WO2014166724A1 - Optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines optoelektronischen bauelements - Google Patents
Optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines optoelektronischen bauelements Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014166724A1 WO2014166724A1 PCT/EP2014/055857 EP2014055857W WO2014166724A1 WO 2014166724 A1 WO2014166724 A1 WO 2014166724A1 EP 2014055857 W EP2014055857 W EP 2014055857W WO 2014166724 A1 WO2014166724 A1 WO 2014166724A1
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- doped
- semiconductor layer
- region
- optoelectronic component
- dopant
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- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 249
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 293
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 41
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1S(=O)CC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100346656 Drosophila melanogaster strat gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawrencium atom Chemical compound [Lr] CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/0004—Devices characterised by their operation
- H01L33/0008—Devices characterised by their operation having p-n or hi-lo junctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/14—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a carrier transport control structure, e.g. highly-doped semiconductor layer or current-blocking structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/15—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/38—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
- H01L33/382—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape the electrode extending partially in or entirely through the semiconductor body
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optoelectronic component.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing an optoelectronic component. Even small electrostatic discharge can damage optoelekt ⁇ tronic components permanently.
- Such an optoelectronic component may, for example, be an indium-gallium-nitride chip. Thus, there is a need for measures to protect against such electrostatic discharges.
- the object on which the invention is based can be regarded as providing an optoelectronic component which is better protected against damage caused by electrostatic discharges.
- the object underlying the invention can also be seen in providing a corresponding method for producing an optoelectronic component.
- an optoelectronic component will be ⁇ riding provided, comprising: a support on which a half ⁇ semiconductor layer sequence is applied which includes an n-doped and p-doped semiconductor layer, so that a pn junction is formed of an active Zone for generating electromagnetic radiation, wherein at least one of the n-doped and the p-type semiconductor layer comprises a comprises doped region having a first doping concentration that is greater than a second Dotismeskonzentra ⁇ tion in a vicinity of the region in the semiconductor layer comprising the area.
- a method for producing an optoelectronic component where in a support, a semiconductor layer sequence is placed ⁇ introduced ⁇ comprising an n-doped and a p-doped semi-conductor layer, so that a pn junction is formed comprising an active region for generating electromagnetic ⁇ shear radiation, wherein a portion of at least one of the n-doped and p-doped semiconductor layer is provided with a dopant so that the region is doped with egg ner first doping concentration, is greater than a second doping concentration in an environment of the region in the semiconductor layer including the region.
- a region of the semiconductor layer sequence comprising at least one of the n-doped and the p-doped semiconductor layers is provided with the dopant.
- the support may be formed as a growth substrate, which may also be referred to generally as a substrate.
- a growth substrate the then especially the individual layers of the semiconductor layer sequence, ie in particular the n- and p-doped semiconductor layer deposited or grown.
- the Dotie ⁇ ren the range can then be carried out in particular during the wake-up sens of the semiconductor layers.
- Insbesonde ⁇ re doping of the region may alternatively or additionally be performed after the growth of semiconductor layers. This is especially true if the semiconductor layer sequence is still arranged on the growth substrate.
- the growth substrate may for example comprise sapphire or be formed from sapphire.
- a carrier substrate is arranged on the surface of the semiconductor layer sequence, wherein the surface is formed facing away from the growth substrate.
- the growth substrate and the carrier substrate are thus in particular opposite each other, wherein the semiconductor layer sequence is provided or formed or arranged between the growth substrate and the carrier substrate.
- the area is doped accordingly.
- the Trä ⁇ gersubstrat may be formed, in particular germanium or silicon umfas ⁇ sen or of germanium or silicon.
- the doping of the region or of the regions comprises in particular the case that the region or the regions during the growth or formation of the semiconductors ⁇ stratification is doped accordingly respectively.
- the case is encompassed that the area or the areas subsequently be doped accordingly, ie after the growth or after the formation of the semiconductor layer sequence, respectively, respectively, for example by means of a sputtering process.
- the doping of the region is preferably carried out if a growth substrate is provided as the carrier.
- the doping of the area alternatively or additionally, for example, is carried out when a carrier substrate is provided as a carrier.
- statements relating to one area also apply to several areas and vice versa.
- the invention thus encompasses the idea of providing at least one of the two doped semiconductor layers with a region which has a higher doping or doping concentration than the semiconductor layer which comprises this region.
- the doped semiconductor layer is not homogeneously doped, but rather has a heterogeneous doping or a heterogeneous doping concentration.
- Different areas of do ⁇ oriented semiconductor layer are therefore particularly endowed different.
- the semiconductor layer has a plurality of such preparation ⁇ che, modulated also by a doping or a modulation in the doping can be spoken. That means in particular that these areas affecting such a mo ⁇ lated doping.
- the area surrounding the area thus has, in particular, a higher or higher breakdown voltage in the reverse direction. It is particularly possible that the device a
- the Lateral directions are those directions that are parallel to a main extension plane, for example, the n-doped semiconductor layer. Between adjacent doped regions, regions with the second doping concentration can then be present in each case. The regions of high dopant concentration and low dopant concentration can therefore alternate in the lateral direction. This modulation of the dopant concentration also modulates the breakdown voltage in the lateral direction.
- a forward direction or the forward direction of the pn junction is defined as follows: On the n-doped semi-conductor layer ⁇ a negative pole of a voltage source is applied or arranged. At the p-doped semiconductor layer, a positive pole of the voltage source is arranged or applied. The electrical current flows from the p-doped semiconductor layer in the direction of the n-doped semiconductor layer. This is usually the case during operation of the device when the device generates electromagnetic radiation.
- a reverse direction or the reverse direction to the pn junction is defined as follows: On the n-doped semi-conductor layer ⁇ the positive pole of the voltage source is applied. The negative pole of the voltage source is applied to the p-doped semiconductor layer. It flows only due to the minority charge carriers generated an electrical reverse current.
- the proposed internal protection element that is the doped region with the first doping concentration, also does not reduce a brightness of emitted electromagnetic radiation ⁇ shear, so that no loss of efficiency due to the provision of the internal protection element occurs. It is thus an ESD protection causes, without causing a loss of efficiency.
- Embodiments provided on the n-doped semiconductor layer relate to apply corresponding ⁇ the embodiments for the p-doped semiconductor layer and vice versa. If embodiments relate only to one doped region, then the corresponding embodiments also apply to a plurality of doped regions and vice versa.
- doping according to the present invention includes the case that the dopant is introduced into the semiconductor ⁇ layer.
- doping may also include the case that a doping layer comprising the dopant is formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer.
- the formation of the doped region can be carried out in particular when doping a semiconductor layer in order to form the n-doped or p-doped semiconductor layer.
- a plurality of doped regions are provided. These doped regions may for example, equal to or be formed in particular ⁇ Lich difference. Nevertheless, these doped regions, even though they may be formed differently, so in particular, different doping concentrations aufwei ⁇ sen always a higher doping concentration than directly adjacent respective immediate surrounding area of the respective zone, so insbeson ⁇ particular to this doped region in the doped semiconductor layer. There may be several doped regions may be provided in the n-doped semi-conductor layer ⁇ particular. It can preferably several doped regions in the p-doped semiconductor layer be ⁇ see.
- the region extend laterally with respect to a growth direction of the semiconductor layers onto a growth substrate. This means, in particular, that a lateral extent of the area in relation to the growth direction is greater than a transverse extent.
- the doped region has in particular a rectangular shape. Preferably, the doped region on ei ⁇ ne parallelepiped shape. An edge length of the cuboid or the rectangle may be in particular 3 ym.
- the region is n-doped and the second doping concentration is the doping concentration of the n-doped semiconductor layer.
- dopants or dopants for n-doping the following dopants may be provided according to one embodiment: silicon (Si). This therefore means in particular that the n-doped region and / or the n-doped semiconductor layer are doped with the aforementioned dopant.
- silicon Si
- Dotand may also be referred to as n-dopant.
- a doping concentration based on n-dopants can also be referred to as n-doping concentration in particular.
- other n-dopants known to the person skilled in the art may be provided, for example germanium (Ge) and / or selenium (Se) and / or oxygen (0) and / or sulfur (S) and / or tellurium (Te ).
- the region is p-doped and the second doping concentration is the doping concentration of the p-doped semiconductor layer.
- the statements made in connection with the n-doped region and the n-doped semiconductor layer apply analogous to the p-doped region and the p-doped semiconductor ⁇ conductor layer and vice versa.
- the following dopants can be used as dopants for a p-type doping: magnesium (Mg) and / or carbon (C). That means in particular that the p-doped region and / or the p-doped semiconductor layer with one or at ⁇ the aforementioned dopants that can be specifically referred to as p- dopants may be doped.
- a doping concentration relative to p-dopants can also be referred to as p-doping concentration in particular.
- both the n-doped semiconductor layer has an n-doped region with a first n-doping concentration which is higher than a second n-doping concentration in an environment of the n-doped region in the n-doped region.
- the n-doped semiconductor layer comprises a plurality of n-doped regions of the first n-dopant concentrations and preferably having the p-type semiconductor layer a plurality of p-doped Be ⁇ rich with first p-type doping concentrations.
- the respective first n-doping concentrations and / or the respective first p-doping concentrations may preferably be the same or different. Nevertheless, these are always higher than the second n-type doping concentration and second p-type doping concentration, respectively.
- provision may be made for the region to extend up to the pn junction and to form it in particular in a contacting manner.
- an internal Zener diode is formed as it were in the semiconductor layer sequence, which can provide protection against damage due to electrostatic discharges analogously to external Zener diodes.
- the region is formed by the p-n junction and connecting the two doped semiconductor layers.
- the doped region extends from the one doped semiconductor layer through the p-n junction into the other doped semiconductor layer.
- an internal Zener diode is formed in an advantageous manner. Due to the direct connection between the two doped semiconductor layers, an improved contacting and even a reduced breakdown voltage are effected, so that an even greater protection against damage by electrostatic discharges can be effected in an advantageous manner.
- the region is formed adjacent to a defect formed in the semiconductor layer comprising the region. That means in particular that the n-doped semiconductors ⁇ layer and / or the p-type semiconductor layer each have ei ⁇ NEN defect, wherein adjacent to this defect, the doped region is formed. Adjacent includes the case insbesonde ⁇ re that the doped region in direct contact-is related to the defect. This means in particular that, for example, no further layers are formed between the defect and the region. It can be provided that the region is formed indirectly adjacent to the defect. This means in particular that, for example, one or more layers are provided between the defect and the region.
- a plurality of defects may be formed, that is to say in particular a plurality of defects in the n-doped semiconductor layer and / or preferably in the p-doped semiconductor layer.
- the defects are in particular the same or preferably formed differently.
- the defect may be a V-pit.
- a V-pit can be formed for example by special growth conditions.
- a V-pit designates in particular a crystal defect , in particular an opened hexagonal crystal defect, which can preferably occur at dislocations, wherein the V-pit can generally have the shape of a "V" in a cross-sectional view in that such defects in the direction of growth with respect to a direction of growth of the semiconductor layers on a growth substrate become ever larger, in particular become larger and larger until mutual collision, and thus can be seen in cross-section as "V".
- the defect is an epi-tube.
- An epi-tube designates ins ⁇ particular a very thin crystal defect, in particular, such a crystal defect has a diameter of ⁇ 1 ym.
- a diameter can be a few nanometers, in particular ⁇ 0.1 nanometer. The diameter can therefore be in particular between 0.1 nanometers and 1 ym.
- Such thin crystal defects can in particular be pulled or run vertically through wide zones or even through further layers of the semiconductor layer sequence.
- Such epi-tubes have a constant diameter, especially in the growth direction.
- Such crystal defects can in particular Dislocations are formed or arise from such dislocations and may be hollow, for example.
- Such defects as, for example, a V-pit or an epi-tube may inherently exhibit zener diode behavior, and thus have a reduced breakdown voltage relative to the regions surrounding the defects.
- This intrinsic Zener diode behavior has such defects, especially when the defect is both p-doped and n-doped. This means, in particular, that such a defect can be formed within the active zone.
- an existing diodes ⁇ behavior or an existing Zenerdioden is reinforced in an advantageous manner, which may thus result in an advantageous way to an even lower breakdown voltage, thus in turn an even better protection against damage caused by electrostatic discharges.
- the existing ESD protection by such defects is thus further enhanced in an advantageous manner.
- a defect in the sense of the present invention may in particular be in an n-doped semiconductor layer or a p-doped semiconductor layer or in an undoped semiconductor layer or in a p- and n-doped semiconductor layer, for example in the active zone for generating electromagnetic radiation. be formed or arise. In this more defects can be formed preferably in each case be ⁇ arbitrarily in one of the aforementioned ways or formed.
- the region is formed adjacent to a via formed in the semiconductor layer comprising the region.
- a via denotes a recess or a recess or a cavity in the semiconductor layer sequence. This means, in particular, that such a via in its aftermath has a doped region with an increased doping concentration.
- Neighboring includes in particular an immediate neighborhood. This means in particular that, for example, no further layers are formed between the via and the doped region. So the Be doped ⁇ rich is in particular in direct or in direct contact with the Via.
- an indirect neighborhood may be provided. This means, in particular, that the doped region can be arranged indirectly adjacent to the via. So indirectly adjacent referred the case to the ⁇ special that may be provided, one or more layers or semiconductor layers between doped region and the Via.
- the via is partially or completely filled with a dopant or is.
- the via can be formed as a trench, in particular as a mesa trench.
- the opposing walls of the trench may be provided with a dopant.
- the region is formed on an outer surface of the semiconductor layer comprising the region remote from the semiconductor layer sequence.
- a doped semiconductor layer can be applied to such an outer surface, which then forms this doped region.
- the doped semiconductor layer comprises the doped region
- the doped region is applied to an outer surface of the semiconductor layer
- the formulation includes in particular the Case in which the doped region is formed directly in the doped semiconductor layer.
- outer surface can be an edge or in particular to a mesa edge of the half ⁇ semiconductor layer sequence, for example.
- the doped region has an area of at least 25 ⁇ m 2 .
- the region may have a length of at least 5 ym and a width of at least 5 ym.
- the area can have an area of at least 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
- a defect is formed in at least one of the doped semiconductor layers, which defect is provided with the dopant, so that the doped region is formed adjacent to the defect.
- a via is formed in at least one of the doped semiconductor layer into which the dopant is introduced may be provided, so ⁇ that the doped region is formed adjacent to the via.
- At least one exposed, thus in particular an uncovered or non-covered, surface of the semiconductor layer sequence with a protective layer against a doping with the dopant shipping ⁇ hen is can be provided.
- Doping the p-doped semiconductor layer in providing an n-doped dopant for an n-doped region not damaged In particular, damage to an n-doping of the n-doped semiconductor layer can thus be avoided if the dopant is a p-dopant.
- the support may be formed as a substrate, in particular as a growth substrate.
- the semiconductor layer sequence also comprises further layers such as, for example, mirror layers, contacting layers or antireflection layers.
- FIG. 1 shows an optoelectronic component
- FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method for producing an optoelectronic component
- FIG. 3 shows a further optoelectronic component
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show another optoelectronic component at different points in time of manufacture
- FIGS. 14 to 18 show yet another optoelectronic component at different points in time of a production
- FIGS. 20 to 22 show yet another optoelectronic component at different points in time of a production
- FIG. 23 shows a further optoelectronic component.
- FIG. 1 shows an optoelectronic component 101.
- the optoelectronic component 101 comprises a carrier 103, which may be formed, for example, as a substrate, in particular as a growth substrate.
- a semiconductor layer sequence 105 is applied on the carrier 103.
- the semi-conductor layer sequence 105 comprises a p-doped semiconductor ⁇ layer 107 and an n-doped semiconductor layer 109.
- Zvi ⁇ rule of the n-type semiconductor layer 109 and the p doped semiconductor layer 107 a pn junction 111 is formed, which comprises an active zone 113 for generating electromagnetic radiation ⁇ .
- the individual semiconductor layers of the semiconductor layer sequence are applied to this seen in fol ⁇ gender order from the support 103 from 105: the p-doped semiconductor layer 107, the pn junction 111 and the n-doped semiconductor layer 109th
- the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 provision can be made for the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 to be applied first from the carrier 103.
- the semiconductor layer sequence 105 has further ⁇ re layers, in particular further semiconductor layers, such as mirror layers and / or Mulltechniks- layers for contacting the n- and the p-doped semiconductor layer.
- the n-doped semiconductor layer comprises egg ⁇ NEN doped region 115 which is formed in the n-doped semiconductor layer 109th
- the doped region 115 has a first doping concentration that is greater than a second doping concentration in an environment of the region 115, wherein the second doping concentration corresponds to the doping concentration of the n-doped semiconductor layer 109.
- This therefore means in particular that a higher concentration of n-dopants is provided in the doped region 115 in comparison to the n-doped semiconductor layer 109.
- the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 comprises a further doped region 117, which is provided with a third doping concentration, which is likewise greater than the second doping concentration.
- the Re doped region 117 up to the pn junction 111 zoom, so that advantageously an internal diode, in particular ⁇ re Zener diode, is formed in this area.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 109 still comprises egg ⁇ NEN further doped region 119 having a fourth doping concentration, which is also greater than the second doping concentration.
- this n-doped region 119 extends from the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 through the pn junction 111 comprising the active zone 113 into the p-doped semiconductor layer 107, so that the further n-doped region 119 interconnects the two doped semiconductor layers 107 and 109 combines.
- a breakdown voltage at these regions in the reverse direction is advantageously reduced, so that potential electrostatic discharges can advantageously flow away rapidly over these regions. This advantageously provides protection against damage due to electrostatic discharges.
- a plurality of such doped regions may each be formed by the doped regions 115, 117, 119.
- only one type of these areas 115, 117, 119 is provided, so in particular ⁇ sondere only areas 115 or only areas 117 or only Be ⁇ rich 119th
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for producing an optoelectronic component.
- a semiconductor layer sequence is applied to a carrier, in particular to a substrate, for example to a growth substrate.
- the semiconductor ⁇ layer sequence comprises an n-doped and p-doped semiconductor layer. This therefore means in particular that, according to step 201, an n-doped and a p-doped semiconductor layer are applied to the carrier.
- the application of the n- and the p-doped semiconductor layer forms a p-n junction which comprises an active zone for generating electromagnetic radiation.
- a region of the at least one of the n-doped and the p-doped semiconductor layer is provided with a dopant, so that the region is doped with a first doping concentration that is greater than a second doping concentration in an environment of the region in which Area comprehensive semiconductor layer.
- the n-doped semiconductor layer is provided with an n-dopant, so that one or more regions with a time increment ⁇ th n-doping form.
- the statements in connection with an n-doped semiconductor layer comprising an n-doped region with a higher or higher doping concentration apply analogously to the p-doped semiconductor layer, which can be doped with a p-dopant, so that in the p doped semiconductor layer, an area or more areas with a higher or larger Can form doping concentration as the p-doped semiconductor layer.
- FIG. 3 shows a further optoelectronic component 301.
- the optoelectronic device 301 includes a semiconductor layer sequence ⁇ 105 with a p-type semiconductor layer 107 and an n-doped semiconductor layer 109.
- a semiconductor layer sequence ⁇ 105 with a p-type semiconductor layer 107 and an n-doped semiconductor layer 109 For clarity, no carrier for the optoelectronic component 301 is located.
- Such a support can ⁇ example, on the side of the p-type semiconductor layer 107 of the o- be seen on the side of the n-type semiconductor layer 109 before ⁇ . For clarity, also not ⁇ draws the pn junction comprising the active zone.
- the optoelectronic device 301 includes three doped Be ⁇ rich 117, which are formed in the n-type semiconductor layer 109, said doped regions 117 are n-doped and a larger doping concentration have, as the n-type semiconductor layer 109.
- These doped preparation ⁇ che 117 extend laterally in the n-type semiconductor layer 109 and contact the p-type semiconductor layer 109. Owing to the provision of such doped regions 117 are quasi internal diodes in the semiconductor layer sequence forms ge ⁇ 105th This is symbolic by means of the corresponding
- the reference numeral 305 have on ⁇ , here specifically a diode switching.
- a switching symbol is provided with the reference numeral 303, which is likewise a diode switching symbol.
- This Dio ⁇ denschalt Lake 303 is provided between the n-type semiconductor layer 109 and the p-doped semiconductor layer is characterized ⁇ 107 where no doped region is provided 117th
- the diode switch 303 is drawn larger than the Dio ⁇ denschalt Lake 305. This is because here is a larger Breakdown voltage must be applied before it comes to a breakthrough.
- This different breakdown behavior of the two diodes 303 and 305 is shown in a graph in FIG.
- the current I is plotted against the voltage U.
- the characteristic curve for the diode 305 has the reference numeral 307.
- the characteristic curve for the diode 303 has the reference numeral 309. It can be seen that the regions which have an increased n-type doping, that is to say the regions 117, have a lower breakdown voltage.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show a further optoelectronic component 401 at different points in time of a production.
- the semiconductor layer sequence 105 is shown comprising the n-type semiconductor layer 109 and the p-doped semi-conductor layer ⁇ 107th Furthermore, already in the semiconductor layer sequence 105 has a recess 403, also as
- the Via 403 may have been, for example, ge ⁇ etched.
- the via 403 passes through the p-type semiconductor layer 107 and the n-type semiconductor layer 109.
- an n-dopant is then introduced, which is shown in FIG. 5 by way of example or symbolically with an arrow with the reference numeral 501.
- regions which are formed adjacent to the via 403 in the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 are provided with a higher n-doping.
- UNMIT ⁇ telbar extend adjacent to the Via 403rd
- the optoelectronic component 401 has exposed outer surfaces of the semiconductor layer sequence 105, which can also be referred to as an edge, in particular as a mesa edge 405.
- An n-dopant can likewise be introduced into the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 at these exposed outer surfaces, in particular this mesa edge 405, so that n-doped regions 117 also form in these regions of the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 a greater doping concentration than have the n-type semiconductor layer 109.
- the application of the n-dopant can in particular cause on the outer surfaces of an n-doping layer bil ⁇ det, which then forms the doped region. The same applies to p-dopants.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show an optoelectronic device 401 that an increased n-type doping in the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 is provided having with areas, it may for example be provided that entspre ⁇ sponding areas with an increased p-type doping in the p-doped semiconductor layer 107 may be provided in addition to or instead of the n-doped regions 117 of the n-doped semiconductor layer 109.
- FIGS. 6 to 9 show another optoelectronic component 601 at different times of manufacture.
- FIG. 6 shows the optoelectronic component 601 comprising a carrier 103, which may be formed, for example, as a substrate, in particular as a growth substrate.
- a carrier 103 which may be formed, for example, as a substrate, in particular as a growth substrate.
- an n-doped semiconductor layer wherein the n-doped semiconductor layer has a defect, in this case a V-pit 603.
- Such a V-pit 603 draws a ⁇ be in a growth direction 605, indicated here by an arrow with the corresponding reference numerals open hexagonal crystal defect.
- Such defects will in the growth direction 605 larger and are thus recognizable in cross section as "V".
- V-pit 603 For the sake of clarity, a three-dimensional view of the V-pit 603 is also shown in FIG. 6. This means, in particular, that the semiconductor layer 109 has a crystal defect which is V-shaped in cross-section. In a not-shown embodiment, it may be provided that a plurality of such V-pits 603 may be formed, which may in particular be the same or, for example, differently formed.
- an n-dopant can be introduced into the V-pit 603, so that, as FIG. 7 shows, an n-doped region 117 is formed in the V-pit 603 and is deposited on the n-doped semiconductor layer 109.
- the n-type semiconductor layer has a region which is provided with a time increment ⁇ th n-type doping compared to the doping concentration of the semiconductor layer 109.
- the filling of the V-pits 603 can cause particular, that the n-dopant into the penetrates n-doped semiconductor layer 109 or eindiffun ⁇ diert and 109 forms entspre ⁇ accordingly highly doped regions in the n-doped semiconductor layer. The same applies to p-dopants.
- the V-pit 603 is only partially filled with the n-dopant. In an embodiment, not shown, it may be provided that the V-pit 603 is completely or completely filled with an n-dopant.
- the optoelectronic component 601 is shown at a subsequent time with reference to FIG. 7 in a corresponding production method. That means in particular that the V-pit 603 is at least partially, in particular completely filled with an n-type dopant, and then the thus formed layers, ie conductor layer, the n-doped semi- ⁇ 109 with the at least partially filled V-Pit 603, a p-doped semiconductor layer 107 is applied, in particular grown in the growth direction 605.
- the zone comprising the n-doped region 117 has a reduced reverse breakdown voltage, so that an outflow of electrical charges is made possible, so that the optoelectronic device 601 against Damage caused by electrostatic charges may be protected.
- Figure 9 shows a possible variant for the optoelectronic see device 601.
- the V-pit 603 is filled similarly to the fi gures ⁇ 7 and 8 to the n-dopant at least partially.
- a layer of this n-dopant is applied to the exposed surfaces of the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 outside the V-pit 603.
- a layer thickness of this n-doping layer in the V-pit 603 is greater or thicker than in the region outside the V-pit 603 on the exposed surfaces which run parallel to the carrier 103.
- the layer thickness in the V-pit 603 of the n-dopant is drawn.
- the thinner layer thickness of the n-dopant outside the V-pit is drawn.
- the p-doped semiconductor layer 107 can then be applied, in particular grown, to the layer structure according to FIG.
- the statements made in connection with FIGS. 6 to 9 apply analogously to p-doped semiconductor layers which have one or more V-pits.
- the n-doped and p-doped semiconductor layer each have one or meh ⁇ eral V-pits which are doped appropriately.
- Figures 10 to 13 show still another optoelectronic component MOORISH 1,001 respectively in 1101 at different time points ⁇ manufacturing.
- 10 shows an optoelectronic component 1001, wherein the n-type semiconductor layer 109 was grown up from the carrier 103 of die ⁇ hen first on the carrier 103rd
- the carrier 103 may be referred to as the growth substrate or as a substrate in particular, since the single ⁇ NEN semiconductor layers are grown on the carrier 103rd
- Figure 11 shows a further optoelectronic device 1101 wherein the p-doped semiconductor layer is here 107 is provided closer to the carrier 103 as the n-doped semi-conductor layer ⁇ 109th
- FIG. 13 shows two possible production variants of the component 1101: A first variant with the reference number
- a mesa trench 1201 was etched into the semiconductor layer sequence 105 as far as the carrier 103.
- the semiconductor layer sequence 105 is divided into two parts and thus forms two optoelectronic components, which are designated here by the reference numerals 1101A and 1101B.
- Corresponding n-dopants can then be introduced into these etched mesa trench 1201, so that the mesa edges 405 of the semiconductor layer sequence 105 in the mesa trench 1201 Form areas with increased n-type doping.
- n-type dopant on the mesa edges 405 of the semiconductor layer sequence 105 are applied in particular which, based on the overlying against ⁇ page on the mesa trench 1201, the semiconductor layer sequence 105 of the respective devices 1101A and 1101B applied, ie to the from the mesa trench 1201 ⁇ facing sides of the semiconductor layer sequence 105th
- FIG. 13 shows in two images, thereby to form n-doped regions 117, which ⁇ conductor layer from the n-doped semiconductor 109 extend across the pn junction 111 to the p-doped semiconductor layer 107th
- This the n-doped regions 117 comprising transition regions 1301 have the n-type semiconductor layer 109 to the p-type semiconductor layer 109, a lower greed screen- breakdown voltage in comparison with the regions of the semiconductor layer sequence 105, which do not exhibit enhanced n-doping on ⁇ .
- FIG. 13 shows above a possible embodiment, which is identified by the reference numeral 1305A.
- the carrier 103 forms a growth substrate.
- the growth substrate may be, for example, sapphire.
- Figure 13 shows below another possible embodiment, identified by the reference numeral 1305B, which is a further development of the device 1305A.
- the growth substrate was peeled off (element 103 in device 1305A above).
- a mirror layer was prior to stripping still applied to the the growth substrate 103 facing away from the surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 107, 1303 and then to this mirror layer 1303, a support substrate 1304 is at ⁇ game as germanium or silicon, is applied in such a way that it is the two components 1101A and 1101B together to carry them.
- the growth substrate 103 may be peeled off.
- the mirror layer 1303 is insbesonde ⁇ re then provided when the finished manufactured device as support not a growth substrate, but a Stromub ⁇ strat has.
- exposed surfaces of the optoelectronic components 1101A and 1101B are provided by means of a protective layer prior to the application or introduction of the n-dopant, so that, for example, the p-doped semiconductor layer 107 and / or the active zone 113 of the pn- Transition 111 can not be doped with n-dopants.
- n-dopants can be done for example by sputtering. This in particular quite generally detached from this specific embodiment.
- n-dopant and the n-doped semiconductor layer 109 apply analogously to embodiments in which the p-doped semiconductor layer 107 is doped with a p-dopant, so that in the p-doped semiconductor layer 107 areas with a creased it ⁇ p-type impurity concentration are formed.
- Such embodiments may for example be based on the optoelectronic component 1001 according to FIG. That is to say in particular ⁇ sondere that is provided analogous to the figures 12 and 13 and the opto-electronic device 1001 of FIG 10 with a mesa trench 1201 and is then appropriately doped with a p-dopant.
- FIGS. 14 to 18 show an optoelectronic component 1401 at different times of manufacture.
- a mirror layer 1303 may be provided analogously to the component 1305B according to FIG.
- This Spie ⁇ gel coat in 1303, such a mirror may be omitted similar to the device 1303A according to FIG 13.
- a via 403 or a recess is also etched or formed in the semiconductor layer sequence 105 of the optoelectronic component 1401, whereby as a difference the recess 403 does not pass through to the carrier 103 but in the n-channel. doped semiconductor layer 109 ends.
- exposed surfaces of the individual semiconductor layers of the semiconductor layer sequence 105 are formed, which can be doped, for example, by means of an n-dopant and / or p-dopant, so that corresponding doped regions are formed which have an increased doping concentration, for example the n-doped one Semiconductor layer 109 and p-type semiconductor layer 107, respectively.
- the exposed spots on in the recess 403 with an n-dopant, for example silicon, be doped by the appropriate mate rial ⁇ is introduced into the individual layers, ⁇ example, by means of sputtering.
- n-dopant for example silicon
- a passivation ⁇ layer 1701 for example, grown. It can be provided for example that this passivation ⁇ approximate layer 117 in Figure 17 is also a bottom of the vias covers due to the growth or introducing or depositing of the passivation layer 117 403, wherein the passivation approximate layer ⁇ 117 is then removed after the lateral walls of the recess 403 be covered by the passivation layer ⁇ , as also shown in FIG 17.
- n-type contacting layer 1801 is then applied as the next layer to the layer sequence according to FIG. grown particular, in particular the n-doped semiconductor ⁇ conductor layer 109 electrically contacted. This is shown in FIG. FIG. 19 shows another optoelectronic component 1901.
- FIGS. 20 to 22 show a further optoelectronic component 2001 at different points in time of manufacture.
- n-doped Be ⁇ reaching 117 is formed a, which is comprised by the n-type semiconductor layer 109 and passes through the pn junction 111 to the p-doped semiconductor layer 107th A reverse current will cause a current to flow.
- This current flow is indicated by an arrow with the reference numeral 2003.
- Reference numeral 2002 denotes a hatched region in which the p-type semiconductor layer 107 and the n-type region 117 overlap with the increased n-type doping. In this area it can happen in 2002 that a p-conductivity is reduced by the high n-type doping.
- an optional mirror layer 1303 be vorgese ⁇ hen.
- the mirror layer 1303 can also be dispensed with.
- a protective layer 2101 is applied to the exposed corresponding surface of the p-doped semiconductor layer 107 prior to the introduction of the corresponding n-dopant, ie before the formation of the region 117.
- this protective layer can be applied to a 2101 ent ⁇ speaking exposed surface of active zone 113 of the pn junction 111th This causes in some exemplary prior ⁇ a manner that in a subsequent doping step with an n-dopant here no penetration of n-
- Figure 23 shows a further optoelectronic component 2301, which may be substantially constructed analogous to the component 2001 ⁇ . Reference may be made to the corresponding explanations.
- the component has a passivation layer 2303 is deposited on the n-doped semi-conductor layer ⁇ 107th
- the passivation layer 2303 extends over a horizontal surface 2304 of the n-doped semiconductor layer 107 further over an edge 2305 of the n-doped semiconductor layer 107 in the direction of the carrier 103 up to the doped region 117 and thus covers in particular, a vertical outer surface 2307 of the n-type semiconductor layer 107 that abuts the edge 2305 or adjoins ⁇ , and a further vertical outer surface 2309 of the pn junction 111 on the outer surface 2305 connects.
- the invention thus includes in particular the idea of providing at least one of the two p-doped and n-doped semiconductor layers, in particular both, with a modular doping, insofar one or more
- Regions are provided with a higher n- or p-doping compared to an environment of the area. This advantageously has the effect that these regions have a lower breakdown voltage, so that preferably electrical charges can flow away in the case of an electrostatic charging of the optoelectronic component. This causes in particular advantageously protection against electrostatic charges or against eventu ⁇ ell resulting damage.
- An area is provided with a dopant
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Abstract
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DE112014001948.8T DE112014001948B4 (de) | 2013-04-10 | 2014-03-24 | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optoelektronischen Bauelements |
JP2016506836A JP6100967B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 | 2014-03-24 | オプトエレクトロニクス部品およびオプトエレクトロニクス部品の製造方法 |
CN201480020763.0A CN105122454B (zh) | 2013-04-10 | 2014-03-24 | 光电子器件和用于制造光电子器件的方法 |
US14/782,911 US9620673B2 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2014-03-24 | Optoelectronic component and method of producing an optoelectronic component |
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DE102013103601.5A DE102013103601A1 (de) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optoelektronischen Bauelements |
DE102013103601.5 | 2013-04-10 |
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JP (1) | JP6100967B2 (de) |
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WO2020229607A1 (de) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Bauelement mit vergrabenen dotierten bereichen und verfahren zur herstellung eines bauelements |
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US3243360A (en) * | 1961-06-13 | 1966-03-29 | Allied Chem | Automatic actuation of the uptake valves in a coke oven battery |
DE102017112127A1 (de) | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optoelektronischen Bauelements |
DE102017115794A1 (de) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-17 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optoelektronischen Bauelements |
EP3948358B1 (de) | 2019-03-29 | 2024-01-03 | Shenzhen Xpectvision Technology Co., Ltd. | Vorrichtungen zur strahlungsdetektion und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
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CN105122454B (zh) | 2018-01-12 |
CN105122454A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
JP2016518711A (ja) | 2016-06-23 |
JP6100967B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
US9620673B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
US20160049543A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
DE112014001948A5 (de) | 2015-12-31 |
DE112014001948B4 (de) | 2021-10-21 |
DE102013103601A1 (de) | 2014-10-16 |
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