WO2014165951A1 - Amortecedor hidráulico para suspensão e respectivo batente hidráulico aperfeiçoado - Google Patents
Amortecedor hidráulico para suspensão e respectivo batente hidráulico aperfeiçoado Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014165951A1 WO2014165951A1 PCT/BR2013/000114 BR2013000114W WO2014165951A1 WO 2014165951 A1 WO2014165951 A1 WO 2014165951A1 BR 2013000114 W BR2013000114 W BR 2013000114W WO 2014165951 A1 WO2014165951 A1 WO 2014165951A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ring
- reciprocating rod
- retaining ring
- locking ring
- tubular body
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/58—Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder
- F16F9/585—Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder within the cylinder, in contact with working fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/48—Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke
- F16F9/49—Stops limiting fluid passage, e.g. hydraulic stops or elastomeric elements inside the cylinder which contribute to changes in fluid damping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
- B60G13/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
- B60G13/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type
- B60G13/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type hydraulic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement applied to a vehicle suspension hydraulic shock absorber of the type used for shock absorber suspension in automotive vehicles and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a hydraulic damper comprising an improved hydraulic stop and a respective improved hydraulic stop.
- Vehicle suspension dampers basically consist of a telescopic device having a reciprocating rod mounted through an inner cylinder in a housing, said devices externally having a fixed end on the vehicle frame and an opposite end fixed on one of the suspension arms. of the vehicle.
- Fluid communication between the cylinder and the housing occurs through at least one fluid-flow valve which is mounted adjacent one end of the cylinder when reciprocating rod movement caused by moving the vehicle's suspension relative to the bodywork. of the same vehicle. This movement occurs against a movement resistance force resulting from the passage of viscous fluid through said valve.
- the shell / cylinder assembly has at one end a through opening through which the reciprocating rod moves during its movement. This end is provided with an annular sealing member that acts as a guide for the reciprocating rod and as a seal against the leakage of viscous damper fluid.
- damping characteristics of conventional dampers are established as a function of the piston valves and viscous fluid flow valves between the cylinder and the housing, regardless of the position of the rod in its limited telescopic movement on vehicle suspensions. self-propelled by a mechanical limiter, which acts to limit the maximum stem distension.
- said mechanical limiter consists of a mechanical stop fixed to a portion of the reciprocating rod, internally to the inner cylinder and carrying an elastomeric annular member.
- said inner annular member contacts an annular stop member provided adjacent the passage opening of said rod.
- the limiting element does not slide through the inner side wall of the cylinder.
- the shock absorbers utilize hydraulic stops arranged on the reciprocating rod, such as the mechanical limiters described above.
- Said hydraulic stops consist of spring-loaded or slidingly supported snap rings on said reciprocating rod or inner cylinder. Viscous fluid retention on these hydraulic stops is better than with piston valve dampers when the reciprocating rod approaches the maximum telescoping position, resulting in greater damping force at a limiting position.
- a damper for the suspension of a vehicle which includes a tubular housing, a tubular body and a rod
- reciprocating device with a piston and a stroke limiter.
- the tubular body has, to an axial extent of its inner wall, a diameter reduction so that during displacement of the reciprocating rod, contact of at least a portion of the circumferential extension of the stroke limiter with contact with the tubular body occurs.
- the inner wall of the tubular body, and wherein at least one of the portions defined by the inner wall of the tubular body and stroke limiting element is provided with axial flow channels for the passage of viscous fluid during the movement of said reciprocating rod.
- the stroke limiter element is defined as a stroke limiting elastomeric element in the form of a split ring carrying an annular elastomeric element, said stroke limiter being axially retained on the reciprocating rod by means of retaining rings disposed in respective grooves. said reciprocating rod (see Figure 2 of PI 9401784).
- Another object of the present invention is an improved hydraulic stop with reduced play between its component parts so as to eliminate, or at least substantially reduce, the noise due to relative movement of said hydraulic stop component parts during practical use of a damper.
- suspension system for vehicles generally fitted with a hydraulic stop.
- a suspension hydraulic damper comprising: a tubular housing containing viscous fluid and having closed ends; a tubular body mounted internally and concentric to said tubular housing and having a closed end adjacent one end of the tubular housing, and an opposite end provided with a central opening passing through the adjacent opposite end of the tubular housing; and an axially movable reciprocating rod disposed through said central opening of the tubular body and provided with a sliding piston within the tubular body and provided with an elastomeric annular stroke limiting element, said reciprocating rod moving between a retracting position.
- the tubular body has, in an axial extension of its inner wall adjacent to the open end, a diametric reduction to allow that during displacement of the reciprocating rod, contact of at least part of the circumferential extension of the stroke limiter element with the inner wall of the tubular body occurs, and at least one of the parts defined by the inner wall of the tubular body and limiting element of course is provided with axial flow channels for the passage of viscous fluid during the movement of said reciprocating rod.
- the stroke limiting element comprises a retaining ring, a locking ring and a sealing ring, said retaining ring partially enclosing said locking ring and defining, together with said locking ring, a groove capable of receiving the said a sealing ring.
- the retaining ring comprises an annular body provided with a lower annular projection and an upper annular projection, said projections being diametrically opposed with respect to each other, said lower annular projection being elastic and conformable so as to penetrating the recess of the reciprocating shank when the retaining ring is in its assembled condition, and said upper annular projection is disposed spaced from the cylindrical surface of the reciprocating shank, thereby defining an annular pocket between the upper annular ring projection.
- the locking ring comprises a low profile sleeve-shaped body having a first end capable of penetrating into said annular pocket, and a second end, axially opposed to the first end, provided with a radial projection for out.
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the hydraulic stop of the present invention and part of a suspension damper
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of part of a suspension damper incorporating the hydraulic stop of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view, similar to figure 2, of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- tubular body (20) mounted internally and concentric to said tubular housing and having a closed end (not shown) adjacent one of the closed ends of the tubular housing, and an opposite end (not shown) provided with a central opening (not shown). ) passing through the adjacent opposite end of the tubular housing;
- an axially movable reciprocating rod arranged through said central opening of the tubular body (20) and provided with a sliding piston (not shown) within the tubular body and provided with a stroke limiting elastomeric annular member, said reciprocating rod displacing between a retracting position, wherein said piston is adjacent to the closed end of the tubular body (20), and an extension position, wherein said stroke limiter is adjacent to said central opening.
- the tubular body (20) has, at an axial extension of its inner wall adjacent to the open end (not shown), a diameter reduction (26) so as to allow contact during displacement of the reciprocating rod to occur.
- a diameter reduction (26) so as to allow contact during displacement of the reciprocating rod to occur.
- at least part of the circumferential extension of the stroke limiter member to the inner wall of the tubular body (20), and at least one of the portions defined by the inner wall of the tubular body (20) and stroke limiter element is provided with channels. flow axes (27) for the passage of viscous fluid during the movement of said reciprocating rod (30).
- the damper (1) comprises a reciprocating rod (3) at the radial periphery to which an annular and elastomeric stroke limiting element (6) is attached to mechanically interfere with the inner wall of the tubular body (1). 20).
- said reciprocating rod (3) has, on the radial periphery of its outer lateral surface, a conical recess (4) of right triangular cross-section.
- said recess (4) is obtained by rolling the reciprocating rod (3), although other production methods are equally viable.
- the stroke limiting element (6) comprises a retaining ring (7), a locking ring (8) and a sealing ring (9).
- the retaining ring (7) disposed at a lower dimension according to the position illustrated in Figure 2, is presented as an annular body provided with a lower annular projection (71) and an upper annular projection (72).
- Said lower annular projection (71) is elastic and shaped to penetrate said recess (4) of the reciprocating rod (3) when the retaining ring (7) is in its assembled condition (as in figure 2). In this way the retaining ring (7) cannot move beyond the area delimited by the recess (4), even in the face of friction between the sealing ring (9) and the inner wall of the tubular body (20).
- Said upper annular projection (72) is diametrically opposed to the inferior annular projection (71), assuming a position far from the cylindrical surface of the reciprocating rod (3).
- an annular pocket is defined between the upper annular projection (72) of the retaining ring (7) and said cylindrical surface of the reciprocating rod (3).
- the locking ring (8) is in the form of a low profile sleeve and slidably slid over the cylindrical surface of the reciprocating rod (3). Superiorly (also with respect to the position illustrated in figure 2), said locking ring (8) has an outward radial projection (81).
- the locking ring (8) comprises a first end capable of penetrating into the annular pocket, and a second end, axially opposed to the first end, with an outwardly radial projection (81).
- the retaining ring (7) is penetrated by the locking ring (8). Specifically, a part of the locking ring body (8) penetrates the annular pocket defined between the cylindrical surface of the reciprocating rod (3) and the annular projection (72) of the retaining ring (7), so that only a portion of the retaining ring (7) fully occupies said ring pocket.
- a flange (91) of quadrangular cross-section is defined, capable of receiving with clearance in the axial direction, the sealing ring (9).
- the proposed solution allows said stroke limiter element (6), and in particular its three component elements, to be mounted on the reciprocating rod (3) automatically, so that any assembly errors can be eliminated. , as well as providing for a reduction in the costs and production times of such a damper.
- the stroke limiter (6) is superiorly It is locked by means of a retaining ring (10) which is inserted into the channel (11) shaped on the outer surface of the reciprocating rod (3).
- said channel (11) is realized, for example, during the rolling of the recess (4), or possibly immediately thereafter, also by a rolling procedure. After the automatic insertion of the travel limiter (6), It is also provided for the automated insertion of said retaining ring (10) to its final position within the channel (11).
- Said retaining ring (10) is an extraordinary safeguard since, under normal conditions of use, there is no tendency for the travel limiter (6) to move upwards (relative to the position shown in figures 1-3). .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380061201.6A CN104813062A (zh) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | 悬架***的液力减振器和相应的改进的液力止动器 |
EP13881752.3A EP2910811B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Hydraulic shock absorber for suspension system and corresponding improved hydraulic stop |
BR112015007907-5A BR112015007907B1 (pt) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Amortecedor hidráulico para suspensão e respectivo batente hidráulico aperfeiçoado |
US14/442,671 US20160091046A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Hydraulic shock absorber for suspension system and corresponding improved hydraulic stop |
MX2015005855A MX2015005855A (es) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Amortiguador hidraulico para sistema de suspension y respectivo tope hidraulico mejorado. |
PCT/BR2013/000114 WO2014165951A1 (pt) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Amortecedor hidráulico para suspensão e respectivo batente hidráulico aperfeiçoado |
ARP130104314A AR093590A1 (es) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-11-22 | Amortiguador hidraulico para suspension y el respectivo batiente hidraulico perfeccionado |
HK16100245.5A HK1212417A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2016-01-11 | Hydraulic shock absorber for suspension system and corresponding improved hydraulic stop |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BR2013/000114 WO2014165951A1 (pt) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Amortecedor hidráulico para suspensão e respectivo batente hidráulico aperfeiçoado |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014165951A1 true WO2014165951A1 (pt) | 2014-10-16 |
Family
ID=51688758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BR2013/000114 WO2014165951A1 (pt) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Amortecedor hidráulico para suspensão e respectivo batente hidráulico aperfeiçoado |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160091046A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP2910811B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN104813062A (pt) |
AR (1) | AR093590A1 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112015007907B1 (pt) |
HK (1) | HK1212417A1 (pt) |
MX (1) | MX2015005855A (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2014165951A1 (pt) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016146660A1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | Sistemi Sospensioni S.P.A. | Hydraulic compression stop member for a hydraulic shock-absorber for a vehicle suspension |
ITUB20151830A1 (it) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-02 | Sistemi Sospensioni Spa | Tampone idraulico in compressione per ammortizzatore idraulico per sospensione di veicolo, con dispositivo limitatore di pressione. |
DE102015223581A1 (de) | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schwingungsdämpfer mit hydraulischem Zuganschlag |
DE102016207324A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Zuganschlag für eine Kolbenstange |
DE102016212799A1 (de) | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102017201577A1 (de) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-08-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Zuganschlag zur Anordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug-Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102018201276A1 (de) | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schwingungsdämpfer mit hydraulischem Zuganschlag |
US20190249744A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-08-15 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Frequency-Selective Damping Valve Assembly |
US10533624B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2020-01-14 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Cylinder device |
US20210140508A1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-05-13 | öHLINS RACING AB | Position-dependent shock absorber |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9835220B2 (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-12-05 | Beijingwest Industries, Co., Ltd. | Shock absorber with hydraulic rebound system |
DE102016202007B4 (de) * | 2016-02-10 | 2022-09-29 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Kolbenzylinder-Aggregat |
US10107352B2 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-10-23 | Beijingwest Industries Co., Ltd. | Hydraulic damper with a hydraulic stop arrangement |
US10174802B2 (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2019-01-08 | Beijingwest Industries Co., Ltd. | Hydraulic damper with a hydraulic stop arrangement |
JP6810603B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2021-01-06 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | シリンダ装置 |
BR112019015778B1 (pt) * | 2017-02-22 | 2024-01-23 | Kyb Corporation | Absorvedor de choque |
US10830303B2 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2020-11-10 | Beijingwest Industries Co., Ltd. | Shock absorber assembly including hydraulic stop mechanism with stabilizer pins |
US10989268B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2021-04-27 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Damper with hydraulic end stop |
DE102019215558A1 (de) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-15 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Drosselstelle für einen Schwingungsdämpfer |
CN111765194B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-07 | 北京京西重工有限公司 | 液压阻尼器组件 |
CN112161015B (zh) | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-06 | 北京京西重工有限公司 | 液压阻尼器组件和用于液压阻尼器组件的附加活塞 |
CN112879478B (zh) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-06-28 | 北京京西重工有限公司 | 液压阻尼器 |
KR102573771B1 (ko) * | 2021-01-07 | 2023-09-04 | 베이징웨스트 인더스트리즈 코포레이션 리미티드 | 유압식 스트로크 정지 장치가 있는 유압식 서스펜션 댐퍼 |
US11892056B2 (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-02-06 | DRiV Automotive Inc. | Hydraulic damper having a pressure tube and a ring |
CN113958649A (zh) * | 2021-10-31 | 2022-01-21 | 成都九鼎科技(集团)有限公司 | 减振器液压缓冲组件及渐变式行程调节减振器 |
DE102022129427A1 (de) | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-08 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Schwingungsdämpfer mit einem hydraulischen Zuganschlag |
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BR8806915A (pt) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-08-29 | Tokico Ltd | Amortecedor hidraulico |
BR8905410A (pt) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-22 | Tokico Ltd | Amortecedor hidraulico |
BR8806750A (pt) * | 1988-03-10 | 1990-07-31 | Tokico Ltd | Amortecedor hidraulico |
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2013
- 2013-04-10 CN CN201380061201.6A patent/CN104813062A/zh active Pending
- 2013-04-10 BR BR112015007907-5A patent/BR112015007907B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2013-04-10 WO PCT/BR2013/000114 patent/WO2014165951A1/pt active Application Filing
- 2013-04-10 MX MX2015005855A patent/MX2015005855A/es unknown
- 2013-04-10 US US14/442,671 patent/US20160091046A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-04-10 EP EP13881752.3A patent/EP2910811B1/en active Active
- 2013-11-22 AR ARP130104314A patent/AR093590A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2016
- 2016-01-11 HK HK16100245.5A patent/HK1212417A1/xx unknown
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BR8806915A (pt) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-08-29 | Tokico Ltd | Amortecedor hidraulico |
BR8806750A (pt) * | 1988-03-10 | 1990-07-31 | Tokico Ltd | Amortecedor hidraulico |
BR8905410A (pt) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-22 | Tokico Ltd | Amortecedor hidraulico |
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016146660A1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | Sistemi Sospensioni S.P.A. | Hydraulic compression stop member for a hydraulic shock-absorber for a vehicle suspension |
CN107636344A (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-01-26 | 悬挂***股份有限公司 | 用于车辆悬架的液压减震器的液压压缩止挡构件 |
US10371226B2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2019-08-06 | Sistemi Sospensioni S.P.A. | Hydraulic shock-absorber for a vehicle suspension |
US10533624B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2020-01-14 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Cylinder device |
ITUB20151830A1 (it) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-02 | Sistemi Sospensioni Spa | Tampone idraulico in compressione per ammortizzatore idraulico per sospensione di veicolo, con dispositivo limitatore di pressione. |
WO2017001675A1 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-05 | Sistemi Sospensioni S.P.A. | Hydraulic compression stop member for a hydraulic shock-absorber for a vehicle suspension with pressure relief device |
CN107771255A (zh) * | 2015-07-02 | 2018-03-06 | 悬挂***股份有限公司 | 具有减压装置的用于车辆悬架的液压减震器的液压压缩止动构件 |
US10208830B2 (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2019-02-19 | Sistemi Sospensioni S.P.A. | Hydraulic compression stop member for a hydraulic shock-absorber for a vehicle suspension with pressure relief device |
DE102015223581A1 (de) | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schwingungsdämpfer mit hydraulischem Zuganschlag |
EP3734106A1 (de) | 2015-11-27 | 2020-11-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Schwingungsdämpfer mit hydraulischem zuganschlag |
DE102016207324A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Zuganschlag für eine Kolbenstange |
DE102016212799A1 (de) | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schwingungsdämpfer |
US20190249744A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-08-15 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Frequency-Selective Damping Valve Assembly |
US10851865B2 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2020-12-01 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Frequency-selective damping valve assembly |
DE102017201577A1 (de) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-08-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Zuganschlag zur Anordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug-Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102018201276A1 (de) | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schwingungsdämpfer mit hydraulischem Zuganschlag |
US20210140508A1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-05-13 | öHLINS RACING AB | Position-dependent shock absorber |
US11592074B2 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2023-02-28 | öHLINS RACING AB | Position-dependent shock absorber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160091046A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
BR112015007907A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
EP2910811A1 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
AR093590A1 (es) | 2015-06-10 |
EP2910811A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2910811B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
HK1212417A1 (en) | 2016-06-10 |
BR112015007907B1 (pt) | 2023-04-25 |
MX2015005855A (es) | 2016-02-25 |
CN104813062A (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
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