WO2014136447A1 - 車両用空調装置 - Google Patents
車両用空調装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014136447A1 WO2014136447A1 PCT/JP2014/001200 JP2014001200W WO2014136447A1 WO 2014136447 A1 WO2014136447 A1 WO 2014136447A1 JP 2014001200 W JP2014001200 W JP 2014001200W WO 2014136447 A1 WO2014136447 A1 WO 2014136447A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- temperature
- heat
- refrigerant
- flow rate
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3213—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency in a vehicle heat pump
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/13—Pump speed control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner.
- Patent Document 1 a vehicle air conditioner that uses a heat pump to cool and heat the passenger compartment has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the conventional vehicle air conditioner that heats the vehicle interior using the heat of the engine coolant has a problem that the vehicle interior cannot be heated when the temperature of the engine coolant is not high.
- Such a problem also applies to a case in which exhaust heat is obtained from a heat generating component other than the engine, such as a secondary battery that supplies electric power for traveling or an electric motor for traveling, in an electric vehicle and used for heating. To occur.
- a heat generating component other than the engine such as a secondary battery that supplies electric power for traveling or an electric motor for traveling, in an electric vehicle and used for heating.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner capable of heating a passenger compartment with high efficiency even when the outside air temperature is low and a large amount of exhaust heat cannot be obtained from the heat generating parts of the vehicle.
- a vehicle air conditioner includes a heater core that applies heat to air that is flowed into a vehicle interior by flowing a high-temperature coolant, and heat between the coolant and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the heat pump.
- a first water-refrigerant heat exchanger that condenses the refrigerant by exchanging the refrigerant, a flow rate adjusting means that adjusts the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the first water-refrigerant heat exchanger and the heater core, and a control unit that performs air-conditioning control;
- the control unit controls the flow rate adjusting means, and sets the flow rate of the coolant to a second flow rate lower than the first flow rate during standard operation for a predetermined period from the start of the heat pump. take.
- the vehicle interior can be heated with high efficiency.
- the figure which shows the basic composition used as the premise of the vehicle air conditioner of embodiment of this invention The figure explaining the heating efficiency of the vehicle air conditioner (A) of FIG. 1 and a prior art example (B) The figure explaining the heating efficiency of the vehicle air conditioner (A) of FIG. 1 and a comparative example (B)
- the block diagram which shows the vehicle air conditioner of embodiment of this invention The flowchart which shows the procedure of the air-conditioning control process in the vehicle air conditioner of embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration that is a premise of a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a water circuit indicates a passage through which a coolant flows.
- a device that is mounted on a vehicle having a heat generating component (for example, an engine (internal combustion engine)) and performs heating, dehumidification, and cooling of the vehicle interior.
- a heat generating component for example, an engine (internal combustion engine)
- the vehicle air conditioner 100 includes a compressor 38, an engine cooling unit 40, three-way valves 42 and 43, a heater core 44, an evaporator 48, an expansion valve 37, an outdoor condenser 39, a sub-evaporator (second water refrigerant heat exchange). 11), sub-capacitor (corresponding to the first water refrigerant heat exchanger) 12, on-off valve 13, expansion valve 14 with solenoid valve, water pump (corresponding to flow rate adjusting means) 16, and connecting between them A cooling fluid pipe and a refrigerant pipe are provided.
- the heater core 44 and the evaporator 48 are disposed in an intake passage of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) 70.
- the HVAC 70 is provided with a blower fan F1 for flowing intake air.
- the compressor 38 is driven by electricity to compress the sucked refrigerant into a high temperature and high pressure and discharge it.
- the engine cooling unit 40 includes a water jacket for flowing a coolant around the engine and a water pump 17 for flowing the coolant to the water jacket, and releases heat from the engine to the coolant flowing in the water jacket.
- the water pump 17 is rotated by the power of the engine, for example.
- the engine cooling unit 40 may include a radiator that releases heat to the outside air when the amount of exhaust heat of the engine increases.
- the heater core 44 is a device that exchanges heat between the coolant and air, and is disposed in the intake passage of the HVAC 70 that supplies air into the passenger compartment.
- the heater core 44 is supplied with a heated coolant and releases heat to the intake air that is sent into the passenger compartment during the heating operation.
- the three-way valves 42 and 43 are valves for switching between communicating the coolant passage of the engine cooling unit 40 to the sub-evaporator 11 side or communicating to the heater core 44 side.
- the switching means is not limited to a three-way valve, and may be configured by combining a plurality of valves, for example.
- the three-way valves 42 and 43 can perform the above switching by, for example, electrical control.
- the evaporator 48 is a device that exchanges heat between the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant and the air, and is disposed in the intake passage of the HVAC 70.
- the evaporator 48 is supplied with a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant during the cooling operation or the dehumidifying operation, and cools the intake air supplied into the passenger compartment.
- the expansion valve 37 expands the high-pressure refrigerant to a low temperature and low pressure and discharges it to the evaporator 48.
- the expansion valve 37 is disposed in the vicinity of the evaporator 48.
- the outdoor condenser 39 has a passage through which the refrigerant flows and a passage through which the air flows.
- the outdoor condenser 39 is disposed near the top of the vehicle in the engine room and exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air.
- a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is passed through the outdoor condenser 39 in the cooling mode and the dehumidifying mode, and heat is discharged from the refrigerant to the outside air. Outside air is blown onto the outdoor condenser 39 by, for example, a fan.
- the sub-evaporator 11 has a passage through which a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flows and a passage through which a coolant flows, and performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant.
- the sub-evaporator 11 is supplied with a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in a predetermined operation mode, and the coolant is circulated between the engine cooling unit 40 and heat from the coolant to the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant. Move.
- the sub-capacitor 12 has a passage through which a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows and a passage through which a cooling liquid flows, and performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the cooling liquid.
- the coolant is circulated through the sub-capacitor 12 between the heater core 44 and the heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the coolant in a predetermined operation mode.
- the refrigerant pipe on the outlet side of the sub-capacitor 12 branches into two, one is connected to the outdoor capacitor 39 via the on-off valve 13, and the other is connected to the sub-evaporator 11 via the expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve. Yes.
- the water pump 16 may be a pump capable of circulating the coolant between the sub-capacitor 12 and the heater core 44 by, for example, an electrically driven electric motor.
- the refrigerant pipe on the outlet side of the sub-evaporator 11 is connected to the refrigerant suction port of the compressor 38.
- a refrigerant pipe on the outlet side of the evaporator 48 is also connected to the refrigerant suction port of the compressor 38.
- the on-off valve 13 is a valve that switches between opening and closing of the refrigerant pipe, for example, by electrical control.
- the expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve is a valve that functions as an expansion valve when the refrigerant pipe is opened and closed, for example, by electrical control.
- the expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve may be replaced with two parts consisting of an on-off valve and an expansion valve.
- the compressor 38 when the compressor 38 is operated, the refrigerant circulates through the sub condenser 12, the expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve, the sub evaporator 11, and the compressor 38 in this order.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 38 releases heat to the coolant in the sub condenser 12 and condenses. Further, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve is vaporized by absorbing heat from the coolant in the sub-evaporator 11.
- Coolant flows into two water circuits and flows independently.
- the coolant in the first water circuit flows cyclically between the engine cooling unit 40 and the sub-evaporator 11.
- the coolant in the first water circuit cools the engine in the engine cooling unit 40 and releases heat to the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the sub-evaporator 11.
- the coolant in the second water circuit flows cyclically between the sub condenser 12 and the heater core 44 by the water pump 16.
- the coolant in the second water circuit absorbs heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the sub-capacitor 12 and releases heat to the intake air sent to the vehicle interior in the heater core 44.
- the compressor 38, the sub capacitor 12, the outdoor capacitor 39, the expansion valve 37, and the evaporator 48 are circulated in this order. A refrigerant flow occurs.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flows through the evaporator 48 by this refrigerant flow, and the intake air sent into the passenger compartment can be dehumidified.
- Heating mode when engine coolant is hot When operation in the heating mode is required when the engine coolant is at a high temperature (for example, 60 ° C. or higher), the on-off valve 13 is opened, the expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve is closed, the water pump 16 is turned off, and the three-way valve 42 , 43 are switched to the heater core 44 side.
- a high temperature for example, 60 ° C. or higher
- This switching allows the hot engine coolant to flow through the heater core 44 and warm the intake air sent to the passenger compartment.
- the compressor 38 operates, so that the refrigerant circulates through the sub condenser 12, the outdoor condenser 39, the expansion valve 37, the evaporator 48, and the compressor 38 in this order. .
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 38 passes through the sub-condenser 12 where the coolant does not flow almost without heat exchange, and is condensed by releasing heat to the outside air in the outdoor condenser 39.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve 37 absorbs heat from the intake air sent into the passenger compartment by the evaporator 48 and vaporizes. Thereby, dehumidification of intake air can be performed.
- the air flowing through the HVAC 70 passes through the evaporator 48 and is cooled, and the air is bypassed by the heater core 44 and sent to the vehicle interior, thereby cooling the vehicle interior.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the heating efficiency of the vehicle air conditioner (A) of FIG. 1 and the conventional example (B) when the engine coolant is at a medium temperature.
- A vehicle air conditioner
- B conventional example
- FIG. 2 an example of the stable temperature of the coolant flowing through each part is shown alongside the arrow indicating the flow of the coolant.
- the heating mode (A) of the vehicle air conditioner in FIG. Comparison with the heating mode (B) in the example is performed.
- FIG. 2 (B) is a configuration having a heat pump system including a compressor 91, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger (sub-condenser) 92 that functions as a condenser, an expansion valve 93, and an outdoor heat exchanger 94 that functions as an evaporator.
- the engine coolant is heated by the water refrigerant heat exchanger 92 and sent to the heater core 44.
- This configuration corresponds to the configuration of FIG.
- a medium temperature coolant is supplied to the sub-evaporator 11 functioning as an evaporator.
- the sub-evaporator 11 stable and highly efficient heat exchange is performed between the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant and the coolant, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant can be easily vaporized.
- the heat pump system operates efficiently, and a large amount of heat can be transferred from the sub-evaporator 11 to the sub-capacitor 12. Therefore, the sub-capacitor 12 is maintained at a high temperature, and the vehicle interior can be sufficiently warmed by supplying a high-temperature coolant to the heater core 44.
- the amount of the coolant flowing through the heater core 44 depends on the rotational speed of the coolant pump of the engine 40A.
- the flow rate of the coolant in the heater core 44 can be controlled independently of the flow rate of the coolant in the engine 40A. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 100 of FIG. 1, even when the engine 40A is stopped due to idling stop or the like, it is possible to flow the coolant through the heater core 44 and maintain the heating capacity of the vehicle interior.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the heating efficiency of the vehicle air conditioner (A) of FIG. 1 and the comparative example (B) when the engine coolant is at a medium temperature.
- FIG. 3 an example of a stable temperature of the coolant flowing in each part is shown beside the arrow indicating the flow of the coolant.
- FIG. 3B the unstable temperature of the coolant is shown in parentheses.
- the comparative example of FIG. 3B has a heat pump system similar to the vehicle air conditioner 100 of FIG. 1, while the coolant is supplied to the heater core 44, the sub evaporator 11, the cooling passage of the engine 40A, and the sub condenser 12. It is a configuration that circulates in order.
- the compressor 38 is driven in the same manner as in FIG. 3A, and the heater core 44 is heated to a high temperature (for example, an unstable temperature (1) 70 as in FIG. 3A). (Centigrade) is supplied.
- a high temperature for example, an unstable temperature (1) 70 as in FIG. 3A. (Centigrade) is supplied.
- the coolant that has passed through the heater core 44 is sent to the sub-evaporator 11. Therefore, in the case of the above assumption, the temperature of the coolant input to the sub-evaporator 11 is higher than in the case of FIG. 3A (for example, an unstable temperature (1) 50 ° C.). As a result, the temperature of the coolant that passes through the sub-evaporator 11 and is sent to the engine 40A also becomes higher than in the case of FIG. 3A (for example, an unstable temperature (1) 25 ° C.).
- the temperature of the engine 40A when the temperature of the engine 40A is low, the temperature difference between the coolant sent from the sub-evaporator 11 and the engine 40A becomes small, so the heat radiation from the engine 40A to the coolant becomes small. Further, in the comparative example of FIG. 3B, the coolant of the engine 40 ⁇ / b> A is sent to the sub capacitor 12. For this reason, in the above assumption, the temperature of the coolant input to the sub-capacitor 12 is lower than in the case of FIG. 3A (for example, unstable temperature (1) 40 ° C.).
- the coolant that is output from the sub-capacitor 12 cannot be maintained at the above-mentioned high temperature, and the temperature is low (for example, an unstable temperature (2) 65 ° C.).
- the stable temperature of the coolant in each part is lower on the heater core 44 side than on the configuration of FIG. Get higher.
- the heating efficiency of the comparative example of FIG. 3B is lower than that of the heating mode of the vehicle air conditioner 100 of FIG.
- the flow rate of the coolant in the heater core 44 depends on the number of revolutions of the coolant pump of the engine 40A.
- the flow rate of the coolant in the heater core 44 can be controlled independently of the flow rate of the coolant in the engine 40A. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 100 of FIG. 1, for example, even when the engine 40 ⁇ / b> A is stopped due to idling stop or the like, it is possible to flow the coolant through the heater core 44 and continue heating the vehicle interior to maintain the heating capacity. it can.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure aims to improve the ability to quickly heat the passenger compartment even in extreme cold, that is, the quick warming performance, in the vehicle air conditioner having the above basic configuration.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing the vehicle air conditioner according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has a new control process added to the basic configuration shown in FIG. Constituent elements similar to those of the basic configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes temperature sensors 56 and 57 and a control unit 36.
- the coolant passage branched by the basic three-way valves 42 and 43 is omitted.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment may include these components.
- the control unit 36 is, for example, an ECU (electric control unit) dedicated to air conditioning control, and receives outputs from various sensors and operation commands from the user or the vehicle ECU.
- the various sensors include temperature sensors 56 and 57.
- the control unit 36 outputs a drive control signal to each drive unit of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the drive unit includes a compressor 38, a blower fan F1, a water pump 16, an on-off valve 13, and an expansion valve 14 with a solenoid valve.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure of air conditioning control processing in the vehicle air conditioner of the embodiment.
- This air conditioning control process is started by the control unit 36, for example, when the vehicle is started (for example, when an ignition switch is turned on for an engine vehicle and when a key is turned on for an electric vehicle).
- control unit 36 When the air-conditioning control process is started, the control unit 36 first initializes the air-conditioner ECU starting process (step S1), and initializes various sensors and actuators (solenoid valve, open / close door of the HVAC 70, etc.). The process (step S2) is performed, and the process proceeds to the subsequent repetition process.
- control unit 36 first confirms an operation command from the outside in steps S3 and S4, and if it is a heating mode command, executes the heating processing (steps S5 to S9) and sets the cooling mode or the like. If it is another command, mode processing (step S10) according to the command is executed. If it is an air conditioning operation end command, the air conditioning control process is terminated.
- control unit 36 first acquires information from various sensors including the temperature sensors 56 and 57 (step S5), and then calculates the target temperature of the warm air outlet in the vehicle compartment (step S6).
- control unit 36 calculates the rotation speed of the compressor 38 based on the target blowing temperature and various sensor information, and instructs the drive circuit of the compressor 38 to drive at this rotation speed (step S7).
- control unit 36 determines the state of the HVAC 70, for example, the rotation speed of the blower fan F1 and the opening / closing amounts of various opening / closing doors based on the target blowing temperature and various sensor information, and instructs each driving unit (step S8). ).
- control unit 36 determines the rotational speed of the water pump (WP1) 16 based on the target blowing temperature and various sensor information, and instructs the drive circuit of the water pump 16 to drive at this rotational speed (step S9). ).
- control unit 36 repeatedly executes the heating process of steps S5 to S9, and the heating operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 is realized by this repeated process.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of the “WP1 rotation speed instruction” processing of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a data table showing the relationship between the outside air temperature and the WP1 stop water temperature.
- control unit 36 first reads out the stop water temperature of the water pump (WP1) 16 according to the outside air temperature from the data table (step S11).
- the control unit 36 stores, for example, the data table of FIG. 7 in the internal memory.
- This data table stores information representing the relationship between the outside air temperature and the stop water temperature.
- the water temperature is the temperature of the coolant flowing in the sub-capacitor 12, and the stop water temperature represents the threshold temperature at which the water pump 16 is switched from the stop to the standard rotation.
- the outside air temperature does not indicate a range below ⁇ 20 ° C., but the stop water temperature may be set as appropriate in a range below ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the control unit 36 After reading the stop water temperature, the control unit 36 then compares the coolant temperature of the sub-capacitor 12 (referred to as “condenser water temperature”) with the stop water temperature (step S12). If the condenser water temperature is higher, the rotational speed of the water pump 16 is set to the standard rotational speed (step S13). The flow rate of the coolant at this time corresponds to the first flow rate. On the other hand, if the condenser water temperature is lower, the rotational speed of the water pump 16 is set to substantially stop (substantially zero flow rate) (step S14). The flow rate of the coolant at this time corresponds to an example of the second flow rate.
- the substantially zero flow rate includes a case where the coolant flows slightly due to convection or acceleration / deceleration of the vehicle when no driving force is applied to the water pump 16.
- control unit 36 outputs a control signal to the drive circuit of the water pump 16 so that the water pump 16 is driven at the set rotation speed (step S15). Then, the WP1 rotation speed instruction process is completed.
- FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating an example of the air conditioning control process.
- an air conditioning operation as shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by the control process described above.
- the control unit 36 performs these steps in the compressor rotation speed instruction process (step S7 in FIG. 5).
- the state is determined, and the compressor 38 is warmed up for a predetermined period.
- the period of “3000 rpm” and “5000 rpm” in FIG. 8 indicates the warm-up operation of the compressor 38.
- control unit 36 stops the water pump 16 until the condenser water temperature (the coolant temperature of the sub-capacitor 12) exceeds the stop water temperature (first operation). 2).
- the heat pump When the heat pump is in stable operation, heat is transferred from the sub-evaporator 11 to the sub-capacitor 12 with high efficiency, so that the condenser water temperature (cooling liquid temperature of the sub-capacitor 12) rises quickly.
- the water pump (WP1) 16 When the condenser water temperature exceeds the WP1 stop water temperature, the water pump (WP1) 16 is driven at the standard rotational speed.
- the state where the water pump 16 is driven at the standard rotational speed is the standard operation of the water pump 16.
- the standard rotational speed is the rotational speed at which the amount of heat that can heat the passenger compartment can be transported from the sub capacitor 12 to the heater core 44.
- the heat generated in the sub-capacitor 12 by the heat pump is transported from the sub-capacitor 12 to the heater core 44, and the intake air sent into the passenger compartment is warmed. .
- the vehicle interior can be quickly heated by the above-described action.
- the water pump 16 is driven at the standard driving amount (standard rotation speed) according to the condenser water temperature, or the driving amount is lower than the standard driving amount (for example, stop). It is switched. With such control, an unnecessary stop period of the water pump 16 is provided when the condenser water temperature is high at the start-up, for example, when the vehicle air conditioner 1 is restarted after a short period from the end of operation. No need.
- the threshold temperature (WP1 stop water temperature) of the condenser water temperature for switching the rotation speed of the water pump 16 is changed according to the outside air temperature.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the vehicle air conditioner according to the embodiment.
- vehicle air conditioner 1 of the above embodiment may be changed to the vehicle air conditioner 1A of FIG.
- vehicle air conditioner 1A according to the modification is different from the configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 only in the water circuit, and the other configurations and control contents are the same.
- a water pump 16A is arranged as a flow rate adjusting means.
- the control method for switching whether the water pump 16 is driven at the standard operation amount (standard rotation speed) or lower than the standard operation amount (for example, stopped) according to the condenser water temperature. was described as an example.
- the water pump 16 may be controlled to a drive amount lower than that during the standard operation for a predetermined time according to the outside air temperature from the start-up. The effect of.
- the water pump 16 may be controlled to a drive amount lower than that during the standard operation during the warm-up operation of the compressor and after the completion of the warm-up operation.
- Controlling the water pump 16 to the drive amount during the standard operation means adjusting the flow rate of the coolant to the first flow rate during the standard operation.
- controlling the water pump 16 to a drive amount lower than that in the standard operation means adjusting the coolant flow rate to a second flow rate lower than the first flow rate.
- the stop (zero rotation speed) is exemplified as the driving amount of the water pump 16 lower than that in the normal operation, but the vehicle interior is heated from the sub condenser 12 to the heater core 44, for example, 25% or less of the standard rotation speed. It is good also as the rotation speed which cannot transport the possible amount of heat.
- the substantially zero flow rate is exemplified, but the second flow rate may be a flow rate of 25% or less of the flow rate during the standard operation. . Even in this configuration, the same effect is achieved that the heat pump can be shifted to the stable state more quickly than when driven at the standard rotational speed.
- the standard rotational speed of the water pump 16 is not constant and may be provided in two stages or multiple stages. That is, the standard rotational speed may be regarded as the rotational speed at which the amount of heat that can heat the passenger compartment can be transported from the sub-capacitor 12 to the heater core 44.
- the coolant flow rate (first flow rate) during standard operation is not constant and may be switched between two stages or multiple stages. That is, the flow rate of the coolant during standard operation can be regarded as the flow rate at which the amount of heat that can heat the passenger compartment can be transported from the sub capacitor 12 to the heater core 44.
- the refrigerant passes through the sub capacitor 12 during the cooling mode.
- the refrigerant may be switched to a refrigerant circuit that circulates through the compressor 38, the outdoor condenser 39, the expansion valve 37, and the evaporator 48, bypassing the sub condenser 12.
- the configuration for adjusting the driving amount of the water pump as the flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the coolant has been described as an example.
- the flow rate adjusting means a valve or an open / close door disposed in the flow path may be applied.
- the engine has been described as an example of the heat generating component of the vehicle.
- various heat generating components such as an electric motor for traveling in an electric vehicle and a secondary battery that supplies electric power for traveling may be adopted as the heat generating component of the vehicle.
- the compressor 38 is described as a compressor that can be driven by electricity and whose rotation speed can be controlled, such as an electric compressor, but may be a compressor that is driven by engine power.
- a compressor driven by the engine either a fixed capacity compressor having a fixed discharge capacity or a variable capacity compressor having a variable discharge capacity can be applied.
- the present invention can be used for a vehicle air conditioner mounted on various vehicles such as an engine vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a HEV vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態の車両用空調装置の前提となる基本構成を示す図である。本願の各構成図において、水回路とは冷却液が流れる通路を示す。
次に、図1の車両用空調装置100の動作について説明する。
エンジン冷却液が中温時(例えば60℃未満)において暖房モードの運転が要求された場合には、開閉弁13が閉、電磁弁付き膨張弁14が開、ウォータポンプ16がオン作動、三方弁42,43の通路がサブエバポレータ11側に切り替えられる。
エンジン冷却液が中温時(例えば60℃未満)において除湿モードの運転が要求された場合には、上述したエンジン冷却液が中温時の暖房モードの状態から、開閉弁13が開に切り替えられる。
エンジン冷却液が高温時(例えば60℃以上)において暖房モードの運転が要求された場合には、開閉弁13が開、電磁弁付き膨張弁14が閉、ウォータポンプ16が作動オフ、三方弁42,43の通路がヒーターコア44側に切り替えられる。
冷房モードの運転が要求された場合には、開閉弁13が開、電磁弁付き膨張弁14が閉、ウォータポンプ16が作動オフ、コンプレッサ38が作動にされる。また、三方弁42,43の通路はヒーターコア44側に切り替えられ、ヒーターコア44の扉が閉じられる。また、エンジン冷却部40では、冷却液がラジエータに送られて外気に放熱を行う。
図2は、エンジン冷却液の中温時における図1の車両用空調装置(A)と従来例(B)との暖房効率を説明する図である。図2においては、冷却液の流れを示す矢印の傍らに、各部に流れる冷却液の安定的な温度の一例を示す。
図3は、エンジン冷却液の中温時における図1の車両用空調装置(A)と比較例(B)との暖房効率を説明する図である。図3においては、冷却液の流れを示す矢印の傍らに、各部に流れる冷却液の安定的な温度の一例を示す。また、図3(B)においては、冷却液の非安定的な温度を括弧書きで示している。
上述のように、図1の車両用空調装置100によれば、外気温が低く、エンジン冷却液の温度が余り高くない場合でも、高い効率で車室内の暖房を行うことができる。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態の車両用空調装置を示す構成図である。
11 サブエバポレータ(第2水冷媒熱交換器)
12 サブコンデンサ(第1水冷媒熱交換器)
13 開閉弁
14 電磁弁付き膨張弁
16,16A ウォータポンプ(流量調整手段)
17 ウォータポンプ
36 制御部
37 膨張弁
38 コンプレッサ
39 室外コンデンサ
40 エンジン冷却部
44 ヒーターコア
48 エバポレータ
70 HVAC
Claims (9)
- 高温の冷却液が流されて車室内へ送られる空気に熱を与えるヒーターコアと、
冷却液とヒートポンプにおける高温高圧の冷媒との間で熱を交換して冷媒を凝縮させる第1水冷媒熱交換器と、
前記第1水冷媒熱交換器および前記ヒーターコアを流れる冷却液の流量を調整する流量調整手段と、
空調制御を行う制御部と、
を具備し、
前記制御部は、前記流量調整手段を制御し、前記ヒートポンプの起動から所定期間、冷却液の流量を標準運転時の第一の流量より低い第二の流量に設定する車両用空調装置。 - 前記第1水冷媒熱交換器は、前記ヒーターコアとの間で冷却液を循環し、循環された冷却液と前記ヒートポンプにおける高温高圧の冷媒との間で熱を交換して冷媒を凝縮させる、
請求項1記載の車両用空調装置。 - 車両の発熱部品と熱交換可能に冷却液を流す部品冷却通路と、
前記部品冷却通路との間で冷却液を循環し、循環された冷却液と前記ヒートポンプにおける低温低圧の冷媒との間で熱を交換して冷媒を気化させる第2水冷媒熱交換器と、
を更に具備する請求項2記載の車両用空調装置。 - 車両の発熱部品と熱交換可能に冷却液を流す部品冷却通路と、
冷却液と前記ヒートポンプにおける低温低圧の冷媒との間で熱を交換して冷媒を気化させる第2水冷媒熱交換器と、
を更に具備し、
前記部品冷却通路、前記第1水冷媒熱交換器、前記ヒーターコア、および、前記第2水冷媒熱交換器に冷却液が循環して流れる、
請求項1記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記所定期間は、前記第1水冷媒熱交換器の冷却液が閾値温度に上昇するまでの期間である、
請求項1から請求項4の何れか一項に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記閾値温度は外気温に応じて値が変更される、
請求項5記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記第二の流量とは略ゼロの流量である、
請求項1から請求項6の何れか一項に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記第2水冷媒熱交換器は、前記ヒーターコアを介さずに、前記部品冷却通路との間で冷却液を循環可能に接続されている、
請求項3記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記流量調整手段は、ウォータポンプであり、
前記第一の流量および前記第二の流量は、前記ウォータポンプの回転数により決定される、
請求項1から請求項8の何れか一項に記載の車両用空調装置。
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JP2015504180A JP6388213B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-03-05 | 車両用空調装置 |
EP14759689.4A EP2965931A4 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-03-05 | AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE FOR VEHICLE |
US14/770,533 US20160001636A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-03-05 | Vehicle air conditioning device |
CN201480012057.1A CN105026193B (zh) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-03-05 | 车辆用空调装置 |
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JP2013044139 | 2013-03-06 |
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US (1) | US20160001636A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2965931A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6388213B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105026193B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014136447A1 (ja) |
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CN113316522A (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-08-27 | 三电汽车空调***株式会社 | 车用空调装置 |
JP7349246B2 (ja) | 2019-01-30 | 2023-09-22 | サンデン株式会社 | 車両用空気調和装置 |
CN113316522B (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2024-07-09 | 三电株式会社 | 车用空调装置 |
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JP6388213B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
CN105026193B (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
CN105026193A (zh) | 2015-11-04 |
EP2965931A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
US20160001636A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
EP2965931A4 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
JPWO2014136447A1 (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
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