WO2014024560A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014024560A1 WO2014024560A1 PCT/JP2013/066081 JP2013066081W WO2014024560A1 WO 2014024560 A1 WO2014024560 A1 WO 2014024560A1 JP 2013066081 W JP2013066081 W JP 2013066081W WO 2014024560 A1 WO2014024560 A1 WO 2014024560A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power converter that performs bidirectional DC power conversion between DC voltage sources insulated from each other.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration of an insulated DC / DC converter including a storage battery as a secondary battery and a control technique thereof. Specifically, when charging a storage battery with electric power from a DC power source, an AC voltage is generated by a converter on the primary side (side to which the DC power source is connected), and the primary side converter and the transformer are used. AC power is converted to DC power (diode rectification) by the connected secondary side (side to which the storage battery is connected) converter. When discharging from a storage battery to a DC power source, an AC voltage is generated by a secondary-side converter, and AC power is converted to DC power (diode rectification) by a primary-side converter.
- the power converter device described in patent document 1 rectifies the alternating current waveform supplied from a primary side with the converter connected to the secondary side, for example, when charging a storage battery, Therefore, at least secondary Electric power cannot be supplied unless the maximum amplitude of the AC waveform supplied to the side is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery.
- the converter connected to the primary side rectifies the AC waveform supplied from the secondary side, so at least from the secondary side Power cannot be supplied unless the maximum amplitude of the supplied AC waveform is higher than the voltage of the DC power supply on the primary side.
- the turns ratio of the transformer disposed between the primary-side and secondary-side converters is switched in the power supply direction (charging direction and discharging direction).
- the amplitude of the AC voltage input to the converter on the power supply side is controlled to be higher than the DC output voltage of the power supply side converter.
- the power conversion device described in Patent Document 1 is a converter on the power supply side, generates AC power, and converts the input AC power into DC power in the converter on the power demand side. It is necessary to switch the turn ratio of the transformer disposed between the primary side converter and the secondary side converter in the power supply direction. This increases the size of the transformer and increases the cost.
- a lithium ion battery when used as the storage battery, for example, this problem becomes more serious.
- the battery voltage of a lithium ion battery varies depending on the amount of charge power.
- a lithium ion battery mounted on an electric vehicle has a battery voltage that changes from two hundreds of tens of volts to three hundreds of tens of volts in a normal battery usage range, and therefore 100V or more.
- the voltage range is further variable (for example, 1 ⁇ 2 times) in the process of stepping up and down by the transformer. 2 times).
- the structure of the transformer is further complicated, the transformer cannot be used at the highest efficiency point, and the loss increases with cost.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to exchange power energy bidirectionally between two DC voltage sources insulated by a transformer.
- the transformer In the power converter to be used, it is not necessary to change the turns ratio of the transformer depending on the power supply direction or the voltages of the two DC voltage sources, the transformer can be used optimally, and a low-cost, low-loss power converter can be obtained. It is to provide.
- the power conversion device of the present invention includes a switching device, an inverter operation that performs DC / AC bidirectional conversion by driving the switching device on / off, and a rectification operation that turns off the switching device and converts AC to DC.
- a first power converter and a second power converter capable of performing the above, an insulating transformer connecting the AC side terminal of the first power converter and the AC side terminal of the second power converter;
- the control circuit has four control modes: a first rectification control mode, a first inverter control mode, a second rectification control mode, and a second inverter control mode.
- the control circuit controls the output of the first power converter by the inverter operation when the power is supplied from the first DC voltage source to the second DC voltage source.
- the command value for controlling the first power converter is equal to or higher than a first set value using the first rectification control mode for controlling the second power converter
- the inverter operation causes the first power conversion.
- the output is controlled to be fixed, and the inverter operation is switched to the first inverter control mode in which the second power converter is controlled to move the output.
- control circuit controls the output of the second power converter by the inverter operation when the power is supplied from the second DC voltage source to the first DC voltage source, and by the rectifying operation.
- the inverter operation causes the second The output of the power converter is controlled to be fixed, and the second inverter control mode for controlling the output of the first power converter by the inverter operation is switched.
- the turn ratio of the insulation transformer can be made constant, and the insulation transformer can be used optimally. For this reason, the size and cost of the insulation transformer can be reduced, and unnecessary power loss can be suppressed to improve the power conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing an internal configuration of a DC / DC control circuit 14 shown in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows the example of a waveform of the control signal at the time of charge control by the 1st inverter control mode of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a waveform of the control signal at the time of charge control by the 1st rectification control mode of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown by FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a control command value and charge / discharge power when the control signals shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 are output in the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the electrical storage electric energy of each storage battery, and the voltage of a storage battery.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a control command value and a charging current at the time of charging a storage battery in the inverter control mode in this Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a control command value and a charging current at the time of charging a storage battery in the rectification
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a DC bus voltage and a ripple current at the time of charging a storage battery in each control mode in this Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the control flow at the time of charge of the DC / DC control circuit 14 shown by FIG. 3 in this Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart for explaining an operation during charging of the DC / DC control circuit 14 shown in FIG. 3 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a control flow at the time of discharging of the DC / DC control circuit 14 shown in FIG. 3 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a control flow at the time of discharging of the DC / DC control circuit 14 shown in FIG. 3 in the first embodiment.
- 4 is a timing chart for explaining an operation during discharging of the DC / DC control circuit 14 shown in FIG. 3 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a power conversion device 10 is connected between a DC / AC conversion circuit 17 that is a first DC voltage source and a storage battery 1 that is a second DC voltage source, and is described in detail later.
- a DC / DC conversion circuit 13 and a DC / DC control circuit 14 as a control circuit for controlling the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 are provided.
- the storage battery 1 includes a storage battery management unit 2 that manages characteristics such as the amount of stored power of the storage battery 1, the temperature inside the storage battery 1, and SoC (State of Charge is also Charge).
- the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 converts the voltage (DC bus voltage) of the DC bus 21 output from the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 into AC power and outputs the AC power to the power system 3 and the AC load 4. Further, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 can also convert the AC power supplied from the power system 3 into DC power and charge the storage battery 1 via the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 as a first DC voltage source.
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 functions as a DC voltage control circuit that controls the DC bus voltage by controlling the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- a voltmeter 11 that measures the output voltage of the storage battery 1
- an ammeter 12 that measures the current output from the storage battery 1
- a voltmeter 15 that measures the DC bus voltage output from the DC / DC conversion circuit 13
- a DC An ammeter 16 that measures the current output from the DC / DC conversion circuit 13
- a voltmeter 19 that measures the alternating voltage output from the DC / AC conversion circuit 17, and an alternating current output from the DC / AC conversion circuit 17
- An ammeter 20 is provided.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration example of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 of FIG.
- the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 includes a first power converter 41 whose DC side terminal is connected to the DC side terminal of the DC / AC conversion circuit 17, and its DC side terminal connected to the storage battery 1.
- Two power converters 42 and an insulating transformer 36 are provided.
- the primary winding of the insulation transformer 36 is connected to the AC side terminal of the first power converter 41, and the secondary winding electrically insulated from the primary winding is connected via the reactor 35 to the first winding. It is connected to the AC side terminal of the second power converter 42.
- the first power converter 41 is configured in two arms, and includes four switching devices 31a to 31d, level conversion buffers 37a to 37d, and a capacitor 33, which are responsible for a rectification operation and an inverter operation, which will be described in detail later. I have.
- the level conversion buffers 37a to 37d convert the signal level of the control signal supplied to the switching devices 31a to 31d into a predetermined level. Further, the capacitor 33 smoothes the output power from the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the second power converter 42 is configured in two arms, and includes four switching devices 32a to 32d, level conversion buffers 38a to 38d, and a capacitor 34, which are responsible for a rectification operation and an inverter operation, which will be described in detail later. I have.
- the level conversion buffers 38a to 38d convert the signal level of the control signal supplied to the switching devices 32a to 32d into a predetermined level. Further, the capacitor 34 smoothes the output power of the storage battery 1.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the DC / DC control circuit 14 of FIG.
- a DC / DC control circuit 14 includes a charging inverter mode control circuit 51 for outputting control signals (PWM signals) Ga to Gd for controlling supply of charging power to the storage battery 1 in a first inverter control mode, A charge rectification mode control circuit 52 that outputs control signals (PWM signals) Ga to Gd for controlling supply of charging power to the storage battery 1 in the first rectification control mode, and a discharge from the storage battery 1 in the second inverter control mode.
- PWM signals control signals
- a discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 that outputs control signals (PWM signals) Ga to Gd for controlling power supply, and a control signal (PWM signal) Ga for controlling supply of discharge power from the storage battery 1 in the second rectification control mode.
- Discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 for outputting .about.Gd.
- the DC / DC control circuit 14 further includes a switching circuit 55 for switching the control circuits 51 to 54, and a storage battery control circuit 56 for selecting a control target value and a control algorithm for controlling the storage battery 1. Yes.
- the duty ratio command values A to D are generated as control command values, and the control signals Ga to Gd are output based on the command values A to D.
- the switching devices 32b and 32c of the second power converter 42 are driven and controlled by the control signal Ga based on the command value A, and the switching device of the second power converter 42 is controlled by the control signal Gb based on the command value B.
- 32a and 32d are driven and controlled.
- the switching devices 31b and 31c of the first power converter 41 are driven and controlled by the control signal Gc based on the command value C, and the switching device 31a of the first power converter 41 is controlled by the control signal Gd based on the command value D. , 31d are driven and controlled.
- FIG. 4 shows control signals supplied to the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d when the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown in FIG. 2 is charged in the first inverter control mode by the charging inverter mode control circuit 51. Waveform is shown.
- the inverter control mode during charging is generally a control method used when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 is lower than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- power can be supplied from a power source having a low DC voltage to a power source having a high DC voltage by an operation of once sending the power energy stored in the reactor 35 to the storage battery 1.
- power can be supplied from a power source having a high DC voltage to a power source having a low DC voltage. Further explanation of this control mode will be described later.
- the switching devices 31a to 31d of the first power converter 41 are driven at a duty ratio of 50% to generate AC power.
- the command values C and D are fixed at a duty ratio of 50%, and the lengths of the “H” periods of the control signal Gc and the control signal Gd are equal.
- the switching devices 32a to 32d of the second power converter 42 are driven by control signals Ga and Gb based on variably generated command values A and B to control charging power (charging current).
- the operation in which the first and second power converters 41 and 42 perform power conversion between direct current and alternating current by driving the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d on and off is referred to as inverter operation.
- Control for fixing the command value is referred to as output fixing control
- control generated by variably calculating the command value is referred to as output movable control. That is, in the inverter control mode at the time of charging shown in FIG. 4, the first power converter 41 is controlled by output fixing control by inverter operation, and the second power converter 42 is controlled by output movable control by inverter operation.
- FIG. 5 shows control signals supplied to the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d when the charge control of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown in FIG. 2 is performed in the first rectification control mode by the charge rectification mode control circuit 52. Waveform is shown.
- the rectification control mode during charging (first rectification control mode) is a control method used when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the switching devices 31a to 31d of the first power converter 41 are driven by control signals Gc and Gd based on the generated command values C and D, that is, the first power converter 41 is driven.
- AC power is generated by controlling the output movement by inverter operation.
- each switching device 32a to 32d of the second power converter 42 operates as a diode switch that rectifies AC power.
- each of the first and second power converters 41 and 42 fixes the nodes of the respective switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d and converts the alternating current into the direct current is referred to as a rectifying operation.
- the first power converter 41 is controlled by the output movable control by the inverter operation, and the second power converter 42 is controlled by the rectification operation.
- the charging control in the first rectification control mode is configured as described above, so that power cannot be supplied when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 is lower than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- power can be supplied even when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 as described above.
- the switching devices 32a to 32d are not switched and are used as diode rectifiers, so that the switching loss of the switching devices 32a to 32d is reduced. Thereby, power conversion can be performed more efficiently than in the first inverter control mode. Therefore, in the first embodiment, as will be described later, charging / discharging control of the storage battery 1 is efficiently performed by suppressing unnecessary power conversion loss by suppressing charging / discharging control in an unnecessary inverter control mode. It is comprised so that it can do.
- FIG. 6 shows control signals supplied to the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d when the discharge control is performed in the second inverter control mode by the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 for the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown in FIG. Waveform is shown.
- the inverter control mode during discharge is a control method used when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the switching devices 32a to 32d of the second power converter 42 are driven at a duty ratio of 50% to generate AC power.
- the command values A and B are fixed at a duty ratio of 50%, and the lengths of the “H” periods of the control signal Ga and the control signal Gb are equal.
- the switching devices 31a to 31d of the first power converter 41 are driven by control signals Gc and Gd based on variably generated command values C and D to control the discharge power. That is, in the inverter control mode at the time of discharging shown in FIG. 6, the second power converter 42 is controlled by output fixing control by inverter operation, and the first power converter 41 is controlled by output movable control by inverter operation.
- FIG. 7 shows control signals supplied to the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d when the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 shown in FIG. 2 is controlled to be discharged in the second rectification control mode by the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54. Waveform is shown.
- the rectification control mode during discharge (second rectification control mode) is a control method used when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is lower than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the switching devices 32a to 32d of the second power converter 42 are driven by control signals Ga and Gb based on the generated command values A and B, that is, the second power converter 42 is driven.
- AC power is generated by controlling the output movement by inverter operation.
- the switching devices 31a to 31d of the first power converter 41 are fixed at the node off so as not to switch.
- each switching device 31a to 31d of the first power converter 41 operates as a diode switch that rectifies AC power. That is, in the rectification control mode at the time of discharging shown in FIG. 7, the second power converter 42 is controlled by the output movable control by the inverter operation, and the first power converter 41 is controlled by the rectification operation.
- the discharge control in the second rectification control mode is configured as described above, power cannot be supplied when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the discharge control in the second inverter control mode power can be supplied even when the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 is lower than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the duty ratio, which is a control command value (hereinafter simply referred to as a command value) in the inverter control mode and the rectification control mode, and the power during charging and discharging.
- a control command value hereinafter simply referred to as a command value
- the first inverter control mode and the second inverter control mode differ only in the power transfer direction, which is the charge / discharge direction, and are simply referred to as the inverter control mode unless the charge / discharge direction is specified.
- the first rectification control mode and the second rectification control mode differ only in the direction of charge / discharge, and when the direction of charge / discharge is not designated, it is simply referred to as a rectification control mode.
- the inverter control mode when used, much electric power can be exchanged, but it responds sensitively to changes in the command value. Further, in the rectification control mode, it responds gently to changes in the command value, but the amount of power that can be supplied is smaller than in the inverter control mode.
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the voltage of each storage battery and the amount of stored power (hereinafter referred to as SoC).
- SoC the amount of stored power
- the SoC of a battery mounted on an electric vehicle varies depending on the vehicle type.
- the power converter device which contains the storage battery is also marketed, the SoC of the storage battery also differs for every manufacturer.
- a control method of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 that can be applied even when connected to a plurality of storage batteries (for example, storage batteries and stationary storage batteries mounted on electric vehicles having different SoCs) will be described below.
- an area indicated as a DC bus voltage control range indicates a voltage range of the DC bus 21 in which the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 operates stably.
- the insulating transformer 36 is fixed to a fixed turns ratio by appropriately switching between the rectification control mode and the inverter control mode described above in the charging and discharging operations. It is to be able to adapt smoothly to fluctuations of both DC voltages to be converted.
- FIGS. 10 to 12 show various characteristics to be taken into consideration when determining the selection switching procedure.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the command value (Duty ratio) and the charging current when the storage battery 1 is charged in the first inverter control mode.
- FIG. 10A shows characteristics when the voltage of the storage battery 1 is equal to or higher than the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21.
- FIG. 10B shows characteristics when the voltage of the storage battery 1 is less than the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21.
- the output of the second power converter 42 is set to zero. Even when the command value to the second power converter 42 becomes 0, some charging current flows. This is substantially the same circuit operation as the second power converter 42 when the command value to the first power converter 41 is set to 50% in the first rectification control mode, that is, to the storage battery 1. The output does not become zero.
- the relationship between the command value and the discharge current is that the power supply direction is opposite, so the voltage of the storage battery 1 and the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 are
- the characteristics are the same as in FIG. Specifically, when the voltage of the storage battery 1 is equal to or lower than the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21, the discharge current becomes 0 A when the command value becomes 0, as shown in FIG.
- the voltage of the storage battery 1 exceeds the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21
- the discharge current does not become 0 even when the command value becomes 0.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the command value (Duty ratio) and the charging current when the storage battery 1 is charged in the first rectification control mode.
- the maximum amount of charging current is determined by the magnitude of the differential voltage ⁇ V obtained by subtracting the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 from the DC bus voltage. Specifically, when ⁇ V decreases, the maximum charging current amount decreases, and when the DC bus voltage becomes equal to or lower than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1, the charging current becomes zero.
- the relationship between the command value and the discharge current when discharging from the storage battery 1 in the second rectification control mode is that the power supply direction is opposite. Therefore, the calculation method of ⁇ V is the DC bus voltage from the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the relationship (characteristic) between the command value and the discharge current does not change.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of the relationship between the DC bus voltage and the ripple current during charging in each control mode.
- the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 is 300V
- the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 is connected to the power system (200V)
- the DC bus voltage is controlled between 300V and 400V.
- the ripple current at the time of charging is shown based on the following reason. For example, when a lithium ion battery is used as the storage battery 1, charging of electric power is performed by a chemical reaction. Therefore, when the charging current changes abruptly, or when a ripple with a large amplitude is superimposed on the charging current, the chemical reaction does not follow and metal lithium is deposited and the storage battery 1 is deteriorated. Similarly, when the battery is charged at a high temperature, the deterioration of the storage battery 1 proceeds. If the charging current is large, the amount of heat generated during charging increases, the cell temperature of the battery rises, and the storage battery 1 deteriorates.
- the charging current amount to the storage battery 1 is slowly increased by adopting the first rectification control mode at the time of startup. Further, by not using the first inverter control mode unnecessarily, the ripple current superimposed on the charging current is kept small.
- a control method capable of minimizing the load on the storage battery 1 during charging and minimizing deterioration of the storage battery 1 will be described.
- the ripple current increases.
- a DC voltage on the power supply side corresponding to the voltage of the first DC voltage source at the time of charging
- a DC voltage on the power receiving side second DC at the time of charging
- the ripple current decreases as the difference in voltage (which corresponds to the voltage of the voltage source) increases.
- the power supply side and the power receiving side are opposite to those at the time of charging, so the tendency of ripple current is opposite to that at the time of charging. That is, in the second rectification control mode during discharge, the ripple current decreases as the DC bus voltage increases, and in the second inverter control mode during discharge, the ripple current increases as the DC bus voltage increases.
- the storage battery 1 is deteriorated when the discharge current changes sharply or when a large amplitude ripple is superimposed on the discharge current. Therefore, in the first embodiment, a control method for minimizing the load applied to the storage battery 1 during discharging and minimizing the deterioration of the storage battery 1 will also be described.
- the first power converter 41 is the primary side
- the second power converter 42 is the secondary side
- the command value to the first power converter 41 is the primary side command value
- the second power converter 42 is.
- the command value for is used as the secondary command value.
- 13 and 14 are diagrams showing a control flow when the DC / DC control circuit 14 is charged.
- HEMS Home Energy Management System
- the DC / DC control circuit 14 The storage battery control circuit 56 checks whether the storage battery 1 can be charged (step S11 in FIG. 13).
- the storage battery control circuit 56 requests the storage battery management unit 2 in the storage battery 1 to notify the charge power amount of the storage battery 1 and chargeability information.
- the storage battery management unit 2 notifies the storage battery control circuit 56 of the possibility of charging and the amount of charge power.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 receives a notification that charging is not possible (No in step S11)
- the storage battery control circuit 56 notifies the HEMS to that effect and waits until the next command is notified.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to connect to the power system 3.
- the power converter device 10 is started by the charge / discharge instruction
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 receives the activation instruction from the storage battery control circuit 56, the DC / AC control circuit 18 starts to control the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 so as to obtain a predetermined DC bus voltage value.
- the central voltage (350 V) in the DC bus voltage control range shown in FIG. 9 is set as the initial value of the DC bus voltage control target. Needless to say, the initial value is not limited to 350V.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is managed by the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the DC bus voltage value output from the voltmeter 15 and waits until the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 reaches a predetermined voltage. When the DC bus voltage becomes a predetermined voltage, the storage battery control circuit 56 outputs a charge request to the storage battery management unit 2 in the storage battery 1. When receiving the charge request from the storage battery control circuit 56, the storage battery management unit 2 confirms the status information of the storage battery 1, and the stored power amount, the upper limit voltage of the storage battery 1, the lower limit voltage, the temperature information of the storage battery 1, the maximum charging current information, Outputs the maximum stored power and storage battery voltage.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 confirms the stored power amount of the storage battery 1.
- the stored power amount exceeds 90% of the maximum stored power amount, it is determined that the battery is fully charged, a charge impossible notification is notified to the HEMS, a stop request is output to the DC / AC control circuit 18, and the next command Wait until you receive
- the amount of stored power is less than 90%, charging is performed until the amount of stored power exceeds 95%.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 sets the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 to the DC / AC control circuit 18 for DC bus voltage control for the reason described later.
- An instruction is given to change the range to 400 V, which is the upper limit of the range (step S12).
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 changes the control target value and outputs a control signal to the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 activates the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 in the first rectification control mode (step S13).
- the start instruction is output to the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 and the switch circuit 55 is instructed to output the control signals Ga to Gd output from the charge rectification mode control circuit 52.
- the charging rectification mode control circuit 52 is started from a predetermined initial value.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command values C and D, which are primary side command values output from the charge rectification mode control circuit 52. Then, whether or not the command values C and D of the control signals Gc and Gd output to the first power converter 41 are maximized is detected based on the upper limit value of the command values C and D or the upper limit value. Check by comparing with the set value (maximum value) set in consideration. This set value becomes the first set value (step S14). In step S ⁇ b> 14, it is determined that the output (charging current) to the storage battery 1 reaches the upper limit value that can be output in the first rectification control mode based on the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 and cannot be secured any more.
- step S14 If the command values C and D are less than the set value (maximum value) (No in step S14), whether there is a charge stop request instruction from the HEMS (not shown), or whether there is a charge stop instruction from the storage battery management unit 2, Alternatively, it is confirmed whether the amount of charged power exceeds 95% (step S15). In addition, when the instruction value of the charging current is 0 A, it is determined that the instruction is to stop charging. If there is no instruction to stop charging, or if the amount of charge power is less than 95% (No in step S15), the process returns to step S14 and continues to monitor the command value.
- the charge control is terminated as follows. That is, the storage battery control circuit 56 instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to change the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 to the original 350 V, and the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 Stop charging control. Then, after the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 has converged to 350V, the HEMS is notified that charging has been stopped, and the next operation instruction is awaited. If there is no instruction from the HEMS after waiting for a predetermined time, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 is stopped.
- step S14 when the command values C and D output from the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 are equal to or greater than the set value (maximum value), that is, the output (charge current) to the storage battery 1 is equal to or greater than the first upper limit value. If this occurs (Yes in step S14), no more charging current can be output from the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 depending on the first rectification control mode. Then, the storage battery control circuit 56 instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to change the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 from 400V to 380V for a reason described later. (Step S16).
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 changes the control target value and outputs a control signal to the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 activates the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 in the first inverter control mode (step S17). Specifically, a stop instruction is issued to the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 and a start instruction is output to the charge inverter mode control circuit 51.
- the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 maintains various registers and variable values and stops.
- charging inverter mode control circuit 51 starts control from a predetermined initial value.
- FIG. 15 shows the operation when the DC bus voltage is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- FIG. 15A shows a control target value waveform of the DC bus voltage.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the voltage value.
- FIG. 15B shows a target value of the charging current output from the storage battery management unit 2 and changes in the charging current output from the second power converter 42 to the storage battery 1.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the current value.
- FIG. 15C shows a command value (Duty ratio) waveform generated in the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 and the charging rectification mode control circuit 52 in the DC / DC control circuit 14.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents numerical values of command values generated for controlling the first power converter 41 and the second power converter 42.
- FIG. 15 (d) shows a change in the stored power amount of the storage battery 1.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the amount of stored power (%) stored in the storage battery 1 by charging.
- the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 When a charging start command is input from the HEMS and charging permission is received from the storage battery management unit 2, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 is connected to the power system 3 as described above. When connected to the power system 3 and the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 becomes 350V, the storage battery control circuit 56 starts charging the storage battery 1. When charging of the storage battery 1 is started, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 performs control by changing the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 to 400 V which is the upper limit value of the voltage range (FIG. 15 ( a) See time t1). On the other hand, the storage battery control circuit 56 issues a start instruction to the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 and also instructs the switching circuit 55 to select the output of the charge rectification mode control circuit 52.
- the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 When receiving the activation instruction, the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 starts control of the charge current based on the target value of the charge current output from the storage battery management unit 2 (broken line in FIG. 15B). In the period of time t1-t2, the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 generates command values C and D (primary side command values) for controlling the first power converter 41 and outputs control signals Gc and Gd. The DC / DC conversion circuit 13 is controlled in the first rectification control mode.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is increased to 400V (system upper limit voltage). This is due to the following reason.
- AC voltage (AC power) is generated on the power supply side, and the AC voltage (AC power) input from the power supply side is converted to DC voltage (DC power) by diode rectification on the power receiving side.
- DC power DC voltage
- the charging current ripple increases as the DC bus voltage increases, but the rectification control mode is smaller than the inverter control mode, so that the deterioration given to the storage battery 1 by charging is suppressed to a small level. Can do.
- the charge current range that can be managed in the first rectification control mode is expanded, and the application of the first inverter control mode is suppressed, so that deterioration due to charging given to the storage battery 1 is reduced. There is an effect that can be reduced.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is set to the upper limit voltage of the control range.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and is close to the upper limit voltage in consideration of, for example, steady deviation during control. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even when the voltage is set to a predetermined value.
- the first rectification control mode cannot secure a sufficient charging current as compared with the first inverter control mode. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15C, the command value for controlling the first power converter 41 reaches the set value (maximum value) before the charging current reaches the target value of the charging current (FIG. 15). During time t2), no more charging current can be secured in the first rectification control mode.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command value from the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 and confirms that the upper limit value (maximum value) has been reached. In the first rectification control mode, the storage battery control circuit 56 secures more charge current. (Yes in step S14 in FIG. 13), and the control mode is switched to the first inverter control mode.
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 is instructed to change the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 (400 ⁇ 380 V), the stop instruction to the charge rectification mode control circuit 52, the charge inverter mode
- the control circuit 51 is instructed to start, and the switching circuit 55 is instructed to select the output of the charging inverter mode control circuit 51.
- the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 holds various registers, control variables and the like and stops.
- the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 starts control from the initial value (see the inverter control mode in FIG. 15C).
- the current range (power range) that cannot be managed in the first rectification control mode can be managed in the first inverter control mode.
- this control method it is possible to cover up to a high charging current (charging power) range, and as described above, if the charging current (charging power) is small, the charging current ripple should be kept small. It is possible to reduce deterioration caused to the storage battery 1.
- the circuit operation of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 when the maximum current (maximum power) is supplied to the storage battery 1 in the first rectification control mode is the storage battery with the command value “0” in the first inverter control mode. This is the same as the operation when power is supplied to 1. Therefore, when switching the control, there is no need to temporarily stop the operation of the first power converter 41 and the second power converter 42, and there is an effect that the control method can be switched seamlessly and smoothly. .
- the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is lowered from 400V to 380V.
- the target value of the charging current is substantially the same as the charging current value that can be supplied in the first rectification control mode
- the hunting of the control mode specifically In this case, a state occurs in which the first rectification control mode and the first inverter control mode are alternately switched and the control mode is not stable.
- the DC bus voltage is lowered by a predetermined amount (20 V here) from the value before switching, and the maximum current (power) that can be supplied in the first rectification control mode is set.
- the maximum current (power) that can be supplied in the first rectification control mode is set.
- the control target value of the DC bus voltage is set to 380 V.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained by taking a value lower than the control target value of the DC bus voltage in the first rectification control mode before switching by a predetermined amount.
- the ripple amount of the charging current increases. Therefore, when determining the control target value of the DC bus voltage, it goes without saying that it is desirable to set the maximum voltage within a range where the hunting can be prevented.
- the amount of stored power in the storage battery 1 gradually increases by the above charging operation.
- the description of the subsequent charging operation will be continued with reference to FIG.
- the storage battery management unit 2 stops charging the storage battery 1, and as shown in FIG. Is gradually lowered.
- the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 gradually reduces the command value to reduce the charging current as shown in the figure.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command value information in the charging inverter mode control circuit 51. And it is confirmed whether the command value of the 2nd power converter 42 which is a secondary side command value became "0" (Step S18 of Drawing 14).
- step S18 the storage battery control circuit 56 uses the ammeter 12 to measure the current to the storage battery 1. It is confirmed whether or not “0” has been reached (step S19 in FIG. 14). As described above with reference to FIG. 10B, when the DC bus voltage is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1, the charging current is reduced to “0” even if the command value in the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 becomes “0”. It is not possible. Therefore, in the first embodiment, even when the command value of the second power converter 42 in the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 is “0”, the charging current is flowing (No in step S19). Returning to step S12, the control mode is switched back to the first rectification control mode and the control is continued (see the rectification control mode in FIG. 15).
- step S19 If the charging current is 0 (Yes in step S19) due to the relationship between the DC bus voltage at that time and the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 (Yes in step S19), the process proceeds to step S20, and it is determined that charging has not been completed and there is no instruction to continue charging. If it is (Yes in step S20), the storage battery charging control is terminated. In this case, the charging control is terminated in the first inverter control mode without returning to the first rectification control mode again.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 determines to shift to the first rectification control mode, it instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to change the control target of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 to the original 400V. (Step S12 of FIG. 13) and the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 are started. At that time, the switching circuit 55 is instructed to output a control signal output from the charge rectification mode control circuit 52.
- the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 starts control using the register value and variable value held at the end of the previous control as initial values (time t3 in FIG. 15).
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command value and charging current in the charging rectification mode control circuit 52, and when the command value and charging current become “0”. Judging that the charging is completed (Yes in step S15 in FIG. 13), initializes registers and variables related to the charging control in the DC / DC control circuit 14, and notifies the HEMS that the charging is completed. Then, the power converter is stopped. It should be noted that after the transition to the first rectification control mode, the charge current command value or the like changes and the command value output from the charge rectification mode control circuit 52 becomes a set value (maximum value) (in step S14 in FIG. 13). Yes) again shifts to the first inverter control mode (steps S16 and S17).
- the power conversion device when charging the storage battery 1, activates the control mode of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 in the first rectification control mode.
- the control mode is switched to the first inverter control mode. For this reason, when the target charging current (power) is small, charging in the first rectification control mode can suppress the charging current ripple to be small, and the effect of minimizing the deterioration given to the storage battery 1 can be achieved. is there. Further, when the target charging current (electric power) cannot be obtained, the control mode is switched to the first inverter control mode in which the charging current can be sufficiently secured, so that it is possible to cope with a case where rapid charging is necessary. is there.
- the power converter device of this Embodiment 1 implements a cooperation driving
- the initial values of charging inverter mode control circuit 51 and charging rectification mode control circuit 52 are not mentioned, but will be described below.
- the control signal supplied to the switching device is “0” during a period in which the command value cannot secure a pulse width longer than the time specified by the dead time. It becomes.
- the control is switched, a time during which the charge current amount (power amount) does not change appears.
- the initial values of the registers and variables used for the control of the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 and the charging rectification mode control circuit 52 are set to the initial values (dead time amount) in consideration of the dead time.
- each register used for controlling the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 and the charging rectification mode control circuit 52 and initial values of variables are provided.
- the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is switched when the control mode is switched, there is an effect of suppressing hunting that occurs when the control mode is switched.
- the DC bus voltage is higher than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 in the inverter control mode, the charging current cannot be reduced to “0” even if the command value in the charging inverter mode control circuit 51 is “0”.
- the control mode is switched again to the first rectification control mode, there is an effect that the charging current can be finally set to “0”.
- the charging current that is the output to the storage battery 1 is determined based on the output of the ammeter 12, but this is not restrictive. .
- it may be determined from the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 and the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the determination of the charging current value or the like may be a value that anticipates the error of sensors such as the ammeter.
- the control mode switching may be determined by combining the charging current, the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 and the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- 16 and 17 are diagrams showing a control flow during discharging of the DC / DC control circuit 14.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 in the DC / DC control circuit 14 confirms whether the storage battery 1 can be discharged. (Step S31 in FIG. 16).
- the storage battery control circuit 56 requests the storage battery management unit 2 in the storage battery 1 to notify the charge power amount of the storage battery 1 and the discharge availability information.
- the storage battery management unit 2 notifies the storage battery control circuit 56 of whether discharge is possible and the amount of charge power.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 receives a notification that discharge is not possible (No in step S31)
- the storage battery control circuit 56 notifies the HEMS that discharge is not possible and the amount of stored power of the storage battery 1, and waits until the next command is notified.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to connect to the power system 3.
- the description has been given also at the time of charging.
- the power conversion device 10 will be described as being activated by a charge / discharge instruction from an external HEMS and stopped at a normal time for power saving.
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 receives the activation instruction from the storage battery control circuit 56, the DC / AC control circuit 18 starts to control the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 so as to obtain a predetermined DC bus voltage value.
- the central voltage (350 V) in the DC bus voltage control range shown in FIG. 9 is set as the initial value of the DC bus voltage control target.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is managed by the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the DC bus voltage value output from the voltmeter 15 and waits until the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 reaches a predetermined voltage in the same manner as during charging. When the DC bus voltage becomes a predetermined voltage, the storage battery control circuit 56 outputs a discharge request to the storage battery management unit 2 in the storage battery 1. When receiving a discharge request from the storage battery control circuit 56, the storage battery management unit 2 confirms the status information of the storage battery 1, and the stored power amount, the upper limit voltage of the storage battery 1, the lower limit voltage, the temperature information of the storage battery 1, the maximum discharge current information, Outputs the maximum stored power and storage battery voltage.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 confirms the stored power amount of the storage battery 1.
- the stored power amount is less than 20% of the minimum stored power amount, it is determined that the stored power amount is insufficient, and a discharge impossible notification is notified to the HEMS, and a stop request is output to the DC / AC control circuit 18, and the next command Wait until you receive
- the stored power amount is 20% or more, discharging is performed until the stored power amount is less than 20%.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 sets the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 to the DC / AC control circuit 18 for DC bus voltage control for the reason described later.
- An instruction is issued to change the range to 300 V, which is the lower limit of the range (step S32).
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 changes the control target value and outputs a control signal to the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 activates the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 in the second rectification control mode (step S33).
- a start instruction is output to the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 and an instruction is issued to the switching circuit 55 to output the control signals Ga to Gd output from the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 starts with a predetermined initial value.
- the discharge current amount (or discharge power amount) is notified from the external HEMS to the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 via the storage battery control circuit 56.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 controls the amount of discharge power from the storage battery 1 using the notified amount of discharge current (or amount of discharge power) as a target value.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command values A and B, which are secondary command values output from the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54. Then, whether or not the command values A and B of the control signals Ga and Gb output to the second power converter 42 are maximized is detected based on the upper limit value of the command values A and B or the upper limit value. Check by comparing with the set value (maximum value) set in consideration. This set value becomes the second set value (step S34). In this step S34, it is determined that the output (discharge current) from the storage battery 1 reaches the upper limit value that can be output in the second rectification control mode based on the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54, and cannot be secured any more.
- step S34 If the command values A and B are less than the set value (maximum value) (No in step S34), whether there is a discharge stop request instruction from a HEMS (not shown) or a discharge stop instruction from the storage battery management unit 2, Alternatively, it is confirmed whether the remaining amount of stored power of the storage battery 1 is less than 20% (step S35). If there is no discharge stop instruction, or if the amount of charge power is 20% or more (No in step S35), the process returns to step S34, and the monitoring of the command value is continued.
- the discharge control is ended as follows. That is, the storage battery control circuit 56 instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to change the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 to the original 350 V, and the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 Stop the discharge control. Then, after the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 has converged to 350 V, the HEMS is notified that the discharge has been stopped, and the next operation instruction is awaited. If there is no instruction from the HEMS after waiting for a predetermined time, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 is stopped.
- step S34 when the command values A and B output from the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 are equal to or greater than the set value (maximum value), that is, the output (discharge current) from the storage battery 1 is equal to or greater than the second upper limit value. If this occurs (Yes in step S34), no more discharge current (discharge power) can be output from the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 depending on the second rectification control mode. Then, the storage battery control circuit 56 instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to increase the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 from 300V to a predetermined amount by 400V for reasons described later. (Step S36).
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 changes the control target value and outputs a control signal to the DC / AC conversion circuit 17.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 activates the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 in the second inverter control mode (step S37). Specifically, a stop instruction is issued to the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 and a start instruction is output to the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 maintains various registers and variable values and stops.
- discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 starts control from a predetermined initial value.
- FIG. 18 shows an operation when the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 is higher than the DC bus voltage.
- FIG. 18 (a) shows a control target value waveform of the DC bus voltage.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the voltage value.
- FIG. 18B shows the target value of the discharge current output from the HEMS and the waveform of the discharge current output from the first power converter 41.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the current value.
- FIG. 18C shows a control command value (Duty ratio) waveform generated in the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 and the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 in the DC / DC control circuit 14.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents numerical values of command values generated for controlling the first power converter 41 and the second power converter 42.
- FIG. 18 (d) shows a change in the stored power amount of the storage battery 1.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the amount of stored power (%) that changes due to discharge.
- the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 When a discharge start command is input from the HEMS and discharge permission is received from the storage battery management unit 2, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 is connected to the power system 3 as described above. Then, when connected to the power system 3 and the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 becomes 350 V, the storage battery control circuit 56 starts discharging from the storage battery 1. When discharging from the storage battery 1 is started, the DC / AC conversion circuit 17 performs control by changing the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 to 300 V, which is the lower limit value of the voltage range (FIG. 18 ( a) See time t1).
- the storage battery control circuit 56 issues a start instruction to the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 and also instructs the switching circuit 55 to select the output of the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 starts the control of the discharge current based on the target value of the discharge current output from the HEMS (broken line in FIG. 18B).
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 generates command values A and B (secondary command values) for controlling the second power converter 42 and outputs control signals Ga and Gb.
- the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 is controlled by the second rectification control mode.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is lowered to 300 V (system lower limit voltage). This is due to the following reason.
- AC voltage (AC power) is generated on the power supply side, and the AC voltage (AC power) input from the power supply side is converted to DC voltage (DC power) by diode rectification on the power receiving side.
- DC power DC voltage
- the discharge current ripple increases when the DC bus voltage becomes lower, unlike in charging, but the rectification control mode is smaller than the inverter control mode, so that the storage battery 1 is discharged by discharge.
- the deterioration given can be kept small.
- the discharge current range that can be managed in the second rectification control mode is expanded, and the opportunity for application of the second inverter control mode is suppressed, so that deterioration due to discharge given to the storage battery 1 is reduced. There is an effect that can be reduced.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is set to the lower limit voltage of the control range.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and is close to the lower limit voltage in consideration of, for example, steady deviation during control. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even when the voltage is set to a predetermined value.
- the second rectification control mode cannot secure a sufficient discharge current as compared with the second inverter control mode. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 18C, the command value for controlling the second power converter 42 reaches the set value (maximum value) before the discharge current reaches the target value of the discharge current (FIG. 18). During time t2), no more discharge current can be secured in the second rectification control mode.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command value of the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 and confirms that the upper limit value (maximum value) has been reached, the storage battery control circuit 56 can secure a higher discharge current in the second rectification control mode. It is determined that this is not possible (Yes in step S34 in FIG.
- the control mode is switched to the second inverter control mode.
- the DC / AC control circuit 18 is instructed to change the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus bus 21 (300 ⁇ 400V), the stop instruction to the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54, the discharge inverter mode
- the control circuit 53 is instructed to start, and the switching circuit 55 is instructed to select the output of the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 When receiving the stop instruction, the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 holds various registers, control variables and the like and stops. Moreover, the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 starts control from an initial value (refer to the inverter control mode in FIG. 18C). As described above, by switching the control mode, the current range (power range) that cannot be managed in the second rectification control mode can be managed in the second inverter control mode. For this reason, by adopting this control method, it is possible to cover a high discharge current (discharge power) range, and as described above, when the discharge current (discharge power) is small, the discharge current ripple is kept small. It is possible to reduce deterioration caused to the storage battery 1.
- the circuit operation of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 when the maximum current (maximum power) is output from the storage battery 1 in the second rectification control mode is the storage battery with the command value “0” in the second inverter control mode.
- the operation is the same as when power is output from 1. Therefore, when switching the control, there is no need to temporarily stop the operation of the first power converter 41 and the second power converter 42, and there is an effect that the control method can be switched seamlessly and smoothly. .
- the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is increased from 300V to 400V. This is due to the following reason. For example, when the target value of the discharge current is substantially the same as the discharge current value that can be supplied in the second rectification control mode, if the control mode is switched without changing the DC bus voltage value, In this case, the second rectification control mode and the second inverter control mode are alternately switched, and the control mode is not stable.
- the DC bus voltage is increased by a predetermined amount (here, 100 V), and the maximum value of the current (power) that can be output in the second rectification control mode is reduced.
- a predetermined amount here, 100 V
- the maximum value of the current (power) that can be output in the second rectification control mode is reduced.
- the control target value of the DC bus voltage is 400 V.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained by taking a value that is a predetermined amount higher than the control target value of the DC bus voltage in the second rectification control mode before switching.
- the ripple amount of the discharge current increases. Accordingly, when determining the control target voltage, it is needless to say that it is desirable to set the maximum voltage within a range where the hunting can be prevented.
- the amount of stored power in the storage battery 1 gradually decreases by the above discharging operation.
- the HEMS stops the discharge from the storage battery 1, so that the discharge current target value is gradually increased as shown in FIG. I will lower it.
- the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 gradually reduces the command value to reduce the discharge current.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command value information in the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53. And it is confirmed whether the command value of the 1st power converter 41 which is a primary side command value became "0" (Step S38 of Drawing 17).
- step S39 the storage battery control circuit 56 It is confirmed by the total 16 whether the current from the storage battery 1 has become “0” (step S39 in FIG. 17).
- the discharge current is reduced to “0” even if the command value in the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 becomes “0”. It is not possible. Therefore, in the first embodiment, even when the command value of the first power converter 41 in the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 is “0”, the discharge current is flowing (No in step S39).
- the control mode is switched again to the second rectification control mode and the control is continued (see the broken line in the period of time t3-t4 in FIG. 18).
- the discharge occurs when the command value of the first power converter 41 becomes “0” due to the relationship between the DC bus voltage and the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the process proceeds to step S40. If it is determined that the discharge has ended without any instruction to continue the discharge (Yes in step S40), the storage battery discharge control is ended. In this case, the discharge control is terminated in the second inverter control mode without returning to the second rectification control mode again.
- the storage battery control circuit 56 determines the shift to the second rectification control mode, it instructs the DC / AC control circuit 18 to change the control target of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 to the original 300V.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 is activated.
- the switching circuit 55 is instructed to output a control signal output from the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54.
- the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 starts control using the register value and variable value held at the end of the previous control as initial values (time t3 in FIG. 18).
- the storage battery control circuit 56 monitors the command value and the discharge current in the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54, and when the command value and the discharge current become “0”. It is determined that the discharge is completed (Yes in step S35 in FIG. 16), registers and variables related to the discharge control in the DC / DC control circuit 14 are initialized, and the HEMS is notified that the discharge is completed. Then, the power converter is stopped. It should be noted that after the transition to the second rectification control mode, the discharge current command value or the like changes, and the command value output from the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 becomes a set value (maximum value) (in step S34 in FIG. 16). Yes) again shifts to the second inverter control mode (steps S36 and S37).
- the control mode of the DC / DC conversion circuit 13 is activated in the second rectification control mode, and the second rectification is performed.
- the control mode is switched to the second inverter control mode. For this reason, when the target discharge current (power) is small, the discharge current ripple can be suppressed small by discharging in the second rectification control mode, and the deterioration given to the storage battery 1 can be minimized. There is.
- the control mode is switched to the second inverter control mode in which the discharge current can be sufficiently secured, so that it is possible to cope with a case where rapid discharge is necessary. is there.
- the power converter device of this Embodiment 1 implements a cooperation driving
- the following effects are obtained. If the amount of solar radiation changes suddenly and the power generated by the solar battery drops sharply, the second rectification control mode can seamlessly output the second power even if all the power supplied to the home appliance load in the house cannot be discharged from the storage battery 1. By switching to the inverter control mode, the amount of discharged power from the storage battery 1 can be increased. For this reason, a sudden change of the amount of solar radiation occurs at the time of a power failure, and even if the generated power of the solar cell is reduced, the in-house load can be stably used.
- the initial values of discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 and discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 are not mentioned, but will be described below.
- a dead time is provided in the control signal for driving the switching device in order to prevent an arm short circuit. Therefore, when switching from the second rectification control mode to the second inverter control mode, the control signal supplied to the switching device is “0” during a period in which the command value cannot secure a pulse width longer than the time specified by the dead time. It becomes. Thereby, a time when the discharge current amount (power amount) does not change appears at the time of control switching.
- the initial values of the registers and variables used for the control of the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 and the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 are set to the initial values (dead time amount) taking the dead time into account.
- the value including the offset thereby, when the control mode is switched, the time during which the discharge current amount due to the dead time does not change can be shortened or eliminated at all, and the control mode can be switched continuously.
- the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d have a time until the switch is turned on (turn-on time) and a time until the switch is turned off (turn-off time).
- each register used for controlling the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 and the discharge rectification mode control circuit 54 and initial values of variables are provided.
- the control target value of the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 is switched when the control mode is switched, there is an effect of suppressing hunting that occurs when the control mode is switched.
- the DC bus voltage is lower than the battery voltage of the storage battery 1 in the inverter control mode, the discharge current cannot be reduced to “0” even if the command value in the discharge inverter mode control circuit 53 is “0”.
- the control mode is switched again to the second rectification control mode, there is an effect that the discharge current can be finally set to “0”.
- the discharge current that is the output from the storage battery 1 is determined based on the output of the ammeter 16, but the present invention is not limited to this. .
- it may be determined from the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 and the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the determination of the discharge current value or the like may be a value that anticipates the error of sensors such as the ammeter.
- the control mode switching may be determined by combining the discharge current, the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 21 and the battery voltage of the storage battery 1.
- the switching frequency of the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d can be reduced, and unnecessary power loss can be suppressed. There exists an effect which can perform charging / discharging control of the storage battery 1 efficiently.
- charge / discharge control is basically performed in the rectification control mode.
- the switching devices 31a to 31d and 32a to 32d always perform switching.
- the rectification control mode as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, one of the switching devices 31a to 31d or the switching devices 32a to 32d is not switched, and the diode rectifier is used. Only the operation is performed. Therefore, the rectification control mode has less switching loss of the switching device, so that power conversion can be performed efficiently. Therefore, in Embodiment 1, charging / discharging control of the storage battery 1 can be efficiently performed by suppressing unnecessary power loss by suppressing charging / discharging control in an unnecessary inverter control mode.
- the turn ratio of the insulating transformer 36 can be set to a constant and simple configuration, and the insulating transformer 36 can be used at an optimum point, so that there is an effect that unnecessary deterioration of efficiency can be suppressed. Further, since the turn ratio of the insulating transformer 36 can be made constant, there is an effect that the size of the insulating transformer 36 is not unnecessarily increased and the cost can be suppressed.
- charge / discharge control when power is supplied from the power system 3 is described, but the present invention is not limited to this. Even in the event of a power failure, switching between the rectification control mode and the inverter control mode according to the amount of charge or discharge power is used, so there is an effect that current ripple can be minimized.
- the power conversion device using only the storage battery 1 has been described for the sake of easy understanding.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a solar cell or wind power generation is used as a distributed power source utilizing natural energy. It goes without saying that the same effect can be achieved even in a system configured with the system.
- the case where a stationary battery is used as the storage battery 1 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained even when a battery of an electric vehicle is used. .
- Embodiment 1 demonstrated the case where a lithium ion battery was used as the storage battery 1, it does not restrict to this.
- the storage battery management unit 2 is built in the storage battery 1, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained even if the storage battery 1 is managed by the main body of the power conversion device 10.
- the method shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 has been described as a method for controlling the insulation type DC / DC conversion circuit 13, but the method is not limited thereto.
- the phase between the control signal having a duty ratio of 50% supplied to the switching devices 31a to 31d and the control signal having a duty ratio of 50% supplied to the switching devices 32a to 32d is controlled.
- the power amount charged in the storage battery 1 or the power amount discharged from the storage battery 1 may be controlled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
具体的には、直流電源からの電力で蓄電池に充電する場合は、1次側(直流電源が接続されている側)のコンバータにより交流電圧を発生させ、この1次側コンバータとトランスを介して接続された、2次側(蓄電池が接続されている側)のコンバータにより交流電力を直流電力に変換(ダイオード整流)する。また、蓄電池から直流電源に放電する場合は、2次側のコンバータにより交流電圧を発生させ、1次側のコンバータにより交流電力を直流電力に変換(ダイオード整流)する。
このため、トランスのサイズが大きくなってしまうとともに、コストも上がってしまうという問題点があった。
リチュウムイオン電池は、その充電電力量により電池電圧が変化する。特に、電気自動車に搭載されているリチュウムイオン電池は、通常の電池の使用範囲で2百数十V~3百数十V、従って、100V以上、電池電圧は変化する。このような蓄電池を家庭用の蓄電システム用の蓄電池として使用する場合、特許文献1に記載されている電力変換装置では、そのトランスにより昇降圧する過程で更に電圧範囲を可変(例えば、1/2倍から2倍)とする必要がある。これにより、トランスの構造が一層複雑になるとともに、トランスを最高の効率点で使用することができず、コストとともに損失も増大することになる。
前記制御回路は、第1の整流制御モード、第1のインバータ制御モード、第2の整流制御モードおよび第2のインバータ制御モードの4つの制御モードを有する。前記制御回路は、前記第1の直流電圧源から前記第2の直流電圧源への電力供給時に、前記インバータ動作により前記第1の電力変換器を出力可動制御すると共に、前記整流動作により前記第2の電力変換器を制御する前記第1の整流制御モードを用い、前記第1の電力変換器を制御する指令値が第1の設定値以上になると、前記インバータ動作により前記第1の電力変換器を出力固定制御すると共に、前記インバータ動作により前記第2の電力変換器を出力可動制御する前記第1のインバータ制御モードに切り換える。また、前記制御回路は、前記第2の直流電圧源から前記第1の直流電圧源への電力供給時に、前記インバータ動作により前記第2の電力変換器を出力可動制御すると共に、前記整流動作により前記第1の電力変換器を制御する前記第2の整流制御モードを用い、前記第2の電力変換器を制御する指令値が第2の設定値以上になると、前記インバータ動作により前記第2の電力変換器を出力固定制御すると共に、前記インバータ動作により前記第1の電力変換器を出力可動制御する前記第2のインバータ制御モードに切り換える。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置のシステム構成図である。図において、電力変換装置10は、第1の直流電圧源であるDC/AC変換回路17と第2の直流電圧源である蓄電池1との間に接続されており、後段で詳述する、DC/DC変換回路13およびこのDC/DC変換回路13を制御する制御回路としてのDC/DC制御回路14を備えている。
DC/AC変換回路17は、DC/DC変換回路13から出力される直流母線バス21の電圧(直流母線電圧)を交流電力に変換し、電力系統3と交流負荷4に出力する。また、DC/AC変換回路17は、電力系統3から供給される交流電力を直流電力に変換し第1の直流電圧源としてDC/DC変換回路13を介して蓄電池1に充電することもできる。
DC/AC制御回路18は、DC/AC変換回路17を制御することで直流母線電圧を制御する直流電圧制御回路としての機能を担う。
そして、第1および第2の電力変換器41、42は、Duty比の指令値に基づきそのスイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dをオンオフ駆動することにより、直流交流双方向の変換を行うインバータ動作と、スイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dをオフし(Duty比=0%に相当する)、交流を直流に変換する整流動作とが可能となる。なお、このインバータ動作と整流動作については更に後段で触れる。
DC/DC制御回路14は、さらに各制御回路51~54の切り換えを行う切換え回路55、および蓄電池1を制御する際の制御目標値、制御アルゴリズムの選定などを実施する蓄電池制御回路56を備えている。
そして、指令値Aに基づく制御信号Gaにより、第2の電力変換器42のスイッチングデバイス32b、32cが駆動制御され、指令値Bに基づく制御信号Gbにより、第2の電力変換器42のスイッチングデバイス32a、32dが駆動制御される。また指令値Cに基づく制御信号Gcにより、第1の電力変換器41のスイッチングデバイス31b、31cが駆動制御され、指令値Dに基づく制御信号Gdにより、第1の電力変換器41のスイッチングデバイス31a、31dが駆動制御される。
先ず、電力変換装置により蓄電池1を充電する場合、即ち、電力系統3からの電力により第1の直流電圧源であるDC/AC変換回路17から第2の直流電圧源である蓄電池1に電力を供給する場合の制御について説明する。
図4は、図2に示すDC/DC変換回路13を、充電インバータモード制御回路51による第1のインバータ制御モードにて充電制御する場合のスイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dに供給する制御信号波形を示す。
図4に示すように、第1の電力変換器41のスイッチングデバイス31a~31dをDuty比50%で駆動し交流電力を生成する。この第1の電力変換器41の制御は、指令値C、DがDuty比50%の固定であり、制御信号Gcと制御信号Gdとの“H”の期間の長さが等しい。一方、第2の電力変換器42のスイッチングデバイス32a~32dを、可変に生成される指令値A、Bに基づく制御信号Ga、Gbで駆動し、充電電力(充電電流)を制御する。
なお、各第1、第2の電力変換器41、42が、それぞれのスイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dをオンオフ駆動することにより直流、交流間の電力変換を行う動作をインバータ動作と称す。また、指令値を固定にする制御を出力固定制御、指令値を可変に演算して生成する制御を出力可動制御と称す。即ち、図4に示す充電時のインバータ制御モードでは、第1の電力変換器41をインバータ動作による出力固定制御で、第2の電力変換器42をインバータ動作による出力可動制御で制御する。
充電時の整流制御モード(第1の整流制御モード)とは、蓄電池1の電池電圧に対して、直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧が高い場合に使用する制御方法である。
図5に示すように、第1の電力変換器41のスイッチングデバイス31a~31dを、生成される指令値C、Dに基づく制御信号Gc、Gdで駆動し、即ち第1の電力変換器41をインバータ動作による出力可動制御で制御して交流電力を生成する。一方、第2の電力変換器42のスイッチングデバイス32a~32dを、ノードをオフに固定しスイッチングしないようにする。このように制御することで、第2の電力変換器42の各スイッチングデバイス32a~32dは、交流電力を整流するダイオードスイッチとして動作する。
図5に示す充電時の整流制御モードでは、第1の電力変換器41をインバータ動作による出力可動制御で、第2の電力変換器42を整流動作により制御する。
よって、この実施の形態1では、後述するように、不必要なインバータ制御モードによる充放電制御を抑制することで、不必要な電力の変換ロスを抑え効率よく蓄電池1の充放電制御を行うことができるよう構成するものである。
図6は、図2に示すDC/DC変換回路13を、放電インバータモード制御回路53による第2のインバータ制御モードにて放電制御する場合のスイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dに供給する制御信号波形を示す。
図6に示すように、第2の電力変換器42のスイッチングデバイス32a~32dをDuty比50%で駆動し交流電力を生成する。この第2の電力変換器42の制御は、指令値A、BがDuty比50%の固定であり、制御信号Gaと制御信号Gbとの“H”の期間の長さが等しい。一方、第1の電力変換器41のスイッチングデバイス31a~31dを、可変に生成される指令値C、Dに基づく制御信号Gc、Gdで駆動し、放電電力を制御する。
即ち図6に示す放電時のインバータ制御モードでは、第2の電力変換器42をインバータ動作による出力固定制御で、第1の電力変換器41をインバータ動作による出力可動制御で制御する。
放電時の整流制御モード(第2の整流制御モード)とは、蓄電池1の電池電圧に対して、直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧が低い場合に使用する制御方法である。
図7に示すように、第2の電力変換器42のスイッチングデバイス32a~32dを、生成される指令値A、Bに基づく制御信号Ga、Gbで駆動し、即ち第2の電力変換器42をインバータ動作による出力可動制御で制御して交流電力を生成する。一方、第1の電力変換器41のスイッチングデバイス31a~31dを、ノードをオフに固定しスイッチングしないようにする。このように制御することで、第1の電力変換器41の各スイッチングデバイス31a~31dは、交流電力を整流するダイオードスイッチとして動作する。
即ち図7に示す放電時の整流制御モードでは、第2の電力変換器42をインバータ動作による出力可動制御で、第1の電力変換器41を整流動作により制御する。
図に示すように、インバータ制御モードを用いた場合は多くの電力のやり取りができるが、指令値の変化に敏感に応答してしまう。また、整流制御モードの場合は、指令値の変化に対してなだらかに応答するが、供給できる電力量がインバータ制御モードに比べ小さい。
本実施の形態1では、複数の蓄電池(例えば、SoCの異なる電気自動車搭載蓄電池や据置蓄電池)に接続される場合にも対応できるDC/DC変換回路13の制御方法ついて、以下に説明する。なお、図中、直流母線電圧制御範囲と記したエリアは、DC/AC変換回路17が安定に動作する直流母線バス21の電圧範囲を示す。
以下の図10~図12は、この選択切り換えの要領を決めるに当たって考慮すべき各種特性を示したものである。
具体的には、蓄電池1の電圧が直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧以下の場合は、図10(a)に示すように、指令値が0になると放電電流は0Aになる。一方、蓄電池1の電圧が直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧を超えていた場合は、図10(b)に示すような関係になり、指令値が0になっても放電電流は0にならない。
なお、蓄電池1から第2の整流制御モードで放電した場合の指令値と放電電流との関係は、電力の供給方向が反対になるため、ΔVの算出方法が蓄電池1の電池電圧から直流母線電圧を引いた差分結果となるが、指令値と放電電流との関係(特性)は変わらない。
ここで、充電時のリップル電流について示したのは、以下の理由に基づく。例えば、蓄電池1として、リチュウムイオンバッテリを用いた場合、電力の充電は化学反応により実施される。よって、充電電流が急峻に変化した場合、あるいは充電電流に大振幅のリップルが重畳した場合は、上記化学反応が追随せず、金属リチュウムが析出し、蓄電池1を劣化させる。同様に、高温で充電すると、蓄電池1の劣化が進む。また充電電流が大きいと、充電時の発熱量が多くなり、さらに電池のセル温度が上昇し蓄電池1の劣化が進む。
従って、本実施の形態1では、放電時に蓄電池1にかかる負荷を最小限に抑え、蓄電池1の劣化を最小限に抑える制御方式についても説明する。
図13、図14は、DC/DC制御回路14の充電時の制御フローを示す図である。
図1において、図示していない外部の宅内の電力管理サーバー(以下、HEMS(Home Energy Management System)と記す)から、蓄電池1への充電要求が通知されると、DC/DC制御回路14内の蓄電池制御回路56は、蓄電池1に対して充電可能かを確認する(図13のステップS11)。
本実施の形態1では、電力変換装置10は、外部のHEMSからの充放電指示で起動し、通常時は、省電力化のため停止している場合について説明する。DC/AC制御回路18は、蓄電池制御回路56より起動指示を受信すると予め定められた直流母線電圧値になるようDC/AC変換回路17の制御を開始する。この場合、図9に示す直流母線電圧制御範囲の中央の電圧(350V)を直流母線電圧の制御目標の初期値とする。なお、初期値は350Vに限るものではないことは言うまでもない。本実施の形態1では、直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧はDC/AC変換回路17で管理するものとする。
一方、蓄電池制御回路56は、充電整流モード制御回路52に対して起動指示を出すとともに、切換え回路55に対して充電整流モード制御回路52の出力を選択するよう指示を出す。起動指示を受け取ると、充電整流モード制御回路52は、蓄電池管理ユニット2から出力される充電電流の目標値(図15(b)破線)に基づき充電電流の制御を開始する。時刻t1-t2の期間では、充電整流モード制御回路52は、第1の電力変換器41を制御するための指令値C、D(一次側指令値)を生成して制御信号Gc、Gdを出力し、DC/DC変換回路13は第1の整流制御モードにより制御される。
具体的には、DC/AC制御回路18に対しては、直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧の制御目標値の変更指示(400→380V)、充電整流モード制御回路52に停止指示、充電インバータモード制御回路51に対しては起動指示、切換え回路55に対しては充電インバータモード制御回路51の出力を選択するよう指示を出す。
よって、本実施の形態1では、制御モードを切り換える際に、直流母線電圧を、切り換え前の値から所定量(ここでは20V)下げ、第1の整流制御モードで供給できる電流(電力)の最大値を低減することで、制御モードを切り換える際にヒステリシスを持たせることができる。これにより、制御モード切り換え時のハンチングを防止することができ、安定して充電制御を行うことができる効果がある。
蓄電池1の蓄電電力量が、所定値(例えば、90%)以上になると、蓄電池管理ユニット2は、蓄電池1への充電を停止するため、図15(b)に示すように、充電電流目標値を徐々に下げていく。充電インバータモード制御回路51は、図に示すように、その指令値を徐々に下げ充電電流を絞っていく。蓄電池制御回路56は、充電インバータモード制御回路51内の指令値情報を監視する。そして、2次側指令値である第2の電力変換器42の指令値が“0”になったかを確認する(図14のステップS18)。
図10(b)で上述したが、直流母線電圧が蓄電池1の電池電圧より高い場合は、充電インバータモード制御回路51内の指令値が“0”になっても充電電流を“0”に絞ることはできない。従って、本実施の形態1では、充電インバータモード制御回路51内の第2の電力変換器42の指令値が“0”となった場合でも充電電流が流れている場合は(ステップS19でNo)、ステップS12に戻り、制御モードを第1の整流制御モードに再び切り換えて制御を継続する(図15の整流制御モードを参照)。
なお、第1の整流制御モード移行後、充電電流指令値などが変化し、充電整流モード制御回路52より出力される指令値が設定値(最大値)になった場合(図13のステップS14でYes)は、再度、第1のインバータ制御モードに移行する(ステップS16、S17)。
また、目標充電電流(電力)が得られない場合は、該制御モードを充電電流が十分に確保できる第1のインバータ制御モードに切り換えるので、急速な充電が必要な場合にも対応ができる効果がある。
一般に、電力変換器を制御する場合、制御信号の遅延量の違いや、スイッチング速度(素子の応答性能)の違いなどに起因して発生するアーム短絡を防止するため、スイッチングデバイスを駆動する制御信号にデッドタイムを設ける。そのため、第1の整流制御モードから第1のインバータ制御モードに切り換える際、指令値がデッドタイムで規定される時間以上のパルス幅が確保できない期間はスイッチングデバイスに供給される制御信号は“0”となる。これにより、制御切り換え時に、充電電流量(電力量)が変化しない時間が現れる。
特に、本実施の形態1では、制御モード切り換え時に直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧の制御目標値を切り換えるため、例えば、第1の整流制御モードから第1のインバータ制御モードに切り換える場合、上記デッドタイムの期間は、直流母線電圧が下がるため、充電電流が小さくなる。
また、スイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dはスイッチがオンするまでの時間(ターンオン時間)、およびスイッチがオフするまでの時間(ターンオフ時間)がある。これらターンオン時間、およびターンオフ時間を考慮し、充電インバータモード制御回路51、および充電整流モード制御回路52の制御に使用する各レジスタ、および変数の初期値を与えるように構成する。これにより、制御モード切り換え時に、ターンオン時間、あるいはターンオフ時間に起因する充電電流量が変化しない時間を短く、あるいは全くなくすことができ、制御モードの切り換えを連続的に行うことができる効果がある。
図1において、図示していない外部のHEMSから、蓄電池1への放電要求が通知されると、DC/DC制御回路14内の蓄電池制御回路56は、蓄電池1に対して放電可能かを確認する(図16のステップS31)。
本実施の形態1では、充電時にも説明したが、電力変換装置10は、外部のHEMSからの充放電指示で起動し、通常時は、省電力化のため停止しているものとして説明する。DC/AC制御回路18は、蓄電池制御回路56より起動指示を受信すると予め定められた直流母線電圧値になるようDC/AC変換回路17の制御を開始する。この場合、図9に示す直流母線電圧制御範囲の中央の電圧(350V)を直流母線電圧の制御目標の初期値とする。本実施の形態1では、直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧はDC/AC変換回路17で管理するものとする。
一方、蓄電池制御回路56は、放電整流モード制御回路54に対して起動指示を出すとともに、切換え回路55に対して放電整流モード制御回路54の出力を選択するよう指示を出す。起動指示を受け取ると、放電整流モード制御回路54は、HEMSから出力される放電電流の目標値(図18(b)破線)に基づき放電電流の制御を開始する。時刻t1-t2の期間では、放電整流モード制御回路54は、第2の電力変換器42を制御するための指令値A、B(二次側指令値)を生成して制御信号Ga、Gbを出力し、DC/DC変換回路13は第2の整流制御モードにより制御される。
具体的には、DC/AC制御回路18に対しては、直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧の制御目標値の変更指示(300→400V)、放電整流モード制御回路54に停止指示、放電インバータモード制御回路53に対しては起動指示、切換え回路55に対しては放電インバータモード制御回路53の出力を選択するよう指示を出す。
よって、本実施の形態1では、制御モードを切り換える際に、直流母線電圧を所定量(ここでは100V)上げ、第2の整流制御モードで出力できる電流(電力)の最大値を低減することで、制御モードを切り換える際にヒステリシスを持たせることができる。これにより、制御モード切り換え時のハンチングを防止することができ、安定して放電制御を行うことができる効果がある。
蓄電池1の蓄電電力量が、所定値(例えば、20%)以下になると、HEMSは、蓄電池1からの放電を停止するため、図18(b)に示すように、放電電流目標値を徐々に下げていく。放電インバータモード制御回路53は、図に示すように、指令値を徐々に下げ放電電流を絞っていく。蓄電池制御回路56は、放電インバータモード制御回路53内の指令値情報を監視する。そして、1次側指令値である第1の電力変換器41の指令値が“0”になったかを確認する(図17のステップS38)。
図10(b)で上述したが、蓄電池1の電池電圧が直流母線電圧より高い場合は、放電インバータモード制御回路53内の指令値が“0”になっても放電電流を“0”に絞ることはできない。従って、本実施の形態1では、放電インバータモード制御回路53内の第1の電力変換器41の指令値が“0”となった場合でも放電電流が流れている場合は(ステップS39でNo)、ステップS32に戻り、制御モードを第2の整流制御モードに再び切り換えて制御を継続する(図18の時刻t3-t4期間の破線参照)。
これに対し、図18の同部分に実線で示すように、直流母線電圧と蓄電池1の電池電圧との関係により、第1の電力変換器41の指令値が“0”になった時点で放電電流が“0”になった場合(ステップS39でYes)は、ステップS40に進む。そして、特に放電継続の指示がなく放電終了と判断されると(ステップS40でYes)蓄電池放電制御を終了する。この場合は、再び第2の整流制御モードに戻ることなく、第2のインバータ制御モードで放電制御を終了することになる。
なお、第2の整流制御モード移行後、放電電流指令値などが変化し、放電整流モード制御回路54より出力される指令値が設定値(最大値)になった場合(図16のステップS34でYes)は、再度第2のインバータ制御モードに移行する(ステップS36、S37)。
また、目標放電電流(電力)が得られない場合は、該制御モードを放電電流が十分に確保できる第2のインバータ制御モードに切り換えるので、急速な放電が必要な場合にも対応ができる効果がある。
上述したように、一般に、スイッチングデバイスを駆動する制御信号にはアーム短絡を防止するためデッドタイムを設ける。そのため、第2の整流制御モードから第2のインバータ制御モードに切り換える際、指令値がデッドタイムで規定される時間以上のパルス幅が確保できない期間はスイッチングデバイスに供給される制御信号は“0”となる。これにより、制御切り換え時に、放電電流量(電力量)が変化しない時間が現れる。
特に、本実施の形態1では、制御モード切り換え時に直流母線バス21の直流母線電圧の制御目標値を切り換えるため、例えば、第2の整流制御モードから第2のインバータ制御モードに切り換える場合、上記デッドタイムの期間は、直流母線電圧が上がるため、放電電流が小さくなる。
また、スイッチングデバイス31a~31d、32a~32dはスイッチがオンするまでの時間(ターンオン時間)、およびスイッチがオフするまでの時間(ターンオフ時間)がある。これらターンオン時間、およびターンオフ時間を考慮し、放電インバータモード制御回路53、および放電整流モード制御回路54の制御に使用する各レジスタ、および変数の初期値を与えるように構成する。これにより、制御モード切り換え時に、ターンオン時間、あるいはターンオフ時間に起因する放電電流量が変化しない時間を短く、あるいは全くなくすことができ、制御モードの切り換えを連続的に行うことができる効果がある。
また、絶縁トランス36の巻数比を一定にできるので、絶縁トランス36のサイズを不必要に大きくすることもなく、またコストも抑えることができる効果がある。
また、本実施の形態1では、蓄電池1として据置バッテリを用いた場合について説明したが、これに限るものではなく、例えば、電気自動車のバッテリを用いた場合でも同様の効果を奏することは言うまでもない。また、実施の形態1では、蓄電池1としてリチュウムイオンバッテリを用いる場合について説明したがこれに限るものではない。さらに、蓄電池管理ユニット2を蓄電池1に内蔵する構成としたがこれに限るものではなく、例えば、電力変換装置10本体で蓄電池1の情報を管理するように構成しても同様の効果を奏する。
また、上記各回路の機能をソフトウェアとハードウェアに分割し同様の機能を実現しても良いことは言うまでもない。
Claims (14)
- それぞれスイッチングデバイスを有し、前記スイッチングデバイスをオンオフ駆動することにより直流交流双方向の変換を行うインバータ動作と前記スイッチングデバイスをオフし交流を直流に変換する整流動作とが可能な第1の電力変換器および第2の電力変換器と、前記第1の電力変換器の交流側端子と前記第2の電力変換器の交流側端子とを接続する絶縁トランスと、前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する制御回路とを備え、
前記第1の電力変換器の直流側端子が接続される第1の直流電圧源と前記第2の電力変換器の直流側端子が接続される第2の直流電圧源との間で双方向の直流電力変換を行う電力変換装置において、
前記制御回路は、
第1の整流制御モード、第1のインバータ制御モード、第2の整流制御モードおよび第2のインバータ制御モードの4つの制御モードを有し、
前記第1の直流電圧源から前記第2の直流電圧源への電力供給時に、前記インバータ動作により前記第1の電力変換器を出力可動制御すると共に、前記整流動作により前記第2の電力変換器を制御する前記第1の整流制御モードを用い、前記第1の電力変換器を制御する指令値が第1の設定値以上になると、前記インバータ動作により前記第1の電力変換器を出力固定制御すると共に、前記インバータ動作により前記第2の電力変換器を出力可動制御する前記第1のインバータ制御モードに切り換え、
前記第2の直流電圧源から前記第1の直流電圧源への電力供給時に、前記インバータ動作により前記第2の電力変換器を出力可動制御すると共に、前記整流動作により前記第1の電力変換器を制御する前記第2の整流制御モードを用い、前記第2の電力変換器を制御する指令値が第2の設定値以上になると、前記インバータ動作により前記第2の電力変換器を出力固定制御すると共に、前記インバータ動作により前記第1の電力変換器を出力可動制御する前記第2のインバータ制御モードに切り換える、
電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源から前記第2の直流電圧源への電力供給時に、前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧が前記第2の直流電圧源の電圧より高い場合、
前記制御回路は、前記第1のインバータ制御モードにおいて、前記第2の電力変換器の出力を0にするよう制御しても前記第2の直流電圧源への出力が0にならないときは、前記第1のインバータ制御モードを再び前記第1の整流制御モードに切り換えて前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する、
請求項1記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第2の直流電圧源から前記第1の直流電圧源への電力供給時に、前記第2の直流電圧源の電圧が前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧より高い場合、
前記制御回路は、前記第2のインバータ制御モードにおいて、前記第1の電力変換器の出力を0にするよう制御しても前記第2の直流電圧源からの出力が0にならないときは、前記第2のインバータ制御モードを再び前記第2の整流制御モードに切り換えて前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する、
請求項1記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を所定の電圧範囲で制御する直流電圧制御回路を備え、
前記第1の直流電圧源から前記第2の直流電圧源に電力供給時に、前記制御回路が前記第1の整流制御モードにより前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する際、
前記直流電圧制御回路は前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を設定された上限値に制御する、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を所定の電圧範囲で制御する直流電圧制御回路を備え、
前記第2の直流電圧源から前記第1の直流電圧源に電力供給時に、前記制御回路が前記第2の整流制御モードにより前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する際、
前記直流電圧制御回路は前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を設定された下限値に制御する、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を所定の電圧範囲で制御する直流電圧制御回路を備え、
前記第1の直流電圧源から前記第2の直流電圧源に電力供給時に、前記制御回路が前記第1の整流制御モードから前記第1のインバータ制御モードに切り換えて前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する際、
前記直流電圧制御回路は前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を前記切り換え前の値から所定量低い値に制御する、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を所定の電圧範囲で制御する直流電圧制御回路を備え、
前記第2の直流電圧源から前記第1の直流電圧源に電力供給時に、前記制御回路が前記第2の整流制御モードから前記第2のインバータ制御モードに切り換えて前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する際、
前記直流電圧制御回路は前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を前記切り換え前の値から所定量高い値に制御する、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を所定の電圧範囲で制御する直流電圧制御回路を備え、
前記第1の直流電圧源から前記第2の直流電圧源に電力供給時に、前記制御回路が前記第1のインバータ制御モードから前記第1の整流制御モードに切り換えて前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する際、
前記直流電圧制御回路は前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を前記切り換え前の値から所定量高い値に制御する、
請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を所定の電圧範囲で制御する直流電圧制御回路を備え、
前記第2の直流電圧源から前記第1の直流電圧源に電力供給時に、前記制御回路が前記第2のインバータ制御モードから前記第2の整流制御モードに切り換えて前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御する際、
前記直流電圧制御回路は前記第1の直流電圧源の電圧を前記切り換え前の値から所定量低い値に制御する、
請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の直流電圧源は、その交流側端子が電力系統に接続され、その直流側端子の電圧が前記直流電圧制御回路により制御されるDC/AC変換回路である、
請求項4から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第2の直流電圧源は蓄電池である、
請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1、第2の電力変換器は、それぞれ2アームに構成された4個の前記スイッチングデバイスを備え、
前記制御回路は、前記各スイッチングデバイスのDuty比を前記指令値として前記第1、第2の電力変換器を制御し、前記第1、第2の設定値は、前記Duty比により設定される、
請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御回路は、前記各第1、第2の電力変換器をそれぞれ前記整流動作により制御する際、前記4個のスイッチングデバイスのDuty比である前記指令値を0とする、
請求項12記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御回路は、前記各第1、第2の電力変換器をそれぞれ前記インバータ動作により出力固定制御する際、前記4個のスイッチングデバイスにDuty比である前記指令値を0.5とする、
請求項12記載の電力変換装置。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2014529340A JP5766356B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-06-11 | 電力変換装置 |
US14/413,274 US9190915B2 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-06-11 | Electric-power conversion device |
DE112013003974.5T DE112013003974T5 (de) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-06-11 | Elektroenergieumwandlungsvorrichtung |
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WO2016152366A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
WO2018139200A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-24 | 2018-08-02 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 電力変換装置及びパワーコンディショナ |
US11799302B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2023-10-24 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Power conversion system |
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DE102013106777A1 (de) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Bordnetzstabilisierung |
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JP6142966B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2017-06-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | エネルギーマネジメントシステム |
US10050534B1 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-08-14 | Cummins Power Generation Ip, Inc. | Systems and methods for self-adaptive current control |
US10110138B1 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-10-23 | Cummins Power Generation Ip, Inc. | Soft-starting control method for electrical converter |
JP6873251B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-11 | 2021-05-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および電力変換システム |
WO2019124678A1 (ko) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 직류직류 컨버터를 포함하는 전력 공급 시스템 및 이의 제어 방법 |
JP6647470B1 (ja) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-02-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
WO2020225842A1 (ja) | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Dc/dcコンバータ及び電力変換装置 |
EP4033650A1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-07-27 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Power converter control method, device, and system |
DE102021119238A1 (de) | 2021-07-26 | 2023-01-26 | Preh Gmbh | Verfahren zum Regeln eines Ladestroms für einen Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit elektrischem Antrieb mit Sollstromanpassung |
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JPWO2016152366A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2017-06-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
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US11799302B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2023-10-24 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Power conversion system |
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US20150138843A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
DE112013003974T5 (de) | 2015-06-25 |
US9190915B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
JPWO2014024560A1 (ja) | 2016-07-25 |
JP5766356B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
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