WO2014068875A1 - 分電盤及び電力制御方法 - Google Patents
分電盤及び電力制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014068875A1 WO2014068875A1 PCT/JP2013/006121 JP2013006121W WO2014068875A1 WO 2014068875 A1 WO2014068875 A1 WO 2014068875A1 JP 2013006121 W JP2013006121 W JP 2013006121W WO 2014068875 A1 WO2014068875 A1 WO 2014068875A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- power supply
- distribution board
- switch
- state
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distribution board for supplying AC power supplied from a system power supply to a load, and a power control method in the distribution board.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a self-sustained operation support device that allows a fuel cell system to operate independently during a power failure.
- the distribution board In a state where power is not supplied from the system power supply (power failure state), the distribution board needs to be controlled to switch to a self-supporting state that does not use the power supplied from the system power supply. However, there is a problem that it is not possible to appropriately detect a power failure state and switch to a self-sustaining state.
- the present invention provides a distribution board or the like that appropriately detects a power failure state and switches to a self-sustaining state.
- a distribution board includes a power line for supplying AC power supplied from a system power source to a load, a power storage unit that includes one or more storage batteries and is electrically connected to a predetermined load.
- a detection unit that detects a power failure state in which power is not supplied from the system power source, a first switch provided between the system power source and the power storage unit, and controls at least the first switch A control unit, and when the detection unit detects the power failure state, the control unit cuts off the electrical connection between the power storage unit and the system power supply by turning off the first switch.
- the power storage unit discharges the one or more storage batteries to supply power to the control unit to drive the control unit, and supplies the discharge power of the one or more storage batteries to the predetermined load. .
- the distribution board of the present invention can automatically detect a power failure and switch to a self-sustaining state. In addition, it is possible to expand the use of electric power for operating the distribution board.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a distribution board in the assumed technology.
- FIG. 2 is a first example of a functional block diagram of the distribution board in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a second example of a functional block diagram of the distribution board in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a first example of a functional block diagram of the distribution board in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the storage battery in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a second example of a functional block diagram of the distribution board in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a first example of a determination table of the detection state of the distribution board in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a second example of the determination table of the detection state of the distribution board in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the power control method for the distribution board in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the method for determining the detection state of the distribution board in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an example of a functional block diagram of the distribution board in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the power control method for the distribution board in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the distribution board 100 in the assumed technology.
- the distribution board 100 in the assumed technology is supplied with power from each of the system power supply 122 and the power supply device 126, and supplies the supplied power to the load 124.
- distribution board 100 supplies power supplied from each of system power supply 122 and power supply device 126 to load 124.
- power supplied from the power supply device 126 is supplied to the load 124.
- control is performed so that the power supplied from the power supply device 126 is not output (reverse flow) to the system power supply 122. That is, in the power failure state, the distribution board 100 needs to be controlled to switch to a self-supporting state that does not use the power supplied from the system power supply 122.
- the distribution board 100 in the assumed technology includes a detection unit 111, a current transformer 112, a self-supporting switch 113, a control unit 114, and a switch 116.
- the detection unit 111 detects a power failure state based on the measured value of the current transformer 112 or the state (on or off) of the self-supporting switch 113.
- the current transformer 112 is a power sensor that measures a current passing through the current transformer 112 and outputs a measured value (current value). In the power failure state, the current passing through the current transformer 112 is zero, and in the supply state, the current passing through the current transformer 112 is a value different from zero. That is, the power failure state or the supply state is detected based on whether or not the current value measured by the current transformer 112 is zero.
- the self-supporting switch 113 is a switch for the user to specify whether or not it is in a power failure state.
- the self-supporting switch 113 can be operated by the user. For example, it is set on in a power outage state and off in a supply state.
- the user of the distribution panel 100 notices that power is not supplied from the system power supply 122, the user sets the self-supporting switch 113 to ON, and if the user notices that power is supplied from the system power supply 122, the self-supporting switch 113 is set off.
- the control unit 114 makes the power line connecting the system power source 122 and the load 124 non-conductive when the detection unit 111 detects a power failure state. Specifically, when the detection unit 111 detects a power failure state, the control unit 114 turns off the switch 116, thereby turning off the power line connecting the system power supply 122 and the load 124.
- the switch 116 is disposed on a power line that connects the system power supply 122 and the load 124. When the switch 116 is turned on, the power line is turned on, and when the switch 116 is turned off, the power line is turned off.
- the current transformer 112 is required to have high accuracy. Therefore, the distribution board 100 is expensive. Further, since the self-supporting switch 113 is operated by the user, it is difficult for the distribution panel 100 to detect a power failure state and automatically perform control to switch to the operation at the time of the power failure. That is, in the assumed technology, there is a problem that the power failure state cannot be detected properly by a method realized at a low cost.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a self-sustained operation support device that allows a fuel cell system to operate independently in a power failure state. However, there is no mention of a method for appropriately detecting a power failure state at a low cost.
- the distribution board when the distribution board is provided with a storage battery in order to operate the distribution board in a self-supporting state, there is a problem that the usage of the power of the storage battery is limited.
- a distribution board includes a power line for supplying AC power supplied from a system power supply to a load, and one or more storage batteries, and is provided with a predetermined load.
- a power storage unit that is electrically connected; a detection unit that detects a power failure state in which power is not supplied from the system power source; and a first switch provided between the system power source and the power storage unit.
- a control unit that controls at least the first switch, and when the detection unit detects the power failure state, the control unit turns off the first switch to turn off the power storage unit and the system power supply.
- the power storage unit discharges the one or more storage batteries, thereby supplying power to the control unit to drive the control unit and discharging the one or more storage batteries. Power to the predetermined negative Supplied to.
- the power of the storage battery provided in the distribution board can be used to control the distribution board and to supply a predetermined load.
- the power storage unit further includes a DC terminal electrically connected to the control unit and the one or more storage batteries, an AC terminal electrically connected to the predetermined load and the first switch, A DC / AC inverter that converts direct current power output from the one or more storage batteries into alternating current power and outputs the alternating current power to the alternating current terminal, and the power storage unit receives from the one or more storage batteries during a power failure
- the output DC power is supplied from the DC terminal to the control unit, the DC power output from the one or more storage batteries is converted into AC power in the DC / AC inverter, and the AC power is converted from the AC terminal.
- the predetermined load may be supplied.
- DC power can be supplied to control the distribution board, and AC power can be supplied to a predetermined load.
- the DC / AC inverter further converts AC power into DC power to convert DC power and AC power bidirectionally, and when power is supplied from the system power supply to the distribution board,
- the control unit turns on the first switch to electrically connect the AC terminal and the system power supply, and the power storage unit receives the system via the AC terminal in the DC / AC inverter.
- the one or more storage batteries may be charged by converting AC power from a power source into DC power and supplying the DC power.
- the control unit When power is supplied from the system power supply to the distribution board, the control unit turns on the first switch to electrically connect the AC terminal and the system power supply, and the power storage unit However, the AC power from the system power supply received via the AC terminal is converted to DC power in the DC / AC inverter, and the DC power is supplied to the control unit via the DC terminal,
- the control unit may be driven by receiving the power supply of the DC power.
- DC power when power is supplied from the system power supply to the distribution board, DC power can be supplied to control the distribution board.
- the detection unit further detects power recovery indicating that the power failure state has changed to a supply state in which power is supplied from the system power supply, and the power storage unit is configured so that the detection unit recovers. For a predetermined period after detecting electricity, power may be supplied from the power storage unit to the control unit according to the voltage of the system power supply.
- the power storage unit functions as a smoothing capacitor during power recovery.
- a large-capacity capacitor can be separately provided to prevent the number of parts in the distribution board from increasing.
- a normal load and an emergency load are connected to the distribution board, the predetermined load is the emergency load, and the power storage unit discharges electric power from the power storage unit during a power failure.
- the emergency load may be supplied.
- a normal load and an emergency load are connected to the distribution board, the predetermined load is the emergency load, and the control unit receives power from the system power supply.
- the control unit receives power from the system power supply.
- power from the system power supply may be supplied to the normal load.
- the distribution board when the distribution board receives power supply from the system power supply, the power from the system power supply can be supplied to the normal load.
- the distribution board further supplies AC power supplied from at least one power supply device provided outside to the load.
- the power supply device includes a first power output terminal and a second power. An output terminal is provided, and power is supplied from the first power output terminal to the distribution board at the time of a power failure, and power is output from the second power output terminal to the distribution board at a normal time.
- a second switch for switching the power supply device and the predetermined load between conduction and non-conduction, wherein the first switch further conducts the system power supply and the predetermined load. Switching between non-conduction and non-conduction, and the detection unit receives from the power supply device a power failure notification signal indicating that the power supply device has detected that power is not supplied from the system power supply.
- the control unit turns off the first switch to shut off the system power supply, and turns on the second switch to turn on the second switch.
- the first power output terminal of the power supply device is electrically connected to the predetermined load, and the second power output terminal of the power supply device and the predetermined load are connected via the first switch.
- the first switch is on, the power supply device and the predetermined load are electrically connected.
- the first switch is off, the power supply device and the predetermined switch are connected.
- the load may be electrically disconnected.
- first switch and the second switch may be configured by a single switch element.
- first switch and the second switch may be composed of two different switch elements.
- the distribution board can detect that the power supply device including the high-accuracy power sensor has detected a power outage, through the detection of the power outage. And if a power failure state is detected, it can control to supply the electric power which an electric power supply apparatus supplies to a load by switching the switch in a distribution board. Therefore, a power failure can be appropriately detected by a method realized at a low cost.
- the distribution board is further connected to the power line at two or more connection points where the two or more power supply devices are different from each other, and the detection unit is connected to the power line among the two or more power supply devices.
- the power failure state may be detected by receiving the power failure notification signal from a power supply device whose connection point is closest to the system power supply.
- the detection unit has a reliability determined in advance for each of the power supply devices based on an attribute of the power supply device among the plurality of power supply devices.
- the power failure state may be detected by receiving the power failure notification signal from the highest power supply device.
- the detection unit further detects a power recovery indicating that the power failure state has changed to a supply state in which power is supplied from the system power supply, and the control unit is configured so that the detection unit When power recovery is detected, the second switch is turned off to turn off the connection between the first power output terminal of the power supply device and the predetermined load, and the first switch is turned on to connect the system.
- a power source and the predetermined load may be electrically connected.
- the power supplied from both the system power supply and the power supply device is switched by switching the first switch and the second switch in the distribution board. It can be controlled to supply a load. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately detect power recovery by a method realized at low cost.
- the detection unit detects the power recovery by receiving from the power supply device a power recovery notification signal indicating that the power supply device has detected that power is supplied from the system power supply. May be.
- the distribution board can detect that the power supply device including the high-precision power sensor is in a supply state through detection of power recovery. Therefore, power recovery can be detected with higher accuracy.
- the detection unit sends a power recovery notification signal indicating that the power supply device has detected that power is supplied from the system power supply from a power company that manages power supply of the system power supply via a communication line.
- the power recovery may be detected by receiving the signal.
- the distribution board can detect the supply state based on the power recovery notification signal notified from the electric power company.
- the power recovery notification signal notified from the electric power company is information from the supply source of the system power supply and is accurate information. Power recovery can be detected with higher accuracy.
- a power control method is a power control method in a distribution board that supplies AC power supplied from a system power supply to a load, in a state where power is not supplied from the system power supply.
- a detection step for detecting a certain power failure state a control step for controlling at least a first switch provided between the power storage unit including one or more storage batteries and electrically connected to a predetermined load, and the system power supply
- the control step cuts off the electrical connection between the power storage unit and the system power supply by turning off the first switch, The discharge power of the one or more storage batteries is controlled so as to supply power to the distribution board and to the predetermined load.
- a recording medium recording medium such as a system, method, integrated circuit, computer program, or computer-readable CD-ROM, and the system, method, integrated circuit, You may implement
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of distribution board 200 in the present embodiment.
- the distribution board 200 in the present embodiment is supplied with power from each of the system power supply 122 and the power supply device 126 and supplies the supplied power to the load 124.
- distribution board 200 supplies both power supplied from system power supply 122 and power supply device 126 to load 124.
- the power supplied from the power supply device 126 is supplied to the load 124.
- control is performed so that the power supplied from the power supply device 126 is not output (reverse flow) to the system power supply 122. That is, when the power supply from the system power supply 122 is stopped (power failure), the distribution board 200 automatically detects the power failure, disconnects from the system power supply 122, and the power supply device. Is supplied to the load 124.
- the distribution board 200 in the present embodiment includes a detection unit 212, a control unit 214, and a switch 216.
- a power line (first power line) that is connected to the system power supply 122 and supplies the power supplied from the system power supply 122 to the load 124, and the power supplied from the external power supply device 126 is supplied to the load 124.
- a power line (second power line) for supply.
- the power supply device 126 provided outside includes an output terminal a for supplying power to the first power line and an output terminal b for supplying power to the second power line.
- the detection unit 212 detects a power failure state based on a power failure notification signal transmitted from the power supply device 126.
- the control unit 214 turns off the first power line connecting the system power supply 122 and the load 124. Specifically, when the detection unit 212 detects a power failure state, the control unit 214 causes the switch 216 to turn off the first power line and turn on the second power line.
- the switch 216 is connected to each of the system power supply 122, the load 124, and the power supply device. That is, the switch 216 is disposed on the first power line and the second power line. Then, the state is switched between a state in which the first power line is turned on and the second power line is turned off, and a state in which the first power line is turned off and the second power line is turned on.
- the switch 216 may be configured by one switch element as described above, or may be configured by two or more switch elements.
- the switch 216 includes a switch (first switch) for switching the first power line to be conductive or non-conductive, and a second power line. And a switch (second switch) for switching between conduction and non-conduction.
- the function of the switch 216 is to switch between two states, a state in which the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turned off, and a state in which the first switch is turned off and the second switch is turned on. Equivalent to.
- the external power supply device 126 may be a plurality of power supply devices. An example including a plurality of power supply devices is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a second example (distribution panel 300) of the functional block diagram of the distribution panel in the present embodiment.
- there are two power supply devices 126A and 126B and each of the power supply devices 126A and 126B is connected to the second power line.
- each of the power supply devices 126A and 126B is connected to the second power line at a connection point different from each other.
- the detection unit 112 receives a power failure notification signal from each of the power supply devices 126A and 126B, and detects a power failure state based on the power failure notification signal.
- the number of power supply devices is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
- a power failure state is detected by determining as follows.
- a power supply device with high reliability detects a power failure.
- the detection unit 112 when the detection unit 112 receives a power failure notification signal from the power supply device having the highest reliability predetermined based on the attribute of the power supply device for each of the power supply devices Detecting power outages.
- the reliability of the power supply device indicates the degree of accuracy when the power supply device detects a power failure state.
- the reliability is determined in advance based on the attribute of the power supply apparatus.
- the reliability may be, for example, good performance (height) of the power supply device. That is, the higher the performance of the power supply device, the higher the reliability may be.
- the reliability may be, for example, the date of manufacture. In other words, the power supply device whose manufacturing date is closer to the current time may have higher reliability.
- the reliability may be, for example, the severity of acquired authentication. That is, the power supply apparatus that has acquired more strict authentication may have higher reliability.
- the power supply device closest to the system power supply detects a power failure.
- the detection unit 312 receives a power failure notification signal from the power supply device whose connection point with the second power line is closest to the system power supply 122, the power failure state is detected.
- the current value near the system power source 122 includes a relatively small amount of noise, and the current value far from the system power source includes a relatively large amount of noise. It is considered that among the plurality of power supply devices, the power supply device whose connection point with the second power line is closer to the system power supply 122 has less noise and more appropriately detects the power failure state.
- the power supply apparatus with the highest reliability is stopped due to maintenance or the like, the power supply apparatus with the next highest reliability is set to detect a power failure. That is, among the plurality of power supply devices, the power supply device having the highest reliability among those performing the power supply operation detects a power failure.
- the detection unit 312 detects the power failure state.
- the predetermined value may be, for example, half of the number of power supply devices.
- the predetermined value may be 1/4 of the number of power supply devices.
- the detection unit 112 detects a power failure state when a power failure notification signal is received from fewer power supply devices. That is, by setting the predetermined value to a small value, it becomes possible to detect the power failure state sensitively.
- the reliability of the power supply device can also be considered for this method. Assume that each of the power supply devices has 1 to 5 points (three power supply devices with an average reliability), and totals the number of power supply devices that are the transmission source of the power failure notification signal received by the detection unit 112 When the value exceeds a predetermined value, the detection unit 312 may detect a power failure state. If it does in this way, both the number of the power supply apparatuses which detected the power failure state and transmitted the power failure notification signal and the reliability of the power supply apparatus can be considered.
- the distribution board detects that the power supply device including the high-accuracy power sensor has detected a power outage, thereby detecting a power outage state. Can do. And if a power failure state is detected, it can control to supply the electric power which an electric power supply apparatus supplies to a load by switching the switch in a distribution board. Therefore, a power failure can be appropriately detected by a method realized at a low cost.
- FIG. 4 is a first example (distribution panel 400) of a functional block diagram of the distribution panel in the present embodiment.
- a distribution board 400 shown in FIG. 4 is a more specific configuration of the distribution board 300 shown in FIG. 3.
- the distribution board 400 is supplied with power from the system power supply 122, a power conditioner (PCS) 426A that is a power supply device, and a fuel cell (FC) 426C that is a power supply device. Supply to loads 424A, 424B, 424C and 424D. In a state where power is supplied from the system power supply 122 (supply state), the distribution board 400 supplies power supplied from the system power supply 122 and the power supply devices (PCS 426A and FC426C) to the loads 424A, 424B, 424C and Supplied to 424D.
- PCS power conditioner
- FC fuel cell
- the distribution board 400 When the power supply from the system power supply 122 is stopped (power failure), the distribution board 400 automatically detects the power failure, disconnects the connection with the system power supply 122, and the power supply device. Is supplied to the loads 424C and 424D. Further, when the distribution board 400 changes from the power failure state to the supply state (power recovery), the distribution board 400 is connected to the system power source 122 and supplies power supplied from the power supply device to the loads 424A, 424B, 424C, and 424D. To supply.
- the distribution board 400 includes a detection unit 412, a control unit 414, a switch 416A, a switch 416B and a switch 416C, a storage battery 442, current transformers 432, 434 and 436, and a normal breaker.
- a group 452 and a self-supporting breaker group 454 are provided.
- the detection unit 412 detects a power failure state based on a power failure notification signal transmitted from the power supply devices (PCS 426A and FC426C). In addition, the detection unit 412 receives a power failure notification signal or a power recovery notification signal from the power company that manages the power supply of the system power supply 122 through the notification device 429 outside the distribution board 400.
- the control unit 414 makes the power line connecting the system power supply 122, the load 424C, and the load 424D non-conductive, the power supply device (PCS 426A and FC 426C), the load 424C, The power line connecting 424D is made conductive.
- the switch 416A is turned off, the switch 416B is turned on, and the switch 416C is set to b (independent side).
- a PCS operation signal that is a signal for controlling the PCS 426A is transmitted to the PCS 426A.
- the PCS operation signal is a signal for notifying the PCS 426A that it is in a supply state or a power outage state.
- the switch 416A is a switch that switches between the independent breaker group 454 and the system power supply 122 being conductive or nonconductive.
- the switch 416B is a switch for switching whether or not to output power (independent output) from the PCS 426A.
- the switch 416C is a switch for switching whether the output destination of the power output from the FC 426C is the system side or the independent side.
- switches 416A, 416B, and 416C correspond to the switch 116 in the first embodiment.
- the storage battery 442 is a power source for supplying power to the control unit 414 and the detection unit 412.
- the storage battery 442 can also supply power to the loads 424C and 424D through a group of self-supporting breakers.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the storage battery 442 in the present embodiment.
- the storage battery 442 is configured as a power storage unit or power storage device including one or more storage batteries, and includes a storage battery 481, a DC terminal 482, an AC terminal 483, and a DC / AC inverter 484 as shown in FIG. ing.
- Storage battery 481 accumulates supplied power and discharges the accumulated power.
- DC terminal 482 is electrically connected to control unit 414, detection unit 412, and storage battery 481.
- the AC terminal 483 is electrically connected to the loads 424C and 424D, the switch 416A, the switch 416B, and the switch 416C through a self-supporting breaker group.
- DC / AC inverter 484 converts DC power and AC power bidirectionally. Specifically, DC / AC inverter 484 converts DC power output from storage battery 481 to AC power, and outputs AC power to AC terminal 483. Further, the DC / AC inverter 484 converts AC power input from the AC terminal 483 into DC power and supplies this DC power to the storage battery 481.
- the storage battery 442 switches the direction of power conversion with respect to the DC-AC inverter 484 depending on whether or not the detection unit 412 detects a power failure. Specific examples of this operation will be described separately when power is supplied from the system power supply 122 to the distribution board 400, when there is a power outage, and when power is restored from the power outage.
- the control unit 414 When power is supplied from the system power supply 122 to the distribution board 400, the control unit 414 turns on the switch 416A, turns off the switch 416B, and sets the switch 416C to a (normal side). Thereby, AC terminal 483 and system power supply 122 are electrically connected.
- the storage battery 442 converts AC power from the system power supply 122 received via the AC terminal 483 into DC power, supplies this DC power to the storage battery 481, and charges the storage battery 481. To do.
- the storage battery 442 converts, in the DC / AC inverter 484, AC power from the system power supply 122 received via the AC terminal 483 into DC power, and supplies the DC power to the control unit 414 via the DC terminal 482. .
- the control unit 414 is driven by receiving DC power.
- control unit 414 When in a power failure state, the control unit 414 turns off the switch 416A, turns on the switch 416B, and sets the switch 416C to b (independent side). Thereby, AC terminal 483 and system power supply 122 are not electrically connected.
- the storage battery 442 supplies the DC power output from the storage battery 481 to the control unit 414 from the DC terminal 482. Further, the storage battery 442 converts the DC power output from the storage battery 481 into AC power in the DC / AC inverter 484, and supplies this AC power to the loads 424C and 424D from the AC terminal 483.
- the control unit 414 turns on the switch 416A, turns off the switch 416B, and turns off the switch 416C. Side). Thereby, AC terminal 483 and system power supply 122 are electrically connected.
- the storage battery 442 supplies power from the storage battery 481 to the control unit 414 according to the voltage of the system power supply 122 for a predetermined period after the power recovery is detected by the detection unit 412. This is because it generally takes time for the voltage of the system power supply 122 to stabilize immediately after the power recovery. That is, the voltage of the system power supply 122 is unstable for a predetermined time after the power is restored. Therefore, a case where a desired current cannot be supplied to the control unit 414 occurs.
- the power supply to the control unit 414 is stabilized by supplying power from the storage battery 481 to the control unit 414 according to the voltage of the system power supply 122.
- the storage battery 442 functions as a smoothing capacitor during power recovery. Thereby, for example, it is possible to prevent an increase in the number of parts in the distribution board 400 by separately providing a large-capacity capacitor.
- control part 414 can be acquired via the signal wire
- the single DC / AC inverter 484 is configured to convert DC power and AC power bidirectionally, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a DC / AC inverter that converts DC power to AC power and an AC / DC converter that converts AC power to DC power may be provided separately.
- the power conversion in the DC / AC inverter and the AC / DC converter is turned on or off depending on the detection result of whether or not the detection unit 412 is a power failure. That is, when power is supplied from distribution power supply 122 to distribution board 400, power conversion in the DC / AC inverter is turned off and power conversion in the AC / DC converter is turned on. On the other hand, in a power failure state, power conversion in the DC / AC inverter is turned on, and power conversion in the AC / DC converter is turned off.
- Current transformers 432, 434 and 436 are sensors for measuring current.
- the normal breaker group 452 is a set of breakers that cut off a circuit when an overcurrent or a leakage current is detected, and is connected to a normal load.
- the normal breaker group 452 includes one or more breakers (462 and 464).
- the normal breaker group 452 is supplied with power in the supply state.
- the self-sustained breaker group 454 is a set of breakers that cut off the circuit when an overcurrent or a leakage current is detected, and is connected to an emergency load.
- the free-standing breaker group 454 includes one or more breakers (472 and 474).
- the self-sustained breaker group 454 is supplied with power in the supply state and the power failure state.
- a photovoltaic power generation panel (PV panel) 427 and a storage battery 428 are connected to the PCS 426A.
- the PCS 426A adjusts the power supplied to the storage battery 428 or the power supplied from the storage battery 428. Specifically, the PCS 426A converts the power supplied to the storage battery 428 from alternating current to direct current.
- the PCS 426A converts the power supplied from the storage battery 428 from direct current to alternating current.
- the PCS 426A includes two terminals (a and b) for supplying power.
- the PCS 426A supplies power from the terminal a in the supply state, and supplies power from the terminal b in the power failure state.
- the PCS 426A detects a supply state or a power failure state by receiving a PCS operation signal transmitted from the control unit 414, and switches a terminal for supplying power.
- the PV panel 427 and the storage battery 428 are connected to the PCS 426A.
- one power conditioner is connected to each of the PV panel 427 and the storage battery 428. Also good. The above configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a second example (distribution panel 500) of the functional block diagram of the distribution board in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a distribution board 500 in the case where one power conditioner (PV-PCS 526A and SB-PCS 526B, respectively) is connected to each of the PV panel 427 and the storage battery 428.
- one power conditioner PV-PCS 526A and SB-PCS 526B, respectively
- the distribution board 500 is newly provided with a current transformer 433 with respect to the distribution board 400 shown in FIG.
- the distribution board 500 includes a detection unit 512 instead of the detection unit 412 in the distribution board 400.
- the current transformer 433 is a power sensor that measures a current passing through the current transformer 433 and outputs a measured value (current value). The current transformer 433 notifies the measured value to the PV-PCS 526A.
- the detection unit 512 detects a power failure state based on a power failure notification signal transmitted from each of the power supply devices (PV-PCS 526A, SB-PCS 526B, and FC 426C).
- the control unit 514 transmits a PV-PCS operation signal, which is a signal for controlling the PV-PCS 526A, to the PCS 426A.
- the control unit 514 transmits an SB-PCS operation signal, which is a signal for controlling the SB-PCS 526B, to the SB-PCS 526B.
- the detection unit 512 receives a power failure notification signal or a power recovery notification signal from the power company that manages the power supply of the system power supply 122 through the notification device 429 outside the distribution board 500.
- control unit 514 in the configuration of the distribution board 500 will be described in more detail.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first example of a determination table of the detection state of the distribution board in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows a power failure determination method of the control unit 514 when the reliability of the SB-PCS 526B, the PV-PCS 526A, the FC 426C, and the current transformer 432 is high in this order.
- the detection state includes a supply state where power is supplied (described as “supply” in FIG. 7), and a power outage state where power is not supplied (“power outage” in FIG. 7).
- the control unit 514 determines that the power failure state has occurred.
- the control unit 514 determines that the power failure state is present.
- the control unit 514 determines that the power failure state is present.
- the control unit 514 determines that the power outage state has occurred. To do.
- the control unit 514 It is determined that it is in a state.
- the control unit 514 determines that it is in a power failure state.
- the control unit 514 determines with it being a supply state.
- the determination using the power failure notification signal transmitted by the current transformer 432 may not be performed. In that case, a determination similar to the above may be performed using a portion excluding the column 611 in FIG.
- control unit 514 determines that it is in a power failure state.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second example of the determination table of the distribution board detection state in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a power failure determination method of the control unit 514 when PV-PCS 526A, SB-PCS 526B, FC 426C, and current transformer 432 are connected to the power line in this order at a connection point close to the power system. .
- the control unit 514 determines that the power failure state has occurred.
- the control unit 514 determines that the power failure state is present.
- the control unit 514 determines that the state is a power failure state.
- the control unit 514 Judge that there is.
- the control unit 514 determines that it is in a power failure state.
- the control unit 514 Judge that there is.
- the detection unit 512 has received that the detection state of the PV-PCS 526A and the SB-PCS 526B is unknown, the FC 426C has detected the supply state, and the current transformer 432 is in a state other than the power failure state. In this case, the control unit 514 determines that the supply state is present.
- the SB-PCS 526B detects the supply state, and the FC 426C and the current transformer 432 are in a state other than the power failure state, The control unit 514 determines that the supply state is present.
- the control unit 514 When the detection unit 512 receives that the PV-PCS 526A detects the supply state and the SB-PCS 526B, the FC 426C, and the current transformer 432 are in a state other than the power failure state, the control unit 514 is in the supply state. Is determined.
- the determination using the power failure notification signal transmitted by the current transformer 432 may not be performed. In that case, a determination similar to the above may be performed using a portion excluding the column 711 and the row 712 in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the power control method for the distribution board in the present embodiment.
- the control state of the distribution board is set to the initial state (step S801).
- the detection state (power failure state, supply state, or unknown) is determined (step S802). This determination method will be described later in detail.
- step S803 the process branches based on the determination result of the detection state in step S802 (step S803).
- the self-supporting state is a state in which the distribution board is supplied with power from at least one of the PV-PCS 526A, SB-PCS 526B, and FC 426C and supplies the supplied power to the self-sustaining breaker group 454. . And when it determines with having already been in the independent state, it moves to step S802.
- step S804 If it is determined in step S804 that it is not in a self-supporting state, the switches 416A, 416B, and 416C are switched in order to configure a self-supporting circuit in the distribution board (step S805). Specifically, the control unit 514 turns off the switch 416A (SW1), turns on the switch 416B (SW2), and sets the switch 416C (SW3) to b (self-supporting side).
- the power conditioners (PV-PCS 526A and SB-PCS 526B) are activated in the independent mode (step S806).
- control state of the distribution board is changed to an independent state (step S807).
- step S807 When the process of step S807 is completed, the process proceeds to step S802.
- step S811 it is determined whether or not the control state of the distribution board is already in the system state.
- the grid state is that the distribution board is supplied with power from the system power supply 122 and at least one of the PV-PCS 526A, SB-PCS 526B, and FC 426C, and the supplied power is supplied to the normal breaker group 452 and the independent breaker group 454. It is the state which is supplying to. And when it determines with having already been in a system
- step S811 When it is determined in step S811 that the system state is not established, the switches 416A, 416B, and 416C are switched to configure the system state circuit in the distribution board (step S812). Specifically, the control unit 514 turns on the switch 416A (SW1), turns off the switch 416B (SW2), and sets the switch 416C (SW3) to a (normal side).
- the power conditioners (PV-PCS 526A and SB-PCS 526B) are activated in the system mode (step S813).
- control state of the distribution board is changed to the system state (step S814).
- step S814 When the process of step S814 is completed, the process proceeds to step S802.
- the control state (independent state or system state) of the distribution board can be changed based on the detection state (power failure state or supply state) of the distribution board.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for determining the detection state of the distribution board in the present embodiment.
- the flowchart of the determination method shown in FIG. 10 is a detailed description of the processing in step S802 in FIG.
- the detection unit 512 receives detection states (power failure state, supply state) in all power supplies (power supply device and system power supply 122), and determines whether or not the detected detection states match each other. 514 determines (step S901).
- the detection part 512 receives the detection state in a power supply device by receiving the power failure notification signal etc. which are the signals transmitted when a power supply device detects a power failure state.
- the detection part 512 receives the detection state in an electric power supply apparatus by receiving the power failure notification signal etc. which are the signals which an electric power company transmits when the system power supply 122 is in a power failure state through a communication line.
- step S901 If it is determined in step S901 that the detection states of all the power sources are the same, the process proceeds to the distribution board detection state determination process (step S903).
- step S901 If it is determined in step S901 that the detection states of all the power sources do not match, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed (step S902). If it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed, the process proceeds to step S901. If it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed, the process proceeds to the determination process of the distribution board detection state (step S903).
- the predetermined time is, for example, about 1 second.
- the detection state of all the power supplies becomes uneven because the supply of power is unstable. Even in such a case, the detection state after the instability is resolved can be received by waiting for a predetermined time to elapse.
- step S903 The process for determining the distribution board detection state (step S903) will be described. First, when the detection states received by the detection unit 512 from each of the power supplies match and the detection state is a supply state or a power failure state, the detection state received by the detection unit 512 is defined as a detection state of the distribution board. To do.
- the detection state of the distribution board is determined using the detection state determination table. Specifically, the detection state of the distribution board is determined using the determination table shown in FIG. 7 or FIG.
- a power outage can be detected more accurately when a plurality of power supply devices are connected to the distribution board.
- the noise contained in the supplied power increases as the distance from the system power supply increases, so the power supply device connected at the connection point closer to the system power supply can detect the power failure state more accurately. it can. Therefore, the power failure state can be detected more accurately.
- the distribution board when a plurality of power supply devices are connected to the distribution board, it is possible to detect a power failure more accurately. This is because the power failure notification signal received from the power supply apparatus with higher reliability is considered to be more accurate. Therefore, the power failure state can be detected more accurately.
- the power supplied from both the system power supply and the power supply device is controlled to be supplied to the load by switching the switch in the distribution board. can do. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately detect power recovery by a method realized at low cost.
- the distribution board can detect that the power supply device including a high-precision power sensor is in a supply state through detection of power recovery. Therefore, power recovery can be detected with higher accuracy.
- the distribution board can detect the supply state based on the power recovery notification signal notified from the electric power company.
- the power recovery notification signal notified from the electric power company is information from the supply source of the system power supply and is accurate information. Power recovery can be detected with higher accuracy.
- the suspected power outage state means a state having a high probability of being in a power outage state, although the accuracy is lower than that in the power outage state. For example, a case where “unknown” is asserted to a predetermined number or more in the determination table of FIG. 7 or FIG.
- the distribution board In a power failure state, the distribution board needs to be controlled so that the power supplied from the power supply device is not output (reverse power flow) to the system power supply 122. Even when the probability of being in a power failure state is high, the distribution board according to the present embodiment performs control so that reverse power flow does not occur as in the power failure state. On the other hand, when not in a power failure state, the distribution board powers both the load (424A and 424B) connected to the normal breaker group 452 and the load (424C and 424D) connected to the independent breaker group 454. Supply.
- FIG. 11 is an example of a functional block diagram of distribution board 600 in the present embodiment.
- the functional block configuration of the distribution board in the present embodiment is newly provided with a switch 416D with respect to the functional block configuration of the second embodiment. Further, the control method (switch switching method) of the switch 416A, the switch 416B, and the switch 416C by the control unit 614 is different from that of the second embodiment.
- switch 416A, the switch 416B, the switch 416C, and the switch 416D correspond to the switch 116 in the first embodiment.
- the control unit 614 disconnects the power line connecting the system power supply 122 and the loads 424A, 424B, 424C, and 424D, and the power supply device (PCS 426A and FC 426C).
- the power line connecting the loads 424A, 424B, 424C, and 424D is made conductive.
- the control unit 614 turns on the switch 416A, turns on the switch 416B, sets the switch 416C to a (normal side), and turns off the switch 416D.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the power control method of distribution board 600 in the present embodiment.
- steps S1001 to S1007 and S1021 to S1024 are steps S801 to S807 and S811 in the power control method in the second embodiment, respectively. Since it is the same as 814, description is abbreviate
- the self-supporting 2 state means that the distribution board is supplied with power from at least one of the PV-PCS 526A, SB-PCS 526B, and FC 426C, and supplies the supplied power to the normal breaker group 452 and the stand-alone breaker group 454. It is a state of being. And when it determines with having already been in the self-supporting 2 state, it moves to step S1002.
- step S1011 If it is determined in step S1011 that the self-standing 2 state is not established, the switches 416A, 416B, 416C, and 416D are switched in order to configure a self-standing 2 state circuit in the distribution board (step S1012). Specifically, the control unit 614 turns on the switch 416A (SW1), turns on the switch 416B (SW2), sets the switch 416C (SW3) to a (normal side), and turns off the switch 416D (SW4). To.
- the power conditioners (PV-PCS 526A and SB-PCS 526B) are activated in the independent mode (step S1013).
- control state of the distribution board is changed to the independent 2 state (step S1014).
- step S1014 When the process of step S1014 is completed, the process proceeds to step S1002.
- appropriate power control can be performed not only in a power failure state and a supply state but also in a power failure suspected state.
- the power supply apparatus detects a power failure state or a power recovery state through detection of a power failure state or a power recovery state. Since the power supply device includes a highly accurate power sensor, it can be detected with high accuracy by such a method.
- each component may be configured by dedicated hardware or may be realized by executing a software program suitable for each component.
- Each component may be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU or a processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the software that realizes the distribution board and the like of each of the above embodiments is the following program.
- this program is a power control method in a distribution board that supplies AC power supplied from a system power supply to a load to a computer, and detects a power failure state in which power is not supplied from the system power supply. And a control step of controlling at least a first switch provided between the power storage unit including one or more storage batteries and electrically connected to a predetermined load, and the system power supply, When the power outage state is detected in the detection step, the control step cuts off the electrical connection between the power storage unit and the system power supply by turning off the first switch, and the one or more storage batteries A power control method for controlling the discharge power of the power distribution board to control the distribution board and to supply the discharge power to the predetermined load.
- the distribution board according to one or more aspects has been described based on the embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Unless it deviates from the gist of the present invention, various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art have been made in this embodiment, and forms constructed by combining components in different embodiments are also within the scope of one or more aspects. May be included.
- the present invention can appropriately detect a power failure state and switch to a self-sustaining state, and can broaden the use of power for operating a distribution board, and includes a distribution board, a power control method, and a distribution board. It is useful for use in power supply systems and residential facilities including distribution boards.
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Abstract
Description
近年、太陽光発電(PV)システムまたは燃料電池(FC)等が、一般住宅にも普及し始めている。本発明者は、これらの技術に関して、以下の問題が生じることを見出した。
図2は、本実施の形態における分電盤200の機能ブロック図である。
図4は、本実施の形態における分電盤の機能ブロック図の第一例(分電盤400)である。図4に示される分電盤400は、図3に示される分電盤300をより具体化した構成である。
本実施の形態では、制御部が判定する検知状態について、停電状態及び供給状態に加えて、停電疑い状態がある場合の分電盤の電力制御方法の例を示す。停電疑い状態とは、停電状態とするよりは確度が低いものの、停電状態である蓋然性が高い状態のことを意味する。例えば、図7もしくは図8の判定表において「不明」が所定個数以上に表明された場合を、停電疑い状態としてもよい。
111、212、312、412、512 検知部
112、432、433、434、436 変流器
114、214、414、514、614 制御部
116、216、416A、416B、416C、416D スイッチ
122 系統電源
124、424A、424B、424C、424D 負荷
126 電力供給装置
126A 電力供給装置1
126B 電力供給装置2
426A PCS
426C FC
427 PVパネル
428 蓄電池
429 通知装置
442 蓄電池
452 通常ブレーカ群
454 自立ブレーカ群
462、464、472、474 ブレーカ
481 蓄電池
482 直流端子
483 交流端子
484 DC/ACインバータ
526A PV-PCS
526B SB-PCS
Claims (14)
- 系統電源から供給される交流電力を負荷に供給するための電力線と、
1以上の蓄電池を備え、所定の負荷に電気的に接続される蓄電部と、
前記系統電源から電力が供給されていない状態である停電状態を検知する検知部と、
前記系統電源と前記蓄電部との間に設けられた第1スイッチと、
少なくとも前記第1スイッチを制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記検知部が前記停電状態を検知した場合、
前記制御部は、前記第1スイッチをオフすることにより前記蓄電部と前記系統電源との間の電気的接続を遮断し、
前記蓄電部は、前記1以上の蓄電池を放電することにより、前記制御部に電力を供給して前記制御部を駆動するとともに、前記1以上の蓄電池の放電電力を前記所定の負荷に供給する、
分電盤。 - 前記蓄電部は、さらに、
前記制御部および前記1以上の蓄電池と電気的に接続される直流端子と、
前記所定の負荷および前記第1スイッチと電気的に接続される交流端子と、
前記1以上の蓄電池から出力される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、当該交流電力を前記交流端子に出力するDC/ACインバータと、を備え、
前記蓄電部は、停電時には、前記1以上の蓄電池から出力された直流電力を前記直流端子から前記制御部に供給するとともに、前記1以上の蓄電池から出力された直流電力を前記DC/ACインバータにおいて交流電力に変換し、当該交流電力を前記交流端子から前記所定の負荷に供給する、
請求項1に記載の分電盤。 - 前記DC/ACインバータは、さらに交流電力を直流電力に変換することで、直流電力および交流電力を双方向に変換し、
前記系統電源から前記分電盤に電力が供給されている場合、
前記制御部は、前記第1スイッチをオンして前記交流端子と前記系統電源とを電気的に接続し、
前記蓄電部は、前記DC/ACインバータにおいて、前記交流端子を介して受けた前記系統電源からの交流電力を直流電力に変換し、当該直流電力を供給して前記1以上の蓄電池を充電する、
請求項2に記載の分電盤。 - 前記系統電源から前記分電盤に電力が供給されている場合、
前記制御部は、前記第1スイッチをオンして前記交流端子と前記系統電源とを電気的に接続し、
前記蓄電部が、前記交流端子を介して受けた前記系統電源からの交流電力を前記DC/ACインバータにおいて直流電力に変換し、前記直流端子を介して当該直流電力を前記制御部に供給することで、前記制御部は当該直流電力の電力供給を受けて駆動される、
請求項2または3に記載の分電盤。 - 前記検知部は、さらに、前記停電状態から、前記系統電源から電力が供給される状態である供給状態に変化したことを示す復電を検知し、
前記蓄電部は、前記検知部が復電を検知してからの所定期間は、前記系統電源の電圧に応じて前記蓄電部から前記制御部に電力供給する、
請求項3または4に記載の分電盤。 - 前記分電盤には、通常負荷と非常用負荷とが接続されており、
前記所定の負荷は、前記非常用負荷であり、
前記蓄電部は、停電時に前記蓄電部からの放電電力を前記非常用負荷に供給する、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の分電盤。 - 前記分電盤には、通常負荷と非常用負荷とが接続されており、
前記所定の負荷は、前記非常用負荷であり、
前記制御部は、前記系統電源から前記分電盤が電力供給を受けている場合、前記系統電源からの電力を前記通常負荷に供給する、
請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載の分電盤。 - 前記分電盤は、さらに、外部に設けられる少なくとも1つの電力供給装置から供給される交流電力を前記負荷に供給し、
前記電力供給装置は、第1の電力出力端子および第2の電力出力端子を備え、停電時には前記第1の電力出力端子から前記分電盤に電力を供給し、通常時には前記第2の電力出力端子から前記分電盤に電力を出力し、
前記分電盤は、さらに、
前記電力供給装置と前記所定の負荷とを導通とするか非導通とするかを切り替える第2スイッチを備え、
前記第1スイッチは、さらに、前記系統電源と前記所定の負荷とを導通とするか非導通とするかを切り替え、
前記検知部は、前記系統電源から電力が供給されないことを前記電力供給装置が検知したことを示す停電通知信号を、前記電力供給装置から受信することで、前記停電状態を検知し、
前記制御部は、前記検知部が前記停電通知信号を受信した場合に、前記第1スイッチをオフして前記系統電源を遮断し、前記第2スイッチをオンして前記電力供給装置の前記第1電力出力端子と前記所定の負荷とを電気的に接続し、
さらに、前記電力供給装置の前記第2電力出力端子と前記所定の負荷とが前記第1スイッチを介して接続されており、
前記第1スイッチがオンのときには、前記電力供給装置と前記所定の負荷とが電気的に接続されており、
前記第1スイッチがオフのときには、前記電力供給装置と前記所定の負荷とが電気的に切り離される、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の分電盤。 - 前記分電盤は、さらに、
前記電力線には、2以上の前記電力供給装置が互いに異なる接続点において接続され、
前記検知部は、
2以上の前記電力供給装置のうち、前記電力線への接続点が前記系統電源に最も近い電力供給装置から前記停電通知信号を受信することで、前記停電状態を検知する、
請求項8に記載の分電盤。 - 前記検知部は、
前記電力供給装置が複数ある場合に、複数の前記電力供給装置のうち、前記電力供給装置のそれぞれに対して当該電力供給装置の属性に基づいてあらかじめ定められる信頼度が最も高い前記電力供給装置から、前記停電通知信号を受信することによって、前記停電状態を検知する、
請求項8に記載の分電盤。 - 前記検知部は、さらに、
前記停電状態から、前記系統電源から電力が供給される状態である供給状態に変化したことを示す復電を検知し、
前記制御部は、
前記検知部が前記復電を検知した場合に、前記第2スイッチをオフして前記電力供給装置の前記第1電力出力端子と前記所定の負荷との接続を非導通とし、前記第1スイッチをオンして前記系統電源と前記所定の負荷とを導通とする、
請求項8に記載の分電盤。 - 前記検知部は、
前記系統電源から電力が供給されることを前記電力供給装置が検知したことを示す復電通知信号を、前記電力供給装置から受信することによって、前記復電を検知する、
請求項11に記載の分電盤。 - 前記検知部は、
前記系統電源から電力が供給されることを前記電力供給装置が検知したことを示す復電通知信号を、前記系統電源の電力供給を管理する電力会社から通信回線を介して受信することによって、前記復電を検知する、
請求項11に記載の分電盤。 - 系統電源から供給される交流電力を負荷に供給する分電盤における電力制御方法であって、
前記系統電源から電力が供給されていない状態である停電状態を検知する検知ステップと、
1以上の蓄電池を備え、所定の負荷に電気的に接続される蓄電部と、前記系統電源との間に設けられた第1スイッチを少なくとも制御する制御ステップと、を含み、
前記検知ステップにおいて前記停電状態が検知された場合、
前記制御ステップでは、前記第1スイッチをオフすることにより前記蓄電部と前記系統電源との間の電気的接続を遮断し、
前記1以上の蓄電池の放電電力を、前記分電盤を制御するために電力を供給するとともに、前記所定の負荷に供給するように制御する、
電力制御方法。
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