WO2014175226A1 - Prophylactic or therapeutic composition for bone diseases - Google Patents

Prophylactic or therapeutic composition for bone diseases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014175226A1
WO2014175226A1 PCT/JP2014/061191 JP2014061191W WO2014175226A1 WO 2014175226 A1 WO2014175226 A1 WO 2014175226A1 JP 2014061191 W JP2014061191 W JP 2014061191W WO 2014175226 A1 WO2014175226 A1 WO 2014175226A1
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bone
lutein
disease
patient
expression
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PCT/JP2014/061191
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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千里 宮浦
全規 稲田
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国立大学法人東京農工大学
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Priority to JP2015513754A priority Critical patent/JP6278474B2/en
Publication of WO2014175226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014175226A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/065Diphenyl-substituted acyclic alcohols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A61P19/10Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating bone diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating bone diseases containing lutein as an active ingredient.
  • osteoporosis in the process of bone remodeling in which old bones are replaced with new bones, the amount of bone resorption exceeds the amount of bone formation, resulting in a decrease in bone mass.
  • the two types of osteoclasts which destroy old bones and dissolve bone calcium, and osteoblasts that repair and regenerate broken bones, are unbalanced. Bone density is reduced by lysis (bone resorption) exceeding bone regeneration by osteoblasts.
  • the internal structure of the bone has changed, and the microstructure of the bone has also collapsed, so some elderly patients become fragile and fall asleep due to fractures. Many.
  • Periodontal disease is a disease in which bone supporting the teeth, called alveolar bone, is absorbed by bacterial infection due to plaque, and the number of patients in Japan exceeds 20 million. Losing teeth is a major cause of disability in diet and nutrition. Furthermore, osteoporosis is a factor that worsens bone destruction due to periodontal disease. Therefore, bone health for supporting the whole body and oral health for ensuring nutritional supplementation are essential for maintaining and improving the quality of life.
  • bone resorption is (1) promoted expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL: receptor activator NF- ⁇ B ligand) on osteoblasts by interleukin stimulation, etc.
  • RNKL osteoclast differentiation inducing factor
  • the osteoclast precursor cells (monocytes / macrophage cells) differentiate into mature osteoclasts (RANKL-RANK signal system), and (3) bone destruction by osteoclasts. I know.
  • Non-patent Document 1 sclerostin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) that negatively regulate bone formation are involved in the reduction of bone formation ability that can be another cause of bone diseases. ing. That is, SOST, which is a causative gene of osteomalacia, encodes sclerostin, and sclerostin is known to inhibit the action of bone formation promoting proteins.
  • these drugs can be used to maintain the trabecular bone that has been thinned by osteoporosis so that it can no longer be absorbed, or to recover the thinned trabecula somewhat, but once it has been absorbed and lost. Since it is thought that the effect of newly forming bone is not expected, there are many problems in promoting preventive medicine for osteoporosis.
  • Patent Documents 2 and 3 it has been found that polymethoxyflavonoids and ⁇ -cryptoxanthin contained in citrus fruits are effective for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
  • Patent Documents 2 and 3 there is no report that these compounds have a substantial bone formation enhancing action and can increase not only the bone density but also the proportion of cortical bone.
  • the present inventors do not know the fact that polymethoxyflavonoids and ⁇ -cryptoxanthin are reported to have some influence on the expression of sclerostin and BMP.
  • the treatment of periodontal disease the disease is still generally treated in dental clinics, and after the treatment, continuous oral care is indispensable. is the current situation.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe composition for preventing or treating bone diseases having an excellent preventive or therapeutic effect.
  • the present inventors are carotenoids abundantly contained in crops such as spinach, and lutein, which has been studied mainly for the prevention and treatment effects of eye diseases in the past, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and survival and suppresses bone. It has been found that it has an action of suppressing absorption and is useful for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that lutein has a substantial and significant bone formation enhancing action and can increase the bone strength by increasing the proportion of cortical bone. It was surprising that lutein simultaneously demonstrated two useful pharmacological actions important in the treatment of bone diseases: inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation.
  • one aspect of the present invention is (1) A composition for preventing or treating bone disease, comprising lutein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; (2) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is a disease accompanied by bone destruction; and (3) the bone disease is osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomalacia, bone destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Or the composition according to (1) above, which is bone destruction caused by bone metastasis of cancer.
  • the suitable aspect of this invention is: (4) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing bone resorption of a patient; (5) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) in a patient; (6) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in the patient; and (7) mature osteoclast in the patient.
  • the composition according to (1) above which is prevented or treated by inducing apoptosis of cells.
  • another preferred aspect of the present invention is: (8) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing bone formation in a patient; (9) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by decreasing the expression of sclerostin in a patient; (10) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing the expression of bone formation promoting protein (BMP) in the patient; and (11) the proportion of cortical bone in the patient It is related with the composition as described in said (1) for increasing.
  • BMP bone formation promoting protein
  • Another aspect of the present invention and related embodiments are as follows: (12) Use of lutein for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases; (13) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is a disease accompanied by bone destruction; (14) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomalacia, bone destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis, or bone destruction caused by bone metastasis of cancer; (15) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing bone resorption of a patient; (16) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) in the patient; (17) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in a patient; (18) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by inducing apoptosis of mature osteoclasts
  • FIG. 1 A method for treating a bone disease, comprising administering a prophylactic or therapeutically effective amount of lutein to a patient in need of such treatment;
  • a method for inhibiting bone resorption of a patient comprising administering a bone resorption inhibiting amount of lutein to a patient in need of such treatment;
  • the present invention it is possible to prevent bone diseases characterized by bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease by the action of lutein newly found to suppress osteoclast differentiation and suppress bone resorption.
  • Symptom improvement effect is obtained.
  • the action of lutein suppresses osteoclast differentiation by controlling the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) and suppresses differentiation into mature osteoclasts by acting on osteoclast precursor cells.
  • RNKL osteoclast differentiation inducing factor
  • bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease is characterized by the action of newly found lutein that promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization to enhance bone formation. It can prevent bone disease or improve symptoms.
  • the action of lutein suppresses the expression and secretion of sclerostin in bone cells and the like, cancels the inhibitory action of sclerostin on the expression of bone forming factors (such as BMP), and promotes maturation and calcification of osteoblasts. Therefore, it becomes possible to prevent or treat bone diseases more effectively.
  • lutein is derived from agricultural crops and has an advantage that there is little risk of side effects because it is a highly safe natural ingredient that has been ingested as a food. Therefore, it is useful not only for use as a medicine but also in the development of foods, food materials, beverages and supplement products for the prevention of bone diseases, for the purpose of increasing bone mass in growing children.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of osteoclast formation inhibition.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of bone resorption activity suppression.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of RANKL gene expression suppression in osteoblasts.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of inhibition of differentiation induction of osteoclast precursor cells.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the number of mature osteoclasts surviving with the addition of lutein.
  • FIG. 6a is a graph showing osteoclast formation in the presence of ⁇ -carotene.
  • FIG. 6b is a graph showing RANKL gene expression in osteoblasts in the presence of ⁇ -carotene.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of osteoclast formation inhibition.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of bone resorption activity suppression.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of RANKL gene expression
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of LPS-induced suppression of bone resorption activity in alveolar bone.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an action mechanism of osteoclast formation / differentiation suppression by lutein.
  • FIG. 9 shows the effect of lutein on osteoblast mineralization. Calcium deposits (dark portions) on cultured cells (cultured day 14) are visualized by alizarin red staining.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of lutein on osteoblast calcification. The data in FIG. 10 was obtained by quantifying the alizarin red positive (calcified) area in FIG. 9 by image analysis.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of lutein on bone formation-related gene expression.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of lutein on femur bone density in male mice. The analysis was performed using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptometry).
  • FIG. 13 is a graph and a photograph showing the effect of lutein on the distal femur in male mice. Analysis was performed using Micro-CT.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph and photograph showing the action of lutein on the femoral shaft in male mice. It has been shown that lutein significantly increased the proportion of cortical bone. Analysis was performed using Micro-CT.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an action mechanism of osteoblast differentiation / calcification by lutein.
  • Lutein used as an active ingredient in the present invention is a carotenoid classified as xanthophyll and has the following structural formula.
  • the lutein can be extracted from green and yellow vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, beans, petals of marigold, chlorella, leaves of other land plants, petals, and the like.
  • An extract containing lutein can be obtained by subjecting these plants to extraction treatment with a solvent after drying, chopping, crushing, crushing, pressing, boiling or fermenting these plants as they are or as necessary.
  • Examples of the solvent used in the extraction treatment include polar solvents such as a polar organic solvent and a mixed solution of water and a polar organic solvent.
  • Examples of the polar solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ether, or a combination of two or more.
  • polar solvents ethanol, propanol, acetone, hexane, or a mixture thereof is preferably used from the viewpoint of safety to the human body and handleability.
  • Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-46015 describes extraction from plants with carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state, and such a method is also used in the present invention. Available. Alternatively, lutein is also available as a commercial product from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
  • the bone disease may be any disease that develops in relation to bone metabolism failure, increased bone destruction, and / or decreased bone forming ability, such as osteoporosis, periodontal disease, and bone of cancer. Examples include metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, and Paget's disease.
  • the “prevention or treatment” in the present invention is not limited to the distinction between prevention and treatment, as long as it can suppress or maintain or inhibit the development of symptoms related to bone metabolism failure and bone destruction. May be.
  • the composition for preventing or treating bone disease of the present invention may be in any form such as liquid, solid, powder or gel.
  • forms used as a medicament include tablets, pills, Powders, capsules (soft capsules, hard capsules), granules, troches, chewables, internal liquids, injections (intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal etc.) or suppositories Etc.
  • the tablet can be given a normal coating, for example, a sugar-coated tablet, a film-coated tablet, or the like, and may be a bilayer tablet or a multilayer tablet. Granules and powders can also be given a normal coating.
  • composition for preventing or treating bone diseases of the present invention has a well-known conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, binder, stabilizer, excipient, and diluent that can be used based on the applied form.
  • Various formulation ingredients such as pH buffering agents, disintegrants, solubilizers, solubilizers, and isotonic agents.
  • the carrier include excipients such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, starch, crystalline cellulose, and binders such as hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, gelatin, tragacanth, gum arabic, and sodium alginate, such as starch and carboxymethylcellulose.
  • disintegrating agents such as calcium carbonate, for example, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc and stearic acid can be used.
  • the composition for preventing or treating bone disease of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally.
  • powder, granules, tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, etc. It can be administered orally in a dosage form, or can be administered as an oral use agent such as a toothpaste, an oral ointment, a mouthwash solution, or an agent such as an emulsion or suspension
  • the mold can be administered parenterally as an injection.
  • an oral use agent is preferable.
  • the composition for preventing or treating bone disease of the present invention can be administered at an appropriate dose according to the sex, age, weight, symptom, or other factors of the subject patient.
  • a preferable daily dose per adult is, for example, 0.02 to 200 mg / Kg / day, preferably 0.2 to 20 mg / Kg / day, as the amount of active ingredient.
  • the administration period of the composition for preventing or treating bone disease that can be administered according to any administration schedule can be arbitrarily determined according to age and symptoms. For example, continuous administration can be administered three times daily, twice daily, once daily, once every two days, once every three days, once a week, or at any period and interval .
  • the above doses and usages can also be applied to the bone resorption suppression amount, the bone formation enhancement amount, and the cortical bone ratio increase amount.
  • composition for preventing or treating bone diseases of the present invention can be used in combination with other conventionally used osteoporosis therapeutic agents.
  • drugs that can be used in combination include estrogen preparations, bisphosphonate preparations, active vitamin D3 preparations, calcium preparations, calcitonin preparations, menatetrenone (vitamin K2), ipriflavone, anabolic hormones, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and the like.
  • analgesic / anti-inflammatory / anti-inflammatory drugs include ibuprofen piconol, indomethacin, ufenamate, ketoprofen, glycyrrhetinic acid, diclofenac sodium, suprofen, piroxicam, felbinac, bufexamac, flurbiprofen, pendazac, diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine lauryl sulfate, Prednisolone valerate acetate, diflucortron valerate, dexamethasone valerate, betamethasone valerate, diflorazone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, diflupredonate, betamethasone dipropionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, halsinonide, flumetasone pivalate, momet
  • antibiotics as candidate drugs include oxytetracycline hydrochloride, tetracycline hydrochloride, gentamicin, fradiomycin, erythromycin, pimaricin, bleomycin sulfate, synthetic penicillin, synthetic cephalosporin, vancomycin and the like.
  • lutein exhibits an action of inhibiting bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation / survival, and thus can be used as a bone resorption inhibitor.
  • the bone resorption inhibitor is, as shown in the examples below, 1) acts on osteoblasts and suppresses the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL: receptor activator of NF- ⁇ B ligand); 2) Acts on osteoclast precursor cells (macrophages) and suppresses differentiation into mature osteoclasts (suppresses RANK signal and suppresses differentiation and multinucleation); 3) Acts on mature osteoclasts and inhibits their survival (promotes apoptosis induction) The effect of inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts is exhibited by these three action points.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the action mechanism. Therefore, lutein can also act as an osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) expression inhibitor, an osteoclast differentiation inhibitor, and an apoptosis inducer of
  • lutein exhibits an effect of enhancing bone formation by promoting differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and thus can be used as an osteogenesis enhancer.
  • the bone formation enhancer as shown in the examples below, 1) Decrease or suppress the expression / secretion of sclerostin, which is a SOST gene product that acts on osteoblasts and inhibits the function of osteogenic factors; 2) By reducing or suppressing the expression / secretion of sclerostin, the expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and the like are enhanced and differentiation from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts is enhanced.
  • BMP bone morphogenetic protein
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of the action mechanism. Therefore, lutein can also act as a sclerostin expression inhibitor, a BMP expression promoter, and an osteoblast calcification promoter.
  • osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) expression inhibitor osteoclast differentiation inhibitor
  • osteoclast differentiation inhibitor osteoclast differentiation inhibitor
  • apoptosis inducer of mature osteoclasts sclerostin expression inhibitor
  • BMP expression promoter osteoblast calcification promoter
  • pharmaceuticals for example, any kind of food additives, nutritional supplements, oral health supplements, oral care additives, nutrients, therapeutic foods, nutritional supplements, health foods, etc. It can be added or blended into the form of food or food material.
  • yogurt, drink yogurt, juice, milk, soy milk, liquor, coffee, tea, sencha, oolong tea, sports beverages puddings, cookies, bread, cakes, jelly, rice crackers
  • Bread and confectionery such as Japanese confectionery, frozen confectionery, chewing gum, noodles such as udon and soba, fish paste products such as kamaboko, ham and fish sausage, seasonings such as miso, soy sauce, dressing, mayonnaise, sweetener, cheese , Dairy products such as butter, and tofu, konjac, other boiled rice, dumplings, croquettes, salads and other various side dishes.
  • the osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) expression inhibitor of the present invention may be used in combination with at least one calcium intake or absorption promoter or bone metabolism improving agent.
  • calcium intake or calcium absorption promoters include calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, DFAIII (twintose), FOS (fructo-oligosaccharide), CPP (casein phosphopeptide), vitamin D and the like.
  • the bone metabolism improving agent include calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, vitamin D, vitamin K, soybean isoflavone, collagen, MBP (milk basic protein) and the like.
  • osteoclasts which differentiate from monocyte / macrophage progenitor cells, but the differentiation is an osteoclast differentiation inducing factor expressed on the cell surface of osteoblasts.
  • RNKL receptor activator of NF- ⁇ B ligand
  • IL-1 Interleukin-1
  • IL-1 acts on osteoblasts to enhance the expression of RANKL, promotes osteoclast formation, and exhibits bone resorption activity.
  • periodontal disease prevention effect of lutein was also examined using a mouse periodontal disease evaluation system.
  • Efficacy evaluation for the periodontal disease is based on the method described in Japanese Patent No. 4660433 and the like. is there). Specifically, alveolar bone was collected from mice, cultured in organs, and analyzed for the inhibitory effect of lutein on alveolar bone destruction (inflammatory bone resorption of alveolar bone) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 ligand. Example 6).
  • Example 1 Effect of lutein on osteoclast formation Bone marrow cells were collected from 6-week-old ddy mice by a conventional method, and 2 ⁇ 10 6 bone marrow cells / well and primary osteoblasts were 1 ⁇ in a 24-well plate. Seed at a cell concentration of 10 4 cells / well and using 0.5 mL of 10% (v / v) FBS / PR ( ⁇ ) ⁇ MEM containing IL-1 at a final concentration of 2 ng / mL, 5% CO 2 ⁇ The cells were co-cultured at 37 ° C. for 7 days in a 95% Air gas phase. On the 3rd and 5th day, 0.4 ml of the culture medium was changed.
  • Lutein in the concentration range of 3-30 ⁇ M was added to the culture system along with IL-1.
  • the cells were stained with a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (hereinafter, TRAP) solution, which is an osteoclast marker enzyme, and then dried at room temperature.
  • TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
  • Three or more TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclasts and evaluated as the number of osteoclasts formed. The obtained results are shown in FIG. It was found that osteoclast formation induced by IL-1 was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of lutein, and was almost completely suppressed in the presence of 30 ⁇ M lutein.
  • Example 2 Effect of lutein on bone resorption activity Parietal bone was collected from 5 day old ddy pups and 1 mg / ml BSA / BGJb medium (penicillin (50 mg / L) and streptomycin ( 100 mg / L))) at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, a medium supplemented with IL-1 (2 ng / mL) and a medium supplemented with 3-30 ⁇ M lutein together with IL-1 were cultured for 5 days. After the culture, the calcium concentration in the culture supernatant was measured. The calcium concentration in the case of only the culture solution was subtracted, and the increase in the calcium concentration was determined as calcium released from the parietal bone and used as an index of bone resorption activity. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
  • Bone resorption activity was significantly suppressed. Bone resorption in a bone organ culture system consists of multiple steps of osteoclast formation, bone matrix (such as type 1 collagen) degradation, and bone mineral dissolution by osteoclasts to detect bone destruction as an organ. be able to. From the results, it was revealed that lutein has an effect of improving bone destruction by bone resorption factor.
  • Example 3 Effect of lutein on RANKL expression in osteoblasts
  • the parietal bones of 1-day-old newborn mice are treated with enzymes, osteoblasts are collected, proliferated by primary culture, and RANKL gene expressed by stimulation with bone resorption factor IL-1 is expressed by RT-PCR method. Analysis was performed. The obtained results are shown in FIG. When only IL-1 was allowed to act on osteoblasts, an increase in the RANKL gene was observed after 3 hours.
  • lutein acts on osteoblasts and negatively regulates the expression of the RANKL gene, which is an essential factor for osteoclast differentiation.
  • RAW264.7 cells which are macrophage cell lines, are known to differentiate and mature into osteoclasts upon addition of soluble RANKL (sRANKL).
  • RAW264.7 was suspended in 0.1 mL of 10% (v / v) FBS / PR ( ⁇ ) ⁇ MEM, seeded at a cell concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 3 cells / well, and 5% CO 2 -95% Air in the gas phase. And co-cultured at 37 ° C. for 5 days. On the third day of culture, the culture medium was changed.
  • sRANKL Human sRANKL (100 ng / ml) was added from the beginning of the culture to induce differentiation into osteoclasts.
  • TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclasts in the same procedure as in Example 1, and evaluated as the number of osteoclasts formed.
  • lutein 3-30 ⁇ M was co-added with sRANKL, it was found that osteoclast differentiation by sRANKL was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of lutein, and was almost completely suppressed in the presence of 30 ⁇ M lutein. .
  • the obtained results are shown in FIG. From this result, it can be understood that lutein acts on osteoclast precursor cells to negatively regulate the signal of RANK, which is a receptor for RANKL.
  • Example 5 Effect of lutein on survival of mature osteoclasts
  • Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was treated with bone marrow cells of femur and tibia collected from mice to differentiate into macrophages, and this primary macrophage culture system
  • M-CSF Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • soluble RANKL soluble RANKL (sRANKL) was added together with M-CSF for 3 days to primary macrophages obtained by adding M-CSF to mouse bone marrow cells for 5 days to differentiate into mature osteoclasts.
  • lutein (30 ⁇ M) was added together with M-CSF and sRANKL, and the number of mature osteoclasts after 2 days of culture was examined to examine the effect of lutein on osteoclast survival. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the number of mature osteoclasts significantly decreased in the lutein added group. This indicates that lutein acts on mature osteoclasts and inhibits their cell survival, ie promotes apoptosis induction.
  • Comparative Example 1 Effect of ⁇ -carotene on osteoclast formation
  • ⁇ -carotene which is a carotenoid similar to lutein and has a structure similar to lutein, was examined for its effect on osteoclast formation.
  • ⁇ -carotene is represented by the following structural formula.
  • Example 6 Effect of lutein on alveolar bone destruction
  • LPS lipopolysaccharide
  • the bone resorption activity was calculated from the difference in calcium concentration as in Example 2. The results are shown in FIG. It was revealed that the addition of lutein significantly suppressed bone resorption activity and significantly improved alveolar bone destruction by LPS. Therefore, it is recognized that lutein has an improving effect on periodontal disease.
  • lutein suppresses osteoclast differentiation and suppresses bone resorption.
  • lutein acts on osteoblasts to negatively control the expression of the RANKL gene, while it acts on osteoclast precursor cells and acts as a receptor for RANKL, RANK. It was suggested to negatively regulate the signal. Furthermore, it was found to inhibit the survival of mature osteoclasts. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that lutein exerts a preventive / ameliorating effect on diseases mainly caused by bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease.
  • Example 7 Effect of lutein on osteoblast mineralization
  • the effect of lutein on bone formation was evaluated in a primary osteoblast culture system.
  • the experiment was performed by collecting osteoblasts by enzymatic treatment of the parietal bones of newborn mice and obtaining osteoblasts by primary culture.
  • the culture system was seeded with osteoblasts at a cell concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well in a 24-well plate, AA (ascorbic acid) 50 ⁇ g / mL, ⁇ -GP (betaglycerophosphate) 10 mM in 10% FBS / ⁇ MEM, DEX (dexamethasone) 10 ⁇ 8 M) was added, and the mixture was cultured at 37 ° C.
  • Example 8 Effect of Lutein on Expression of Sclerostin and BMP BMP has been found as a cytokine that promotes differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and consequently enhances bone formation.
  • sclerostin SOST
  • SOST sclerostin
  • Example 9 Action of Lutein on Bone Density and Cortical Bone Ratio
  • Lutein powder was mixed with bait to prepare a lutein-containing bait, and the effect on bone formation in vivo was examined.
  • Growing male mice were fed a powdered diet supplemented with lutein for 4 weeks, after which femurs were collected from the mice and analyzed for bone tissue using DEXA and 3D- ⁇ CT.
  • the total bone density increased in the lutein intake group (FIG. 12).
  • the distal femur and diaphyseal cortical bone were analyzed by 3D- ⁇ CT.
  • the obtained CT data was subjected to image analysis and bone quantification of the distal cancellous bone and diaphyseal cortical bone of the femur using three-dimensional image analysis software.
  • BV / TV (FIG. 13) as the amount of cancellous bone
  • Cv / Av (FIG. 14) as the ratio of cortical bone
  • DEXA and 3D- ⁇ CT were analyzed according to the method described in “J Pharmacol Sci. 2011, 115: 89-93.”. From the above results, it was suggested in the in vitro and in vivo experiments that lutein promotes bone formation, and it was demonstrated that it is effective for the prevention and treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

Abstract

[Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a highly safe prophylactic or therapeutic composition for bone diseases, which has an excellent prophylactic or therapeutic effect. [Solution] A prophylactic or therapeutic composition for bone diseases, which contains lutein as an active ingredient.

Description

骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物Composition for prevention or treatment of bone disease
 本発明は、骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物に関する。より詳細には、ルテインを有効成分として含有する骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating bone diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating bone diseases containing lutein as an active ingredient.
 高齢化社会を迎えた日本の骨粗鬆症患者数は1000万人を超え、更年期女性の3人に1人、また高齢者の大部分が骨粗鬆症に罹患しているといわれており、骨粗鬆症患者数の増大は社会的・経済的に深刻な問題となっている。骨粗鬆症では、古い骨が新しい骨に置き換わる骨リモデリングの過程において、骨吸収量が骨形成量を上回る結果、骨量が減少する。すなわち、古くなった骨を破壊し骨のカルシウムを溶解する破骨細胞と、破壊された骨を修復して再生する骨芽細胞の2種類において、両者のバランスが崩れ、破骨細胞による骨の溶解(骨吸収)が骨芽細胞による骨の再生を上回ることにより、骨密度が減少するのである。そして、四肢を中心とした全身の骨塩量の減少に加えて、骨内部構造に変化をきたし、また骨の微細構造も崩壊するため、骨が脆弱化し、骨折により寝たきり状態となる高齢患者も多い。 The number of osteoporosis patients in Japan, which has reached an aging society, exceeds 10 million, one in three menopause women, and the majority of elderly people are said to suffer from osteoporosis. Has become a serious social and economic problem. In osteoporosis, in the process of bone remodeling in which old bones are replaced with new bones, the amount of bone resorption exceeds the amount of bone formation, resulting in a decrease in bone mass. In other words, the two types of osteoclasts, which destroy old bones and dissolve bone calcium, and osteoblasts that repair and regenerate broken bones, are unbalanced. Bone density is reduced by lysis (bone resorption) exceeding bone regeneration by osteoblasts. And in addition to the decrease in bone mineral content throughout the body, especially in the limbs, the internal structure of the bone has changed, and the microstructure of the bone has also collapsed, so some elderly patients become fragile and fall asleep due to fractures. Many.
 同様にして歯を支える骨が破壊される疾患として歯周病が挙げられる。歯周病は歯槽骨と呼ばれる歯を支える骨が歯垢による細菌感染により吸収する疾患で、日本での患者数は2000万人を超える。歯を失う事により、食事と栄養補給を障害する主因となっている。さらに、骨粗鬆症が歯周病による骨の破壊を悪化させる因子ともなる。従って、全身を支えるための骨及び栄養補給を確保するための口腔の健康は生活の質の維持・向上に必須である。 Similarly, there is periodontal disease as a disease in which bones supporting the teeth are destroyed. Periodontal disease is a disease in which bone supporting the teeth, called alveolar bone, is absorbed by bacterial infection due to plaque, and the number of patients in Japan exceeds 20 million. Losing teeth is a major cause of disability in diet and nutrition. Furthermore, osteoporosis is a factor that worsens bone destruction due to periodontal disease. Therefore, bone health for supporting the whole body and oral health for ensuring nutritional supplementation are essential for maintaining and improving the quality of life.
 上記のとおり、骨形成を上回る骨吸収の亢進は骨疾患の原因である。近年の研究により、骨吸収は、(1)インターロイキン刺激などによる骨芽細胞上での破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL:receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)の発現促進、(2)RANKLを認識した破骨細胞前駆細胞(単球・マクロファージ系細胞)の成熟破骨細胞への分化(RANKL-RANKシグナル系)、及び(3)破骨細胞による骨の破壊という、大きく3つのプロセスを経ることが分かっている。 As mentioned above, increased bone resorption over bone formation is a cause of bone disease. According to recent studies, bone resorption is (1) promoted expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL: receptor activator NF-κB ligand) on osteoblasts by interleukin stimulation, etc. (2) recognized RANKL The osteoclast precursor cells (monocytes / macrophage cells) differentiate into mature osteoclasts (RANKL-RANK signal system), and (3) bone destruction by osteoclasts. I know.
 他方、骨形成を負に調節するスクレロスチン(sclerostin)及び骨形成促進タンパク(BMP:Bone Morphogenetic Protein)が、骨疾患のもう一方の原因となり得る骨形成能の低下に関与していることが報告されている。すなわち、骨軟化症の原因遺伝子であるSOSTはスクレロスチンをコードしており、スクレロスチンは骨形成促進タンパクの働きを阻害することが知られている(非特許文献1)。 On the other hand, it has been reported that sclerostin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) that negatively regulate bone formation are involved in the reduction of bone formation ability that can be another cause of bone diseases. ing. That is, SOST, which is a causative gene of osteomalacia, encodes sclerostin, and sclerostin is known to inhibit the action of bone formation promoting proteins (Non-patent Document 1).
 従来、骨粗鬆症の治療は骨吸収の抑制あるいは骨形成を補助する薬剤が主流であった。現在最も普及している治療方法は、ビスホスホネート製剤、ホルモン剤(エストロゲン)、カルシウム製剤、ビタミンDやその誘導体等を服用し、全身性に骨代謝の改善を試みるものである(例えば、特許文献1)。しかし、これら薬剤の投薬においては、副作用を考慮して薬剤の投与量が制限されるため、短期間で顕著な効果を得ることができないという問題がある。とりわけ、これらの薬剤は、骨粗鬆症によって細くなった骨梁がそれ以上吸収されないよう維持したり、細くなった骨梁をやや回復させる程度の効果は望めても、いったん吸収されて失われた骨梁を新たに骨形成させる効果は望めないと考えられているため、骨粗鬆症の予防医療の推進には課題が多い。 Traditionally, drugs for suppressing bone resorption or assisting bone formation have been the mainstream in the treatment of osteoporosis. At present, the most widely used treatment method is to take a bisphosphonate preparation, a hormonal agent (estrogen), a calcium preparation, vitamin D or a derivative thereof, and try to improve bone metabolism systemically (for example, Patent Document 1). ). However, in the administration of these drugs, there is a problem that a remarkable effect cannot be obtained in a short period because the dose of the drug is limited in consideration of side effects. In particular, these drugs can be used to maintain the trabecular bone that has been thinned by osteoporosis so that it can no longer be absorbed, or to recover the thinned trabecula somewhat, but once it has been absorbed and lost. Since it is thought that the effect of newly forming bone is not expected, there are many problems in promoting preventive medicine for osteoporosis.
 一方、近年、歯周病の予防・治療に柑橘類に含まれるポリメトキシフラボノイド類やβ-クリプトキサンチンが有効であることが見出されている(特許文献2及び3)。しかしながら、これらの化合物が実質的な骨形成増強作用を有し、骨密度だけでなく皮質骨の割合をも増加させ得ることについては、本発明者の知る限り、報告はない。特に、ポリメトキシフラボノイド類やβ-クリプトキサンチンが、スクレロスチン及びBMPの発現へ何らかの影響を及ぼしていると報告された事実を、本発明者らは知らない。また、歯周病の治療に関しても、当該疾患は依然として歯科医院での治療が一般的であり、治療後は持続的なオーラルケアが必須となる等、その根本的な治療薬の開発に至っていないのが現状である。 On the other hand, in recent years, it has been found that polymethoxyflavonoids and β-cryptoxanthin contained in citrus fruits are effective for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease (Patent Documents 2 and 3). However, as far as the present inventors know, there is no report that these compounds have a substantial bone formation enhancing action and can increase not only the bone density but also the proportion of cortical bone. In particular, the present inventors do not know the fact that polymethoxyflavonoids and β-cryptoxanthin are reported to have some influence on the expression of sclerostin and BMP. In addition, regarding the treatment of periodontal disease, the disease is still generally treated in dental clinics, and after the treatment, continuous oral care is indispensable. is the current situation.
 従って、これら骨疾患に関しては生活習慣の改善など、その予防の重要性が認知されるとともに、より効果的で安全性の高い有効成分によって骨疾患を予防又は治療する試みが求められている。 Therefore, regarding these bone diseases, the importance of prevention, such as improvement of lifestyle habits, is recognized, and an attempt to prevent or treat bone diseases with more effective and safe active ingredients is required.
日本国特許出願公開第2010-106042号Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-106042 日本国特許第4662043号Japanese Patent No. 4662043 日本国特許第5099617号Japanese Patent No. 5099617
 以上のような背景の下に、本発明は、優れた予防又は治療効果を有する安全性の高い骨疾患予防又は治療用組成物を提供することを課題とするものである。 Under the background as described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe composition for preventing or treating bone diseases having an excellent preventive or therapeutic effect.
 本発明者らは、ホウレン草等の農作物に豊富に含まれるカロテノイドであって、従来は主として眼病の予防や治療効果について研究がなされてきたルテインが、破骨細胞の分化・生存を抑制して骨吸収を抑制する作用を有し、骨粗鬆症や歯周病などの骨疾患の予防又は治療に有用であることを見出した。さらに、本発明者らは、ルテインが実質的で有意な骨形成増強作用を有しており、皮質骨の割合を増加させて骨強度を向上させ得ることを見出した。ルテインが、骨吸収の抑制と骨形成の促進という、骨疾患の治療において重要な2つの有用な薬理作用を同時に示したことは、驚嘆に値した。 The present inventors are carotenoids abundantly contained in crops such as spinach, and lutein, which has been studied mainly for the prevention and treatment effects of eye diseases in the past, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and survival and suppresses bone. It has been found that it has an action of suppressing absorption and is useful for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that lutein has a substantial and significant bone formation enhancing action and can increase the bone strength by increasing the proportion of cortical bone. It was surprising that lutein simultaneously demonstrated two useful pharmacological actions important in the treatment of bone diseases: inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation.
 すなわち、本発明は、一つの側面は、
(1)ルテイン及び医薬として許容される担体を含む、骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物;
(2)前記骨疾患が、骨破壊を伴う疾患である、上記(1)に記載の組成物;及び
(3)前記骨疾患が、骨粗鬆症、歯周病、骨軟化症、関節リウマチによる骨破壊、又はがんの骨転移による骨破壊である、上記(1)に記載の組成物
に関する。
That is, one aspect of the present invention is
(1) A composition for preventing or treating bone disease, comprising lutein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;
(2) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is a disease accompanied by bone destruction; and (3) the bone disease is osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomalacia, bone destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Or the composition according to (1) above, which is bone destruction caused by bone metastasis of cancer.
 そして、本発明の好適な態様は、
(4)前記骨疾患が、患者の骨吸収を抑制することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物;
(5)前記骨疾患が、患者における破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)の発現を抑制することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物;
(6)前記骨疾患が、患者における破骨細胞の分化を抑制することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物;及び
(7)前記骨疾患が、患者における成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシスを誘導することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物
に関する。
And the suitable aspect of this invention is:
(4) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing bone resorption of a patient;
(5) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) in a patient;
(6) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in the patient; and (7) mature osteoclast in the patient. The composition according to (1) above, which is prevented or treated by inducing apoptosis of cells.
 さらに、本発明の別の好適な態様は、
(8)前記骨疾患が、患者の骨形成を増強することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物;
(9)前記骨疾患が、患者におけるスクレロスチンの発現を減少することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物;
(10)前記骨疾患が、患者における骨形成促進タンパク(BMP)の発現を増強することで予防又は治療される、上記(1)に記載の組成物;及び
(11)患者の皮質骨の割合を増加させるための、上記(1)に記載の組成物
に関する。
Furthermore, another preferred aspect of the present invention is:
(8) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing bone formation in a patient;
(9) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by decreasing the expression of sclerostin in a patient;
(10) The composition according to (1) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing the expression of bone formation promoting protein (BMP) in the patient; and (11) the proportion of cortical bone in the patient It is related with the composition as described in said (1) for increasing.
 また、本発明の別の側面及び関連する態様は、
(12)骨疾患の予防又は治療用のための、ルテインの使用;
(13)前記骨疾患が、骨破壊を伴う疾患である、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(14)前記骨疾患が、骨粗鬆症、歯周病、骨軟化症、関節リウマチによる骨破壊、又はがんの骨転移による骨破壊である、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(15)前記骨疾患が、患者の骨吸収を抑制することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(16)前記骨疾患が、患者における破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)の発現を抑制することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(17)前記骨疾患が、患者における破骨細胞の分化を抑制することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(18)前記骨疾患が、患者における成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシスを誘導することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(19)前記骨疾患が、患者の骨形成を増強することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(20)前記骨疾患が、患者におけるスクレロスチンの発現を減少することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;
(21)前記骨疾患が、患者における骨形成促進タンパク(BMP)の発現を増強することで予防又は治療される、上記(12)に記載の使用;及び
(22)患者の皮質骨の割合を増加させるための、上記(12)に記載の使用に関する。
Further, another aspect of the present invention and related embodiments are as follows:
(12) Use of lutein for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases;
(13) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is a disease accompanied by bone destruction;
(14) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomalacia, bone destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis, or bone destruction caused by bone metastasis of cancer;
(15) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing bone resorption of a patient;
(16) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) in the patient;
(17) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in a patient;
(18) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by inducing apoptosis of mature osteoclasts in a patient;
(19) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing bone formation in a patient;
(20) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by reducing the expression of sclerostin in a patient;
(21) The use according to (12) above, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing the expression of bone formation promoting protein (BMP) in the patient; and (22) the proportion of cortical bone in the patient. The use according to (12) above for increasing.
 更なる、本発明の側面及び関連する態様は、
(23)骨疾患の治療方法であって、そのような処置が必要な患者に対して予防又は治療有効量のルテインを投与することを含む、前記方法;
(24)前記骨疾患が、骨破壊を伴う疾患である、上記(23)に記載の方法;
(25)前記骨疾患が、骨粗鬆症、歯周病、骨軟化症、関節リウマチによる骨破壊、又はがんの骨転移による骨破壊である、上記(23)に記載の方法;
(26)患者の骨吸収を抑制する方法であって、そのような処置が必要な患者に対して骨吸収抑制量のルテインを投与することを含む、前記方法;
(27)前記骨吸収の抑制が、患者における破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)の発現を抑制することを含む(26)に記載の方法;
(28)前記骨吸収の抑制が、患者における破骨細胞の分化を抑制することを含む、上記(26)に記載の方法;
(29)前記骨吸収の抑制が、患者における成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシスを誘導することを含む、上記(26)に記載の方法;
(30)患者の骨形成を増強する方法であって、そのような処置が必要な患者に対して骨形成増強量のルテインを投与することを含む、前記方法;
(31)前記骨形成の増強が、患者におけるスクレロスチンの発現を減少することを含む、上記(30)に記載の方法;
(32)前記骨形成の増強が、患者における骨形成促進タンパク(BMP)の発現を増強することを含む、上記(30)に記載の方法;及び
(33)患者の皮質骨の割合を増加させる方法であって、そのような処置が必要な患者に対して皮質骨割合増加量のルテインを投与することを含む、前記方法
に関する。
Further aspects of the invention and related embodiments include:
(23) A method for treating a bone disease, comprising administering a prophylactic or therapeutically effective amount of lutein to a patient in need of such treatment;
(24) The method according to (23) above, wherein the bone disease is a disease accompanied by bone destruction;
(25) The method according to (23), wherein the bone disease is osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomalacia, bone destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis, or bone destruction caused by bone metastasis of cancer;
(26) A method for inhibiting bone resorption of a patient, comprising administering a bone resorption inhibiting amount of lutein to a patient in need of such treatment;
(27) The method according to (26), wherein the suppression of bone resorption includes suppressing the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) in a patient;
(28) The method according to (26) above, wherein the suppression of bone resorption includes suppressing osteoclast differentiation in a patient;
(29) The method according to (26) above, wherein the inhibition of bone resorption comprises inducing apoptosis of mature osteoclasts in a patient;
(30) A method for enhancing bone formation in a patient, comprising administering an osteogenesis enhancing amount of lutein to a patient in need of such treatment;
(31) The method according to (30) above, wherein the enhancement of bone formation includes reducing the expression of sclerostin in a patient;
(32) The method according to (30), wherein the enhancement of bone formation includes enhancing the expression of bone formation-promoting protein (BMP) in the patient; and (33) increasing the proportion of cortical bone in the patient. A method, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an increased amount of cortical bone lutein.
 本発明によれば、破骨細胞の分化を抑制して骨吸収を抑制するという新規に見出されたルテインの作用によって、骨粗鬆症や歯周病などの骨破壊を特徴とする骨疾患に対する予防あるいは症状改善効果が得られる。特に、当該ルテインの作用は、破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)発現を制御して破骨細胞の分化を抑制するとともに、破骨細胞前駆細胞に作用して成熟破骨細胞への分化を抑制し、併せて成熟破骨細胞の生存を阻害するというメカニズムを有するため、より効果的に骨疾患を予防あるいは治療することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent bone diseases characterized by bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease by the action of lutein newly found to suppress osteoclast differentiation and suppress bone resorption. Symptom improvement effect is obtained. In particular, the action of lutein suppresses osteoclast differentiation by controlling the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) and suppresses differentiation into mature osteoclasts by acting on osteoclast precursor cells. In addition, since it has a mechanism of inhibiting the survival of mature osteoclasts, it becomes possible to prevent or treat bone diseases more effectively.
 さらに、本発明によれば、骨芽細胞の分化と石灰化を促進して骨形成を増強するという新規に見出されたルテインの作用によって、骨粗鬆症や歯周病などの骨破壊を特徴とする骨疾患に対する予防あるいは症状改善効果が得られる。特に当該ルテインの作用は、骨細胞等でのスクレロスチンの発現・分泌を抑制して、スクレロスチンによる骨形成因子(例えばBMP等)の発現阻害作用を解除し、骨芽細胞の成熟と石灰化を促すというメカニズムを有するため、いっそう効果的に骨疾患を予防あるいは治療することが可能となる。 Furthermore, according to the present invention, bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease is characterized by the action of newly found lutein that promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization to enhance bone formation. It can prevent bone disease or improve symptoms. In particular, the action of lutein suppresses the expression and secretion of sclerostin in bone cells and the like, cancels the inhibitory action of sclerostin on the expression of bone forming factors (such as BMP), and promotes maturation and calcification of osteoblasts. Therefore, it becomes possible to prevent or treat bone diseases more effectively.
 また、ルテインは、農作物に由来し、従来より食品として摂取されてきた安全性の高い天然成分であるため、副作用等のおそれも少ないという利点を有する。それゆえ、医薬としての用途のみならず、成長期の子どもの骨量を増やすこと等目的として、骨疾患の予防のための食品や食品材料、飲料、サプリメント製品の開発においても有用である。 In addition, lutein is derived from agricultural crops and has an advantage that there is little risk of side effects because it is a highly safe natural ingredient that has been ingested as a food. Therefore, it is useful not only for use as a medicine but also in the development of foods, food materials, beverages and supplement products for the prevention of bone diseases, for the purpose of increasing bone mass in growing children.
図1は、破骨細胞形成抑制のルテイン依存性を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of osteoclast formation inhibition. 図2は、骨吸収活性抑制のルテイン依存性を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of bone resorption activity suppression. 図3は、骨芽細胞におけるRANKL遺伝子発現抑制のルテイン依存性を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of RANKL gene expression suppression in osteoblasts. 図4は、破骨細胞前駆細胞の分化誘導抑制のルテイン依存性を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of inhibition of differentiation induction of osteoclast precursor cells. 図5は、ルテイン添加に伴う成熟破骨細胞の生存数を示すグラフである。FIG. 5 is a graph showing the number of mature osteoclasts surviving with the addition of lutein. 図6aは、β-カロテン存在下における破骨細胞形成を示すグラフである。 図6bは、β-カロテン存在下における骨芽細胞のRANKL遺伝子発現を示すグラフである。FIG. 6a is a graph showing osteoclast formation in the presence of β-carotene. FIG. 6b is a graph showing RANKL gene expression in osteoblasts in the presence of β-carotene. 図7は、歯槽骨におけるLPS誘導性骨吸収活性抑制のルテイン依存性を示すグラフである。FIG. 7 is a graph showing the lutein dependence of LPS-induced suppression of bone resorption activity in alveolar bone. 図8は、ルテインによる破骨細胞形成・分化抑制の作用機構を示す模式図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an action mechanism of osteoclast formation / differentiation suppression by lutein. 図9は、骨芽細胞の石灰化に及ぼすルテインの効果を示す。アリザリンレッド染色により培養細胞(培養14日目)へのカルシウム沈着(色調の濃い部分)が視覚化されている。FIG. 9 shows the effect of lutein on osteoblast mineralization. Calcium deposits (dark portions) on cultured cells (cultured day 14) are visualized by alizarin red staining. 図10は、骨芽細胞の石灰化に及ぼすルテインの効果を示すグラフである。図10のデータは、図9でのアリザリンレッド陽性(石灰化)エリアを画像解析により定量して得た。FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of lutein on osteoblast calcification. The data in FIG. 10 was obtained by quantifying the alizarin red positive (calcified) area in FIG. 9 by image analysis. 図11は、骨形成関連遺伝子発現に対するルテインの効果を示すグラフである。FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of lutein on bone formation-related gene expression. 図12は、雄性マウスにおけるルテインの大腿骨骨密度に対する作用を示すグラフである。解析は、DEXA(Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometory)を用いて行われた。FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of lutein on femur bone density in male mice. The analysis was performed using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptometry). 図13は、雄性マウスにおけるルテインの大腿骨遠位部に対する効果を示すグラフ及び写真である。解析は、Micro-CTを用いて行われた。FIG. 13 is a graph and a photograph showing the effect of lutein on the distal femur in male mice. Analysis was performed using Micro-CT. 図14は、雄性マウスにおけるルテインの大腿骨骨幹部に対する作用を示すグラフ及び写真である。ルテインにより皮質骨の割合が有意に増加していたことが示されている。解析は、Micro-CTを用いて行われた。FIG. 14 is a graph and photograph showing the action of lutein on the femoral shaft in male mice. It has been shown that lutein significantly increased the proportion of cortical bone. Analysis was performed using Micro-CT. 図15は、ルテインによる骨芽細胞の分化・石灰化の作用機構を示す模式図である。FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an action mechanism of osteoblast differentiation / calcification by lutein.
 以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。本発明の範囲はこれらの説明に拘束されることはなく、以下の例示以外についても、本発明の趣旨を損なわない範囲で適宜変更し実施することができる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The scope of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and other than the following examples, the scope of the present invention can be appropriately changed and implemented without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
 本発明において有効成分として使用されるルテインは、キサントフィル類に分類されるカロテノイドであり、以下の構造式を有する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
Lutein used as an active ingredient in the present invention is a carotenoid classified as xanthophyll and has the following structural formula.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
 当該ルテインは、ホウレン草やブロッコリー等の緑黄色野菜、豆類、マリーゴールドの花弁、クロレラ、その他陸上植物の葉、花弁などから抽出することができる。ルテインを含む抽出物は、これらの植物を、そのまま或いは必要に応じて、乾燥、細切、破砕、粉砕、圧搾、煮沸或いは発酵処理したものを溶媒で抽出処理することにより取得することができる。 The lutein can be extracted from green and yellow vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, beans, petals of marigold, chlorella, leaves of other land plants, petals, and the like. An extract containing lutein can be obtained by subjecting these plants to extraction treatment with a solvent after drying, chopping, crushing, crushing, pressing, boiling or fermenting these plants as they are or as necessary.
 抽出処理において用いられる溶媒としては、例えば、極性有機溶媒、水と極性有機溶媒の混合液等の極性溶媒を挙げることができる。また、当該極性有溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール等のアルコール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、ヘキサン、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、エーテルなどの単独あるいは2 種以上の組み合わせを挙げることができる。上記極性溶媒の中で、人体への安全性と取扱性の観点から、好ましくはエタノール、プロパノール、アセトン、ヘキサン又はこれらの混合物が挙げられる。 Examples of the solvent used in the extraction treatment include polar solvents such as a polar organic solvent and a mixed solution of water and a polar organic solvent. Examples of the polar solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ether, or a combination of two or more. Among the polar solvents, ethanol, propanol, acetone, hexane, or a mixture thereof is preferably used from the viewpoint of safety to the human body and handleability.
 他のルテインの製造方法に関して、日本国特許出願公開番号第2007-46015号は、超臨界又は亜臨界状態の二酸化炭素による植物からの抽出を記載しており、そのような方法は本発明においても利用できる。或いは、ルテインは和光純薬工業株式会社などからの市販品としても入手可能である。 Regarding another method for producing lutein, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-46015 describes extraction from plants with carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state, and such a method is also used in the present invention. Available. Alternatively, lutein is also available as a commercial product from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
 後述の実施例に示すとおり、ルテインは骨吸収を抑制するという作用を示す。また、ルテインは、骨形成を直接的に促進するという作用を示す。したがって、ルテインを有効成分として含有する組成物は骨疾患の予防又は治療用として用いることができる。本発明において、骨疾患としては、骨代謝の不全、骨破壊の亢進、及び/又は骨形成能の低下等に関連して発症する疾患であればよく、骨粗鬆症、歯周病、がんの骨転移、慢性関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、骨軟化症、副甲状腺機能亢進症、ペジェット病等を挙げることができる。本発明における「予防又は治療」は、骨代謝の不全や骨破壊の亢進等に関連した症状の発生を抑制する又は進行を維持又は抑止できればよく、また、予防と治療とを明確に区別されなくてもよい。 As shown in Examples described later, lutein exhibits an action of suppressing bone resorption. In addition, lutein has an effect of directly promoting bone formation. Therefore, a composition containing lutein as an active ingredient can be used for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases. In the present invention, the bone disease may be any disease that develops in relation to bone metabolism failure, increased bone destruction, and / or decreased bone forming ability, such as osteoporosis, periodontal disease, and bone of cancer. Examples include metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, and Paget's disease. The “prevention or treatment” in the present invention is not limited to the distinction between prevention and treatment, as long as it can suppress or maintain or inhibit the development of symptoms related to bone metabolism failure and bone destruction. May be.
 本発明の骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物は、液体、固体、粉末又はゲル状等のいずれの形態であってもよく、医薬として用いられる場合の形態としては、例えば、錠剤、丸剤、散剤、カプセル剤(軟カプセル剤、硬カプセル剤)、顆粒剤、トローチ剤、チュアブル剤、内服液剤や、注射剤(血管内投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、皮内投与など)、あるいは坐剤などが挙げられる。錠剤には、必要に応じて、通常の剤皮を施すこともでき、例えば、糖衣錠、フィルムコーティング錠等とすることができ、さらに二層錠、多層錠としてもよい。また、顆粒剤や散剤も通常の剤皮を施すことができる。 The composition for preventing or treating bone disease of the present invention may be in any form such as liquid, solid, powder or gel. Examples of forms used as a medicament include tablets, pills, Powders, capsules (soft capsules, hard capsules), granules, troches, chewables, internal liquids, injections (intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal etc.) or suppositories Etc. If necessary, the tablet can be given a normal coating, for example, a sugar-coated tablet, a film-coated tablet, or the like, and may be a bilayer tablet or a multilayer tablet. Granules and powders can also be given a normal coating.
 また、本発明の骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物には、適用される形態に基づき使用可能な周知の医薬として許容される通常の担体、結合剤、安定化剤、賦形剤、希釈剤、pH緩衝剤、崩壊剤、可溶化剤、溶解補助剤、等張剤などの各種調剤用配合成分を含むことができる。担体としては、例えば、乳糖、白糖、ブドウ糖、澱粉、結晶セルロース等の賦形剤、例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ゼラチン、トラガント、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム等の結合剤、例えば、澱粉、カルボキシメチルセルロース、炭酸カルシウム等の崩壊剤、例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク、ステアリン酸などの滑沢剤が使用できる。 Further, the composition for preventing or treating bone diseases of the present invention has a well-known conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, binder, stabilizer, excipient, and diluent that can be used based on the applied form. , Various formulation ingredients such as pH buffering agents, disintegrants, solubilizers, solubilizers, and isotonic agents. Examples of the carrier include excipients such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, starch, crystalline cellulose, and binders such as hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, gelatin, tragacanth, gum arabic, and sodium alginate, such as starch and carboxymethylcellulose. In addition, disintegrating agents such as calcium carbonate, for example, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc and stearic acid can be used.
 本発明の骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物は、経口的又は非経口的に投与することができ、例えば、上記のように粉末、顆粒、錠剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、懸濁液等の剤型で経口的に投与することができ、又は、例えば、練り歯磨、口腔内軟膏剤、含嗽剤溶液等の口腔内使用剤として投与することもでき、或いは、乳剤、懸濁液等の剤型にしたものを注射剤として非経口投与することができる。骨疾患が歯周病である場合には、口腔内使用剤が好ましい。 The composition for preventing or treating bone disease of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally. For example, as described above, powder, granules, tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, etc. It can be administered orally in a dosage form, or can be administered as an oral use agent such as a toothpaste, an oral ointment, a mouthwash solution, or an agent such as an emulsion or suspension The mold can be administered parenterally as an injection. When the bone disease is periodontal disease, an oral use agent is preferable.
 本発明の骨疾患予防又は治療用組成物は、対象となる患者の性別、年齢、体重、症状、又はその他の要因に応じて適切な投与量で投与することができる。好ましい成人1人当りの1日投与量は、有効成分量として、例えば、0.02~200mg/体重Kg/日であり、好ましくは0.2~20mg/体重Kg/日である。任意の投与計画に従って投与され得る前記骨疾患予防又は治療用組成物の投与期間は、年齢、症状に応じて任意に定めることができる。例えば、持続投与、1日に3回、1日に2回、1日1回、2日に1回、3日に1回、1週間に1回、又は任意の期間および間隔で投与され得る。骨吸収抑制量、骨形成増強量及び皮質骨割合増加量についても、上記の用量及び用法が適用できる。 The composition for preventing or treating bone disease of the present invention can be administered at an appropriate dose according to the sex, age, weight, symptom, or other factors of the subject patient. A preferable daily dose per adult is, for example, 0.02 to 200 mg / Kg / day, preferably 0.2 to 20 mg / Kg / day, as the amount of active ingredient. The administration period of the composition for preventing or treating bone disease that can be administered according to any administration schedule can be arbitrarily determined according to age and symptoms. For example, continuous administration can be administered three times daily, twice daily, once daily, once every two days, once every three days, once a week, or at any period and interval . The above doses and usages can also be applied to the bone resorption suppression amount, the bone formation enhancement amount, and the cortical bone ratio increase amount.
 本発明の骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物は、従来用いられている他の骨粗鬆症治療用薬剤と併用することもできる。併用しうる薬剤としては、エストロゲン製剤、ビスホスホネート製剤、活性型ビタミンD3製剤、カルシウム製剤、カルシトニン製剤、メナテトレノン(ビタミンK2)、イプリフラボン、蛋白同化ホルモン、β-クリプトキサンチンなどを挙げることができる。 The composition for preventing or treating bone diseases of the present invention can be used in combination with other conventionally used osteoporosis therapeutic agents. Examples of drugs that can be used in combination include estrogen preparations, bisphosphonate preparations, active vitamin D3 preparations, calcium preparations, calcitonin preparations, menatetrenone (vitamin K2), ipriflavone, anabolic hormones, β-cryptoxanthin and the like.
 同様に、鎮痛・消炎・抗炎症薬と併用することもできる。かかる鎮痛・消炎・抗炎症薬としては、イブプロフェンピコノール、インドメタシン、ウフェナマート、ケトプロフェン、グリチルレチン酸、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、スプロフェン、ピロキシカム、フェルビナク、ブフェキサマク、フルルビプロフェン、ペンダザック、ジフェンヒドラミン、ラウリル硫酸ジフェンヒドラミン、アムシノニド、吉草酸酢酸プレドニゾロン、吉草酸ジフルコルトロン、吉草酸デキサメタゾン、吉草酸ベタメタゾン、酢酸ジフロラゾン、酢酸ヒドロコルチゾン、ジフルプレドナート、ジプロピオン酸ベタメタゾン、デキサメタゾン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、ハルシノニド、ピバル酸フルメタゾン、フランカルボン酸モメタゾン、フルオシノニド、フルオシノロンアセトニド、フルドロキシコルチド、プレドニゾロン、プロピオン酸アルクロメタゾン、プロピオン酸クロベタゾール、プロピオン酸デキサメタゾン、プロピオン酸デプロドン、プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、酪酸クロベタゾン、酪酸ヒドロコルチゾン、酪酸プロピオン酸ヒドロコルチゾン、酪酸プロピオン酸ベタメタゾン、酢酸プレドニゾロンなどを挙げることができる。また、候補薬剤としての上記抗生物質としては、塩酸オキシテトラサイクリン、塩酸テトラサイクリン、ゲンタマイシン、フラジオマイシン、エリスロマイシン、ピマリシン、硫酸ブレオマイシン、合成ペニシリン、合成セファロスポリン、バンコマイシンなどを挙げることができる。 Similarly, it can be used in combination with analgesic / anti-inflammatory / anti-inflammatory drugs. Such analgesic / anti-inflammatory / anti-inflammatory drugs include ibuprofen piconol, indomethacin, ufenamate, ketoprofen, glycyrrhetinic acid, diclofenac sodium, suprofen, piroxicam, felbinac, bufexamac, flurbiprofen, pendazac, diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine lauryl sulfate, Prednisolone valerate acetate, diflucortron valerate, dexamethasone valerate, betamethasone valerate, diflorazone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, diflupredonate, betamethasone dipropionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, halsinonide, flumetasone pivalate, mometasone furanate , Fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, fludroxycortide, Donizoron, alclometasone propionate, clobetasol propionate, can be given dexamethasone propionate, deprodone propionate, beclomethasone propionate, clobetasone butyrate, hydrocortisone butyrate, butyrate propionate, hydrocortisone, betamethasone butyrate propionate, acetate and the like prednisolone. Examples of the antibiotics as candidate drugs include oxytetracycline hydrochloride, tetracycline hydrochloride, gentamicin, fradiomycin, erythromycin, pimaricin, bleomycin sulfate, synthetic penicillin, synthetic cephalosporin, vancomycin and the like.
 別の側面において、ルテインは、破骨細胞の分化・生存を抑制することによって骨吸収を抑制するという作用を示すので、骨吸収抑制剤として用いることができる。また、当該骨吸収抑制剤は、後述の実施例に示すとおり、
 1)骨芽細胞に作用し、破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL:receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)の発現を抑制する;
 2)破骨細胞前駆細胞(マクロファージ)に作用し、成熟破骨細胞への分化を抑制する(RANKシグナルを抑制し、分化と多核化を抑制する);
 3)成熟破骨細胞に作用し、その細胞生存を阻害する(アポトーシス誘導を促す)
という3つの作用点により、破骨細胞の形成抑制作用を発揮する。図8に当該作用機構の模式図を示す。従って、ルテインは、破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)発現抑制剤、破骨細胞分化抑制剤、及び成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシス誘導剤としても作用し得る。
In another aspect, lutein exhibits an action of inhibiting bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation / survival, and thus can be used as a bone resorption inhibitor. In addition, the bone resorption inhibitor is, as shown in the examples below,
1) acts on osteoblasts and suppresses the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL: receptor activator of NF-κB ligand);
2) Acts on osteoclast precursor cells (macrophages) and suppresses differentiation into mature osteoclasts (suppresses RANK signal and suppresses differentiation and multinucleation);
3) Acts on mature osteoclasts and inhibits their survival (promotes apoptosis induction)
The effect of inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts is exhibited by these three action points. FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the action mechanism. Therefore, lutein can also act as an osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) expression inhibitor, an osteoclast differentiation inhibitor, and an apoptosis inducer of mature osteoclasts.
 更なる別の側面において、ルテインは、未分化間葉系幹細胞からの骨芽細胞への分化を促進することによって骨形成を増強するという作用を示すので、骨形成増強剤として用いることができる。また、当該骨形成増強剤は、後述の実施例に示す通り、
 1)骨芽細胞に作用し、骨形成因子の働きを阻害するSOST遺伝子産物であるスクレロスチンの発現・分泌を減少ないし抑制する;
  2)スクレロスチンの発現・分泌を減少ないし抑制することにより、骨形成促進タンパク(BMP:Bone Morphogenetic Protein)等の発現及び機能を増強し、未分化間葉系幹細胞からの骨芽細胞への分化を促進する;
  3)さらに、BMP等の発現及び機能を増強することにより、成熟骨芽細胞の石灰化を促進する
 という3つの作用点により、骨形成増強作用を発揮する。図15に当該作用機構の模式図を示す。従って、ルテインは、スクレロスチン発現抑制剤、BMP発現促進剤、及び骨芽細胞石灰化促進剤としても作用し得る。
In still another aspect, lutein exhibits an effect of enhancing bone formation by promoting differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and thus can be used as an osteogenesis enhancer. In addition, the bone formation enhancer, as shown in the examples below,
1) Decrease or suppress the expression / secretion of sclerostin, which is a SOST gene product that acts on osteoblasts and inhibits the function of osteogenic factors;
2) By reducing or suppressing the expression / secretion of sclerostin, the expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and the like are enhanced and differentiation from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts is enhanced. Facilitate;
3) Further, by enhancing the expression and function of BMP and the like, the bone formation enhancing action is exerted by the three action points of promoting the calcification of mature osteoblasts. FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of the action mechanism. Therefore, lutein can also act as a sclerostin expression inhibitor, a BMP expression promoter, and an osteoblast calcification promoter.
 かかる破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)発現抑制剤、破骨細胞分化抑制剤及び成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシス誘導剤、並びに、スクレロスチン発現抑制剤、BMP発現促進剤及び骨芽細胞石灰化促進剤は、医薬品だけではなく、例えば、食品添加物、栄養補助食品、オーラルケア用の健康補助食品、オーラルケア用の添加物、栄養剤、治療用食品、栄養補給食品、健康食品等の任意の種類及び形態の食品又は食品材料に添加又は配合することができる。例えば、ヨーグルト、ドリンクヨーグルト、ジュース、牛乳、豆乳、酒類、コーヒー、紅茶、煎茶、ウーロン茶、スポーツ飲料等の各種飲料や、プリン、クッキー、パン、ケーキ、ゼリー、煎餅などの焼き菓子、羊羹などの和菓子、冷菓、チューインガム等のパン・菓子類や、うどん、そば等の麺類や、かまぼこ、ハム、魚肉ソーセージ等の魚肉練り製品や、みそ、しょう油、ドレッシング、マヨネーズ、甘味料等の調味類や、チーズ、バター等の乳製品や、豆腐、こんにゃく、その他佃煮、餃子、コロッケ、サラダ等の各種総菜へ添加又は配合として使用することができる。 Such osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) expression inhibitor, osteoclast differentiation inhibitor, apoptosis inducer of mature osteoclasts, sclerostin expression inhibitor, BMP expression promoter and osteoblast calcification promoter are: , As well as pharmaceuticals, for example, any kind of food additives, nutritional supplements, oral health supplements, oral care additives, nutrients, therapeutic foods, nutritional supplements, health foods, etc. It can be added or blended into the form of food or food material. For example, yogurt, drink yogurt, juice, milk, soy milk, liquor, coffee, tea, sencha, oolong tea, sports beverages, puddings, cookies, bread, cakes, jelly, rice crackers Bread and confectionery such as Japanese confectionery, frozen confectionery, chewing gum, noodles such as udon and soba, fish paste products such as kamaboko, ham and fish sausage, seasonings such as miso, soy sauce, dressing, mayonnaise, sweetener, cheese , Dairy products such as butter, and tofu, konjac, other boiled rice, dumplings, croquettes, salads and other various side dishes.
 所望の場合には、本発明の破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)発現抑制剤、破骨細胞分化抑制剤及び成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシス誘導剤、並びに、スクレロスチン発現抑制剤、BMP発現促進剤及び骨芽細胞石灰化促進剤は、少なくとも1種のカルシウム摂取もしくは吸収促進剤又は骨代謝改善剤と組み合わせて用いられてもよい。かかるカルシウム摂取もしくはカルシウムの吸収促進剤としては、炭酸カルシウム等のカルシウム塩、DFAIII(ツイントース)、FOS(フラクトオリゴ糖)、CPP(カゼインホスホペプチド)、ビタミンD等が挙げられる。骨代謝改善剤としては、炭酸カルシウム等のカルシウム塩、ビタミンD、ビタミンK、大豆イソフラボン、コラーゲン、MBP(乳塩基性タンパク質)等が挙げられる。 If desired, the osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) expression inhibitor of the present invention, osteoclast differentiation inhibitor and mature osteoclast apoptosis inducer, sclerostin expression inhibitor, BMP expression promoter and The osteoblast mineralization promoter may be used in combination with at least one calcium intake or absorption promoter or bone metabolism improving agent. Examples of such calcium intake or calcium absorption promoters include calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, DFAIII (twintose), FOS (fructo-oligosaccharide), CPP (casein phosphopeptide), vitamin D and the like. Examples of the bone metabolism improving agent include calcium salts such as calcium carbonate, vitamin D, vitamin K, soybean isoflavone, collagen, MBP (milk basic protein) and the like.
 以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらによって限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
 以下の実施例では、ルテインの骨代謝調節作用を実証するために、骨吸収(骨の破壊)への作用、骨形成(新しい骨を造る)への作用を培養系ないし実験動物で検討した。 In the following examples, in order to demonstrate the effect of lutein on regulating bone metabolism, the effects on bone resorption (bone destruction) and bone formation (creating new bone) were examined in culture systems or experimental animals.
 先ず、骨吸収へのルテインの作用について、細胞培養および骨器官培養系におけるルテインの破骨細胞分化と骨吸収活性への影響を検証した。ここで、骨吸収を司る細胞は、破骨細胞であり、単球・マクロファージ系の前駆細胞から分化するが、その分化は、骨芽細胞の細胞表面に発現している破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL:receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)によって調節されている(図8参照)。骨吸収因子であるインターロイキン-1(IL-1)は、骨芽細胞に作用してRANKLの発現を亢進し、破骨細胞の形成を促して、骨吸収活性を発揮する。従って、骨吸収へのルテインの作用を調べるにあたり、破骨細胞分化への影響、骨吸収への影響、骨芽細胞におけるRANKL発現への影響等を解析した(実施例1~5、及び比較例1)。 First, regarding the action of lutein on bone resorption, the effect of lutein on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity in cell culture and bone organ culture systems was examined. Here, the cells responsible for bone resorption are osteoclasts, which differentiate from monocyte / macrophage progenitor cells, but the differentiation is an osteoclast differentiation inducing factor expressed on the cell surface of osteoblasts. (RANKL: receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) (see FIG. 8). Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a bone resorption factor, acts on osteoblasts to enhance the expression of RANKL, promotes osteoclast formation, and exhibits bone resorption activity. Therefore, in examining the effect of lutein on bone resorption, the effects on osteoclast differentiation, the effects on bone resorption, the effects on RANKL expression in osteoblasts, etc. were analyzed (Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples). 1).
 さらに、マウス歯周病評価系を用いて、ルテインの歯周病予防効果についても検討を行った(当該歯周病への有効性評価は、特許第4662043号等に記載の手法に基づくものである)。すなわち、マウスから歯槽骨を採取して器官培養し、TLR4リガンドであるリポポリサッカライド(LPS)により惹起される歯槽骨破壊(歯槽骨の炎症性骨吸収)に対するルテインの抑制作用を解析した(実施例6)。 Furthermore, the periodontal disease prevention effect of lutein was also examined using a mouse periodontal disease evaluation system. (Efficacy evaluation for the periodontal disease is based on the method described in Japanese Patent No. 4660433 and the like. is there). Specifically, alveolar bone was collected from mice, cultured in organs, and analyzed for the inhibitory effect of lutein on alveolar bone destruction (inflammatory bone resorption of alveolar bone) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 ligand. Example 6).
 次に、骨形成へのルテインの作用を検証した。すなわち、骨形成は成熟骨芽細胞の石灰化により完成されるが、成熟骨芽細胞は前骨芽細胞から分化し、前骨芽細胞は未分化間葉系幹細胞から分化する。それらの段階のいずれにもBMP等の骨形成因子が促進作用を示す。これに反して、SOST遺伝子産物であるスクレロスチンは、BMPやWnt等の骨形成シグナルを阻害し、骨形成を負に調節する(図15参照)。従って、骨形成へのルテインの作用を調べるにあたり、骨芽細胞の石灰化への影響、スクレロスチン及びBMPの発現への影響、並びに骨密度及び皮質骨の割合への影響等を解析した(実施例7~9)。 Next, the effect of lutein on bone formation was verified. That is, bone formation is completed by calcification of mature osteoblasts, but mature osteoblasts differentiate from preosteoblasts, and preosteoblasts differentiate from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Bone-forming factors such as BMP show a promoting action at any of these stages. In contrast, sclerostin, a SOST gene product, inhibits bone formation signals such as BMP and Wnt and negatively regulates bone formation (see FIG. 15). Therefore, in examining the effect of lutein on bone formation, the influence on the calcification of osteoblasts, the influence on the expression of sclerostin and BMP, the influence on the bone density and the proportion of cortical bone, etc. were analyzed (Examples). 7-9).
 実施例1:破骨細胞形成に及ぼすルテインの作用
 6週齢ddyマウスより骨髄細胞を常法により採取し、24ウェルプレートに骨髄細胞を2×10個/well及び初代骨芽細胞を1×10個/wellの細胞濃度で播種し、終濃度2ng/mLのIL-1を含む0.5mLの10%(v/v)FBS/PR(-)αMEMを用いて、5%CO-95%Air気相下、37℃にて7日間共存培養した。3日目および5日目において、0.4mlの培養液交換を行った。この培養系に、3~30μMの濃度範囲のルテインをIL-1と共に添加した。培養後、細胞は破骨細胞のマーカー酵素である酒石酸抵抗性酸性ホスファターゼ(以下、TRAP)液にて染色後、室温で乾燥させた。3核以上のTRAP陽性多核細胞を破骨細胞として計測し、破骨細胞形成数として評価した。得られた結果を図1に示す。IL-1により誘導される破骨細胞形成がルテイン添加により用量依存的に抑制され、30μMのルテイン存在下では、ほぼ完全に抑制されたことが分かった。
Example 1: Effect of lutein on osteoclast formation Bone marrow cells were collected from 6-week-old ddy mice by a conventional method, and 2 × 10 6 bone marrow cells / well and primary osteoblasts were 1 × in a 24-well plate. Seed at a cell concentration of 10 4 cells / well and using 0.5 mL of 10% (v / v) FBS / PR (−) αMEM containing IL-1 at a final concentration of 2 ng / mL, 5% CO 2 − The cells were co-cultured at 37 ° C. for 7 days in a 95% Air gas phase. On the 3rd and 5th day, 0.4 ml of the culture medium was changed. Lutein in the concentration range of 3-30 μM was added to the culture system along with IL-1. After the culture, the cells were stained with a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (hereinafter, TRAP) solution, which is an osteoclast marker enzyme, and then dried at room temperature. Three or more TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclasts and evaluated as the number of osteoclasts formed. The obtained results are shown in FIG. It was found that osteoclast formation induced by IL-1 was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of lutein, and was almost completely suppressed in the presence of 30 μM lutein.
 実施例2:骨吸収活性に及ぼすルテインの作用
 生後5日齢のddy系仔マウスより頭頂骨を採取し、24ウェルプレートを用い、1mg/mlBSA/BGJb培地(ペニシリン(50mg/L)及びストレプトマイシン(100mg/L)含有)にて37℃、24時間培養した。その後、同培地にIL-1(2ng/mL)を添加した培地及び、IL-1と共にルテインを3~30μM添加した培地を5日間培養した。培養後、培養上清中のカルシウム濃度を測定した。培養液のみの場合のカルシウム濃度を差引き、カルシウム濃度の上昇分を頭頂骨から遊出したカルシウムと判定し、骨吸収活性の指標とした。得られた結果を図2に示す。
Example 2: Effect of lutein on bone resorption activity Parietal bone was collected from 5 day old ddy pups and 1 mg / ml BSA / BGJb medium (penicillin (50 mg / L) and streptomycin ( 100 mg / L))) at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, a medium supplemented with IL-1 (2 ng / mL) and a medium supplemented with 3-30 μM lutein together with IL-1 were cultured for 5 days. After the culture, the calcium concentration in the culture supernatant was measured. The calcium concentration in the case of only the culture solution was subtracted, and the increase in the calcium concentration was determined as calcium released from the parietal bone and used as an index of bone resorption activity. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
 図2に示されるとおり、IL-1のみの存在下では培養上清のカルシムが上昇し、骨吸収活性の亢進が観察されたのに対し、ルテインを添加した場合には、IL-1により惹起される骨吸収活性が有意に抑制された。骨器官培養系における骨吸収は、破骨細胞の形成、骨マトリックス(1型コラーゲン等)の分解、破骨細胞による骨ミネラルの溶解、という複数のステップからなり、器官としての骨破壊を検出することができる。当該結果から、ルテインが、骨吸収因子による骨の破壊を改善する効果を示すことが明らかになった。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the presence of IL-1 alone, calcim in the culture supernatant increased and bone resorption activity was observed to increase, whereas when lutein was added, it was induced by IL-1. Bone resorption activity was significantly suppressed. Bone resorption in a bone organ culture system consists of multiple steps of osteoclast formation, bone matrix (such as type 1 collagen) degradation, and bone mineral dissolution by osteoclasts to detect bone destruction as an organ. be able to. From the results, it was revealed that lutein has an effect of improving bone destruction by bone resorption factor.
 実施例3:骨芽細胞のRANKL発現に及ぼすルテインの作用
 次に、ルテインの骨吸収抑制作用のメカニズムを解明するために、骨芽細胞におけるRANKL遺伝子の発現に及ぼす影響を検討した。生後1日齢の新生仔マウスの頭頂骨を酵素処理して骨芽細胞を採取し、初代培養により増殖させ、骨吸収因子IL-1の刺激により発現するRANKL遺伝子を発現をRT-PCR法により解析を行った。得られた結果を図3に示す。骨芽細胞にIL-1のみを作用させた場合には、3時間後において、RANKL遺伝子の亢進が観察された。一方、IL-1と共にルテイン(30μM)を共存添加したところ、RANKL遺伝子の発現が抑制が観測された。従って、ルテインは、骨芽細胞に作用し、破骨細胞分化に必須な因子であるRANKL遺伝子の発現を負に調節することが明らかになった。
Example 3: Effect of lutein on RANKL expression in osteoblasts Next, in order to elucidate the mechanism of lutein's inhibitory effect on bone resorption, the effect on the expression of RANKL gene in osteoblasts was examined. The parietal bones of 1-day-old newborn mice are treated with enzymes, osteoblasts are collected, proliferated by primary culture, and RANKL gene expressed by stimulation with bone resorption factor IL-1 is expressed by RT-PCR method. Analysis was performed. The obtained results are shown in FIG. When only IL-1 was allowed to act on osteoblasts, an increase in the RANKL gene was observed after 3 hours. On the other hand, when lutein (30 μM) was co-added with IL-1, suppression of RANKL gene expression was observed. Therefore, it was revealed that lutein acts on osteoblasts and negatively regulates the expression of the RANKL gene, which is an essential factor for osteoclast differentiation.
 実施例4:破骨細胞前駆細胞へのルテインの作用
 ルテインの骨吸収抑制作用のメカニズムとして、破骨細胞前駆細胞への作用について、RAW264.7細胞を用いて検討を行なった。マクロファージ系細胞株であるRAW264.7細胞は、可溶性RANKL(sRANKL)の添加により破骨細胞に分化・成熟することが知られている。RAW264.7を、0.1mLの10%(v/v)FBS/PR(-)αMEMに懸濁し、4X10個/wellの細胞濃度で播種し、5%CO-95%Air気相下、37℃にて5日間共存培養した。培養3日目に培養液を交換した。培養開始時より、ヒトsRANKL(100ng/ml)を加えて、破骨細胞に分化誘導した。実施例1と同様の手順でTRAP陽性多核細胞を破骨細胞として計測し、破骨細胞形成数として評価した。一方、sRANKLと共にルテイン(3~30μM)を共存添加したところ、sRANKLによる破骨細胞分化がルテイン添加により用量依存的に抑制され、30μMのルテイン存在下では、ほぼ完全に抑制されたことが分かった。得られた結果を図4に示す。この結果から、ルテインが破骨細胞前駆細胞に作用してRANKLの受容体であるRANKのシグナルを負に調節することを示しているものと理解できる。
Example 4 Action of Lutein on Osteoclast Progenitor Cells As a mechanism of lutein's inhibitory action on bone resorption, the action on osteoclast precursor cells was examined using RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells, which are macrophage cell lines, are known to differentiate and mature into osteoclasts upon addition of soluble RANKL (sRANKL). RAW264.7 was suspended in 0.1 mL of 10% (v / v) FBS / PR (−) αMEM, seeded at a cell concentration of 4 × 10 3 cells / well, and 5% CO 2 -95% Air in the gas phase. And co-cultured at 37 ° C. for 5 days. On the third day of culture, the culture medium was changed. Human sRANKL (100 ng / ml) was added from the beginning of the culture to induce differentiation into osteoclasts. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclasts in the same procedure as in Example 1, and evaluated as the number of osteoclasts formed. On the other hand, when lutein (3-30 μM) was co-added with sRANKL, it was found that osteoclast differentiation by sRANKL was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of lutein, and was almost completely suppressed in the presence of 30 μM lutein. . The obtained results are shown in FIG. From this result, it can be understood that lutein acts on osteoclast precursor cells to negatively regulate the signal of RANK, which is a receptor for RANKL.
 実施例5:成熟破骨細胞の生存におけるルテインの作用
 マウスより採取した大腿骨および脛骨の骨髄細胞にマクロファージコロニー刺激因子(M-CSF)を処理し、マクロファージへと分化させ、この初代マクロファージ培養系に、可溶性RANKLを添加すると破骨細胞に分化することが知られている。本実施例では、マウス骨髄細胞にM-CSFを5日間添加して得た初代マクロファージに、M-CSFと共に可溶性RANKL(sRANKL)を3日間併用添加して成熟破骨細胞に分化させた。その後、M-CSFとsRANKLと共にルテイン(30μM)を添加し、培養2日後の成熟破骨細胞数を調べて、破骨細胞の生存へのルテインの影響を検討した。その結果、図5に示すように、ルテイン添加群において、成熟破骨細胞数が有意に減少した。これは、ルテインが成熟破骨細胞に作用し、その細胞生存を阻害する、すなわちアポトーシス誘導を促すことを示している。
Example 5: Effect of lutein on survival of mature osteoclasts Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was treated with bone marrow cells of femur and tibia collected from mice to differentiate into macrophages, and this primary macrophage culture system In addition, it is known that when soluble RANKL is added, it differentiates into osteoclasts. In this Example, soluble RANKL (sRANKL) was added together with M-CSF for 3 days to primary macrophages obtained by adding M-CSF to mouse bone marrow cells for 5 days to differentiate into mature osteoclasts. Thereafter, lutein (30 μM) was added together with M-CSF and sRANKL, and the number of mature osteoclasts after 2 days of culture was examined to examine the effect of lutein on osteoclast survival. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the number of mature osteoclasts significantly decreased in the lutein added group. This indicates that lutein acts on mature osteoclasts and inhibits their cell survival, ie promotes apoptosis induction.
 比較例1:破骨細胞形成に及ぼすβ-カロテンの作用
 比較例として、ルテインと同じくカロテノイドであり、ルテインに類似した構造を有するβ-カロテンについて、破骨細胞形成に及ぼす作用を検証した。β-カロテンは、以下の構造式で表される。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000002
Comparative Example 1: Effect of β-carotene on osteoclast formation As a comparative example, β-carotene, which is a carotenoid similar to lutein and has a structure similar to lutein, was examined for its effect on osteoclast formation. β-carotene is represented by the following structural formula.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000002
 実施例1と同様の手順で、マウス骨芽細胞と骨髄細胞の共存培養系にルテインに換えてβ-カロテン(2.5~10μM)をIL-1と共に添加した結果、IL-1により誘導される破骨細胞形成はβ-カロテンにより抑制されなかった(図6a)。さらに、実施例3と同様の手順で、骨芽細胞におけるRANKL発現に及ぼすβ-カロテンの影響を検討した。骨芽細胞にIL-1のみを作用させた場合には3時間後において、RANKL遺伝子の亢進が観察され、これにIL-1と共にβ-カロテン(10μM)を共存添加した場合でも、RANKL遺伝子の発現はほとんど変化せず、ルテインの場合のような発現抑制は観測されなかった(図6b)。従って、類似の構造を有する他のカロテノイド類のうちでも、ルテインの奏する骨吸収抑制作用は選択的かつ強力であることが示唆された。 In the same procedure as in Example 1, β-carotene (2.5 to 10 μM) was added together with IL-1 instead of lutein to a co-culture system of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Osteoclast formation was not inhibited by β-carotene (FIG. 6a). Furthermore, the effect of β-carotene on RANKL expression in osteoblasts was examined by the same procedure as in Example 3. When only IL-1 was allowed to act on osteoblasts, an increase in the RANKL gene was observed after 3 hours, and even when β-carotene (10 μM) was added together with IL-1, Expression was hardly changed, and expression suppression as in the case of lutein was not observed (FIG. 6b). Therefore, among other carotenoids having a similar structure, it was suggested that the bone resorption inhibitory action exhibited by lutein is selective and powerful.
 実施例6:歯槽骨破壊に対するルテインの作用
 特許第4662043号等に記載の公知の手法に従い、歯槽骨器官培養におけるLPS誘導性骨吸収活性に及ぼすルテインの影響を検討した。歯槽骨にLPSを添加すると炎症性の歯槽骨破壊が発症する。具体的には、マウスから歯槽骨を採取して器官培養し、TLR4リガンドであるリポポリサッカライド(LPS)により惹起される歯槽骨破壊(歯槽骨の炎症性骨吸収)に対するルテインの抑制作用を解析した。LPSの濃度は1μg/mL、ルテインの濃度は3~30μMを用いた。骨吸収活性は、実施例2と同様にカルシウム濃度の差から算出した。結果を図7に示す。ルテインの添加により、骨吸収活性が有意に抑制され、LPSによる歯槽骨の破壊が有意に改善されることが明らかとなった。したがって、ルテインは歯周病への改善効果を有すると認められる。
Example 6: Effect of lutein on alveolar bone destruction According to a known technique described in Japanese Patent No. 4666043, the effect of lutein on LPS-induced bone resorption activity in alveolar bone organ culture was examined. When LPS is added to the alveolar bone, inflammatory alveolar bone destruction occurs. Specifically, we collected alveolar bone from mice, cultured it in organs, and analyzed the inhibitory effect of lutein on alveolar bone destruction (inflammatory bone resorption of alveolar bone) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 ligand did. The LPS concentration was 1 μg / mL, and the lutein concentration was 3-30 μM. The bone resorption activity was calculated from the difference in calcium concentration as in Example 2. The results are shown in FIG. It was revealed that the addition of lutein significantly suppressed bone resorption activity and significantly improved alveolar bone destruction by LPS. Therefore, it is recognized that lutein has an improving effect on periodontal disease.
 以上の実施例より、ルテインが破骨細胞の分化を抑制して骨吸収を抑制することが明らかになった。そのメカニズムとしては、図8に示すように、ルテインが骨芽細胞に作用してRANKL遺伝子の発現を負に制御すること、一方、破骨細胞前駆細胞に作用してRANKLの受容体であるRANKのシグナルを負に調節することが示唆された。さらに、成熟破骨細胞の生存を阻害することが明らかとなった。従って、ルテインは、骨粗鬆症や歯周病のように、骨破壊を主因とする疾患に対して、予防・改善効果を発揮することが実証された。 From the above examples, it was revealed that lutein suppresses osteoclast differentiation and suppresses bone resorption. As shown in FIG. 8, as shown in FIG. 8, lutein acts on osteoblasts to negatively control the expression of the RANKL gene, while it acts on osteoclast precursor cells and acts as a receptor for RANKL, RANK. It was suggested to negatively regulate the signal. Furthermore, it was found to inhibit the survival of mature osteoclasts. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that lutein exerts a preventive / ameliorating effect on diseases mainly caused by bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease.
 実施例7:骨芽細胞の石灰化に及ぼすルテインの作用
 ルテインによる骨形成への影響を初代骨芽細胞培養系において評価した。実験は、新生仔マウスの頭頂骨を酵素処理することにより骨芽細胞を採取し、初代培養により骨芽細胞を得て実施した。培養系に24ウェルプレートの5×10個/wellの細胞濃度で骨芽細胞を播種し、10%FBS/αMEMにAA(アスコルビン酸)50μg/mL、β-GP(ベータグリセロリン酸)10mM、DEX(デキサメサゾン)10-8M)を添加し、5%CO-95%Air気相下、37℃にて2週間培養した。ルテインは3~30μMの濃度範囲において添加した。処理後14日目にアルカリフォスファターゼ(ALP)染色およびアリザリン染色(カルシウム沈着の検出)を行った。骨芽細胞の石灰化に及ぼすルテインの作用は、アリザリン染色による骨結節形成により評価した。骨結節形成された石灰化エリアは画像解析により定量した。
アリザリンレッド染色による骨形成評価の結果、骨芽細胞においてルテインの添加により石灰化結節の形成が顕著に上昇した(図9)。また、石灰化エリアを画像解析により定量したところ、ルテインは、用量依存的に石灰化エリアを上昇させていた(図10)。従って、ルテインは、骨形成を増強することが明らかとなった。
Example 7: Effect of lutein on osteoblast mineralization The effect of lutein on bone formation was evaluated in a primary osteoblast culture system. The experiment was performed by collecting osteoblasts by enzymatic treatment of the parietal bones of newborn mice and obtaining osteoblasts by primary culture. The culture system was seeded with osteoblasts at a cell concentration of 5 × 10 4 cells / well in a 24-well plate, AA (ascorbic acid) 50 μg / mL, β-GP (betaglycerophosphate) 10 mM in 10% FBS / αMEM, DEX (dexamethasone) 10 −8 M) was added, and the mixture was cultured at 37 ° C. for 2 weeks in a gas phase of 5% CO 2 -95% Air. Lutein was added in a concentration range of 3-30 μM. On day 14 after the treatment, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin staining (calcium deposition detection) were performed. The effect of lutein on osteoblast mineralization was evaluated by bone nodule formation by alizarin staining. The calcified areas where bone nodules were formed were quantified by image analysis.
As a result of the evaluation of bone formation by alizarin red staining, the formation of calcified nodules was significantly increased by the addition of lutein in osteoblasts (FIG. 9). Further, when the calcified area was quantified by image analysis, lutein increased the calcified area in a dose-dependent manner (FIG. 10). Thus, lutein has been shown to enhance bone formation.
 実施例8:スクレロスチン及びBMPの発現に及ぼすルテインの作用
 BMPは未分化間葉系幹細胞からの骨芽細胞への分化を促進し、結果的に骨形成を高めるサイトカインとして見出されている。一方、スクレロスチン(SOST)は主として骨細胞から産生され、骨組織でWntやBMPのシグナルを阻害することにより骨減少を誘導するタンパクである(図15)。そこで、ルテインの骨形成促進作用における作用機構を明らかにするため、骨芽細胞の分化と骨形成に関連する各種遺伝子の発現について、RT-PCR法により検討した。実験は、24ウェルプレートに初代骨芽細胞を5×10個/wellの細胞濃度で、10%FBS/αMEM/PSにて播種し、37℃、5%CO-95%Air気相下で対照群およびルテイン存在下、AA,β-GP,DEXを実施例7と同様の濃度で添加し、14日間培養することで実施した。培養後に細胞からフェノール抽出法によりRNAを回収し、遺伝子解析を行った。抽出したRNAにランダムプライマー、逆転写酵素を添加した後、熱処理により反応させcDNAを得た。RT反応により得たcDNAを鋳型としてPCR用buffer、dATP,dGTP,dCTP,dTTP混合液、各種センスプライマーおよびアンチセンスプライマーを加え、taqDNAポリメラーゼにて反応させ、反応終了後、PCR産物はアガロースゲルにて電気泳動を行い、エチジウムブロマイド染色にて解析した。RT-PCR法は”J Immunol.2006,177:1879-85.”に記載の方法に準じた方法により実施した。その結果、石灰化誘導条件下、培養2週間において、BMP2のmRNA発現が上昇し、ルテインによりBMP2発現が増強することを見出した(図11左)。この変化は培養1週間では認められなかった。また、石灰化誘導条件下、上昇したSOSTの発現がルテインにより減少することが明らかとなった(図11右)。従って、ルテインは成熟・石灰化期において、BMP2の発現を上昇すると共に、BMP2のシグナル阻害を減弱することで骨形成を増強すると考えられた。
Example 8 Effect of Lutein on Expression of Sclerostin and BMP BMP has been found as a cytokine that promotes differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and consequently enhances bone formation. On the other hand, sclerostin ( SOST ) is a protein that is mainly produced from bone cells and induces bone loss by inhibiting Wnt and BMP signals in bone tissue (FIG. 15). Thus, in order to clarify the mechanism of action of lutein in promoting osteogenesis, the RT-PCR method was used to examine osteoblast differentiation and the expression of various genes related to osteogenesis. In the experiment, primary osteoblasts were seeded in a 24-well plate at a cell concentration of 5 × 10 4 cells / well at 10% FBS / αMEM / PS, and at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 -95% Air gas phase. In the presence of the control group and lutein, AA, β-GP, DEX was added at the same concentration as in Example 7 and cultured for 14 days. After culturing, RNA was collected from the cells by phenol extraction, and gene analysis was performed. A random primer and reverse transcriptase were added to the extracted RNA, and then reacted by heat treatment to obtain cDNA. Add PCR buffer, dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP mixed solution, various sense primers and antisense primers using the cDNA obtained by RT reaction as a template, and react with taq DNA polymerase. Electrophoresis was performed and analysis was performed by ethidium bromide staining. The RT-PCR method was performed by a method according to the method described in “J Immunol. 2006, 177: 1879-85.”. As a result, it was found that the mRNA expression of BMP2 increased and the BMP2 expression was enhanced by lutein in 2 weeks of culture under the calcification-inducing conditions (FIG. 11 left). This change was not observed in 1 week of culture. In addition, it was revealed that the increased SOST expression was decreased by lutein under the calcification-inducing conditions (right in FIG. 11). Therefore, lutein was thought to enhance bone formation by increasing BMP2 expression and attenuating signal inhibition of BMP2 during maturation and calcification.
 実施例9:骨密度及び皮質骨の割合に及ぼすルテインの作用
 ルテイン粉末を餌に混ぜてルテイン含有餌を作成し、In vivoにおける骨形成に対する効果を検討した。成長期の雄性マウスに対してルテインを添加した粉末飼料を4週間摂取させ、その後、マウスより大腿骨を採取し、DEXAおよび3D-μCTを用いて骨組織の解析を行なった。その結果、DEXAによる大腿骨の骨密度測定では、ルテイン摂取群において総骨密度が増加した(図12)。さらに、3D-μCTによる大腿骨遠位部および骨幹皮質骨の解析を行った。得られたCTデータについて、3次元画像解析ソフトにより、大腿骨の遠位部海綿骨および骨幹部皮質骨の画像解析と骨定量を行った。その結果、ルテイン群において、海綿骨量であるBV/TV(図13)および皮質骨の割合であるCv/Av(図14)が増加した。これらDEXA及び3D-μCTは”J Pharmacol Sci. 2011, 115:89-93.”に記載の方法に準じて解析を行った。以上の結果より、In vitroIn vivo実験においてルテインは骨形成を促進することが示唆され、骨粗鬆症などの骨疾患の予防や治療に有効であることが示された。
Example 9 Action of Lutein on Bone Density and Cortical Bone Ratio Lutein powder was mixed with bait to prepare a lutein-containing bait, and the effect on bone formation in vivo was examined. Growing male mice were fed a powdered diet supplemented with lutein for 4 weeks, after which femurs were collected from the mice and analyzed for bone tissue using DEXA and 3D-μCT. As a result, in the bone density measurement of the femur by DEXA, the total bone density increased in the lutein intake group (FIG. 12). In addition, the distal femur and diaphyseal cortical bone were analyzed by 3D-μCT. The obtained CT data was subjected to image analysis and bone quantification of the distal cancellous bone and diaphyseal cortical bone of the femur using three-dimensional image analysis software. As a result, in the lutein group, BV / TV (FIG. 13) as the amount of cancellous bone and Cv / Av (FIG. 14) as the ratio of cortical bone increased. These DEXA and 3D-μCT were analyzed according to the method described in “J Pharmacol Sci. 2011, 115: 89-93.”. From the above results, it was suggested in the in vitro and in vivo experiments that lutein promotes bone formation, and it was demonstrated that it is effective for the prevention and treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

Claims (11)

  1. ルテイン及び医薬として許容される担体を含む、骨疾患の予防又は治療用組成物。 A composition for preventing or treating bone diseases, comprising lutein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  2. 前記骨疾患が、骨破壊を伴う疾患である、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is a disease accompanied by bone destruction.
  3. 前記骨疾患が、骨粗鬆症、歯周病、骨軟化症、関節リウマチによる骨破壊、又はがんの骨転移による骨破壊である、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomalacia, bone destruction by rheumatoid arthritis, or bone destruction by cancer bone metastasis.
  4. 前記骨疾患が、患者の骨吸収を抑制することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing bone resorption of a patient.
  5. 前記骨疾患が、患者における破骨細胞分化誘導因子(RANKL)の発現を抑制することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing the expression of osteoclast differentiation inducing factor (RANKL) in a patient.
  6. 前記骨疾患が、患者における破骨細胞の分化を抑制することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in a patient.
  7. 前記骨疾患が、患者における成熟破骨細胞のアポトーシスを誘導することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition of claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by inducing apoptosis of mature osteoclasts in the patient.
  8. 前記骨疾患が、患者の骨形成を増強することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing bone formation in a patient.
  9. 前記骨疾患が、患者におけるスクレロスチンの発現を減少することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by reducing the expression of sclerostin in a patient.
  10. 前記骨疾患が、患者における骨形成促進タンパク(BMP)の発現を増強することで予防又は治療される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bone disease is prevented or treated by enhancing the expression of a bone formation-promoting protein (BMP) in a patient.
  11. 患者の皮質骨の割合を増加させるための、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition of claim 1 for increasing the proportion of cortical bone in a patient.
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JP2002051732A (en) * 2000-06-12 2002-02-19 Access Business Group Llc Composition and method for correcting deficiency disease of vegetable chemical substance by diet
JP2004035550A (en) * 2002-05-07 2004-02-05 Access Business Group Internatl Llc Nutrition supplement of plant nutrient
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JP2002051732A (en) * 2000-06-12 2002-02-19 Access Business Group Llc Composition and method for correcting deficiency disease of vegetable chemical substance by diet
JP2004035550A (en) * 2002-05-07 2004-02-05 Access Business Group Internatl Llc Nutrition supplement of plant nutrient
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