the periphery of the three sides of the bipolar current collector 32.
  • thermoplastic rubber material is disposed, and one side of the opening is left. After the positive electrode 22, the bipolar electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 are arranged, the rubber is solidified by heating or heating, and then injected through the unsealed side. The amount of electrolyte 28 is finally completely sealed.
  • the remaining configuration and assembly manner of the battery 200 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described here again.
  • the battery 200 in the third embodiment has no diaphragm, and the battery 200 not only provides normal and continuous operation, but also has a higher energy density and specific power due to lighter weight. Further, in the preparation of the battery 200, the sealing portion 36 can be easily formed to prevent a short circuit due to leakage of the electrolytic solution 28. The battery 200 prevents short circuits between the battery cells even if no special leakage preventing member is provided, and the battery 200 has excellent cycle performance and cycle life.
  • Embodiment 4 provides a battery 300 including a positive extraction electrode 40, at least one bipolar electrode 24, a negative extraction electrode 26, and an electrolyte 28.
  • the bipolar electrodes 24 are stacked between the positive extraction electrode 40 and the negative extraction electrode 26, and the positive extraction electrode 40 and the negative extraction electrode 26 are located at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, respectively.
  • the battery 200 does not include a diaphragm.
  • the conductive film 12 formed on the positive electrode current collector 30 isolates the contact between the positive electrode current collector 30 and the electrolyte 28, thereby improving the stability of the positive electrode current collector 30, thereby ensuring stable cycle performance of the battery 300.
  • the battery 300 which does not use a diaphragm, is lighter in weight and provides excellent performance while being convenient for the user to carry.
  • the current collector in the bipolar electrode can be made of a conductive plastic or a thin stainless steel, and the weight of the battery is lighter while ensuring the normal operation of the battery, so that the battery of the present invention has an energy density and Secondly, the battery uses an electrolyte, the electrolyte has a relatively higher ionic conductivity, and improves the rate performance of the battery; the battery is safe to use, environmentally friendly, and the manufacturing process is simple, during the preparation process, According to the use requirements, batteries with different output voltages are prepared, and the batteries are widely used, and have industrial application prospects.
  • the invention provides a battery containing a bipolar electrode, which only combines a positive electrode sheet on one side of the bipolar electrode, and the second surface of the bipolar current collector in the bipolar electrode has no negative electrode active shield before the battery is first charged and discharged.
  • the second metal ion is present in the electrolyte, and is deposited on the first side of the bipolar current collector when the battery is charged, and the battery has excellent cycle performance.
  • the battery is made of an electrolyte, and the battery of the present invention is safer and more environmentally friendly than a lithium ion battery using an organic electrolyte.
  • batteries with different output voltages and high output voltages can be prepared by setting the number of bipolar electrodes. The battery is widely used and the process cartridge is prepared, and the battery has commercial application potential.
  • the present invention also provides a battery, and in particular, the battery has an internal parallel structure.
  • the battery having the internal parallel structure will be further explained below by way of a specific embodiment.
  • a battery 400 includes a positive electrode 42, two negative electrodes 44, and an electrolyte 28.
  • the positive electrode 42 is disposed between the two negative electrodes 44, and the two negative electrodes 44 share the positive electrode 42 and the negative electrode 44 and the positive electrode 42.
  • An electrolyte 28 is provided between them.
  • the positive electrode 42 includes a composite current collector including a positive electrode current collector 30 and a conductive film 12 coated on the positive electrode current collector 30, and the positive electrode sheet 23 includes a positive active material shield 50, and the positive active material shield can be reversibly released. - Embedding the first metal ion.
  • the composite current collector has opposite first and second faces, and the positive electrode tab 23 is disposed on the first face and the second face.
  • the positive electrode sheet 23 includes an electrochemically inert carrier, and the positive electrode active shield 50 is formed on the carrier, and the positive active material shield 50 and the carrier have been described above, and will not be described again here.
  • the first surface and the second surface on the positive current collector 30 are simultaneously coated with the conductive film 12 as shown in FIG. Then, the positive electrode sheet 23 is bonded to the conductive film 12 of the composite current collector in a certain manner, such as thermocompression bonding, bonding, lamination or pressing.
  • the conductive film 12 may be coated on the positive electrode current collector 30 by vacuuming, hot pressing, or spraying.
  • the positive electrode current collector 30 is placed between the two conductive films 12, and the conductive film 12 is heated and composited.
  • the positive electrode current collector 30 is coated, and the portion of the conductive film 12 that is more than the positive electrode current collector 30 is sealed, and the thickness of the conductive film 12 coated on one side of the positive electrode current collector 30 is 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive film is described in detail above and will not be described here.
  • the negative electrode 44 is selected from a metal, alloy or carbon-based material.
  • the anode 44 is selected from at least one of metal Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al or passivated metal, or at least one of alloys containing the above metals, or graphite. At least one of foil, graphite sheet, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon fiber, or tin-plated copper, or brass.
  • the electrolyte 28 has been previously described and will not be described again.
  • the battery 400 of the fifth embodiment differs from the battery 20 mainly in that the battery 400 has an internal parallel structure. Therefore, the basic composition of the battery will not be described here.
  • the battery 400 of the fifth embodiment further includes a diaphragm 34 disposed between the positive electrode 42 and the negative electrode 44.
  • the diaphragm 34 prevents the battery 400 from being short-circuited; on the other hand, the diaphragm 34 can maintain the electrolyte 28, specifically, After the negative electrode 44, the separator 34, the positive electrode 42, the separator 34, and the negative electrode 44 are arranged, they are placed in a package casing, and a certain amount of electrolyte 28 is injected and packaged, and the separator 34 is immersed in the electrolyte 28, that is, the separator 34 is absorbed.
  • the electrolyte 28 ensures the ion conduction path between the positive electrode 42 and the negative electrode 44; in addition, the separator 34 may be first immersed in the electrolyte 28, and then the separator 34 absorbing the electrolyte 28 is placed on the positive electrode. Between 42 and the negative electrode 44.
  • the separator 34 may use a porous separator, a nonwoven fabric or a glass fiber.
  • the porous membrane includes, but is not limited to, one of Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), polyimide, or a laminated separator of PE-PP, PP-PE-PP.
  • Non-woven fabrics include, but are not limited to, rayon, acetate, nylon.
  • the impregnation amount of the electrolyte 28 in the separator may be within the holding capacity of the separator or may exceed the holding range because the battery 400 is provided with a package casing to prevent leakage of the electrolyte 28.
  • the entire sealed battery 400 is sealed with a sealing material or a casing to complete the fabrication of the battery 400.
  • the material of the encapsulating material or the outer casing is preferably a metal material coated with a polymer or the like, such as a metal coated with a polypropylene film, the metal including but not Only available in aluminum, stainless steel, nickel or copper.
  • the positive electrode 42 is stacked between the negative electrodes 44, the negative electrode 44 shares the positive electrode 42, and electrons are led or introduced from the positive current collector 30 and the negative electrode 44.
  • the battery 400 corresponds to the internal connection of the two battery cells 46. In each of the battery cells 46, there are a positive electrode 42, a negative electrode 44, an electrolyte 28, and a separator 34, and the separator 34 holds the electrolyte 28. In the battery structure provided by the present invention, since the battery cells 46 are connected in parallel, the electrolyte 28 can be shuttled in any of the battery cells 46 without causing a short circuit of the battery cells 46, and the battery 400 can operate normally and stably.
  • the present invention Compared with the battery constructed by connecting the independent battery cells in parallel in the prior art, in the present invention, only one positive electrode 42 is used to form the battery 400 having the parallel structure, and the two negative electrodes 44 share one positive electrode 42 to fully utilize the positive current collector.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the 30, and the positive electrode sheet 23 are simultaneously disposed on the first surface and the second surface, which not only saves the positive electrode material, but also makes the battery 400 more compact and reduces the weight of the battery 400, so the present invention
  • the battery 400 has excellent energy density and power density.
  • the battery 400 of the present invention uses an electrolyte 28 which is safer and more environmentally friendly than a lithium ion battery which is currently commercialized with an organic electrolyte.
  • the battery can be prepared by lamination. Specifically, the negative electrode 44, the separator 34 impregnated with the electrolyte 28, the positive electrode 42 and the negative electrode 44 are sequentially fixedly arranged, and then packaged. .
  • the battery 400 is formed by connecting two battery cells 46 in parallel. The battery unit 46 and the battery unit 46 are not provided with a sealing member.
  • the battery 400 having such an internal parallel structure can operate normally and stably, and has excellent charging and discharging performance. And the battery 400 is capable of outputting a higher capacity, and the battery 400 is widely used.
  • Embodiment 6 provides a battery 500 including two positive electrodes 42 , a negative electrode 44 and an electrolyte 28 .
  • the negative electrode 44 is disposed between the two positive electrodes 42 , and the two positive electrodes 42 share the negative electrode 44 .
  • An electrolytic solution 28 is provided between the negative electrode 44 and the positive electrode 42.
  • the material selection and preparation of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte in the sixth embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment, and are not repeated here.
  • the batteries in the fifth and sixth embodiments are equivalent to two battery cells in parallel.
  • the difference is that the battery 400 in the fifth embodiment has two negative electrodes 44 sharing one positive electrode 42, and the battery 500 in the sixth embodiment is two positive electrodes. 42 shares a negative electrode 44. Therefore, the battery provided by the present invention has a flexible choice.
  • the manufacturing process, the weight of the positive and negative electrodes, the material cost, and the like can be combined to select the production as in the fifth or sixth embodiment. Show the structure of the battery, so that the final battery is more There are cost and performance advantages.
  • the battery of the present invention has an internal parallel structure, and the battery of the present invention is more material-saving and compact and lighter than the parallel structure battery of the prior art, so that the battery of the present invention has obvious energy density and volume.
  • the battery uses electrolyte, the electrolyte has relatively higher ionic conductivity, and improves the rate performance of the battery; the battery is safe to use, environmentally friendly, and the manufacturing process is simple. In the preparation process, it can be prepared according to the use requirements.
  • the battery with different output capacity has a wide range of uses and has industrial application prospects.
  • the present invention also provides a battery 600 comprising a positive electrode 42, a negative electrode 44 and an electrolyte 28.
  • the positive electrode 42 includes a composite current collector including a positive electrode current collector 30 and a conductive film 12 coated on the positive electrode current collector 30.
  • the positive electrode plate 23 includes a positive electrode active material shield 50, and the composite current collector has a relative arrangement. On both sides, at least one side of the composite current collector opposite to the negative electrode 44 is provided with a positive electrode sheet 23, and the positive electrode active agent shield 50 is capable of reversibly extracting-embedding the first metal ion.
  • the positive electrode 42 has been described above and will not be described here.
  • the battery includes n pairs of positive and negative electrodes, n>2, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternately arranged, the adjacent two positive electrodes 42 share the negative electrode 44 between the two positive electrodes 42, and the adjacent two negative electrodes 44 are shared by the two negative electrodes 44.
  • battery 600 includes two pairs of positive electrode 42 and negative electrode 44.
  • the positive electrode tab 23 further includes an electrochemically inert carrier.
  • the positive active material 50 is formed on the carrier.
  • the composite current collector has opposite first and second faces.
  • the positive electrode 42 is located between the two negative electrodes 44, the first and second faces of the composite current collector are oppositely disposed. Both of them are opposite to the negative electrode, so that the positive electrode sheets 23 are disposed on both sides of the composite current collector; and for the positive electrode 42 located at the outermost layer, only one side of the composite current collector is opposite to the negative electrode 44, so at least the composite current collector and the negative electrode 44
  • the positive electrode sheet 23 is provided on the opposite side, and the side of the composite current collector opposite to the negative electrode 44 is not particularly limited, and the positive electrode sheet 23 can be selectively provided according to an actual production process.
  • the battery 600 shown in FIG. 12 includes two pairs of positive electrodes 42 and negative electrodes 44, which are equivalent to three battery cells (not shown) connected in parallel, but when the battery is actually fabricated, the battery structure provided by the present invention can be easily adapted according to the use requirements.
  • Increasing the positive electrode, or the negative electrode, or the positive electrode and the negative electrode for example, superposing a negative electrode at the positive electrode of the outermost layer of the battery 600, or superposing the negative electrode and the positive electrode in turn, or superposing the positive electrode at the negative electrode of the outermost layer of the battery 600, or superposing the positive electrode and the negative electrode in this order.
  • the superposed positive and negative electrodes are alternately arranged.
  • Positive and The number of negative electrodes is determined according to the use requirements. As shown in Figure 13, although the total output voltage of the battery has not changed, the battery has a higher capacity, the battery structure is flexible, and the utility is wide, and has an industrial application prospect.
  • the battery provided by the invention can solve the problem just right.
  • the positive electrode of the battery comprises a positive electrode current collector, a conductive film and a positive electrode sheet, and the conductive film is formed on the positive electrode current collector, and the conductive film can improve the conductivity of the positive electrode current collector on the one hand, more importantly.
  • the protection of the positive current collector protects the corrosion of the positive current collector by the neutral electrolyte, so that the positive current collector can stably collect and derive electrons during the discharge process, thereby ensuring stable cycle performance of the battery.
  • the battery provided has a good commercial prospect.
  • the present invention also provides a battery pack comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned batteries, specifically, a battery pack is produced by connecting two or more batteries in series, in parallel, or a combination thereof.
  • the capacity and voltage of the battery pack can be freely adjusted by series and/or parallel connection of the batteries.
  • a battery or a battery pack constructed in accordance with the present invention can be used as a power source for vehicles and transportation means such as trains, and as a sturdy/installable power source such as an uninterruptible power source.
  • An electrode sheet which is easy to process, uniform in thickness and easy to sort, has good performance consistency, and the battery using the electrode sheet has low cost, good cycle performance and high energy.
  • an electrode sheet 1 includes an electrochemically inert carrier 2 and an active shield layer 4 formed on the carrier 2.
  • the electrode sheet 1 can be applied to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery.
  • the thickness of the electrode sheet 1 ranges from 0.3 to 1.5 mm. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the electrode sheet 1 It is 0.4mm.
  • the active shield layer 4 is formed on the carrier 2, and the carrier 2 has opposite first and second faces, which are not particularly limited.
  • the active shield layer 4 may be formed on the first side or the second side, or both. Formed on the first side and the second side.
  • the electrode sheet 1 is understood to be that the electrode sheet 1 includes the necessary active shield layer 4 without including a current collector.
  • the slurry containing the active shield is directly coated on the current collector in a certain manner, and then processed into an electrode after drying.
  • the electrode prepared by this process only the weight of the entire electrode can be weighed, and considering the unevenness of the weight distribution of each region of the current collector itself, the sorting cannot be accurately measured in each electrode.
  • the weight of the active shield resulting in inconsistent capacity of each electrode, eventually leading to inconsistency of the entire battery and affecting electrification Learning performance and yield.
  • the electrode sheet 1 is separately prepared and formed by being separated from the current collector.
  • the active shield layer 4 is advantageously weighed separately, which greatly improves the battery consistency and enables The battery is easy to assemble.
  • the active shield layer 4 includes an electrode active shield, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the electrode active shield participates in the electrochemical reaction.
  • the electrode sheet 1 provided by the present invention can be applied to different types of batteries according to the difference of the electrode active shield.
  • the battery type includes a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lead-acid battery, a lithium ion battery, and the like.
  • the electrode sheet 1 is applied to the positive electrode, and the electrode active shield is a positive active material shield.
  • the positive active shield is involved in the electrochemical reaction, and the positive active agent shield accounts for 60-99% by weight of the active shield layer.
  • the surface density of the positive active active shield in the active shield layer ranges from 200 to 2000 g/m 2 .
  • the positive active shield can be reversibly extracted - embedded in the first metal ion.
  • the positive active shield can be reversibly extracted - intercalated with lithium ions, sodium ions or magnesium ions.
  • the positive active material shield has been introduced in the foregoing, and will not be described here.
  • the carrier 2 mainly functions to carry the active shield layer 4, and the carrier 2 itself is electrochemically inert. According to those skilled in the art, the electrochemical inertness, that is, the carrier 2 does not participate in any electrochemical reaction, is stably present in the electrode sheet 1, only It exists as a substrate carrying the active shield layer 4.
  • the carrier 2 is electrically insulated and has a porous structure. Specifically, the carrier 2 has a pore size ranging from 50 mesh to 200 mesh, so that not only the active shield layer 4 is adhered to, but also the carrier 2 has a certain mechanical property. On the carrier 2, the peeling resistance of the active shield layer 4 and the carrier 2 is improved, the stable operation of the electrode sheet 1 is ensured, and the transport of ions in the electrode active shield is facilitated.
  • the thickness of the carrier 2 is not particularly limited, but in order to ensure a high energy density of the electrode sheet 1, it is necessary to control the thickness of the electrode sheet 1, as the carrier 2 which is one of the electrode sheets 1, and preferably, the thickness of the carrier 2 is less than 1 mm. .
  • the carrier 2 may be a nonwoven fabric, and the nonwoven fabric is not woven and is only bonded by physical means.
  • the composition of the nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited as long as it can satisfy conditions such as electrochemical inertia.
  • the non-woven fabric is light in weight, stable in performance, easy to shape, and low in cost.
  • the nonwoven fabric is combined with the active shield layer in the electrode sheet, so that the electrode sheet 1 is lighter in weight and has stable electrochemical properties.
  • the material of the carrier 2 is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET;), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide. At least one of (PA), polyurethane (PU), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). These materials can be stably present in the electrode sheet 1 without being involved Reacts with the electrochemical and saves weight for the high energy density output of the battery.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PA polyurethane
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • a slurry containing an active agent shield is usually directly coated on a current collector, for example, in a lithium ion battery, a graphite-containing slurry is coated on a copper foil to form a negative electrode; In a lead-acid battery, a lead paste is coated on a grid to form a negative electrode.
  • the electrode prepared under this process can only weigh the weight of the whole electrode when sorting, and considering the uneven distribution of the weight distribution of each region of the current collector itself, this sorting is not accurate to measure each electrode.
  • the weight of the active shield, resulting in inconsistencies in the capacity of the electrodes ultimately leads to inconsistencies in the entire battery and affects electrochemical performance and yield.
  • the ratio of the electrode active shield, the binder and the conductive agent in the electrode sheet 1 and the active shield layer 4 provided by the present invention is exactly the same, and the electrochemically inert carrier 2 is also a material with a very high consistency.
  • the electrode sheet 1 has a very high weight consistency.
  • the slurry is formed on an electrochemically inert carrier 2 to form an active shield layer 4 which is electrically insulated and has a porous structure and is finally dried.
  • the slurry includes an electrode active shield, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the electrode active shield participates in the electrochemical reaction.
  • the electrode active agent shields the weight percentage of the active shield layer in the range of 60-99%, and the surface active density of the electrode active shield in the active shield layer ranges from 100 to 3000 g/m 2 , in order to make the battery have high energy output, preferably The surface active density of the electrode active shield in the active shield layer ranges from 200 to 2000 g/m 2 .
  • the electrode active shield, the binder and the conductive agent can be uniformly mixed with a dispersing agent including, but not limited to, water.
  • the slurry After the slurry is mixed and kneaded, it is formed on the carrier 2, and the manner of formation is not particularly limited, and includes blade coating, screen printing, or slurry drawing.
  • the slurry is applied to the carrier 2 by a puller.
  • the inside of the pulverizer has a slurry tank for accommodating the slurry, and the carrier is guided into the slurry tank through the guide roller, and the carrier is immersed in the slurry, the viscosity of the slurry is 3000-100000 mPa ⁇ s, and the carrier 2 is from the slurry tank. When pulled in, the slurry adheres to the carrier 2.
  • the thickness of the slurry can be controlled, such as a doctor blade, which scrapes off excess slurry on the carrier at a predetermined thickness, thereby achieving control of the thickness of the slurry on the carrier 2 and making the slurry on the surface of the carrier 2 more uniform.
  • the carrier 2 to which the slurry is adhered is subjected to a dry treatment.
  • the solvent in the slurry layer is removed by evaporation at normal pressure or low pressure and at ambient temperature or high temperature, and the solvent removal speed is preferably along the surface of the slurry. Keep it basically the same.
  • the drying process is carried out at a normal pressure and a temperature of 50 to 130 ° C.
  • the thus-formed electrode sheet 1 has a more uniform thickness.
  • the electrode sheet 1 is cut to the target size according to design requirements.
  • the positive active material shield LiMn 2 0 4 , the conductive agent super-p, the binder CMC, and the SBR are mixed in water as intended, and after mixing, the obtained slurry is coated on a nylon mesh. After drying at 70 ° C, a positive electrode sheet was obtained, and finally the positive electrode sheet was rolled to a predetermined thickness.
  • an electrode active material shield, a binder, a conductive agent and the like are coated on the carrier 2 on the basis of the carrier 2 which is uniform in weight and electrochemically inert, and the electrode sheet 1 having no current collector is separately produced.
  • the preparation method is simple, and in the process of preparing the electrode sheet 1, the active shield layer 4 is separately weighed and separated, and the prepared electrode sheet 1 has uniform thickness and stable performance, and the electrode containing the electrode sheet 1 has good performance. consistency. Significantly improved battery consistency and easy battery assembly.
  • an electrode 6 includes an electrode current collector 8 and an electrode sheet 1.
  • the electrode sheet 1 includes an electrochemically inert carrier 2 and an active shield layer 4 formed on the carrier 2.
  • the carrier 2 is electrically insulated and It has a porous structure.
  • the electrode current collector 8 has a conductive film 12 which is formed on the surface of the electrode current collector 8 in a certain manner, and the electrode sheet 1 is bonded to the conductive film 12 to form the electrode 10.
  • the conductive liquid film 12 is formed on opposite sides of the electrode current collector 8, and the conductive film 12 can not only reduce the contact internal resistance between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8, but also protect the electrode current collector 8. Avoid the influence of the electrolyte to ensure stable electrochemical performance of the electrode 10.
  • a method for preparing an electrode 10 comprising the steps of:
  • the electrode sheet 1, the conductive film 12 and the electrode current collector 8 are combined, and the conductive film 12 is located between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8, and the electrode sheet 1 includes an electrochemically inert carrier 2 and an active shield formed on the carrier 2.
  • Layer 4 the carrier 2 is electrically insulated and has a porous structure, and the conductive film 12 comprises a polymer.
  • the electroconductive film 12 is located between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8.
  • the electrode current collector 8 has opposite first and second faces.
  • the composite conductive film 12 may be thermally pressed only on the first side or the second side without particular limitation; or the composite conductive film 12 may be simultaneously hot pressed on the first side and the second side.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the electrode current collector 8 are sequentially combined with the conductive film 12 and the electrode sheet 1 by hot pressing.
  • the electrode 10 provided by the present invention can be a positive electrode, a negative electrode or a bipolar electrode, and can be applied to different types of batteries according to the difference of the active shield layer in the electrode sheet, for example, the battery type package Including nickel-metal hydride batteries, lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc.
  • the active shield layer 4 is formed on the carrier 2, and the carrier 2 has opposite first and second faces, which are not particularly limited, and the active shield layer 4 may be formed on the first side or the second side. The face may also be formed on the first face and the second face at the same time.
  • the carrier 2 is electrically insulated and has a porous structure.
  • the active shield layer 4 and the carrier 2 in the electrode sheet 1 have been described in detail above, and will not be described again here.
  • the conductive film 12 and the electrode current collector 8 will be separately described below.
  • a conductive film 12 capable of conducting electricity is disposed between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8.
  • the material of the conductive film 12 must be stable in the electrolyte, insoluble in the electrolyte, not swelled, and high voltage cannot be oxidized. Easy to process into a dense, watertight and electrically conductive film.
  • the conductive film 12 can protect the electrode current collector 8 from corrosion of the current collector by the electrolyte.
  • the thickness of the conductive film 12 In order to effectively exert the function of the conductive film 12, the thickness of the conductive film 12 needs to be effectively controlled.
  • the thickness of the conductive film 12 is too thin to be easily broken, the thickness uniformity is not good, and the electrolyte is easily penetrated; the conductive film 12 is too thick to affect the conductivity.
  • the thickness of the conductive film 12 is 10 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ , and the conductive film 12 can not only effectively protect the electrode current collector 8, but also reduce the contact internal resistance between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8. The energy of the battery.
  • the slurry containing the electrode active shield is directly coated on the current collector in a certain manner.
  • the electrode 10 provided by the invention directly prepares the electrode sheet 1 containing the electrode active shield, and then combines the electrode sheet 1, the conductive film 12 and the electrode current collector 8 to not only process the electrode preparation process, but also improve the production efficiency.
  • the conductive film 12 disposed between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8 is advantageous for improving the contact internal resistance between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8, and the electrode 10 has good uniformity.
  • the electrode current collector 8 has a first surface and a second surface which are disposed opposite each other.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the electrode current collector 8 are sequentially combined with the conductive film 12 and the electrode sheet 1, respectively.
  • the material of the conductive film 12 has been described above and will not be described here.
  • the electrode current collector 8 is mainly used as a carrier for conducting and collecting electrons, and the electrode current collector 8 needs to meet the requirements of a large surface area, good mechanical properties, and good electrical conductivity.
  • the material of the electrode current collector 8 includes carbon One of a base material, a metal or an alloy.
  • the carbon-based material is selected from the group consisting of glassy carbon, graphite foil, graphite flakes, foamed carbon, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and carbon fiber.
  • the positive current collector is graphite, such as a commercial graphite pressed foil, wherein the weight ratio of graphite ranges from 90 to 100%.
  • the metal is a metal mesh or a metal foil, and the metal includes one of Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Co, Ag or the above-mentioned metal which has been passivated.
  • the main purpose of passivating the metal is to form a passivation film on the surface of the metal, so as to stably collect and conduct electrons during charging and discharging of the battery, without participating in the electrode reaction, ensuring the battery. performance.
  • the alloy includes one of stainless steel, Al alloy, Ni alloy, Ti alloy, Cu alloy, Co alloy, Ti-Pt alloy, Pt-Rh alloy or passivated.
  • Stainless steel includes stainless steel mesh, stainless steel foil, and stainless steel models include, but are not limited to, stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 3 16 or stainless steel 3 16L.
  • the passivation treatment of stainless steel also enables it to stably collect and conduct electrons without participating in the electrode reaction to ensure battery performance.
  • the specific process of passivating the stainless steel is: placing the stainless steel in 20% nitric acid at 50 ° C for half an hour to form a passivation film on the surface of the stainless steel.
  • the passivated stainless steel is used as an electrode current collector.
  • the thickness of the electrode current collector 8 has an influence on the electrochemical performance of the electrode 10.
  • the thickness of the electrode current collector 8 is too thin, which affects the mechanical strength of the electrode current collector 8.
  • the thickness of the electrode current collector 8 is too thick, which increases the electrode 10
  • the weight, which affects the energy density of the electrode 10, is preferable in the present invention, in order to make the battery have a high energy density output, preferably, the electrode current collector 8 has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the electrode current collector 8 is made of stainless steel, and the stainless steel can be punched.
  • the pore size ranges from 500 ⁇ to 5 ⁇ ; the stainless steel can be polished with sandpaper to make the stainless steel surface rough; The weak acid slightly corrodes the stainless steel in order to increase the specific surface area of the stainless steel without destroying the mechanical properties of the stainless steel.
  • the treated electrode current collector 8 has a large specific surface area, which is advantageous for increasing the degree of recombination of the electrode current collector 8 and the conductive film 12, and reducing the contact internal resistance between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8.
  • the electrode sheet 1, the conductive film 12, and the electrode current collector 8 are combined by thermocompression bonding, and the thermocompression bonding is performed by heating the polymer at a glass transition temperature higher than that of the polymer in the conductive film 12.
  • the polymer material softens and reaches the state of bonding to the current collector, and a certain pressure is applied at the same time.
  • the pressure is not particularly limited, and the main purpose is to collect the electrode sheet 1, the conductive film 12 and the electrode.
  • the body 8 is more tightly bonded.
  • the temperature T of the hot press composite satisfies the following condition: T g ⁇ T ⁇ T m , where T g is the glass transition temperature of the polymer in the conductive film, and T m is the melting point of the polymer in the conductive film.
  • the preparation process of the electrode may be completed by one-step hot press bonding. Specifically, the conductive film 12 is placed between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8, and the electrode sheet 1, the conductive film 12 and the electrode set are directly directly formed by hot pressing. The fluids 8 are compounded together.
  • the preparation process of the electrode can also be completed by two-step hot press synthesis, that is, the hot press compounding includes the first step hot press compounding and the second step hot press compounding.
  • the first step of the thermocompression bonding may be to bond the conductive film 12 to the electrode current collector 8, or to bond the conductive film 12 to the electrode sheet 1.
  • the second step of hot pressing is to bond the electrode sheet 1 to the conductive film 12 or to bond the electrode current collector 8 to the conductive film 12.
  • the first step of hot press bonding is to bond the conductive film 12 to the electrode current collector 8, and more preferably, the two conductive films 12 are bonded to the first side and the second side of the electrode current collector 8, respectively.
  • the electrode current collector 8 is placed between the two conductive films 12.
  • the area of the conductive film 12 is at least equal to the area of the electrode current collector 8, so that in the first step of the thermocompression bonding process, the main component is a polymer.
  • the conductive film 12 has a certain ductility, and the rolled conductive film 12 completely covers the first surface and the second surface of the electrode current collector 8, and then the conductive film 12, the electrode current collector 8 and the conductive film 12 are compounded.
  • the conductive film 12 is preferentially bonded to the electrode current collector 8, so that the electrode current collector 8 and the conductive film 12 can be more closely combined, and the portion of the conductive film 12 beyond the electrode current collector 8 after calendering is also hot pressed in the first step.
  • the composite film is completely sealed in one body, so that the conductive film 12 protects the electrode current collector 8 from the corrosion of the electrode current collector 8 and causes self-discharge. More importantly, the conductive film 12 can better The effect of reducing the internal resistance of the contact between the electrode sheet 1 and the electrode current collector 8 is achieved.
  • the electrode sheet active layer also includes a binder polymer, and the binder polymer accounts for 0.5 to 10% by weight of the active shield layer. Since the binder polymer has a small specific gravity, the binder polymer does not change significantly during the hot press lamination process, so the morphology and performance of the electrode sheet are not affected.
  • the temperature of the hot press compounding is lower than the decomposition temperature of the binder polymer in the electrode sheet.
  • the conductive film is composited between the electrode sheet and the electrode current collector by thermocompression bonding, and the conductive film not only improves the peeling resistance between the electrode sheet and the electrode current collector, improves the stability of the electrode, but also collects the electrode sheet and the electrode. The resistance between the two is lowered, so that the battery containing the electrode has a high energy input. Out.
  • the electrode of the present invention can be optionally configured to form a positive electrode including a positive electrode sheet, a conductive film, and a positive electrode current collector by hot press bonding, or a negative electrode including a negative electrode sheet, a conductive film, and a negative electrode current collector, or a positive electrode sheet, a conductive film, The bipolar electrode of the current collector and the negative electrode sheet.
  • Zinc methanesulfonate and lithium methanesulfonate were dissolved in deionized water, and antimony trioxide was added at the same time, and it was set to 3 mol/L zinc methanesulfonate, 2 mol/L lithium methanesulfonate, and trioxide.
  • An electrolyte having a diterpene content of 1 wt% is referred to as A3.
  • the solution S1 and the solution S2 were mixed at a volume ratio of 10:90 to obtain an electrolytic solution, which was designated as A5.
  • Example a7 The difference from the embodiment a5 is that the volume ratio of the solution S1 to the solution S2 is 25:75, which is referred to as A6.
  • Example a7 The difference from the embodiment a5 is that the volume ratio of the solution S1 to the solution S2 is 25:75, which is referred to as A6.
  • Example a7 The difference from the embodiment a5 is that the volume ratio of the solution S1 to the solution S2 is 25:75, which is referred to as A6.
  • Example a7 The difference from the embodiment a5 is that the volume ratio of the solution S1 to the solution S2 is 25:75, which is referred to as A6.
  • Example a5 The difference from Example a5 is that the volume ratio of the solution S1 to the solution S2 is 50:50, which is referred to as A7.
  • Example a8 The difference from Example a5 is that the volume ratio of the solution S1 to the solution S2 is 90:10, which is referred to as A8. Comparative ratio acl
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC are mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry, and the positive electrode slurry is coated on the coated conductive film.
  • the positive current collector 50 ⁇ stainless steel mesh
  • the positive current collector forms an active shield layer on both sides, which is then tableted and cut into 8x10cm (test gas content) or 6x6cm (for testing other battery performance) size, made into positive electrode, positive electrode
  • the thickness was 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active shield density was 750 g/m 2 .
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm with a diaphragm and negative electrode size comparable to the positive pole.
  • the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator were assembled into a battery with the electrolytes A1-A8 and AC1, respectively.
  • the obtained batteries are denoted as B1-B8 and BC1, respectively.
  • the electrolytes A1-A4 and AC1 were placed at -20 ° C for 12 h, and the electrolyte was taken out to observe whether the electrolyte was frozen.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the batteries B1 and BC1 were allowed to stand at 60 ° C for 1 day to collect the amount of gas generated by the battery.
  • the results are shown in Figure 17.
  • the dots represent the battery BC1 and the squares represent the battery Bl.
  • the amount of gas generated per day by the battery BC1 is much larger than that of the battery B1, which is almost twice that of the battery B1.
  • the electrolyte provided by the present invention is relatively sulfur
  • the acid salt electrolyte can effectively suppress the generation of gas in the battery.
  • the amount of gas generated by the electrolyte A3 is much smaller than the amount of gas generated by the electrolyte A1, which means that the ruthenium compound and the alkyl sulfonate ion act together in the electrolyte, which can effectively Further reduce the amount of gas generated by the battery.
  • the positive electrode was prepared as described above, and the positive electrode was placed in the electrolytic solution A1 and AC 1 respectively, and allowed to stand at 60 ° C for 1 day, and the self-discharge rate of the positive electrode was measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • the capacity retention of the positive electrode in the electrolyte A 1 is much larger than the capacity retention of the positive electrode in the electrolytic solution AC 1 .
  • Rate discharge performance test The batteries B1 and BC1 were sequentially cycled three times at 0.2 C, 1 C, and 3 C, and finally circulated at 1 C.
  • the electrolyte provided by the present invention can effectively improve the high-rate cycle performance of the battery.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel mesh) coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into an 8 ⁇ 10 cm size to prepare a positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode thickness was 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active body shield density was 750 g/m 2 .
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass membrane.
  • the diaphragm and the negative pole are the same size as the positive electrode.
  • the electrolyte was dropped on one side of the separator, and the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode were laminated and assembled into a battery cell, and the side on which the separator was dropped was placed facing the negative electrode; and then placed in a casing to assemble a battery.
  • the obtained battery was designated as Cl.
  • the difference from the example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 2% by weight, and the other portions are the same as those of the example cl. Obtain the battery and record it as C2.
  • the difference from the example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 0.1 wt%, and the other portions are the same as those of the embodiment cl. Get the battery, recorded as C3.
  • Example c5 The difference from Example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 10% by weight, and the other portions are the same as those of Example c1. Obtain the battery and record it as C4.
  • Example c5 The difference from Example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 10% by weight, and the other portions are the same as those of Example c1. Obtain the battery and record it as C4.
  • Example c5 The difference from Example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 10% by weight, and the other portions are the same as those of Example c1. Obtain the battery and record it as C4.
  • Example c5 The difference from Example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 10% by weight, and the other portions are the same as those of Example c1. Obtain the battery and record it as C4.
  • Example c5 The difference from Example cl is that the content of antimony trioxide is 10% by weight, and the other portions are the same as those of Example c1. Obtain the battery and record
  • cerium nitrate was used in place of antimony trioxide, and the other parts were the same as in the example cl. Obtain the battery and record it as C5.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel mesh) coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into a size of 6 x 6 cm to prepare a positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode thickness was 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active body shield density was 750 g/m 2 .
  • the negative electrode active material shield zinc powder, antimony trioxide, and binder PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the negative electrode slurry is applied to On the stainless steel plate, it is dried and compacted to make a negative electrode.
  • the size of the negative electrode is equivalent to the positive electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm with a diaphragm size comparable to the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are laminated and assembled into a battery cell, and placed in a casing, and then the electrolyte is injected, sealed, and assembled into a battery.
  • the obtained battery is referred to as C6.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel mesh) coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into a size of 6 x 6 cm to prepare a positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode thickness was 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active body shield density was 750 g/m 2 .
  • the negative electrode active material shield zinc powder, antimony trioxide, and binder PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the negative electrode slurry is applied to On the stainless steel plate, it is dried and compacted to make a negative electrode.
  • the size of the negative electrode is equivalent to the positive electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm, and the diaphragm is also sized to the positive electrode.
  • the electrolyte was dropped on one side of the separator, and the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode were laminated and assembled into a battery cell, and the side on which the separator was dropped was placed facing the negative electrode; and then placed in a casing to assemble a battery.
  • the obtained battery is recorded as C8.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel wire mesh) to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into a size of 6 x 6 cm to prepare a positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode thickness was 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active body shield density was 750 g/m 2 .
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm, and the diaphragm and anode are the same size as the cathode.
  • the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are laminated and assembled into a battery cell, and placed in a casing, and then the electrolyte is injected, sealed, and assembled into a battery.
  • the obtained battery is recorded as CC1.
  • the batteries C1-C4 and CC1 were placed at 50 ° C and room temperature for several days to record the amount of gas generated by the battery. The results are shown in Table 5.
  • Table 5 shows the gas production of C1-C4 and CC1 at 50 ° C and room temperature.
  • the gas production of the battery C1-C4 is smaller than that of the battery CC1, especially the battery C1-C3 is reduced by more than 50% with respect to the battery CC1.
  • the amount of gas generated by the batteries C1-C4 is much smaller than that of the battery CC1. This indicates that the battery of the present invention can effectively suppress the generation of gas regardless of whether it is left standing at room temperature or at a high temperature.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water at a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel plate) coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into a size of 6 cm X 6 cm to prepare a positive electrode.
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm, and the diaphragm and anode are the same size as the cathode.
  • the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode were laminated into a battery cell, and then an electrolyte solution was added to assemble a battery.
  • the obtained battery is referred to as Dl.
  • the difference from the embodiment dl is that the percentage of the shield of gelatin is 0.01%; the other parts are the same as the examples dl.
  • the obtained battery is recorded as D2.
  • the difference from the embodiment dl is that the percentage of the shield of gelatin is 0.5%; the other parts are the same as the examples dl.
  • the obtained battery is recorded as D3.
  • the electrolyte has a zinc methanesulfonate concentration of 2 mol/L, lithium methanesulfonate.
  • the difference from the embodiment d4 is that the percentage of the shield of gelatin is 0.01%; the other parts are the same as those of the example d4.
  • the obtained battery is referred to as D5.
  • Example d4 The difference from Example d4 is that the percentage of the shield of gelatin is 0.5%; the other parts are the same as those of the example d4.
  • the obtained battery is referred to as D6.
  • the difference from the embodiment d l was that the gelatin was used instead of the gelatin, and the other parts were the same as those in the example d l.
  • the battery obtained is recorded as D7.
  • Example d l The difference from Example d l was that agar was used instead of gelatin, and the other parts were the same as in Example d l.
  • the battery obtained is recorded as A8.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel plate) coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into a size of 6 cm X 6 cm to prepare a positive electrode.
  • the electrolyte is prepared to have a zinc methanesulfonate concentration of 2 mol/L and a lithium methanesulfonate concentration of 3 mol/L. .
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass membrane.
  • the diaphragm and anode are the same size as the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode were laminated into a battery cell, and then an electrolyte solution was added to assemble a battery.
  • the obtained battery is recorded as D9.
  • Example d9 20 parts by weight of gelatin was added to 80 parts by weight of 1.5 mol/L. In the zinc sulfate solution, the mixture is stirred to form a dispersion system. The other parts are the same as in the embodiment d9. The obtained battery was recorded as D 10 .
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water at a shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector (50 ⁇ m stainless steel plate) coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which was then tableted and cut into a size of 6 cm X 6 cm to prepare a positive electrode.
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm, and the diaphragm and anode are the same size as the cathode.
  • the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are laminated and assembled into a battery cell, and placed in a casing, and then the electrolyte is injected, sealed, and assembled into a battery.
  • the obtained battery is referred to as DC1.
  • an electrolyte having a zinc methanesulfonate concentration of 2 mol/L and a lithium methanesulfonate concentration of 3 mol/L was used, and the other portions were in the same ratio as del.
  • the obtained battery is referred to as DC2.
  • the battery D1-D10 and DC1-DC2 were charged and discharged at the normal temperature for the number of times, and then the battery was disassembled to observe the dendritic condition. The observation results are shown in Table 6.
  • DCl 30 has a lot of zinc deposits, many dendrites, many dendrites
  • DC2 30 has a lot of zinc deposits, many dendrites, many dendrites
  • the batteries D1-D6 were charged and discharged 10 times at 60 ° C, and then the batteries were disassembled to observe dendrites. The observation results are shown in Table 7.
  • the batteries D1-D6 still did not produce dendrites at 60 °C. This shows that the negative electrode modifier is dispersed in the electrolyte, and even in a high temperature environment of 60 ° C, the generation of dendrites of the negative electrode can be well suppressed, and the high temperature performance of the battery is effectively improved.
  • Table 8 shows the gas production of D2 and DC2 at 50 ° C
  • the amount of gas generated by the electrolyte of the battery D2 is much smaller than the amount of the gas generated by the electrolyte of the battery DC2. This shows that dispersing the negative electrode modifier into the electrolyte can effectively suppress the side reaction between the electrolyte and the negative electrode active shield, and effectively reduce the generation of gas.
  • LMO: CMC: SBR: graphite 86.5: 1: 2.5: 10 in water Mixing to form a uniform positive electrode slurry.
  • the median diameter d50 of graphite is 3.4 ⁇ m, and dlO is 2 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode slurry is coated on both sides of the positive electrode current collector coated with the conductive film to form an active material shield layer, and the positive electrode current collector is a stainless steel plate having a thickness of ⁇ , which is pressed into pieces and cut into a size of 6 ⁇ 6 cm to form a positive electrode. .
  • a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was used as a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass membrane.
  • the diaphragm and the negative pole are the same size as the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator were laminated into a battery cell, placed in a casing, and then filled with an electrolyte solution, which was an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L of zinc sulfate and 1 mol/L of lithium sulfate. Sealed, assembled into a battery.
  • the conductive agent graphite has a median diameter d50 of 8.0 ⁇ m and a dlO of 3 ⁇ m, and other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example fl to form a positive electrode.
  • the conductive agent graphite has a median diameter d50 of 18.6 ⁇ m and a dlO of 5 ⁇ m, and other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example fl, to prepare a positive electrode.
  • the conductive agent graphite has a median diameter d50 of 36.1 ⁇ m, dlO is ⁇ , and other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example fl, to form a positive electrode.
  • the conductive agent carbon black has a median diameter d50 of 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode slurry is coated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector of a stainless steel plate coated with a conductive film to form an active shield layer, which is then subjected to tableting, trimming In a size of 6 x 6 cm, it is made into a positive electrode.
  • the rest of the battery constitutes the same embodiment fl.
  • the electrolyte of the battery is an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L of zinc methanesulfonate and 3 mol/L of lithium methanesulfonate, and the other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example fl.
  • the electrolyte of the battery is an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L of zinc methanesulfonate and 3 mol/L of lithium methanesulfonate, and the other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example f2.
  • the electrolyte of the battery is an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L of zinc methanesulfonate and 3 mol/L of lithium methanesulfonate, and the other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example f3.
  • the electrolyte of the battery is an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L of zinc methanesulfonate and 3 mol/L of lithium methanesulfonate, and the other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as those of the example f4.
  • the electrolyte of the battery is an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L zinc methanesulfonate and 3 mol/L lithium methanesulfonate, and the other positive electrode compositions and materials are the same as the comparative examples fc l.
  • the battery electrolysis shield salt is methylsulfonate
  • the gas production of the cathode decreases
  • the gas production on the first day drops from 4.5ml to 3 -4ml
  • the gas production in 6 days decreases from 7.3ml to 4-5ml.
  • the conductive agent has good stability and corrosion resistance
  • the combination of the conductive agent and the methanesulfonate ion can further suppress the gas production of the positive electrode, specifically in the first day of gas production of the positive electrode in the comparative example fc2.
  • the battery in the comparative example fc l -fc2 was fully charged, left at 60 ° C for one day or left at room temperature for 28 days, and the remaining capacity of the battery was tested.
  • the test results are shown in Table 10.
  • Table 10 shows the remaining battery capacity after being left at 60 °C for one day or at room temperature for 28 days.
  • the battery containing the conductive agent graphite provided by the present invention exhibited a relatively high capacity retention ratio, and at the same time, the battery containing the methylsulfonate electrolytic shield had a positive effect on increasing the capacity retention ratio.
  • the conductive agent graphite had a median diameter d50 of 8.0 ⁇ m and a dlO of 3 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode slurry is coated on both sides of the positive electrode current collector coated with the conductive film to form an active material shield layer, and the positive electrode current collector is a stainless steel plate having a thickness of ⁇ , which is pressed into pieces and cut into a size of 6 ⁇ 6 cm to form a positive electrode. .
  • a 50 ⁇ m thick zinc foil was used as the negative electrode active shield, and a 20 ⁇ thick brass foil was used as the negative electrode current collector. The zinc foil and the brass foil are superposed to form a negative electrode.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass membrane.
  • the diaphragm and anode are the same size as the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator were laminated into a battery cell, placed in a casing, and then the electrolyte was separately injected to saturation.
  • the electrolyte solution was an aqueous solution containing 2 mol/L of zinc sulfate and 1 mol/L of lithium sulfate. Sealed, assembled into a battery.
  • lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) according to the shield ratio LMO: CMC: SBR: graphite 84.5 1:1:2.5:12 was mixed in water to form a positive electrode slurry, and the other positive electrode compositions and materials of the battery were the same as those in Example f9.
  • Example f9 and Example fl 0 The battery in Example f9 and Example fl 0 was charged at a constant current of 0.2 C. After charging to 2. IV, the battery was subjected to constant voltage charging, and the current was limited to 0.2 C until the current was reduced to 0.02 C. Leave it at 60 ° C for one day, and test the battery capacity loss after the battery is cooled to room temperature.
  • Example f9 The experimental results showed that the battery capacity in Example f9 was 60% on hold for 12% per day, while in the example ⁇ 0, the battery was left at 60 °C for 13% of capacity loss per day. This result indicates that increasing the content of the conductive agent graphite in the positive electrode slurry slightly increases the self-discharge of the battery.
  • the batteries in the examples f9 and flO were charged to 2.0 V at 0.2 C, the battery capacity was calibrated, the battery was floated for 168 h, and then discharged to 1.2 V at 0.2 C. Test the discharge capacity of the battery. The discharge capacity of the battery is reduced to 50% as the float life of the battery.
  • the battery float life of the examples f9 and flO was 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. This result indicates that increasing the content of the conductive agent graphite in the positive electrode slurry has a slight side effect on the self-discharge of the battery, but the battery float life is increased. Doubled.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive agent super-P, binder SBR and CMC are mixed in water according to the shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a uniform positive electrode slurry with a solid content of 60-70 in water. %.
  • the nylon mesh is completely immersed in the positive electrode slurry, and then the nylon mesh to which the positive electrode slurry is adhered is taken out, and dried at 60 ° C to form an active shield layer, which is then tableted and cut into a size of 6 ⁇ 6 cm.
  • the positive electrode sheet has a thickness of 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active body has a shield density of 750 g/m 2 .
  • the conductive film is a composite material containing polyethylene and conductive carbon black.
  • the thickness of the conductive film was 50 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode current collector was 50 ⁇ m of punched carbon steel.
  • the positive current collector is placed in the middle of two conductive films, the conductive film is slightly larger than the positive current collector, and the conductive film and the positive current collector are combined by a pneumatic machine at a pressure of 0.5 MPa at 115-140 ° C, and Ensure that the conductive film is more sealed than the punched carbon steel.
  • the press time of the air press is 10 s for each step of compounding.
  • the separator is an AGM glass fiber separator
  • the negative electrode is a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and the size of the separator and the negative electrode is equivalent to that of the positive electrode.
  • the electrolytic solution was a 2 mol/L ZnS0 4 and a 1 mol/L mixed solution of Li 2 SO 4 .
  • the battery is subjected to constant current charge and discharge at 0.2C, and the voltage range is 1.4-2. IV, charge and discharge rejection (Qingtian).
  • Example r2
  • Example r2 the thickness of the conductive film was ⁇ , and the remaining composition of the battery and the preparation method were the same as those of the embodiment rl.
  • the positive electrode was fabricated without using a thermal composite, but only a single physical stack of the positive electrode, the conductive film, and the positive current collector.
  • the remaining composition of the battery and the preparation method are the same as in the examples rl.
  • Fig. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the internal resistance of the battery and the time during the first charge and discharge of the battery in the embodiment rl and the comparative example rcl.
  • a country 1 indicates a battery charging process in the comparative rcl
  • a *1 indicates a battery discharging process in the comparative rcl
  • an A- indicates a battery charging process in the embodiment rl
  • a T indicates an embodiment rl The battery discharge process.
  • the internal resistance curve platform of the embodiment rl is to be compared with the curve platform of the comparative rcl, indicating that the internal resistance of the battery in the embodiment rl is significantly lower than that of the battery in the comparative rcl.
  • the internal resistance of the battery in the embodiment rl hardly changes, and the internal resistance of the battery in the comparative example rc l gradually increases.
  • the experimental results show that the positive electrode prepared by the hot pressing composite method can significantly improve the internal resistance of the positive electrode, and the battery containing the positive electrode has excellent and stable cycle performance.
  • the battery performance in the embodiment r2 is superior to that in the embodiment rl, indicating that the thickness of the conductive film has a certain influence on the battery performance, and the battery cycle performance of the conductive film having a thickness of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is better.
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive agent super-P, binder SBR and CMC are mixed in water according to the shield ratio of 90:5:2.5:2.5 to form a uniform positive electrode slurry with a solid content of 60-70 in water. %.
  • the nylon mesh is completely immersed in the positive electrode slurry, and then the nylon mesh to which the positive electrode slurry is adhered is taken out, baked at 60 ° C to form an active shield layer, which is then tableted and cut into 8 x 10 cm size.
  • a positive electrode sheet was prepared, the thickness of the positive electrode sheet was 0.4 mm, and the shield density of the positive electrode active material was 750 g/m 2 .
  • the positive current collector was 50 ⁇ m thick perforated 304 stainless steel. The obtained positive electrode sheet and a positive electrode current collector of comparable size were laminated to form a positive electrode.
  • the separator is AGM glass fiber, and the negative electrode is a zinc plate having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the separator and the negative electrode is equivalent to that of the positive electrode.
  • the five positive electrodes and the six negative electrodes are staggered, and the positive and negative electrodes are separated by a diaphragm to form a battery with a theoretical capacity of about 6 Ah.
  • the electrolytic solution was a 2 mol/L ZnS0 4 and a 1 mol/L mixed solution of Li 2 S0 4 to adjust the pH of the electrolyte to 4.
  • 170 ml of electrolyte is injected and allowed to stand for 3 hours to start the charge and discharge test.
  • the battery was subjected to constant current charge and discharge at 0.2 C, and the voltage range was 1.4 to 4. IV.
  • the positive electrode sheet was directly subjected to continuous slurry coating on the positive electrode current collector stainless steel, and then punched into a desired size.
  • the remaining composition of the battery and the manufacturing method were the same as in the example r3.
  • Figure 20 is a graph showing the discharge curves of the batteries provided in Example r3 and Comparative Example rc2. As can be seen from the figure, the discharge capacity of the battery in the embodiment r3 is higher than that in the comparative example rc2. It is shown that a battery containing a separately prepared positive electrode sheet has a higher discharge capacity than a positive active active shield formed directly on the current collector.
  • Table 1 1 lists the capacities of the 5 batches of the positive electrode sheets prepared by the two methods provided in Example r3 and Comparative Example rc2, and the capacity tolerance of the positive electrode sheets obtained by Example r3 can be seen from the table ( The difference between the maximum capacity and the minimum capacity is small, and the positive electrode sheet has excellent capacity uniformity. This result indicates that the electrode sheet provided by the present invention has a very remarkable effect on the improvement of battery uniformity.
  • Table 1 Positive electrode sheet number, separately manufactured method, positive electrode sheet capacity, continuous drawing method, positive electrode sheet capacity
  • Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC were mixed in water according to a shield ratio of 86.5:10:2.5:1 to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the nylon mesh is completely immersed in the positive electrode slurry, and then the nylon mesh to which the positive electrode slurry is adhered is taken out, and baked at 60 ° C to form a positive electrode active shield, which is then tableted and cut into a size of 6 ⁇ 6 cm.
  • the positive electrode sheet has a thickness of 0.4 mm, and the positive electrode active body has a shield density of 750 g/m 2 .
  • the conductive film in the composite current collector is a composite material containing polyethylene and conductive carbon black.
  • the thickness of the conductive film was 100 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode current collector was 50 ⁇ m of punched carbon steel.
  • the positive current collector is placed in the middle of two conductive films, the conductive film is slightly larger than the positive current collector, and the conductive film and the positive current collector are combined by a pneumatic machine at a pressure of 0.5 MPa at 115-140 ° C, and Ensure that the conductive film is more sealed than the punched carbon steel.
  • the press time of the air press is 10 s for each step of compounding.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material shield, the negative electrode current collector is a thick ⁇ brass foil, and the negative electrode active material shield is a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the electrolytic solution was a 2 mol/L zinc methanesulfonate and a 3 mol/L lithium methanesulfonate mixed aqueous solution, and the pH of the electrolytic solution was adjusted to 3.5.
  • the diaphragm is an AGM fiberglass diaphragm with diaphragm and anode dimensions comparable to the cathode.
  • the electrolyte is injected and the charge and discharge test can be started after a while.
  • the battery was subjected to constant current charge and discharge at 0.2 C, and the voltage range was 1.4-2. IV.
  • Figure 21 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge capacity of the battery and the number of cycles in the embodiment r4. As can be seen from the figure, the battery has stable cycle performance.
  • Preparation of the positive electrode Lithium manganate LMO, conductive graphite, binder SBR and CMC according to the shield Ratio 86.5 : 10 : 2.5 : 1 Mix in water to form a positive electrode slurry.
  • the nylon mesh is completely immersed in the positive electrode slurry, and then the nylon mesh to which the positive electrode slurry is adhered is taken out, baked at 60 ° C to form a positive electrode active shield, which is then tableted and cut into 8 x 10 cm size.
  • a positive electrode sheet was prepared, the thickness of the positive electrode sheet was 0.4 mm, and the shield density of the positive electrode active material was 750 g/m 2 .
  • the positive current collector was a 50 ⁇ m thick punched carbon steel.
  • the conductive film in the composite current collector is a composite material containing polyethylene and conductive carbon black.
  • the thickness of the conductive film was 100 ⁇ m.
  • the positive electrode current collector was 50 ⁇ m of punched carbon steel.
  • the positive current collector is placed in the middle of two conductive films, the conductive film is slightly larger than the positive current collector, and the conductive film and the positive current collector are combined by a pneumatic machine at a pressure of 0.5 MPa at 1 to 140 °C. And to ensure that the conductive film is more sealed than the punched carbon steel.
  • the obtained positive electrode sheet and the sized composite current collector were stacked to form a positive electrode, and the positive electrode sheets were superposed on both sides of the composite current collector.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material shield, the negative electrode current collector is a thick ⁇ ⁇ brass foil, the negative electrode active material shield is a zinc foil having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and the brass foil is laminated with zinc foil on both sides thereof.
  • the diaphragm is AGM glass fiber, and the diaphragm and anode are the same size as the positive electrode.
  • the electrolytic solution was a 2 mol/L ZnS0 4 and a 1 mol/L mixed solution of Li 2 S0 4 to adjust the pH of the electrolyte to 3.5. After the battery assembly is completed, 170 mL of electrolyte is injected and allowed to stand for 3 hours to start the charge and discharge test. 0.2C constant current charging and 2.05 or 2. IV constant voltage charging, 0.2C constant current discharge, voltage range of 1.4 to 4. IV.
  • Figure 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge capacity of the battery and the number of cycles in the embodiment r5. It can be seen from the figure that the discharge capacity of the battery is very stable, and the discharge capacity of the battery charge and discharge cycle 40 times is nearly 6 Ah, and there is almost no attenuation, indicating that the battery has stable cycle performance.

Abstract

一种电解液，该电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解质并使所述电解质电离的溶剂；所述电解液包括充放电过程中在正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金属离子和充电过程中在负极能够还原沉积为第二金属的第二金属离子；放电过程中第二金属可逆氧化溶解为第二金属离子；所述电解质中的阴离子包括垸基磺酸根离子。并且，还涉及一种电池，其包括含能可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子的正极活性物质的正极、含用于负极充放电的载体的负极、及上述电解液。该电解液可以有效提高第一金属离子和第二金属离子的溶解度、抑制气体的产生、降低电池的自放电；并且在-20°C下不冻结，具有良好的低温性能。

Description

电解液及电池 技术领域
本发明属于电池领域， 具体涉及一种电解液及电池。
背景技术
铅酸电池， 其出现已超百年， 拥有着成熟的电池技术， 占据着汽车启动 电瓶、 电动自行车、 UPS等储能领域的绝对市场份额。 铅酸电池虽然循环使 用寿命较低， 能量密度也相对较低， 但却拥有价格非常低廉， 性价比非常高 的优点。 因此， 近些年来， 镍氢电池、 锂离子电池、 钠硫电池等， 均无法在 储能领域取代铅酸电池。
新出现了一种离子交换电池。 该离子交换电池的工作原理为， 正极基于 第一金属离子的脱出-嵌入反应， 负极基于第二金属离子的沉积-溶解反应， 电解液含参与正极脱出 -嵌入反应的第一金属离子和参与负极沉积-溶解反应 的第二金属离子。 该类型电池的理论能量密度为 160Wh/Kg , 预计实际能量 密度可达 50 80 Wh/Kg。 综上所述， 该类型电池非常有希望成为替代铅酸电 池的下一代储能电池， 具有极大的商业价值。
但是， 目前该电池的电解液多釆用醋酸盐、 盐酸盐、 硫酸盐等， 醋酸盐 稳定差， 很容易被氧化， 产生较大的自放电； 盐酸盐腐蚀正极集流体， 硫酸 盐腐蚀综合性能较好， 但对于负极的腐蚀仍然较大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种电池的电解液， 化学稳定好、 能抑制电池腐蚀。
本发明提供了一种用于电池的电解液， 所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶 解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解液包括充放电过程中在正极 能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离子和充电过程中在负极能够还原沉积为第 二金属的第二金属离子；放电过程中第二金属可逆氧化溶解为第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 所述烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。
优选地， 所述第一金属离子的浓度为 l ~7mol/L , 所述第二金属离子的浓 度为 l ~4mol/L。 优选地， 所述第一金属离子为锂离子， 所述第二金属离子为锌离子。 优选地， 所述溶剂为水或醇。
优选地， 所述电解液还包括电解液添加剂， 所述电解液添加剂包括铋化 合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述铋化合物占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
优选地， 所述电解液还包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子和硝酸根 离子中一种或几种。
更优选地， 所述硫酸根离子与烷基磺酸根离子的摩尔比为 1 : 21 27 : 7。 优选地， 所述电解液的 pH值为 3 ~7。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 其包括正极、 负极、 及电解液； 所述正极包 括正极材料， 正极材料包括能可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子的正极活性物盾； 所述负极包括用于负极充放电的载体； 所述电解液为本发明所提供的电解液。
优选地， 所述负极包括负极添加剂， 所述负极添加剂包括铋化合物。 优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述 JH匕合物占负极总重量的 0. 1 %~ 10%。
优选地， 所述电池还包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ -环糊精中的一种或 几种； 所述纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂包含在负极的表面的涂覆层中。
优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂分散于电解液中， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的 盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
优选地， 所述正极还包括导电剂， 所述导电剂选自石墨， 所述石墨的粒 径小于 50μιη , 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90%。
优选地， 所述石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围 为 1 5~50μιη , 所述第二石墨的粒径范围为 5~ 1 5 μιη。
优选地， 所述第一石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 30~50% , 所述第 二石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 40~60%。
优选地， 所述石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。
优选地， 所述石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
优选地， 所述石墨占所述正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6~ 1 5%。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包括复 合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流 体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆 脱出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液 为本发明所提供的电解液。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 两个负极和电解液， 所述正极包 括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极 集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正活性物盾能够可 逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述第一面和第二面上； 所述两个负极共用所述正极， 所 述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液为本发明所提供的电解液。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括两个正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包 括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极 集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正活性物盾能够可 逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述第一面与所述负极相对， 至少所述第一面上设置有所述正极片； 所述两 个正极共用所述负极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液为 本发明所提供的电解液。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包括复 合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流 体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子， 所述复合集流体具有相对设置的两面， 其中， 至少所 述复合集流体与所述负极相对的一面上设置有所述正极片； 所述负极选自金 属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池包括 n对所述正极和负极， n > 2 , 所述正极、 负极交替设置， 相邻的两个正极共用位于两个正极之间的负极， 相邻的两个 负极共用位于两个负极之间的正极； 所述电解液为本发明所提供的电解液。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或电解液中的添加剂， 所述 添加剂为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述正引 出电极包括复合集流体和设置在所述复合集流 体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体 上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出电极和负引出电极 之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体 有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双极性集流体的第一 面上； 所述电解液为本发明所提供的电解液； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被 还原沉积在所述双极性集流体的第二面形成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电 时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中；所述负引出电极选自金属、合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所述正引出电极和负引出电极之间。
优选地，所述电池还包括加入到所述负引出电极和 /或电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的外周部设置有用于密封所述电解液的密封 部。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的材料包括导电塑料、 不锈钢或经过钝化处 理的不锈钢。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料选自导电聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料包括聚合物和导电剂。
优选地， 所述负引 出电极的材料选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中 的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜 镀锡， 或黄铜。
优选地， 所述正极片还包括电化学惰性的载体， 所述正极活性物盾形成 在所述载体上。
优选地， 所述载体电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构。
优选地， 所述载体的孔径尺寸范围为 50-200 目 。
优选地， 所述载体可以传导电子。
优选地， 所述载体的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二 酯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚酰胺、 聚氨基甲酸酯、 聚丙烯腈中的至少一种。
优选地， 所述载体为无纺布。
优选地， 所述载体的厚度小于 l mm。
优选地， 所述载体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述载体的第一面 和第二面上均形成有所述正极活性物盾。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾通过拉浆形成在所述载体上。
优选地， 所述导电膜包括热塑性聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电膜通过热压复合、 抽真空或喷涂的方式结合到所述正 极集流体上。
优选地， 所述正极片通过热压复合或粘接的方式结合到所述复合集流体 上。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾具有尖晶石结构、 层状结构或橄榄石结构。 优选地， 所述正极集流体的材料选自玻璃碳、 石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的一种， 或 Al、 Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Ti、 Cr、 Mo、 Co、 Ag或经过 钝化处理的上述金属中的一种， 或不锈钢、 碳钢、 A1 合金、 Ni 合金、 Ti 合 金、 Cu合金、 Co合金、 Ti-Pt合金、 Pt-Rh合金或经过钝化处理的上述合金 中的一种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括隔膜， 所述隔膜保持所述电解液。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的电解液， 不易被氧化， 化学稳定性好； 可以 有效提高第一金属离子和第二金属离子的溶解度； 抑制气体的产生、 减少电 池腐蚀； 降低电池的自放电； 并且在 -20 °C下不冻结， 具有良好的低温性能。 本发明还提供一种离子交换电池， 有效减少使用时产生的大量气体。 本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极、 及电解液， 所述正极包括 正极材料， 正极材料包括能够可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子的正极活性物盾； 所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述 电解盾包括充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能 可逆氧化溶解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌 入的第一金属离子； 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添 加剂， 所述添加剂为 4必化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述铋化合物占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
优选地， 所述 JH匕合物占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
优选地， 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 所述烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 在电解液中， 所述烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。 优选地， 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子 和硝酸根离子中一种或几种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ -环糊精中的一种或 几种； 所述纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂包含在负极的表面的涂覆层中。
优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
优选地， 所述电池还包括位于正极和负极之间的隔膜。
优选地， 所述第一金属离子选自锂离子或钠离子。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾选自 LiMn204、 LiFeP04或 LiCo02中一种或 几种。 优选地， 所述第二金属离子为锰离子、 铁离子、 铜离子、 锌离子、 铬离 子、 镍离子、 锡离子或铅离子。
优选地， 所述溶剂为水或醇。
优选地， 所述电解液的 pH值为 3 ~7。
优选地， 所述正极材料还包括导电剂石墨， 所述石墨的粒径小于 50μιη , 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90%。
优选的， 所述石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围 为 1 5 -50μιη , 所述第二石墨的粒径范围为 5 - 15 μιη。
优选的， 所述第一石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 30-50% , 所述第 二石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 40-60%。
优选的， 所述石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。
优选的， 所述石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
优选的， 所述导电石墨占所述正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6- 1 5%。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液包括 至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放 电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶解的 第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离 子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和 包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正 极活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子； 所述负极选自金属、 合金 或碳基材料； 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 两个负极和电解液， 所述电解液 包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括 充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶 解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金 属离子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流 体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所 述正活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相 对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述第一面和第二面上； 所述 两个负极共用所述正极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池还 包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括两个正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液 包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括 充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶 解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金 属离子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流 体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所 述正活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相 对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述第一面与所述负极相对， 至少所述第一面上 设置有所述正极片； 所述两个正极共用所述负极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金 或碳基材料； 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液包括 至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放 电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶解的 第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离 子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和 包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正 活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相对设置的 两面， 其中， 至少所述复合集流体与所述负极相对的一面上设置有所述正极 片； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池包括 n对所述正极和负 极， n > 2 , 所述正极、 负极交替设置， 相邻的两个正极共用位于两个正极之 间的负极， 相邻的两个负极共用位于两个负极之间的正极； 所述电池还包括 加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为 4必化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。 本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解 盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能 够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金属离子； 所述正引 出电极包括复合集流体和设置在 所述复合集流体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所 述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物 盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出 电极和负引 出电极之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双 极性集流体的第一面上； 所述电池还包括加入到所述负引出电极和 /或所述电 解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还 原沉积在所述双极性集流体的第二面形成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电时 被氧化溶解在所述电解液中； 所述负引出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所述正引出电极和负引 出电极之间。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的外周部设置有用于密封所述电解液的密封 部。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的材料包括导电塑料、 不锈钢或经过钝化处 理的不锈钢。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料选自导电聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料包括聚合物和导电剂。
优选地， 所述负引 出电极的材料选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中 的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜 镀锡， 或黄铜。
优选地， 所述正极片还包括电化学惰性的载体， 所述正极活性物盾形成 在所述载体上。
优选地， 所述载体电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构。 优选地， 所述载体的孔径尺寸范围为 50-200 目 。
优选地， 所述载体可以传导电子。
优选地， 所述载体的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二 酯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚酰胺、 聚氨基甲酸酯、 聚丙烯腈中的至少一种。
优选地， 所述载体为无纺布。
优选地， 所述载体的厚度小于 l mm。
优选地， 所述载体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述载体的第一面 和第二面上均形成有所述正极活性物盾。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾通过拉浆形成在所述载体上。
优选地， 所述导电膜包括热塑性聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电膜通过热压复合、 抽真空或喷涂的方式结合到所述正 极集流体上。
优选地， 所述正极片通过热压复合或粘接的方式结合到所述复合集流体 上。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾具有尖晶石结构、 层状结构或橄榄石结构。 优选地， 所述正极集流体的材料选自玻璃碳、 石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的一种， 或 Al、 Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Ti、 Cr、 Mo、 Co、 Ag或经过 钝化处理的上述金属中的一种， 或不锈钢、 碳钢、 A1 合金、 Ni 合金、 Ti 合 金、 Cu合金、 Co合金、 Ti-Pt合金、 Pt-Rh合金或经过钝化处理的上述合金 中的一种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括隔膜， 所述隔膜保持所述电解液。
与现有技术相比， 本发明添加了添加剂铋化合物， 有效抑制了气体的产 生， 从而避免了电池发鼓， 增强了电池的安全性能， 同时也有效抑制了电池 性能衰减。
本发明的另一个发明 目 的是提供一种能够提升安全性能的离子交换电 池。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极、 及电解液， 所述正极包括 能够可逆脱出 -嵌入第一金属离子的正极活性物盾； 所述电解液包括至少一种 能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括第一金属离子 和第二金属离子； 所述第二金属离子在充电过程中在所述负极还原沉积为第 二金属， 所述第二金属在放电过程中氧化溶解为第二金属离子； 所述电池还 包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其 可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ -环糊精中的一种或 几种； 所述纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂包含在负极的表面的涂覆层中。
优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物优选地， 所述铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地 所述铋化合物占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
优选地 所述 JH匕合物占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
优选地 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
优选地 所述烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子。
优选地 在电解液中， 所述烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。 优选地 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子 和硝酸根离子中一种或几种
优选地 所述电池还包括位于正极和负极之间的隔膜。
优选地 所述第一金属离子选自锂离子或钠离子。
优选地 所述正极活性物盾选自 LiMn204、 LiFeP04或 LiCo02中一种或 几种。
优选地 所述第二金属离子为锰离子、 铁离子、 铜离子、 锌离子、 铬离 子、 镍离子 锡离子或铅离子。
优选地 所述溶剂为水或醇。
优选地 所述正极材料还包括导电剂石墨， 所述石墨的粒径小于 50μιη , 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90% , 优选的， 所述石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围 为 1 5 -50μιη , 所述第二石墨的粒径范围为 5 - 1 5 μιη。
优选的， 所述第一石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 30-50% , 所述第 二石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 40-60%。
优选的， 所述石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。
优选的， 所述石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
优选的， 所述导电石墨占所述正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6- 1 5%。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液包括 至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放 电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶解的 第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离 子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和 包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正 极活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子； 所述负极选自金属、 合金 或碳基材料； 所述电池还包括负极改性剂，所述负极改性剂选自明胶、琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 两个负极和电解液， 所述电解液 包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括 充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶 解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金 属离子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流 体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所 述正活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相 对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述第一面和第二面上； 所述 两个负极共用所述正极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池还 包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其 可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括两个正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液 包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括 充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶 解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金 属离子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流 体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所 述正活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相 对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述第一面与所述负极相对， 至少所述第一面上 设置有所述正极片； 所述两个正极共用所述负极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金 或碳基材料； 所述电池还包括负极改性剂，所述负极改性剂选自明胶、琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液包括 至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放 电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶解的 第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离 子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和 包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正 活性物盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相对设置的 两面， 其中， 至少所述复合集流体与所述负极相对的一面上设置有所述正极 片； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池包括 n对所述正极和负 极， n > 2 , 所述正极、 负极交替设置， 相邻的两个正极共用位于两个正极之 间的负极， 相邻的两个负极共用位于两个负极之间的正极； 所述电池还包括 负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶 性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解 盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能 够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金属离子； 所述正引 出电极包括复合集流体和设置在 所述复合集流体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所 述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物 盾能够可逆脱出 -嵌入所述第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出 电极和负引 出电极之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双 极性集流体的第一面上； 所述电池还包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自 明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几 种； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述双极性集流体的第二面形 成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中； 所述负引 出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所述正引出电极和负 引出电极之间。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述正引出电极包括复合集流体和设置在所述复合集流 体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体 上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出电极和负引 出电极 之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体 有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双极性集流体的第一 面上；所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金 属能可逆氧化溶解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离子； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述双极性 集流体的第二面形成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电 解液中； 所述负引出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所 述正引出电极和负引出电极之间； 所述电池还包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改 性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的 一种或几种。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的外周部设置有用于密封所述电解液的密封 部。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的材料包括导电塑料、 不锈钢或经过钝化处 理的不锈钢。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料选自导电聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料包括聚合物和导电剂。
优选地， 所述负引 出电极的材料选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中 的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜 镀锡， 或黄铜
优选地， 所述正极片还包括电化学惰性的载体， 所述正极活性物盾形成 在所述载体上 。
优选地， 所述载体电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构。
优选地， 所述载体的孔径尺寸范围为 50-200 目 。
优选地， 所述载体可以传导电子。
优选地， 所述载体的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二 酯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚酰胺、 聚氨基甲酸酯、 聚丙烯腈中的至少一种。
优选地， 所述载体为无纺布。
优选地， 所述载体的厚度小于 l mm。
优选地， 所述载体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述载体的第一面 和第二面上均形成有所述正极活性物盾。 优选地， 所述正极活性物盾通过拉浆形成在所述载体上。
优选地， 所述导电膜包括热塑性聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电膜通过热压复合、 抽真空或喷涂的方式结合到所述正 极集流体上。
优选地， 所述正极片通过热压复合或粘接的方式结合到所述复合集流体 上。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾具有尖晶石结构、 层状结构或橄榄石结构。 优选地， 所述正极集流体的材料选自玻璃碳、 石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的一种， 或 Al、 Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Ti、 Cr、 Mo、 Co、 Ag或经过 钝化处理的上述金属中的一种， 或不锈钢、 碳钢、 A1 合金、 Ni 合金、 Ti 合 金、 Cu合金、 Co合金、 Ti-Pt合金、 Pt-Rh合金或经过钝化处理的上述合金 中的一种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括隔膜， 所述隔膜保持所述电解液。
与现有技术相比， 本发明添加了 负极改性剂， 有效抑制了枝晶的产生， 增强了电池的安全性能； 同时提高了电池的循环性能， 也能有效抑制电解液 与负极之间的副反应， 避免负极产生气体。
本发明的另一个发明目 的是提供一种电池正极材料， 在电池充电时， 正 极材料具有良好的稳定性和抗腐蚀性。
本发明提供了一种用于电池的正极材料， 所述正极材料包括正极活性物 盾和导电剂石墨， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子， 所述 石墨的粒径小于 50 μιη , 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90%。
优选的， 所述石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围 为 1 5 -50μιη , 所述第二石墨的粒径范围为 5 - 15 μιη。
优选的， 所述第一石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 30-50% , 所述第 二石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 40-60%。
优选的， 所述石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。
优选的， 所述石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
优选的， 所述导电石墨占所述正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6- 1 5%。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 所述电池包括正极、 负极、 以及设置在所述 正极和负极之间的电解液， 所述正极包括正极材料， 所述正极材料为上述的 正极材料。
优选的， 所述电解液包括电解盾以及溶剂； 所述电解盾至少能够电离出 第一金属离子和第二金属离子； 所述第一金属离子在充放电过程中在所述正 极能够可逆脱出-嵌入； 所述第二金属离子在充电过程中在所述负极还原沉积 为第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电过程中氧化溶解为第二金属离子。
优选的， 所述第一金属离子选自锂离子、 钠离子、 镁离子和锌离子中的 至少一种。
优选的， 所述负极的材料选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al 或经过钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少 一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
优选地，所述电池还包括负极改性剂，所述负极改性剂选自明胶、琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ -环糊精中的一种或 几种； 所述纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂包含在负极的表面的涂覆层中。
优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物优选地， 所述铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述铋化合物占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
优选地， 所述 JH匕合物占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
优选地， 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 所述烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 在电解液中， 所述烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。
优选地， 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子 和硝酸根离子中一种或几种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括位于正极和负极之间的隔膜。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾选自 LiMn204、 LiFeP04或 LiCo02中一种或 几种。
优选地， 所述第二金属离子为锰离子、 铁离子、 铜离子、 锌离子、 铬离 子、 镍离子、 锡离子或铅离子。
优选地， 所述溶剂为水或醇。
优选地， 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极 集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极材料； 所 述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液包括 至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放 电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶解的 第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离 子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和 包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括本发明所提供的正极材 料； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 两个负极和电解液， 所述电解液 包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括 充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶 解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金 属离子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流 体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括本发明所提供的正 极材料， 所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置 在所述第一面和第二面上；所述两个负极共用所述正极，所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括两个正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液 包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括 充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶 解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出-嵌入的第一金 属离子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流 体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括本发明所提供的正 极材料， 所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述第一面与所 述负极相对， 至少所述第一面上设置有所述正极片； 所述两个正极共用所述 负极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述电解液包括 至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放 电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金属能可逆氧化溶解的 第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离 子； 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和 包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括本发明所提供的正极材 料， 所述复合集流体具有相对设置的两面， 其中， 至少所述复合集流体与所 述负极相对的一面上设置有所述正极片； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材 料； 所述电池包括 n对所述正极和负极， n > 2 , 所述正极、 负极交替设置， 相邻的两个正极共用位于两个正极之间的负极， 相邻的两个负极共用位于两 个负极之间的正极。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述正引出电极包括复合集流体和设置在所述复合集流 体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体 上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出电极和负引 出电极 之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体 有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双极性集流体的第一 面上；所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金 属能可逆氧化溶解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离子； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述双极性 集流体的第二面形成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电 解液中； 所述负引出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所 述正引出电极和负引出电极之间。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的外周部设置有用于密封所述电解液的密封 部。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的材料包括导电塑料、 不锈钢或经过钝化处 理的不锈钢。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料选自导电聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料包括聚合物和导电剂。
优选地， 所述负引 出电极的材料选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中 的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜 镀锡， 或黄铜。
优选地， 所述正极片还包括电化学惰性的载体， 所述正极活性物盾形成 在所述载体上
优选地， 所述载体电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构。
优选地， 所述载体的孔径尺寸范围为 50-200 目 。
优选地， 所述载体可以传导电子。
优选地， 所述载体的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二 酯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚酰胺、 聚氨基甲酸酯、 聚丙烯腈中的至少一种。
优选地， 所述载体为无纺布。
优选地， 所述载体的厚度小于 l mm。
优选地， 所述载体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述载体的第一面 和第二面上均形成有所述正极活性物盾。 优选地， 所述正极活性物盾通过拉浆形成在所述载体上。
优选地 所述导电膜包括热塑性聚合物。
优选地 所述导电膜通过热压复合、 抽真空或喷涂的方式结合到所述正 极集流体上
优选地 所述正极片通过热压复合或粘接的方式结合到所述复合集流体 上。
优选地 所述正极活性物盾具有尖晶石结构、 层状结构或橄榄石结构。 优选地 所述正极集流体的材料选自玻璃碳、 石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的一种， 或 Al、 Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Ti、 Cr、 Mo、 Co、 Ag或经过 钝化处理的上述金属中的一种， 或不锈钢、 碳钢、 A1 合金、 Ni 合金、 Ti 合 金、 Cu合金、 Co合金、 Ti-Pt合金、 Pt-Rh合金或经过钝化处理的上述合金 中的一种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括隔膜， 所述隔膜保持所述电解液。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的正极材料中导电剂具有合适的粒径大小， 从 而可以很好的兼顾导电性和稳定性， 从而避免了导电剂石墨腐蚀， 减少了电 池产气， 增强了电池的安全性能， 同时也有效抑制了电池性能衰减。
本发明的另一个发明 目 的是提供一种具有良好的循环性能以及较高的 能量的电池。
本发明提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包括复合 集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体 上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液包 括电解盾， 所述电解盾至少能够电离出第二金属离子， 所述第二金属离子在 充电时被还原沉积在所述负极形成负极活性物盾， 所述负极活性物盾在放电 时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 两个负极和电解液， 所述正极包 括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极 集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正活性物盾能够可 逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述第一面和第二面上； 所述两个负极共用所述正极， 所 述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液包括电解盾， 所述电解盾至 少能够电离出第二金属离子， 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述 负极形成负极活性物盾， 所述负极活性物盾在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电解 液中。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括两个正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包 括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极 集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正活性物盾能够可 逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子，所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述第一面与所述负极相对， 至少所述第一面上设置有所述正极片； 所述两 个正极共用所述负极， 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液包 括电解盾， 所述电解盾至少能够电离出第二金属离子， 所述第二金属离子在 充电时被还原沉积在所述负极形成负极活性物盾， 所述负极活性物盾在放电 时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包括复 合集流体和正极片 ， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流 体上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子， 所述复合集流体具有相对设置的两面， 其中， 至少所 述复合集流体与所述负极相对的一面上设置有正极片； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池包括 n 对所述正极和负极， n > 2 , 相邻的两个正 极共用位于两个正极之间的负极， 相邻的两个负极共用位于两个负极之间的 正极； 所述电解液包括电解盾， 所述电解盾至少能够电离出第二金属离子， 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述负极形成负极活性物盾， 所述 负极活性物盾在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中。
优选的， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或电解液中的添加剂， 所述 添加剂为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选的， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al 或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述正引 出电极包括复合集流体和设置在所述复合集流 体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体 上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出电极和负引出电极 之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体 有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双极性集流体的第一 面上； 所述电解液包括电解盾， 所述电解盾至少能够电离出第二金属离子， 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述双极性集流体的第二面形成负 极活性物盾， 所述负极活性物盾在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中； 所述 负引 出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所述正引出电极 和负引出电极之间。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正引 出电极、 至少一个双极性电极、 负 引出电极和电解液， 所述正引出电极包括复合集流体和设置在所述复合集流 体一面的正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体 上的导电膜， 所述正极片 包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆脱 出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出电极和负引 出电极 之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流体 有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双极性集流体的第一 面上；所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解盾包括充放电过程中在所述负极能够还原沉积为第二金属且第二金 属能可逆氧化溶解的第二金属离子和充放电过程中在所述正极能够可逆脱出
-嵌入的第一金属离子； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述双极性 集流体的第二面形成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电 解液中； 所述负引出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所 述正引出电极和负引出电极之间； 所述电池还包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改 性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的 一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种电池， 包括正极、 负极和电解液， 所述正极包括复 合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极集流体和包覆在所述正极集流 体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极活性物盾， 所述正极活性物盾能够可逆 脱出-嵌入第一金属离子； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液 包括电解盾， 所述电解盾至少能够电离出第二金属离子， 所述第二金属离子 在充电时被还原沉积在所述负极形成负极活性物盾， 所述负极活性物盾在放 电时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中。
优选地， 所述正极的个数为一个、 所述负极为两个； 所述正极包括复合 集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正 极片设置在所述第一面和第二面上； 所述两个负极共用所述正极。
优选地， 所述正极的个数为两个、 所述负极的个数为一个； 所述复合集 流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述第一面与所述负极相对， 至少所 述第一面上设置有所述正极片； 所述两个正极共用所述负极。
优选地， 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体具有相对 设置的两面， 其中， 至少所述复合集流体与所述负极相对的一面上设置有所 述正极片； 所述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电池包括 n对所述正 极和负极， n > 2 , 所述正极、 负极交替设置， 相邻的两个正极共用位于两个 正极之间的负极， 相邻的两个负极共用位于两个负极之间的正极。
优选地， 所述负极选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
优选地， 所述正极为正引出电极、 所述负极为负引出电极， 所述电池还 包括至少一个双极性电极， 所述正引 出电极包括复合集流体和设置在所述复 合集流体一面的正极片， 所述双极性电极设置在所述正引出电极和负引出电 极之间， 所述双极性电极包括双极性集流体和所述正极片， 所述双极性集流 体有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述正极片设置在所述双极性集流体的第 一面上； 所述第二金属离子在充电时被还原沉积在所述双极性集流体的第二 面形成第二金属， 所述第二金属在放电时被氧化溶解在所述电解液中； 所述 负引 出电极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料； 所述电解液设置在所述正引 出电极 和负引出电极之间。
所述电池还包括负极改性剂，所述负极改性剂选自明胶、琼脂、纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ -环糊精中的一种或 几种； 所述纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂包含在负极的表面的涂覆层中。
优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
优选地， 所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加剂为铋化合物。
优选地 所述铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地 所述铋化合物占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
优选地 所述 JH匕合物占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
优选地 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
优选地 所述烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子。
优选地 在电解液中， 所述烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。 优选地 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子 和硝酸根离子中一种或几种
优选地 所述电池还包括位于正极和负极之间的隔膜。
优选地 所述第一金属离子选自锂离子或钠离子。
优选地 所述正极活性物盾选自 LiMn204、 LiFeP04或 LiCo02中一种或 几种。
优选地 所述第二金属离子为锰离子、 铁离子、 铜离子、 锌离子、 铬离 子、 镍离子 锡离子或铅离子。
优选地 所述溶剂为水或醇。 优选地， 所述正极材料还包括导电剂石墨， 所述石墨的粒径小于 50μιη , 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90%。
优选的， 所述石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围 为 1 5 -50μιη , 所述第二石墨的粒径范围为 5 - 15 μιη。
优选的， 所述第一石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 30-50% , 所述第 二石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 40-60%。
优选的， 所述石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。
优选的， 所述石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
优选的， 所述导电石墨占所述正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6- 1 5%。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的外周部设置有用于密封所述电解液的密封 部。
优选地， 所述双极性集流体的材料包括导电塑料、 不锈钢或经过钝化处 理的不锈钢。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料选自导电聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电塑料的材料包括聚合物和导电剂。
优选地， 所述负引 出电极的材料选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过钝化处理的所述金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中 的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜 镀锡， 或黄铜。
优选地， 所述正极片还包括电化学惰性的载体， 所述正极活性物盾形成 在所述载体上
优选地， 所述载体电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构。
优选地， 所述载体的孔径尺寸范围为 50-200 目 。
优选地， 所述载体可以传导电子。
优选地， 所述载体的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二 酯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚酰胺、 聚氨基甲酸酯、 聚丙烯腈中的至少一种。
优选地， 所述载体为无纺布。
优选地， 所述载体的厚度小于 l mm。
优选地， 所述载体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 所述载体的第一面 和第二面上均形成有所述正极活性物盾。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾通过拉浆形成在所述载体上。
优选地， 所述导电膜包括热塑性聚合物。
优选地， 所述导电膜通过热压复合、 抽真空或喷涂的方式结合到所述正 极集流体上。
优选地， 所述正极片通过热压复合或粘接的方式结合到所述复合集流体 上。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾具有尖晶石结构、 层状结构或橄榄石结构。 优选地， 所述正极集流体的材料选自玻璃碳、 石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的一种， 或 Al、 Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Ti、 Cr、 Mo、 Co、 Ag或经过 钝化处理的上述金属中的一种， 或不锈钢、 碳钢、 A1 合金、 Ni 合金、 Ti 合 金、 Cu合金、 Co合金、 Ti-Pt合金、 Pt-Rh合金或经过钝化处理的上述合金 中的一种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括隔膜， 所述隔膜保持所述电解液。
所述电池还包括加入到所述负极和 /或所述电解液中的添加剂， 所述添加 剂为铋化合物。
优选地， 所述铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选地， 所述铋化合物占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
优选地， 所述 JH匕合物占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
优选地， 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 所述烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子。
优选地， 在电解液中， 所述烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。 优选地， 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子 和硝酸根离子中一种或几种。
优选地， 所述电池还包括负极改性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
优选地， 所述环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ -环糊精中的一种或 几种； 所述纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。 优选地， 所述负极改性剂包含在负极的表面的涂覆层中。
优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子。
优选地， 所述涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。
优选地， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
优选地， 所述电池还包括位于正极和负极之间的隔膜。
优选地， 所述第一金属离子选自锂离子或钠离子。
优选地， 所述正极活性物盾选自 LiMn204、 LiFeP04或 LiCo02中一种或 几种。
优选地， 所述第二金属离子为锰离子、 铁离子、 铜离子、 锌离子、 铬离 子、 镍离子、 锡离子或铅离子。
优选地， 所述溶剂为水或醇。
优选地， 所述正极材料还包括导电剂石墨， 所述石墨的粒径小于 50μιη , 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90%。
优选的， 所述石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围 为 1 5 -50μιη , 所述第二石墨的粒径范围为 5 - 15 μιη。
优选的， 所述第一石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 30-50% , 所述第 二石墨在所述石墨中的重量百分含量为 40-60%。
优选的， 所述石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。
优选的， 所述石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
优选的， 所述导电石墨占所述正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6- 1 5%。
优选地， 所述正极包括复合集流体和正极片， 所述复合集流体包括正极 集流体和包覆在所述正极集流体上的导电膜， 所述正极片包括正极材料； 所 述负极选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
本发明提供电极片易于加工、 厚度均一并且易于分选， 性能一致性好， 应用该电极片的电池具有低廉的价格、良好的循环性能和较高的能量。因此， 本发明的电池有望在大型储能、 电网调峰等领域获得广泛的运用。
本发明还提供了一种电池组， 包括若千个本发明所提供的电池。
本发明还提供了一种不间断电源， 包括本发明所提供的电池。
本发明还提供了一种车辆， 包括本发明所提供的电池作为发动机驱动电 源。
附图说明
图 1是实施方式一提供的电池整体结构剖面示意图；
图 2是实施方式一提供的双极性电极的结构示意图；
图 3 是实施方式一提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图， 其中， 概略的示 出了电池单元；
图 4是实施方式一提供电池充电原理示意图；
图 5是实施方式二提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图；
图 6 是实施方式二提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图， 其中， 概略的示 出了电池单元；
图 7是实施方式三提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图；
图 8是实施方式四提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图；
图 9是实施方式五提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图；
图 10是实施方式五提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图， 其中， 概略的示 出了电池单元；
图 1 1是实施方式六提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图；
图 12是实施方式七提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图， 其中， 正极和负 极均为两个；
图 13是实施方式七提供的电池整体结构的剖面示意图， 其中， 正极和负 极的个数大于两个；
图 14是本发明提供的电极片的结构示意图， 其中， 在载体的第一面和第 二面上均形成有活性物盾层；
图 1 5是本发明提供的电极的剖面结构示意图；
图 16是本发明提供的电极的剖面结构示意图， 其中电极集流体上具有导 电膜；
图 17是本发明实施例 a l 与对比例 ac l产生气体的对比图。
图 1 8是本发明实施例 c l 与对比例 cc l产生气体的对比图。
图 19是实施例 r l和对比例 rc l提供的电池内阻与充放电时间的关系曲线； 图 20是实施例 r3和对比例 rc2提供的电池放电曲线；
图 2 1是实施例 r4提供的电池放电容量与循环次数关系曲线；
图 22是实施例 r5提供的电池放电容量与循环次数关系曲线。 其中：
1 .电极片 2.载体 4.活性物盾层
6 , 10.电极 8.集流体 12.导电膜
20.电池 22 , 40.正引出电极 23 .正极片
24.双极性电极 26.负引 出电极 28.电解液
30.正极集流体 32.双极性集流体 34.隔膜
36.密封部 321 .第一面 322.第二面
38 , 46.电池单元 42.正极 44.负极
50.正极活性物盾 100 , 200 , 300.电池 400 , 500 , 600.电池
700.电池
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、 技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白， 以下结合实施例， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的 具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
一种用于电池的电解液， 所述电解液包括至少一种能够溶解电解盾并使 所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 电解盾至少能够电离出第二金属离子， 第二金属离 子在充电时被还原沉积在负极形成负极活性物盾， 负极活性物盾在放电时被 氧化溶解在电解液中。
优选的， 电解液中还包括一种电解盾， 这种电解盾可以电离出对应在正 极能够发生可逆脱出-嵌入的离子。
具体地， 第二金属离子和可逆脱出-嵌入的离子均为金属离子， 第二金属 离子记作第二金属离子， 可逆脱出 -嵌入的离子记作第一金属离子。 即所述电 解液包括充放电过程中在正极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离子和充电过 程中在负极能够还原沉积为第二金属的第二金属离子； 放电过程中第二金属 可逆氧化溶解为第二金属离子。
其中， 本发明电解液中溶剂的目 的是溶解电解盾， 并使电解盾在溶剂中 电离， 最终在电解液中生成可自由移动的阳离子和阴离子。
本发明的溶剂优选为水和 /或醇。 其中醇包括但不限于甲醇或乙醇。
其中， 本发明的电解盾中的第一金属离子， 在充放电过程中在正极能够 可逆脱出-嵌入。 即在电池放电时， 电解液中的第一金属离子嵌入正极活性物 盾中； 在电池充电时， 第一金属离子从正极活性物盾中脱出， 进入电解液。
优选地， 本发明的第一金属离子选自锂离子或钠离子， 更优选为锂离子。 电解盾中的第二金属离子， 在充电过程中在负极能够还原沉积为第二金 属， 放电过程中第二金属可逆氧化溶解为第二金属离子。 即在电池充电时， 电解液中的第二金属离子还原成第二金属， 沉积在负极上； 在电池放电时， 第二金属氧化成第二金属离子从负极上溶解， 进入电解液。
优选地， 第二金属离子选自锰离子、 铁离子、 铜离子、 锌离子、 铬离子 镍离子、 锡离子或铅离子； 更优选为锌离子。
在一优选实施例下， 第一金属离子选自锂离子， 同时第二金属离子选自 锌离子， 即电解盾中阳离子为锂离子和锌离子。
优选地， 电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
烷基磺酸根离子包含但不限于脂肪族磺酸根离子， 且不限于在脂肪族基 团上带有官能团或者取代基。 优选符合以下通式：
R-SC 或 Y-R' -S03"
在上述通式中， Y指取代基， 例如 -F、 -OH等。
在上述通式中， R可以是支化或未支化的脂肪基； 可以是 1 ~ 12个碳原子 的脂肪基， 优选为 1 ~6个碳原子的脂肪基， 特别优选甲基、 乙基和正丙基。
在上述通式中， R'可以是支化或未支化的脂肪基； 可以是 2~ 12个碳原子 的脂肪基， 优选为 2~6 个碳原子的脂肪基， 更优选为未支化、 含 2~6个碳原 子的脂肪基； 更优选地， 取代基与磺酸基不连接在同一碳原子上。
特别优选地， 烷基磺酸根离子为甲基磺酸根离子， 即 R为甲基。
电解液中釆用甲基磺酸根离子， 可以进一步增强第一金属离子和第二金 属离子的溶解度， 且其成本相对其他烷基磺酸盐较低。
优选地， 电解盾中的阴离子只含烷基磺酸根离子， 不含其它阴离子。 即 电解盾全部由烷基磺酸盐组成。 这样电解液的低温性能更加优异， 第一金属 离子和第二金属离子在电解液中的浓度更高。
更加优选地， 电解盾为烷基磺酸锌和烷基磺酸锂。
当然， 电解盾中的阴离子除了烷基磺酸根离子，还可以含有其它阴离子。 其它阴离子可以是任何基本不影响正负极反应、 以及电解盾在溶剂中的溶解 的阴离子。 例如可以是硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 硝酸根离子、 醋酸根离子、 甲 酸根离子、 磷酸根离子及其混合等。
在一优选实施方式下， 电解盾还包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子 和硝酸根离子中一种或几种。
特别优选地， 所述硫酸根离子与烷基磺酸根离子的摩尔比为 1 :21 ~27 : 7。 更优选地， 电解盾中的阴离子由烷基磺酸根离子和硫酸根离子组成。 电解液中各离子的浓度， 可以根据不同电解盾、 溶剂、 以及电池的应用 领域等不同情况而进行改变调配。
优选地， 在电解液中， 第一金属离子的浓度为 l ~7mol/L。
优选地， 在电解液中， 第二金属离子的浓度为 l ~4mol/L。
优选地， 在电解液中， 烷基磺酸根离子的浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。
当然， 电解盾中的阴离子还可以为任何基本不影响正负极反应、 以及电 解盾在溶剂中的溶解的阴离子。 例如可以是硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 硝酸根离 子、 醋酸根离子、 甲酸根离子、 磷酸根离子及其混合等。
在一优选实施方式下， 电解液包括硫酸根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子和 硝酸根离子中一种或几种。
为了使电池的性能更加优异， 电解液优选还包括电解液添加剂。
在一优选实施方式下， 所述电解液添加剂为铋化合物。
铋化合物加入电解液的方法， 根据电解液或隔膜的不同情况， 可以选择 不同的加入方式。 加入方法包括但不限于直接加入电解液中， 或者以悬浮液 滴加在隔膜上。 更优选地， 将铋化合物直接加入电解液中， 然后将电解液滴 加到隔膜上。
优选地， 铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
铋化合物在电解液中的使用剂量优选如下：
当单独使用三氧化二 4必时， 三氧化二 4必占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。 当单独使用硝酸铋时， 硝酸铋占电解液总重量的 0.01 ~5%。
当然也可以使用三氧化二铋和硝酸铋的混合物。
优选地，本发明的电解液还包括负极改性剂，所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
负极改性剂的目 的是改善第二金属在负极上的沉积， 抑制第二金属枝晶 的产生， 从而提高电池的安全性能。 优选地， 所述负极改性剂的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 200万。
其中， 明胶一般由动物的骨或皮中所含的胶原经部分水解制得。
优选地， 本发明的明胶的平均分子量为 0.2万〜 1 5万。
其中， 琼脂是指由某些海藻加工制成的胶体物盾， 其主要成分为多聚半 乳糖。
其中， 纤维素是指 300个以上的葡萄糖单位以 β- 1 ,4糖苷键相连形成的直 链大分子多糖，分子式为（C6H1 ()05)n。本发明的纤维素包括但不限于 α -纤维素、 β -纤维素、 Υ -纤维素。
优选地， 纤维素的平均分子量为 50万〜 200万。
其中， 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐是指纤维素高分子中羟基的氢被烃基取代 的衍生物。例如甲基纤维素及其可溶性盐、羟乙基甲基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 羧甲基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 乙基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 苄基纤维素及其可 溶性盐、 羟乙基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 羟丙基甲基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 氰 乙基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 苄基氰乙基纤维素及其可溶性盐、 羧甲基羟乙基 纤维素及其可溶性盐、 苯基纤维素及其可溶性盐。
优选地， 纤维素醚选自羧甲基纤维素 （筒写 CMC ) 或羟丙基甲基纤维素 (筒写 HPMC )。
更优选地， 羧甲基纤维素的取代度为 0.8~ 1 . 1。
其中， 糊精是指淀粉在酸、 加热或淀粉酶的作用下部分水解， 得到比淀 粉相对分子盾量小得多的糖。 糊精包括但不限于白糊精、 黄糊精或英国胶。
其中， 环糊精是直链淀粉在环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶作用下生成的一系列 环状低聚糖的总称， 通常含有 6~ 12个 D-吡喃葡萄糖单元。 例如 α -环糊精 （ 6 个葡萄糖单元）、 β -环糊精（ 7个葡萄糖单元）及 γ环糊精（ 8个葡萄糖单元）。
优选地， 环糊精选自 α -环糊精、 β -环糊精和 γ环糊精中的一种或几种。 具体地， 在电池中， 负极改性剂分散在所述电解液中。
当负极改性剂分散在电解液中时， 根据负极改性剂的不同情况， 形成的 分散体系可以形成溶液、 或者胶体溶液。
优选地， 负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01 %~2%。
负极改性剂分散在电解液， 可以是直接向配成的电解盾溶液中加入负极 改性剂， 还可以将电解盾与负极改性剂一起加入到溶剂中均勾分散， 配置成 电解液。 为了增强电池某项性能 （例如低温性能、 高温性能、 倍率放电性能等）、 或使电池适用于不同的使用环境， 根据不同情况， 本发明的电解液还可以含 ^也 力口剂， 列 ¾口4氐^ 力口剂、 《¾于高^ 力口剂、 力口剂 。
为了使电池性能更加优化， 本发明的电解液的 ρΗ值范围优选为 3~7。 电解液的 ρΗ值范围为 3~7 ,这样既可以有效保证电解液中第二金属离子的 浓度， 从而保证电池的容量以及倍率放电性能， 还可以避免盾子共嵌入的问 题。
本发明的电解液含烷基磺酸根离子， 具有如下好处： 第一， 烷基磺酸根 离子可以有效提高第一金属离子 （例如锂离子） 和第二金属离子 （例如锌离 子） 在电解液中的溶解度， 电解液中离子浓度增大可以有效提高电池的高倍 率充放电性能。 第二， 烷基磺酸根离子可以抑制气体的产生。 第三， 烷基磺 酸根离子还可以有效降低电池的自放电率。 可能的原因是， 烷基磺酸根离子 可以提高电解液的析氧过电位， 降低正极活性物盾的氧化还原电位。 第四， 相对其他阴离子盐， 烷基磺酸根离子的电解液在 -20 °C不冻结， 可使电池具有 更好的低温性能。
电解液的制备方法， 根据实际情况的不同， 可以釆用不同方法来制备。 优选选用如下方式制得。
方法一： 烷基磺酸盐直接溶于溶剂。
按照需要配置的电解液中各离子的浓度， 称取一定量的甲基磺酸锂和甲 基磺酸锌溶于水中， 搅拌使其全部溶解， 制成电解液。 生成的电解液中， 阴 离子为甲基磺酸根离子、 阳离子为锌离子和锂离子。
方法二： 金属与烷基磺酸反应。
称取一定量的金属锌， 将其溶于一定浓度的甲基磺酸中， 搅拌至完全溶 解， 然后加入氢氧化锂， 搅拌至完全溶解， 制成电解液。 其中， 甲基磺酸的 用量基本确保与金属锌、 与氢氧化锂完全反应， 使金属锌转化为锌离子存在 于电解液中， 氢氧化锂与甲基磺酸中和生成甲基磺酸锂。
方法三： 金属氧化物与烷基磺酸反应。
称取一定量的氧化锌， 将其溶于一定浓度的甲基磺酸中， 搅拌至完全溶 解， 然后加入氢氧化锂， 搅拌至完全溶解， 制成电解液。 其中， 甲基磺酸的 用量基本确保与氧化锌、 与氢氧化锂完全反应， 使氧化锌与甲基磺酸反应生 成甲基磺酸锂， 氢氧化锂与甲基磺酸中和生成甲基磺酸锂。 方法四： 金属碳酸盐与烷基磺酸反应。
称取一定量的碳酸锌， 将其溶于一定浓度的甲基磺酸中， 搅拌至完全溶 解， 然后加入氢氧化锂， 搅拌至完全溶解， 制成电解液。 其中， 甲基磺酸的 用量基本确保与碳酸锌、 与氢氧化锂完全反应， 使碳酸锌与甲基磺酸反应生 成甲基磺酸锂， 氢氧化锂与甲基磺酸中和生成甲基磺酸锂。
应用该电解液， 可以制备获得一种电池。 电池包括正极、 负极、 及电解 液； 正极包括正极材料， 正极材料包括能可逆脱出 -嵌入第一金属离子的正极 活性物盾； 负极包括用于负极充放电的的载体； 电解液为本发明所提供的电 解液。
本发明电池的充放电原理为：充电时，正极活性物盾脱出第一金属离子， 同时伴随正极活性物盾被氧化，并放出电子；电子经由外电路到达电池负极， 同时电解液中的第二金属离子在负极上得到电子被还原为第二金属沉积在负 极上。 放电时， 沉积在负极上的第二金属被氧化， 失去电子转变为第二金属 离子进入电解液中；电子经外电路到达正极，正极活性物盾接受电子被还原， 同时第一金属离子嵌入正极活性物盾中。
其中， 正极中的正极活性物盾参与正极反应， 可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离 子。
优选的， 正极活性物盾能够可逆脱出-嵌入锂离子、 或钠离子。
具体的， 正极活性物盾具有尖晶石结构、 层状结构或橄榄石结构。
正极活性物盾可以是符合通式 Li1+xMnyMzOk 的能够可逆脱出-嵌入锂离 子的尖晶石结构的化合物， 其中， -l≤x≤0.5, 1< y <2.5, 0< z <0.5, 3< k <6,
M选自 Na、 Li、 Co、 Mg、 Ti、 Cr、 V、 Zn、 Zr、 Si、 Al 中的至少一种。 优选 的， 正极活性物盾含有 LiMn204。 更优选的， 正极活性物盾含有经过掺杂或包 覆改性的 LiMn204。
正极活性物盾可以是符合通式 Li1+xMyM'zM"c02+n 的能够可逆脱出 -嵌入 锂离子的层状结构的化合物， 其中， -l< x≤0.5, 0< y <1 , 0< z <1 , 0< c <1 ,
-0.2< n <0.2, M, Μ', Μ"分别选自 Ni、 Mn、 Co、 Mg、 Ti、 Cr、 V、 Zn、 Zr、
Si或 Al的中至少一种。 优选的， 正极活性物盾含有 LiCo02。
正极活性物盾还可以是符合通式 LixM1-yM'y(X04)n的能够可逆脱出 -嵌入 锂离子的橄榄石结构的化合物， 其中， 0< x≤2, 0< y <0.6, 1< n <1.5, M选 自 Fe、 Mn、 V或 Co, M'选自 Mg、 Ti、 Cr、 V或 Al的中至少一种， X选自 S、 P或 Si中的至少一种。 优选的， 正极活性物盾含有 LiFeP04。
在目前电池工业中， 几乎所有正极活性物盾都会经过掺杂、 包覆等改性 处理。 但掺杂， 包覆改性等手段造成材料的化学通式表达复杂， 如 LiMn204 已经 不 能够代表 目 前广 泛使用 的 "锰酸锂 "的通式 ， 而应该 以通式 Li1+xMnyMzOk为准， 广泛地包括经过各种改性的 LiMn204正极活性物盾。 同 样的， LiFeP04以及 LiCo02也应该广泛地理解为包括经过各种掺杂、 包覆等 改性的， 通式分别符合 LixM1-yM'y(X04)n和 Li1+xMyM'zM"c02+n的正极活性物 质。
正极活性物盾为能可逆脱出 -嵌入锂离子的物盾时， 优选可以选用如 LiMn204、 LiFeP04、 LiCo02、 LiMxP04、 LiMxSiOy (其中 M 为一种变价金属） 等化合物。 此外， 正极活性物盾为能可逆脱出-嵌入钠离子的物盾时， 优选可 以选用 NaVP04F等。
在具体的实施方式中， 制备正极时， 除了正极活性物盾之外， 根据实际 情况， 可能还需添加导电剂和粘结剂来提升正极的性能。
导电剂选自导电聚合物、 活性碳、 石墨烯、 碳黑、 石墨、 碳纤维、 金属 纤维、 金属粉末、 以及金属薄片中的一种或多种。
在正极中使用导电剂的目的是降低整体正极的电阻， 同时加强正极材料 颗粒之间的导电通路。
优选地， 导电剂釆用石墨。 为了使正极材料中的石墨在电池充电时不会 发生腐蚀，同时兼备导电性和稳定性，石墨的粒径大小是一个很重要的指标。 实验发现， 石墨的粒径越小， 对应石墨的导电性能就越好， 但石墨的稳定性 和抗腐蚀能力可能就稍差， 易发生反应； 石墨粒径过大， 对应正极材料的导 电性就会降低， 导致正极材料的内阻增加， 影响电池的循环寿命。 在本发明 中， 导电剂石墨的粒径小于 50μιη。 导电剂具有良好的导电性能和抗腐蚀性 能。
优选的， 导电剂石墨的结晶度不低于 90%, 从而进一步使石墨具有良好 的对热稳定性能和抗腐蚀性能。
优选的，石墨包括第一石墨和第二石墨，第一石墨的粒径范围为 15-50μιη, 第二石墨的粒径范围为 5-15μιη。
不同粒径的石墨， 在一定配比内， 可以大幅度提高导电性能、 倍率性能 和抗腐蚀性能， 同时抑制电池的自放电。
具体的， 小粒径的石墨可以有效的增大正极材料中正极活性物盾与石墨 之间的接触面积， 提高了导电剂石墨与正极活性物盾微观界面导电能力， 增 强了正极材料的压实密度和导电性能；而大粒径石墨具有良好的抗腐蚀能力， 同时有效的构造了坚固的、 连续的导电网络的骨架， 在电池正常充放电或浮 充过程中， 避免了导电网络骨架的坍塌和导电剂的消耗， 使电池的循环寿命 大幅增强。 优选的， 导电剂石墨的粒径大于 0.5 μιη。
具体的， 粒径范围为 15~50μιη 的第一石墨在石墨中的重量百分含量为 30~50%。粒径范围为 5~ 15 μιη第二石墨在石墨中的重量百分含量为 40~60%。 剩余的为较小粒径的石墨， 即粒径范围为 0.5~5 μιη。 不同粒径的石墨， 以一 定的配比相互配合， 使石墨构筑的导电网络既具有较大的接触面积， 又具有 良好的抗腐蚀能力， 大大降低了正极材料的内阻， 提高了电池的浮充寿命， 减少了 自放电。
优选的， 石墨 d l O的粒径为 6μιη。 控制小粒径石墨的含量， 减少石墨的 反应活性， 因此使石墨具有更好的稳定性能和抗腐蚀能力。
对于含有正极活性物盾和导电剂的正极材料而言， 要形成导电网络， 导 电剂的添加量就必须达到一定量， 此时， 导电剂颗粒可填充满正极活性物盾 颗粒间的空隙， 并且导电剂与正极活性物盾之间、 导电剂与导电剂之间有了 有效的接触。
导电剂的含量有一个转折点， 正极中的正极活性物盾颗粒才能和导电剂 石墨充分接触，使界面电化学反应阻抗达到一个稳定值，正极的稳定性增加。 导电剂含量太多会造成正极单体体积中正极活性物盾含量少， 正极活性物盾 密度降低， 使得电池容量下降； 导电剂含量太少则正极活性物盾中电子导电 通道少， 导致正极活性物盾利用率不高， 正极容量降低， 循环性能也随之下 降。 优选的， 导电石墨占正极材料的盾量百分含量为 6- 15%。 因此， 在保证正 极材料具有优异的导电性能的同时， 使正极具有较高的容量。
粘结剂可以选自聚乙烯氧化物、 聚丙烯氧化物、 聚丙烯腈、 聚酰亚胺、 聚酯、 聚醚、 氟化聚合物、 聚二乙烯基聚乙二醇、 聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、 聚 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸中的一种、或上述聚合物的混合物及衍生物。 更优选地， 粘结剂选自聚四氟乙烯（PTFE)、 聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF)或丁苯橡胶 （ SBR )。 在本发明中， 对正极片的理解应为正极片 包括必要的正极活性物盾， 而 不包括正极集流体。 现有技术中， 通常制备正极时， 直接将含有活性物盾的 浆料以一定方式涂覆在正极集流体上， 烘千后加工成正极。 在这种工艺下制 备出来的正极， 进行分选时只能称量整个正极的重量， 而考虑到集流体本身 各区域重量分布的不均勾性， 这种分选并不能精确到测量各个正极中活性物 盾的重量， 由此导致各正极容量的不一致， 最终导致整组电池的不一致而影 响电化学性能和成品率。 本发明中， 正极片是可以脱离正极集流体而单独制 备成型的， 在制备正极片的过程中， 有利于对正极活性物盾进行单独称量分 选， 大幅度提高了电池一致性并且使电池易于组装。
正极活性物盾参与电化学反应， 正极活性物盾占正极片的重量百分比范 围为 60-99%。 为了使正极具有较高的容量， 正极片中正极活性物盾的面密度 范围为 200-2000g/m2。
在具体的实施方式中， 正极片还包括电化学惰性的载体， 正极活性物盾 形成在载体上， 载体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 没有限定的， 载体的 第一面或第二面上形成有正极活性物盾， 或者载体的第一面和第二面上均形 成有正极活性物盾。
正极片的制备方式没有特别限定， 在具体的实施方式中， 首先制备含有 正极活性物盾的浆料， 然后将浆料形成在载体上， 正极活性物盾通过拉浆形 成在载体上。
载体主要起承载正极活性物盾的作用， 载体本身电化学惰性， 根据本领 域技术人员公知， 电化学惰性即载体不参与任何电化学反应， 稳定的存在于 正极片中， 仅作为承载活性物盾层的基体而存在。
在一个具体的实施方式中， 载体电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构， 具体的， 载体的孔径尺寸范围为 50 目〜 200 目 ， 这样， 在保证载体具有一定机械性能前 提下， 不仅有利于正极活性物盾附着在载体上， 提高正极活性物盾和载体的 耐剥离力， 保证正极片稳定的工作， 而且方便正极活性物盾中离子的传输。
在另一个具体的实施方式中， 载体可以传导电子， 载体的材料包括但不 仅限于导电树脂或金属。
载体的厚度没有特别限定， 但为了保证正极片具有高的能量密度， 因此 需要控制正极片的厚度， 具体的， 正极片的厚度范围为 0.3 ~ 1 .5 mm , 而作为正 极片组成之一的载体， 优选的， 载体的厚度小于 l mm。 具体的， 从制作工艺上来讲， 载体可以为无纺布， 无纺布没有经过纺织 加工， 仅通过物理手段粘接而成。 无纺布的成分没有具体限制， 只要能够满 足电化学惰性等条件即可。 无纺布重量很轻， 性能稳定、 容易定型并且成本 低。 在本发明中， 将无纺布与正极活性物盾结合应用于正极片中， 使得正极 片重量更轻并具有稳定的电化学性能。
从成分上来讲， 载体的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET；)、 聚对苯二甲 酸丁二酯（PBT)、 聚乙烯（PE)、 聚丙烯（PP)、 聚酰胺（PA)、 聚氨基甲酸酯（PU)、 聚丙烯腈（PAN)中的至少一种。 这些材料能够稳定的存在于正极片中而不参与 电化学反应， 并为电池高的能量密度输出节省重量。
在制备正极的现有技术中， 通常是直接将含有活性物盾的浆料涂覆在集 流体上， 例如在锂离子电池中， 将含有石墨的浆料涂覆在铜箔上制成负极； 在铅酸电池中， 将铅膏涂覆在板栅上制成负极。 在这种工艺下制备出来的电 极， 进行分选时只能称量整个电极的重量， 而考虑到集流体本身各区域重量 分布的不均勾性， 这种分选并不能精确到测量各个电极中活性物盾的重量， 由此导致各正极容量的不一致， 最终导致整组电池的不一致而影响电化学性 能和成品率。 本发明提供的正极片， 正极活性物盾、 粘结剂和导电剂的比例 是精确一致的， 电化学惰性的载体也是选择一致性非常高的材料， 由此获得 的正极片重量一致性非常高。
正极， 还包括负载正极活性物盾的正极集流体， 正极集流体的材料选自 碳基材料、 金属或合金中的一种。
正极集流体仅作为电子传导和收集的载体， 不参与电化学反应， 即在电 池工作电压范围内， 正极集流体能够稳定的存在于电解液中而基本不发生副 反应， 从而保证电池具有稳定的循环性能。
正极集流体需要满足表面积大、 机械性能好、 导电性能好等要求。
优选的， 在使用正极集流体之前， 正极集流体经过钝化、 冲孔、 打磨或 弱酸腐蚀处理， 经过处理的正极集流体具有较大的比表面积， 有利于提高正 极集流体和导电膜的复合程度， 从而降低正极片和复合集流体之间的接触内 阻。
更优选地， 对正极集流体进行钝化处理， 其的主要目的是， 使正极集流 体的表面形成一层钝化的氧化膜， 从而在电池充放电过程中， 能起到稳定的 收集和传导电子的作用， 而不会参与电池反应， 保证电池性能稳定。 正极集 流体钝化处理方法包括化学钝化处理或电化学钝化处理。
化学钝化处理包括通过氧化剂氧化正极集流体， 使正极集流体表面形成 钝化膜。 氧化剂选择的原则为氧化剂能使正极集流体表面形成一层钝化膜而 不会溶解正极集流体。 氧化剂选自但不仅限于浓硝酸或硫酸高铈（C e(S 04)2)。
具体的， 化学钝化处理步骤为： 将正极集流体置入氧化剂溶液中， 维持 0.5- 1 小时，使正极集流体表面形成钝化膜，最后取出正极集流体清洗并千燥。
电化学钝化处理包括对正极集流体进行电化学氧化或对含有正极集流体 的电池进行充放电处理， 使正极集流体表面形成钝化膜。
在一优选实施方式下， 直接对正极集流体进行电化学氧化， 即在正极集 流体用于电池组装前进行预钝化。 具体的， 以正极集流体作为工作电极， 选 择合适的对电极和参比电极组成三电极体系， 对正极集流体进行氧化； 施加 电压为 2. 1 2.4V。 正极集流体可以是金属， 如金属铝； 正极集流体也可以是 合金， 如不锈钢或铝合金。 当然， 也可以釆用以正极集流体为工作电极的两 电极体系， 对正极集流体进行氧化， 施加电压为 2. 1 ~2.4V。
在一优选实施方式下， 也可以对含有正极集流体的电池进行充放电从而 达到对正极集流体进行钝化的目 的， 充电时电压均充至 2. 1 ~2.4V , 放电时电 压均放至 1 .35~ 1 .45V , 充放电次数不小于 1。
正极集流体的厚度对正极的电化学性能有一定影响， 正极集流体的厚度 太薄， 会影响正极集流体的机械强度； 正极集流体的厚度太厚， 会增加正极 的重量， 从而影响正极的能量密度， 在本发明中， 为了使电池具有高的能量 密度输出， 优选的， 正极集流体的厚度为 10μιη- 100μιη。
优选地， 本发明的釆用复合集流体， 复合集流体还包括包覆在正极集流 体上的导电膜。 即在正极集流体上包覆有一层能够导电的导电膜， 导电膜的 选材必须满足在电解液中可以稳定存在、 不溶于电解液、 不发生溶胀、 高电 压不能被氧化、 易于加工成致密、 不透水并且导电的膜。 一方面， 导电膜对 正极集流体可以起到保护作用，避免电解液对正极集流体的腐蚀。 另一方面， 有利于降低正极片与正极集流体之间的接触内阻， 提高电池的能量。
为了有效的发挥导电膜的作用， 导电膜的厚度需要有效的控制。 导电膜 厚度太薄容易破损， 厚度均一性也不好， 并且电解液容易穿透； 导电膜太厚 则影响导电能力。 优选的， 导电膜的厚度为 10 ~2mm , 导电膜不仅能够有效 的起到保护正极集流体的作用， 而且有利于降低正极片与正极集流体之间的 接触内阻， 提高电池的能量。
正极集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 优选的， 正极集流体的第 一面和第二面均包覆有导电膜。
导电膜包含作为必要组分的聚合物， 聚合物占导电膜的重量比重为 50-95 % , 优选的， 聚合物选自热塑性聚合物。 为了使导电膜能够导电， 有两 种可行的形式： （1 )聚合物为导电聚合物； （2)导电膜还包含导电填料。
导电聚合物选材要求为具有导电性能但电化学惰性， 即不会作为电荷转 移介盾的离子导电。 具体的， 导电聚合物包括但不仅限于聚乙炔、 聚吡咯、 聚噻吩、 聚苯硫醚、 聚苯胺、 聚丙烯腈、 聚喹啉、 聚对苯撑（polyparaphenylene) 及其任意混合物。 导电聚合物本身就具有导电性， 但还可以对导电聚合物进 行掺杂或改性以进一步提高其导电能力。 从导电性能和电池中的稳定使用考 量， 导电聚合物优选聚苯胺、 聚吡咯、 聚噻吩和聚乙炔。
同样的， 导电填料的选材要求为表面积小、 难于氧化、 结晶度高、 具有 导电性但电化学惰性， 即不会作为电荷转移介盾的离子导电。
导电填料的材料包括但不仅限于导电聚合物、 碳基材料或金属氧化物。 导电填料在导电膜中的盾量百分比范围为 5 ~50%。 导电填料的平均粒径并没 有特别限定， 通常范围在 l OOnm到 100nm。
优选的， 导电填料为碳基材料， 碳基材料的形态或机械性能没有特别要 求， 示例的， 碳基材料选自石墨、 碳纳米管或无定形碳中的一种。 无定形碳 包括但不仅限于活性炭和碳黑。 碳基材料优选碳黑和石墨， 其具有大电位窗 口 ， 从而对较宽范围的正负极电势稳定并具有高的导电性。 金属氧化物包括 但不仅限于氧化铅、 氧化锡。
当导电膜中包含导电填料时， 导电膜中的聚合物优选包含起到结合导电 填料作用的非导电聚合物， 非导电聚合物增强了导电填料的结合， 改善了电 池的可靠性。 优选的， 非导电聚合物为热塑性聚合物。
具体的， 热塑性聚合物包括但不仅限于聚烯烃如聚乙烯、 聚丙烯， 聚丁 烯， 聚氯乙烯， 聚苯乙烯， 聚酰胺， 聚碳酸酯， 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯， 聚甲醛， 聚苯醚， 聚砜， 聚醚砜、 丁苯橡胶或聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种。 其中， 优 选为聚烯烃、 聚酰胺和聚偏氟乙烯。 这些聚合物容易通过热而熔化， 因此容 易与正极集流体和正极片复合在一起。 此外， 这些聚合物具有大电位窗口， 从而使正极稳定并为电池输出密度节省重量。 具体的， 可以通过制备含有热塑性聚合物的浆料并涂布和固化浆料来形 成导电膜。 当然， 导电填料可以额外的包含于浆料中， 具体的， 将聚合物和 导电填料以一定的复合方式如分散复合、 层级复合进行加工获得具有导电性 能的导电膜。 优选的， 将聚合物单体和导电填料混合， 由于聚合物单体为小 分子， 导电填料能够很好的分散在聚合物单体中， 然后在引发剂的作用下使 聚合物单体发生聚合， 制备导电膜。
导电膜通过热压复合、 抽真空或喷涂的方式结合到正极集流体上。
热压复合是通过在高于导电膜中聚合物的玻璃化转移温度下加热聚合物， 使导电膜中聚合物材料软化并达到粘结到正极集流体的状态， 同时施加一定 压力， 压力大小没有特别限制， 主要目 的是使导电膜与正极集流体之间结合 更紧密。
在抽真空的实施方式中， 可以将导电膜制作成预定大小、 三边封口的袋 子， 然后将剪裁好的正极集流体置于导电膜袋中， 通过抽真空、 封口的方式 使导电膜紧密的包覆在正极集流体上。
在喷涂的实施方式中， 制备含有热塑性聚合物的浆料， 然后将浆料均匀 的喷涂在正极集流体上， 浆料冷却、 固化后， 正极集流体上即包覆有一层导 电膜。
现有技术中， 通常制备电极时， 直接将含有电极活性物盾的浆料以一定 方式涂覆在集流体上。 本发明提供的电池， 在制备正极时， 正极片可以通过 热压复合、 粘接的方式结合到复合集流体上， 这样不仅可以筒化制备电池的 工艺， 提高生产效率， 而且设置在正极片和正极集流体之间的导电膜有利于 改善正极片和正极集流体之间的接触内阻， 电池具有良好的一致性。
电池的负极， 发生电化学反应的物盾为第二金属， 第二金属能够氧化溶 解为第二金属离子且第二金属离子能可逆还原沉积为第二金属。
优选地， 负极还包括负极添加剂， 所述负极添加剂包括铋化合物， 铋化 合物加入负极的方式， 可能根据负极不同情况略有不同。 加入方法可以选自 物理方法或者化学方法， 物理方法包括但不限于悬浮液涂覆法、 真空镀、 磁 控溅射； 化学方法包括电化学镀等。
在第一优选实施方式中， 负极仅包括负极集流体， 并且负极集流体仅作 为电子传导和收集的载体， 不参与电化学反应。 此时， 负极集流体为用于负 极充放电的的载体。 在该实施方式下， 铋化合物加入负极中的方式， 包括但不限于， 将铋化 合物加入分散剂中制成分散液， 将分散液涂覆在负极集流体上， 最后去除分 散剂。
负极集流体的材料选自金属 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Mn、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过 钝化处理的上述金属中的至少一种， 或者单盾硅， 或者碳基材料， 其中， 碳 基材料包括石墨材料， 比如商业化的石墨压制的箔， 其中石墨所占的重量比 例范围为 90~ 100%。 负极集流体的材料还可以选自不锈钢或经钝化处理的不 锈钢。 不锈钢包括但不仅限于不锈钢网和不锈钢箔， 同样的， 不锈钢的型号 可以是 300 系列的不锈钢 , 如不锈钢 304或者不锈钢 3 16或者不锈钢 3 16L。
另外， 负极集流体还可以选自含有析氢电位高的镀 /涂层的金属， 从而降 低负极副反应的发生。 镀 /涂层选自含有 C、 Sn、 In、 Ag、 Pb、 Co的单盾， 合 金， 或者氧化物中至少一种。 镀 /涂层的厚度范围为 l ~ 1000nm。 例如： 在铜箔 或石墨箔的负极集流体表面镀上锡， 铅或银。
在第二优选实施方式中， 负极除了 负极集流体， 还包括负载在负极集流 体上的负极活性物盾。 此时， 负极活性物盾为用于负极充放电的载体。
负极活性物盾为第二金属， 第二金属包括其单盾。 优选地， 负极活性物 盾为 Zn、 Ni、 Fe、 Cr、 Cu、 Mn、 Sn或 Pb。
如电解液中第二金属离子为 Zn2+ ,负极活性物盾对应为金属 Zn。示例的， 负极包括黄铜箔和锌箔， 黄铜箔作为负极集流体， 锌箔对应负极活性物盾 , 可参与负极反应。
其中， 负极集流体可以参考第一优选实施方式， 在此不再赘述！ 第二金属以片状或者粉末状存在。
当釆用第二金属片作为负极活性物盾时， 第二金属片与负极集流体形成 复合层。
在这种情况下， 铋化合物加入负极中的方式， 包括但不限于， 将铋化合 物加入分散剂中制成分散液， 将分散液涂覆在第二金属片上， 最后去除分散 剂。
当釆用第二金属粉末作为负极活性物盾时， 铋化合物加入负极中的方式， 包括但不限于， 将铋化合物和第二金属粉末混合制成浆料， 然后将浆料涂覆 在负极集流体上制成负极。
在具体的实施方式中， 制备负极时， 除了 负极活性物盾第二金属粉末之 外， 根据实际情况， 还可根据需要添加负极导电剂和负极粘结剂来提升负极 的性能。
在第三优选实施方式中， 直接釆用第二金属片作为负极， 第二金属片既 作为负极集流体， 同时也为负极活性物盾。 此时， 第二金属片为用于负极充 放电的的载体。
在该实施方式下， 铋化合物加入负极中的方式， 包括但不限于， 将铋化 合物加入分散剂中制成分散液， 将分散液涂覆在第二金属片上， 最后去除分 散剂。
当然为了使电池性能更加优异， 同时在负极和电解液中添加铋化合物。 优选地， 铋化合物选自三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
铋化合物在负极中的使用剂量优选如下：
当单独使用三氧化二 4必时， 三氧化二 4必占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
当单独使用硝酸铋时， 硝酸铋占负极总重量的 0. 1 ~ 10%。
当然也可以使用三氧化二铋和硝酸铋的混合物。
在另一优选实施方式下， 负极也可以包括负极改性剂。 与电解液中的不 同的是， 负极改性剂附在负极表面上。 当负极改性剂附于负极的表面时， 优 选将负极改性剂涂覆在负极的表面形成涂覆层， 即负极改性剂包含在负极的 表面的涂覆层中。 具体涂覆方法， 可以是将负极改性剂加入分散剂中制成分 散体系， 将该分散体系直接涂覆在负极的表面， 然后晾千即可。
优选地，分散体系中负极改性剂的含量小于 20wt%。这样便于涂覆操作， 以及提高涂覆效果。
优选地， 涂覆层的厚度为 5~40 μ m。 这样可以有效避免离子迁移效率的 降低。
更优选地， 所述涂覆层还包括第二金属离子， 即将负极改性剂和第二金 属离子的盐一起涂覆在负极的表面， 具体为将负极改性剂和第二金属离子的 盐一起分散于分散剂中， 制成分散体系， 将分散体系涂覆在负极的表面， 然 后晾千即可。
第二金属离子的加入， 可以有效提高第二金属离子的传导。
当涂覆层包括第二金属离子时， 涂覆层的厚度优选为 20~ 1000 μ ιη。 由于负极改性剂附在负极表面上， 有效抑制了枝晶的产生， 增强了电池 的安全性能； 同时提高了电池的循环性能， 也能有效抑制电解液与负极之间 的副反应， 避免负极产生气体。
电池可以不含隔膜。 当然， 为了提供更好的安全性能， 优选在电解液中 位于正极与负极之间还设有隔膜。 隔膜可以避免其他意外因素造成的正负极 相连而造成的短路。
本发明的隔膜没有特殊要求， 只要是允许电解液通过且电子绝缘的隔膜 即可。 有机系锂离子电池釆用的各种隔膜， 均可以适用于本发明。 隔膜还可 以是微孔陶瓷隔板等其他材料。
【双极性电池】
本发明还提供了一种电池， 具体的， 电池为水系双极性电池结构。 下面 通过具体的实施方式来介绍水系双极性电池。
实施方式一
请参阅图 1和图 2所示， 电池 20 包括正引 出电极 22、 至少一个双极性电 极 24、 负引 出电极 26和电解液 28。 正引出电极 22、 双极性电极 24和负引出 电极 26层叠设置，正引 出电极 22和负引出电极 26分别位于最上层和最下层， 双极性电极 24和电解液 28设置在正引出电极 22和负引 出电极 26之间。 具 体到图 1 中， 电池 20 包括两个双极性电极 24。
正引出电极 22包括正极集流体 30和设置在正极集流体 30—面的正极片 23 , 正极片 23 包括正极活性物盾 50 , 正极活性物盾 50能够可逆脱出-嵌入第 一金属离子。 具体到实施方式一中， 正极片 23还包括电化学惰性的载体 2 , 正极活性物盾 50形成于载体上。
前面已经介绍了正极集流体 30、 正极活性物盾 50和载体 2 , 这里就不再 重复介绍。
图 2为构成电池 20的双极性电极 24的概略剖面图， 双极性电极 24 包括 双极性集流体 32和正极片 23 , 双极性集流体 32有相对设置的第一面 321 和 第二面 322 , 正极片 23设置在双极性集流体 32的第一面 321上。 双极性集流 体 32的第一面 321和第二面 322极性相反， 第一面 321相当于正极， 而第二 面 322相当于负极。
正极片 23 通过一定的方式附着于双极性集流体 32 上， 如层叠、 压制、 粘合或热压复合等， 正极片 23 中载体 2和正极活性物盾 50在前面已经详细 介绍， 这里就不再赘述。 双极性集流体 32 的材料可以是导电塑料， 优选的， 双极性集流体 32 的 厚度范围为 50至 100μιη。
导电塑料的材料选自导电聚合物， 具体的， 导电聚合物包括但不仅限于 聚乙炔、 聚吡咯、 聚噻吩、 聚苯硫醚、 聚苯胺、 聚喹啉或聚对苯撑中的至少 一种。 导电聚合物本身就具有导电性， 但还可以对导电聚合物进行掺杂或改 性以进一步提高其导电能力。
导电塑料还可以是复合型的导电塑料， 复合型导电塑料以聚合物为主要 基盾， 并在其中掺入导电剂配制而成， 这里， 聚合物本身是否导电没有特别 限制， 复合型的导电塑料的导电能力主要是靠导电剂实现。 具体的， 导电塑 料包括聚合物和导电剂， 聚合物包括但不仅限于聚乙烯， 聚丙烯， 聚丁烯， 聚氯乙烯， 聚苯乙烯， 聚酰胺， 聚碳酸酯， 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯， 聚甲醛， 聚 苯醚， 聚砜， 聚醚砜、 丁苯橡胶或氟树脂中的至少一种。 具体的， 聚合物可 以是氟树脂中的聚四氟乙烯， 还可以是共聚物， 如聚四氟乙烯（PTFE)和丁苯 橡胶（SBR)的共聚物。
导电剂包括碳基材料、 金属或金属氧化物。 导电剂在导电塑料中的盾量 百分比范围为 10-90%。
碳基材料选自石墨、 碳纳米管或无定形碳中的一种。 无定形碳包括但不 仅限于活性炭和碳黑。
金属的形式不限， 可以是金属粉、 金属薄片、 金属丝条、 金属纤维。 金 属氧化物包括但不仅限于氧化铅、 氧化锡。
具体的， 将聚合物和导电剂以一定的复合方式如分散复合、 层级复合进 行加工获得的具有导电性能的塑料。
双极性集流体 32的材料还可以是不锈钢或经过钝化处理的不锈钢， 不锈 钢的机械性能优于导电塑料， 因此， 当使用不锈钢作为双极性集流体 32 时， 双极性集流体 32 的厚度可以更薄， 具体的， 双极性集流体 32 的厚度范围为 20- 100μιη。
不锈钢钝化处理的方法没有限制， 可以是物理方法钝化、 化学方法钝化 或电化学方法钝化。 钝化的目 的是为了提高双极性集流体 32 与电解液 28 的 相容性， 从而减少副反应的发生， 使电池具有稳定的循环性能。
本发明中， 对于构成双极性电极 24 的双极性集流体 32 的机械性能要求 不高， 即可以釆用重量较轻的导电塑料或厚度较薄的不锈钢作为双极性集流 体 32 , 电池 20整体重量得到降低， 因此电池 20的能量密度得到显著提高。 负引出电极 26选自选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
具体的， 负引 出电极 26选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或 经过钝化处理的金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
负引出电极 26还可以选自含有析氢电位高的镀 /涂层的金属，从而降低负 极副反应的发生。 镀 /涂层选自含有 C、 Sn、 In、 Ag、 Pb、 Co、 Zn的单盾， 合 金， 或者氧化物中至少一种。 镀 /涂层的厚度范围为 l - 1000nm。 例如： 在铜的 负引出电极 26表面镀上铅或银， 或者以涂覆的形式覆盖一层碳。 正极集流体 30和负引出电极 26的厚度范围为 l - 10mm。
负引出电极 26 同前面介绍的负极， 即负引 出电极 26 可以仅作为电子收 集和传导的基体不参与电极反应， 或负引 出电极 26 包括负极集流体和负极活 性物盾， 如负引出电极 26为黄铜箔和锌箔， 锌箔与负极活性物盾一致。
电解液 28设置在正引出电极 22和负引 出电极 26之间， 正引出电极 22、 双极性电极 24和负引出电极 26层叠设置， 当电池 20 中双极性电极 24为一 个时， 正引出电极 22和相邻的双极性电极 24之间、 双极性电极 24和相邻的 负引 出电极 26之间均设置有电解液 28。 当电池 20中双极性电极 24不止一个 时，正引出电极 22和相邻的双极性电极 24之间、相邻的双极性电极 24之间、 双极性电极 24和相邻的负引出电极 26之间均设置有电解液 28。
电解液 28在前面已经介绍， 这里就不再赘述。
在电池 20中， 优选的， 电池 20还包括加入到负引出电极 26和 /或电解液 28 中的添加剂， 添加剂为三氧化二铋和 /或硝酸铋。
优选的，电池 20还包括加入到负引出电极 26和 /或电解液 28 中的负极改 性剂， 负极改性剂选自选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
同样的， 添加剂以及负极改性剂的添加方式在前面已经介绍， 这里就不 再赘述。
实施方式一中的电池 20还包括隔膜 34 , 隔膜 34设置在正引出电极 22与 相邻的双极性电极 24之间、 双极性电极 24与相邻的负引出电极 26之间， 实 施方式一中电池 20 包括两个双极性电极 24 , 因此， 在相邻的双极性电极 24 之间也设置有隔膜 34。 一方面， 隔膜 34 用于保持电解液 28 , 另一方面隔膜 34防止电池 20短路。
隔膜 34可以使用多孔隔膜、 无纺织布或玻璃纤维。 多孔隔膜包括但不仅 限于聚乙婦（PE)、 聚丙婦（PP) , 聚酰亚胺中的一种， 或 PE-PP、 PP-PE-PP的叠 层隔膜。 无纺织布包括但不仅限于人造丝、 醋酸纤维、 尼龙。 电解液 28在隔 膜 34 中的含浸量可以在隔膜 34 的保持能力范围内， 也可以超过保持范围， 因为电池 20设置有密封部 36 , 可以防止电解液 28泄漏。
双极性集流体 32的外周部设置有用于密封电解液 28的密封部 36 , 没有 特别限定的， 密封部 36可以釆用密封圏， 密封圏的形状优选为矩形， 密封圏 的选材只要是在电池 20的使用环境下可以实现优异的密封效果即可。
没有特别限定的， 密封部 36的材料为橡胶， 橡胶选自但不仅限于硅类橡 胶、 氟类橡胶、 烯烃类橡胶、 腈类橡胶中的一种， 其中， 烯烃类橡胶包括但 不仅限于丁苯橡胶（SBR) , 氯丁橡胶（CR；)。 这些密封用的橡胶类树脂具有良好 的密封性（液密性）、 耐酸碱性、 耐药品性、 耐久性、 耐候性和耐热性， 并且可 以在电池 20的使用环境下长期保持这些优异的性能而不会劣化， 因此可以有 效地防止电解液 28从电池 20中渗出， 从而防止由于电解液 28的泄漏而引起 的电池 20短路， 保证电池 20的循环稳定性能。
此外， 只要是可以有效的实现本发明的作用效果的， 如具有耐酸性和密 封性的各种橡胶均可作为本发明密封部 36的材料。
没有特别限制的， 当密封部 36 釆用密封圏时， 隔膜 34 的面积小于密封 圏的包围面积， 并且密封圏的高度不小于隔膜 34 和正极片 23 的厚度之和， 在组装电池时， 将浸有电解液 28的隔膜 34放置在密封圏的圏内， 隔膜 34不 参与密封， 这样可以避免因釆用多孔隔膜而可能造成的电解液 28的泄露。 当 然， 隔膜 34的面积也可以大于设置在双极性电极 24外周部的密封部 36的包 围面积， 只要隔膜 34与密封部 36最终一体成型， 不会导致电解液 28泄露就 行。
请参阅图 3 所示， 双极性电极 24层叠地设置在正引出电极 22和负引出 电极 26之间， 电子仅从正引出电极 22和负引出电极 26导出或导入， 电池 20 相当于 3 个电池单元 38 内部串联， 在每个电池单元 38 中都有正极、 负极、 电解液和隔膜， 电解液 28通过密封部 36密封， 避免由于电解液 28的泄露而 造成的电池单元 38之间的短路， 从而保证电池 20的正常工作。
例如， 其中一个电池单元 38 包括正极集流体 30、 正极片 23、 隔膜 34、 电解液 28、 密封部 36和作为负极的双极性集流体 32 的第二面 322。 密封部 36用于密封每个电池单元 38中的电解液 28 , 以避免因电解液 28的泄露而造 成电池 20的短路。 图 3 中示出的电池 20仅包括二个双极性电极 24 , 但实际 上可以很容易的根据使用需求来设置电池 20 中双极性电极 24 的个数， 从而 制备具有不同输出电压的电池以及具有高输出电压的电池， 本发明提供的电 池具有广泛的用途。
本发明中的电池制备工艺筒单， 可以通过层叠的方式制备电池， 具体的， 在负引出电极上层叠地放置矩形密封圏， 密封圏与负引 出电极的外周部贴合， 然后在密封圏的圏内放置浸有电解液的隔膜， 再依次层叠双极性电极和正引 出电极， 正引 出电极和双极性电极中的电极活性物盾同时朝向负引 出电极放 置， 电解液通过密封圏密封。 双极性电极的个数决定电池最后的输出电压， 因此， 可以根据使用需求来设置双极性电极的个数， 电池具有广泛的用途。
为了防止来自外部的冲击、 环境恶化， 用封装材料或外壳将层叠好密封 后的电池 20 全体密封， 从而完成电池 20 的制作。 封装材料或外壳的材料优 选为被聚合物等包覆的金属材料， 如聚丙烯膜包覆的金属， 金属包括但不仅 限于铝、 不锈钢、 镍或铜。
请参照图 4所示， 本发明提供的水系双极性电池 20的充放电原理为： 在 一个电池单元 38 中， 充电时， 正极片 23 中能够可逆脱出 -嵌入第一金属离子 的正极活性物盾 50 中脱出第一金属离子， 同时电解液 28 中的第二金属离子 在双极性集流体 32 的第二面 322得到电子被还原， 并沉积在第二面 322 上， 形成负极活性物盾。 在含有负引 出电极 26 的电池单元 38 中， 第二金属离子 在负引出电极 26 上得到电子被还原， 沉积在负引出电极 26 上。 放电过程则 为充电的逆过程。
本发明中， 构成电池 20的双极性电极 24仅在双极性集流体 32的第一面 321设置正极片 23 , 而双极性集流体 32的第二面 322则相当于负极， 为第二 金属离子得电子还原-沉积提供基体， 第二金属离子存在于电解液 28 中， 相对 于现有技术中在双极性集流体 32的第一面 321和第二面 322均设置电极活性 物盾， 本发明中的电池 20 结构更加紧凑， 电池 20 具有优异的能量密度和功 率密度。 除此之外， 本发明中的电池 20釆用电解液 28 , 相对于目前商业化的 釆用有机系电解液的锂离子电池更加安全、 环保。
本发明中的电池 20 , 相当于若千个电池单元 38 串联形成， 每一个电池单 元 38都通过密封部 36得到很好的密封， 从而防止由于电解液 28的泄漏而引 起的短路。 另外， 本发明的电池即使不设置特殊的防漏部件或绝缘部件， 也 可防止电池单元 38间的短路， 从而提供具有优异离子传导率、 充放电性能的 双极性电池。 除此之外， 可以根据使用需求设置不同数量的双极性电极 24 , 从而制备具有不同输出电压的电池 20 , 电池 20用途非常广泛。
实施方式二
请参阅图 5所示， 实施方式二提供了一种电池 100 包括正引 出电极 40、 至少一个双极性电极 24、 负引出电极 26和电解液 28。 双极性电极 24层叠的 设置在正引 出电极 40和负引出电极 26之间，正引 出电极 40和负引出电极 26 分别位于最上层和最下层。
与实施方式一的区别是： 正引出电极 40 包括复合集流体和设置在复合集 流体 30—面的正极片 23 , 复合集流体包括正极集流体 30和包覆在正极集流 体 30上的导电膜 12。
导电膜 12可以通过抽真空、热压复合或喷涂的方法包覆在正极集流体 30 的一面或两面， 然后再在复合集流体上结合正极片 23 , 导电膜 12 的厚度为 0.01 -0.2mm。 具体到图 5 中， 正极集流体 30的两面上均包覆有导电膜 12。
导电膜 12的材料在前面也已经详细介绍， 这里就不再赘述。
一方面，导电膜 12能够降低正极集流体 30与正极片 23之间的接触电阻； 另一方面， 包覆在正极集流体 30—面上的导电膜 12 , 避免了正极集流体 30 与电解液 28 直接接触， 避免了电解液 28对正极集流体 30潜在的腐蚀问题， 保证正极集流体 30的稳定性， 改善电池 100可能的自放电问题， 从而使电池 100具有稳定的循环性能。
请参阅图 6所示， 电池单元 38通过密封部 36密封， 密封部 36设置在双 极性集流体 32的外周部， 用于密封电解液 28。
实施方式二中电池 100 其余构成以及组装方式同实施方式一， 这里不再 ——赘述。
实施方式二中提供的电池 100 , 釆用导电膜 12 包覆的正极集流体 30 , 杜 绝了电解液 28对正极集流体 30潜在的腐蚀问题， 使电池 100 除了具有高输 出电压、 安全、 环保等特点之外， 进一步提高了电池 100的循环稳定性能。
实施方式三
请参阅图 7所示， 实施方式三提供了一种电池 200 , 包括正引出电极 22、 至少一个双极性电极 24、 负引出电极 26和电解液 28。 双极性电极 24层叠的 设置在正引 出电极 22和负引出电极 26之间，正引 出电极 22和负引出电极 26 分别位于最上层和最下层。 与实施方式一的区别是， 电池 200不包括隔膜。
同样的， 电池单元（未示出）通过密封部 36密封， 密封部 36设置在双极性 集流体 32的外周部， 用于密封电解液 28。 示例的， 密封部 36可以釆用密封 圏， 密封圏的高度大于正极片 23 的厚度， 通过具有一定高度的密封圏， 使得 正引 出电极 22与相邻的双极性电极 24之间和双极性电极 24与相邻的负引出 电极 26之间保持一定距离， 以避免电池 200短路。 当电池 200中双极性电极 24的个数不止一个时、 相邻的双极性电极 24之间同样设置有密封部 36。
制备实施方式三中的电池时， 可以先将按预定规格制备好的正引 出电极 22、 双极性电极 24 和负引 出电极 26 进行排列并密封。 具体的， 正引 出电极 22和双极性电极 24上的正极片 23 同时朝向负引出电极 26排列， 密封部 36 可以釆用具有高出正极片 23厚度的橡胶材料如密封圏， 将密封圏设置在双极 性集流体 32的外周部， 最后通过注射的方式注入电解液 28 ; 密封部 36还可 以釆用热塑性橡胶材料， 在初步密封时， 可以仅在双极性集流体 32三边的外 周部设置热塑性橡胶材料， 保留一边开口， 将正引 出电极 22、 双极性电极 24 和负引出电极 26排列好后， 通过加热或加热加压使橡胶固化成型， 再通过未 密封的一边处注入预定量的电解液 28 , 最后再将所有电池单元完全密封。
实施方式三中电池 200 其余构成以及组装方式同实施方式一， 这里不再 ——赘述。
实施方式三中的电池 200 没有釆用隔膜， 电池 200 不仅能够给正常、 持 续的工作， 而且由于重量更轻， 因此电池 200 具有更优异的能量密度和比功 率。 另外， 在制备电池 200 时， 可以很容易的形成密封部 36 , 防止由于电解 液 28的泄漏而引起的短路。 电池 200即使不设置特殊的防漏部件， 即可防止 电池单元间的短路， 电池 200具有具有优异的循环性能以及循环寿命。
实施方式四
请参阅图 8所示， 实施方式四提供了一种电池 300 , 包括正引出电极 40、 至少一个双极性电极 24、 负引出电极 26和电解液 28。 双极性电极 24层叠的 设置在正引 出电极 40和负引出电极 26之间，正引 出电极 40和负引出电极 26 分别位于最上层和最下层。
与实施方式二的区别是， 电池 200不包括隔膜。 实施方式四中的电池 300 ,形成在正极集流体 30上的导电膜 12隔绝了正 极集流体 30与电解液 28的接触， 提高了正极集流体 30的稳定， 从而保证电 池 300 具有稳定的循环性能。 没有使用隔膜的电池 300 重量更加轻便， 在便 于使用者携带的同时， 提供优异的性能。
本发明中的电池， 双极性电极中的集流体可以釆用导电塑料或厚度较薄 的不锈钢， 在保证电池正常工作的同时， 电池的重量更加轻便， 使得本发明 中的电池在能量密度和体积上具有明显的优势； 其次， 电池釆用电解液， 电 解液具有相对更高的离子传导率， 改善了电池的倍率性能； 电池使用安全、 环保并且制作工艺筒单， 在制备过程中， 可以根据使用需求制备具有不同输 出电压的电池， 电池用途广泛， 具有产业化应用前景。
本发明中提供含有双极性电极的电池， 仅在双极性电极的一面结合正极 片， 双极性电极中双极性集流体的第二面上在电池首次充放电前没有负极活 性物盾， 第二金属离子存在于电解液中， 在对电池进行充电时， 沉积在双极 性集流体第一面， 电池具有优异的循环性能。 同时， 电池釆用的是电解液， 相对于釆用有机系电解液的锂离子电池， 本发明中的电池更加安全、 环保。 除此之外， 通过设置双极性电极的个数可以制备具有不同输出电压、 具有高 输出电压的电池， 电池用途广泛并且制备工艺筒单， 电池具有商业化应用潜 力。
【具有内部并联结构的电池】
本发明还提供了一种电池， 具体的， 电池具有内部并联结构。 下面通过 具体的实施方式来进一步阐述具有内部并联结构的电池。
实施方式五
请参阅图 9所示，一种电池 400 ,包括正极 42、两个负极 44和电解液 28 , 正极 42设置在两个负极 44之间， 两个负极 44共用正极 42 , 负极 44与正极 42之间设置有电解液 28。
正极 42 包括复合集流体和正极片 23 , 复合集流体包括正极集流体 30和 包覆在正极集流体 30上的导电膜 12 , 正极片 23 包括正极活性物盾 50 , 正活 性物盾能够可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子。
复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 正极片 23设置在第一面和 第二面上。
具体到实施方式五中， 正极片 23 包括电化学惰性的载体， 正极活性物盾 50形成于载体上，正极活性物盾 50和载体在前面已经介绍，这里就不再赘述。 优选的， 在正极集流体 30上的第一面和第二面上同时包覆有导电膜 12 , 如图 9中所示。 然后， 正极片 23再以一定方式结合到复合集流体的导电膜 12 上， 如热压复合、 粘合、 层叠或压制。
导电膜 12可以通过抽真空、热压复合或喷涂的方法包覆在正极集流体 30 上， 示例的， 将正极集流体 30 置于两片导电膜 12之间， 通过加热复合， 使 导电膜 12 包覆正极集流体 30 ,并保证导电膜 12比正极集流体 30多出的部分 密封完好， 包覆在正极集流体 30单面的导电膜 12的厚度为 10-200μιη。
导电膜在前面详细介绍， 这里就不再赘述。
负极 44选自选自金属、 合金或碳基材料。
具体的， 负极 44选自金属 Zn、 Ni、 Cu、 Ag、 Pb、 Sn、 Fe、 Al或经过钝 化处理的金属中的至少一种， 或含有上述金属的合金中的至少一种， 或石墨 箔、 石墨片、 碳布、 碳毡、 碳纤维中的至少一种， 或铜镀锡， 或黄铜。
电解液 28前面已经介绍了， 在此不再赘述。
实施方式五中电池 400同电池 20的区别主要在于电池 400具有内部并联 结构。 因此， 这里就不再赘述电池基本组成。
实施方式五中的电池 400还包括隔膜 34 , 隔膜 34设置在正极 42与负极 44之间， 一方面， 隔膜 34防止电池 400短路； 另一方面， 隔膜 34可以保持 电解液 28 , 具体的， 将负极 44、 隔膜 34、 正极 42、 隔膜 34和负极 44排列 好后， 将其放入封装外壳， 注入一定量的电解液 28 后封装， 隔膜 34浸泡在 电解液 28 中， 即隔膜 34 中吸收了电解液 28 , 保证了正极 42和负极 44之间 的离子传导路径； 除此之外， 也可以先将隔膜 34 浸泡在电解液 28 中， 然后 再将吸收了电解液 28的隔膜 34放置在正极 42和负极 44之间。
隔膜 34可以使用多孔隔膜、 无纺织布或玻璃纤维。 多孔隔膜包括但不仅 限于聚乙婦（PE)、 聚丙婦（PP) , 聚酰亚胺中的一种， 或 PE-PP、 PP-PE-PP的叠 层隔膜。 无纺织布包括但不仅限于人造丝、 醋酸纤维、 尼龙。 电解液 28在隔 膜中的含浸量可以在隔膜的保持能力范围内， 也可以超过保持范围， 因为电 池 400设置有封装外壳， 可以防止电解液 28泄漏。
为了防止来自外部的冲击、 环境恶化， 用封装材料或外壳将层叠好密封 后的电池 400 全体密封， 从而完成电池 400 的制作。 封装材料或外壳的材料 优选为被聚合物等包覆的金属材料， 如聚丙烯膜包覆的金属， 金属包括但不 仅限于铝、 不锈钢、 镍或铜。
请参阅图 1 0所示， 正极 42层叠地设置在负极 44之间， 负极 44共用正 极 42 , 电子从正极集流体 30和负极 44导出或导入， 电池 400相当于 2个电 池单元 46 内部并联， 在每个电池单元 46中都有正极 42、 负极 44、 电解液 28 和隔膜 34 , 隔膜 34保持电解液 28。 在本发明提供的电池结构中， 由于电池 单元 46之间是并联的， 电解液 28可以在任意电池单元 46 中穿梭而不会造成 电池单元 46短路， 电池 400能够正常、 稳定的工作。
相对于现有技术中以独立电池单元并联构成的电池， 本发明中巧妙的仅 釆用一个正极 42 构成具有并联结构的电池 400 , 两个负极 44 共用一个正极 42 , 充分的利用了正极集流体 30的第一面和第二面， 并在第一面和第二面上 同时设置正极片 23 , 不仅节约了正极材料， 而且使电池 400结构更加紧凑， 减轻了电池 400 的重量， 因此本发明中的电池 400 具有优异的能量密度和功 率密度。 最后， 本发明中的电池 400釆用电解液 28 , 相对于目前商业化的釆 用有机系电解液的锂离子电池更加安全、 环保。
本发明中的电池制备工艺筒单， 可以通过层叠的方式制备电池， 具体的， 将负极 44、 浸有电解液 28 的隔膜 34、 正极 42和负极 44依次固定排列， 然 后对其进行封装即可。 电池 400相当于 2个电池单元 46并联形成， 电池单元 46与电池单元 46之间不用特别设置密封部件，具有这种内部并联结构的电池 400能够正常、 稳定的工作， 具有优异的充放电性能， 并且电池 400能够输出 更高的容量， 电池 400应用广泛。
实施方式六
请参阅图 1 1 所示， 实施方式六提供了一种电池 500 , 包括两个正极 42、 负极 44和电解液 28 , 负极 44设置在两个正极 42之间， 两个正极 42共用负 极 44 , 负极 44与正极 42之间设置有电解液 28。
实施方式六中正极、 负极和电解液的选材和制备同实施方式五， 这里不 再——赘述。
实施方式五、 六中的电池都是相当于两个电池单元并联， 区别是， 实施 方式五中的电池 400是两个负极 44共用一个正极 42 , 而实施方式六中的电池 500是两个正极 42共用一个负极 44 , 因此， 本发明提供的电池具有灵活的选 择， 在实际制造电池时， 可以结合制作工艺、 正负极的重量、 材料成本等因 素， 选择制作如实施方式五或六中所示结构的电池， 使最终获得的电池更具 有成本和性能优势。
本发明中的电池具有内部并联结构， 相比于现有技术中的并联结构电池， 本发明中的电池更加节省材料并且结构紧凑、 轻便， 使得本发明中的电池在 能量密度和体积上具有明显的优势； 其次， 电池釆用电解液， 电解液具有相 对更高的离子传导率， 改善了电池的倍率性能； 电池使用安全、 环保并且制 作工艺筒单， 在制备过程中， 可以根据使用需求制备具有不同输出容量的电 池， 电池用途广泛， 具有产业化应用前景。
实施方式七
本发明还提供了一种电池 600 , 包括正极 42、 负极 44和电解液 28。
正极 42 包括复合集流体和正极片 23 , 复合集流体包括正极集流体 30和 包覆在正极集流体 30上的导电膜 12 , 正极片 23 包括正极活性物盾 50 , 复合 集流体具有相对设置的两面， 其中， 至少复合集流体与负极 44相对的一面上 设置有正极片 23 , 正极活性物盾 50 能够可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子。 正极 42在前面已经介绍， 这里就不再赘述。
电池包括 n对正极和负极， n>2 , 正极、 负极交替设置， 相邻的两个正极 42共用位于两个正极 42之间的负极 44 , 相邻的两个负极 44共用位于两个负 极 44之间的正极 42。具体到图 12中， 电池 600包括两对正极 42和负极 44。
具体到实施方式七中， 正极片 23还包括电化学惰性的载体。 正极活性物 质 50形成在载体上。
负极和电解液在前面也已经介绍， 这里就不再赘述。
具体的，请参阅图 12所示，复合集流体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 当正极 42位于两个负极 44之间时， 复合集流体相对设置的第一面和第二面 均与负极相对， 因此复合集流体相对设置的两面上均需设置正极片 23 ; 而对 于位于最外层的正极 42 , 复合集流体仅有一面与负极 44相对， 因此至少复合 集流体与负极 44相对的一面上设置正极片 23 , 复合集流体与负极 44相背的 一面没有特别限定， 可以根据实际制作工艺选择性的设置正极片 23。
图 12 中示出的电池 600含有两对正极 42和负极 44 , 相当于 3个电池单 元（未示出）并联， 但是在实际制作电池时， 本发明提供的电池结构可以容易的 根据使用需求来增加正极、 或负极、 或正极和负极， 例如在电池 600 最外层 的正极处叠加负极、 或依次叠加负极和正极， 或者在电池 600 最外层的负极 处叠加正极、 或依次叠加正极和负极， 叠加的正极和负极交替排列。 正极和 负极的个数根据使用需求确定。 如图 13 所示， 虽然电池总的输出电压没变， 但是电池具有更高的容量， 电池结构灵活， 用途广泛， 具有产业化应用前景。
在含有中性电解液的电池体系中， 很难找到同时满足既有一定机械性能、 优良的导电性能， 又能在中性电解液中稳定存在的正极集流体， 因此水系电 池的商业化进程一直停滞不前。 本发明提供的电池正好能够解决这一问题， 电池的正极包括正极集流体、导电膜和正极片， 导电膜形成在正极集流体上， 导电膜一方面可以提高正极集流体的导电性能， 更重要的是对正极集流体起 到保护作用， 隔绝中性电解液对正极集流体的腐蚀， 使正极集流体在放电过 程中可以稳定的收集并导出电子， 从而保证电池具有稳定的循环性能， 本发 明提供的电池具有很好的商业化前景。
本发明还提供了一种电池组， 电池组包含若千个上述的电池， 具体的， 通过串联、 并联或其组合连接两个以上电池来生产电池组。 电池组的容量和 电压可以通过电池的串联和 /或并联方式自 由地调整。 根据本发明提供的电池 或由电池构建的电池组可以用作车辆和运输手段如火车的电源， 并用作可固 定 /可安装电源如不间断电源。
【电极片】
一种电极片， 电极片易于加工、 厚度均一并且易于分选， 性能一致性好， 应用该电极片的电池具有低廉的价格、 良好的循环性能和较高的能量。
请参阅图 14所示， 一种电极片 1 , 包括电化学惰性的载体 2和形成于载 体 2上的活性物盾层 4。 电极片 1可以应用于电池的正极或负极， 为了使电池 具有较高的能量密度， 优选的， 电极片 1 的厚度范围为 0.3 - 1 .5mm , 在具体的 实施方式中， 电极片 1 的厚度为 0.4mm。
活性物盾层 4形成在载体 2上，载体 2具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 没有特别限定的， 活性物盾层 4 可以形成在第一面或第二面上， 也可以同时 形成在第一面和第二面上。
在本发明中， 对电极片 1 的理解应为电极片 1 包括必要的活性物盾层 4 , 而不包括集流体。 现有技术中， 通常制备电极时， 直接将含有活性物盾的浆 料以一定方式涂覆在集流体上， 烘千后加工成电极。 在这种工艺下制备出来 的电极， 进行分选时只能称量整个电极的重量， 而考虑到集流体本身各区域 重量分布的不均匀性， 这种分选并不能精确到测量各个电极中活性物盾的重 量， 由此导致各电极容量的不一致， 最终导致整组电池的不一致而影响电化 学性能和成品率。 本发明中， 电极片 1 是脱离集流体而单独制备成型的， 在 制备电极片 1 的过程中， 有利于对活性物盾层 4 进行单独称量分选， 大幅度 提高了电池一致性并且使电池易于组装。
在具体的实施方式中， 活性物盾层 4 包括电极活性物盾、 粘结剂和导电 剂， 电极活性物盾参与电化学反应。 本发明提供的电极片 1 , 根据电极活性物 盾的区别， 可以应用于不同类型的电池， 示例的， 电池种类包括镍氢电池、 铅酸电池、 锂离子电池等。
在具体实施方式中， 电极片 1 应用于正极， 电极活性物盾为正极活性物 盾。 正极活性物盾参与电化学反应， 正极活性物盾占活性物盾层的重量百分 比范围为 60-99%。 为了使正极具有较高的容量， 活性物盾层中正极活性物盾 的面密度范围为 200-2000g/m2。 具体的， 正极活性物盾能够可逆脱出-嵌入第 一金属离子。 具体的， 正极活性物盾能够可逆脱出-嵌入锂离子、 钠离子或镁 离子。 具体的， 正极活性物盾在前面已经介绍， 这里就不在赘述。
载体 2主要起承载活性物盾层 4 的作用， 载体 2本身电化学惰性， 根据 本领域技术人员公知， 电化学惰性即载体 2 不参与任何电化学反应， 稳定的 存在于电极片 1 中， 仅作为承载活性物盾层 4 的基体而存在。 另外， 载体 2 电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构，具体的，载体 2的孔径尺寸范围为 50 目 -200 目 ， 这样， 在保证载体 2 具有一定机械性能前提下， 不仅有利于活性物盾层 4 附 着在载体 2上， 提高活性物盾层 4和载体 2 的耐剥离力， 保证电极片 1 稳定 的工作， 而且方便电极活性物盾中离子的传输。
载体 2 的厚度没有特别限定， 但为了保证电极片 1 具有高的能量密度， 因此需要控制电极片 1 的厚度， 作为电极片 1组成之一的载体 2 , 优选的， 载 体 2的厚度小于 l mm。
具体的， 从制作工艺上来讲， 载体 2 可以为无纺布， 无纺布没有经过纺 织加工， 仅通过物理手段粘接而成。 无纺布的成分没有具体限制， 只要能够 满足电化学惰性等条件即可。 无纺布重量很轻， 性能稳定、 容易定型并且成 本低。 在本发明中， 将无纺布与活性物盾层结合应用于电极片中， 使得电极 片 1重量更轻并具有稳定的电化学性能。
从成分上来讲， 载体 2的材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET；)、 聚对苯二 甲酸丁二酯（PBT)、聚乙烯（PE)、聚丙烯（PP)、聚酰胺（PA)、聚氨基甲酸酯（PU)、 聚丙烯腈（PAN)中的至少一种。 这些材料能够稳定的存在于电极片 1 中而不参 与电化学反应， 并为电池高的能量密度输出节省重量。
在制备电极的现有技术中， 通常是直接将含有活性物盾的浆料涂覆在集 流体上， 例如在锂离子电池中， 将含有石墨的浆料涂覆在铜箔上制成负极； 在铅酸电池中， 将铅膏涂覆在板栅上制成负极。 在这种工艺下制备出来的电 极， 进行分选时只能称量整个电极的重量， 而考虑到集流体本身各区域重量 分布的不均勾性， 这种分选并不能精确到测量各个电极中活性物盾的重量， 由此导致各电极容量的不一致， 最终导致整组电池的不一致而影响电化学性 能和成品率。 本发明提供的电极片 1 , 活性物盾层 4中电极活性物盾、 粘结剂 和导电剂的比例是精确一致的， 电化学惰性的载体 2 也是选择一致性非常高 的材料， 由此获得的电极片 1重量一致性非常高。
【电极片的制备方法】
一种电极片 1 的制备方法， 制备方法包括以下步骤：
制备浆料： 将浆料形成在电化学惰性的载体 2上， 形成活性物盾层 4 , 载 体 2电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构， 最后千燥成型。
具体的， 浆料包括电极活性物盾、 粘结剂和导电剂， 电极活性物盾参与 电化学反应。 电极活性物盾占活性物盾层的重量百分比范围为 60-99% , 活性 物盾层中电极活性物盾的面密度范围为 100-3000g/m2 , 为了使电池具有高的 能量输出，优选的，活性物盾层中电极活性物盾的面密度范围为 200-2000g/m2。
制备浆料时， 釆用分散剂使电极活性物盾、 粘结剂和导电剂能够均匀的 混合， 分散剂包括但不仅限于水。
将浆料混合均勾后， 将其形成在载体 2 上， 形成的方式没有特别限定， 包括刮刀涂布、 丝网印刷或拉浆。
在具体的实施方式中， 通过拉浆机将浆料涂布在载体 2 上。 一般的， 拉 浆机内部具有收容浆料的浆料槽， 载体通过导辊引导进入浆料槽内部， 载体 浸入浆料内， 浆料的粘度为 3000- 100000mPa. s , 载体 2 从浆料槽中拉出时， 浆料粘附在载体 2 上。 浆料的厚度可以控制， 如刮刀， 刮刀按照预定厚度刮 掉载体上多余的浆料， 从而实现控制载体 2 上浆料的厚度， 并使载体 2表面 的浆料更加均匀。
将粘附有浆料的载体 2 进行千燥处理， 通常， 在常压或低压以及环境温 度或高温下的蒸发作用， 将浆料层中溶剂去除， 溶剂去除的速度优选为沿着 浆料表面保持基本不变。 优选的， 在常压、 温度为 50- 130 °C下进行千燥处理， 这样千燥成型的电极片 1具有更均一的厚度。 最后， 按照设计需求将电极片 1 裁剪成目标大小。
在具体的实施方式中， 将正极活性物盾 LiMn204、 导电剂 super-p、 粘结 剂 CMC 和 SBR按照预定在水中混合， 混合均与后， 将获得的浆料涂布在尼 龙网上， 在 70 °C下千燥， 获得正极片， 最后将正极片碾压到预定厚度。
本发明提供的制备方法， 以重量均一、 电化学惰性的载体 2 为基底， 将 电极活性物盾、 粘结剂和导电剂等涂布于载体 2 上， 单独制作没有集流体的 电极片 1。 制备方法工艺筒单， 在制备电极片 1 的过程中， 有利于对活性物盾 层 4进行单独称量分选， 制备的电极片 1厚度均一， 性能稳定， 含有电极片 1 的电极具有良好的一致性。 大幅度提高了电池一致性并且使电池易于组装。
【电极】
请参阅图 15所示， 一种电极 6 , 包括电极集流体 8和电极片 1 , 电极片 1 包括电化学惰性的载体 2和形成于载体 2上的活性物盾层 4 ,载体 2电子绝缘 并且具有多孔结构。
请参阅图 16所示， 电极集流体 8具有导电膜 12 , 导电膜 12以一定方式 形成在电极集流体 8的表面， 电极片 1 结合到导电膜 12上从而形成电极 10。 具体到图 16中， 电极集流体 8相对设置的两面上均形成有导电膜 12 , 导电膜 12不仅可以降低电极片 1 和电极集流体 8之间的接触内阻， 而且可以保护电 极集流体 8避免受到电解液的影响，从而保证电极 10具有稳定的电化学性能。
【电极的制备方法】
一种电极 10的制备方法， 制备方法包括以下步骤：
将电极片 1、 导电膜 12和电极集流体 8结合， 导电膜 12位于电极片 1和 电极集流体 8之间， 电极片 1 包括电化学惰性的载体 2和形成于载体 2上的 活性物盾层 4 , 载体 2电子绝缘并且具有多孔结构， 导电膜 12 包括聚合物。
在制得的电极 10中，导电膜 12是位于电极片 1和电极集流体 8之间的。 电极集流体 8 具有相对设置的第一面和第二面。 没有特别限定的， 可以仅在 第一面或第二面上热压复合导电膜 12 ; 也可以在第一面和第二面同时热压复 合导电膜 12。 优选的， 电极集流体 8 的第一面和第二面均依次通过热压复合 有导电膜 12和电极片 1。
本发明提供的电极 10 , 电极 10可以是正极、 负极或双极电极， 才艮据电极 片中活性物盾层的区别， 可以应用于不同类型的电池， 示例的， 电池种类包 括镍氢电池、 铅酸电池、 锂离子电池等。
在电极片 1 中， 活性物盾层 4形成在载体 2上， 载体 2具有相对设置的 第一面和第二面， 没有特别限定的， 活性物盾层 4 可以形成在第一面或第二 面上， 也可以同时形成在第一面和第二面上。 另外， 载体 2 电子绝缘并且具 有多孔结构， 这样， 在保证载体 2 具有一定机械性能前提下， 不仅有利于活 性物盾层 4 附着在载体 2上， 提高活性物盾层 4和载体 2 的耐剥离力， 保证 电极片 1稳定的工作， 而且方便电极活性物盾中离子的传输。
电极片 1 中活性物盾层 4和载体 2在前面已经详细介绍， 这里就不再赘 述， 下面将分别对导电膜 12和电极集流体 8进行介绍。
在电极片 1 和电极集流体 8之间设置一层能够导电的导电膜 12 , 导电膜 12 的选材必须满足在电解液中可以稳定存在、 不溶于电解液、 不发生溶胀、 高电压不能被氧化、 易于加工成致密、 不透水并且导电的膜。 一方面， 导电 膜 12对电极集流体 8可以起到保护作用， 避免电解液对集流体的腐蚀。 另一 方面， 有利于降低电极片 1 与电极集流体 8 之间的接触内阻， 提高电池的能 量。
为了有效的发挥导电膜 12 的作用， 导电膜 12 的厚度需要有效的控制。 导电膜 12厚度太薄容易破损， 厚度均一性也不好， 并且电解液容易穿透； 导 电膜 12太厚则影响导电能力。 优选的， 导电膜 12的厚度为 10μιη-2ιηιη , 导电 膜 12不仅能够有效的起到保护电极集流体 8的作用， 而且有利于降低电极片 1与电极集流体 8之间的接触内阻， 提高电池的能量。
现有技术中， 通常制备电极时， 直接将含有电极活性物盾的浆料以一定 方式涂覆在集流体上。 本发明提供的电极 10 , 直接制备含有电极活性物盾的 电极片 1 , 然后将电极片 1、 导电膜 12和电极集流体 8 复合在一起， 这样不 仅可以筒化制备电极的工艺， 提高生产效率， 而且设置在电极片 1 和电极集 流体 8之间的导电膜 12有利于改善电极片 1和电极集流体 8之间的接触内阻， 电极 10具有良好的一致性。
电极集流体 8 具有相对设置的第一面和第二面， 优选的， 电极集流体 8 的第一面和第二面分别依次复合有导电膜 12和电极片 1。
导电膜 12的材料在前面已经介绍， 这里就不再赘述。
电极集流体 8 主要是作为传导和收集电子的载体， 电极集流体 8 需要满 足表面积大、 机械性能好、 导电性能好等要求。 电极集流体 8 的材料包括碳 基材料、 金属或合金中的一种。
碳基材料选自玻璃碳、 石墨箔、 石墨片、 泡沫碳、 碳毡、 碳布、 碳纤维 中的一种。 在具体的实施方式中， 正极集流体为石墨， 如商业化的石墨压制 的箔， 其中石墨所占的重量比例范围为 90- 100%。
金属为金属网或金属箔， 金属包括 Al、 Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Ti、 Cr、 Mo、 Co、 Ag或经过钝化处理的上述金属中的一种。
将金属进行钝化处理的主要目 的是使金属的表面形成一层钝化膜， 从而 在电池充放电过程中， 能起到稳定的收集和传导电子的作用， 而不会参与电 极反应， 保证电池性能。
合金包括不锈钢、 A1合金、 Ni合金、 Ti合金、 Cu合金、 Co合金、 Ti-Pt 合金、 Pt-Rh合金或经过钝化处理的上述金属中的一种。
不锈钢包括不锈钢网、 不锈钢箔， 不锈钢的型号包括但不仅限于不锈钢 304或者不锈钢 3 16或者不锈钢 3 16L中的一种。
同样的， 将不锈钢进行钝化处理也是使其能够稳定的起到收集和传导电 子的作用， 而不会参与电极反应， 保证电池性能。 在具体实施方式中， 钝化 不锈钢的具体过程为： 在 50 °C下， 将不锈钢置入 20%的硝酸中半小时， 使不 锈钢表面形成一层钝化膜。 钝化后的不锈钢作为电极集流体使用。
电极集流体 8 的厚度对电极 10的电化学性能有一定影响， 电极集流体 8 的厚度太薄， 会影响电极集流体 8 的机械强度； 电极集流体 8 的厚度太厚， 会增加电极 10 的重量， 从而影响电极 10 的能量密度， 在本发明中， 为了使 电池具有高的能量密度输出， 优选的， 电极集流体 8的厚度为 10 μιη- 100μιη。
示例的， 电极集流体 8 釆用不锈钢， 对不锈钢可以进行冲孔处理， 优选 的， 孔径大小范围为 500μιη-5ιηιη ; 也可以釆用砂纸对不锈钢进行打磨， 使不 锈钢表面***糙； 还可以选用适当的弱酸对不锈钢进行微腐蚀， 目 的是不破 坏不锈钢机械性能的前提下增大不锈钢的比表面积。经过处理的电极集流体 8 具有较大的比表面积， 有利于提高电极集流体 8和导电膜 12的复合程度， 降 低电极片 1和电极集流体 8之间的接触内阻。
具体的， 将电极片 1、 导电膜 12和电极集流体 8是通过热压复合结合， 热压复合是通过在高于导电膜 12 中聚合物的玻璃化转移温度下加热聚合物， 使导电膜 12中聚合物材料软化并达到粘结到集流体的状态， 同时施加一定压 力， 压力大小没有特别限制， 主要目 的是使电极片 1、 导电膜 12与电极集流 体 8之间结合更紧密。 具体的， 热压复合的温度 T满足以下条件： Tg<T<Tm , 其中 Tg是导电膜中聚合物的玻璃化转移温度， Tm是导电膜中聚合物的熔点。
电极的制备过程可以是通过一步热压复合完成的， 具体的， 将导电膜 12 置于电极片 1 和电极集流体 8 之间， 通过热压复合直接将电极片 1、 导电膜 12和电极集流体 8复合在一起。
电极的制备过程也可以是通过两步热压复合完成， 即热压复合包括第一 步热压复合和第二步热压复合。 第一步热压复合可以是将导电膜 12结合到电 极集流体 8上， 或将导电膜 12结合到电极片 1上。 对应的， 第二步热压复合 是将电极片 1结合到导电膜 12上， 或将电极集流体 8结合到导电膜 12上。
优选的， 第一步热压复合是将导电膜 12结合到电极集流体 8上， 更优选 的， 将两片导电膜 12分别结合到电极集流体 8的第一面和第二面上。
将电极集流体 8 置于两片导电膜 12之间， 优选的， 导电膜 12 的面积与 电极集流体 8 的面积至少相等， 这样， 在第一步热压复合过程中， 主要成分 为聚合物的导电膜 12 具有一定延展性， 压延后的导电膜 12 完全覆盖在电极 集流体 8的第一面和第二面上， 然后将导电膜 12、 电极集流体 8和导电膜 12 复合在一起。 优先将导电膜 12结合到电极集流体 8上， 使电极集流体 8和导 电膜 12 能更紧密的复合在一起， 而且压延后导电膜 12超出电极集流体 8 的 部分也在第一步热压复合过程中完全密封为一体， 使导电膜 12对电极集流体 8起到保护作用， 避免电解液对电极集流体 8产生腐蚀而造成自放电， 更重要 的是， 导电膜 12能够更好的起到降低电极片 1和电极集流体 8之间的接触内 阻的作用。
在第二步热压复合中， 将两片剪裁大小相当的电极片 1 热压复合到导电 膜上 12 , 最终使电极片 1、 导电膜 12、 电极集流体 8复合在一起， 获得电极。
在具体的实施方式中， 电极片活性物盾层中还包括粘结剂聚合物， 粘结 剂聚合物占活性物盾层的重量比重为 0.5 - 10%。 由于粘结剂聚合物比重较少， 在热压复合过程中粘结剂聚合物不会发生明显变化， 因此电极片的形态和性 能不会受到影响。 优选的， 热压复合的温度低于电极片 中粘结剂聚合物的分 解温度。
通过热压复合将导电膜复合在电极片和电极集流体之间， 导电膜不仅可 以改进电极片与电极集流体之间的耐剥离性， 提高电极的稳定性， 而且使电 极片与电极集流体之间的电阻降低， 使含有这种电极的电池具有高的能量输 出。
本发明的电极能够可选地构造为通过热压复合形成含有正极片、 导电膜 和正极集流体的正极， 或含有负极片、 导电膜和负极集流体的负极， 或含有 正极片、 导电膜、 集流体和负极片的双极电极。
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明进行进一步的阐述和说明。
实施例 al
称取甲基磺酸锌、 甲基磺酸锂溶于去离子水中， 配置成 2mol/L的甲基磺 酸锌、 2mol/L的甲基磺酸锂的电解液， 记作 Al。
实施例 a2
称取甲基磺酸锌、 甲基磺酸锂溶于去离子水中， 配置成 2mol/L的甲基磺 酸锌、 5mol/L的甲基磺酸锂的电解液， 记作 A2。
实施例 a3
称取甲基磺酸锌、 甲基磺酸锂溶于去离子水中， 同时加入三氧化二铋， 配置成 3mol/L的甲基磺酸锌、 2mol/L的甲基磺酸锂、三氧化二铋含量为 lwt% 的电解液， 记作 A3。
实施例 a4
称取甲基磺酸锌、 甲基磺酸锂、 硫酸锌、 硫酸锂溶于去离子水中， 配置 成 lmol/L 的甲基磺酸锌、 lmol/L 的甲基磺酸锂、 lmol/L硫酸锌、 0.5mol/L 石克酸锂的电解液， 记作 A4。
实施例 a5
称取硫酸锌、 硫酸锂溶于去离子水中， 配置成 2mol/L 硫酸锌、 lmol/L 硫酸锂的溶液 Sl。 称取甲基磺酸锌、 甲基磺酸锂溶于去离子水中， 配置成 2mol/L的甲基磺酸锌、 3mol/L的甲基磺酸锂的溶液 S2。
将溶液 S1与溶液 S2以体积比 10:90混合得到电解液， 记作 A5。
实施例 a6
与实施例 a5所不同的是， 溶液 S1 与溶液 S2体积比为 25:75, 记作 A6。 实施例 a7
与实施例 a5所不同的是， 溶液 S1 与溶液 S2体积比为 50:50, 记作 A7。 实施例 a8 与实施例 a5所不同的是， 溶液 S1与溶液 S2体积比为 90:10, 记作 A8。 对比例 acl
称取硫酸锌、 硫酸锂溶于去离子水中， 配置成 2mol/L的硫酸锌、 lmol/L 的石克酸锂的电解液， 记作 AC1。
电池的制备
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料， 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆导电膜的正极集 流体 （ 50μιη 不锈钢丝网 ） 两面上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪 裁成 8x10cm (测试气体含量） 或 6x6cm (用于测试电池其他性能） 大小， 制 成正极， 正极厚度为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。
釆用厚 50μιη 的锌箔作为负极。 隔膜为 AGM 玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜和负 极尺寸与正极相当。
将正极、 负极、 隔膜分别与电解液 A1-A8 及 AC1 组装成电池。 得到的 电池， 分别记作 B1-B8以及 BC1。
性能测试：
低温冻结测试：
将电解液 A1-A4及 AC1在 -20°C下放置 12h,取出观察电解液是否冻结， 测试结果见表 1。
表 1 电解液低温冻结测试结果
Figure imgf000066_0001
从表 1可以看出， 实施例 al~a4的电解液在放置 12h之后依然不冻结， 而对比例 acl 的电解液在 12h之后冻结， 这说明烷基磺酸根离子的电解液可 有效抑制低温冻结， 提高电解液的低温性能， 可增强电池的低温耐候性。
气体含量测试：
将电池 B1及 BC1在 60°C下放置 1天， 收集电池所产生的气体量。 结果 示于图 17。 图 17中圆点代表电池 BC1 , 方块代表电池 Bl。
从图 17中可以看出， 电池 BC1每天的所产生的气体量远远大于电池 B1 的气体量， 几乎为电池 B1 的 2 倍。 这说明本发明所提供的电解液， 相对硫 酸盐电解液可以有效抑制电池中气体的产生。
称量 5g锌粉， 加入 20ml 电解液 A1 以及 A3 中， 50 °C下放置数天， 测量 产气量。 结果示于表 2。
表 2 电解液 A1及 A3产气量
Figure imgf000067_0001
从表 2中可以看出， 电解液 A3所产生的气体量远远小于电解液 A 1的所 产生的气体量， 这说明加入电解液中铋化合物与烷基磺酸根离子共同作用， 可以有效地进一步减少电池所产生的气体量。
自放电性能测试：
制作如上述正极， 将正极分别放入电解液 A1 及 AC 1 中， 60 °C下放置 1 天， 测试正极的自放电率。 结果示于表 3。
表 3 电解液 A1及 AC 1 的正极容量保持率
Figure imgf000067_0002
从表 3 可以看出， 正极在电解液 A 1 中的容量保持率远远大于正极在电 解液 AC 1 中的容量保持率。
将电池 B5-B8及 BC 1分别在 60 °C下存放 24小时，然后放充电循环一次， 然后存放、 放充电如此重复 9次， 测试电池的剩余容量。 结果示于表 4。
表 4 电池 B5 -B8在 60 °C下自放电情况
Figure imgf000067_0003
从表 4可以看出， 电池 B5-B8相对电池 BC 1 的容量保持率， 均有了大幅 的提升。 这说明加入烷基磺酸盐的电解液可以有效抑制电池的自放电。
倍率放电性能测试： 将电池 Bl及 BC1依次在 0.2C、 1C、 3C下各循环 3次， 最后在 1C下循 环。
经测试， 以 0.2C 的放电比容量为基准， 电池 B1 的 3C 放电比容量为 52.8%, 1C的放电比容量为 95%。 而电池 BC1, 3C与 1C的放电比容量分别 为 35%与 60%。 这说明本发明提供的电解液， 可以有效提高电池的高倍率循 环性能。
实施例 cl
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极 集流体（ 50μιη的不锈钢丝网 ） 两面上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 8x10cm 大小， 制成正极。 正极厚度为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度 为 750g/m2。
釆用厚 50μιη 的锌箔作为负极。 隔膜为 AGM 玻璃纤维隔膜。 隔膜和负 极尺寸与正极相当。
称取一定盾量的 4 酸锌、 4 酸锂，加入水中溶解， 然后加入三氧化二铋， 配置成硫酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 硫酸锂浓度为 lmol/L、 三氧化二铋的含量为 lwt°/ 电解液。
将电解液滴加到隔膜的一侧， 再将正极、 隔膜、 负极层叠组装成电芯， 隔膜滴加的一侧面向负极设置； 然后装入壳体内，组装成电池。得到的电池， 记作 Cl。
实施例 c2
与实施例 cl所不同的是， 三氧化二铋的含量为 2wt%, 其他部分同实施 例 cl。 得到电池， 记作 C2。
实施例 c3
与实施例 cl 所不同的是， 三氧化二铋的含量为 0.1wt%, 其他部分同实 施例 cl。 得到电池， 记作 C3。
实施例 c4
与实施例 cl所不同的是， 三氧化二铋的含量为 10wt%, 其他部分同实施 例 cl。 得到电池， 记作 C4。 实施例 c5
与实施例 cl所不同的是， 用硝酸铋替代三氧化二铋， 其他部分同实施例 cl。 得到电池， 记作 C5。
实施例 c6
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极 集流体 （ 50μιη 的不锈钢丝网 ） 上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪 裁成 6x6cm 大小， 制成正极。 正极厚度为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。
将负极活性物盾锌粉、 三氧化二铋、 与粘结剂 PTFE (聚四氟乙烯） 按 盾量比为 90: 1: 9的比例混合成负极浆料后，将负极浆料涂覆于不锈钢板上， 千燥并压实， 制成负极。 负极尺寸与正极相当。
隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜尺寸与正极相当。
称取一定盾量的硫酸锌、 硫酸锂， 加入水中溶解， 配置成硫酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 石克酸锂浓度为 lmol/L的电解液。
将正极、 负极以及隔膜层叠组装成电芯，装入壳体内， 然后注入电解液， 封口， 组装成电池。 得到的电池， 记作 C6。
实施例 c7
与实施例 c6所不同的是， 用硝酸铋替代三氧化二铋， 其他部分同实施例 cl, 得到电池， 记作 C7。
实施例 c8
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极 集流体 （ 50μιη 的不锈钢丝网 ） 上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪 裁成 6x6cm 大小， 制成正极。 正极厚度为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。
将负极活性物盾锌粉、 三氧化二铋、 与粘结剂 PTFE (聚四氟乙烯） 按 盾量比为 90: 1: 9的比例混合成负极浆料后， 将负极浆料涂覆于不锈钢板 上， 千燥并压实， 制成负极。 负极尺寸与正极相当。 隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜尺寸也与正极相当。
称取一定盾量的 4 酸锌、 4 酸锂， 加入水中溶解， 然后加入硝酸铋， 配 置成硫酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 硫酸锂浓度为 lmol/L、 硝酸铋的含量为 0.01wt% 的电解液。
将电解液滴加到隔膜的一侧， 再将正极、 隔膜、 负极层叠组装成电芯， 隔膜滴加的一侧面向负极设置； 然后装入壳体内，组装成电池。得到的电池， 记作 C8。
对比例 ccl
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在正极集流体 （ 50μιη 的不锈钢丝网 ）上形成活性物盾层，随后将其进行压片，剪裁成 6x6cm大小， 制成正极。 正极厚度为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。
釆用厚 50μιη的锌箔作为负极。 隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜和负极 尺寸与正极相当。
称取一定盾量的硫酸锌、 硫酸锂， 加入水中溶解， 配置成硫酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 石克酸锂浓度为 lmol/L的电解液。
将正极、 负极以及隔膜层叠组装成电芯，装入壳体内， 然后注入电解液， 封口， 组装成电池。 得到的电池， 记作 CC1。
气体含量测试：
将电池 C1 以及 CC1在 60°C下， 经过若千次循环之后， 静置 20h, 后放 电 5h,然后在静置 20h,最后充电 6h。记录每个小时内电池所产生的气体量。 结果示于图 18。 图 182中 1表示电池 C1, 2表示电池 CC1。
从图 18可以看出， 无论在静置时， 还是充放电时， 电池 C1 的气体产生 量远远低于电池 CC1。 这说明本发明的电池可以有效抑制气体的产生。
将电池 C1-C4及 CC1 在 50°C及室温下下放置数天， 记录电池累计所产 生的气体量。 结果见表 5。
表 5为 C1-C4及 CC1在 50°C及室温下静置的产气量
铋化合 50°C/ml 室温 /ml
电池
物含量 第 1天 第 2天 第 3天 第 1天 C3 0.1% 49 110 152 5
CI 1.0% 41 109 143 7
C2 2.0% 45 118 162 9
C4 10.0% 47 126 195 20
CC1 0.0% 85 176 290 21 从表 5 中可以看出， 室温下， 电池 C1-C4 的气体产生量小于电池 CC1, 特别是电池 C1-C3相对电池 CC1,其气体产生量减少了 50%以上。在 50°C下， 电池 C1-C4的气体产生量远小于电池 CC1。 这说明无论室温下静置还是高温 下静置， 本发明的电池均可以有效抑制气体的产生。
实施例 dl
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极 集流体 （ 50μιη 的不锈钢板） 两面上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6cm X 6cm大小， 制成正极。
釆用厚 50μιη的锌箔作为负极。 隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜和负极 尺寸与正极相当。
称取一定盾量的硫酸锌、 硫酸锂， 加入水中溶解， 然后加入明胶， 配置 成硫酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、硫酸锂浓度为 lmol/L、明胶的盾量百分含量为 0.05% 的电解液。
将正极、 隔膜、 负极层叠组装成电芯， 然后加入电解液， 组装成电池。 得到的电池， 记作 Dl。
实施例 d2
与实施例 dl所不同的是， 明胶的盾量百分含量为 0.01%; 其它部分同实 施例 dl。 得到的电池， 记作 D2。
实施例 d3
与实施例 dl 所不同的是， 明胶的盾量百分含量为 0.5%; 其它部分同实 施例 dl。 得到的电池， 记作 D3。
实施例 d4
与实施例 dl 所不同的是， 电解液为甲磺酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 甲磺酸锂 浓度为 3mol/L、 明胶的盾量百分含量为 0.05%的电解液， 其它部分同实施例 d l o 得到的电池， 记作 D4。
实施例 d5
与实施例 d4所不同的是， 明胶的盾量百分含量为 0.01 % ; 其它部分同实 施例 d4。 得到的电池， 记作 D5。
实施例 d6
与实施例 d4所不同的是， 明胶的盾量百分含量为 0.5% ; 其它部分同实 施例 d4。 得到的电池， 记作 D6。
实施例 d7
与实施例 d l 所不同的是， 用糊精代替明胶， 其它部分同实施例 d l。 得 到的电池， 记作 D7。
实施例 8
与实施例 d l 所不同的是， 用琼脂代替明胶， 其它部分同实施例 d l。 得 到的电池， 记作 A8。
实施例 d9
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90 : 5 :2.5 :2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极 集流体 （ 50μιη 的不锈钢板） 两面上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6cm X 6cm大小， 制成正极。
称取一定盾量的甲基磺酸锌、 甲基磺酸锂， 加入水中溶解， 然后加入明 胶， 配置成甲磺酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 甲磺酸锂浓度为 3mol/L的电解液。
釆用厚 50μιη的锌箔作为负极。
将 2重量份明胶加入 98重量份的 1 .5mol/L硫酸锌溶液中， 搅拌均匀， 形成分散体系。 将分散体系涂覆在负极上， 晾置。
隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜。 隔膜和负极尺寸与正极相当。
将正极、 隔膜、 负极层叠组装成电芯， 然后加入电解液， 组装成电池。 得到的电池， 记作 D9。
实施例 dlO
与实施例 d9所不同的是， 将 20重量份明胶加入 80重量份的 1 .5mol/L 硫酸锌溶液中， 搅拌均勾， 形成分散体系。 其它部分同实施例 d9。 得到的电池， 记作 D 10。
对比例 del
将锰酸锂 LMO、导电剂石墨、粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 90:5:2.5:2.5 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极 集流体 （ 50μιη 的不锈钢板） 两面上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6cm X 6cm大小， 制成正极。
釆用厚 50μιη的锌箔作为负极。 隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜和负极 尺寸与正极相当。
称取一定盾量的硫酸锌、 硫酸锂， 加入水中溶解， 配置成硫酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 石克酸锂浓度为 lmol/L的电解液。
将正极、 负极以及隔膜层叠组装成电芯，装入壳体内， 然后注入电解液， 封口， 组装成电池。 得到的电池， 记作 DC1。
对比例 dc2
与对比例 del所不同的是， 釆用甲磺酸锌浓度为 2mol/L、 甲磺酸锂浓度 为 3mol/L的电解液， 其它部分同对比例 del。
得到的电池， 记作 DC2。
性能测试：
常温枝晶测试：
将电池 D1-D10以及 DC1-DC2在常温下充放电循环设定的次数， 然后将 电池拆解， 观察枝晶情况。 观察结果见表 6。
表 6为常温枝晶观察结果
Figure imgf000073_0001
D7 30 无沉积 无 无
D8 30 无沉积 无 无
D9 45 有点状锌沉积 无 无
D10 75 有点状锌沉积 无 无
DCl 30 有大量锌沉积 很多枝晶 很多枝晶
DC2 30 有大量锌沉积 很多枝晶 很多枝晶
表 6可以看出， 电池 D1-D6在循环 70 次之后， 电池 D7-D8 在循环 30 次之后， 电池 D9在循环 45次之后， 电池 D10在循环 75次之后， 均没有明 显观察到枝晶的产生。 而电池 DC1及 DC2在循环 30次之后， 就明显看到有 大量的枝晶生成。 这说明电池中加入了负极改性剂， 可以大大抑制了 负极枝 晶的生成， 有效提高了电池的安全性能。
高温枝晶测试：
将电池 D1-D6在 60°C下充放电循环 10次， 然后将电池拆解， 观察枝晶 情况。 观察结果见表 7。
表 7为高温枝晶观察结果
Figure imgf000074_0001
从表 7可以看出， 电池 D1-D6在 60°C下， 依然没有产生枝晶。 这说明 将负极改性剂分散到电解液中， 即使在 60°C的高温环境下， 仍然能很好地抑 制负极枝晶的产生， 有效改善了电池的高温性能。
产气量测试：
称量 5g锌粉， 分别加入 20ml的电池 D2、 DC2的电解液中， 然后密封， 在 50°C下静置 3天， 记录每天所产生的气体量。 测试结果见表 8。
表 8为 D2及 DC2在 50°C下静置的产气量
Figure imgf000074_0002
Figure imgf000075_0001
从表 8可以看出， 电池 D2的电解液产生气体的量远远小于电池 DC2的 电解液产生气体的量。 这说明将负极改性剂分散到电解液中， 可以有效抑制 电解液与负极活性物盾之间的副反应， 有效降低了气体的产生。
实施例 fl
将锰酸锂 LMO、 导电剂石墨， 粘结剂丁苯橡胶 （ SBR) 和羧甲基纤维素 钠 （ CMC) 按照盾量比 LMO:CMC:SBR:石墨 =86.5:1:2.5:10 在水中混合， 形 成均勾的正极浆料。 石墨的中值粒径 d50 为 3.4μιη, dlO 为 2μιη。 将正极浆 料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极集流体的两面上， 形成活性物盾层， 正极集流 体为 ΙΟΟμιη厚的不锈钢板， 将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6x6cm大小， 制成正极。
釆用厚 50μιη 的锌箔作为负极。 隔膜为 AGM 玻璃纤维隔膜。 隔膜和负 极尺寸与正极相当。 将正极、 负极以及隔膜层叠组装成电芯， 装入壳体内， 然后分别注入电解液至注满， 电解液为含有 2mol/L硫酸锌和 lmol/L硫酸锂 的水溶液。 封口， 组装成电池。
实施例 f2
与实施例 fl 所不同的是， 导电剂石墨的中值粒径 d50为 8.0μιη、 dlO为 3μηι, 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 fl , 制成正极。
实施例 f3
与实施例 fl 所不同的是， 导电剂石墨的中值粒径 d50 为 18.6μιη、 dlO 为 5μιη, 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 fl, 制成正极。
实旅例 f4
与实施例 fl 所不同的是， 导电剂石墨的中值粒径 d50 为 36.1μιη, dlO 为 ΙΟμιη, 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 fl, 制成正极。
对比例 fcl
将锰酸锂 LMO、 导电剂碳黑 Super-P、 粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量比 LMO:CMC:SBR: Super-P=90.5: 1 :2.5:6在水中混合， 形成均匀的正极浆料。 导 电剂碳黑的中值粒径 d50为 0.2μιη。将正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的 ΙΟΟμιη 厚的不锈钢板正极集流体两面上形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁 成 6 x 6cm大小， 制成正极。 电池其余构成同实施例 fl。
实施例 f5
与实施例 fl 所不同的是， 电池的电解液为含有 2mol/L 甲基磺酸锌和 3 mol/L甲基磺酸锂的水溶液， 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 fl。
实施例 f6
与实施例 f2 所不同的是， 电池的电解液为含有 2mol/L 甲基磺酸锌和 3 mol/L甲基磺酸锂的水溶液， 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 f2。
实施例 f7
与实施例 f3 所不同的是， 电池的电解液为含有 2mol/L 甲基磺酸锌和 3 mol/L甲基磺酸锂的水溶液， 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 f3。
实施例 f8
与实施例 f4 所不同的是， 电池的电解液为含有 2mol/L 甲基磺酸锌和 3 mol/L甲基磺酸锂的水溶液， 其他正极组成和材料同实施例 f4。
对比例 fc2
与对比例 fc l 所不同的是， 电池的电解液为含有 2mol/L 甲基磺酸锌和 3 mol/L甲基磺酸锂的水溶液， 其他正极组成和材料同对比例 fc l。
性能测试：
产气测试：
将电池充满电， 取出正极极片， 置于针筒， 加入电解液， 密封， 测试每 天的产气量。 测试结果见表 9 , 表 9为在 60 °C下静置的产气量。
表 9
Figure imgf000076_0001
实施例 f8 36. 1 3 4 对比例 fc2 0.2 4.5 7.3 从表 9中可以看出， 当电池电解盾盐为硫酸盐时， 含有本发明提供的石 墨， 正极产气得到明显抑制， 第一天产气量从 10ml下降为 4-5ml , 累计 6天 的产气量从 25ml下降为 5-7ml。 这一结果表明本发明提供的正极材料中的导 电剂具有很好的稳定性能和抗腐蚀性能。
另外， 当电池电解盾盐为甲基磺酸盐时， 正极产气量有所下降， 第一天 产气量从 4.5ml下降至 3 -4ml , 累计 6天的产气量从 7.3ml下降为 4-5ml。 这 一结果进一步表明导电剂具有很好的稳定性和抗腐蚀性， 同时导电剂与甲基 磺酸根离子的结合可以进一步抑制正极产气， 具体表现在对比例 fc2 中正极 的第一天产气量相对于对比例 fc l就有明显下降。
自放电测试：
将实施例 fl -f8 , 对比例 fc l -fc2 中电池充满电， 60 °C搁置一天或者室温 搁置 28天， 测试电池剩余的容量。 测试结果见表 10 , 表 10为在 60 °C搁置一 天或者室温搁置 28天后电池剩余容量。
表 10
Figure imgf000077_0001
从表 10可以看出， 含有本发明提供的导电剂石墨的电池， 表现出相对较 高的容量保持率， 同时， 电池含有甲基磺酸盐电解盾对提高容量保持率有一 定积极作用。
实施例 f9
将锰酸锂 LMO、 导电剂石墨， 粘结剂丁苯橡胶 （ SBR ) 和羧甲基纤维素 钠 （ CMC ) 按照盾量比 LMO:CMC:SBR:石墨 =86.5:1:2.5:10 在水中混合， 形 成均匀的正极浆料。 导电剂石墨的中值粒径 d50 为 8.0μιη、 dlO 为 3μιη。 将 正极浆料涂覆在包覆有导电膜的正极集流体的两面上， 形成活性物盾层， 正 极集流体为 ΙΟΟμιη 厚的不锈钢板， 将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6x6cm 大小， 制 成正极。
釆用 50μιη厚的锌箔作为负极活性物盾 , 20μιη厚的黄铜箔作为负极集流 体。 锌箔和黄铜箔叠加设置构成负极。
隔膜为 AGM 玻璃纤维隔膜。 隔膜和负极尺寸与正极相当。 将正极、 负 极以及隔膜层叠组装成电芯， 装入壳体内， 然后分别注入电解液至饱和， 电 解液为含有 2mol/L硫酸锌和 lmol/L硫酸锂的水溶液。 封口， 组装成电池。 实施例 flO
与实施例 f9 不同的是， 将锰酸锂 LMO、 导电剂石墨， 粘结剂丁苯橡胶 ( SBR ) 和羧甲基纤维素钠 （ CMC ) 按照盾量比 LMO:CMC:SBR:石 墨 = 84.5:1:2.5:12在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料， 电池其他正极组成和材料 同实施例 f 9。
自放电测试
以 0.2C对实施例 f9和实施例 fl 0中电池进行恒流充电， 充至 2. IV后对 电池进行恒压充电， 限流 0.2C至电流减少到 0.02C为止。 60°C搁置一天， 待 电池冷却至室温， 测试电池的容量损失。
实验结果为实施例 f9中电池容量 60°C搁置一天损失 12%, 而实施例 Π0 中电池 60°C搁置一天容量损失 13%。 这一结果表明增加正极浆料中导电剂石 墨的含量会略微增加电池自放电。
浮充测试：
常温下， 以 0.2C对实施例 f9和 flO 中的电池充电至 2.0V, 标定电池容 量， 再将电池浮充 168h, 然后以 0.2C放电至 1.4V。 测试电池的放电容量。 以电池的放电容量降至 50%作为电池的浮充寿命。
实施例 f9和 flO中电池浮充寿命分别为 2周和 4周， 这一结果表明增加 正极浆料中导电剂石墨的含量虽然在电池自放电上有稍微的副作用， 但是电 池浮充寿命会增加一倍。 实施例 rl
制备正极： 将锰酸锂 LMO, 导电剂 super-P, 粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾 量比 90:5:2.5:2.5在水中混合，形成均匀的正极浆料，水中固体含量为 60-70%。 将尼龙网完全浸入到正极浆料中，然后将粘有正极浆料的尼龙网取出，在 60°C 下烘千， 形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6x6cm 大小， 制成正 极片， 正极片厚度为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。
导电膜为含有聚乙烯和导电炭黑的复合材料。 导电膜厚度为 50μιη。
正极集流体为 50μιη的冲孔碳钢。
将正极集流体置于两片导电膜中间， 导电膜尺寸比正极集流体稍大， 在 115-140°C下，通过气压机使导电膜和正极集流体复合在一起，压力为 0.5MPa, 并保证导电膜比冲孔碳钢多出部分密封完好。
再将制备好的复合集流体置于两片正极片之间， 重复上述步骤制得正极。 每一步复合时， 气压机的按压时间为 10s。
隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 负极为厚 50μιη的锌箔， 隔膜和负极尺寸与 正极相当。
电解液为 2mol/L的 ZnS04和 lmol/L的 Li2S04混合水溶液。
电池组装完成后， 注入电解液。 静止 3 小时， 即可开始充放电测试。 充放电测试：
以 0.2C对电池进行恒流充放电， 电压范围为 1.4-2. IV, 充放电拒（擎天）。 实施例 r2
在实施例 r2 中， 导电膜厚度为 ΙΟΟμιη, 电池其余组成以及制备方法同实 施例 rl。
对比例 rcl
在对比例 rcl 中， 正极的制作不是釆用热复合， 而只是筒单物理叠加正极 片、 导电膜和正极集流体。 电池其余组成以及制备方法同实施例 rl。
图 19示例的给出了实施例 rl和对比例 rcl中电池在第一次充放电过程中电 池内阻对时间的关系曲线图。 图 1中一國一表示对比例 rcl中的电池充电过程； 一*一表示对比例 rcl中的电池放电过程；一 A—表示实施例 rl中的电池充电过 程； 一 T一表示实施例 rl中的电池放电过程。
从图中可以看出， 实施例 rl 中电池内阻曲线平台要氐于对比例 rcl 中曲 线平台， 说明实施例 rl 中电池的充放电内阻要明显低于对比例 rcl 中电池。 同时， 随着电池充放电循环次数增加， 实施例 r l 中电池内阻几乎没有变化， 而对比例 rc l 中电池内阻逐步增加。 实验结果表明： 通过热压复合方法制备的 正极， 能够明显改善正极内阻， 使含有正极的电池具有优异、 稳定的循环性 能。 另外， 实施例 r2中电池性能优于实施例 r l 中电池， 说明导电膜厚度对电 池性能有一定影响， 厚度为 Ι ΟΟμιη的导电膜的电池循环性能较佳。
实施例 r3
制备正极： 将锰酸锂 LMO , 导电剂 super-P , 粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾 量比 90 : 5 : 2.5 : 2.5在水中混合，形成均匀的正极浆料，水中固体含量为 60-70%。 将尼龙网完全浸入到正极浆料中，然后将粘有正极浆料的尼龙网取出，在 60 °C 下烘千， 形成活性物盾层， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 8 x 10cm大小， 制成正 极片， 正极片厚度为 0.4mm , 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。 正极集流体为 50μιη厚的穿孔 304不锈钢。 将制得的正极片和大小相当的正极集流体叠合在 一起形成正极。
隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维， 负极为厚 50μιη的锌板， 隔膜和负极尺寸与正极 相当。 将 5 片正极和 6 片负极交错排列， 正极和负极之间以隔膜隔开， 组成 一个电池， 理论容量约 6Ah。
电解液为 2mol/L的 ZnS04和 l mol/L的 Li2 S04混合水溶液， 调节电解液 pH为 4。 电池组装完成后， 注入 170毫升电解液， 静止 3 小时， 即可开始充 放电测试。 以 0.2C对电池进行恒流充放电， 电压范围为 1 .4-2. I V。
对比例 rc2
在对比例 rc2中，正极片是直接在正极集流体不锈钢上进行连续拉浆涂覆， 然后冲切成所需大小， 电池其余构成以及制作方法同实施例 r3。
图 20为实施例 r3和对比例 rc2提供的电池的放电曲线。从图中可以看出， 实施例 r3 中电池的放电容量要高于对比例 rc2 中的电池。 表明相对于直接在 集流体上形成正极活性物盾， 含有单独制备正极片的电池具有更高的放电容 量。
表 1 1列出了通过实施例 r3和对比例 rc2中提供的两种方法所制备的 5个 批次的正极片的容量， 从表中可以看出通过实施例 r3获得的正极片容量公差 (最大容量与最小容量之间的差值）较小， 正极片具有优异的容量一致性。 这一 结果表明本发明提供的电极片对电池一致性提高有非常显著的效果。
表 1 1 正极片编号 单独制造法正极片容量 连续拉浆法正极片容量
(；理论容量 1200m Ah) mAh mAh
1 1211 1253
2 1205 1239
3 1203 1104
4 1194 1191
5 1199 1189 公差 ±17mAh ±149mAh 实施例 r4
制备正极： 将锰酸锂 LMO , 导电剂石墨， 粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量 比 86.5:10:2.5:1 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将尼龙网完全浸入到正 极浆料中， 然后将粘有正极浆料的尼龙网取出， 在 60°C下烘千， 形成正极活 性物盾， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 6x6cm 大小， 制成正极片， 正极片厚度 为 0.4mm, 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。
复合集流体中导电膜为含有聚乙烯和导电炭黑的复合材料。 导电膜厚度 为 100μιη。
正极集流体为 50μιη的冲孔碳钢。
将正极集流体置于两片导电膜中间， 导电膜尺寸比正极集流体稍大， 在 115-140°C下，通过气压机使导电膜和正极集流体复合在一起，压力为 0.5MPa, 并保证导电膜比冲孔碳钢多出部分密封完好。
再将制备好的复合集流体与正极片贴合， 重复上述热压复合步骤制得正 极。 每一步复合时， 气压机的按压时间为 10s。
负极包括负极集流体和负极活性物盾， 负极集流体为厚 ΙΟμιη 的黄铜箔， 负极活性物盾为厚度 50μιη的锌箔。
电解液为 2mol/L的甲基磺酸锌和 3mol/L的甲基磺酸锂混合水溶液，调节 电解液 pH为 3.5。
隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维隔膜， 隔膜和负极尺寸与正极相当。
电池组装完成后， 注入电解液， 静止片刻即可开始充放电测试。
充放电测试：
以 0.2C对电池进行恒流充放电， 电压范围为 1.4-2. IV。
图 21是实施例 r4中电池放电容量与循环次数关系曲线。从图中可以看出， 电池具有稳定的循环性能。
实施例 r5
制备正极： 将锰酸锂 LMO , 导电剂石墨， 粘结剂 SBR和 CMC按照盾量 比 86.5 : 10 :2.5 : 1 在水中混合， 形成均勾的正极浆料。 将尼龙网完全浸入到正 极浆料中， 然后将粘有正极浆料的尼龙网取出， 在 60 °C下烘千， 形成正极活 性物盾， 随后将其进行压片， 剪裁成 8 x 10cm大小， 制成正极片， 正极片厚度 为 0.4mm , 正极活性物盾面密度为 750g/m2。 正极集流体为 50μιη厚的冲孔碳 钢。
复合集流体中导电膜为含有聚乙烯和导电炭黑的复合材料。 导电膜厚度 为 100μιη。
正极集流体为 50μιη的冲孔碳钢。
将正极集流体置于两片导电膜中间， 导电膜尺寸比正极集流体稍大， 在 1 15- 140 °C下，通过气压机使导电膜和正极集流体复合在一起，压力为 0.5MPa, 并保证导电膜比冲孔碳钢多出部分密封完好。
将制得的正极片和大小相当的复合集流体叠合在一起形成正极， 复合集 流体的两面均叠合有正极片。
负极包括负极集流体和负极活性物盾， 负极集流体为厚 Ι Ομιη 的黄铜箔， 负极活性物盾为厚度 50μιη的锌箔， 黄铜箔的两面均叠合有锌箔。
隔膜为 AGM玻璃纤维， 隔膜和负极尺寸与正极相当。
将 6 片正极和 7 片 负极交错排列， 正极和负极之间以隔膜隔开， 组成一 个电池， 理论容量约 6Ah。
电解液为 2mol/L的 ZnS04和 l mol/L的 Li2S04混合水溶液， 调节电解液 pH为 3.5。 电池组装完成后， 注入 170mL电解液， 静止 3 小时， 即可开始充 放电测试。 0.2C 恒流充电和 2.05或 2. I V恒压充电， 0.2C 恒流放电， 电压范 围为 1 .4-2. I V。
图 22是实施例 r5中电池放电容量与循环次数关系曲线。从图中可以看出， 电池的放电容量非常稳定， 电池充放电循环 40次的放电容量将近 6Ah , 几乎 没有衰减， 说明电池具有稳定的循环性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本 发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本 发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 .一种用于电池的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述电解液包括至少一种能够 溶解电解盾并使所述电解盾电离的溶剂； 所述电解液包括充放电过程中在正 极能够可逆脱出 -嵌入的第一金属离子和充电过程中在负极能够还原沉积为第 二金属的第二金属离子； 放电过程中第二金属可逆氧化溶解为第二金属离子； 所述电解盾中的阴离子包括烷基磺酸根离子。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述烷基磺酸根离子为 甲基磺酸根离子。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述烷基磺酸根离子的 浓度为 0.5~ 12mol/L。
4.根据权利要求 1 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述第一金属离子的浓 度为 l ~7mol/L , 所述第二金属离子的浓度为 l ~4mol/L。
5.根据权利要求 1 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述第一金属离子为锂 离子， 所述第二金属离子为锌离子。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述溶剂为水或醇。
7.根据权利要求 1 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述电解液还包括电解 液添加剂， 所述电解液添加剂包括 4必化合物。
8.根据权利要求 7 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述铋化合物为三氧化 二 4必或硝酸 4必。
9.根据权利要求 7 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述铋化合物占电解液 总重量的 0.01 %~5%。
10.根据权利要求 1所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述电解液还包括硫酸 根离子、 氯离子、 醋酸根离子和硝酸根离子中一种或几种。
1 1 .根据权利要求 10 所述的电解液， 其特征在于： 所述硫酸根离子与烷 基磺酸根离子的摩尔比为 1 :21 27 : 7。
12.—种电池， 其包括正极、 负极、 及电解液； 所述正极包括正极材料， 正极材料包括能可逆脱出-嵌入第一金属离子的正极活性物盾； 负极包括用于 负极充放电的载体； 其特征在于， 所述电解液为权利要求 1 - 1 1之一所述的电 解液。
13.根据权利要求 12 所述的电池， 其特征在于： 所述电池还包括负极改 性剂， 所述负极改性剂选自明胶、 琼脂、 纤维素、 纤维素醚及其可溶性盐、 糊精和环糊精中的一种或几种。
14.根据权利要求 13 所述的电池， 其特征在于： 所述负极改性剂包含在 负极的表面的涂覆层中。
15.根据权利要求 13 所述的电池， 其特征在于： 所述负极改性剂分散于 电解液中， 所述负极改性剂占电解液的盾量百分含量为 0.01%~2%。
16.根据权利要求 12所述的电池，其特征在于： 所述正极还包括导电剂， 所述导电剂选自石墨， 所述石墨的粒径小于 50μιη, 所述石墨的结晶度不低于 90%。
17.根据权利要求 16 所述的电池， 其特征在于： 所述石墨包括第一石墨 和第二石墨， 所述第一石墨的粒径范围为 15~50μιη, 所述第二石墨的粒径范 围为 5~15μιη。
18.一种电池组， 包括若千个如权利要求 12-17中任意一项所述的电池。
19.一种不间断电源， 包括如权利要求 12-17中任意一项所述的电池。
20.—种车辆， 包括如权利要求 12-17 中任意一项所述的电池作为发动机 驱动电源。
PCT/CN2014/081029 2013-06-28 2014-06-27 电解液及电池 WO2014206352A1 (zh)

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