WO2014045519A1 - アレーアンテナ装置 - Google Patents
アレーアンテナ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014045519A1 WO2014045519A1 PCT/JP2013/004996 JP2013004996W WO2014045519A1 WO 2014045519 A1 WO2014045519 A1 WO 2014045519A1 JP 2013004996 W JP2013004996 W JP 2013004996W WO 2014045519 A1 WO2014045519 A1 WO 2014045519A1
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- array antenna
- loop
- loop element
- strip conductor
- planar array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0018—Space- fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an array antenna device that radiates radio waves.
- FIG. 19A is a plan view showing a configuration of a conventional patch array antenna in which four patch elements 502a, 502b, 502c, and 502d and a feeding circuit are arranged on the plane of the dielectric substrate 501.
- FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view of the dielectric substrate 501.
- each patch element 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d is arranged as a radiating element on one surface of the dielectric substrate 501, and the other of the dielectric substrate 501 is arranged on the other surface.
- a ground conductor 503 is disposed on the surface.
- Each patch element 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d is fed through a branch circuit 504 formed as a microstrip line.
- the patch array antenna shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B can realize high gain radiation characteristics with a thin structure.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a loop line array antenna as a conventional array antenna apparatus.
- the radiation cells 603a, 603b, 603c, 603d, and 603e as the loop-shaped radiation elements formed at regular intervals.
- 603f, 603g, and 603h are the radiation cells 603a, 603b, 603c, 603d, and 603e as the loop-shaped radiation elements formed at regular intervals.
- each radiation cell 603a, 603b, 603c, 603d, 603e, 603f, 603g, 603h is about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave, and the interval between adjacent radiant cells is also about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave. It is.
- the loop line array antenna shown in FIG. 20 can radiate a good circularly polarized wave by reducing the number of radiating cells with a simple feeding structure.
- the present inventors examined an array antenna device that radiates radio waves.
- the patch array antenna shown in FIG. 19A requires a branch circuit for supplying power to the patch element, and the power supply circuit itself is complicated. For this reason, a large mounting area is required as the array antenna device, and there is a problem that the array antenna device is enlarged.
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is structurally difficult to widely control the radiation amount (for example, the signal amplitude of the radio wave) from each radiating element. It was difficult to suppress the side lobes for the beam.
- the radiation amount for example, the signal amplitude of the radio wave
- the present disclosure aims to provide an array antenna device that suppresses side lobes with respect to the main beam and realizes high gain radiation with a simple configuration in order to solve the above-described conventional problems.
- the present disclosure includes a substrate, a strip conductor formed on one surface of the substrate, a plurality of loop elements formed on one surface of the substrate, and a conductor plate formed on the other surface of the substrate.
- Each of the loop elements has a perimeter corresponding to about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave, is disposed at a position electromagnetically coupled to the strip conductor, and has the one wavelength along the strip conductor. They are arranged at intervals.
- side lobes with respect to the main beam can be suppressed and high gain radiation can be realized.
- the perspective view which shows the structure of the planar array antenna of 1st Embodiment (A) The perspective view which shows the external appearance of a planar array antenna, (B) The top view of a planar array antenna, (C) The sectional view of a planar array antenna Diagram explaining the radiation principle of radio waves from loop elements
- the figure which shows the radiation pattern of a planar array antenna (A) The radiation pattern in the XZ plane shown in FIG. 1, (B) The radiation pattern in the YZ plane shown in FIG.
- the top view which shows the vicinity of a loop element at the time of connecting a strip conductor and a loop element directly (physically) using a connection element 5 is a graph showing a change in the amount of radiated power with respect to the distance S between the strip conductor and the loop element in the loop element of FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in the amount of radiated power when the element width W of the loop element is changed in the loop element of FIG.
- a plan view showing the vicinity of a rectangular loop element 24 The top view which shows the vicinity of the loop element 34 which changed the position to be cut off
- the top view which shows the vicinity of the loop element 44 at the time of providing the perturbation element 91 The perspective view which shows the structure of the planar array antenna of 2nd Embodiment.
- the top view which shows the vicinity of the loop element of the planar array antenna of 2nd Embodiment
- the graph which shows the amount of radiated electric power and reflected electric energy with respect to the space
- the perspective view which shows the structure of the planar array antenna of 3rd Embodiment.
- the perspective view which shows the structure of the planar array antenna using the loop element from which a circular polarization characteristic is acquired (A) A plan view showing a configuration of a planar array antenna that uniformly excites each loop element, and (B) a diagram showing a configuration of a planar array antenna having a different radiation power ratio for each loop element.
- A A table showing the ratio of the radiated power in each loop element of the planar array antenna 150 shown in FIG. 16A and the ratio of the radiated power to each input power
- B the planar array antenna 160 shown in FIG. Table showing the ratio of radiated power in each loop element and the ratio of radiated power to each input power
- Graph showing each radiation pattern in the YZ plane of a planar array antenna
- A A plan view showing a configuration of a conventional patch array antenna in which four patch elements and a feeding circuit are arranged on a plane of a dielectric substrate, and (B) a sectional view of the dielectric substrate. The perspective view which shows the structure of the loop line array antenna as the conventional array antenna apparatus.
- A Plan view showing the configuration of a microstrip array antenna as a conventional array antenna device
- B Cross section of dielectric substrate
- A The top view which shows the vicinity of the closed loop element 54 electrically connected with the conductor plate 13 via the electroconductive connection part 51
- B It is electrically connected with the conductor plate 13 via the electroconductive connection part 51.
- Sectional drawing which shows the vicinity of the made closed loop element 54
- the perspective view which shows the structure of the planar array antenna of 5th Embodiment.
- FIG. 21A is a plan view showing a configuration of a microstrip array antenna as a conventional array antenna device.
- FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view of the dielectric substrate 702.
- a feeding strip line 703 and ten radiating antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, 704e, 704f, 704g, 704h, 704i, and 704j are formed, and a ground conductor layer 701 is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 702.
- the ten radiation antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, 704e, 704f, 704g, 704h, 704i, and 704j have a shape protruding from the feeding strip line 703 extending linearly.
- the radiating antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, and 704e provided on one side of the feed strip line 703 have an interval of about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave from the adjacent radiating antenna elements. And is inclined in the direction of about 45 degrees with respect to the feeding strip line 703.
- the length L of each of the radiating antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, and 704e is about 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength.
- the radiating antenna elements 704f, 704g, 704h, 704i, and 704j provided on the other side of the feeding strip line 703 are radiated antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, and 704e, respectively. They are formed in parallel and are inclined in the direction of about ⁇ 135 degrees with respect to the feeding strip line 703.
- the radiating antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, and 704e and the radiating antenna elements 704f, 704g, 704h, 704i, and 704j are arranged with a shift of 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength.
- the power input to the input end 705 of the feeding strip line 703 is sequentially applied to the radiating antenna elements 704a, 704f, 704b, 704g,... 704e, 704j. Radio waves are radiated by combining them. That is, the microstrip array antenna radiates 45-degree polarized waves.
- the amount of radiation from each radiation antenna element can be adjusted by changing the lateral width Wo of the radiation antenna elements 704a, 704b, 704c, 704d, 704e, 704f, 704g, 704h, 704i, and 704j.
- the amount of radiation in one radiation antenna element is about 50% at most with respect to the input power, and many radiation antenna elements are required for designing an array antenna device that radiates a high-frequency signal (for example, millimeter wave). And the structure of the entire array antenna apparatus becomes complicated.
- planar array antenna of each embodiment is used for wireless communication or wireless positioning, for example, and has a microstrip line structure.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C are perspective views showing the configuration of the planar array antenna 10 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing the appearance of the planar array antenna 10.
- FIG. 1B is a plan view of the planar array antenna 10.
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the planar array antenna 10. 1A to 1C, the longitudinal direction of the planar array antenna 10 is defined as the Y direction, the width direction of the planar array antenna 10 is defined as the X direction, and the thickness direction of the planar array antenna 10 is defined as the Z direction.
- the planar array antenna 10 includes a dielectric substrate 11, a strip conductor 12 formed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 11, a plurality of loop elements 14a to 14e formed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 11, And a conductor plate 13 disposed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 11.
- the dielectric substrate 11 as a substrate is, for example, a double-sided copper-clad substrate having a thickness t and a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r.
- the strip conductor 12 is formed by, for example, a copper foil pattern on one surface of the dielectric substrate 11.
- the conductor plate 13 is formed by a copper foil pattern on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 11, for example.
- the strip conductor 12 and the conductor plate 13 constitute a microstrip line.
- the plurality of loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e are formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 11 on which the strip conductor 12 is formed, and are circular conductors having a radius R and an element width W.
- Each of the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e is arranged with a loop element interval D from an adjacent loop element.
- Each of the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e has an open loop structure in which a part of a circle is cut out and the perimeter is about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave.
- each of the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e is arranged at a predetermined distance S from the strip conductor 12, so that the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a are arranged.
- 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e are electromagnetically coupled (see FIG. 1B).
- the electric power input to the input terminal 15 of the strip conductor 12 is caused to be loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and the like by electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor 12 and each of the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e. 14e in this order. That is, the planar array antenna 10 operates as an array antenna apparatus using the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e as radiating elements.
- Each loop element 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e has a high directivity gain because its perimeter is about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave. Therefore, even if the planar array antenna 10 has a simple structure in which a small number of loop elements are arranged, a high gain can be obtained.
- each loop element 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e is excited in the same phase, and + Z
- the radiation directivity of the beam having the maximum gain in the direction can be realized.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the radiation principle of radio waves from the loop element 14a.
- the loop element 14a is extracted from the five loop elements, but the principle of radiation of radio waves from the other loop elements is the same.
- the electric power Pin input to the input terminal 15 is partly radiated from the loop element 14a due to electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a.
- the opening 21 of the loop element 14a at a position shifted in the 90 ° + Y direction from the position closest to the strip conductor 12, the current 22a in the direction indicated by the arrow a and the arrow b are provided on the loop element 14a.
- the loop element 14a operates as a radiating element having a polarization in the Y-axis direction parallel to the strip conductor 12.
- FIG. 2 the case where the + Y direction side of the loop element 14a is cut out has been described. However, even when the ⁇ Y direction side is cut out, similarly, the polarization characteristic in the Y-axis direction parallel to the strip conductor 12 is also illustrated. Sex is obtained.
- the power other than the radiated power in the loop element 14a includes the transmitted power Pth and the reflected power Pref that returns to the input terminal 15 due to impedance mismatch between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a. Therefore, the radiated power from the loop element 14a is a value obtained by subtracting the transmitted power Pth and the reflected power Pref from the input power (input power) Pin. Further, the transmitted power Pth becomes the input power of the loop element 14b, and the subsequent loop elements 14c, 14d, and 14e operate similarly.
- FIG. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the radiation pattern of the planar array antenna 10.
- FIG. 3A shows a radiation pattern of the horizontal E ⁇ polarization component in the XZ plane shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3B shows a radiation pattern of the vertical E ⁇ polarization component in the YZ plane shown in FIG. 3A and 3B
- reference symbols e1 and e2 indicate directions of maximum gains
- reference symbols f1 and f2 indicate directions of half widths that are 3 [dB] lower than the maximum gain
- reference symbols g1 indicate side lobes. Indicates maximum gain.
- the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e are arranged at intervals of one wavelength, so that excitation occurs in the same phase, and the Z direction becomes the maximum radiation direction. Further, the planar array antenna 10 has a narrow beam radiation characteristic in the YZ plane.
- each loop element is provided with a notch so as to be an open loop, whereby current is generated in the loop elements 14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d, and 14 e, and the same direction as the propagation direction of the strip conductor 12.
- Polarization that is, + Y-axis direction polarization can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the amount of radiated power, the amount of transmitted power, and the amount of reflected power with respect to the distance S between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a.
- Each electric energy is represented by a ratio [%] where the input electric energy is 100%.
- the radiated power amount 31 is represented by a solid line
- the transmitted power amount 32 is represented by a dotted line
- the reflected power amount 33 is represented by a one-dot chain line.
- the thickness t of the dielectric substrate 11 is 0.067 ⁇ ( ⁇ : free space wavelength at the operating frequency), the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the dielectric substrate 11 is 2.2, and the radius R of the loop element 14a. Is 0.12 ⁇ , and the element width W of the loop element 14a is 0.04 ⁇ .
- the radiated power increases as the interval S decreases. This is because when the distance S is narrow, the electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a becomes strong. Further, when the interval S is narrowed, the reflected power also tends to increase, so that the radiated power increases but the radiation efficiency decreases.
- the planar array antenna 10 of the first embodiment can adjust the radiated power of each loop element 14 by changing the distance S between the strip conductor 12 and each loop element 14.
- the excitation distribution can be adjusted. Therefore, the planar array antenna 10 of the present embodiment can achieve high gain radiation by suppressing the side lobe level with respect to the main beam and controlling the directivity.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the vicinity of the loop element 14 a when the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14 a are directly (physically) connected using the connection element 41.
- connection element 41 By directly connecting the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a using the connection element 41, the electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a can be further strengthened, and the radiation power from the loop element 14a can be increased. .
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the amount of radiated power 52 with respect to the distance S between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a in the loop element 14a shown in FIG.
- the element width Wc of the connection element 41 is 0.026 ⁇
- the distance Sc from the center of the loop element 14a to the connection element 41 is 0.026 ⁇ .
- the amount of radiated power 52 from the loop element 14a is equal to the amount of radiated power 31 shown in FIG. Compared to this, it is increasing.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in the amount of radiated power 61 when the element width W of the loop element 14a is changed in the loop element 14a shown in FIG.
- the distance S between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a is 0.032 ⁇ .
- the amount of radiated power 61 from the loop element 14a can be adjusted also by changing the element width W.
- the adjustment range of the radiated power from the loop element combines the connection method between the strip conductor and the loop element and the change in the element width of the loop element, in addition to changing the distance between the strip conductor and the loop element. Can be enlarged.
- planar array antenna 10 of this modification can expand the adjustment range of the radiated power amount of each loop element 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, and the required radiation according to the design specifications of the planar array antenna. Radio wave directivity can be realized.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration in the vicinity of the rectangular loop element 24.
- the loop element 24 shown in FIG. 8 has an open loop structure in which a part is cut out and the peripheral length is about one wavelength of the radiated radio wave, similarly to the loop element 14a shown in FIG.
- the polarization direction can be adjusted as appropriate by changing the position (angle ⁇ ) at which the loop element is cut out.
- the planar array antenna 10 can radiate polarized waves in the + X-axis direction.
- a closed loop structure may be provided by providing a perturbation element in the loop element.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the vicinity of the loop element 44 provided with the perturbation element 91.
- the loop element 44 can radiate circularly polarized waves.
- the element width Wp of the perturbation element 91 is 0.026 ⁇
- the element length Lp is 0.094 ⁇
- the angle ⁇ is 30 degrees
- right-handed polarization can be emitted.
- FIG. 22A is a plan view showing the vicinity of the closed loop element 54 that is electrically connected to the conductor plate 13 through the conductive connection portion 51.
- FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the closed loop element 54 that is electrically connected to the conductor plate 13 via the conductive connection portion 51. 22A and 22B, a part of the closed loop element 54 is electrically connected to the conductor plate 13 through the conductive connection portion 51.
- planar array antenna 10 of the present modification can generate various polarizations by adjusting the position where the loop element is notched or by adding a perturbation element without having a notch. Design flexibility according to the required specifications can be secured.
- the planar array antenna 10 has been described in which the radiated power increases while the reflected power increases as the distance S between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a decreases.
- the second embodiment an example of a planar array antenna that reduces reflected power will be described.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the planar array antenna 100 according to the second embodiment. Since the planar array antenna 100 of the present embodiment has a configuration similar to that of the planar array antenna 10 of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those of the planar array antenna 10 of the first embodiment. The description will be omitted and different contents will be described.
- the planar array antenna 100 has a configuration in which matching elements 101a, 101b, 101c, 101d, and 101e are further arranged on the strip conductor 12 in the planar array antenna 10 of the first embodiment.
- the matching elements 101a, 101b, 101c, 101d, and 101e are directed from the strip conductor 12 in a direction (+ X axis direction or ⁇ X axis direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (+ Y axis direction or ⁇ Y axis direction) of the strip conductor 12
- the protrusions are formed so as to correspond to the respective loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the vicinity of the loop element 14a of the planar array antenna 100 of the second embodiment.
- the electric power Pin input to the input terminal 15 is partly radiated from the loop element 14a due to electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a. That is, the current 112a and the current 112b are generated in the loop element 14a as in the first embodiment, and the power from the loop element 14a is radiated.
- the power other than the radiated power in the loop element 14a is divided into the transmitted power Pth and the reflected power Pref that returns to the input terminal 15 due to impedance mismatch between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a.
- the transmitted power Pth becomes the reflected power Pref1 that is partly reflected by the impedance mismatch based on the arrangement of the matching element 101a and returns to the input terminal 15, but most of the transmitted power Pth is transmitted on the strip conductor 12 as the transmitted power Pth1. Propagate.
- the length Sr of the matching element 101a, the element width Wr, and the center position of the loop element 14a so that the reflected power Pref from the loop element 14a and the reflected power Pref1 from the matching element 101a are in opposite phases.
- the distance Dr is determined. That is, the shape and position of the matching element 101a are determined so that a reflected wave having an opposite phase that suppresses the reflected wave from the loop element 14a is generated.
- the planar array antenna 100 of this embodiment can reduce the electric energy reflected to the input end 15 side, and can improve radiation efficiency.
- the loop element 14b operates in the same manner as the loop element 14a using the transmission power Pth1 as input power of the loop element 14b. After the loop element 14b, the same operation is sequentially performed up to the loop element 14e.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the amount of radiated power and the amount of reflected power with respect to the distance S between the strip conductor 12 and the loop element 14a.
- the graph shown in FIG. 13 shows each characteristic of the amount of radiated power and the amount of reflected power according to the presence or absence of the matching element 101a.
- the vertical axis on the left side of FIG. 13 indicates the amount of radiated power [%]
- the vertical axis on the right side of FIG. 13 indicates the amount of reflected power [%].
- the solid line radiated power 121 and the dashed-dotted line reflected power 123 indicate characteristics when the matching element 101a is not provided (see FIG. 2).
- the dotted line radiated power 122 and the two-dot chain line reflected power 124 show the characteristics when the matching element 101a is present (see FIG. 12).
- the planar array antenna 100 can reduce the amount of reflected power and can increase the amount of radiated power by providing the matching element 101a.
- the planar array antenna 100 of the second embodiment is provided with the matching elements 101a, 101b, 101c, 101d, and 101e on the strip conductor 12, and the reflection from the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e.
- a reflected power amount that suppresses the power amount is generated in each matching element.
- the planar array antenna 100 of the present embodiment can reduce the amount of reflected power and increase the amount of radiated power, so that the radiation efficiency can be further improved as compared with the planar array antenna 10 of each of the embodiments described above.
- the power input to the input end 15 is radiated by electromagnetic coupling sequentially in the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e, and therefore propagates through the strip conductor 12.
- the power gradually decays.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the planar array antenna 130 in the third embodiment. Since the planar array antenna 130 of the third embodiment has a configuration similar to that of the planar array antenna 100 of the second embodiment, the same components as those of the planar array antenna 100 of the second embodiment have the same reference numerals. The description will be omitted by using, and different contents will be described.
- the planar array antenna 130 has a configuration in which the microstrip antenna element 131 is arranged on the output side (termination) of the strip conductor 12 in the planar array antenna 100 of the second embodiment.
- the microstrip antenna element 131 as a strip antenna element inputs the transmitted power that has passed through the loop element 14e, and radiates radio waves according to the residual power that was not radiated from each of the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e. To do.
- the planar array antenna 130 of the third embodiment causes the microstrip antenna element 131 to radiate radio waves using the residual power that is transmitted without being radiated from the loop element 14e. Therefore, the planar array antenna 130 of this embodiment can further improve the radiation efficiency as compared with the planar array antenna of each embodiment described above.
- the antenna element disposed on the output side is a rectangular microstrip antenna element.
- a circular microstrip antenna element may be used, and similar effects can be obtained.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a planar array antenna 140 using loop elements 141a, 141b, 141c, 141d, and 141e that can obtain circular polarization characteristics.
- the planar array antenna 140 further includes a loop element 141a, 141b, 141c, 141d, 141e having a perturbation element, and a microstrip antenna element 142 having a perturbation element that is partially cut away.
- the microstrip antenna element 142 receives the transmitted power that has passed through the loop element 141e, and radiates a radio wave corresponding to the residual power that was not radiated from each of the loop elements 141a, 141b, 141c, 141d, and 141e.
- planar array antenna 140 of the present modification can obtain radiation efficiency equivalent to that of the planar array antenna 130 of the third embodiment, and can further have circular polarization characteristics.
- the plane in which the conditions of the loop elements (for example, the radius R, the element width W, and the distance S from the strip conductor 12) in the planar array antenna of each embodiment described above or a modification of each embodiment are combined.
- An example of an array antenna will be described by comparing a case where uniform excitation is performed for each loop element and a case where the radiated power ratio is different for each loop element.
- Uniform excitation is radiation in which the ratio of the input power to each loop element and the radiation power (radiation power ratio) is the same in all loop elements.
- FIG. 16A is a plan view showing a configuration of a planar array antenna 150 that uniformly excites the loop elements 151a, 151b, 151c, 151d, and 151e.
- FIG. 17A is a table showing the radiated power ratio in each loop element 151a, 151b, 151c, 151d, 151e of the planar array antenna 150 shown in FIG. 16A and the ratio of radiated power to each input power. It is.
- each loop element 151a, 151b, 151c, 151d, 151e is, for example, , 16.2% to 49.7%.
- the distance S between each loop element 151a, 151b, 151c, 151d, 151e and the strip conductor 12, and the loop element width W Adjust.
- the distance S from the strip conductor 12 is wide and the loop element width W is large.
- the loop element 151e the distance S from the strip conductor 12 is short, and the loop element width W is small.
- the length Sr, the element width Wr, and the distance Dr from the center position of the loop element 14 of the matching element 152 are set to the corresponding loop elements 151 (151a, 151b, 151c, 151d). , 151e), in order to generate a reflected wave having an opposite phase to that of the reflected wave.
- the side lobes of the radio waves radiated from the planar array antenna 150 increase.
- the side lobe of the radiated radio wave can be suppressed by setting the radiation power ratios from the loop elements 151a, 151b, 151c, 151d, and 151e to be different.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram showing a configuration of a planar array antenna having a different radiation power ratio for each loop element.
- FIG. 17B is a table showing the radiated power ratio in each loop element of the planar array antenna 160 shown in FIG. 16B and the ratio of radiated power to each input power.
- each loop element 161a, 161b, 161c, 161d is different from the uniform excitation shown in FIG. 161e is set over a wide range from 8.7% to 63.7%.
- the planar array antenna 160 of the present embodiment in addition to changing the distance S between the strip conductor and the loop element, the connection method between the strip conductor and the loop element, the change in the element width W of the loop element, the matching element
- the length Sr of (162a, 162b, 162c, 162d, 162e) the element width Wr, and the distance Dr from the center position of the loop element 14
- the plane of each embodiment described above or a modified example of each embodiment The side lobes with respect to the main beam of radio waves radiated from the array antenna can be further reduced.
- planar array antenna 160 of the present embodiment can increase the adjustment range of the radiated power amount from each of the loop elements 161a, 161b, 161c, 161d, 161e, and the radio wave having the radiated power amount shown in FIG. Can be emitted.
- the planar array antenna 160 has a distance S between the strip conductor and each loop element and a direct connection between the strip conductor and the loop element with respect to each loop element 161a, 161b, 161c, 161d, 161e. Further, the presence / absence of the connection, the element width W of each loop element is changed as appropriate, and the length Sr, the element width Wr of the matching element 162 and the distance Dr from the center position of the loop element 14 are appropriately adjusted and combined. Thereby, the planar array antenna 160 of the present embodiment adjusts the amount of radiated power from each loop element, and compared with the planar array antenna of each embodiment described above or the modification of each embodiment, the side lobe for the main beam. Can be further suppressed.
- the distance S between the strip conductors 12 is wider than the distance S between the other loop elements 161b, 161c, 161d, 161e and the strip conductor 12, and compared with the other loop elements 161d, 161e.
- the loop element width W is large.
- the loop element 161e is directly (physically) connected to the strip conductor 12 via the connection element.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing each radiation pattern in the YZ plane of the planar array antennas 150 and 160.
- a dotted radiation pattern 171 indicates the radiation pattern of the planar array antenna 150 (see FIG. 16A) that is uniformly excited.
- a solid line radiation pattern 172 indicates a radiation pattern of the planar array antenna 160 (see FIG. 16B) having a different radiation power ratio for each loop element.
- the side lobe of the radiation pattern 172 is suppressed compared to the radiation pattern 171.
- the planar array antenna 160 of the fourth embodiment has different conditions suitable for each loop element (for example, radius R, element width W, distance S between the strip conductors 12, matching elements 152 (152a, 152b, 152c, 152d). , 152e), the adjustment range of the amount of radiated power from each loop element can be greatly controlled by providing the length Sr, the element width Wr, and the distance Dr) from the center position of the loop element 14. An excitation distribution can be given. Therefore, the planar array antenna 160 of the present embodiment can suppress side lobes with respect to the main beam and realize high gain radiation.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the planar array antenna 170 of the fifth exemplary embodiment.
- the planar array antenna 170 shown in FIG. 23 has a structure in which loop elements are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 55 of the strip conductor 12 provided along the Y axis.
- each loop element 142a, 142b, 142c, 142d, 142e and each matching element 201a, 201b, 201c, 201d, 201e are the loop elements 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d shown in the third embodiment. , 14e and the matching elements 101a, 101b, 101c, 101d, 101e (see, for example, FIG. 14), and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 55.
- the planar array antenna 170 of this embodiment can obtain a high gain by increasing the number of loop elements arranged in the X-axis direction and narrowing the beam of the antenna radiation pattern.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing each radiation pattern on the XZ plane of the planar array antennas 130 and 170.
- the radiation pattern 182 of the planar array antenna 170 shown in FIG. 23 is narrower than the radiation pattern 181 of the planar array antenna 130 shown in FIG.
- high antenna radiation characteristics can be obtained even when the loop elements are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the central axis 55.
- the array antenna device includes, for example, a planar array antenna including the strip conductor 12 formed in the + Y-axis direction or the ⁇ Y-axis direction, a plurality of loop elements, and a microstrip antenna element (each of the above-described embodiments or It is not limited to the structure of the modification of embodiment).
- the array antenna apparatus may be an array antenna having a configuration in which a plurality of planar array antennas corresponding to the configuration of each embodiment or a modification of each embodiment are arranged in the + X-axis or ⁇ X-axis direction.
- the array antenna apparatus can similarly suppress the side lobes with respect to the main beam and realize radiation with higher gain.
- the present disclosure is useful as an array antenna apparatus that suppresses side lobes with respect to the main beam and realizes high gain radiation.
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
先ず、本開示に係るアレーアンテナ装置の実施形態を説明する前に、本開示に係るアレーアンテナ装置に至る経緯について、図面を参照して説明する。放射電波の信号振幅を制御できる従来のアレーアンテナ装置として、例えば下記の参考特許文献1に示すマイクロストリップアレーアンテナが知られている。
以下、本開示に係るアレーアンテナ装置としての平面アレーアンテナの各実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。各実施形態の平面アレーアンテナは、例えば無線通信或いは無線測位に用いられ、マイクロストリップラインの構造を有する。
図1(A),(B)及び(C)は、第1の実施形態の平面アレーアンテナ10の構成を示す斜視図である。図1(A)は、平面アレーアンテナ10の外観を示す斜視図である。図1(B)は、平面アレーアンテナ10の平面図である。図1(C)は、平面アレーアンテナ10の断面図である。図1(A)~(C)において、平面アレーアンテナ10の長手方向をY方向とし、平面アレーアンテナ10の幅方向をX方向とし、平面アレーアンテナ10の厚さ方向をZ方向とする。
図4に示すグラフでは、ストリップ導体12とループ素子14aとの間隔Sの調整は、放射電力を8%から38%までとなる。このため、各々のループ素子の励振分布の調整範囲が限定的になる。
第1の実施形態では、ストリップ導体12とループ素子14aとの間隔Sが狭くなると、放射電力が増大する一方、反射電力も大きくなる平面アレーアンテナ10を説明した。第2の実施形態では、反射電力を低減する平面アレーアンテナの例を説明する。
上述した各実施形態の平面アレーアンテナでは、入力端15に入力された電力は、ループ素子14a,14b,14c,14d,14eにおいて順次、電磁結合して放射されるので、ストリップ導体12を伝搬する電力は、徐々に減衰していく。しかし、ループ素子14eから放射されずに透過する残留電力が存在する。残留電力は平面アレーアンテナにおける電波の放射に寄与しないので、放射効率の低下を招く。
図15は、円偏波特性が得られるループ素子141a,141b,141c,141d,141eを用いた平面アレーアンテナ140の構成を示す斜視図である。平面アレーアンテナ140は、摂動素子を有するループ素子141a,141b,141c,141d,141eと、一部が切り欠かれて摂動素子を有するマイクロストリップアンテナ素子142とを更に有する。
第4の実施形態では、上述した各実施形態又は各実施形態の変形例の平面アレーアンテナにおける各ループ素子の条件(例えば半径R、素子幅W、ストリップ導体12との間隔S)を組み合わせた平面アレーアンテナの例を、各々のループ素子に対して一様励振する場合とループ素子毎に放射電力比が異なる場合とを比較して説明する。一様励振とは、各ループ素子への入力電力と放射電力との比(放射電力比)が全てのループ素子において同一となる放射である。
図23は、第5の実施形態の平面アレーアンテナ170の構成を示す斜視図である。図23に示す平面アレーアンテナ170は、Y軸に沿って設けられたストリップ導体12の中心軸55に対し、ループ素子を対称に配列させた構造である。
11 誘電体基板
12 ストリップ導体
13 導体板
14a~14e、24、34、44、141a~141e、142a~142e、151a~151e、161a~161e ループ素子
15 入力端
21、21a 開口部
41 接続素子
51 導電性接続部
91 摂動素子
101a~101e、152a~152e、162a~162e、201a~201e 整合素子
131、142 マイクロストリップアンテナ素子
Claims (10)
- 基板と、
前記基板の一方の面に形成されたストリップ導体と、
前記基板の一方の面に形成された複数のループ素子と、
前記基板の他方の面に形成された導体板と、を備え、
各々の前記ループ素子は、放射電波の約1波長に相当する周囲長を有し、前記ストリップ導体と電磁的に結合する位置に配置され、前記ストリップ導体に沿って前記1波長の間隔毎に配列された、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
少なくとも一個の前記ループ素子は、一部が切り欠かれた、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
少なくとも一個の前記ループ素子は、摂動素子を有する、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
前記複数のループ素子は、更に、接続素子を介して、前記ストリップ導体に接続されたループ素子を少なくとも1つ含む、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
前記複数のループ素子と前記導体板との間に導電性部材を有し、
少なくとも前記ループ素子の一部が、前記導電性部材を介して、前記導体板と電磁的に接続される、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1から5までのうちいずれか一項に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
前記ストリップ導体を中心軸として、前記複数のループ素子と対称の位置に前記複数のループ素子と同数のループ素子が配列された、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1から6までのうちいずれか一項に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
少なくとも一個の前記ループ素子に対応し、前記ストリップ導体から突起して形成された少なくとも一個の整合素子と、を更に備える、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1から7までのうちいずれか一項に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
前記ストリップ導体の終端に設けられたストリップアンテナ素子と、を更に備える、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1に記載のアレーアンテナ装置であって、
前記複数のループ素子のうち少なくとも1つのループ素子は、
前記ループ素子と前記ストリップ導体との間隔、
前記ループ素子の幅、
前記ループ素子と前記ストリップ導体との直接的接続の有無、
前記ループ素子の一部の切り欠きの有無
及び
前記ループ素子と前記導体板との電磁界的な接続の有無、
のうち少なくとも1つが、他のループ素子と異なる、アレーアンテナ装置。 - 請求項1から9までのうちいずれか一項に記載の複数個のアレーアンテナ装置が、前記ストリップ導体に直交する方向に配列して形成されたアレーアンテナ装置。
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