WO2014199744A1 - 基板処理装置、デバイス製造方法及び露光方法 - Google Patents
基板処理装置、デバイス製造方法及び露光方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014199744A1 WO2014199744A1 PCT/JP2014/062180 JP2014062180W WO2014199744A1 WO 2014199744 A1 WO2014199744 A1 WO 2014199744A1 JP 2014062180 W JP2014062180 W JP 2014062180W WO 2014199744 A1 WO2014199744 A1 WO 2014199744A1
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- substrate
- projection
- mask
- exposure
- illumination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/24—Curved surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2051—Exposure without an original mask, e.g. using a programmed deflection of a point source, by scanning, by drawing with a light beam, using an addressed light or corpuscular source
- G03F7/2059—Exposure without an original mask, e.g. using a programmed deflection of a point source, by scanning, by drawing with a light beam, using an addressed light or corpuscular source using a scanning corpuscular radiation beam, e.g. an electron beam
- G03F7/2063—Exposure without an original mask, e.g. using a programmed deflection of a point source, by scanning, by drawing with a light beam, using an addressed light or corpuscular source using a scanning corpuscular radiation beam, e.g. an electron beam for the production of exposure masks or reticles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70141—Illumination system adjustment, e.g. adjustments during exposure or alignment during assembly of illumination system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70258—Projection system adjustments, e.g. adjustments during exposure or alignment during assembly of projection system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70275—Multiple projection paths, e.g. array of projection systems, microlens projection systems or tandem projection systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70808—Construction details, e.g. housing, load-lock, seals or windows for passing light in or out of apparatus
- G03F7/70833—Mounting of optical systems, e.g. mounting of illumination system, projection system or stage systems on base-plate or ground
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus, a device manufacturing method, and an exposure method that project a mask pattern onto a substrate and expose the pattern onto the substrate.
- the device manufacturing system includes a substrate processing apparatus such as an exposure apparatus.
- the substrate processing apparatus projects an image of a pattern formed on a mask (or reticle) arranged in the illumination area onto a substrate arranged in the projection area, and exposes the pattern on the substrate.
- a mask used in a substrate processing apparatus is generally a planar one, but a cylindrical one is also known in order to continuously scan and expose a plurality of device patterns on a substrate (Patent Document). 1).
- the projection exposure apparatus As a substrate processing apparatus, there is a projection exposure apparatus described in Patent Document 2.
- the photosensitive substrate is placed so that the surface of the photosensitive substrate and the best image plane of the pattern image projected by the projection optical system are relatively inclined with respect to the one-dimensional movement direction.
- the substrate holder is moved on the optical axis of the projection optical system in conjunction with the one-dimensional movement of the substrate stage so that the photosensitive substrate moves along the substrate holder held on the stage and during the scanning exposure.
- Holder driving means for moving in the direction With the above configuration, the projection exposure apparatus can change the focus state of the light beam projected on the exposure surface of the photosensitive substrate depending on the position of scanning exposure in the one-dimensional direction.
- the projection exposure apparatus described in Patent Document 2 tilts the substrate with respect to the projection optical apparatus (projection optical system) using the substrate holder. For this reason, adjustment (control) of the relative position becomes complicated.
- the substrate holder is provided for each scanning exposure of each exposure area on the substrate It is necessary to repeatedly control the inclination and movement in the focus direction at a high speed, which complicates the control and causes vibrations.
- the width of the exposure area on the substrate in the scanning exposure direction is small, the amount of exposure given to the photosensitive substrate decreases. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the illuminance per unit area of the exposure light projected onto the exposure region on the substrate, or to reduce the scanning exposure speed. Conversely, when the width of the exposure region on the substrate in the scanning exposure direction is increased, the quality (transfer fidelity) of the pattern formed may be reduced.
- An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide a substrate processing apparatus, a device manufacturing method, and an exposure method capable of producing a high-quality substrate with high productivity.
- a substrate processing apparatus including a projection optical system that projects a light beam from a mask pattern arranged in an illumination area of illumination light onto a projection area where a substrate is arranged.
- a first support member that supports one of the mask and the substrate so as to be along a first surface curved in a cylindrical shape with a predetermined curvature in one of the illumination region and the projection region;
- a second support member that supports the other of the mask and the substrate so as to follow a predetermined second surface in the other region of the illumination region and the projection region; and the first support member
- a moving mechanism for moving either the mask supported by the first support member or the substrate in the scanning exposure direction, and the projection optical system has a best focus on the exposure surface of the substrate.
- the position is the scan
- a substrate processing apparatus for projecting a light beam contained two positions in the light direction to the projection area is provided.
- a device manufacturing method is provided.
- the method comprising projecting a light beam onto the projection area, the exposure method comprising is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a device manufacturing system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the overall configuration of the exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the arrangement of illumination areas and projection areas of the exposure apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the illumination optical system and the projection optical system of the exposure apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram exaggeratingly showing the behavior of the illumination light beam and the projection light beam in the mask.
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the projection image plane of the mask pattern and the exposure plane of the substrate.
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing how the defocus amount changes within the exposure width.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing the overall configuration of the exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the projected image plane of the mask pattern and the exposure plane of the substrate.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between exposure coordinates and defocus.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between defocus and point image intensity.
- FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating an example of a relationship between a change in defocus amount and an intensity difference.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the defocus amount and the L / S contrast change.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the defocus amount and the change in the contrast ratio of L / S.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the defocus amount and the L / S CD and slice level.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the defocus amount and the contrast change of the isolated line.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the defocus amount and the change in the contrast ratio of the isolated line.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the defocus amount and the CD and slice level of the isolated line.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing the overall arrangement of an exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a view showing the overall arrangement of an exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the projection image plane of the mask pattern and the exposure plane of the substrate.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the exposure method.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a device manufacturing method.
- a substrate processing apparatus that performs exposure processing on a substrate is an exposure apparatus.
- the exposure apparatus is incorporated in a device manufacturing system that manufactures devices by performing various processes on the exposed substrate.
- a device manufacturing system will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a device manufacturing system according to the first embodiment.
- a device manufacturing system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a line (flexible display manufacturing line) for manufacturing a flexible display as a device. Examples of the flexible display include an organic EL display.
- the device manufacturing system 1 sends out the substrate P from the supply roll FR1 in which the flexible substrate P is wound in a roll shape, and continuously performs various processes on the delivered substrate P.
- a so-called roll-to-roll system is adopted in which the processed substrate P is wound around the collection roll FR2 as a flexible device.
- a substrate P that is a film-like sheet is sent out from the supply roll FR1, and the substrates P sent out from the supply roll FR1 are sequentially supplied to n processing apparatuses U1, U2. , U3, U4, U5,..., Un, and the winding roll FR2 is shown as an example.
- substrate P used as the process target of the device manufacturing system 1 is demonstrated.
- a foil (foil) made of a resin or a metal such as stainless steel or an alloy is used.
- the resin film material include polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyester resin, ethylene vinyl copolymer resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, cellulose resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, and vinyl acetate resin. Includes one or more.
- the thermal expansion coefficient may be set smaller than a threshold corresponding to the process temperature or the like, for example, by mixing an inorganic filler with a resin film.
- the inorganic filler may be, for example, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, alumina, silicon oxide or the like.
- the substrate P may be a single layer of ultrathin glass having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m manufactured by a float process or the like, or a laminate in which the above resin film, foil, or the like is bonded to the ultrathin glass. It may be.
- the substrate P configured in this way becomes a supply roll FR1 by being wound in a roll shape, and this supply roll FR1 is mounted on the device manufacturing system 1.
- the device manufacturing system 1 to which the supply roll FR1 is mounted repeatedly executes various processes for manufacturing one device on the substrate P sent out from the supply roll FR1. For this reason, the processed substrate P is in a state where a plurality of devices are connected. That is, the substrate P sent out from the supply roll FR1 is a multi-sided substrate.
- the substrate P is modified and activated in advance by a predetermined pretreatment, or a fine partition structure (concave / convex structure) for precise patterning on the surface is imprinted (micro stamper). The thing formed by etc. may be sufficient.
- the treated substrate P is recovered as a recovery roll FR2 by being wound into a roll.
- the collection roll FR2 is attached to a dicing device (not shown).
- the dicing apparatus to which the collection roll FR2 is mounted divides the processed substrate P for each device (dicing) to form a plurality of devices.
- the dimension in the width direction (short direction) is about 10 cm to 2 m
- the dimension in the length direction (long direction) is 10 m or more.
- substrate P is not limited to an above-described dimension.
- the X direction is a direction connecting the supply roll FR1 and the recovery roll FR2 in the horizontal plane, and is the left-right direction in FIG.
- the Y direction is a direction orthogonal to the X direction in the horizontal plane, and is the front-rear direction in FIG.
- the Y direction is the axial direction of the supply roll FR1 and the recovery roll FR2.
- the Z direction is the vertical direction, and is the vertical direction in FIG.
- the device manufacturing system 1 includes a substrate supply device 2 that supplies a substrate P, processing devices U1 to Un that perform various processes on the substrate P supplied by the substrate supply device 2, and processing is performed by the processing devices U1 to Un.
- the substrate recovery apparatus 4 that recovers the processed substrate P and the host controller 5 that controls each device of the device manufacturing system 1 are provided.
- the substrate supply device 2 is rotatably mounted with a supply roll FR1.
- the substrate supply apparatus 2 includes a driving roller R1 that sends out the substrate P from the mounted supply roll FR1, and an edge position controller EPC1 that adjusts the position of the substrate P in the width direction (Y direction).
- the driving roller R1 rotates while pinching both front and back surfaces of the substrate P, and feeds the substrate P to the processing apparatuses U1 to Un by feeding the substrate P in the transport direction from the supply roll FR1 to the collection roll FR2.
- the edge position controller EPC1 moves the substrate P in the width direction so that the position at the end (edge) in the width direction of the substrate P is within a range of about ⁇ 10 ⁇ m to several tens ⁇ m with respect to the target position. To correct the position of the substrate P in the width direction.
- the substrate collection device 4 is rotatably mounted with a collection roll FR2.
- the substrate recovery apparatus 4 includes a drive roller R2 that draws the processed substrate P toward the recovery roll FR2, and an edge position controller EPC2 that adjusts the position of the substrate P in the width direction (Y direction).
- the substrate collection device 4 rotates while sandwiching the front and back surfaces of the substrate P by the driving roller R2, pulls the substrate P in the transport direction, and rotates the collection roll FR2, thereby winding the substrate P.
- the edge position controller EPC2 is configured in the same manner as the edge position controller EPC1, and corrects the position in the width direction of the substrate P so that the end portion (edge) in the width direction of the substrate P does not vary in the width direction. .
- the processing device U1 is a coating device that applies a photosensitive functional liquid to the surface of the substrate P supplied from the substrate supply device 2.
- a photosensitive functional liquid for example, a photoresist, a photosensitive silane coupling material (liquid repellent modifier), a photosensitive plating reducing material, a UV curable resin liquid, or the like is used.
- the processing apparatus U1 is provided with a coating mechanism Gp1 and a drying mechanism Gp2 in order from the upstream side in the transport direction of the substrate P.
- the coating mechanism Gp1 includes a pressure drum DR1 around which the substrate P is wound, and a coating roller DR2 facing the pressure drum DR1.
- the coating mechanism Gp1 sandwiches the substrate P between the pressure drum roller DR1 and the coating roller DR2 in a state where the supplied substrate P is wound around the pressure drum roller DR1. Then, the application mechanism Gp1 applies the photosensitive functional liquid by the application roller DR2 while rotating the impression cylinder DR1 and the application roller DR2 to move the substrate P in the transport direction.
- the drying mechanism Gp2 blows drying air such as hot air or dry air, removes the solute (solvent or water) contained in the photosensitive functional liquid, and dries the substrate P coated with the photosensitive functional liquid. A photosensitive functional layer is formed on the substrate P.
- the processing device U2 is a heating device that heats the substrate P conveyed from the processing device U1 to a predetermined temperature (for example, about several tens to 120 ° C.) in order to stabilize the photosensitive functional layer formed on the surface of the substrate P. It is.
- the processing apparatus U2 is provided with a heating chamber HA1 and a cooling chamber HA2 in order from the upstream side in the transport direction of the substrate P.
- the heating chamber HA1 is provided with a plurality of rollers and a plurality of air turn bars therein, and the plurality of rollers and the plurality of air turn bars constitute a transport path for the substrate P.
- the plurality of rollers are provided in rolling contact with the back surface of the substrate P, and the plurality of air turn bars are provided in a non-contact state on the surface side of the substrate P.
- the plurality of rollers and the plurality of air turn bars are arranged to form a meandering transport path so as to lengthen the transport path of the substrate P.
- the substrate P passing through the heating chamber HA1 is heated to a predetermined temperature while being transported along a meandering transport path.
- the cooling chamber HA2 cools the substrate P to the environmental temperature so that the temperature of the substrate P heated in the heating chamber HA1 matches the environmental temperature of the subsequent process (processing apparatus U3).
- the cooling chamber HA2 is provided with a plurality of rollers, and the plurality of rollers are arranged in a meandering manner in order to lengthen the conveyance path of the substrate P, similarly to the heating chamber HA1.
- the substrate P passing through the cooling chamber HA2 is cooled while being transferred along a meandering transfer path.
- a driving roller R3 is provided on the downstream side in the transport direction of the cooling chamber HA2, and the driving roller R3 rotates while sandwiching the substrate P that has passed through the cooling chamber HA2, thereby moving the substrate P toward the processing apparatus U3. Supply.
- the heating of the substrate P by the heating chamber HA1 is preferably set so as not to exceed the glass transition temperature when the substrate P is a resin film such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or PEN (polyethylene naphthalate).
- the processing apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) U3 projects and exposes a pattern such as a circuit for display or wiring on the substrate (photosensitive substrate) P having a photosensitive functional layer formed on the surface supplied from the processing apparatus U2. Exposure apparatus. Although details will be described later, the processing device U3 illuminates the reflective mask M with the illumination light beam, and projects and exposes the projection light beam obtained by the illumination light beam being reflected by the mask M onto the substrate P.
- the processing apparatus U3 includes a driving roller R4 that sends the substrate P supplied from the processing apparatus U2 to the downstream side in the transport direction, and an edge position controller EPC3 that adjusts the position of the substrate P in the width direction (Y direction).
- the driving roller R4 rotates while pinching both front and back surfaces of the substrate P, and sends the substrate P to the downstream side in the transport direction, thereby supporting the substrate P at the exposure position (also referred to as a rotating drum). Supply towards the.
- the edge position controller EPC3 is configured in the same manner as the edge position controller EPC1, and corrects the position of the substrate P in the width direction so that the width direction of the substrate P at the exposure position (substrate support drum) becomes the target position.
- the processing apparatus U3 includes two sets of drive rollers R5 and R6 that send the substrate P to the downstream side in the transport direction in a state in which the substrate P after exposure is slackened.
- the driving roller R5 cooperates with the previous driving roller R4 to apply a predetermined tension in the transport direction of the substrate P.
- the two sets of drive rollers R5 and R6 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the transport direction of the substrate P.
- the driving roller R5 rotates while sandwiching the upstream side of the substrate P to be transported, and the driving roller R6 rotates while sandwiching the downstream side of the substrate P to be transported, thereby directing the substrate P toward the processing apparatus U4. Supply.
- the substrate P is slack, it is possible to absorb fluctuations in the conveyance speed that occur downstream in the conveyance direction with respect to the driving roller R6, and to eliminate the influence of the exposure process on the substrate P due to fluctuations in the conveyance speed. can do.
- an alignment microscope that detects an alignment mark or the like formed in advance on the substrate P in order to relatively align (align) a partial image of the mask pattern of the mask M with the substrate P.
- AM1 and AM2 are provided.
- the processing apparatus U4 is a wet processing apparatus that performs wet development processing, electroless plating processing, and the like on the exposed substrate P transferred from the processing apparatus U3.
- the processing apparatus U4 has three processing tanks BT1, BT2, BT3 hierarchized in the vertical direction (Z direction) and a plurality of rollers for transporting the substrate P therein.
- the plurality of rollers are arranged so as to serve as a conveyance path through which the substrate P sequentially passes through the three processing tanks BT1, BT2, and BT3.
- a driving roller R7 is provided on the downstream side in the transport direction of the processing tank BT3. The driving roller R7 rotates while sandwiching the substrate P that has passed through the processing tank BT3, so that the substrate P is directed toward the processing apparatus U5. Supply.
- the processing apparatus U5 is a drying apparatus which dries the board
- the processing device U5 removes droplets and mist adhering to the substrate P wet-processed in the processing device U4, and adjusts the moisture content of the substrate P to a predetermined moisture content.
- the substrate P dried by the processing apparatus U5 is transferred to the processing apparatus Un through several processing apparatuses. Then, after being processed by the processing device Un, the substrate P is wound up on the recovery roll FR2 of the substrate recovery device 4.
- the host control device 5 performs overall control of the substrate supply device 2, the substrate recovery device 4, and the plurality of processing devices U1 to Un.
- the host control device 5 controls the substrate supply device 2 and the substrate recovery device 4 to transport the substrate P from the substrate supply device 2 toward the substrate recovery device 4.
- the host controller 5 controls the plurality of processing apparatuses U1 to Un to execute various processes on the substrate P while synchronizing with the transport of the substrate P.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the overall configuration of the exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the arrangement of illumination areas and projection areas of the exposure apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the illumination optical system and the projection optical system of the exposure apparatus shown in FIG.
- the processing apparatus U3 is referred to as an exposure apparatus U3.
- the exposure apparatus U3 shown in FIG. 2 is a so-called scanning exposure apparatus, and projects a mask pattern image formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical mask M onto the surface of the substrate P while transporting the substrate P in the transport direction.
- Exposure. 2 is an orthogonal coordinate system in which the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction are orthogonal to each other, and is an orthogonal coordinate system similar to that in FIG.
- the mask M is a reflective mask using, for example, a metal cylinder.
- the mask M is formed in a cylindrical body having an outer peripheral surface (circumferential surface) having a curvature radius Rm with the first axis AX1 extending in the Y direction as the center, and has a constant thickness in the radial direction.
- the circumferential surface of the mask M is a surface P1 on which a predetermined mask pattern is formed.
- the surface P1 of the mask M includes a high reflection portion that reflects the light beam in a predetermined direction with high efficiency and a reflection suppression portion that does not reflect the light beam in the predetermined direction or reflects it with low efficiency.
- the mask pattern is formed by a high reflection portion and a reflection suppression portion.
- the reflection suppressing unit only needs to reflect less light in a predetermined direction.
- the reflection suppressing unit may absorb light, transmit light, or reflect (for example, irregular reflection) in a direction other than a predetermined direction.
- the mask M can comprise a reflection suppression part with the material which absorbs light, or the material which permeate
- the exposure apparatus U3 can use a mask made of a metal cylinder as the mask M configured as described above. Therefore, the exposure apparatus U3 can perform exposure using an inexpensive mask.
- the mask M may be formed with all or part of the panel pattern corresponding to one display device, or may be formed with a panel pattern corresponding to a plurality of display devices.
- a plurality of panel patterns may be repeatedly formed in the circumferential direction around the first axis AX1, or a plurality of small panel patterns may be repeatedly formed in a direction parallel to the first axis AX1. May be.
- the mask M may be formed with a panel pattern for the first display device and a panel pattern for the second display device having a size different from that of the first display device.
- the mask M should just have the circumferential surface used as the curvature radius Rm centering on 1st axis
- the mask M may be an arc-shaped plate having a circumferential surface.
- the mask M may be a thin plate shape, or may be affixed to a cylindrical member so that the thin plate mask M is curved and follows the circumferential surface.
- the exposure apparatus U3 shown in FIG. 2 In addition to the drive rollers R4 to R6, the edge position controller EPC3, and the alignment microscopes AM1 and AM2, the exposure apparatus U3 includes a mask holding mechanism 11, a substrate support mechanism 12, an illumination optical system IL, and a projection optical system PL. And a lower control device 16.
- the exposure device U3 guides the illumination light emitted from the light source device 13 with the illumination optical system IL and the projection optical system PL, so that the light flux having the pattern of the mask M held by the mask holding mechanism 11 is supported by the substrate support mechanism. 12 is projected onto the substrate P held at 12.
- the lower-level control device 16 controls each part of the exposure apparatus U3 and causes each part to execute processing.
- the lower level control device 16 may be a part or the whole of the higher level control device 5 of the device manufacturing system 1. Further, the lower level control device 16 may be a device controlled by the higher level control device 5 and different from the higher level control device 5.
- the lower control device 16 includes, for example, a computer.
- the mask holding mechanism 11 includes a mask holding drum (mask holding member) 21 that holds the mask M, and a first drive unit 22 that rotates the mask holding drum 21.
- the mask holding drum 21 holds the mask M so that the first axis AX1 of the mask M is the center of rotation.
- the first drive unit 22 is connected to the lower control device 16 and rotates the mask holding drum 21 around the first axis AX1.
- the mask holding mechanism 11 holds the cylindrical mask M with the mask holding drum 21, but is not limited to this configuration.
- the mask holding mechanism 11 may wind and hold a thin plate-like mask M following the outer peripheral surface of the mask holding drum 21.
- the mask holding mechanism 11 may hold the mask M, which is an arcuate plate material, on the outer peripheral surface of the mask holding drum 21.
- the substrate support mechanism 12 includes a substrate support drum 25 that can rotate by supporting the substrate P on a cylindrical outer peripheral surface, a second drive unit 26 that rotates the substrate support drum 25, and a pair of air turn bars ATB1 and ATB2. And a pair of guide rollers 27 and 28.
- the substrate support drum 25 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an outer peripheral surface (circumferential surface) having a curvature radius Rp with the second axis AX2 extending in the Y direction as the center.
- the first axis AX1 and the second axis AX2 are parallel to each other, and a plane passing through the first axis AX1 and the second axis AX2 is a center plane CL.
- a part of the circumferential surface of the substrate support drum 25 is a support surface P2 that supports the substrate P. That is, the substrate support drum 25 supports the substrate P by winding the substrate P around the support surface P2.
- the second drive unit 26 is connected to the lower control device 16 and rotates the substrate support drum 25 about the second axis AX2.
- the pair of air turn bars ATB1 and ATB2 are respectively provided on the upstream side and the downstream side in the transport direction of the substrate P with the substrate support drum 25 interposed therebetween.
- the pair of air turn bars ATB1 and ATB2 are provided on the surface side of the substrate P, and are disposed below the support surface P2 of the substrate support drum 25 in the vertical direction (Z direction).
- the pair of guide rollers 27 and 28 are respectively provided on the upstream side and the downstream side in the transport direction of the substrate P with the pair of air turn bars ATB1 and ATB2 interposed therebetween.
- the pair of guide rollers 27, 28 guides the substrate P, one of which is conveyed from the driving roller R4, to the air turn bar ATB1, and the other guide roller 28, which is conveyed from the air turn bar ATB2. P is guided to the driving roller R5.
- the substrate support mechanism 12 guides the substrate P conveyed from the driving roller R4 to the air turn bar ATB1 by the guide roller 27, and introduces the substrate P that has passed through the air turn bar ATB1 into the substrate support drum 25.
- the substrate support mechanism 12 rotates the substrate support drum 25 by the second drive unit 26, thereby supporting the substrate P introduced into the substrate support drum 25 on the support surface P2 of the substrate support drum 25, while the air turn bar ATB2.
- Transport toward The substrate support mechanism 12 guides the substrate P conveyed to the air turn bar ATB2 to the guide roller 28 by the air turn bar ATB2, and guides the substrate P that has passed through the guide roller 28 to the drive roller R5.
- the low-order control device 16 connected to the first drive unit 22 and the second drive unit 26 synchronously rotates the mask holding drum 21 and the substrate support drum 25 at a predetermined rotation speed ratio, thereby An image of the mask pattern formed on the surface P1 is continuously and repeatedly projected and exposed onto the surface of the substrate P (surface curved along the circumferential surface) wound around the support surface P2 of the substrate support drum 25.
- the light source device 13 emits an illumination light beam EL1 that is illuminated by the mask M.
- the light source device 13 includes a light source 31 and a light guide member 32.
- the light source 31 is a light source that emits light of a predetermined wavelength.
- the light source 31 is, for example, a lamp light source such as a mercury lamp, a laser diode, a light emitting diode (LED), or the like.
- Illumination light emitted from the light source 31 includes, for example, bright ultraviolet rays (g-line, h-line, i-line) emitted from a lamp light source, far-ultraviolet light (DUV light) such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm), and ArF excimer laser light. (Wavelength 193 nm).
- DUV light far-ultraviolet light
- KrF excimer laser light wavelength 248 nm
- ArF excimer laser light ArF excimer laser light.
- the light source 31 emits an illumination light beam EL1 including a wavelength equal to or shorter than i-line (365 nm wavelength).
- the light source 31 emits a laser beam (355 nm wavelength) emitted from a YAG laser (third harmonic laser) or a YAG laser (fourth harmonic laser) as an illumination light beam EL1 having a wavelength of i-line or less.
- Laser light (wavelength of 266 nm), laser light emitted from a KrF excimer laser (wavelength of 248 nm), or the like can be used.
- the light guide member 32 guides the illumination light beam EL1 emitted from the light source 31 to the illumination optical system IL.
- the light guide member 32 includes an optical fiber or a relay module using a mirror.
- the light guide member 32 separates the illumination light beam EL1 from the light source 31 into a plurality of light beams and guides the plurality of illumination light beams EL1 to the plurality of illumination optical systems IL.
- the light guide member 32 causes the illumination light beam EL1 emitted from the light source 31 to enter the polarization beam splitter PBS as light having a predetermined polarization state.
- the polarizing beam splitter PBS of the present embodiment reflects a light beam that becomes S-polarized linearly polarized light and transmits a light beam that becomes P-polarized linearly polarized light. For this reason, the light source device 13 emits the illumination light beam EL1 in which the illumination light beam EL1 incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS becomes a linearly polarized light (S-polarized light).
- the light source device 13 emits a polarized laser having the same wavelength and phase to the polarization beam splitter PBS.
- the light source device 13 uses a polarization plane preserving fiber as the light guide member 32 and maintains the polarization state of the laser light output from the light source device 13. Guide the light as it is.
- the light beam output from the light source 31 may be guided by an optical fiber, and the light output from the optical fiber may be polarized by a polarizing plate.
- the light source device 13 may polarize the randomly polarized light beam with a polarizing plate, or split it into P-polarized light beam and S-polarized light beam using a polarizing beam splitter PBS.
- the light transmitted through the polarization beam splitter PBS may be incident on the illumination optical system IL of one system, and the light reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS may be used as a light beam incident on the illumination optical system IL of another system.
- the light source device 13 may guide the light beam output from the light source 31 by a relay optical system using a lens or the like.
- the exposure apparatus U3 of the first embodiment is an exposure apparatus assuming a so-called multi-lens system.
- 3 is a plan view of the illumination area IR on the mask M held by the mask holding drum 21 as viewed from the ⁇ Z side (the left figure in FIG. 3), and the substrate P supported by the substrate support drum 25.
- a plan view of the upper projection area PA from the + Z side (the right view of FIG. 3) is shown. 3 indicates the moving direction (rotating direction) of the mask holding drum 21 and the substrate support drum 25.
- the multi-lens type exposure apparatus U3 illuminates a plurality of (for example, six in the first embodiment) illumination areas IR1 to IR6 on the mask M with the illumination light beam EL1, respectively, and each illumination light beam EL1 corresponds to each illumination area IR1 to IR6.
- a plurality of projection light beams EL2 obtained by being reflected by the projection are projected and exposed to a plurality of projection areas PA1 to PA6 (for example, six in the first embodiment) on the substrate P.
- the plurality of illumination areas IR1 to IR6 includes the first illumination area IR1, the third illumination area IR3, and the fifth illumination area IR5 on the mask M on the upstream side in the rotation direction across the center plane CL.
- the second illumination region IR2, the fourth illumination region IR4, and the sixth illumination region IR6 are disposed on the mask M on the downstream side in the rotation direction.
- Each illumination region IR1 to IR6 is an elongated trapezoidal region having parallel short sides and long sides extending in the axial direction (Y direction) of the mask M.
- each of the trapezoidal illumination areas IR1 to IR6 is an area where the short side is located on the center plane CL side and the long side is located outside.
- the first illumination region IR1, the third illumination region IR3, and the fifth illumination region IR5 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the axial direction.
- the second illumination region IR2, the fourth illumination region IR4, and the sixth illumination region IR6 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the axial direction.
- the second illumination region IR2 is disposed between the first illumination region IR1 and the third illumination region IR3 in the axial direction.
- the third illumination region IR3 is disposed between the second illumination region IR2 and the fourth illumination region IR4 in the axial direction.
- the fourth illumination region IR4 is disposed between the third illumination region IR3 and the fifth illumination region IR5 in the axial direction.
- the fifth illumination region IR5 is disposed between the fourth illumination region IR4 and the sixth illumination region IR6 in the axial direction.
- the illumination areas IR1 to IR6 are arranged such that the triangular portions of the oblique sides of the adjacent trapezoidal illumination areas overlap (overlapping) when viewed from the circumferential direction of the mask M.
- each of the illumination areas IR1 to IR6 is a trapezoidal area, but may be a rectangular area.
- the mask M has a pattern formation area A3 where a mask pattern is formed and a pattern non-formation area A4 where a mask pattern is not formed.
- the pattern non-formation region A4 is a region that hardly absorbs the illumination light beam EL1, and is arranged so as to surround the pattern formation region A3 in a frame shape.
- the first to sixth illumination regions IR1 to IR6 are arranged so as to cover the entire width in the Y direction of the pattern formation region A3.
- a plurality of (for example, six in the first embodiment) illumination optical systems IL are provided according to the plurality of illumination regions IR1 to IR6.
- the illumination light beam EL1 from the light source device 13 is incident on each of the plurality of illumination optical systems (divided illumination optical systems) IL1 to IL6.
- Each illumination optical system IL1 to IL6 guides each illumination light beam EL1 incident from the light source device 13 to each illumination region IR1 to IR6. That is, the first illumination optical system IL1 guides the illumination light beam EL1 to the first illumination region IR1, and similarly, the second to sixth illumination optical systems IL2 to IL6 transmit the illumination light beam EL1 to the second to sixth illumination regions IR2. Lead to IR6.
- the plurality of illumination optical systems IL1 to IL6 are arranged on the side where the first, third, and fifth illumination regions IR1, IR3, and IR5 are arranged (left side in FIG. 2) with the center plane CL interposed therebetween.
- IL1, third illumination optical system IL3, and fifth illumination optical system IL5 are arranged.
- the first illumination optical system IL1, the third illumination optical system IL3, and the fifth illumination optical system IL5 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the Y direction.
- the plurality of illumination optical systems IL1 to IL6 has the second illumination on the side where the second, fourth, and sixth illumination regions IR2, IR4, and IR6 are disposed (right side in FIG. 2) with the center plane CL interposed therebetween.
- An optical system IL2, a fourth illumination optical system IL4, and a sixth illumination optical system IL6 are arranged.
- the second illumination optical system IL2, the fourth illumination optical system IL4, and the sixth illumination optical system IL6 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the Y direction.
- the second illumination optical system IL2 is disposed between the first illumination optical system IL1 and the third illumination optical system IL3 in the axial direction.
- the third illumination optical system IL3, the fourth illumination optical system IL4, and the fifth illumination optical system IL5 are arranged between the second illumination optical system IL2 and the fourth illumination optical system IL4 in the axial direction.
- the first illumination optical system IL1, the third illumination optical system IL3, and the fifth illumination optical system IL5, and the second illumination optical system IL2, the fourth illumination optical system IL4, and the sixth illumination optical system IL6 are from the Y direction. They are arranged symmetrically.
- each of the illumination optical systems IL1 to IL6 has the same configuration, the first illumination optical system IL1 (hereinafter simply referred to as illumination optical system IL) will be described as an example.
- the illumination optical system IL converts the illumination light beam EL1 from the light source device 13 into a surface light source image in which a large number of point light sources are gathered in a planar shape in order to illuminate the illumination region IR (first illumination region IR1) with uniform illuminance. Koehler lighting method is applied.
- the illumination optical system IL is an epi-illumination system using a polarization beam splitter PBS.
- the illumination optical system IL includes an illumination optical module ILM, a polarization beam splitter PBS, and a quarter wavelength plate 41 in order from the incident side of the illumination light beam EL1 from the light source device 13.
- the illumination optical module ILM includes a collimator lens 51, a fly-eye lens 52, a plurality of condenser lenses 53, a cylindrical lens 54, and an illumination field stop 55 in order from the incident side of the illumination light beam EL1.
- the plurality of relay lenses 56 are provided on the first optical axis BX1.
- the collimator lens 51 is provided on the emission side of the light guide member 32 of the light source device 13.
- the optical axis of the collimator lens 51 is disposed on the first optical axis BX1.
- the collimator lens 51 irradiates the entire incident side surface of the fly-eye lens 52.
- the fly-eye lens 52 is provided on the emission side of the collimator lens 51.
- the center of the exit side surface of the fly-eye lens 52 is disposed on the first optical axis BX1.
- the fly-eye lens 52 divides the illumination light beam EL1 from the collimator lens 51 into a number of point light sources, and superimposes the light from each point light source so as to enter a condenser lens 53 described later.
- the exit-side surface of the fly-eye lens 52 on which the point light source image is generated is formed by various lenses from the fly-eye lens 52 through the illumination field stop 55 to the first concave mirror 72 of the projection optical system PL described later.
- the reflecting surface of the first concave mirror 72 is arranged so as to be optically conjugate with the pupil plane on which it is located.
- the condenser lens 53 is provided on the emission side of the fly-eye lens 52, and its optical axis is disposed on the first optical axis BX1.
- the condenser lens 53 irradiates light (illumination light beam EL1) from each point light source of the fly-eye lens 52 so as to be superimposed on the illumination field stop 55 via the cylindrical lens 54.
- the principal rays of the illumination light beam EL1 reaching each point on the illumination field stop 55 are all parallel to the first optical axis BX1.
- the principal rays of the illumination light beam EL1 that irradiates the illumination field stop 55 are in a telecentric state parallel to each other (parallel to the first optical axis BX1) in the Y direction in FIG. In the plane, a non-telecentric state in which the inclination with respect to the first optical axis BX1 sequentially changes in accordance with the image height position.
- the cylindrical lens 54 is a plano-convex cylindrical lens in which the incident side is a flat surface and the output side is a convex cylindrical surface, and is provided adjacent to the incident side of the illumination field stop 55.
- the optical axis of the cylindrical lens 54 is disposed on the first optical axis BX1, and the generating line of the convex cylindrical surface on the emission side of the cylindrical lens 54 is provided so as to be parallel to the Y axis in FIG.
- the principal rays of the illumination light beam EL1 immediately after passing through the cylindrical lens 54 are parallel to the first optical axis BX1 in the Y direction, and a certain point on the first optical axis BX1 in the XZ plane (strictly Is converged toward a line extending in the Y direction perpendicular to the first optical axis BX1.
- the opening portion of the illumination field stop 55 is formed in a trapezoidal shape (rectangular shape) having the same shape as the illumination region IR, and the center of the opening portion of the illumination field stop 55 is disposed on the first optical axis BX1.
- the illumination field stop 55 is masked by the relay lens (imaging system) 56 between the illumination field stop 55 and the cylindrical surface P1 of the mask M, the polarization beam splitter PBS, the quarter wavelength plate 41, and the like. It is disposed on a surface optically conjugate with the upper illumination region IR.
- the relay lens 56 is provided on the emission side of the illumination field stop 55.
- the optical axis of the relay lens 56 is disposed on the first optical axis BX1.
- the relay lens 56 irradiates the cylindrical surface P1 (illumination region IR) of the mask M with the illumination light beam EL1 that has passed through the opening of the illumination field stop 55 via the polarization beam splitter PBS and the quarter-wave plate 41. To do.
- the polarization beam splitter PBS is disposed between the illumination optical module ILM and the center plane CL.
- the polarization beam splitter PBS reflects a light beam that becomes S-polarized linearly polarized light at the wavefront dividing plane and transmits a light beam that becomes P-polarized linearly polarized light.
- the illumination light beam EL1 incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS is a light beam that is S-polarized linearly polarized light
- the reflected light (projection light beam EL2) from the mask M incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS is 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength. This is a light beam that is converted to P-polarized linearly polarized light by the plate 41.
- the polarization beam splitter PBS reflects the illumination light beam EL1 incident on the wavefront splitting surface from the illumination optical module ILM, while transmitting the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the mask M and incident on the wavefront splitting surface.
- the polarization beam splitter PBS preferably reflects all of the illumination light beam EL1 incident on the wavefront splitting surface, but reflects most of the illumination light beam EL1 incident on the wavefront splitting surface, and partially reflects it on the wavefront splitting surface. It may be permeated or absorbed.
- the polarization beam splitter PBS preferably transmits all of the projection light beam EL2 incident on the wavefront splitting surface, but transmits most of the projection light beam EL2 incident on the wavefront splitting surface and reflects a part thereof. Or you may absorb.
- the quarter-wave plate 41 is disposed between the polarization beam splitter PBS and the mask M, and converts the illumination light beam EL1 reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS from linearly polarized light (S-polarized light) to circularly polarized light.
- the circularly polarized illumination light beam EL1 is applied to the mask M.
- the quarter-wave plate 41 converts the circularly polarized projection light beam EL2 reflected by the mask M into linearly polarized light (P-polarized light).
- the illumination optical system IL is such that the principal ray of the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the illumination region IR on the surface P1 of the mask M is in a telecentric state both in the Y direction and in the XZ plane.
- the illumination light beam EL1 is illuminated onto the illumination area IR of the mask M. This state will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5 exaggerates the behavior of the illumination light beam EL1 applied to the illumination region IR on the mask M and the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the illumination region IR in the XZ plane (plane perpendicular to the first axis AX1).
- FIG. 5 the illumination optical system IL described above irradiates the illumination area IR of the mask M so that the principal ray of the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the illumination area IR of the mask M becomes telecentric (parallel system).
- the chief ray of the illumination light beam EL1 is intentionally made non-telecentric in the XZ plane and made telecentric in the Y direction.
- Such characteristics of the illumination light beam EL1 are given by the cylindrical lens 54 shown in FIG. Specifically, a line that goes to the first axis AX1 through a central point Q1 in the circumferential direction of the illumination region IR on the surface P1 of the mask M and a circle that is 1 ⁇ 2 of the radius Rm of the surface P1 of the mask surface M.
- the intersection point Q2 with (Rm / 2) is set, the curvature of the convex cylindrical surface of the cylindrical lens 54 is set so that each principal ray of the illumination light beam EL1 passing through the illumination region IR is directed to the intersection point Q2 on the XZ plane.
- each principal ray of the projection light beam EL2 reflected in the illumination region IR is in a state (telecentric) parallel to a straight line passing through the first axis AX1, the point Q1, and the intersection point Q2 in the XZ plane.
- each principal ray of the projection light beam EL2 is also telecentric in the Y direction.
- the plurality of projection areas PA1 to PA6 on the substrate P are arranged in correspondence with the plurality of illumination areas IR1 to IR6 on the mask M. That is, the plurality of projection areas PA1 to PA6 on the substrate P have the first projection area PA1, the third projection area PA3, and the fifth projection area PA5 on the substrate P on the upstream side in the transport direction across the center plane CL.
- the second projection area PA2, the fourth projection area PA4, and the sixth projection area PA6 are arranged on the substrate P on the downstream side in the transport direction.
- Each of the projection areas PA1 to PA6 is an elongated trapezoidal area having a short side and a long side extending in the width direction (Y direction) of the substrate P.
- each of the trapezoidal projection areas PA1 to PA6 is an area where the short side is located on the center plane CL side and the long side is located outside.
- the first projection area PA1, the third projection area PA3, and the fifth projection area PA5 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the width direction.
- the second projection area PA2, the fourth projection area PA4, and the sixth projection area PA6 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the width direction.
- the second projection area PA2 is arranged between the first projection area PA1 and the third projection area PA3 in the axial direction.
- the third projection area PA3 is arranged between the second projection area PA2 and the fourth projection area PA4 in the axial direction.
- the fourth projection area PA4 is arranged between the third projection area PA3 and the fifth projection area PA5 in the axial direction.
- the fifth projection area PA5 is arranged between the fourth projection area PA4 and the sixth projection area PA6 in the axial direction.
- the projection areas PA1 to PA6 are overlapped so that the triangular portions of the oblique sides of the adjacent trapezoidal projection areas PA overlap each other when viewed from the transport direction of the substrate P. ) Is arranged.
- the projection area PA has such a shape that the exposure amount in the area where the adjacent projection areas PA overlap is substantially the same as the exposure amount in the non-overlapping area.
- the first to sixth projection areas PA1 to PA6 are arranged so as to cover the entire width in the Y direction of the exposure area A7 exposed on the substrate P.
- the peripheral distance to is an even-numbered projection area PA2 (and PA4, PA6) from the center point of the odd-numbered projection area PA1 (and PA3, PA5) on the substrate P following the support surface P2 of the substrate support drum 25.
- a plurality of projection optical systems PL (for example, six in the first embodiment) are provided according to the plurality of projection areas PA1 to PA6.
- a plurality of projection light beams EL2 reflected from the plurality of illumination regions IR1 to IR6 are incident on the plurality of projection optical systems (divided projection optical systems) PL1 to PL6, respectively.
- Each projection optical system PL1 to PL6 guides each projection light beam EL2 reflected by the mask M to each projection area PA1 to PA6. That is, the first projection optical system PL1 guides the projection light beam EL2 from the first illumination area IR1 to the first projection area PA1, and similarly, the second to sixth projection optical systems PL2 to PL6 are second to sixth.
- the plurality of projection optical systems PL1 to PL6 has a first projection optical system on the side (left side in FIG. 2) on which the first, third, and fifth projection areas PA1, PA3, and PA5 are arranged with the center plane CL interposed therebetween.
- PL1, a third projection optical system PL3, and a fifth projection optical system PL5 are arranged.
- the first projection optical system PL1, the third projection optical system PL3, and the fifth projection optical system PL5 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the Y direction.
- the plurality of projection optical systems PL1 to PL6 has the second projection on the side (the right side in FIG.
- the second projection optical system PL2, the fourth projection optical system PL4, and the sixth projection optical system PL6 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the Y direction. At this time, the second projection optical system PL2 is disposed between the first projection optical system PL1 and the third projection optical system PL3 in the axial direction.
- the third projection optical system PL3, the fourth projection optical system PL4, and the fifth projection optical system PL5 are arranged between the second projection optical system PL2 and the fourth projection optical system PL4 in the axial direction.
- the first projection optical system PL1, the third projection optical system PL3, and the fifth projection optical system PL5, and the second projection optical system PL2, the fourth projection optical system PL4, and the sixth projection optical system PL6 are from the Y direction. They are arranged symmetrically.
- the projection optical system PL (hereinafter simply referred to as the projection optical system PL) will be described as an example.
- the projection optical system PL projects an image of the mask pattern in the illumination area IR (first illumination area IR1) on the mask M onto the projection area PA on the substrate P.
- the projection optical system PL includes the quarter-wave plate 41, the polarization beam splitter PBS, and the projection optical module PLM in order from the incident side of the projection light beam EL2 from the mask M.
- the quarter-wave plate 41 and the polarization beam splitter PBS are also used as the illumination optical system IL.
- the illumination optical system IL and the projection optical system PL share the quarter wavelength plate 41 and the polarization beam splitter PBS.
- the projected light beam EL2 reflected by the illumination region IR is converted from circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light (P-polarized light) by the quarter wavelength plate 41, and then transmitted through the polarization beam splitter PBS to become a telecentric imaging light beam.
- the light enters the projection optical system PL (projection optical module PLM).
- the projection optical module PLM is provided corresponding to the illumination optical module ILM. That is, the projection optical module PLM of the first projection optical system PL1 converts the mask pattern image of the first illumination area IR1 illuminated by the illumination optical module ILM of the first illumination optical system IL1 into the first projection area on the substrate P. Project to PA1. Similarly, the projection optical modules PLM of the second to sixth projection optical systems PL2 to PL6 have second to sixth illumination regions IR2 to IR2 illuminated by the illumination optical modules ILM of the second to sixth illumination optical systems IL2 to IL6. The image of the IR6 mask pattern is projected onto the second to sixth projection areas PA2 to PA6 on the substrate P.
- the projection optical module PLM includes a first optical system 61 that forms an image of the mask pattern in the illumination region IR on the intermediate image plane P7, and at least an intermediate image formed by the first optical system 61.
- a second optical system 62 for re-imaging a part of the image on the projection area PA of the substrate P, and a projection field stop 63 disposed on the intermediate image plane P7 on which the intermediate image is formed are provided.
- the projection optical module PLM includes a focus correction optical member 64, an image shift optical member 65, a magnification correction optical member 66, a rotation correction mechanism 67, and a polarization adjustment mechanism (polarization adjustment means) 68.
- the first optical system 61 and the second optical system 62 are, for example, telecentric catadioptric optical systems obtained by modifying a Dyson system.
- the first optical system 61 has its optical axis (hereinafter referred to as the second optical axis BX2) substantially orthogonal to the center plane CL.
- the first optical system 61 includes a first deflecting member 70, a first lens group 71, and a first concave mirror 72.
- the first deflecting member 70 is a triangular prism having a first reflecting surface P3 and a second reflecting surface P4.
- the first reflecting surface P3 is a surface that reflects the projection light beam EL2 from the polarization beam splitter PBS and causes the reflected projection light beam EL2 to enter the first concave mirror 72 through the first lens group 71.
- the second reflecting surface P4 is a surface on which the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the first concave mirror 72 enters through the first lens group 71 and reflects the incident projection light beam EL2 toward the projection field stop 63. .
- the first lens group 71 includes various lenses, and the optical axes of the various lenses are disposed on the second optical axis BX2.
- the first concave mirror 72 is arranged on a pupil plane where a large number of point light sources generated by the fly-eye lens 52 are imaged by various lenses from the fly-eye lens 52 through the illumination field stop 55 to the first concave mirror 72. Yes.
- the projection light beam EL2 from the polarization beam splitter PBS is reflected by the first reflecting surface P3 of the first deflecting member 70, and enters the first concave mirror 72 through the upper half field region of the first lens group 71.
- the projection light beam EL2 incident on the first concave mirror 72 is reflected by the first concave mirror 72, passes through the lower half field of view of the first lens group 71, and enters the second reflective surface P4 of the first deflecting member 70.
- the projection light beam EL2 incident on the second reflection surface P4 is reflected by the second reflection surface P4, passes through the focus correction optical member 64 and the image shift optical member 65, and enters the projection field stop 63.
- the projection field stop 63 has an opening that defines the shape of the projection area PA. That is, the shape of the projection area PA can be defined by the shape of the opening of the projection field stop 63. Therefore, when the aperture shape of the illumination field stop 55 in the illumination optical system IL shown in FIG. 4 can be similar to the shape (trapezoid) of the projection area PA, the projection field stop 63 can be omitted. When the aperture shape of the illumination field stop 55 is a rectangle that includes the projection area PA, the projection field stop 63 that defines the trapezoidal projection area PA is required.
- the second optical system 62 has the same configuration as that of the first optical system 61, and is provided symmetrically with the first optical system 61 with the intermediate image plane P7 interposed therebetween.
- the second optical system 62 has an optical axis (hereinafter referred to as a third optical axis BX3) that is substantially perpendicular to the center plane CL and parallel to the second optical axis BX2.
- the second optical system 62 includes a second deflecting member 80, a second lens group 81, and a second concave mirror 82.
- the second deflecting member 80 has a third reflecting surface P5 and a fourth reflecting surface P6.
- the third reflecting surface P5 is a surface that reflects the projection light beam EL2 from the projection field stop 63 and causes the reflected projection light beam EL2 to enter the second concave mirror 82 through the second lens group 81.
- the fourth reflecting surface P6 is a surface on which the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the second concave mirror 82 enters through the second lens group 81 and reflects the incident projection light beam EL2 toward the projection area PA.
- the second lens group 81 includes various lenses, and the optical axes of the various lenses are disposed on the third optical axis BX3.
- the second concave mirror 82 is arranged on a pupil plane on which a large number of point light source images formed by the first concave mirror 72 are imaged by various lenses from the first concave mirror 72 through the projection field stop 63 to the second concave mirror 82. ing.
- the projection light beam EL2 from the projection field stop 63 is reflected by the third reflecting surface P5 of the second deflecting member 80, and enters the second concave mirror 82 through the upper half field region of the second lens group 81.
- the projection light beam EL ⁇ b> 2 that has entered the second concave mirror 82 is reflected by the second concave mirror 82, passes through the lower half field of view of the second lens group 81, and enters the fourth reflecting surface P ⁇ b> 6 of the second deflecting member 80.
- the projection light beam EL2 incident on the fourth reflection surface P6 is reflected by the fourth reflection surface P6, passes through the magnification correction optical member 66, and is projected onto the projection area PA. Thereby, the image of the mask pattern in the illumination area IR is projected to the projection area PA at the same magnification ( ⁇ 1).
- the focus correction optical member 64 is disposed between the first deflection member 70 and the projection field stop 63.
- the focus correction optical member 64 adjusts the focus state of the mask pattern image projected onto the substrate P.
- the focus correction optical member 64 is formed by superposing two wedge-shaped prisms in opposite directions (in the opposite direction in the X direction in FIG. 4) so as to form a transparent parallel plate as a whole. By sliding the pair of prisms in the direction of the slope without changing the distance between the faces facing each other, the thickness of the parallel plate is made variable. As a result, the effective optical path length of the first optical system 61 is finely adjusted, and the focus state of the mask pattern image formed on the intermediate image plane P7 and the projection area PA is finely adjusted.
- the image shifting optical member 65 is disposed between the first deflecting member 70 and the projection field stop 63.
- the image shift optical member 65 adjusts the image of the mask pattern projected onto the substrate P so that the image can be slightly moved in the image plane.
- the image shifting optical member 65 is composed of a transparent parallel flat glass that can be tilted in the XZ plane of FIG. 4 and a transparent parallel flat glass that can be tilted in the YZ plane of FIG. By adjusting the respective tilt amounts of the two parallel flat glass plates, the image of the mask pattern formed on the intermediate image plane P7 and the projection area PA can be slightly shifted in the X direction and the Y direction.
- the magnification correcting optical member 66 is disposed between the second deflection member 80 and the substrate P.
- a concave lens, a convex lens, and a concave lens are arranged coaxially at predetermined intervals, the front and rear concave lenses are fixed, and the convex lens between them is moved in the optical axis (principal ray) direction. It is configured.
- the mask pattern image formed in the projection area PA is isotropically enlarged or reduced by a small amount while maintaining a telecentric imaging state.
- the optical axes of the three lens groups constituting the magnification correcting optical member 66 are inclined in the XZ plane so as to be parallel to the principal ray of the projection light beam EL2.
- the rotation correction mechanism 67 is a mechanism that slightly rotates the first deflection member 70 around an axis perpendicular to the second optical axis BX2 and parallel to the Z axis by an actuator (not shown), for example.
- the rotation correction mechanism 67 can rotate the first deflecting member 70 to slightly rotate the image of the mask pattern formed on the intermediate image plane P7 within the intermediate image plane P7.
- the polarization adjustment mechanism 68 adjusts the polarization direction by rotating the quarter-wave plate 41 around an axis orthogonal to the plate surface by an actuator (not shown), for example.
- the polarization adjusting mechanism 68 can finely adjust the illuminance of the projection light beam EL2 projected on the projection area PA by rotating the quarter wavelength plate 41.
- the projection light beam EL2 from the mask M emits each principal ray in a telecentric state from the surface P1 of the mask M in the illumination region IR. And enters the first optical system 61 through the polarization beam splitter PBS.
- the projection light beam EL2 incident on the first optical system 61 is reflected by the first reflecting surface (plane mirror) P3 of the first deflecting member 70 of the first optical system 61, passes through the first lens group 71, and is reflected by the first concave mirror 72. Reflected.
- the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the first concave mirror 72 passes through the first lens group 71 again and is reflected by the second reflecting surface (planar mirror) P4 of the first deflecting member 70, and the focus correction optical member 64 and the image shifter.
- the light passes through the optical member 65 and enters the projection field stop 63.
- the projection light beam EL2 that has passed through the projection field stop 63 is reflected by the third reflecting surface (planar mirror) P5 of the second deflecting member 80 of the second optical system 62, and then reflected by the second concave mirror 82 through the second lens group 81. Is done.
- the projection light beam EL2 reflected by the second concave mirror 82 passes through the second lens group 81 again, is reflected by the fourth reflecting surface (plane mirror) P6 of the second deflecting member 80, and enters the magnification correcting optical member 66. .
- the projection light beam EL2 emitted from the magnification correcting optical member 66 is incident on the projection area PA on the substrate P, and an image of the mask pattern appearing in the illumination area IR is projected to the projection area PA at the same magnification ( ⁇ 1). .
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the projection image plane of the mask pattern and the exposure plane of the substrate.
- FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a change in the focus position (defocus amount) of the pattern image projected in the projection area.
- the exposure apparatus U3 forms a projection image surface Sm of the pattern of the mask M by forming an image of the projection light beam EL2 by the projection optical system PL.
- the projection image plane Sm is a position where the pattern of the mask M is imaged, and is a position where the focus is best.
- the mask M is arranged in a curved surface (curved in the ZX plane) having a radius of curvature Rm.
- the projected image surface Sm is also a curved surface having a curvature radius Rm.
- the surface of the substrate P becomes the exposure surface Sp.
- the exposure surface Sp is the surface of the substrate P.
- the substrate P is held by the cylindrical substrate support drum 25 as described above.
- the exposure surface Sp becomes a curved surface (curved in the ZX plane) having a curvature radius Rp. Further, the projection image surface Sm and the exposure surface Sp have a curved axis in the direction orthogonal to the scanning exposure direction.
- the projection image surface Sm and the exposure surface Sp are curved surfaces with respect to the scanning exposure direction (the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the substrate support drum 25). Therefore, the projection image plane Sm is curved with a maximum surface difference of ⁇ Fm in the direction of the principal ray of the projection light beam EL2 at both end positions and the center position of the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction of the projection area PA.
- the surface Sp is curved with a surface position difference of a maximum ⁇ Fp in the principal ray direction of the projection light beam EL2 at both end positions and the center position of the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction of the projection area PA.
- the exposure apparatus U3 sets the mask M so that the exposure surface Sp (surface of the substrate P) positioned at the time of actual exposure becomes the actual exposure surface Spa with respect to the projection image surface Sm.
- the first axis AX1 and the second axis AX2 of the substrate support drum 25 are pivotally supported on the exposure apparatus main body.
- the actual exposure surface Spa intersects at two positions FC1 and FC2 different from the projection image surface Sm in the scanning exposure direction.
- the exposure apparatus U3 adjusts the position of each optical member of the projection optical system PL, or finely adjusts the distance between the mask M and the substrate P by either the mask holding mechanism 11 or the substrate support mechanism 12.
- the position in the normal direction (focus adjustment direction) of the actual exposure surface Spa relative to the projection image surface Sm can be changed by adjusting the focus correction optical member 64.
- the projected image surface Sm and the actual exposure surface Spa are set so as to intersect each other at two different positions FC1 and FC2 within the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction of the projection area PA. Accordingly, at each of the positions FC1 and FC2 within the exposure width A, the pattern image of the mask M is projected and exposed on the surface of the substrate P in the best focus state.
- the best focus surface (projection image surface Sm) of the pattern image to be projected is in a rear focus state positioned behind the actual exposure surface Spa
- the best focus surface (projection image surface Sm) of the pattern image to be projected is in a front focus state positioned in front of the actual exposure surface Spa.
- the pattern image on the substrate P is formed at the end portion As at the start of exposure.
- the exposure is performed with a predetermined defocus amount at the position, and then the defocus amount decreases with time.
- the exposure is performed with the best focus (the defocus amount is zero).
- the defocus amount increases in the reverse direction, and becomes the maximum defocus amount at the center position FC3 of the exposure width A.
- the defocus amount With the center position FC3 of the exposure width A as the inflection point, the defocus amount thereafter decreases, and the pattern image is exposed on the substrate P again in the best focus state at the position FC2.
- the defocus amount increases again, and the exposure of the pattern image ends at the other end Ae.
- the defocus direction that is, the defocus sign is different between the region between the position FC1 and the position FC2 and the region outside the position between the position FC1 and the position FC2.
- position As front focus state
- position FC1 position FC1
- position FC3 the best focus state
- position FC2 position of the front focus state
- the substrate P is exposed while continuously changing in the order of position Ae).
- Zero in the focus position (or defocus amount) on the vertical axis in FIG. 6B is the best focus state in which the difference (Sm ⁇ Spa) between the position of the projection image plane Sm and the position of the actual exposure surface Spa is zero.
- 6B represents the linear position of the exposure width A, it may be the position in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the
- the defocus amount in the front focus state (positive direction) at the end portions As and Ae of the exposure width A and the defocus amount in the rear focus state (negative direction) at the center position FC3 are the images of the projection optical system PL.
- Performance resolution, depth of focus
- exposure width A of the projection area PA minimum dimension of the mask pattern to be projected
- radius of curvature Rm of the surface P1 of the mask M projection image surface Sm
- outer peripheral surface of the substrate support drum 25 substrate A suitable range is determined by the radius of curvature Rp of the exposure surface Spa
- the surface P1 of the mask M and the surface of the substrate P are formed into a cylindrical shape so that the projection image plane in the scanning exposure direction in which the mask pattern is projected on the substrate P side and the exposure of the substrate to be exposed.
- a cylindrical shape difference can be given to the surface. Therefore, the exposure apparatus U3 can continuously change the focus state according to the position in the scanning exposure direction in the projection area PA only by the rotational movement of the mask M and the substrate support drum 25. It is possible to suppress a change in image contrast with respect to a proper focus.
- the exposure width A is set so that the best focus is obtained at two locations in the scanning exposure direction within the projection area PA, the average defocus amount within the exposure width A is reduced.
- the exposure width A can be increased.
- the illuminance of the projection light beam EL2 is reduced, or when the scanning speed of the mask M and the substrate P in the scanning exposure direction is increased, an appropriate exposure amount can be ensured, thereby achieving high production efficiency.
- the substrate can be processed. Further, since the average defocus amount with respect to the exposure width can be reduced, the quality can be maintained.
- exposure is performed with different focus positions according to the coordinate position (peripheral position) of the exposure width A, and as a result, a pattern image projected onto the substrate P in a different focus state over the exposure width A.
- the accumulated image will be described, but for the sake of simplicity, the concept will first be described with a point image intensity distribution.
- the point image intensity distribution is correlated with the contrast.
- the point image intensity distribution I (z) at a position defocused by z in the optical axis direction (focus change direction) is expressed by the following equation.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the illumination light beam EL1
- NA is the numerical aperture on the substrate side of the projection optical system PL
- I 0 is the intensity distribution at the ideal best focus position.
- ⁇ Dz ( ⁇ / 2 / ⁇ ) ⁇ NA 2 ⁇ z
- I (z) [sin ( ⁇ Dz) / ( ⁇ Dz)] 2 ⁇ I 0 It becomes.
- the exposure apparatus U3 adjusts the focus state (the positional relationship between the projection image surface Sm and the actual exposure surface Spa), thereby optimizing the intensity distribution (image contrast) of the pattern image obtained during exposure. Can be adjusted.
- the resolving power R and the depth of focus DOF of the projection optical system PL are expressed by the following equations.
- R k1 ⁇ ⁇ / NA (0 ⁇ k1 ⁇ 1)
- DOF k2 ⁇ ⁇ / NA 2 (0 ⁇ k2 ⁇ 1)
- k1 and k2 are coefficients that can vary depending on exposure conditions, photosensitive material (photoresist, etc.), or development processing or film formation processing after exposure, but the k1 factor of the resolving power R is approximately 0.4 ⁇
- the range of k1 ⁇ 0.8, and the k2 factor of the depth of focus DOF can be expressed as approximately k2 ⁇ 1.
- ⁇ Rm and ⁇ Rp are based on the curvature radius Rm of the projection image surface Sm (surface P1 of the mask M), the curvature radius Rp of the surface of the substrate P (actual exposure surface Spa), and the exposure width A, respectively. It is calculated by the formula.
- ⁇ Rm and ⁇ Rp represent ⁇ Fm and ⁇ Fp shown in FIG. 6A, respectively.
- said relational expression 1 satisfy
- the exposure width A and the curvature radii Rm and Rp are determined so as to satisfy the above relational expression 1.
- the exposure apparatus U3 is formed on the substrate P.
- Productivity can be improved while maintaining the quality of various patterns for display panels (line width accuracy, position accuracy, overlay accuracy, etc.). This point will be described in detail in the second embodiment.
- the change range of the defocus amount within the exposure width A that is, the defocus amount in the positive direction at the ends As and Ae shown in FIG. 6B and the center position FC3 of the exposure width A
- the exposure apparatus U3 determines that the difference in the scanning exposure direction between the projection image surface Sm of the pattern of the mask M and the actual exposure surface Spa of the substrate P is the exposure width of the projection area PA. It is preferably set so as to change line-symmetrically (symmetrical in FIG. 6B) about the center position FC3 of A as an axis.
- a section from the end As to the position FC1 and a section from the position FC2 to the end Ae where the defocus amount is positive within the exposure width A of the projection area PA, a section from the end As to the position FC1 and a section from the position FC2 to the end Ae where the defocus amount is positive.
- the positional relationship between the projected image surface Sm and the actual exposure surface Spa may be set so that they are substantially equal.
- a plurality of projection optical modules PLM are arranged in at least two rows in the scanning exposure direction, and in the Y direction orthogonal to the scanning exposure direction, the end of the projection area PA of the adjacent projection optical module PLM
- the portions (triangular portions) are overlapped with each other so that the pattern of the mask M is exposed in the Y direction. This suppresses the occurrence of band-like unevenness due to the contrast of the pattern image at the joint (overlapping area) between the two projection areas PA adjacent in the Y direction and the exposure amount being different.
- the projection image plane so that two best focus positions (positions FC1 and FC2) can be obtained with respect to the scanning exposure direction in the projection area PA on the actual exposure surface Spa (surface of the substrate P). Since the positional relationship between Sm and actual exposure surface Spa is set, the change in image contrast caused by dynamic defocusing in which the positional relationship between projected image surface Sm and actual exposure surface Spa slightly varies during scanning exposure is reduced. be able to. Therefore, a difference in image contrast generated in an overlap area between adjacent projection areas PA can be reduced, and a high-quality flexible display panel in which a joint portion is not conspicuous can be manufactured.
- the substrate when the projection areas PA of the plurality of projection optical modules PLM are arranged in the Y direction orthogonal to the scanning exposure direction (X direction), the substrate extends across the width of each projection area PA in the scanning exposure direction.
- the integrated value obtained by integrating the illuminance (exposure light intensity) on P is preferably substantially constant at any position in the Y direction orthogonal to the scanning exposure direction. Note that, even in a portion where the end portions of two projection areas PA adjacent in the Y direction partially overlap (triangular overlap area), the integrated value in one triangular area and the integrated value in the other triangular area The total is set to be the same as the integrated value in the non-overlapping area. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the exposure amount from changing in the direction orthogonal to the scanning exposure direction.
- the exposure apparatus U3 has a plurality of projection optical modules PLM arranged in the scanning exposure direction (odd number) as in the present embodiment by making the projection image surface Sm and the exposure surface Sp (actual exposure surface Spa) cylindrical. Even if two rows of even number and even number are arranged), the relationship between the projection image surface Sm and the exposure surface Sp (actual exposure surface Spa) is the same in each projection optical module PLM. Can be adjusted together.
- the projection image plane and the exposure plane are flat as in a normal multi-lens projection exposure apparatus, for example, in the projection area of the odd-numbered projection optical module, the projection image plane is exposed to increase the depth of focus.
- the projection image surface Sm and the exposure surface Sp are cylindrical surfaces, so that each projection of the two rows of projection optical modules PLM aligned in the scanning exposure direction is performed.
- the focus adjustment in the area PA is performed by the distance in the Z direction between the first axis AX1 of the rotation center of the cylindrical mask M and the first axis AX1 of the rotation center of the substrate support drum 25, or in each projection optical module PLM.
- This can be easily realized by adjusting the magnification correcting optical member 66. Thereby, a change in image contrast with respect to defocus can be suppressed with a simple apparatus configuration. Since the exposure width in the scanning exposure region can be increased while suppressing the change in image contrast, the production efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing the overall configuration of the exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) of the second embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus U3 of the first embodiment is configured to hold the substrate P passing through the projection area PA with the cylindrical substrate support drum 25, but the exposure apparatus U3a of the second embodiment is configured to hold the substrate P flat. It is configured to be held by a substrate support mechanism 12a that can be supported and moved in a shape.
- the substrate support mechanism 12a scans and moves the substrate stage 102 along the X direction within a plane orthogonal to the center plane CL, and the substrate stage 102 that holds the substrate P in a planar shape.
- a moving device (not shown).
- the substrate P may be a flexible thin sheet (a resin film such as PET or PEN, an extremely thin bent glass sheet, a thin metal foil, etc.) or a single-between glass substrate that hardly bends.
- the projection is reflected from the mask M, passes through each projection optical module PLM, and is projected onto the substrate P.
- the principal ray of the light beam EL2 is perpendicular to the XY plane.
- the illumination region IR2 (and from the center point of the illumination region IR1 (and IR3, IR5) on the cylindrical mask M)
- IR4, IR6 has a perimeter to the center point of the second projection area PA2 (and PA4, PA6) from the center point of the projection area PA1 (and PA3, PA5) on the substrate P following the support surface P2. Is set to be substantially equal to the linear distance in the X direction.
- the lower order control device 16 controls the moving device (linear motor for scanning exposure, actuator for fine movement, etc.) of the substrate support mechanism 12a, and is synchronized with the rotation of the mask holding drum 21.
- the substrate stage 102 is driven.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the projected image plane of the mask pattern and the exposure plane of the substrate.
- the exposure apparatus U3a forms the projection image plane Sm1 of the pattern of the mask M by forming the projection light beam EL2 with the projection optical system PL.
- the projection image surface Sm1 is a surface on which the cylindrical mask pattern surface of the mask M is imaged in the best focus state, and is a cylindrical surface.
- the illumination region IR on the mask M is a part of the curved surface (arc in the XZ plane) having the curvature radius Rm1 as described above
- the projected image plane Sm1 is also a curved surface (in the XZ plane) having the curvature radius Rm1.
- the planar surface of the substrate P on which the mask pattern image is projected becomes the exposure surface Sp1 (curvature radius ⁇ ).
- the projection image plane Sm1 (left side) of the odd-numbered projection area PA and the projection image plane Sm1 (right side) of the even-numbered projection area PA are both in the scanning exposure direction (X direction).
- the difference between the focus positions at both ends and the focus position at the center of the exposure width A is the same as shown in FIG.
- a surface position difference (focus change width) ⁇ Fm it is assumed that the surface of the substrate P is disposed on the actual exposure surface Spa1 during scanning exposure. Since the exposure surface Sp1 and the actual exposure surface Spa1 are flat surfaces, the amount of change in the surface position in the Z direction is zero within the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction of the projection area PA.
- the actual exposure surface Spa1 is set so as to intersect at two different positions FC1 and FC2 that are separated in the scanning exposure direction on the projection image surface Sm1. That is, the exposure apparatus U3a adjusts the magnification correcting optical member 66 and the like in the projection optical system PL, or finely moves one of the mask holding mechanism 11 (first axis AX1) and the substrate stage 102 in the Z direction. Thus, the relative positional relationship between the projection image surface Sm1 and the actual exposure surface Spa1 is set to a predetermined state.
- Each of the two positions FC1 and FC2 is a position at which the mask pattern image in the projection image plane Sm1 is exposed in the best focus state.
- the surface position difference (focus change width) ⁇ Fm shown in FIG. 8 is the same as ⁇ Rm in Equation 2 above. Is required. Therefore, when various simulations such as the projection state and the imaging characteristics in the exposure apparatus U3a of FIG. 7 are performed based on the formula 2, the results as shown in FIGS. 9 to 17 are obtained.
- the radius Rm of the surface P1 (projection image surface Sm1) of the cylindrical mask M is 250 mm (diameter: 500 mm), the wavelength ⁇ of the exposure illumination light beam EL1 is i-line (365 nm), and projection optics.
- the system PL is an ideal projection system having a numerical aperture NA equal to 0.0875, and the exposure surface Sp1 (actual exposure surface Spa1) is a plane having a curvature radius of ⁇ .
- the focal depth DOF of such a projection optical system PL is about 48 ⁇ m in width from ⁇ / NA 2 (approximately ⁇ 24 ⁇ m with respect to the best focus plane). Range).
- the depth of focus DOF may be 40 ⁇ m in width (in the range of approximately ⁇ 20 ⁇ m with respect to the best focus surface).
- FIG. 9 shows the defocus characteristic Cm within the exposure width A by such a projection optical system PL, the horizontal axis represents the coordinates in the X direction with the center position of the exposure width A as the origin, and the vertical axis represents This represents the defocus amount of the projection image plane Sm1 with the best focus position as the origin (zero point).
- the graph of FIG. 9 is also a plot of the surface position difference ⁇ Rm obtained by changing the coordinate position of the width A between ⁇ 10 mm and +10 mm in Expression 2 above with the exposure width A being 20 mm.
- the defocus characteristic Cm within the exposure width A has an arc shape because the surface P1 (projection image surface Sm1) of the mask M is curved in a cylindrical surface shape in the scanning exposure direction. To change.
- FIG. 10 is a graph simulating how the point image intensity changes with respect to the change in the depth of focus DOF in the defocus characteristic Cm shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the value of point image intensity. 10
- the point image intensity at the center (origin) of the exposure width A in the point image intensity distribution calculated when the depth of focus DOF is 0 ⁇ DOF under the defocus characteristic Cm in FIG. 9. Is normalized as 1.0.
- FIG. 11 is a graph simulating an example of the relationship between the change amount of the defocus characteristic Cm in FIG. 9 and the intensity difference (intensity change amount) that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A.
- FIG. 12 shows the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A and the line and space (L / S, L & S) when the best focus set by the apparatus and when the defocus generated by the apparatus is 24 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 13 is a graph simulating another example of the relationship between the defocus characteristic Cm that similarly changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A and the change in the contrast ratio of the L / S pattern.
- FIG. 12 shows the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A and the line and space (L / S, L & S) when the best focus set by the apparatus and when the defocus generated by the apparatus is 24 ⁇
- FIG. 14 is a graph simulating an example of the relationship between the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A, the CD value (critical dimension) of the L / S pattern, and the slice level.
- FIG. 15 is a graph simulating an example of the relationship between the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A and the contrast change of the isolated line (ISO pattern).
- FIG. 16 is a graph simulating another example of the relationship between the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A and the change in the contrast ratio of the isolated line.
- FIG. 17 is a graph simulating an example of the relationship between the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A, the CD value of the isolated line, and the slice level.
- the point image intensity distribution I (z) with respect to the defocus amount generated when the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A under the above-described conditions is shaken in units of focal depth DOF is shown in FIG. Seek like.
- the defocus width that changes the point image intensity distribution on the arc within the exposure width A for example, 0, 1 Calculation is made for the case of ⁇ DOF, 2DOF, 3 ⁇ DOF, 4 ⁇ DOF.
- the point image intensity distribution when defocusing is performed from that position is calculated with reference to the defocus amount and the slit width. In this way, the relationship between the defocus and the point image intensity distribution at the time of the defocus width changing on the circular arc within each exposure width A uniquely determined by the calculated exposure width A is summarized.
- the defocus width that changes on the arc within the exposure width is set to 0, 0.5 ⁇ DOF, 1 ⁇ DOF, 1.5 ⁇ DOF, 2 ⁇ DOF, 2.5 ⁇ DOF by the exposure apparatus U3a. , 3 ⁇ DOF, 3.5 ⁇ DOF, and 4 ⁇ DOF, the relationship between the point image intensity distribution and the focus error and defocus assumed at the time of exposure was calculated.
- the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A is set to various values, for example, The calculation is performed for 0 ⁇ DOF, 1 ⁇ DOF, 2 ⁇ DOF, 3 ⁇ DOF, and 4 ⁇ DOF. Further, when the defocus characteristic Cm changing in an arc shape within the exposure width A is various, the point image intensity distribution when defocusing from the position is calculated with reference to the defocus amount and the slit width. . In this way, the relationship between the point image intensity distribution and the defocus at each defocus characteristic Cm uniquely determined by the calculated exposure width A is summarized. Specifically, the defocus characteristics Cm as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis is the defocus amount [ ⁇ m]
- the vertical axis is the normalized point image intensity value.
- the exposure apparatus U3a projects the projection light beam EL2 on the substrate P by rotating the cylindrical mask pattern surface, that is, the projection image surface Sm1, so that the focus error assumed at the time of exposure is secondary. Make a change. Therefore, the behavior of the point image is slightly different between the defocus plus side and the minus side.
- the best focus is a position where the image intensity at the position where the defocus is +40 ⁇ m and the image intensity at the position where the defocus is ⁇ 40 ⁇ m are symmetrical.
- the swing width by rotation increases, that is, as the defocus width increases along the defocus characteristic Cm as shown in FIG. Point image intensity is low, and the change in point image intensity during defocusing is also small.
- a point image intensity change for each change of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A that is, a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the point image intensity is calculated, and the exposure width is further calculated.
- a difference in point image intensity change at two points where the defocus characteristic Cm is different by 0.5 DOF in A was calculated.
- the calculation result is shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 11 represents a difference amount between two point image intensity changes
- the horizontal axis represents an object for which the difference amount is obtained when the defocus characteristic Cm is changed every 0.5 DOF. That is, on the horizontal axis in FIG.
- the leftmost point image intensity difference (about 0.02) is obtained when the defocus characteristic Cm is changed by 0 ⁇ DOF and when the defocus characteristic Cm is changed by 0.5 ⁇ DOF. And the difference.
- the difference in the point image intensity changes when the defocus characteristic Cm changes from the state changed by 0.5 ⁇ DOF to the state changed by 1 ⁇ DOF and when the defocus characteristic Cm changes.
- the difference is generally large. In other words, in the range of 0.5 ⁇ DOF to 3 ⁇ DOF, the effect that the point image intensity change is moderate with respect to the change of the defocus amount is high. Therefore, it can be seen that it is highly effective to set the defocus amount along the defocus characteristic Cm so that the swing width is 0.5 to 3 times the focal depth DOF.
- the point image intensity value formed as an image on the photoresist is used.
- the k1 factor of the resolving power is about 0.5
- an image can be formed if the point image intensity is approximately 0.6 or more.
- the focus error expected as the exposure apparatus is a defocus width ( ⁇ 24 ⁇ m in the present embodiment) up to the definition expression ⁇ / NA 2 of the focal depth DOF, it is the defocus amplitude within the exposure region.
- the defocusing consideration target is set to the range of the focal depth definition formula, that is, ⁇ 24 ⁇ m in the present embodiment.
- the L / S (line and space) pattern was a pattern in which a plurality of linear patterns having a line width of 2.5 ⁇ m were arranged in a grid pattern at intervals of 2.5 ⁇ m in the line width direction.
- the illumination numerical aperture ⁇ which is an illumination condition by the illumination optical system IL, is set to 0.7.
- the defocus characteristic Cm shown in FIG. 9 is variously changed, that is, in the same manner as described above, 0 ⁇ DOF, 0.5 ⁇ DOF, 1 ⁇ DOF, 1.5 ⁇ DOF, 2 ⁇ DOF, 2 .5 ⁇ DOF, 3 ⁇ DOF, 3.5 ⁇ DOF, 4 ⁇ DOF, and 0.5 DOF, the light intensity distribution of the L / S pattern image in the best focus state and the DOF / 2
- the light intensity distribution of the L / S pattern image in the defocused state that is, in the state defocused at +24 ⁇ m or ⁇ 24 ⁇ m was calculated.
- FIG. 12 shows a plot of the change in contrast calculated for each of the best focus state and the DOF / 2 defocus state based on the calculation result.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 12 represents the defocus width of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A
- the vertical axis represents the contrast
- the contrast change in the best focus state is 0 ⁇ m (Best F)
- the contrast change was ⁇ 24 ⁇ m Def. Further, based on the results shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 shows the result of calculating the above.
- the horizontal axis represents the defocus width of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A
- the vertical axis represents the contrast.
- a CD (Critical Dimension) value [ ⁇ m] in the defocus width of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within each exposure width A and a slice level (light intensity of the image) assuming a photoresist were calculated.
- the CD value was calculated when the defocus was ⁇ 24 ⁇ m, and the slice level was calculated as the best focus.
- the calculation result is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 14 represents the defocus width on the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A, the left side of the vertical axis represents the CD value, and the right side represents the relative light intensity at the slice level. .
- the contrast ratio can be made close to 1, and the difference between the image contrast in the best focus state and the image contrast in the defocus state can be reduced.
- the cylindrical mask M cylindrical projection image surface Sm1
- the pattern line to be exposed is suppressed by a rotational movement only, and the change in contrast at the best focus and the contrast at the defocus is suppressed to be small.
- Scanning exposure with a large fluctuation margin in the focus direction (the radial direction of the cylindrical surface) between the projection image surface Sm1 and the surface of the substrate P can be performed while suppressing the change in width.
- the defocusing consideration target is the range of the definition formula of the depth of focus DOF, that is, ⁇ 24 ⁇ m in the present embodiment.
- the isolated line pattern was a linear pattern with a line width of 2.5 ⁇ m. Further, since the imaging state varies depending on the illumination condition, the illumination numerical aperture ⁇ as the illumination condition is set to 0.7.
- FIG. 15 represents the defocus width of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A, and the vertical axis represents the contrast of the isolated line pattern image. Further, based on the result shown in FIG. 15, the ratio of the contrast [0 ⁇ m (BestF)] in the best focus state and the contrast [ ⁇ 24 ⁇ mDef] in the DOF / 2 defocus state, that is, [ FIG. 16 shows the result of calculating 0 ⁇ m (Best F)] / [ ⁇ 24 ⁇ m Def].
- the horizontal axis represents the defocus width of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A
- the vertical axis represents the contrast ratio.
- a CD (Critical Dimension) value [ ⁇ m] in the defocus width of the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within each exposure width A and a slice level (light intensity of the image) assuming a photoresist were calculated.
- the CD value was calculated when the defocus was ⁇ 24 ⁇ m, and the slice level was calculated as the best focus.
- the calculation result is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 17 represents the defocus width on the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A, the left side of the vertical axis represents the CD value, and the right side represents the relative light intensity at the slice level. .
- the set focus position varies.
- the quality of the display panel and the electronic device sequentially manufactured on the substrate P can be kept good.
- the slice level at which the isolated line having the line width of 2.5 ⁇ m at the best focus becomes 2.5 ⁇ m increases as the defocus width due to the defocus characteristic Cm that changes in an arc shape within the exposure width A increases. As a result, the change in the line width with respect to the defocus is also reduced.
- the defocus width due to the defocus characteristic Cm changing on the arc within the exposure width A is 2.25 ⁇ .
- the slice levels (light intensity) for both the L / S pattern and the isolated line pattern are almost the same. Therefore, by setting the defocus width by the defocus characteristic Cm to a range of 2.25 ⁇ DOF, a high quality substrate can be manufactured even in the case of a mask pattern in which an L / S pattern and an isolated line pattern are mixed. As a result, both the L / S pattern and the isolated line pattern are allowed to coexist without considering the mask pattern line width correction (OPC, line width offset), etc., which is required when the slice levels do not match.
- OPC mask pattern line width correction
- FIG. 18 is a view showing the overall arrangement of an exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) according to the third embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus U3a of the second embodiment is configured to use a reflective mask in which light reflected from the mask becomes a projected light beam.
- the exposure apparatus U3b of the third embodiment uses light that has passed through the mask as a projected light beam.
- the transmission type mask is used.
- the mask holding mechanism 11a includes a mask holding drum 21a that holds the mask MA, a guide roller 93 that supports the mask holding drum 21a, and a drive roller 94 that drives the mask holding drum 21a. And a drive unit 96.
- the mask holding drum 21a forms a mask surface on which the illumination area IR on the mask MA is arranged.
- the mask surface includes a surface (hereinafter referred to as a cylindrical surface) obtained by rotating a line segment (bus line) around an axis parallel to the line segment (cylindrical center axis).
- the cylindrical surface is, for example, an outer peripheral surface of a cylinder, an outer peripheral surface of a column, or the like.
- the mask holding drum 21a is made of, for example, glass or quartz and has a cylindrical shape having a certain thickness, and its outer peripheral surface (cylindrical surface) forms a mask surface.
- the illumination area IR on the mask MA is curved in a cylindrical surface shape having a constant radius of curvature Rm from the center line.
- a portion of the mask holding drum 21a that overlaps the pattern of the mask MA when viewed from the radial direction of the mask holding drum 21a, for example, a central portion other than both ends in the Y-axis direction of the mask holding drum 21a is transparent to the illumination light beam EL1. Has light properties.
- the mask MA is created as a transmission type planar sheet mask in which a pattern is formed with a light shielding layer such as chromium on one surface of a strip-shaped ultrathin glass plate having a good flatness (for example, a thickness of 100 to 500 ⁇ m), It is used in a state in which it is curved along the outer peripheral surface of the mask holding drum 21a and wound (attached) around this outer peripheral surface.
- the mask MA has a pattern non-formation region where no pattern is formed, and is attached to the mask holding drum 21a in the pattern non-formation region. The mask MA can be released to the mask holding drum 21a.
- the mask MA is not directly wrapped around the mask holding drum 21a made of a transparent cylindrical base material, but is directly masked by a light shielding layer such as chromium on the outer peripheral surface of the mask holding drum 21a made of a transparent cylindrical base material.
- a pattern may be drawn and integrated.
- the mask holding drum 21a functions as a mask support member.
- the guide roller 93 and the driving roller 94 extend in the Y-axis direction parallel to the central axis of the mask holding drum 21a.
- the guide roller 93 and the driving roller 94 are provided to be rotatable around an axis parallel to the central axis.
- Each of the guide roller 93 and the drive roller 94 has an outer diameter at the end portion in the axial direction larger than the outer shape of the other portion, and the end portion circumscribes the mask holding drum 21a.
- the guide roller 93 and the drive roller 94 are provided so as not to contact the mask MA held on the mask holding drum 21a.
- the drive roller 94 is connected to the drive unit 96.
- the drive roller 94 transmits the torque supplied from the drive unit 96 to the mask holding drum 21a, thereby rotating the mask holding drum 21a around the central axis.
- the mask holding mechanism 11a includes one guide roller 93, but the number is not limited and may be two or more. Similarly, the mask holding mechanism 11a includes one drive roller 94, but the number is not limited and may be two or more. At least one of the guide roller 93 and the driving roller 94 is disposed inside the mask holding drum 21a and may be inscribed in the mask holding drum 21a. Further, portions of the mask holding drum 21a that do not overlap the mask MA pattern when viewed from the radial direction of the mask holding drum 21a (both ends in the Y-axis direction) are translucent to the illumination light beam EL1. It does not have to be translucent. Further, one or both of the guide roller 93 and the drive roller 94 may have a truncated cone shape, for example, and the center axis (rotation axis) thereof may be non-parallel to the center axis.
- the light source device 13a of the present embodiment includes a light source (not shown) and an illumination optical system ILa.
- the illumination optical system ILa includes a plurality of (for example, six) illumination optical systems ILa1 to ILa6 arranged in the Y-axis direction corresponding to each of the plurality of projection optical systems PL1 to PL6.
- various light sources can be used similarly to the various light source devices 13a described above.
- the illumination light emitted from the light source has a uniform illuminance distribution and is distributed to a plurality of illumination optical systems ILa1 to ILa6 via a light guide member such as an optical fiber.
- Each of the plurality of illumination optical systems ILa1 to ILa6 includes a plurality of optical members such as lenses.
- Each of the plurality of illumination optical systems ILa1 to ILa6 includes, for example, an integrator optical system, a rod lens, a fly-eye lens, and the like, and illuminates the illumination region IR with an illumination light beam EL1 having a uniform illuminance distribution.
- the plurality of illumination optical systems ILa1 to ILa6 are arranged inside the mask holding drum 21a.
- Each of the plurality of illumination optical systems IL1 to IL6 illuminates each illumination area on the mask MA held on the outer peripheral surface of the mask holding drum 21a through the mask holding drum 21a from the inside of the mask holding drum 21a.
- the light source device 13a guides the light emitted from the light source by the illumination optical systems ILa1 to ILa6, and irradiates the mask MA with the guided illumination light beam EL1 from the inside of the mask holding drum 21a.
- the light source device 13 illuminates a part of the mask MA (illumination region IR) held by the mask holding mechanism 11a with uniform brightness using the illumination light beam EL1.
- the light source may be arranged inside the mask holding drum 21a or may be arranged outside the mask holding drum 21a.
- the light source may be a device (external device) different from the exposure device U3b.
- the exposure apparatus U3b has a position in which the best focus state is 2 on the exposure surface as described above, as in the exposure apparatuses U3 and U3a.
- the effect similar to the above can be acquired by having a certain relationship.
- FIG. 19 is a view showing the overall arrangement of an exposure apparatus (substrate processing apparatus) according to the fourth embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus U3 of the first embodiment is configured to hold the cylindrical reflective mask M on the rotatable mask holding drum 21, but the exposure apparatus U3c of the fourth embodiment has a flat plate-like reflection.
- the mold mask MB is held by a movable mask holding mechanism 11b.
- the mask holding mechanism 11b scans and moves the mask stage 110 that holds the planar mask MB and the mask stage 110 along the X direction within a plane orthogonal to the center plane CL.
- a moving device (not shown).
- the plane P1 of the mask MB in FIG. 19 is a plane substantially parallel to the XY plane
- the principal ray of the projection light beam EL2 reflected from the mask MB is perpendicular to the XY plane. Therefore, the chief rays of the illumination light beam EL1 from the illumination optical systems IL1 to IL6 that illuminate the illumination regions IR1 to IR6 on the mask MB are also arranged so as to be perpendicular to the XY plane.
- the polarization beam splitter PBS is configured such that the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the chief ray of the illumination beam EL1 incident on the quarter-wave plate 41 has a Brewster angle.
- the principal ray of the illumination light beam EL1 reflected by the quarter wavelength plate 41 is ⁇ B and is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the XY plane.
- the first reflection surface P3 of the first deflection member 70 included in the first optical system 61 of the projection optical module PLM is polarized
- the projection light beam EL2 from the beam splitter PBS is reflected, and the reflected projection light beam EL2 is incident on the first concave mirror 72 through the first lens group 71.
- the first reflecting surface P3 of the first deflecting member 70 is set to substantially 45 ° with respect to the second optical axis BX2 (XY surface).
- the illumination region IR2 (and IR4, IR6) from the center point of the illumination region IR1 (and IR3, IR5) on the mask MB when viewed in the XZ plane.
- the length is set substantially equal.
- the lower order control device 16 controls the moving device (linear motor for scanning exposure, actuator for fine movement, etc.) of the mask holding mechanism 11b, and synchronizes with the rotation of the substrate support drum 25.
- the mask stage 110 is driven.
- an operation (rewinding) of returning the mask MB to the initial position in the ⁇ X direction is required. Therefore, when the substrate support drum 25 is continuously rotated at a constant speed and the substrate P is continuously fed at a constant speed, the pattern exposure is not performed on the substrate P during the rewinding operation of the mask MB, and the transport direction of the substrate P is not related.
- the panel pattern is formed in a jump (separated) manner.
- the speed of the substrate P peripheral speed here
- the speed of the mask MB at the time of scanning exposure are assumed to be 50 to 100 mm / s.
- the driving is performed at the maximum speed of 500 mm / s, the margin in the transport direction between the panel patterns formed on the substrate P can be narrowed.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the projection image plane of the mask pattern and the exposure plane of the substrate.
- the projection light beam EL2 is imaged by the projection optical system PL, so that a projection image surface Sm2 of the pattern of the mask MB is formed.
- the projection image plane Sm2 is a position at which the pattern of the mask MB is imaged, and is a position that is the best focus.
- the mask MB is arranged in a plane as described above.
- the projection image plane Sm2 also becomes a plane (a straight line in the ZX plane).
- the surface of the substrate P becomes the exposure surface Sp.
- the exposure surface Sp is the surface of the substrate P.
- the substrate P is held by the cylindrical substrate support drum 25 as described above.
- the exposure surface Sp becomes a curved surface (curved in the ZX plane) having a curvature radius Rp.
- the exposure surface Sp has a curved axis in the direction orthogonal to the scanning exposure direction. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 20, the exposure surface Sp becomes a curved curve with respect to the scanning exposure direction.
- the amount of change in position in the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction of the projection area PA is ⁇ p.
- the projection image plane Sm2 is a plane. For this reason, the change amount of the position of the projection image plane Sm2 in the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction of the projection area PA becomes zero.
- the exposure apparatus U3c sets the position of the exposure surface Sp with respect to the projection image surface Sm2 as the actual exposure surface Spa.
- the actual exposure surface Spa intersects at two positions Pa2 and Pb2 different from the projection image surface Sm2 in the scanning exposure direction.
- the exposure apparatus U3c adjusts the position of each optical member of the projection optical system PL, or adjusts the distance between the mask MB and the substrate P by one of the mask holding mechanism 11b and the substrate support mechanism 12.
- the position of the exposure surface with respect to the projection image surface Sm2 can be changed.
- the projection state Sm2 and the actual exposure surface Spa intersect at two different positions Pa2 and Pb2, so that the focus state becomes the best focus at the position Pa2 on the actual exposure surface Spa within the exposure width A.
- the focus state becomes the best focus at the position Pb2 on the actual exposure surface Spa.
- the projection image plane in the scanning exposure direction is projected onto the substrate P side.
- a cylindrical shape difference can be given to Sm2 and the exposure surface Sp of the substrate P to be exposed.
- the projection image surface Sm2 and the actual exposure surface Spa intersect at two different positions Pa2 and Pb2, and the focus state of the exposure surface at the two different positions becomes the best focus.
- the exposure apparatus U3c can also continuously change the focus state within the exposure width A in the scanning exposure direction by the rotational movement of the mask holding drum 21, and can further change the image contrast with respect to the substantial focus. Can be suppressed. Further, the exposure apparatus U3c can obtain various effects similar to those of the exposure apparatus U3. Thus, even when only one of the projection image surface and the exposure surface (surface of the substrate P) is a curved surface, the same effect as when both the projection image surface and the exposure surface are curved surfaces can be obtained. .
- the exposure apparatus U3c is a defocus width ⁇ that varies on an arc in the exposure width A, the cylinder radius r 1 of the projected image plane Sm2 scanning exposure direction of the substrate P of the aforementioned formula 0 the following formula Can be obtained.
- ⁇ r 2 ⁇ ((r 2 2 ) ⁇ (A / 2) 2 ) 1/2
- the mask support mechanism and the substrate support mechanism that are held by a curved surface are the first support members, and the one that is supported by the curved surface or the plane is the second support member.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the exposure method.
- step S101 the substrate P is supported on the support surface P2 by the substrate support mechanism (step S101), and the mask M is supported on the surface P1 by the mask holding mechanism (step S102).
- step S102 the mask M and the substrate P face each other.
- step S101 and step S102 may be reversed.
- One of the surface P1 and the support surface P2 is the first surface, and the other is the second surface.
- the first surface has a shape curved into a cylindrical surface with a predetermined curvature.
- the focus position with respect to the exposure surface is adjusted (step S103). Specifically, the focus position is set at a position where two best focus positions are included in the scanning exposure direction within the exposure width A of the projection area PA set on the surface of the substrate P.
- step S104 relative movement (rotation) in the scanning exposure direction between the substrate P and the mask M is started (step S104). That is, the operation of moving at least one of the substrate P and the mask M in the scanning exposure direction is started by at least one of the substrate support mechanism and the mask holding mechanism.
- step S105 projection of the projection light beam into the projection area PA is started (step S105). That is, the light beam from the mask pattern arranged in the illumination area IR of the illumination light is projected onto the projection area PA where the substrate P is arranged.
- the exposure method shown in FIG. 21 projects a light flux including two best focus positions in the scanning exposure direction on the exposure surface of the substrate P onto the projection area.
- the light beam with the focus position adjusted is projected, so that the light beam including the two best focus positions in the scanning exposure direction can be projected onto the projection area on the exposure surface of the substrate. .
- the focus position is adjusted.
- the position where the best focus position is included in two positions in the scanning exposure direction may be the focus position depending on the setting of the apparatus.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a device manufacturing method by the device manufacturing system.
- step S201 the function / performance design of a display panel using, for example, a self-luminous element such as an organic EL is performed, and necessary circuit patterns and wiring patterns are designed using CAD or the like.
- step S202 a mask M for a necessary layer is manufactured based on the pattern for each layer designed by CAD or the like.
- step S203 a supply roll FR1 around which a flexible substrate P (resin film, metal foil film, plastic, etc.) serving as a display panel base material is wound is prepared (step S203).
- the roll-shaped substrate P prepared in step S203 has a surface modified as necessary, a pre-formed base layer (for example, micro unevenness by an imprint method), and light sensitivity.
- the functional film or transparent film (insulating material) previously laminated may be used.
- step S204 a backplane layer composed of electrodes, wiring, insulating film, TFT (thin film semiconductor), etc. constituting the display panel device is formed on the substrate P, and an organic EL or the like is laminated on the backplane.
- a light emitting layer (display pixel portion) is formed by the self light emitting element (step S204).
- an exposure process using any one of the exposure apparatuses U3, U3a, U3b, and U3c described in the previous embodiments is performed.
- the exposure process includes a conventional photolithography process in which the photoresist layer is exposed, but pattern exposure is performed on the substrate P coated with a photosensitive silane coupling material instead of the photoresist to form a pattern with hydrophobicity on the surface.
- a step of pattern-exposing a light-sensitive catalyst layer for forming or electroless plating is also included.
- a photoresist development process is performed.
- a pattern is formed by a wet process for forming a metal film pattern (wiring, electrode, etc.), or conductive ink containing silver nanoparticles. A printing process and the like for drawing are performed.
- the substrate P is diced for each display panel device continuously manufactured on the long substrate P by a roll method, and a protective film (environmental barrier layer) or a color filter is formed on the surface of each display panel device.
- a device is assembled by pasting sheets or the like (step S205).
- an inspection process is performed to determine whether the display panel device functions normally or satisfies desired performance and characteristics (step S206). As described above, a display panel (flexible display) can be manufactured.
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態は、基板に露光処理を施す基板処理装置が露光装置である。また、露光装置は、露光後の基板に各種処理を施してデバイスを製造するデバイス製造システムに組み込まれている。先ず、デバイス製造システムについて説明する。
図1は、第1実施形態のデバイス製造システムの構成を示す図である。図1に示すデバイス製造システム1は、デバイスとしてのフレキシブル・ディスプレイを製造するライン(フレキシブル・ディスプレイ製造ライン)である。フレキシブル・ディスプレイとしては、例えば有機ELディスプレイ等がある。このデバイス製造システム1は、可撓性の基板Pをロール状に巻回した供給用ロールFR1から、該基板Pを送り出し、送り出された基板Pに対して各種処理を連続的に施した後、処理後の基板Pを可撓性のデバイスとして回収用ロールFR2に巻き取る、いわゆるロール・ツー・ロール(Roll to Roll)方式となっている。第1実施形態のデバイス製造システム1では、フィルム状のシートである基板Pが供給用ロールFR1から送り出され、供給用ロールFR1から送り出された基板Pが、順次、n台の処理装置U1,U2,U3,U4,U5,…Unを経て、回収用ロールFR2に巻き取られるまでの例を示している。先ず、デバイス製造システム1の処理対象となる基板Pについて説明する。
次に、第1実施形態の処理装置U3としての露光装置(基板処理装置)の構成について、図2から図4を参照して説明する。図2は、第1実施形態の露光装置(基板処理装置)の全体構成を示す図である。図3は、図2に示す露光装置の照明領域及び投影領域の配置を示す図である。図4は、図2に示す露光装置の照明光学系及び投影光学系の構成を示す図である。以下、処理装置U3を露光装置U3という。
次に、第1実施形態の露光装置U3におけるマスクのパターンの投影像面と基板の露光面との関係について、図6A、及び図6Bを参照して説明する。図6Aは、マスクのパターンの投影像面と基板の露光面との関係を示す説明図である。図6Bは、投影領域内に投影されるパターン像のフォーカス位置(デフォーカス量)の変化を概略的に示す説明図である。
ΔDz=(π/2/λ)×NA2×z、
とすると、点像強度分布I(z)は、
I(z)=[sin(ΔDz)/(ΔDz)]2×I0
となる。
R=k1・λ/NA (0<k1≦1)
DOF=k2・λ/NA2 (0<k2≦1)
ここで、k1、k2は、露光条件や感光材料(フォトレジスト等)、或いは露光後の現像処理や成膜処理によっても変わり得る係数であるが、解像力Rのk1ファクターは、おおよそ0.4≦k1≦0.8の範囲であり、焦点深度DOFのk2ファクターは、おおよそk2≒1と表すことができる。
次に、図7参照して、第2実施形態の露光装置U3aについて説明する。なお、重複する記載を避けるべく、第1実施形態と異なる部分についてのみ説明し、第1実施形態と同様の構成要素については、第1実施形態と同じ符号を付して説明する。図7は、第2実施形態の露光装置(基板処理装置)の全体構成を示す図である。第1実施形態の露光装置U3は、円筒状の基板支持ドラム25で、投影領域PAを通過する基板Pを保持する構成であったが、第2実施形態の露光装置U3aは、基板Pを平面状に支持して移動可能な基板支持機構12aに保持する構成となっている。
I(z)=[sin(ΔDz)/(ΔDz)]2×I0、
ΔDz=(π/2/λ)×NA2×z
にて求められる。
ここで、露光装置として見込むフォーカス誤差を、焦点深度DOFの定義式λ/NA2までのデフォーカス幅(本実施形態では、±24μm)とすると、露光領域内でのデフォーカスの振り幅であるデフォーカス幅を2.5×DOFとすることで、像強度の変化が少なく、良好にマスクパターンの像を形成することができる。
次に、図18を参照して、第3実施形態の露光装置U3bについて説明する。なお、重複する記載を避けるべく、第2実施形態と異なる部分についてのみ説明し、第2実施形態と同様の構成要素については、第2実施形態と同じ符号を付して説明する。図18は、第3実施形態の露光装置(基板処理装置)の全体構成を示す図である。第2実施形態の露光装置U3aは、マスクを反射した光が投影光束となる反射型マスクを用いる構成であったが、第3実施形態の露光装置U3bは、マスクを透過した光が投影光束となる透過型マスクを用いる構成となっている。
次に、図19を参照して、第4実施形態の露光装置U3cについて説明する。なお、重複する記載を避けるべく、第1実施形態と異なる部分についてのみ説明し、第1実施形態と同様の構成要素については、第1実施形態と同じ符号を付して説明する。図19は、第4実施形態の露光装置(基板処理装置)の全体構成を示す図である。第1実施形態の露光装置U3は、円筒状の反射型のマスクMを、回転可能なマスク保持ドラム21に保持する構成であったが、第4実施形態の露光装置U3cは、平板状の反射型マスクMBを、移動可能なマスク保持機構11bに保持する構成となっている。
Δ=r2-((r2 2)-(A/2)2)1/2
ここで、露光装置U3cにおいては、マスクパターンの投影像面Sm2の曲率半径が∞であることから、露光幅A内で円弧状に変化するデフォーカス特性Cmは、先の式3のみで求められる。すなわち、露光装置U3cの場合のデフォーカス特性Cm(=ΔRp)は、
次に、図21を参照して、露光方法について説明する。図21は、露光方法を示すフローチャートである。
次に、図22を参照して、デバイス製造方法について説明する。図22は、デバイス製造システムによるデバイス製造方法を示すフローチャートである。
2 基板供給装置
4 基板回収装置
5 上位制御装置
11 マスク保持機構
12 基板支持機構
13 光源装置
16 下位制御装置
21 マスク保持ドラム
25 基板支持ドラム
31 光源
32 導光部材
41 1/4波長板
51 コリメータレンズ
52 フライアイレンズ
53 コンデンサーレンズ
54 シリンドリカルレンズ
55 照明視野絞り
56 リレーレンズ
61 第1光学系
62 第2光学系
63 投影視野絞り
64 フォーカス補正光学部材
65 像シフト用光学部材
66 倍率補正用光学部材
67 ローテーション補正機構
68 偏光調整機構
70 第1偏向部材
71 第1レンズ群
72 第1凹面鏡
80 第2偏向部材
81 第2レンズ群
82 第2凹面鏡
110 マスクステージ
P 基板
FR1 供給用ロール
FR2 回収用ロール
U1~Un 処理装置
U3 露光装置(基板処理装置)
M マスク
MA マスク
AX1 第1軸
AX2 第2軸
P1 マスク面
P2 支持面
P7 中間像面
EL1 照明光束
EL2 投影光束
Rm 曲率半径
Rp 曲率半径
CL 中心面
PBS 偏光ビームスプリッタ
IR1~IR6 照明領域
IL1~IL6 照明光学系
ILM 照明光学モジュール
PA1~PA6 投影領域
PLM 投影光学モジュール
Claims (16)
- 照明光の照明領域に配置されるマスクのパターンからの光束を、基板が配置される投影領域に投射する投影光学系を備えた基板処理装置であって、
前記照明領域と前記投影領域とのうちの一方の領域において所定曲率で円筒面状に湾曲した第1面に沿うように、前記マスクと前記基板のうちの一方を支持する第1支持部材と、
前記照明領域と前記投影領域とのうちの他方の領域において所定の第2面に沿うように、前記マスクと前記基板とのうちの他方を支持する第2支持部材と、
前記第1支持部材を回転させ、該第1支持部材が支持する前記マスクと前記基板とのいずれかを走査露光方向に移動させる移動機構と、
を備え、
前記投影光学系は、前記基板の露光面において、ベストフォーカス位置が前記走査露光方向に2箇所含まれる光束を前記投影領域に投射する基板処理装置。 - 前記投影光学系は、前記マスクのパターンの投影像面と、前記基板の露光面との前記走査露光方向における距離の差が実質的に前記第1支持部材の形状と前記第2支持部材の形状の差に比例する前記光束を投射する請求項1に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、前記投影領域の前記走査露光方向の中点におけるデフォーカス量をΔとし、焦点深度をDOFとした場合、0.5<Δ/DOF≦3を満たす請求項1または2に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、1≦Δ/DOFを満たす請求項3に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、複数の分割投影光学系を有し、
前記分割投影光学系は、前記走査露光方向に直交する方向に列状に配置され、それぞれが対応する前記投影領域に前記光束を投射する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の基板処理装置。 - 前記投影光学系は、複数の前記分割投影光学系が、前記走査露光方向に少なくとも2列で配置され、前記走査露光方向に直交する方向において、隣接する前記分割投影光学系の前記投影領域の端部同士が重なる請求項5に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、複数の前記分割投影光学系の各投影領域の前記走査露光方向の幅を積算した場合、当該積算値が前記走査露光方向に直交する方向において略一定となる請求項6に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記第1支持部材は、前記マスクを支持し、
前記第2支持部材は、前記基板を支持する請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の基板処理装置。 - 前記第1支持部材は、前記基板を支持し、
前記第2支持部材は、前記マスクを支持する請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の基板処理装置。 - 前記第2面は、所定曲率で円筒面状に湾曲している請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、前記走査露光方向における前記投影領域の幅をA、前記マスクのパターンの投影像面の円筒半径をr1、前記基板の走査露光方向の露光面の円筒半径をr2、前記投影光学系の開口数をNA、露光波長をλとすると、0.5×(λ/NA2)<r1-((r1 2)-(A/2)2)1/2+r2-((r2 2)-(A/2)2)1/2≦3×λ/NA2を満たす請求項10に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、(λ/NA2)<r1-((r1 2)-(A/2)2)1/2+r2-((r2 2)-(A/2)2)1/2を満たす請求項11に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記投影光学系は、前記マスクのパターンの走査露光方向の投影像面と、前記基板の走査露光方向の露光面との差が、前記走査露光方向における前記投影領域の幅の略中心を軸として線対称に変化する請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の基板処理装置。
- 前記基板処理装置に前記基板を供給することと、
請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の基板処理装置を用いて前記基板に前記マスクのパターンを形成することと、
を含むデバイス製造方法。 - 照明光の照明領域に配置されるマスクのパターンからの光束を、基板が配置される投影領域に投射する露光方法であって、
前記照明領域と前記投影領域とのうちの一方の領域において所定曲率で円筒面状に湾曲した第1面に沿うように、前記マスクと前記基板のうちの一方を支持することと、
前記照明領域と前記投影領域とのうちの他方の領域において所定の第2面に沿うように、前記マスクと前記基板とのうちの他方を支持することと、
当該第1面で支持している前記マスクと前記基板のいずれかを前記第1面に沿って回転させ、該第1面で支持する前記マスクと前記基板とのいずれかを走査露光方向に移動させることと、
前記基板の露光面において、ベストフォーカス位置が前記走査露光方向に2箇所含まれる光束を前記投影領域に投射することと、を含む露光方法。 - 照明領域に配置されるマスクのパターンからの光束を、投影光学系を介して基板の被露光面が配置される投影領域に投射する露光方法であって、
前記照明領域と前記投影領域とのうちの一方の領域において所定曲率で円筒面状に湾曲した第1面に沿うように、前記マスクと前記基板のうちの一方を支持することと、
前記照明領域と前記投影領域とのうちの他方の領域において所定の第2面に沿うように、前記マスクと前記基板とのうちの他方を支持することと、
前記第1面に沿って支持される前記マスクと前記基板の一方を前記第1面に沿って旋回移動させ、前記第2面に沿って支持される前記マスクと前記基板の他方を走査露光方向に移動させることと、
前記マスクと前記基板の移動による走査露光の間は、前記投影領域内の前記走査露光方向に離れた2ヶ所の各々において、前記光束が前記基板の被露光面でベストフォーカス状態となるように、前記第1面、前記第2面、前記投影光学系を設定することと、を含む露光方法。
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