WO2014121704A1 - 列车用浮动式制动闸片 - Google Patents

列车用浮动式制动闸片 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014121704A1
WO2014121704A1 PCT/CN2014/071451 CN2014071451W WO2014121704A1 WO 2014121704 A1 WO2014121704 A1 WO 2014121704A1 CN 2014071451 W CN2014071451 W CN 2014071451W WO 2014121704 A1 WO2014121704 A1 WO 2014121704A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spherical
support
brake pad
friction
positioning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/071451
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴佩芳
Original Assignee
北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司 filed Critical 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司
Priority to KR1020157024315A priority Critical patent/KR101899874B1/ko
Priority to EA201500829A priority patent/EA029606B1/ru
Priority to DE112014000704.8T priority patent/DE112014000704T5/de
Priority to ES201590084A priority patent/ES2553928B1/es
Publication of WO2014121704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014121704A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61HBRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H5/00Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04Attachment of linings
    • F16D69/0408Attachment of linings specially adapted for plane linings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04Attachment of linings
    • F16D2069/0425Attachment methods or devices
    • F16D2069/0433Connecting elements not integral with the braking member, e.g. bolts, rivets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04Attachment of linings
    • F16D2069/0425Attachment methods or devices
    • F16D2069/0441Mechanical interlocking, e.g. roughened lining carrier, mating profiles on friction material and lining carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a floating brake pad for trains, belonging to the technical field of train braking.
  • the disc brake structure mainly comprises a brake disc and a brake pad.
  • the above brake structure rubs the friction between the brake disc and the brake disc, and consumes the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle or the device to stop the train.
  • the brake ram is generally used in the manner of fixed connection of the rivet, when braking, the friction block on the brake pad and the brake disc are not completely fitted, so that the force cannot be averaged.
  • the function of the friction block and the brake disc causes cracks, falling blocks and defects at the high stress point of the brake pad, resulting in local high temperature zone, shortening the service life of the brake pad and affecting the braking effect. .
  • Cik Patent No. CN102384195A discloses a combined floating brake pad which is a brake block assembly symmetrically arranged on a pallet, the brake block assembly comprising: a brake block and a bottom plate Sintered as a friction block, a convex seat, a concave seat, a connecting rod and a pin, the convex seat is fixed on the bottom plate of the friction block, and a concave spherical surface concave seat which is rotated in cooperation with the convex spherical surface is mounted on the convex spherical surface of the convex seat .
  • the above-mentioned combined floating brake pad can form a floating structure between the friction block and the bottom plate by fixing the convex seat on the bottom plate of the friction block and providing a concave seat seat matched between the bottom plate and the convex seat. Balance the brake pressure on the pallet.
  • the above structure has the following problems: 1.
  • the convex seat does not have elasticity, and the free adjustment of the friction block in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction cannot be simultaneously satisfied, and the friction block is difficult to freely adjust to the optimal working surface; 2.
  • the friction block and the convex seat The connection structure between the two causes friction between the friction block and the convex seat, which reduces the service life of the friction block.
  • the Chinese patent document CN102401047 discloses an elastic support piece including a spherical support surface portion, a central guide hole portion, and a fixed support pawl portion. .
  • the friction block of the brake piece can be freely adjusted not only in the spherical supporting surface of the elastic supporting piece when the train is braking, but also satisfies the position adjustment in the horizontal direction of the supporting piece.
  • the support piece has structural elasticity, which can satisfy the positional adjustment of the friction block in the vertical direction of the support piece, Increase the effective friction area of the friction block and the brake disc.
  • the fixed pawl and the spherical supporting surface in the technical solution pass through a right angle transition with a certain angle, and when the friction block is subjected to strong pressure brought by high-speed braking, the angle of the transition surface is greatly cut. The stress causes the partial pawl not to extend outward but to bend inward, thereby invalidating the support of the corresponding portion, and even causing the pawl of the portion to be broken and damaged.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the elastic support member portion of the existing train brake pad does not extend outward and is bent inward, so that the support of the corresponding portion fails, thereby providing a stable A brake pad that reliably fits the friction block to the brake disc.
  • the floating brake pad for train of the present invention comprises a back plate, and the two back plates are spliced into a brake back plate; the back plate is formed with a plurality of positioning holes; a block, the friction portion, a positioning portion inserted into the positioning hole, and a support portion disposed between the friction portion and the positioning portion, the support portion is a spherical structure, and the ball portion of the support portion faces The positioning portion protrudes in a direction; a plurality of snap springs are coupled to the positioning portion, and the friction block is coupled to the back plate with a certain amount of floating.
  • the elastic support piece disposed between the friction block and the back plate, the elastic support piece includes: a spherical support surface, which is in close contact with the support portion; a guiding hole passing through the positioning portion; a supporting pawl disposed outside the spherical supporting surface, the supporting pawl extending from an edge of the spherical supporting surface toward a bottom of the spherical supporting surface and inclined away from the guiding a connecting direction of the supporting pawl and an edge of the spherical supporting surface are connected by a smooth transition section, and a supporting edge of the supporting pawl opposite to the connecting edge extends beyond the spherical supporting surface bottom.
  • the back plate is welded or riveted with a dovetail plate on a side away from the friction block.
  • the friction block is integrally sintered by the friction body, the positioning member and the support plate, wherein the friction body constitutes the friction portion, and the support plate is a thin plate having a spherical structure in the middle, wherein the outer spherical portion constitutes the support
  • the positioning portion is formed at one end of the positioning member, the positioning portion passes through the support plate and is inserted into the positioning hole, and the other end is connected to the friction body.
  • the elastic support piece is placed on the flat hole, and the diameter of the flat hole is slightly larger than the outer side of the elastic support piece path.
  • the circlip is formed by spring steel bending, and includes two legs and a circular collar.
  • the circular collar is engaged in the positioning slot of the positioning portion.
  • the support pawl comprises: a section of conical connecting surface and a section of cylindrical supporting surface, the connecting surface and the supporting surface transitioning through a circular arc.
  • the connecting surface has a taper angle of 90-150°.
  • the spherical supporting surface is composed of an edge spherical portion having a radius of curvature smaller than a radius of curvature of the bottom spherical portion, and a bottom spherical portion having a radius of curvature of the bottom spherical portion and the supporting portion of the friction block Contact, and a gap is left between the bottom spherical portion and the support portion of the friction block.
  • the spherical support surface is composed of a length of spherical surface that is in surface contact with the support portion of the friction block.
  • the adjacent support pawls are transitioned through a U-shaped opening, and the bottom of the U-shaped opening has a certain distance from the smooth transition section.
  • the floating brake pad for train of the present invention wherein an elastic support piece is disposed between the friction block and the back plate, the elastic support piece includes a spherical support surface and a support pawl, and the support a pawl extending from an edge of the spherical supporting surface toward a bottom of the spherical supporting surface and inclined away from the guiding hole, and a connecting edge of the supporting pawl and an edge of the spherical supporting surface are connected by a smooth transition section
  • the supporting edge of the supporting pawl opposite to the connecting edge extends beyond the bottom of the spherical supporting surface, and the smooth transition can make the stress better average without causing local breakage, and avoiding the elastic supporting piece Supporting the pawl to bend inward causes the support to fail.
  • a supporting edge on the supporting pawl opposite to the connecting edge extends beyond the bottom of the spherical supporting surface, so that the bottom of the spherical supporting surface is in a suspended state when unstressed, forming a floating structure, When the elastic support piece is stressed, it can provide a greater amount of elasticity.
  • the friction block of the floating brake pad for train of the present invention is integrally sintered by the friction body, the positioning member and the support plate, and the friction body, the positioning member and the support plate are integrally formed by sintering, thereby avoiding the friction body and Wear occurs between the positioning members, causing a problem that the service life of the friction blocks is lowered.
  • the floating plate of the floating brake pad for train of the present invention is formed with a plurality of flat holes, and the diameter of the flat hole for placing the elastic support piece is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the elastic support piece.
  • the pawl of the elastic support piece can provide sufficient expansion space when being extended outward by stress, and can also prevent the elastic support piece from being deformed and deformed due to excessive outward extension of the pawl, and the external force cannot be recovered after being removed.
  • the supporting pawl of the elastic supporting piece in the floating brake pad for train of the present invention comprises a conical connecting surface and a cylindrical supporting surface, and the connecting surface and the supporting surface are transitioned by a circular arc.
  • the supporting pawl is composed of a circular conical connecting surface and a cylindrical supporting surface which are transitioned through a circular arc, and can well receive the stress uniformly and avoid the partial breakage of the elastic supporting piece.
  • the adjacent support pawls of the elastic support piece are transitioned through the U-shaped opening, and the mouth bottom of the U-shaped opening has a certain distance from the smooth transition section.
  • the U-shaped opening allows the respective supporting pawls to not interfere with each other when extending outward, and can be well buffered when subjected to stress in different directions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a back plate of a floating brake pad for a train of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing the splicing of two back plates of the floating brake pad for trains according to the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic structural view showing a dovetail plate of a floating brake pad for a train mounted on a back plate of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the floating brake pad for a train of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a friction block of a floating brake pad for a train of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the back plate of the floating brake pad for train of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a circlip of a floating brake pad for a train according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the elastic support piece of the floating brake pad for train of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the elastic supporting piece of the floating brake pad for trains in Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an elastic supporting piece of the floating brake pad for trains in Embodiment 2;
  • 3a-friction body 32-positioning portion; 320-positioning card slot; 3b-positioning member; 33-support portion; 3c-support plate; 4-circle spring; 41-leg; 42-circular collar.
  • FIG. 1-9 shows a floating brake pad for a train according to the present invention, which includes: a back plate 1 formed with a plurality of positioning holes 11, and two of the back plates 1 are spliced into a back plate of the brake; a friction block 3, comprising: a friction portion 31, a positioning portion 32 inserted into the positioning hole 11, and a support portion 33 disposed between the friction portion 31 and the positioning portion 32, the support portion 33 being a spherical surface a structure, the ball of the support portion 33 protrudes toward the positioning portion 32; a plurality of circlips 4, the circlip 4 of the circlip 4 is engaged with the positioning portion 32, and the friction block 3 has a certain floating
  • the elastic support piece 2 is disposed between the friction block 3 and the back plate 1 , and the elastic support piece 2 includes: a spherical support surface 21, The supporting portion 33 is affixed and connected, and the bottom of the spherical supporting surface 21 is provided with a guiding hole 211 adapted to
  • brake pressure acts on the backing plate 1 and is transmitted to the friction block 3 through a plurality of elastic support pieces 2, and the friction blocks 3 are smoothly fitted to the brake disk to perform braking. Since the spherical supporting surface 21 of the elastic supporting piece 2 is in contact with the supporting portion 33 of the friction block 3, the brake pad can realize three-way micro-rotation to make friction The frictional working surface of the block is in contact with the brake disc to the greatest extent, preventing the problem of eccentric wear of the friction block.
  • the dovetail plate 1 is also fixed with a dovetail plate 8 on a side away from the friction block 2.
  • the manner of fixing the dovetail plate 8 includes, but is not limited to, welding or riveting.
  • the dovetail plate 8 is provided with a riveting hole, and the dovetail plate 8 is mounted on the back plate 1 by rivets. on.
  • the friction block 3 is not uniquely formed.
  • the friction block 3 is The friction body 3a, the positioning member 3b and the support plate 3c are integrally formed by sintering, wherein the friction body 3a constitutes the friction portion 31, and the support plate 3c is a thin plate having a spherical structure in the middle, wherein the outer spherical portion constitutes the
  • the support portion 33 has an outer shape conforming to the outer shape of the friction block 3; one end of the positioning member 3b forms the positioning portion 32, and the positioning portion 32 passes through the support plate 3c and is inserted into the positioning hole 11 The other end is connected to the friction body 3a.
  • Such an embodiment avoids the problem that wear between the friction body and the positioning member is caused to cause a decrease in the service life of the friction block.
  • the shape of the friction block 3 is not unique, as long as the mutual friction between the adjacent friction blocks is ensured, and the horizontal locking of the friction block 3 in the mounting plane of the back plate 1 is achieved.
  • the friction surface of the friction block 3 located at the middle of the back plate of the shutter has two parallel straight sides, and the two ends of the parallel straight sides are connected by a circular arc;
  • the curved portions of the backing plate 1 are substantially fitted; the straight side portions are locked to each other, so that the friction blocks 3 can only be slightly offset, and cannot be rotated in the horizontal direction.
  • the friction block 3 located at the end of the shutter back plate is a block having a pentagonal cross section with an arc curved, wherein the curved edge is close to the curved portion of the back plate 1, and other straight sides
  • the straight edges of the adjacent friction blocks 3 are interlocked with each other, so that the friction blocks 3 can only be slightly displaced, and cannot be rotated in the horizontal direction.
  • the forming manner of the circlip 4 is not unique.
  • This embodiment provides a specific design. As shown in FIG. 7, the circlip 4 is folded by a spring steel. The bending is formed, which includes two legs 41 and a circular collar 42 . The circular collar 42 is engaged in the positioning slot 320 of the positioning portion 32 .
  • the back plate 1 is formed with a plurality of flat holes 12 coaxial with the positioning holes 11, and the elastic support piece 2 is placed on the flat hole 12, and the diameter of the flat hole 12 is slightly larger than The outer diameter of the elastic support piece 2 is described.
  • the support pawl 22 can be configured as follows: As shown in FIG. 9, the support pawl 22 is composed of a section The conical connecting surface a and a cylindrical supporting surface b are formed, and the connecting surface a and the supporting surface b are transitioned by a circular arc. Wherein, the taper angle of the connecting surface a is not unique, and may take any value of 90-150°. In the embodiment, a preferred design is provided, and the taper angle of the connecting surface a is 130°. . Similarly, for the purpose of implementing the invention, the branch The number of the supporting pawls 22 is also not unique. In this embodiment, a specific design is provided in which four of the supporting pawls 22 are symmetrically disposed along the outer side of the spherical supporting surface 21.
  • the spherical support surface 21 is composed of an edge spherical portion c and a bottom spherical portion d, and the radius of curvature of the edge spherical portion c is smaller than the bottom spherical portion. a radius of curvature of d, the edge spherical portion c is in direct contact with the support portion 33 of the friction block 3, and a gap is left between the bottom spherical portion d and the support portion 33 of the friction block 3 .
  • the respective supporting pawls In order to prevent the respective supporting pawls from interfering with each other when extending outward, they can respectively perform a good buffering action when subjected to stresses in different directions, and the adjacent supporting pawls 22 are transitioned through the U-shaped opening 223.
  • the bottom of the U-shaped opening 223 has a certain distance from the smooth transition section 23.
  • Embodiment 1 is basically the same as the structure of Embodiment 1, and the differences are as follows:
  • the spherical supporting surface 21 is composed of a spherical surface, and the spherical supporting surface 21 is in surface contact with the supporting portion 33 of the friction block 3 instead of the first embodiment.
  • the spherical support surface 21 is composed of the edge spherical portion c and the bottom spherical portion d.
  • the spherical support surface 21 is disposed in such a manner that the processing operation of the elastic support sheet is more convenient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

列车用浮动式制动闸片,包括背板(1)、摩擦块(3)、卡簧(4)以及设置于所述摩擦块(3)与所述背板(1)之间的弹性支撑片(2),弹性支撑片(2)包括球形支撑面(21)和设置于球形支撑面(21)外侧的支撑棘爪(22)。球形支撑面(21)与摩擦块(3)的球形支撑部(33)贴合;球形支撑面(33)的底部中心成型有适于摩擦块(3)的定位部穿过的导向孔(211);支撑棘爪(22)从球形支撑面(21)的边缘向球形支撑面(21)的底部并倾向远离导向孔(211)方向延伸,支撑棘爪(22)的连接缘(221)与球形支撑面(21)的边缘(212)通过平滑过渡段(23)连接,支撑棘爪(22)与支撑缘(222)延伸超过球形支撑面(21)的底部。该列车用浮动式制动闸片,解决了制动闸片的弹性支撑件(2)部分棘爪不向外伸张反而向内弯折的问题,在受到应力时弹性支撑片(2)能沿支撑棘爪(22)的方向向外伸张,避免了相应部分的支撑失效。

Description

列车用浮动式制动闸片 技术领域
本发明涉及一种列车用浮动式制动闸片, 属于列车制动技术领域。
背景技术
目前, 在高速列车制动器中, 通常采用的是盘式制动结构。 盘式制动结构主要包括制 动盘和制动闸片, 上述制动结构通过制动盘与制动闸片的相互摩擦, 消耗了运动车辆或设 备的动能, 使列车停止运动。 但是, 由于制动闸片普遍采用的是铆钉固定连接的方式, 所 以在制动时, 易出现制动闸片上的摩擦块与制动盘之间不能完全贴合的现象, 使作用力不 能平均的作用在摩擦块与制动盘上, 从而造成制动闸片的高应力作用点出现裂纹、 掉块、 缺损, 产生局部高温区、 减短了制动闸片的使用寿命, 影响制动效果。
为解决上述问题, 中国专利 CN102384195A公开一种组合浮动式制动闸片, 该制动闸 片是在托板上对称排列分布的制动块组件, 制动块组件包括: 由制动块和底板烧结为一体 的摩擦块、 凸面座、 凹面座、 连杆和销钉, 凸面座固接在摩擦块的底板上, 在凸面座的凸 球面上装设与凸球面形相配合转动的凹球面形的凹面座。 上述组合浮动式制动闸片, 通过 将凸面座固接在摩擦块底板上, 并在底板与凸面座之间设置与之相配合的凹面座, 使摩擦 块与底板间形成浮动式结构, 可以均衡作用在托板上的制动压力。 但是上述结构存在以下 问题: 1.凸面座不具有弹性, 无法同时满足摩擦块在垂直方向和水平方向上的自由调整, 摩擦块很难自由调整到最佳工作面; 2.摩擦块与凸面座之间的连接结构会导致摩擦块与凸 面座之间产生摩擦力, 使摩擦块的使用寿命降低。
为解决不具有弹性的结构很难使摩擦块自由调整到最佳工作面的问题, 中国专利文献 CN102401047公开了一种弹性支撑片, 包括球形支撑面部分、 中心导向孔部分以及固定支 撑棘爪部分。 通过将上述弹性支撑片安装在摩擦块与底板之间, 可使列车在制动时, 闸片 的摩擦块不仅能在弹性支撑片球形支撑面内自由调整, 满足支撑片水平方向上的位置调整 以及一定程度上的与支撑片垂直的方向上的位置调整, 并且由于固定支撑棘爪的设置, 使 支撑片带有了结构上的弹性, 可满足摩擦块在支撑片垂直方向上的位置调整, 提高摩擦块 与制动盘的有效摩擦面积。 但是, 该技术方案中的固定棘爪与球形支撑面之间通过具有一 定角度的直角过渡, 当摩擦块在受到高速制动带来的强大压力时, 所述过渡面的夹角处产 生较大切应力, 从而导致部分棘爪不向外伸张反而向内弯折, 使相应部分的支撑失效, 甚 至导致该部分的棘爪折断损坏。 发明内容
为此, 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于现有列车制动闸片的弹性支撑件部分棘爪不向 外伸张反而向内弯折, 使得相应部分的支撑失效的问题, 进而提供一种能稳定可靠地使摩 擦块与制动盘良好贴合的制动闸片。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 包括背板, 两个所述背板拼 接成闸片背板; 所述背板上成型有多个定位孔; 若干个摩擦块, 其包括, 摩擦部, ***所 述定位孔的定位部以及设置于所述摩擦部和所述定位部之间的支撑部, 所述支撑部为球面 结构, 所述支撑部的球面向所述定位部方向凸出; 若干个卡簧, 其卡接于所述定位部上, 将所述摩擦块具有一定浮动量地连接于所述背板上。
还包括设置于所述摩擦块与所述背板之间的弹性支撑片, 所述弹性支撑片包括: 球形 支撑面, 与所述支撑部贴合连接; 所述球形支撑面的底部设有适于所述定位部穿过的导向 孔; 设置于所述球形支撑面外侧的支撑棘爪, 所述支撑棘爪从所述球形支撑面的边缘向所 述球形支撑面底部并倾向远离所述导向孔方向延伸; 所述支撑棘爪的连接缘与所述球形支 撑面的边缘通过平滑过渡段连接, 所述支撑棘爪上与所述连接缘相对的支撑缘延伸至超过 所述球形支撑面的底部。
所述背板在远离所述摩擦块的一侧面上焊接或铆接有燕尾板。
所述摩擦块为由摩擦体, 定位件以及支撑板一体烧结成型, 其中, 所述摩擦体构成所 述摩擦部, 所述支撑板为中部为球面结构的薄板, 其中外球面部分构成所述支撑部; 所述 定位件的一端成型所述定位部, 所述定位部穿过所述支撑板并***所述定位孔内, 另一端 与所述摩擦体连接。
所述背板上成型有多个与所述定位孔同轴的锪平孔, 所述锪平孔上放置所述弹性支撑 片, 所述锪平孔的直径略大于所述弹性支撑片的外径。
所述卡簧由弹簧钢折弯成型, 其包括两条支腿以及圆形卡圈, 所述圆形卡圈卡接于所 述定位部的定位卡槽内。
所述支撑棘爪包括: 一段圆锥形的连接面和一段圆柱形的支撑面, 所述连接面与所述 支撑面通过圆弧过渡。
所述连接面的锥角为 90-150° 。
所述球形支撑面, 由边缘球面部分和底部球面部分组成, 所述边缘球面部分的曲率半 径小于所述底部球面部分的曲率半径, 所述边缘球面部分与所述摩擦块的所述支撑部面接 触, 而所述底部球面部分与所述摩擦块的所述支撑部之间留有间隙。
所述球形支撑面由一段球面组成,所述球形支撑面与所述摩擦块的所述支撑部面接触。 相邻的所述支撑棘爪之间通过 U型开口过渡,所述 U型开口的口底与所述平滑过渡段 具有一定间距。
沿所述球形支撑面的外侧对称设置 4个所述支撑棘爪。
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点:
( 1)本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片,在所述摩擦块与所述背板之间设置了弹性支撑片, 所述弹性支撑片包括球形支撑面和支撑棘爪, 所述支撑棘爪从所述球形支撑面的边缘向所 述球形支撑面底部并倾向远离所述导向孔方向延伸, 所述支撑棘爪的连接缘与所述球形支 撑面的边缘通过平滑过渡段连接, 所述支撑棘爪上与所述连接缘相对的支撑缘延伸至超过 所述球形支撑面的底部, 平滑过渡可使应力更好的平均, 不会造成局部折损的现象, 避免 了弹性支撑片的支撑棘爪向内折弯导致支撑失效的问题。 在所述支撑棘爪上与所述连接缘 相对的支撑缘延伸至超过所述球形支撑面的底部, 使球形支撑面的底部在不受应力时处于 悬空状态, 形成了浮动式的结构, 在弹性支撑片受到应力时, 能提供更大的弹性量。
( 2) 本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的摩擦块为由摩擦体, 定位件以及支撑板一体烧 结成型, 摩擦体、 定位件以及支撑板通过烧结成型为一体, 可避免摩擦体与定位件之间产 生磨损, 造成摩擦块的使用寿命降低的问题。
( 3 ) 本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的背板上成型有多个锪平孔, 用于放置所述弹性 支撑片的锪平孔直径设置为略大于弹性支撑片的外径, 可为弹性支撑片的棘爪在受应力向 外延伸时提供足够的伸展空间, 同时也能防止棘爪过度向外延伸造成弹性支撑片变形失效、 外力撤去后无法回复。
(4) 本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片中弹性支撑片的支撑棘爪包括一段圆锥形的连接 面和一段圆柱形的支撑面, 连接面与支撑面通过圆弧过渡。 支撑棘爪由通过圆弧过渡的圆 锥形连接面和圆柱形支撑面组成, 可以很好的均匀受到的应力, 避免弹性支撑片的局部出 现折损的现象。
( 5 )本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片中, 弹性支撑片的相邻支撑棘爪之间通过 U型开 口过渡, U型开口的口底与所述平滑过渡段具有一定间距。 U型开口可使各个支撑棘爪在 向外延伸时不互相干扰, 受到不同方向的应力时能分别起到很好的缓冲作用。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解,下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明, 其中
图 1 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的一个背板的结构示意图;
图 2 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的两个背板拼接为整体的结构示意图; 图 3 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的燕尾板安装在背板上的结构示意图; 图 4 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的局部剖视图;
图 5 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的摩擦块的结构示意图;
图 6 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的背板的局部剖视图;
图 7 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的卡簧的结构示意图;
图 8 是本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片的弹性支撑片的立体图;
图 9 是实施例 1中的列车用浮动式制动闸片的弹性支撑片的剖视图;
图 10 是实施例 2中的列车用浮动式制动闸片的弹性支撑片的剖视图;
图中附图标记表示为: 1-背板; 11-定位孔; 12-锪平孔; 2-弹性支撑片; 21-球形支撑面;
211-导向孔; 212-边缘; 22-支撑棘爪; 221-连接缘; 222-支撑缘; 223-U型开口; a-连接面; b-支撑面; c-边缘球面部分; d-底部球面部分; 23-平滑过渡段; 3-摩擦块; 31-摩擦部;
3a-摩擦体; 32-定位部; 320-定位卡槽; 3b-定位件; 33-支撑部; 3c-支撑板; 4-卡簧; 41- 支腿; 42-圆形卡圈。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图, 使用以下实施例对本发明进行进一步阐述。
实施例 1
如图 1-9所示为本发明的列车用浮动式制动闸片,其包括:成型有多个定位孔 11的背板 1, 两个所述背板 1拼接成闸片背板; 若干个摩擦块 3, 其包括, 摩擦部 31, ***所述定位孔 11的定位部 32以及设置于所述摩擦部 31和所述定位部 32之间的支撑部 33, 所述支撑部 33为球面结构, 所述支撑部 33的球面向所述定位部 32方向凸出; 若干个卡簧 4, 其所述 卡簧 4卡接于所述定位部 32上,将所述摩擦块 3具有一定浮动量地连接于所述背板 1上; 还包括设置于所述摩擦块 3与所述背板 1之间的弹性支撑片 2, 所述弹性支撑片 2包括: 球形支撑面 21, 与所述支撑部 33贴合连接, 所述球形支撑面 21的底部设有适于所述定位 部 32穿过的导向孔 211; 设置于所述球形支撑面 21外侧的支撑棘爪 22, 所述支撑棘爪 22 从所述球形支撑面 21的边缘 212向所述球形支撑面 21底部并倾向远离所述导向孔 211方 向延伸; 所述支撑棘爪 22的连接缘 221与所述球形支撑面 21的边缘通过平滑过渡段 23 连接, 所述支撑棘爪 22上与所述连接缘 221相对的支撑缘 222延伸至超过所述球形支撑 面 21的底部。
当制动装置工作时, 制动压力作用在所述背板 1上, 通过若干弹性支撑片 2传递到所 述摩擦块 3上, 若干摩擦块 3平稳贴合制动盘实施制动。 由于所述弹性支撑片 2的球形支 撑面 21与所述摩擦块 3的支撑部 33接触使得闸片摩擦块可实现三向微量转动, 以使摩擦 块的摩擦工作面最大程度地与制动盘接触, 防止摩擦块偏磨的问题。
所述背板 1在远离所述摩擦块 2的一侧面上还固定有燕尾板 8。 其中, 所述燕尾板 8 的固定方式包括但不限于焊接或铆接, 在本实施例中, 所述燕尾板 8上设有铆接孔, 通过 铆钉将所述燕尾板 8安装在所述背板 1上。
需要说明的是, 对于实现本发明的目的来说, 所述摩擦块 3的成型方式并不唯一, 本 实施例提供一种优选的实施方式, 如图 5所示, 所述摩擦块 3为由摩擦体 3a, 定位件 3b 以及支撑板 3c—体烧结成型, 其中, 所述摩擦体 3a构成所述摩擦部 31, 所述支撑板 3c 为中部为球面结构的薄板, 其中外球面部分构成所述支撑部 33, 其外形与所述摩擦块 3的 外形一致; 所述定位件 3b的一端成型所述定位部 32, 所述定位部 32穿过所述支撑板 3c 并***所述定位孔 11内, 另一端与所述摩擦体 3a连接。 这样的实施方式可避免摩擦体与 定位件之间产生磨损而造成摩擦块的使用寿命降低的问题。
同时, 所述摩擦块 3的形状也不唯一, 其只要保证相邻的摩擦块之间互相啮合, 实现 所述摩擦块 3在所述背板 1的安装平面内水平方向的锁定。 在本实施例中, 位于所述闸片 背板的中部的所述摩擦块 3的摩擦面具有两条平行的直边,平行的直边两端通过圆弧连接; 具有弧形的边与所述背板 1的弧形部分基本贴合; 直边部分互相锁定, 使所述摩擦块 3只 能微量偏移, 而不能在水平方向上转动。 位于所述闸片背板的端部的所述摩擦块 3为具有 一条边为弧形的五边形截面的块体, 其中弧形边靠近所述背板 1的弧形部分, 其他直边与 相邻的所述摩擦块 3的直边互相锁定, 使所述摩擦块 3只能微量偏移, 而不能在水平方向 上转动。
同样的, 对于实现本发明的目的来说, 所述卡簧 4的成型方式也不唯一, 本实施例提 供一种具体的设计方式, 如图 7所示, 所述卡簧 4由弹簧钢折弯成型, 其包括两条支腿 41 以及圆形卡圈 42, 所述圆形卡圈 42卡接于所述定位部 32的定位卡槽 320内。
为了能在弹性支撑片的棘爪在受应力向外延伸时具有足够的伸展空间, 同时也防止棘 爪过度向外延伸造成弹性支撑片变形失效、 外力撤去后无法回复, 如图 5所示, 所述背板 1上成型有多个与所述定位孔 11同轴的锪平孔 12, 所述锪平孔 12上放置所述弹性支撑片 2, 所述锪平孔 12的直径略大于所述弹性支撑片 2的外径。
为了更好的均匀支撑棘爪受到的应力, 避免弹性支撑片的局部出现折损的现象, 所述 支撑棘爪 22可设置为以下结构: 如图 9所示, 所述支撑棘爪 22由一段圆锥形的连接面 a 和一段圆柱形的支撑面 b组成, 所述连接面 a与所述支撑面 b通过圆弧过渡。 其中, 所述 连接面 a的锥角并不唯一, 可以取 90-150° 中的任意值, 在本实施例中, 提供一种优选的 设计方式, 所述连接面 a的锥角为 130° 。 同样的, 对于实现本发明的目的来说, 所述支 撑棘爪 22的数量也不唯一, 本实施例中提供一种具体的设计方式, 沿所述球形支撑面 21 的外侧对称设置 4个所述支撑棘爪 22。
为了使摩擦块的水平偏移更加灵活, 本实施例中, 所述球形支撑面 21, 由边缘球面部 分 c和底部球面部分 d组成, 所述边缘球面部分 c的曲率半径小于所述底部球面部分 d的 曲率半径,所述边缘球面部分 c与所述摩擦块 3的所述支撑部 33直接接触,而所述底部球 面部分 d与所述摩擦块 3的所述支撑部 33之间留有间隙。
为使各个支撑棘爪在向外延伸时不互相干扰, 受到不同方向的应力时能分别起到很好 的缓冲作用, 相邻的所述支撑棘爪 22之间通过 U型开口 223过渡, 所述 U型开口 223的 口底与所述平滑过渡段 23具有一定间距。
实施例 2
本实施例与实施例 1的结构基本相同, 存在的区别点在于:
如图 10所示, 在本实施例中, 所述球形支撑面 21 由一段球面组成, 所述球形支撑面 21 与所述摩擦块 3的所述支撑部 33面接触,以取代实施例 1中的由边缘球面部分 c和底部球 面部分 d组成所述球形支撑面 21, 本实施例中, 所述球形支撑面 21的设置方式, 使弹性 支撑片的加工操作更加方便。
显然, 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例, 而并非对实施方式的限定。 对于 所属领域的普通技术人员来说, 在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变 动。 这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。 而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变 动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种列车用浮动式制动闸片, 包括:
背板(1), 两个所述背板(1)拼接成闸片背板; 所述背板(1)上成型有多个定位孔(11); 若干个摩擦块 (3), 其包括, 摩擦部 (31), ***所述定位孔 (11) 的定位部 (32) 以及设 置于所述摩擦部 (31) 和所述定位部 (32) 之间的支撑部 (33), 所述支撑部 (33) 为球面 结构, 所述支撑部 (33) 的球面向所述定位部 (32) 方向凸出;
若干个卡簧 (4), 其卡接于所述定位部 (32) 上, 将所述摩擦块 (3) 具有一定浮动量地连 接于所述背板 (1) 上; 其特征在于,
还包括设置于所述摩擦块(3)与所述背板( 1)之间的弹性支撑片(2),所述弹性支撑片(2) 包括:
球形支撑面 (21), 与所述支撑部 (33) 贴合连接; 所述球形支撑面 (21) 的底部设有适于 所述定位部 (32) 穿过的导向孔 (211);
设置于所述球形支撑面 (21) 外侧的支撑棘爪 (22), 所述支撑棘爪 (22) 从所述球形支撑 面 (21) 的边缘 (212) 向所述球形支撑面 (21)底部并倾向远离所述导向孔 (211)方向延 伸; 所述支撑棘爪 (22) 的连接缘 (221) 与所述球形支撑面 (21) 的边缘通过平滑过渡段 (23)连接, 所述支撑棘爪 (22)上与所述连接缘(221)相对的支撑缘(222)延伸至超过 所述球形支撑面 (21) 的底部。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于, 所述背板(1)在远离所述 摩擦块 (2) 的一侧面上焊接或铆接有燕尾板 (8)。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于, 所述摩擦块(3)为由 摩擦体 (3a), 定位件 (3b) 以及支撑板 (3c) —体烧结成型, 其中, 所述摩擦体 (3a) 构 成所述摩擦部 (31), 所述支撑板 (3c) 为中部为球面结构的薄板, 其中外球面部分构成所 述支撑部 (33); 所述定位件 (3b) 的一端成型所述定位部 (32), 所述定位部 (32) 穿过所 述支撑板 (3c) 并***所述定位孔 (11) 内, 另一端与所述摩擦体 (3a) 连接。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于, 所述背板 (1) 上成型有多个与所述定位孔 (11) 同轴的锪平孔 (12), 所述锪平孔 (12) 上放置所述弹性 支撑片 (2), 所述锪平孔 (12) 的直径略大于所述弹性支撑片 (2) 的外径。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4任意一项所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于, 所述卡簧 (4) 由弹簧钢折弯成型, 其包括两条支腿 (41) 以及圆形卡圈 (42), 所述圆形卡圈 (42) 卡接 于所述定位部 (32) 的定位卡槽 (320) 内。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5任意一项所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于, 所述支撑棘爪 (22)包括: 一段圆锥形的连接面 (a)和一段圆柱形的支撑面 (b), 所述连接面 (a)与所 述支撑面 (b) 通过圆弧过渡。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于, 所述连接面(a)的锥角为 90-150° 。
8. 根据权利要求 1-7任意一项所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于: 所述球形支撑 面 (21), 由边缘球面部分 (c)和底部球面部分 (d) 组成, 所述边缘球面部分 (c) 的曲率 半径小于所述底部球面部分 (d) 的曲率半径, 所述边缘球面部分 (c) 与所述摩擦块 (3) 的所述支撑部(33)面接触,而所述底部球面部分(d)与所述摩擦块(3)的所述支撑部(33) 之间留有间隙。
9. 根据权利要求 1-7任意一项所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片, 其特征在于: 所述球形支撑 面 (21) 由一段球面组成, 所述球形支撑面 (21) 与所述摩擦块 (3) 的所述支撑部 (33) 面接触。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9任意一项所述的列车用浮动式制动闸片,其特征在于: 沿所述球形支 撑面 (21) 的外侧对称设置 4个所述支撑棘爪 (22), 相邻的所述支撑棘爪 (22) 之间通过 U型开口 (223)过渡, 所述 U型开口 (223)的口底与所述平滑过渡段(23)具有一定间距。
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CN107152480A (zh) * 2017-07-24 2017-09-12 南昌大学 带有三级调整机构的制动闸片
CN108061117A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-05-22 北京瑞斯福高新科技股份有限公司 一种动车组用闸片
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