WO2014199465A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014199465A1 WO2014199465A1 PCT/JP2013/066228 JP2013066228W WO2014199465A1 WO 2014199465 A1 WO2014199465 A1 WO 2014199465A1 JP 2013066228 W JP2013066228 W JP 2013066228W WO 2014199465 A1 WO2014199465 A1 WO 2014199465A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device such as a diode used in a high voltage power module ( ⁇ 600 V).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Since the dawn of the semiconductor in the 1950s, various studies have been conducted on high-frequency oscillation phenomena (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1) and breakdown phenomena (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2) in Si-based pin diodes. In recent years, these phenomena that cause malfunctions of peripheral circuits and surge destruction of the devices themselves have been attracting attention again in power devices that are operating at higher speeds (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- the main characteristics of the diode are remarkably improved by a diode (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 4, 8, and 9) in which a p + type layer is formed on the back surface including an RFC diode (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 10 to 14). It was. However, as further development issues, expansion of the operating temperature range to the high temperature side by lowering the leakage current, improvement of the maximum cut-off current density by lowering VF (voltage drop when the diode is on) in the high current density region, and Improvements in avalanche resistance by strengthening the buffer structure remained.
- Patent Document 1 does not describe specific numerical values of the concentration gradient of the n-type buffer layer, it can be estimated from FIG. 3 of Patent Document 1 that the concentration gradient is 8 ⁇ 10 3 cm ⁇ 4 .
- the n-type buffer layer of Patent Document 2 has the configuration described in Non-Patent Document 10, and the concentration gradient is 1 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 4 .
- the slope of the carrier concentration at the connection portion between the n ⁇ -type drift layer and the n-type buffer layer is steep as 8 ⁇ 10 3 cm ⁇ 4 or 1 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 4 , the electric field at the connection portion is Increased strength causes snap-off. Furthermore, there has been a problem that high-frequency oscillation occurs using snap-off as a trigger.
- the trade-off characteristics between the VF and the recovery loss EREC of the conventional diode have been adjusted by the lifetime control method using heavy metal diffusion or electron or ion irradiation.
- variations in VF and EREC are large depending on the irradiation angle and temperature with the irradiated object during electron or ion irradiation.
- the lattice characteristics change due to self-heating during the chip energization operation, and the electrical characteristics fluctuate.
- a large amount of leakage current due to lattice defects causes thermal runaway during high temperature operation. For this reason, it has been desired to establish a control method for the VF-EREC trade-off characteristic that does not depend on the lifetime control method.
- avalanche resistance has been required for IGBTs, diodes, and the like.
- the avalanche resistance is reduced as compared with a semiconductor device without such a structure.
- the thickness of the n ⁇ -type drift layer is reduced in order to improve the VF-EREC characteristics, the avalanche resistance is remarkably lowered.
- the maximum controllable current density is lower than that of a semiconductor device without such a structure.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a first object is to obtain a semiconductor device capable of realizing high oscillation tolerance.
- the second object is to obtain a semiconductor device capable of improving the VF-EREC trade-off characteristic without depending on the lifetime control method, and improving the avalanche resistance and the maximum controllable current density.
- the semiconductor device includes an n-type drift layer, a p-type anode layer provided on the upper surface of the n-type drift layer, a cathode layer provided on the lower surface of the n-type drift layer, and the n-type drift. And an n-type buffer layer provided between the cathode layer and the n-type buffer layer, wherein the peak concentration of the n-type buffer layer is higher than the n-type drift layer and lower than the cathode layer,
- the carrier concentration gradient at the connection portion of the n-type buffer layer is 20 to 2000 cm ⁇ 4 .
- FIG. 1 is a bottom view showing a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1 and FIG. It is a figure which shows the carrier concentration with respect to the depth.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing V F , E REC , V snap-off , and J A (break) with respect to the gradient ⁇ n buffer of the carrier concentration.
- It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-IV in FIG. 13. It is a bottom view which shows the modification 1 of the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a bottom view which shows the modification 2 of the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 7 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 8 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on Embodiment 9 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are a top view and a bottom view, respectively, showing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG. 1 and FIG.
- a p-type anode layer 2 is provided on the upper surface of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1.
- An n-type cathode layer 3 is provided on the lower surface of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1.
- An n-type buffer layer 4 is provided between the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and the n-type cathode layer 3.
- the peak concentration of impurities in the n-type buffer layer 4 is higher than that of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and lower than that of the n-type cathode layer 3.
- the anode electrode 5 is in ohmic contact with the p-type anode layer 2, and the cathode electrode 6 is in ohmic contact with the n-type cathode layer 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the carrier concentration with respect to the depth.
- the depth of the n-type buffer layer 4 is D buffer
- the carrier concentration gradient at the connection portion of the n-type drift layer and the n-type buffer layer is the concentration gradient ⁇ n buffer [cm ⁇ 4 ]
- the effective dose in the n-type buffer layer 4 The amount is ⁇ eff [cm ⁇ 2 ]
- the carrier concentration of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 is n 0 [cm ⁇ 3 ].
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing V F , E REC , V snap-off , and J A (break) with respect to the carrier concentration gradient ⁇ n buffer .
- V F is the voltage drop in the ON state
- E REC is the recovery loss
- V snap-off is the overshoot voltage at the time of recovery
- J A (break) is the maximum controllable current density.
- a deep buffer structure in which the carrier concentration at the connection portion between the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and the n-type buffer layer 4 is loose and broadly distributed as in this embodiment is called a CPL (Controlling Plasma Layer) buffer structure.
- CPL Controlling Plasma Layer
- the effective dose ⁇ eff of the n-type buffer layer 4 is set to 1 ⁇ 10 12 to 5 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 which is higher than the effective dose of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1.
- the total dose amount of the n ⁇ -type buffer layer 4 becomes approximately the same as the total dose amount of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1, so that the breakdown voltage can be maintained in both the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and the n-type buffer layer 4. Therefore, the thickness of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 necessary for maintaining the equivalent breakdown voltage can be reduced as compared with the case where the n-type buffer layer 4 is not provided, and the total loss can be reduced.
- the carrier concentration n 0 of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 is determined depending on the breakdown voltage class. As an example, in the case of the 600 to 6500 V class, the carrier concentration n 0 is 1 ⁇ 10 12 to 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the surface concentration of the n-type cathode layer 3 is 1 ⁇ 10 19 to 5 ⁇ 10 20 cm 3 and the diffusion depth is 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the thickness D buffer of the n-type buffer layer 4 is a function of n 0 , ⁇ n buffer , and ⁇ eff as shown in the above formula.
- the ratio of the peak concentration of the n-type buffer layer 4 to the peak concentration of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 .
- the depth ratio between the n-type buffer layer 4 and the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 is 0.1 to 10.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the first embodiment is a diode
- this embodiment is an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
- the p-type anode layer 2 is a p-type base layer, and its peak concentration is 1.0 ⁇ 10 16 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a p + type diffusion layer 7 and an n + type emitter layer 8 are partially formed on the surface of the wafer on the p type anode layer 2.
- the n + -type emitter layer 8 has a peak concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 and a depth of 0.2 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- n + type layer 9 is formed between the p type anode layer 2 and the n ⁇ type drift layer 1.
- the n + -type layer 9 has a peak concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 and a depth 0.5 to 1.0 ⁇ m deeper than the p-type anode layer 2.
- a trench gate 10 is provided so as to penetrate the n + -type emitter layer 8, the p-type anode layer 2 and the n + -type layer 9.
- An interlayer insulating film 11 is provided on the trench gate 10.
- the anode electrode 5 is an emitter electrode and is connected to the p + type diffusion layer 7.
- a p-type collector layer 12 is provided in place of the n-type cathode layer 3.
- the cathode electrode 6 is a collector electrode and is in ohmic contact with the p-type collector layer 12.
- the peak concentration of the n-type buffer layer 4 is higher than that of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and lower than that of the p-type collector layer 12.
- the carrier concentration gradient at the connection portion between the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and the n-type buffer layer 4 is set to 20 to 2000 cm ⁇ 4 .
- the effective dose ⁇ eff of the n-type buffer layer 4 is set to 1 ⁇ 10 12 to 5 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 which is higher than the effective dose of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the n-type cathode layer 3 and the p-type cathode layer 13 are alternately arranged side by side.
- the cathode electrode 6 is in ohmic contact with the n-type cathode layer 3 and the p-type cathode layer 13. Therefore, the p-type cathode layer 13 is short-circuited with the n-type cathode layer 3 through the cathode electrode 6.
- the peak concentration of the n-type cathode layer 3 is higher than that of the p-type cathode layer 13.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to a comparative example.
- the n-type buffer layer 4 is not provided, and the n-type cathode layer 3 is a single layer.
- the tolerance of the recovery condition with respect to the peak voltage V snap-off in FIG. The higher the snap-off tolerance, the higher the allowable operation under so-called hard recovery conditions such as high applied voltage, low current, low temperature, and high-speed current interruption.
- a safe operation region composed of the applied voltage Vcc and the maximum cut-off current density JA (break) shown in FIG. The higher the recovery tolerance, the more acceptable the recovery operation under high applied voltage and large current density conditions.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the peak concentration and diffusion depth of the n-type buffer layer used in the simulation. As shown in this figure, the dose was fixed at 3.75 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 , and the peak concentration and diffusion depth set by the triangle approximation were set to simulate the n-type buffer layer 4 having a Gaussian distribution. Regardless of the thickness of the n-type buffer layer 4, the thickness of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 is constant.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of the buffer layer thickness dependency of the withstand voltage waveform in the comparative example and the third embodiment. Both diodes are designed to withstand voltage 1700V.
- 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating simulation results of Vcc dependency of the snappy recovery waveform in the comparative example and the third embodiment.
- the peak concentration of the n-type buffer layer 4 is 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3
- the thickness of the n-type buffer layer 4 is 1.5 ⁇ m in FIG. 11 and 50 ⁇ m in FIG.
- a diode structure exhibiting NDR characteristics generates a voltage surge and snap-off due to the rise of the electric field on the cathode side during recovery, and high frequency oscillation is likely to occur using this as a trigger (see FIGS. 11 and 12). ). For this reason, the breakdown voltage waveform of the diode does not show an S-curve due to NDR characteristics or secondary breakdown, and needs to be close to a linear line. From FIG. 10, it is better that the n-type buffer layer 4 is thicker.
- the gradient of the carrier concentration at the connection portion between the n ⁇ type drift layer 1 and the n type buffer layer 4 is set to 20 to 2000 cm ⁇ 4 .
- the width represented by (Wn + Wp) is called the RFC cell pitch. If the RFC cell pitch is made finer, VF increases and EREC decreases. That is, the VF-EREC trade-off curve shifts to the high speed side. Therefore, when this embodiment is applied to a free wheel diode incorporated in an inverter, the VF-EREC trade-off characteristic can be adjusted by adjusting the RFC cell pitch according to the application. However, if the RFC cell pitch is set too fine, the snap-off resistance is reduced, and conversely if the setting is too coarse, the recovery resistance is reduced.
- the ratio represented by (Wp / (Wn + Wp)) is called the RFC cell short-circuit rate.
- the RFC cell short-circuit rate is reduced, VF increases and EREC decreases. That is, the VF-EREC trade-off curve shifts to the high speed side. Therefore, when this embodiment is applied to a free wheel diode incorporated in an inverter, the VF-EREC trade-off characteristic can be adjusted by adjusting the RFC cell short-circuit rate according to the application.
- the RFC cell short-circuit rate is set too small, the snap-off resistance decreases, the cross point increases, and conversely if it is set too large, the recovery resistance decreases.
- the VF-EREC trade-off characteristic can be controlled without depending on the lifetime control method by adjusting the RFC cell pitch or the RFC cell short-circuit rate.
- the snap-off resistance is lowered, but the EREC and the leakage current can be suppressed.
- Increasing the dose of the P-type cathode layer 13 gives the opposite result.
- the snap-off resistance and the recovery resistance can be secured, and the allowable range for setting the dose amount of the p-type cathode layer 13 can be expanded.
- the temperature dependence of VF is basically positive, and current easily flows as the temperature rises.
- a positive feedback occurs in which more current flows through the chip that generates a large amount of heat and heat is generated, which may cause module destruction.
- the current value (cross point) at which the room temperature VF curve intersects the high temperature VF curve is low.
- the effective dose amount of the anode and the cathode can be lowered and the carrier injection efficiency from both can be lowered, a cross point at a low current value can be realized.
- the cathode electrode 6 may be in ohmic contact with the n-type cathode layer 3 and may be in Schottky contact with the p-type cathode layer 13. Since the Schottky barrier difference between the cathode electrode 6 and the p-type cathode layer 13 is large, a state similar to that in which a resistance component is added to the parasitic pnp transistor is obtained, and the device vertical operation due to the parasitic pnp transistor operation is performed. Directional current can be suppressed. As a result, a high recovery SOA and a high avalanche resistance can be realized.
- FIG. 13 is a back view showing the semiconductor device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II of FIG.
- the n-type buffer layers 4 and the n-type buffer layers 14 are alternately arranged side by side.
- the n-type buffer layer 4 is provided between the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and the n-type cathode layer 3
- the n-type buffer layer 14 is provided between the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and the p-type cathode layer 13.
- the n-type buffer layers 4 and 14 have a peak concentration higher than that of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 and lower than that of the n-type cathode layer 3.
- the peak concentration of the n-type buffer layer 4 is higher than that of the n-type buffer layer 14.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line III-IV in FIG.
- the region where the p-type anode layer 2 is provided is an active region, and the region outside it is a termination region.
- a general p-type guard ring layer 15 is provided on the anode side of the termination region, and an n-type channel stopper layer 16 is provided on the outermost periphery of the termination region.
- the p-type guard ring layer 15 has a peak concentration higher than that of the p-type anode layer 2, and the n-type channel stopper layer 16 has a peak concentration higher than that of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1.
- the cathode structure of the termination region starts from a position WGR: 10 to 500 ⁇ m away from the outermost peripheral portion of the p-type anode layer 2 toward the active region.
- the cathode structure of the termination region is a two-layer structure of an n-type layer 17 and a p-type layer 18.
- the efficiency of electron injection from the cathode side in the on state is increased.
- the depletion layer does not easily reach the p-type cathode layer 13, and NDR (secondary breakdown) of the breakdown voltage waveform is suppressed.
- NDR secondary breakdown
- n-type cathode layer 3 and the p-type cathode layer 13 have a stripe pattern. Thereby, a pattern reflecting the assumed ratio of the n-type cathode layer 3 and the p-type cathode layer 13 can be easily designed.
- FIG. 16 is a bottom view showing Modification 1 of the semiconductor device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As described above, the same effect as described above can be obtained even if the cathode of the termination region is n-type.
- FIG. 17 is a bottom view showing a second modification of the semiconductor device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the n-type cathode layer 3 is a dot pattern.
- a high recovery SOA can be realized.
- the same effect can be obtained even if the p-type cathode layer 13 is a dot pattern.
- FIG. FIG. 18 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the n-type buffer layer 4 is deeper than the n-type buffer layer 14.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the fourth embodiment. Even in this case, the same effect as in the fourth embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the p-type anode layer 2 and the p-type anode layer 19 are alternately arranged side by side.
- the anode electrode 5 is in ohmic contact with the p-type anode layers 2 and 19. Therefore, the p-type anode layer 19 is short-circuited with the p-type anode layer 2 through the anode electrode 5.
- the peak concentration of the p-type anode layer 19 is lower than that of the p-type anode layer 2.
- the peak concentration ratio between the p-type anode layer 2 and the p-type anode layer 19 is 0.5 to 500.
- the anode-side injection efficiency in the on-state is suppressed, so the carrier concentration on the anode-side in the on-state decreases, and the electric field strength on the cathode side that is the trigger for oscillation is reduced. Lifting can be suppressed.
- the number of carriers in the n ⁇ type drift layer 1 is small in the on state, it is possible to suppress a phenomenon in which carriers are concentrated at the boundary portion between the termination region and the active region during the recovery and cause destruction. As a result, high recovery SOA, high oscillation tolerance, low VF, low crosspoint, and high surge current tolerance can be realized.
- FIG. FIG. 20 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the p-type anode layer 19 is provided only on a part of the upper surface of the p-type anode layer 2.
- the ratio of the depth of the p-type anode layer 19 to the depth of the p-type anode layer 2 is 0.1 to 0.9. Even in this case, the same effect as in the sixth embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. Only a single n-type layer 17 is provided on the lower surface of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1 in the termination region.
- the cathode electrode 6 is in contact with and electrically connected to the n-type layer 17.
- the n-type layer 17 has a peak concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 15 to 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the contact resistance of the n-type buffer layer 14 with respect to the cathode electrode 6 increases. Therefore, in the ON state, injection of electrons from the cathode side of the termination region can be suppressed, and the recovery SOA can be increased.
- FIG. FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- the n-type buffer layer 4 is a single layer, and the cathode structure of the termination region is also a single layer of the n-type layer 17. Thereby, the configuration can be further simplified as compared with the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- An n-type channel stopper buffer layer 20 is provided on the outermost periphery of the termination region.
- An n-type channel stopper layer 21 and a p-type channel stopper layer 22 are provided in the n-type channel stopper buffer layer 20.
- the peak concentration of the n-type channel stopper buffer layer 20 is higher than that of the n ⁇ -type drift layer 1.
- the peak concentration of the n-type channel stopper layer 21 is higher than that of the n-type channel stopper buffer layer 20 and the p-type channel stopper layer 22. Thereby, a high recovery SOA can be realized.
- FIG. FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- an LNFLR (Linearly-Narrowed Field Limiting Ring) structure 23 is provided instead of a general p-type guard ring layer 15.
- the LNFLR structure 23 is a plurality of p-type layers that are periodically arranged in parallel from the active region toward the termination region.
- the plurality of p-type layers have a linear concentration gradient toward the termination region.
- a RESURF (Reduced Surface Field) structure 24 is provided between the p-type anode layer 2 in the active region and the LNFLR structure 23.
- the RESURF structure 24 has a deep p layer formed at the end of the active region and a p layer having the same diffusion depth as the diffusion layer of the LNFLR structure 23.
- the dose of the RESURF structure 24 is 2 ⁇ 10 12 / m 2 and the width is 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
- a VLD (Variation of Lateral Doping) structure 25 is provided in the present embodiment.
- the VLD structure 25 has a deep p layer formed at the end of the active region, and a p layer having a gradient so as to connect the deep p layer and the depth of the LNFLR diffusion layer.
- FIG. FIG. 26 is a sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- An IGBT is provided in the active region, and an LNFLR structure 23 is provided in the termination region. Even in this case, an effect similar to that of the eleventh embodiment can be obtained.
- the semiconductor device of the present application is not limited to one formed of silicon, and may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor having a larger band gap than silicon.
- the wide band gap semiconductor is, for example, silicon carbide, a gallium nitride-based material, or diamond.
- a semiconductor device formed of such a wide band gap semiconductor has high voltage resistance and high allowable current density, and thus can be miniaturized.
- a semiconductor module incorporating this device can also be miniaturized.
- the heat resistance of the element is high, the heat dissipating fins of the heat sink can be miniaturized and the water cooling part can be air cooled, so that the semiconductor module can be further miniaturized.
- the power loss of the element is low and the efficiency is high, the efficiency of the semiconductor module can be increased.
- the low / medium withstand voltage class of 1200V or 1700V class has been described as an example.
- the above effects can be obtained regardless of the breakdown voltage class.
- n ⁇ type drift layer 1,19 p type anode layer, 3 n type cathode layer, 4,14 n type buffer layer, 6 cathode electrode, 12 p type collector layer, 13 p type cathode layer, 17 n type layer, 20 n-type channel stopper buffer layer, 21 n-type channel stopper layer, 22 p-type channel stopper layer, 23 LNFLR structure, 24 RESURF structure, 25 VLD structure
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Abstract
Description
図1及び図2は、それぞれ本発明の実施の形態1に係る半導体装置を示す上面図及び下面図である。図3は、図1及び図2のI-IIに沿った断面図である。n-型ドリフト層1の上面にp型アノード層2が設けられている。n-型ドリフト層1の下面にn型カソード層3が設けられている。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。実施の形態1はダイオードであったが、本実施の形態はIGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)である。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。実施の形態1の単層のn型カソード層3の代わりに、n型カソード層3とp型カソード層13が横に並んで交互に配置されている。カソード電極6はn型カソード層3とp型カソード層13にオーミック接触する。従って、p型カソード層13はカソード電極6を通じてn型カソード層3と短絡している。n型カソード層3のピーク濃度はp型カソード層13よりも高い。
2tn-≧(Wn+Wp)≧tn-/10
図13は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る半導体装置を示す裏面図である。図14は図13のI-IIに沿った断面図である。実施の形態3の単層のn型バッファ層4の代わりに、n型バッファ層4とn型バッファ層14が横に並んで交互に配置されている。n型バッファ層4はn-型ドリフト層1とn型カソード層3の間に設けられ、n型バッファ層14はn-型ドリフト層1とp型カソード層13の間に設けられている。n型バッファ層4,14のピーク濃度は、n-型ドリフト層1より高く、n型カソード層3より低い。n型バッファ層4のピーク濃度はn型バッファ層14よりも高い。その他の構成は実施の形態3と同様である。
図18は、本発明の実施の形態5に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。n型バッファ層4の深さがn型バッファ層14よりも深い。その他の構成は実施の形態4と同じである。この場合でも実施の形態4と同様の効果を得ることができる。
図19は、本発明の実施の形態6に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。実施の形態4の単層のp型アノード層2の代わりに、p型アノード層2とp型アノード層19が横に並んで交互に配置されている。アノード電極5はp型アノード層2,19にオーミック接触する。従って、p型アノード層19はアノード電極5を通じてp型アノード層2と短絡している。p型アノード層19のピーク濃度はp型アノード層2よりも低い。p型アノード層2とp型アノード層19のピーク濃度比が0.5~500である。
図20は、本発明の実施の形態7に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。p型アノード層19がp型アノード層2の上面の一部のみに設けられている。p型アノード層2の深さに対するp型アノード層19の深さの比が0.1~0.9である。この場合でも実施の形態6と同様の効果を得ることができる。
図21は、本発明の実施の形態8に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。終端領域のn-型ドリフト層1の下面に単層のn型層17のみが設けられている。カソード電極6がn型層17に接触して電気的に接続されている。n型層17は1×1015~1×1016cm-3のピーク濃度を持つ。これにより、n型バッファ層14はカソード電極6に対して接触抵抗が大きくなる。従って、オン状態において終端領域のカソード側からの電子の注入を抑え、リカバリーSOAを高めることができる。
図22は、本発明の実施の形態9に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。n型バッファ層4が単層であり、かつ終端領域のカソード構造もn型層17の単層である。これにより実施の形態8よりも更に構成を簡略化できる。
図23は、本発明の実施の形態10に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。終端領域の最外周部にn型チャネルストッパバッファ層20が設けられている。n型チャネルストッパバッファ層20中にn型チャネルストッパ層21及びp型チャネルストッパ層22が設けられている。n型チャネルストッパバッファ層20のピーク濃度はn-型ドリフト層1より高い。n型チャネルストッパ層21のピーク濃度はn型チャネルストッパバッファ層20及びp型チャネルストッパ層22より高い。これにより、高リカバリーSOAを実現することができる。
図24は、本発明の実施の形態11に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。一般的なp型ガードリング層15の代わりにLNFLR(Linearly-Narrowed Field Limiting Ring)構造23が設けられている。LNFLR構造23は、活性領域から終端領域に向かって周期的に並列する複数のp型層である。この複数のp型層は終端領域に向かって線形な濃度勾配を持つ。
図25は、本発明の実施の形態12に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。実施の形態11のRESURF構造24の代わりに、本実施の形態ではVLD(Variation of Lateral Doping)構造25が設けられている。VLD構造25は活性領域端に形成した深いp層と、この深いp層とLNFLR拡散層の深さを接続するように勾配を持たせたp層とを有する。
図26は、本発明の実施の形態13に係る半導体装置を示す断面図である。活性領域にIGBTが設けられ、終端領域にLNFLR構造23が設けられている。この場合でも実施の形態11と同様の効果を得ることができる。
Claims (15)
- n型ドリフト層と、
前記n型ドリフト層の上面に設けられたp型アノード層と、
前記n型ドリフト層の下面に設けられたカソード層と、
前記n型ドリフト層と前記カソード層の間に設けられたn型バッファ層とを備え、
前記n型バッファ層のピーク濃度は、前記n型ドリフト層より高く、前記カソード層より低く、
前記n型ドリフト層と前記n型バッファ層の接続部分におけるキャリア濃度の傾斜が20~2000cm-4であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記n型バッファ層の実効ドーズ量は1×1012~5×1012cm-2であり、前記n型ドリフト層よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記カソード層はn型であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記カソード層はp型であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記カソード層は、横に並んで配置されたn型カソード層とp型カソード層を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記n型バッファ層は、前記n型ドリフト層と前記n型カソード層の間に設けられた第1のn型バッファ層と、前記n型ドリフト層と前記p型カソード層の間に設けられた第2のn型バッファ層とを有し、
前記第1のn型バッファ層のピーク濃度は、前記第2のn型バッファ層よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記n型カソード層にオーム接触し、前記p型カソード層にショットキー接触するカソード電極を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記n型カソード層と前記p型カソード層がストライプパターンであることを特徴とする請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記n型カソード層又は前記p型カソード層がドットパターンであることを特徴とする請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記p型アノード層は、第1のp型アノード層と、前記第1のp型アノード層よりもピーク濃度が低い第2のp型アノード層とを有し、
前記第1のp型アノード層と前記第2のp型アノード層のピーク濃度比が0.5~500であることを特徴とする請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1のp型アノード層の深さに対する前記第2のp型アノード層の深さの比が0.1~0.9であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の半導体装置。
- 終端領域において前記n型ドリフト層の下面に設けられ、1×1015~1×1016cm-3のピーク濃度を持つn型層と、
前記カソード層と前記n型層に接触して電気的に接続されたカソード電極とを備えることを特徴とする請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 終端領域の最外周部に設けられたn型チャネルストッパバッファ層と、
前記n型チャネルストッパバッファ層中に設けられたn型チャネルストッパ層及びp型チャネルストッパ層とを有し、
前記n型チャネルストッパバッファ層のピーク濃度は前記n型ドリフト層より高く、
前記n型チャネルストッパ層のピーク濃度は前記n型チャネルストッパバッファ層及び前記p型チャネルストッパ層より高いことを特徴とする請求項1~12の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 終端領域に設けられたLNFLR(Linearly-Narrowed Field Limiting Ring)構造と、
前記p型アノード層の外端部に設けられたRESURF(Reduced Surface Field)構造とを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~13の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 終端領域に設けられたLNFLR構造と、
前記p型アノード層の外端部に設けられたVLD(Variation of Lateral Doping)構造とを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~13の何れか1項に記載の半導体装置。
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