WO2014076657A1 - Intelligent warning device for earthquakes and fires in buildings - Google Patents

Intelligent warning device for earthquakes and fires in buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014076657A1
WO2014076657A1 PCT/IB2013/060142 IB2013060142W WO2014076657A1 WO 2014076657 A1 WO2014076657 A1 WO 2014076657A1 IB 2013060142 W IB2013060142 W IB 2013060142W WO 2014076657 A1 WO2014076657 A1 WO 2014076657A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
sensor
sensing
processing
information
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PCT/IB2013/060142
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Giovanni GONZALEZ PEÑUELA
Astrid RUBIANO FONSECA
Wilmer Julian CARRILLO LEON
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Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
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Priority to ES201590047A priority Critical patent/ES2541622B1/en
Publication of WO2014076657A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014076657A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G08B7/066—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources guiding along a path, e.g. evacuation path lighting strip

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an intelligent device for seismic alert and fire in structures, which in case of an earthquake event, fulfills the function of pre-warning, comparing maximum acceptable parameters of acceleration, displacement and / or inclination, in real time and consequently determine whether it is necessary to evacuate or not.
  • the final function is to diagnose the structure and inform if the parameters of acceleration, displacement or fire were exceeded. It consists of two modules: a processing center module (1) and a sensing and transmission module (2).
  • sensing and transmission modules (2) composed of sensors that can be of three types: fire, gas and accelerometers, the latter are sensitive to seismic movements and inclinations, it is understood that one may be present two or all three sensors inside the processing center module (1) and / or in the sensing and transmission module (2).
  • the solar power supply (A) provides energy to the aforementioned sensors, is obtained from photocells ( ⁇ '), which by means of a current and voltage regulator circuit (A "), controls the battery charge (A' ").
  • the device takes advantage of this time difference on arrival to alert the occupants that a seismic event will occur and must be safeguarded (example in the triangle of life).
  • S wave superficial
  • P wave longitudinal wave
  • the device detects the damage suffered by the structure and detects if there was fire associated with the earthquake.
  • the system can also be used for tsunamis.
  • document US4628299 refers to a method to provide an early alarm about the future occurrence of an earthquake comprising the following steps: Initially measure the field strength of a radio broadcast signal at a location separate from the location of transmitting said signal and delivering a humanly sensitive indication in case the field strength of said signal decreases beyond a previously predetermined value. In this case the signal of a station is monitored periodically.
  • document US5910763 discloses a system that provides an alert to a specific population of an earthquake, before the ground movements typically associated with this type of natural disaster arrive.
  • US6392538 Another document in the state of the art related to this type of technology, is US6392538, this document presents a security system that responds to the notification sent wirelessly to inform a user, to take protective actions in situations such as earthquakes.
  • the system is composed of: An earthquake sensor which detects said condition, a central office, a communications link and a transmitter who notify the central office.
  • this invention has disadvantages that are based on the fact that the system is expensive, due to the required infrastructure. For the above; It is necessary to create a seismological network that depends on the tectonic characteristics of the area to be covered. In addition, it does not take into account the static and dynamic characteristics of each building. This alarm system treats as a set of buildings by zones and all equally, regardless of the materials with which it was built, distribution of the mass in the building. Nor does it take into account alert systems during the event and subsequent diagnosis of the structure to the event.
  • the US6731220 patent which specifically relates to a method of resolution of strong movements and a device that can use the recorded data of earthquakes in all parts of the world, to analyze the waveform of strong agitations to obtain the characteristic parameters of them.
  • the method according to the invention is as follows: Calculate and analyze each kind of characteristic parameter of an earthquake in a pre-established time frame.
  • the device uses a battery module, acceleration and tilt sensor module, micro controller module, alarm output module and status display module.
  • This invention is specifically used to analyze the characteristic parameters of an earthquake, without However, it does not involve aspects such as the response of the structure to the earthquake or its diagnosis.
  • document US7598884 describes a seismic alarm system comprising two or more sensors to detect motion signals and the electronic processing elements of the signal to analyze them.
  • the system has at least two detection units, each comprising a shock sensor and the electronic analysis elements, configured in such a way that they detect the primary waves of earthquakes using signals from the shock sensors. .
  • the detection units monitor the primary waves to see if their intensity exceeds a predetermined value. Between the two units of the system there is a configured alarm which will be activated once the characteristic variables and the default values are compared, if these values coincide, a primary wave is thus confirmed.
  • the device is characterized by being autonomous in terms of the power supply since it works by solar energy, reducing operating costs and ensuring its operation regardless of Any electrical failure in the structure. Also, the device being wireless facilitates installation and guarantees connectivity.
  • the processing center in real time, digitally stores the records of all the sensors, independently identified, analyzes them through the use of artificial intelligence and involves the particular structural conditions of each structure, which allows decision making based on the structural characteristics of the building.
  • the device can suggest the occupants to remain in their facilities once the earthquake has occurred because they consider the structure safe. This is because the accelerations previously established for evacuation were not exceeded. Additionally, it is required that the device be easy to use and with significant simplicity, in order to reduce its operation and maintenance costs.
  • Figure 1A corresponds to a distribution scheme of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures according to the present invention, in which a possible configuration of the modules comprising the device, which are: center of processing (1) and one or more sensing and transmission modules (2) that make up a wireless interconnected network (2).
  • Figure 1 B shows a possible configuration for the device depending on the architectural or structural conformation of the building.
  • Figure 2 corresponds to the front view of the processing center module (1) of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures, where the cover of the device supporting the solar panel (A) is illustrated.
  • Figure 2A shows an internal view in detail of the processing center module (1) of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures.
  • Figure 3 corresponds to a front view of the sensing and transmission module (2) of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures, this external structure, in principle, is identical to that of Figure 2.
  • Figure 3A is a exploded view of the internal part of the sensing and transmission module (2).
  • Figure 4 corresponds to the flow chart where the operations carried out with the device of the invention are outlined before, during and after a seismic event.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of the shape and size of the box for the devices according to the invention, where the width is 210 mm, the length is 185 mm and the depth 40 mm.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent alert and fire device for structures, which basically consists of:
  • a processing center module (1) and a sensing and transmission module (2) are composed of three sections: solar power supply (A), acceleration sensor and its processing (B), and information processing and data transmission (C). These are contained in a box.
  • the solar power supply section consists of a solar cell panel ( ⁇ '), a charging circuit (A "), and a battery (A'").
  • the acceleration sensing section and its processing (B) contains a sensor (13) that measures variations in acceleration and inclination in the three main axes, a microcontroller (14) which processes the signals delivered by the sensor and an element of sending information comprising a device that is responsible for sending the wireless information (15) to the element (16) located in the section (C) that corresponds to the information processing and data transmission, where the element (1 6) it is a device similar to the device (15) that differs in that it only receives information emitted wirelessly by the device (15) located either within the processing center module (1) or in the sensing and transmission module (2).
  • the section of information processing and data transmission (C) is composed of a device for sending and receiving wireless information (1 6), microcontroller (17) and a memory unit (18).
  • the sensing and transmission module (2) consists of two sections: solar power supply (A), acceleration sensor and its processing (B), these are contained in a box.
  • the solar power supply section (A) is composed of a solar cell panel ( ⁇ '), a charging circuit (A "), and a battery (A'").
  • the acceleration sensing section and its processing contains a sensor (23) that measures variations in acceleration and inclination in the three main axes, a microcontroller (24) which processes the signals delivered by the sensor and an information sending element comprising a device that is responsible for sending the information wirelessly (25) to the located element (1 6) in section (C) of the processing center module (1).
  • the module (1) differs from the module (2), in the presence of the section (C) and that according to the user's need, any module (2) may be adapted to become in the module (1).
  • the intelligent alert and fire device for structures of the present invention may comprise a network of one or more sensing and transmission modules (2) wirelessly interconnected with each other and with the processing center module (1).
  • the number of sensing and transmission modules (2) will depend on the modes of vibration of the structure, its height, its mass distribution and the stiffness of its columns, irregularity in plan, irregularity in elevation, it is say of the dynamic characteristics of the structure.
  • the number of modules will be between 1 and 100, preferably 1 and 50, more preferably 1 and 10 per floor and depending on the number of floors and stiffness of the structure.
  • the processing center module (1) of the intelligent alert and fire device simultaneously receives and stores the information emitted by the element (24) of the sensing and transmission module or modules (2) and its own element (15).
  • the shape and size of the box for the devices of the invention may vary according to the needs and preferences of the users. In the example presented in the invention, the width is between 210 mm and 300 mm, the length between 185 mm and 250 mm and the depth between 30 mm and 50 mm).
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of the processing center module (1) within the intelligent alert and fire device in structures, where the processing center module is used to analyze the information and allows the device to make the decision to notify the eviction or the permanence within a structure after its movement.
  • the processing center module (1) is initially programmed, which will constantly receive the information sent by the sensing and transmission modules (2).
  • the device of the invention Once the device of the invention is installed in the structure, the device goes into hibernation state, since the acceleration limits introduced with the initial programming are not exceeded.
  • the device compares and stores the sensed information with the default for the structure, if this is exceeded, the device will emit an alarm of the triangle of life, this can be of the sound type or audiovisual, which will be useful to reduce the probability of loss of life.
  • the device When the S wave arrives, the device is responsible for storing the information delivered by each of the sensing and transmission modules (2).
  • the device suspends the alarm of the triangle of life, and analyzes the information delivered by each of the sensing and transmission modules (2), in order to assess the structural condition and issue the second alarm to warn about the permanence or evacuation of the structure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Intelligent warning device for earthquakes and fires in buildings which, in the event of an earthquake, provides an early warning, defines evacuation routes and provides building diagnostics. The device consists of two modules: a central processing module (1) and a sensor and transmission module (2). The central processing module (1) consists of three sections: a solar power supply, an acceleration sensor with processing means, and an information processing and data transmission section. The sensor and transmission module (2) consists of two sections: a solar power supply and an acceleration sensor with processing means. The device comprises a network of wirelessly interconnected sensor modules, there being two types of sensor, fire and/or gas sensors and acceleration sensors, the latter being sensitive to seismic movement and listing.

Description

DISPOSITIVO INTELIGENTE DE ALERTA Y DE FUEGO EN  SMART ALERT AND FIRE DEVICE IN
ESTRUCTURAS  STRUCTURES
CAMPO TECNOLÓGICO TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
La presente invención se relaciona con un dispositivo inteligente de alerta sísmica y de fuego en estructuras, el cual en caso de evento de sismo, cumple la función de alertar previamente, comparar parámetros máximos aceptables de aceleración, desplazamiento y/o inclinación, en tiempo real y en consecuencia determinar si es necesario evacuar o no. Como función final es diagnosticar la estructura e informar si los parámetros de aceleración, desplazamiento ó fuego fueron superados. Lo constituye dos módulos: un módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) y un módulo de sensado y transmisión (2). Se configura mediante una red de módulos de sensado y transmisión (2) interconectados inalámbricamente, compuestos por sensores que pueden ser de tres tipos: fuego, gas y acelerometros, estos últimos son sensibles a movimientos sísmicos e inclinaciones, se entiende que pueden estar presente uno dos o los tres sensores dentro del módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) y/o en el módulo de sensado y transmisión (2). The present invention relates to an intelligent device for seismic alert and fire in structures, which in case of an earthquake event, fulfills the function of pre-warning, comparing maximum acceptable parameters of acceleration, displacement and / or inclination, in real time and consequently determine whether it is necessary to evacuate or not. The final function is to diagnose the structure and inform if the parameters of acceleration, displacement or fire were exceeded. It consists of two modules: a processing center module (1) and a sensing and transmission module (2). It is configured through a network of wireless interconnected sensing and transmission modules (2), composed of sensors that can be of three types: fire, gas and accelerometers, the latter are sensitive to seismic movements and inclinations, it is understood that one may be present two or all three sensors inside the processing center module (1) and / or in the sensing and transmission module (2).
La fuente de alimentación solar (A), provee de energía a los sensores anteriormente mencionados, se obtiene de fotoceldas (Α'), que mediante un circuito regulador de corriente y voltaje (A"), controla la carga de la batería (A'"). The solar power supply (A), provides energy to the aforementioned sensors, is obtained from photocells (Α '), which by means of a current and voltage regulator circuit (A "), controls the battery charge (A' ").
Cuando ocurre un sismo, este genera diferentes tipos de onda; una de ellas superficial (onda S), que es destructora, y otra onda longitudinal (onda P), más veloz que la anterior. El dispositivo aprovecha esta diferencia de tiempo en la llegada para alertar a los ocupantes que va a ocurrir un evento sísmico y debe salvaguardarse (ejemplo en el triángulo de la vida). Una vez ocurrido el sismo, el dispositivo detecta el daño sufrido por la estructura y detecta si hubo fuego asociado al sismo. Posterior al sismo, evalúa si los desplazamientos presentados están por encima de los de diseño ó los máximos estimados a criterio, informando si la estructura requiere ser evacuada, evaluada ó ninguna atención por parte de ingenieros especialistas. El sistema puede también utilizarse para tsunamis. When an earthquake occurs, it generates different types of waves; one of them superficial (S wave), which is destructive, and another longitudinal wave (P wave), faster than the previous one. The device takes advantage of this time difference on arrival to alert the occupants that a seismic event will occur and must be safeguarded (example in the triangle of life). Once the earthquake occurred, the device detects the damage suffered by the structure and detects if there was fire associated with the earthquake. After the earthquake, assess whether the displacements presented are above those of design or the maximum estimated at the discretion, informing if the structure needs to be evacuated, evaluated or any attention by specialist engineers. The system can also be used for tsunamis.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En el estado de la técnica, existen sistemas de detección sísmica para llevar a cabo una alerta previa, pero ninguno de ellos, diagnostica la estructura conforme a unos parámetros máximos establecidos, ni se ajustan automáticamente conforme a la degradación de la rigidez de la estructura. Los pocos que existen, cuentan con sistemas bastante complejos y costosos, así como que ninguno de ellos informa si la estructura requiere ser evacuada, evaluada ó ninguna atención por parte de ingenieros especialistas. Tampoco toman la decisión, si es necesaria la evacuación ó deben permanecer en su sitio por considerarlo un lugar seguro. In the state of the art, there are seismic detection systems to carry out a prior alert, but none of them diagnose the structure according to established maximum parameters, nor do they adjust automatically according to the degradation of the stiffness of the structure. The few that exist, have quite complex and expensive systems, as well as none of them informs whether the structure needs to be evacuated, evaluated or any attention by specialist engineers. Nor do they make the decision, if evacuation is necessary or they must remain in place because it is considered a safe place.
En este sentido, el documento US4628299 se refiere a un método para proveer una alarma temprana sobre la futura ocurrencia de un terremoto que comprende los siguientes pasos: Medir inicialmente la intensidad de campo de una señal de radio-difusión en una localización separada del lugar de transmisión de dicha señal y entregar una indicación humanamente sensible en caso de que la intensidad de campo de dicha señal disminuya mas allá de un valor predeterminado anteriormente. En este caso la señal de una estación es monitoreada periódicamente. In this sense, document US4628299 refers to a method to provide an early alarm about the future occurrence of an earthquake comprising the following steps: Initially measure the field strength of a radio broadcast signal at a location separate from the location of transmitting said signal and delivering a humanly sensitive indication in case the field strength of said signal decreases beyond a previously predetermined value. In this case the signal of a station is monitored periodically.
De otra parte, el documento US5910763 divulga un sistema que provee una alerta a una población específica de un terremoto, antes de que lleguen los movimientos del suelo típicamente asociados a este tipo de desastres naturales. On the other hand, document US5910763 discloses a system that provides an alert to a specific population of an earthquake, before the ground movements typically associated with this type of natural disaster arrive.
Utiliza varias estaciones locales, equipadas con detectores de movimiento y microprocesadores diseñados para casi instantáneamente dar un perfil del movimiento de suelo a un sitio central de procesamiento el cual recibe en conjunto señales similares desde varios sitios. Una instrucción de advertencia es entonces transmitida de vuelta a todos los sitios de detección locales para iniciar la transmisión de advertencias a las áreas locales de la población general. It uses several local stations, equipped with motion detectors and microprocessors designed to almost instantly give a profile of ground movement to a central processing site which collects similar signals from several sites together. A warning instruction is then transmitted back to all detection sites. premises to initiate the transmission of warnings to the local areas of the general population.
Otro documento en el estado del arte relacionado con este tipo de tecnología, es la patente US6392538, este documento presenta un sistema de seguridad que responde a la notificación enviada inalámbricamente para informar a un usuario, que tome acciones de protección en situaciones como terremotos. El sistema esta compuesto por: Un sensor de terremoto el cual detecta dicha condición, una oficina central, un enlace de comunicaciones y un transmisor quienes notifican a la oficina central. Another document in the state of the art related to this type of technology, is US6392538, this document presents a security system that responds to the notification sent wirelessly to inform a user, to take protective actions in situations such as earthquakes. The system is composed of: An earthquake sensor which detects said condition, a central office, a communications link and a transmitter who notify the central office.
Sin embargo, esta invención presenta desventajas que se basan en que el sistema es de alto costo, debido a la infraestructura requerida. Para lo anterior; es necesario crear una red sismológica que depende de las características tectónicas de la zona que se quiere cubrir. Además, no tiene en cuenta las características estáticas y dinámicas de cada edificación. Este sistema de alarma trata como un conjunto de edificaciones por zonas y todas por igual, independientemente de los materiales con que fue construido, distribución de la masa en la edificación. Tampoco tiene en cuenta sistemas de alerta durante el evento y diagnóstico posterior de la estructura al evento. However, this invention has disadvantages that are based on the fact that the system is expensive, due to the required infrastructure. For the above; It is necessary to create a seismological network that depends on the tectonic characteristics of the area to be covered. In addition, it does not take into account the static and dynamic characteristics of each building. This alarm system treats as a set of buildings by zones and all equally, regardless of the materials with which it was built, distribution of the mass in the building. Nor does it take into account alert systems during the event and subsequent diagnosis of the structure to the event.
Adicional a los documentos anteriores, se tiene la patente US6731220, que relaciona específicamente un método de resolución de fuertes movimientos y un dispositivo que puede usar los datos registrados de terremotos en todos los lugares del mundo, para analizar la forma de onda de las fuertes agitaciones para obtener los parámetros característicos de los mismos. El método de acuerdo a la invención es el siguiente: Calcular y analizar cada clase de parámetro característico de un terremoto en un marco de tiempo preestablecido. El dispositivo usa un módulo de batería, módulo de sensor de aceleración e inclinación, módulo de micro controlador, módulo de salida de alarma y módulo de visualización de estado. Esta invención se utiliza específicamente para analizar los parámetros característicos de un sismo, sin embargo no involucra aspectos como la respuesta de la estructura al sismo ni el diagnostico de la misma. In addition to the previous documents, the US6731220 patent, which specifically relates to a method of resolution of strong movements and a device that can use the recorded data of earthquakes in all parts of the world, to analyze the waveform of strong agitations to obtain the characteristic parameters of them. The method according to the invention is as follows: Calculate and analyze each kind of characteristic parameter of an earthquake in a pre-established time frame. The device uses a battery module, acceleration and tilt sensor module, micro controller module, alarm output module and status display module. This invention is specifically used to analyze the characteristic parameters of an earthquake, without However, it does not involve aspects such as the response of the structure to the earthquake or its diagnosis.
De otra parte, el documento US7598884, describe un sistema de alarma sísmica que comprende dos o más sensores para detectar señales de movimiento y los elementos de procesamiento electrónico de la señal para analizarlas. De acuerdo a la invención, el sistema tiene al menos dos unidades de detección, cada una comprendiendo un sensor de choque y los elementos electrónicos de análisis, configurados de tal manera que ellos detecten las ondas primarias de los terremotos usando señales de los sensores de choque. On the other hand, document US7598884 describes a seismic alarm system comprising two or more sensors to detect motion signals and the electronic processing elements of the signal to analyze them. According to the invention, the system has at least two detection units, each comprising a shock sensor and the electronic analysis elements, configured in such a way that they detect the primary waves of earthquakes using signals from the shock sensors. .
Las unidades de detección monitorean las ondas primarias para observar si su intensidad supera un valor predeterminado. Entre las dos unidades del sistema se tiene una alarma configurada la cual se activará una vez se comparen las variables características y los valores predeterminados, si estos valores coinciden, se confirma así una onda primaria. The detection units monitor the primary waves to see if their intensity exceeds a predetermined value. Between the two units of the system there is a configured alarm which will be activated once the characteristic variables and the default values are compared, if these values coincide, a primary wave is thus confirmed.
Considerando la información anterior; es evidente que existe en el estado de la técnica la necesidad de diseñar e implementar un sistema de alarma de sismos inteligente específico para las características estáticas y dinámicas de cada edificación en particular y que sea capaz de detectar el sismo, realizar no solo el aviso de alarma previa, sino que igualmente pueda analizar la capacidad estructural del edificio y dar indicaciones de evacuación de acuerdo con la respuesta y condiciones estructurales después del sismo, junto con el control del sistema de incendio. Cabe anotar que los documentos anteriormente mencionados se dirigen a la cuantificación del sismo más no de la respuesta de la estructura. Considering the above information; it is evident that there is a need in the state of the art to design and implement an intelligent earthquake alarm system specific to the static and dynamic characteristics of each particular building and that is capable of detecting the earthquake, not only to carry out the warning of prior alarm, but also can analyze the structural capacity of the building and give evacuation indications according to the response and structural conditions after the earthquake, together with the control of the fire system. It should be noted that the aforementioned documents are aimed at quantifying the earthquake but not the response of the structure.
Además de las ventajas de manipulación y adaptación a cualquier tipo de estructura civil, el dispositivo se caracteriza por ser autónomo en cuanto a la fuente de alimentación ya que funciona mediante energía solar, reduciendo costos de operación y asegurando su funcionamiento independientemente de cualquier falla eléctrica en la estructura. Así mismo, el dispositivo al ser inalámbrico facilita la instalación y garantiza la conectividad. In addition to the advantages of manipulation and adaptation to any type of civil structure, the device is characterized by being autonomous in terms of the power supply since it works by solar energy, reducing operating costs and ensuring its operation regardless of Any electrical failure in the structure. Also, the device being wireless facilitates installation and guarantees connectivity.
En todos los casos, una vez ocurrido el sismo, el centro de procesamiento, en tiempo real, almacena digitalmente los registros de todos los sensores, identificados independientemente, los analiza mediante el uso de inteligencia artificial e involucra las condiciones estructurales particulares de cada estructura, lo cual permite la toma de decisión en función de las características estructurales de la edificación. In all cases, once the earthquake has occurred, the processing center, in real time, digitally stores the records of all the sensors, independently identified, analyzes them through the use of artificial intelligence and involves the particular structural conditions of each structure, which allows decision making based on the structural characteristics of the building.
El dispositivo puede sugerir a los ocupantes que permanezcan en sus instalaciones una vez ocurrido el sismo por considerar la estructura segura. Esto debido a que no se superaron las aceleraciones previamente establecidas para su evacuación. Adicionalmente, se requiere que el dispositivo sea de fácil uso y con una simplicidad significativa, con el fin de reducir costos de operación y mantenimiento del mismo. The device can suggest the occupants to remain in their facilities once the earthquake has occurred because they consider the structure safe. This is because the accelerations previously established for evacuation were not exceeded. Additionally, it is required that the device be easy to use and with significant simplicity, in order to reduce its operation and maintenance costs.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS  DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La invención puede ser entendida de una mejor forma por medio de las figuras, donde se muestran cada uno de los elementos que componen el sistema inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras que se desea proteger. Además, las figuras señalan los números de referencia asignados a los elementos que conforman dicho aparato. The invention can be understood in a better way by means of the figures, where each of the elements that make up the intelligent alert and fire system in structures to be protected is shown. In addition, the figures indicate the reference numbers assigned to the elements that make up said apparatus.
La figura 1 A, corresponde a un esquema de distribución del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras de acuerdo a la presente invención, en la cual se detalla una posible configuración de los módulos que comprenden el dispositivo, los cuales son: centro de procesamiento (1 ) y uno o más módulos de sensado y transmisión (2) que conforman una red interconecta inalámbricamente (2). La figura 1 B, muestra una posible configuración para el dispositivo dependiendo de la conformación arquitectónica o estructural de la edificación. La figura 2 corresponde a la vista frontal del módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras, en donde se ilustra la tapa del dispositivo que soporta el panel solar (A). La figura 2A, muestra una vista interna en detalle del módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras. Figure 1A corresponds to a distribution scheme of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures according to the present invention, in which a possible configuration of the modules comprising the device, which are: center of processing (1) and one or more sensing and transmission modules (2) that make up a wireless interconnected network (2). Figure 1 B shows a possible configuration for the device depending on the architectural or structural conformation of the building. Figure 2 corresponds to the front view of the processing center module (1) of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures, where the cover of the device supporting the solar panel (A) is illustrated. Figure 2A shows an internal view in detail of the processing center module (1) of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures.
La figura 3 corresponde a una vista frontal del módulo de sensado y transmisión (2) del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras, esta estructura externa, en principio, es idéntica a la de la figura 2. La figura 3A, es una vista del despiece de la parte interna del módulo de sensado y transmisión (2). Figure 3 corresponds to a front view of the sensing and transmission module (2) of the intelligent alert and fire device in structures, this external structure, in principle, is identical to that of Figure 2. Figure 3A is a exploded view of the internal part of the sensing and transmission module (2).
La figura 4 corresponde al diagrama de flujo donde se esquematizan las operaciones que se llevan a cabo con el dispositivo de la invención antes, durante y después de un evento sísmico. Figure 4 corresponds to the flow chart where the operations carried out with the device of the invention are outlined before, during and after a seismic event.
La figura 5 muestra un ejemplo de la forma y el tamaño de la caja para los dispositivos de acuerdo con la invención, donde el ancho es de 210 mm, el largo es de 185 mm y la profundidad de 40 mm. Figure 5 shows an example of the shape and size of the box for the devices according to the invention, where the width is 210 mm, the length is 185 mm and the depth 40 mm.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El objeto de la presente invención es proporcionar un dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras, el cual consta básicamente de: The object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent alert and fire device for structures, which basically consists of:
• Un módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) y un módulo de sensado y transmisión (2). • El módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) esta compuesto por tres secciones: fuente de alimentación solar (A), sensor de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), y procesamiento de la información y transmisión de datos (C). Estas están contenidas en una caja. • A processing center module (1) and a sensing and transmission module (2). • The processing center module (1) is composed of three sections: solar power supply (A), acceleration sensor and its processing (B), and information processing and data transmission (C). These are contained in a box.
La sección de la fuente de alimentación solar esta compuesto por un panel de celdas solares (Α'), un circuito de carga (A"), y una batería (A'").  The solar power supply section consists of a solar cell panel (Α '), a charging circuit (A "), and a battery (A'").
La sección de sensado de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), contiene un sensor (13) que mide variaciones en aceleración e inclinación en los tres ejes principales, un microcontrolador (14) el cual procesa las señales entregadas por el sensor y un elemento de envío de información que comprende un dispositivo que se encarga de enviar la información inalámbrica (15) al elemento (16) ubicado en la sección (C) que corresponde al procesamiento de la información y transmisión de datos, en donde el elemento (1 6) es un dispositivo similar al dispositivo (15) que se diferencia en que únicamente recibe información emitida inalámbricamente por el dispositivo (15) localizado bien sea dentro del módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) o en el módulo de sensado y transmisión (2).  The acceleration sensing section and its processing (B), contains a sensor (13) that measures variations in acceleration and inclination in the three main axes, a microcontroller (14) which processes the signals delivered by the sensor and an element of sending information comprising a device that is responsible for sending the wireless information (15) to the element (16) located in the section (C) that corresponds to the information processing and data transmission, where the element (1 6) it is a device similar to the device (15) that differs in that it only receives information emitted wirelessly by the device (15) located either within the processing center module (1) or in the sensing and transmission module (2).
La sección del procesamiento de la información y transmisión de datos (C), esta compuesto por un dispositivo de envío y recepción de información inhalámbrica (1 6), microcontrolador (17) y una unidad de memoria (18).  The section of information processing and data transmission (C), is composed of a device for sending and receiving wireless information (1 6), microcontroller (17) and a memory unit (18).
• El módulo de sensado y transmisión (2), está compuesto por dos secciones: fuente de alimentación solar (A), sensor de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), estas están contenidas en una caja. • The sensing and transmission module (2), consists of two sections: solar power supply (A), acceleration sensor and its processing (B), these are contained in a box.
La sección de la fuente de alimentación solar (A) esta compuesto por un panel de celdas solares (Α'), un circuito de carga (A"), y una batería (A'").  The solar power supply section (A) is composed of a solar cell panel (Α '), a charging circuit (A "), and a battery (A'").
La sección de sensado de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), contiene un sensor (23) que mide variaciones en aceleración e inclinación en los tres ejes principales, un microcontrolador (24) el cual procesa las señales entregadas por el sensor y un elemento de envío de información que comprende un dispositivo que se encarga de enviar la información inalámbricamente (25) al elemento (1 6) ubicado en la sección (C) del módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ). The acceleration sensing section and its processing (B), contains a sensor (23) that measures variations in acceleration and inclination in the three main axes, a microcontroller (24) which processes the signals delivered by the sensor and an information sending element comprising a device that is responsible for sending the information wirelessly (25) to the located element (1 6) in section (C) of the processing center module (1).
De acuerdo con lo anterior se entenderá que el módulo (1 ) se diferencia del módulo (2), en la presencia de la sección (C) y que de acuerdo con la necesidad del usuario, cualquier módulo (2) podrá ser adaptado para convertirse en el módulo (1 ). In accordance with the above, it will be understood that the module (1) differs from the module (2), in the presence of the section (C) and that according to the user's need, any module (2) may be adapted to become in the module (1).
Adicionalmente el dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras de la presente invención puede comprender una red de uno o mas módulos de sensado y transmisión (2) interconectados inalámbricamente entre si y con el módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ). Additionally, the intelligent alert and fire device for structures of the present invention may comprise a network of one or more sensing and transmission modules (2) wirelessly interconnected with each other and with the processing center module (1).
En este sentido la cantidad de módulos de sensado y transmisión (2) dependerá de los modos de vibración de la estructura, de su altura, de su distribución de masa y de la rigidez de sus columnas, irregularidad en planta, irregularidad en alzado, es decir de las características dinámicas de la estructura. En una modalidad de la invención, el número de módulos estará comprendido entre 1 y 100, de preferencia 1 y 50, mas de preferencia 1 y 10 por piso y dependiendo del número de pisos y rigidez de la estructura. In this sense, the number of sensing and transmission modules (2) will depend on the modes of vibration of the structure, its height, its mass distribution and the stiffness of its columns, irregularity in plan, irregularity in elevation, it is say of the dynamic characteristics of the structure. In one embodiment of the invention, the number of modules will be between 1 and 100, preferably 1 and 50, more preferably 1 and 10 per floor and depending on the number of floors and stiffness of the structure.
El módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego recibe y almacena simultáneamente la información emitida por el elemento (24) del módulo o módulos de sensado y transmisión (2) y de su propio elemento (15). La forma y el tamaño de la caja para los dispositivos de la invención, pueden variar de acuerdo con las necesidades y preferencias de los usuarios. En el ejemplo presentado en la invención, el ancho se encuentra entre 210 mm y 300 mm, el largo entre 185 mm y 250 mm y la profundidad entre 30 mm y 50 mm). The processing center module (1) of the intelligent alert and fire device simultaneously receives and stores the information emitted by the element (24) of the sensing and transmission module or modules (2) and its own element (15). The shape and size of the box for the devices of the invention may vary according to the needs and preferences of the users. In the example presented in the invention, the width is between 210 mm and 300 mm, the length between 185 mm and 250 mm and the depth between 30 mm and 50 mm).
Otro objeto de la presente invención es el uso del módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) dentro del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras, donde el módulo de centro de procesamiento se usa para analizar la información y le permite al dispositivo tomar la decisión de avisar el desalojo o la permanencia dentro de una estructura luego del movimiento de la misma. Another object of the present invention is the use of the processing center module (1) within the intelligent alert and fire device in structures, where the processing center module is used to analyze the information and allows the device to make the decision to notify the eviction or the permanence within a structure after its movement.
Ejemplo de funcionamiento del dispositivo de la invención Operational example of the device of the invention
En una etapa preliminar a la instalación del dispositivo de la invención, como se ilustra en la figura 4, la persona versada en la materia (Ingeniero Mecánico, Ingeniero Civil o afín) hará los estudios previos tendientes a determinar las características dinámicas de la estructura, los umbrales de daño, coeficiente de degradación de la rigidez y capacidad de respuesta de la estructura. A partir de esta información se programa inicialmente el módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ), el cual recibirá constantemente la información enviada por los módulos de sensado y transmisión (2). In a preliminary stage to the installation of the device of the invention, as illustrated in Figure 4, the person versed in the subject (Mechanical Engineer, Civil Engineer or related) will make the previous studies aimed at determining the dynamic characteristics of the structure, damage thresholds, coefficient of degradation of stiffness and responsiveness of the structure. From this information, the processing center module (1) is initially programmed, which will constantly receive the information sent by the sensing and transmission modules (2).
Una vez instalado el dispositivo de la invención en la estructura, el dispositivo pasa a estado de hibernación, dado que no se superan los límites de aceleración introducidos con la programación inicial. Once the device of the invention is installed in the structure, the device goes into hibernation state, since the acceleration limits introduced with the initial programming are not exceeded.
Durante un evento sísmico, por ejemplo, cuando se superan los umbrales programados inicialmente para ondas P, que llegan antes que las ondas dañinas S, el dispositivo compara y almacena la información sensada con la predeterminada para la estructura, si esta es superada, el dispositivo emitirá una alarma del triangulo de la vida, esta puede ser de tipo sonoro o audiovisual, la cual será de utilidad para disminuir la probabilidad de pérdidas de vida. During a seismic event, for example, when the thresholds initially programmed for P waves, which arrive before the harmful waves S are exceeded, the device compares and stores the sensed information with the default for the structure, if this is exceeded, the device will emit an alarm of the triangle of life, this can be of the sound type or audiovisual, which will be useful to reduce the probability of loss of life.
Al llegar la onda S, el dispositivo se encarga de almacenar la información entregada por cada uno de los módulos de sensado y transmisión (2). When the S wave arrives, the device is responsible for storing the information delivered by each of the sensing and transmission modules (2).
Una vez finalizado el evento el dispositivo suspende la alarma del triangulo de la vida, y analiza la información entregada por cada uno de los módulos de sensado y transmisión (2), con el fin de evaluar la condición estructural y emitir la segunda alarma para avisar sobre la permanencia o evacuación de la estructura.  Once the event is over, the device suspends the alarm of the triangle of life, and analyzes the information delivered by each of the sensing and transmission modules (2), in order to assess the structural condition and issue the second alarm to warn about the permanence or evacuation of the structure.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras caracterizado porque comprende: 1. An intelligent alert and fire device for structures characterized in that it comprises:
• Un módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) y un módulo de sensado y transmisión (2), en donde el módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) está compuesto por tres secciones: fuente de alimentación solar (A), sensor de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), y procesamiento de la información y transmisión de datos (C) y porque el módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) y el módulo de sensado y transmisión (2) están contenidas en diferentes cajas.  • A processing center module (1) and a sensing and transmission module (2), where the processing center module (1) consists of three sections: solar power supply (A), acceleration sensor and its processing (B), and information processing and data transmission (C) and because the processing center module (1) and the sensing and transmission module (2) are contained in different boxes.
2. El dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque la sección de la fuente de alimentación solar (A) está compuesto por un panel de celdas solares (Α'), un circuito de carga (A"), y una batería (A'") y la sección de sensado de aceleración y su procesamiento (B) contiene un sensor (13) que mide variaciones en aceleración e inclinación en los tres ejes principales, un microcontrolador (14) que procesa las señales entregadas por el sensor y un elemento de envío de información que comprende un dispositivo (15) que se encarga de enviar la información inalámbrica al elemento (16) ubicado en la sección (C) que corresponde al procesamiento de la información y transmisión de datos. 2. The intelligent alert and fire device for structures of claim 1, characterized in that the solar power supply section (A) is composed of a solar cell panel (Α '), a charging circuit (A " ), and a battery (A '") and the acceleration sensing section and its processing (B) contains a sensor (13) that measures variations in acceleration and inclination in the three main axes, a microcontroller (14) that processes the signals delivered by the sensor and an information sending element comprising a device (15) that is responsible for sending the wireless information to the element (16) located in section (C) that corresponds to the information processing and data transmission .
3. El dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras de acuerdo con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque el elemento (16) es un dispositivo similar al dispositivo (15) que se diferencia en que únicamente recibe información emitida inalámbricamente por el dispositivo (15) localizado bien sea dentro del módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) o en el módulo de sensado y transmisión (2). 3. The intelligent alert and fire device for structures according to claim 2, characterized in that the element (16) is a device similar to the device (15) that differs in that it only receives information emitted wirelessly by the device (15 ) located either inside the processing center module (1) or in the sensing and transmission module (2).
4. El dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el módulo de sensado y transmisión (2) está compuesto por dos secciones: fuente de alimentación solar (A) y sensor de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), y porque están contenidas en una caja. 4. The intelligent alert and fire device for structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensing and transmission module (2) is composed of two sections: solar power supply (A) and acceleration sensor and its processing (B), and because they are contained in a box.
5. El dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque en el módulo de sensado y transmisión (2), la sección de la fuente de alimentación solar (A) está compuesta por un panel de celdas solares (Α'), un circuito de carga (A"), y una batería (A'"), y porque la sección de sensado de aceleración y su procesamiento (B), contiene un sensor (23) que mide variaciones en aceleración e inclinación en los tres ejes principales, un microcontrolador (24) el cual procesa las señales entregadas por el sensor y un elemento de envío de información que comprende un dispositivo que se encarga de enviar la información inalámbricamente (25) al elemento (16) ubicado en la sección (C) del módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ).  5. The intelligent alert and fire device for structures according to claim 1, characterized in that in the sensing and transmission module (2), the section of the solar power supply (A) is composed of a panel of cells solar (Α '), a charging circuit (A "), and a battery (A'"), and because the acceleration sensing section and its processing (B), contains a sensor (23) that measures variations in acceleration and inclination in the three main axes, a microcontroller (24) which processes the signals delivered by the sensor and an information sending element comprising a device that is responsible for sending the information wirelessly (25) to the located element (16) in section (C) of the processing center module (1).
6. El dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego para estructuras de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el módulo de centro de procesamiento (1 ) recibe y almacena simultáneamente la información emitida por el elemento (24) del módulo o módulos de sensado y transmisión (2) y de su propio elemento (15). 6. The intelligent alert and fire device for structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing center module (1) simultaneously receives and stores the information emitted by the element (24) of the sensing module or modules and transmission (2) and its own element (15).
7. El uso de un módulo centro de procesamiento (1 ) dentro del dispositivo inteligente de alerta y de fuego en estructuras para analizar la información y permitir la toma de decisiones de avisar desalojo o permanencia dentro de una estructura luego del movimiento de la misma. 7. The use of a processing center module (1) within the intelligent alert and fire device in structures to analyze the information and allow decision-making to notify eviction or permanence within a structure after its movement.
PCT/IB2013/060142 2012-11-15 2013-11-14 Intelligent warning device for earthquakes and fires in buildings WO2014076657A1 (en)

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