WO2013180083A1 - Lithium ion secondary battery - Google Patents

Lithium ion secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013180083A1
WO2013180083A1 PCT/JP2013/064681 JP2013064681W WO2013180083A1 WO 2013180083 A1 WO2013180083 A1 WO 2013180083A1 JP 2013064681 W JP2013064681 W JP 2013064681W WO 2013180083 A1 WO2013180083 A1 WO 2013180083A1
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
lithium
secondary battery
active material
doping
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PCT/JP2013/064681
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
川崎 大輔
慎 芹澤
恵美子 藤井
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日本電気株式会社
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Priority to JP2014518443A priority Critical patent/JPWO2013180083A1/en
Publication of WO2013180083A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013180083A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/044Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
    • H01M4/0442Anodisation, Oxidation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/0459Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/044Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
    • H01M4/0445Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery produced by reacting lithium ions with a negative electrode active material and performing a lithium pre-doping treatment in a process of producing a lithium ion secondary battery, particularly a lithium ion secondary battery. It relates to batteries.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that a silicon oxide or a silicate compound is used as a negative electrode active material of a secondary battery.
  • Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose that lithium is diffused into a non-carbon-based negative electrode by attaching a metal lithium foil to the non-carbon-based negative electrode and heating.
  • Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose a technique of doping lithium into silicon-silicon oxide composite particles coated with carbon.
  • Patent Document 6 discloses a negative electrode material made of silicon having an oxidation number of 0, silicon having an oxidation number of 0 to +4, and silicon having an oxidation number of +4. Further, Li 2 SiO 3, Li 4 SiO 4, Li 4 Si 3 O 8, Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is disclosed as lithium silicate.
  • Patent Document 7 discloses a negative electrode for a secondary battery provided with an active material layer containing carbon material particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, metal particles capable of being alloyed with lithium, and oxide particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions. Is disclosed. In addition, a technique for bonding lithium metal to the negative electrode surface is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 8 discloses a negative electrode material for a secondary battery in which the surface of particles having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in a silicon compound is coated with carbon.
  • Patent Documents 9 and 10 disclose that when the negative electrode active material contains silicon, a thermosetting resin or polyimide that causes a dehydration condensation reaction by heating is used as a negative electrode binder.
  • the secondary battery using the oxide of silicon described in Patent Document 1 as the negative electrode active material has a problem that when the charge / discharge is performed at 45 ° C. or higher, the capacity reduction accompanying the charge / discharge cycle is remarkably large. .
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery in which a metal lithium foil is attached to a non-carbon negative electrode and heated at 30 to 160 ° C.
  • the purpose of Patent Document 2 is to solve the problem of “lithium depletion” by dissolving and supplying lithium from the metal lithium layer even when lithium is consumed during charging and discharging. That is, it is not intended to produce a lithium ion secondary battery having a high energy and a long life by forming lithium silicate with controlled valence of silicon by lithium pre-doping.
  • the study on the negative electrode active material and the study on the binder, the electrode element structure, and the exterior body that are indispensable for forming the lithium ion secondary battery are not sufficiently performed. Many were seen.
  • Patent Document 3 as a method of manufacturing a secondary battery, a metal film mainly composed of lithium is brought into contact with the surface of a layer containing an active material of a non-carbon-based negative electrode to react lithium with the active material of the negative electrode.
  • a process is disclosed.
  • studies on forming lithium silicate with controlled valence of silicon by lithium pre-doping are insufficient.
  • many studies have been made on the negative electrode active material and on the binder, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery. It was.
  • the negative electrode materials for secondary batteries described in Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 can also improve the energy density of the secondary battery.
  • the binder, electrolyte solution, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, have not been fully studied.
  • Patent Document 4 Patent Document 5
  • a technique of doping lithium into a silicon-based negative electrode active material in advance by a lithium doping process for a so-called powdered negative electrode active material is for improving energy density. It is effective for.
  • only the lithium doping method described in these documents increases (1) the number of active sites on the negative electrode surface due to the reaction with lithium, and (2) the moisture content in the battery.
  • the amount of gas generated increases due to reasons such as increased reactivity, (3) the irreversible capacity of the negative electrode decreases and the charge / discharge range of the positive electrode widens, and the deterioration of the positive electrode proceeds, especially when the cell is a laminate type It has been found that it causes cell characteristic deterioration.
  • lithium doping alone with respect to the so-called powdered negative electrode active material is insufficient, and there is a demand for further improving the energy density.
  • Patent Document 2 Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, and Patent Document 5, as a lithium pre-doping method, a non-carbon-based negative electrode active material is reacted with lithium at a powder stage, and after the electrode is manufactured, a metal lithium foil is used. The method of reacting with lithium by using lithium and the effect thereof have not been studied at all.
  • Patent Document 6 aims to produce a lithium ion secondary battery having a high energy and a long life by forming a lithium silicate in which the valence of silicon is controlled.
  • the study on the negative electrode active material and the method for producing the lithium ion secondary battery were insufficient.
  • the negative electrode for a secondary battery described in Patent Document 7 has an effect of relaxing the volume change of the entire negative electrode when lithium is occluded and released due to the difference in charge / discharge potential of the three components. Further, by bonding lithium metal to the negative electrode surface, there is an effect of eliminating the irreversible capacity sites of the negative electrode active material.
  • Patent Document 7 as a method of lithium pre-doping, there are many points that have not been fully studied on the study of the technology of reacting with lithium at the negative electrode active material stage and the relationship in the coexistence state of the three components. It was.
  • the binder, electrolyte solution, electrode element structure, and exterior body which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, have not been fully studied.
  • Patent Document 8 The negative electrode material for a secondary battery described in Patent Document 8 also has an effect of reducing volume change as a whole of the negative electrode.
  • Patent Document 8 does not discuss the lithium pre-doping technique at all.
  • Patent Document 9 and Patent Document 10 describe a binder for a negative electrode.
  • studies on the state of the negative electrode active material and studies on the lithium pre-doping technology have been insufficient.
  • the electrolyte solution, the electrode element structure, and the exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery are often not fully studied.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery using a non-carbon material as the negative electrode active material has a high capacity, but has many capacity components that are irreversible during the first charge, and is charged and discharged in a high temperature environment. As a result, the secondary battery swells and the cycle characteristics such as the capacity retention rate decrease, which is a problem. Further development of a technology capable of solving the problem has been desired.
  • an object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery having a high energy density and good high-temperature cycle characteristics.
  • the present invention A secondary battery having a negative electrode subjected to lithium pre-doping, Producing a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material containing at least a metal capable of alloying with lithium (a), a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector (negative electrode production step); A step of producing an electrode element including the negative electrode produced by the negative electrode production step, a positive electrode, and a separator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other (electrode element production step); Manufactured through (Time of i) Before the negative electrode manufacturing process, (Time of ii) After the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step, (Time of iii) during the electrode element manufacturing process, and (time of iv) after the electrode element manufacturing process, The present invention relates to a secondary battery in which a lithium pre-doping process is performed by contacting a lithium source at least at two times selected from the group consisting of:
  • a secondary battery having a high energy density and good high-temperature cycle characteristics can be provided.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
  • lithium pre-doping may be simply referred to as “pre-doping” or “doping”.
  • the secondary battery according to this embodiment is A secondary battery having a negative electrode subjected to lithium pre-doping, Producing a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material containing at least a metal capable of alloying with lithium (a), a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector (negative electrode production step); A step of producing an electrode element including the negative electrode produced by the negative electrode production step, a positive electrode, and a separator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other (electrode element production step); Manufactured through (Time of i) Before the negative electrode manufacturing process, (Time of ii) After the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step, (Time of iii) during the electrode element manufacturing process, and (time of iv) after the electrode element manufacturing process, It is obtained by a production method in which a lithium pre-doping treatment is performed by contacting a lithium source at least at two times selected from the group consisting of:
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material is bound so as to cover the negative electrode current collector with the negative electrode binder.
  • the negative electrode active material includes at least a metal (a) that can be alloyed with lithium.
  • the negative electrode active material preferably further contains a metal oxide (b) that can occlude and release lithium ions and / or a carbon material (c) that can occlude and release lithium ions.
  • the metal (a) Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, or an alloy of two or more thereof can be used. .
  • silicon (Si) is included as the metal (a).
  • the content of the metal (a) in the negative electrode active material is preferably 5% by mass to 95% by mass, more preferably 10% by mass to 90% by mass, and more preferably 20% by mass to 50% by mass. More preferably, it is as follows.
  • silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, or a composite of two or more of these can be used.
  • silicon oxide is preferably included as the metal oxide (b). This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds.
  • one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide (b), for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass. By carrying out like this, the electrical conductivity of a metal oxide (b) can be improved.
  • the content of the metal oxide (b) in the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited and may be 0% by mass, but is preferably 5% by mass to 90% by mass, and preferably 40% by mass to 80% by mass. It is more preferable to set it as mass% or less, and it is still more preferable to set it as 50 mass% or more and 70 mass% or less.
  • the metal oxide (b) preferably has an amorphous structure in whole or in part.
  • the metal oxide (b) having an amorphous structure can suppress the volume expansion of the carbon material (c) and the metal (a), which are other negative electrode active materials, and can suppress the decomposition of the electrolytic solution. Although this mechanism is not clear, it is presumed that the metal oxide (b) has some influence on the formation of a film on the interface between the carbon material (c) and the electrolytic solution due to the amorphous structure.
  • the amorphous structure is considered to have relatively few elements due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects.
  • the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure. Specifically, when the metal oxide (b) does not have an amorphous structure, a peak specific to the metal oxide (b) is observed, but all or part of the metal oxide (b) is amorphous. In the case of having a structure, the intrinsic peak is observed broad in the metal oxide (b).
  • the negative electrode active material contains a metal (a) and a metal oxide (b)
  • the metal (a) is entirely or partially dispersed in the metal oxide (b).
  • volume expansion as the whole negative electrode can be further suppressed, and decomposition of the electrolytic solution can also be suppressed.
  • all or part of the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) because of observation with a transmission electron microscope (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (general). This can be confirmed by using a combination of a standard EDX measurement.
  • the cross section of the sample containing the metal particles (a) is observed, the oxygen concentration of the metal particles (a) dispersed in the metal oxide (b) is measured, and the metal particles (a) are configured. It can be confirmed that the metal being used is not an oxide.
  • the metal oxide (b) is preferably an oxide of a metal constituting the metal (a).
  • the ratio of the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b) is not particularly limited. It is preferable that a metal (a) shall be 5 to 90 mass% with respect to the sum total of a metal (a) and a metal oxide (b), and it is preferable to set it as 30 to 60 mass%.
  • the metal oxide (b) is preferably 10% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less with respect to the total of the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b). preferable.
  • the carbon material (c) graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite of two or more of these can be used.
  • graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a negative electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper.
  • amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
  • the content of the carbon material (c) in the negative electrode active material may be 0% by mass, but is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less. preferable.
  • the ratio of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c) is not particularly limited.
  • the metal (a) is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to the total of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c). It is preferable that The metal oxide (b) is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass with respect to the total of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c). % Or less is preferable.
  • the carbon material (c) is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the total of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c). The following is preferable.
  • the metal (a), the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c) are not particularly limited, but particulate materials can be used.
  • the average particle diameter of the metal (a) may be smaller than the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (b) and the average particle diameter of the carbon material (c). In this way, the metal (a) having a large volume change during charging and discharging has a relatively small particle size, and the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c) having a small volume change have a relatively large particle size. Therefore, dendrite formation and alloy pulverization are more effectively suppressed.
  • the average particle diameter of the metal (a) can be, for example, 10 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the carbon material (c) may be localized in the vicinity of the surface of the particle composed of the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b) in a state like a coating. By localizing, carbon aggregation can be prevented, and from the viewpoint of the electrode as a whole, there is an effect on relaxation of volume expansion and equalization of electronic conductivity.
  • the negative electrode active material includes a metal (a), a metal oxide (b), and a carbon material (c), and all or part of the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure, and all or one part of the metal (a)
  • the negative electrode active material in which the part is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c) is localized is produced by, for example, a method disclosed in Patent Document 8. Can do. That is, by performing a CVD process on the metal oxide (b) in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas, the metal (a) in the metal oxide (b) is nanoclustered and the surface is a carbon material (c ) Can be obtained. Moreover, the said negative electrode active material is producible also by mixing a metal (a), a metal oxide (b), and a carbon material (c) by mechanical milling in steps.
  • the negative electrode active material is preferably a negative electrode active material mainly composed of silicon.
  • Lithium silicate can be formed by performing lithium pre-doping on silicon and silicon oxide as described later. At that time, by controlling the valence of silicon, a negative electrode having a high capacity and a long life can be produced.
  • silicon having an oxidation number of 0, a silicon compound having a silicon atom having an oxidation number of +4, and a silicon atom having an oxidation number of greater than 0 and less than +4 By forming a silicon lower oxide, a negative electrode having a high capacity and a long life can be produced.
  • binder for the negative electrode generally, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, and the like are used. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use polyimide or polyamideimide.
  • the content of the binder for the negative electrode to be used is the ratio of the mass% ratio of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. Is preferably 95: 5 to 80:20, more preferably 92: 8 to 85:15.
  • the negative electrode current collector aluminum, nickel, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable in view of electrochemical stability.
  • Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
  • the negative electrode can be manufactured by forming a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder on the negative electrode current collector.
  • the method for forming the negative electrode active material layer include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, a CVD method, and a sputtering method.
  • a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof may be formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering to form a negative electrode current collector.
  • the electrode element includes at least a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged to face each other.
  • the shape of the secondary battery may be any of a cylindrical type, a flat wound square type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat wound laminated type, and a laminated laminate type, and a laminated laminate type is preferable.
  • an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery will be described.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
  • This electrode element is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of positive electrodes c and a plurality of negative electrodes a with a separator b interposed therebetween.
  • the positive electrode current collector e of each positive electrode c is welded to and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode terminal f is welded to the welded portion.
  • a negative electrode current collector d of each negative electrode a is welded and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode terminal g is welded to the welded portion.
  • the electrode element having such a planar laminated structure does not have a portion with a small R (a region close to the core of the concentric winding structure or a folded region corresponding to the end of the flat winding structure), Compared to an electrode element having a rotating structure, there is an advantage that it is less likely to be adversely affected by the volume change of the electrode accompanying charge / discharge. That is, it is effective as an electrode element using an active material that easily causes volume expansion.
  • an electrode element having a wound structure since the electrode is curved, the structure is easily distorted when a volume change occurs.
  • a negative electrode active material having a large volume change due to charge / discharge such as silicon oxide, it is considered that a secondary battery using an electrode element having a wound structure has a large capacity drop due to charge / discharge. .
  • the electrode element having a planar laminated structure has a problem that when the gas is generated between the electrodes, the generated gas tends to stay between the electrodes. This is because, in the case of an electrode element having a wound structure, the distance between the electrodes is difficult to widen because tension is applied to the electrodes, whereas in the case of an electrode element having a laminated structure, the distance between the electrodes is widened. This is because it is easy. This problem is particularly noticeable when the outer package is an aluminum laminate film.
  • the above-described problems can be solved, and a long-life driving is possible even in a laminated laminate type lithium ion secondary battery using a high energy type negative electrode.
  • an electrode element manufacturing step for example, when an electrode element having the structure of FIG. 1 is manufactured, three positive electrode layers and four negative electrode layers are alternately overlapped with a separator interposed therebetween, and a positive electrode collector not covered with a positive electrode active material.
  • An electrode element can be produced by welding the end portions of the negative electrode current collector not covered with the electric body and the negative electrode active material, respectively, and further welding the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal respectively to the welded portions.
  • time to perform lithium pre-doping refers to contacting a negative electrode active material with a lithium source (metallic lithium or a lithium compound having an activity similar thereto) that has not been in contact with the negative electrode active material until then. This is the time when the new lithium source is brought into contact with the negative electrode active material for the first time.
  • a lithium source metallic lithium or a lithium compound having an activity similar thereto
  • the lithium pre-doping treatment lithium can be doped (inserted) into the negative electrode active material from the lithium source to collapse the irreversible capacity. Further, as a result of the lithium pre-doping treatment, the metal or metal oxide in the electrode can react to generate a lithium metal oxide.
  • the lithium pre-doping performed before the negative electrode manufacturing step refers to the lithium pre-doping performed before or during the negative electrode manufacturing step. That is.
  • Examples of the lithium pre-doping performed before the negative electrode preparation step include pre-doping performed in the state of the negative electrode active material alone.
  • Examples of the lithium pre-doping performed during the negative electrode preparation step include lithium pre-doping performed in a state where a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder are mixed.
  • the lithium pre-doping process time of i
  • the form of a negative electrode active material may be a powder state or a slurry state, it is preferable that it is a powder state.
  • the powdered negative electrode active material include a powder of the negative electrode active material alone or a powder obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder.
  • a negative electrode active material in a slurry state a slurry obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material and an organic solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone, or a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and an organic solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone And a slurry obtained by mixing the.
  • an organic solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone
  • a negative electrode active material a negative electrode active material in a slurry state
  • the method described in Patent Document 4 or Patent Document 5 can be used as the lithium pre-doping method performed at (time i).
  • the specific molar ratio is not particularly limited, but the molar ratio of “metal contained in the powdered negative electrode active material” and “lithium contained in the lithium source” is preferably 5: 1 to 0.00.
  • the molar ratio is 5: 1, more preferably 2: 1 to 0.8: 1.
  • heat processing temperature is not specifically limited, 100 to 800 degreeC is preferable and 200 to 800 degreeC is more preferable.
  • the lithium source include lithium metal, an organic lithium compound, lithium hydride, and lithium aluminum hydride. Among these, lithium hydride and lithium aluminum hydride are more preferable.
  • the negative electrode active material is in a slurry state
  • a slurry containing the negative electrode active material is mixed with a lithium source in an atmosphere at a temperature of 60 ° C. to 125 ° C. to thereby convert lithium into the negative electrode active material.
  • the molar ratio between the “metal contained in the negative electrode active material” and the “lithium contained in the lithium source” in the slurry is preferably a molar ratio of 5: 1 to 0.5: 1. More preferred is a molar ratio of 1 to 0.8 to 1.
  • lithium source to be mixed with the negative electrode active material in the slurry state examples include lithium metal, organic lithium compound, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, and among these, lithium metal, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride are more. preferable. Moreover, these lithium sources may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
  • lithium pre-doping performed after the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step refers to the negative electrode and the positive electrode by winding or stacking.
  • lithium pre-doping performed in a state of only the negative electrode preferably in a state where the negative electrode is in the electrode plate state
  • a method in which a negative electrode is disposed in an electrolyte together with a lithium source, lithium is doped using a potential difference between the negative electrode and the lithium source, and lithium diffusion by heat is utilized.
  • a method of doping lithium into the negative electrode see Patent Document 3
  • a lithium battery with the lithium source placed on the negative electrode by vapor deposition or the like are used as a secondary battery, and the secondary battery is heated at a low temperature (approximately 70 to 80 ° C. or lower) and a method of doping lithium with a potential difference.
  • the negative electrode obtained by applying the negative electrode active material together with the negative electrode binder and the conductive auxiliary agent on the negative electrode current collector may be pressed before the electrode element manufacturing step.
  • the lithium pre-doping time of ii
  • the diffusion of lithium is improved, but the electrode tends to peel off during pressing.
  • peeling of the electrode during pressing is less likely to occur, but lithium diffusion tends to be delayed.
  • the lithium source is preferably in the form of a sheet.
  • the sheet-like lithium source include rolled lithium foil and vapor-deposited lithium foil.
  • the base material of the sheet include metals such as copper and plastic films such as PET. Heating is performed after the lithium source is brought into contact with the electrode.
  • the heating temperature is preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 180.5 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 125 ° C. or lower.
  • the heating time depends on the heating temperature, it is generally 1 to 48 hours, preferably 8 to 16 hours. Since metallic lithium reacts violently with moisture, all operations are preferably performed in a low humidity environment.
  • the pre-doping performed during the electrode element manufacturing process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “time of iii”) is a process of manufacturing an electrode element including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator. It is a pre-dope performed between.
  • the pre-doping performed at (iii) can reduce the process time because the lithium source can be arranged simultaneously with the lamination of the electrode and the separator. However, it cannot be accelerated at high temperatures to prevent the separator from melting.
  • a pre-doping method to be performed at (iii) for example, when laminating a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator, at least one surface of the surface covered with the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode, preferably a lithium metal foil or the like on both surfaces
  • the method of laminating a lithium source is mentioned.
  • a lithium source is laminated on both sides of all the negative electrodes to be formed.
  • a laminate in which a negative electrode, a lithium source, a positive electrode, a separator, and the like are combined.
  • the heating temperature may be lower than the melting point of the separator to be used, and for example, heating at 60 to 120 ° C. is preferable.
  • the heating time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 hour to 48 hours, for example.
  • the pre-doping performed after the electrode element manufacturing step preferably means that after the electrode element is manufactured, the electrode element and the electrolyte are It is a pre-doping performed in the process of completing the secondary battery by enclosing it in the exterior body.
  • the pre-doping performed at (iv time) can increase the diffusion speed of lithium by injecting an electrolytic solution.
  • Examples of the pre-doping method performed at (iv time) include a method of laminating a lithium source such as a lithium metal foil on the outermost negative electrode of the electrode element.
  • the electrode element in which the lithium source is laminated on the outermost negative electrode in this manner is enclosed in an outer package such as a metal can or an aluminum laminate film together with the electrolytic solution, and is incorporated into a secondary battery. Then, when this laminated electrode element touches the electrolyte in the secondary battery, a kind of local battery is formed and self-discharged, and lithium is doped electrochemically into the negative electrode active material.
  • lithium pre-doping is performed at least two times out of the above (i time) to (iv time).
  • the combination of the periods when the lithium pre-doping is performed includes at least (ii period), that is, (ii period), (i period), (iii period) and (iv period) A combination with at least one period is preferable, and a combination of the period (i) and the period (ii) is more preferable.
  • lithium pre-doping is performed on the negative electrode active material in the powder state (time i), and lithium pre-doping is performed on the negative electrode state (time ii). It is further preferable to combine with the above. This makes it easier to control the valence of silicon.
  • “only when the negative electrode active material is doped with lithium in the state of (i)”, an attempt to dope a sufficient amount of lithium increases the active sites on the negative electrode surface due to the reaction with lithium. This increases the reactivity with moisture in the battery, causing a deterioration of the service life.
  • the target lithium pre-doping Of the amount, in the “powder state” at (time i), the weight ratio is about 3/4 or less, preferably 2/3 or less, more preferably 1/2 or less, and the remaining deficiency is ( It is particularly preferable to dope in the state of the negative electrode at the time of ii). Thereby, a secondary battery with various battery characteristics can be manufactured.
  • the positive electrode is formed, for example, by binding a positive electrode active material so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
  • lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) or lithium manganate having a spinel structure; LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 or a transition metal thereof Lithium transition metal oxides in which a specific transition metal such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 does not exceed half the lithium transition metal oxides; In which Li is made excessive in comparison with the stoichiometric composition.
  • a positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
  • the positive electrode binder the same as the negative electrode binder can be used.
  • polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
  • the amount of the positive electrode binder used is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “higher energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
  • the positive electrode current collector the same as the negative electrode current collector can be used.
  • a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance.
  • the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
  • the electrolytic solution used in the present embodiment includes a nonaqueous electrolytic solution that is stable at the operating potential of the battery and a supporting salt.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) Chain carbonates such as ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC); propylene carbonate derivatives; aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate; diethyl ether and ethyl propyl ether And aprotic organic solvents such as phosphate esters.
  • the fluorinated aprotic organic solvent which substituted some of them with the fluorine is mentioned.
  • non-aqueous electrolytes include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (MEC).
  • Cyclic or chain carbonates such as dipropyl carbonate (DPC) are preferred.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
  • the supporting salt used in the present embodiment include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ). 2 and lithium salts such as LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
  • the supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more. LiPF 6 is preferable from the viewpoint of low cost.
  • ⁇ Separator> As the separator, a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used. Moreover, what laminated
  • the exterior body can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the electrolytic solution and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property.
  • a laminated laminate type secondary battery a laminate film made of aluminum, silica-coated polypropylene, polyethylene, or the like can be used as the outer package.
  • an aluminum laminate film from the viewpoint of suppressing volume expansion.
  • the distortion of the electrode element becomes very large when gas is generated, compared to a secondary battery using a metal can as the exterior body. This is because the laminate film is more easily deformed by the internal pressure of the secondary battery than the metal can. Furthermore, when sealing a secondary battery using a laminate film as an exterior body, the internal pressure of the battery is usually lower than the atmospheric pressure, so there is no extra space inside, and if gas is generated, it is immediately It tends to lead to battery volume changes and electrode element deformation.
  • the secondary battery according to the present embodiment can overcome the above problem. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated laminate type lithium ion secondary battery that is inexpensive and excellent in design flexibility of cell capacity by changing the number of laminated layers.
  • Example 1 [Preparation of positive electrode] Lithium nickelate (LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ) as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive auxiliary, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder: They were weighed at a mass ratio of 5: 5 and mixed with n-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 5 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further pressed to produce a positive electrode.
  • Lithium nickelate LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2
  • carbon black as a conductive auxiliary
  • polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • a negative electrode was doped with lithium by flowing a current of 1 mA for 50 hours in a room temperature environment.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • Example 2 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by vapor deposition. That is, lithium pre-doping was performed by arranging a metal lithium wire and a negative electrode in a vacuum chamber and heating the metal lithium wire in a vacuum.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 4 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed facing the negative electrode, vacuum-sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed and bonded to the negative electrode, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 185 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 5 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed and bonded to the negative electrode, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 6 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and faced, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 170 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 7 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 8 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode, faced in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 70 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 9 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed and bonded to the negative electrode, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 10 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a metal (a) was obtained by mixing tin with an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m and silicon with an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m at a weight ratio of 80:20 and performing mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere.
  • this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • Lithium hydride was mixed with the metal (a) at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 11 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a metal (a) was obtained by mixing tin with an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m and silicon with an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m at a weight ratio of 80:20 and performing mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere.
  • this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • Lithium hydride was mixed with the metal (a) at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 12 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a metal (a) was obtained by mixing tin having an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 ⁇ m at a weight ratio of 80:20 and performing mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere.
  • this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • Lithium hydride was mixed with the metal (a) at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
  • the obtained mixture was mechanically milled in an argon atmosphere to obtain a mixture.
  • the metal (a) was dispersed in the oxide (b), and the oxide (b) had an amorphous structure.
  • the obtained mixture was subjected to CVD treatment at 1150 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere containing methane gas to obtain a negative electrode active material in which carbon was localized near the surface of the negative electrode active material.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 13 [Preparation of positive electrode] A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • a silicon-silicon oxide mixed powder represented by the general formula SiO (a mixture of silicon oxide and silicon) is subjected to CVD treatment at 1150 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere containing methane gas, so that silicon in the silicon oxide is converted into an oxide matrix.
  • a negative electrode active material in which the oxide was amorphous and the carbon particles were localized near the surface of the silicon-silicon oxide mixed powder was obtained.
  • the mass ratio of silicon / silicon oxide / carbon was adjusted to be approximately 32/63/5.
  • This negative electrode active material was mixed with lithium hydride at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat-treated in argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
  • This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry.
  • the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
  • the lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping.
  • Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
  • the obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
  • the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
  • the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
  • the fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 14 Production and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 13 except that Ube Industries polyimide (U-varnish) was used as the negative electrode binder.
  • Example 15 Manufactured in the same manner as in Example 13 except that a 1: 1 weight ratio mixture of polyimide (U-varnish) manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. and polyamideimide (Vilomax) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used as the negative electrode binder. ⁇ Evaluated.
  • Example 11 when the metal (a) of the negative electrode was dispersed in the amorphous oxide (b), a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 11). Furthermore, when carbon (c) was localized near the surface of the negative electrode active material, a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 12). Furthermore, when the metal was silicon and the oxide was silicon oxide, a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 13). Further, it was confirmed that the same effect was obtained even if the type of the negative electrode binder was changed (Examples 14 and 15).
  • This embodiment can be used in all industrial fields that require a power source and in industrial fields related to the transport, storage, and supply of electrical energy.
  • power supplies for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers
  • power supplies for transportation and transportation media such as trains, satellites, and submarines, including electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles
  • a backup power source such as a UPS
  • a power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .

Abstract

The present invention is a secondary battery which comprises a negative electrode that has been subjected to a lithium predoping treatment. This secondary battery is characterized by being produced through: a step for forming a negative electrode that comprises a negative electrode active material containing at least a metal (a) which is alloyable with lithium, a binder for negative electrodes, and a negative electrode collector (a negative electrode formation step); and a step for forming an electrode element that comprises the negative electrode, which has been formed by the negative electrode formation step, a positive electrode and a separator such that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged so as to face each other (an electrode element formation step). This secondary battery is also characterized in that the lithium predoping treatment is carried out by bringing the negative electrode into contact with a lithium source in at least two periods that are selected from the group consisting of (period i) the period before the negative electrode formation step, (period ii) the period after the negative electrode formation step but before the electrode element formation step, (period iii) the period during the electrode element formation step, and (period iv) the period after the electrode element formation step.

Description

リチウムイオン二次電池Lithium ion secondary battery
 本発明は、リチウムイオン二次電池、特にリチウムイオン二次電池を作製する工程の中で、リチウムイオンと負極活物質とを反応させ、リチウムプレドープ処理を行うことにより製造されるリチウムイオン二次電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery produced by reacting lithium ions with a negative electrode active material and performing a lithium pre-doping treatment in a process of producing a lithium ion secondary battery, particularly a lithium ion secondary battery. It relates to batteries.
 ノート型パソコン、携帯電話、電気自動車などの急速な市場拡大に伴い、高エネルギー密度の二次電池が求められている。高エネルギー密度の二次電池を得る手段として、容量の大きな負極材料を用いる方法や、それらの負極に対し、電極または電極材料の段階でリチウムイオンを負極と反応させる方法、いわゆるリチウムプレドープ法などが挙げられる。 With the rapid market expansion of notebook computers, mobile phones, electric vehicles, etc., secondary batteries with high energy density are required. As a means for obtaining a high energy density secondary battery, a method using a negative electrode material having a large capacity, a method of reacting lithium ions with the negative electrode at the stage of the electrode or the electrode material, a so-called lithium pre-doping method, etc. Is mentioned.
 特許文献1には、シリコンの酸化物またはシリケート化合物を二次電池の負極活物質に利用することが開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses that a silicon oxide or a silicate compound is used as a negative electrode active material of a secondary battery.
 特許文献2および特許文献3には、非炭素系負極に金属リチウム箔を貼り付け、加熱することで、非炭素系負極にリチウムを拡散させることが開示されている。 Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose that lithium is diffused into a non-carbon-based negative electrode by attaching a metal lithium foil to the non-carbon-based negative electrode and heating.
 特許文献4および特許文献5には、炭素で被覆されたシリコン-シリコン酸化物系複合体粒子にリチウムをドープする技術が開示されている。 Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose a technique of doping lithium into silicon-silicon oxide composite particles coated with carbon.
 特許文献6には、酸化数が0のシリコンと、酸化数が0から+4のシリコンと、酸化数が+4のシリコンからなる負極材料が開示されている。さらに、リチウムシリケートとしてはLiSiO、LiSiO、LiSi、LiSiが開示されている。 Patent Document 6 discloses a negative electrode material made of silicon having an oxidation number of 0, silicon having an oxidation number of 0 to +4, and silicon having an oxidation number of +4. Further, Li 2 SiO 3, Li 4 SiO 4, Li 4 Si 3 O 8, Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is disclosed as lithium silicate.
 特許文献7には、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料粒子、リチウムと合金可能な金属粒子、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る酸化物粒子を含む活物質層を備えた二次電池用負極が開示されている。加えて、リチウム金属を負極表面に張り合わせる技術が開示されている。 Patent Document 7 discloses a negative electrode for a secondary battery provided with an active material layer containing carbon material particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, metal particles capable of being alloyed with lithium, and oxide particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions. Is disclosed. In addition, a technique for bonding lithium metal to the negative electrode surface is disclosed.
 特許文献8には、シリコンの微結晶がシリコン化合物に分散した構造を有する粒子の表面を炭素でコーティングした二次電池用負極材料が開示されている。 Patent Document 8 discloses a negative electrode material for a secondary battery in which the surface of particles having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in a silicon compound is coated with carbon.
 特許文献9および特許文献10には、負極活物質がシリコンを含む場合に、負極用結着剤として加熱により脱水縮合反応を生じる熱硬化性樹脂やポリイミドを用いることが開示されている。 Patent Documents 9 and 10 disclose that when the negative electrode active material contains silicon, a thermosetting resin or polyimide that causes a dehydration condensation reaction by heating is used as a negative electrode binder.
特開平6-325765号公報JP-A-6-325765 特開2005-353575号公報JP 2005-353575 A 特開2007-214109号公報JP 2007-214109 A 特開2011-222151号公報JP 2011-222151 A 特開2011-222153号公報JP 2011-222153 A 特開2005-183264号公報JP 2005-183264 A 特開2003-123740号公報JP 2003-123740 A 特開2004-47404号公報JP 2004-47404 A 特開2004-22433号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-22433 特開2008-153117号公報JP 2008-153117 A
 しかしながら、特許文献1に記載されたシリコンの酸化物を負極活物質に利用した二次電池は、45℃以上で充放電させると、充放電サイクルに伴う容量低下が著しく大きいという問題点があった。 However, the secondary battery using the oxide of silicon described in Patent Document 1 as the negative electrode active material has a problem that when the charge / discharge is performed at 45 ° C. or higher, the capacity reduction accompanying the charge / discharge cycle is remarkably large. .
 特許文献2には、非炭素系負極電極に、金属リチウム箔を貼り付けて、30~160℃で加熱する二次電池用負極の製造方法が開示されている。しかしながら、特許文献2の目的は、充放電時にリチウムが消費されても、金属リチウム層からリチウムが溶解して供給され「リチウム枯渇」の問題を解消することにある。すなわち、リチウムプレドープにより、シリコンの価数を制御したリチウムシリケートを形成し、高エネルギー長寿命のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製することを目的とはしていない。加えて、特許文献2では、負極活物質に関する検討、ならびにリチウムイオン二次電池を形成する上で不可欠な結着剤、電極素子構造、および外装体についての検討が、十分になされていない点が多く見られた。 Patent Document 2 discloses a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery in which a metal lithium foil is attached to a non-carbon negative electrode and heated at 30 to 160 ° C. However, the purpose of Patent Document 2 is to solve the problem of “lithium depletion” by dissolving and supplying lithium from the metal lithium layer even when lithium is consumed during charging and discharging. That is, it is not intended to produce a lithium ion secondary battery having a high energy and a long life by forming lithium silicate with controlled valence of silicon by lithium pre-doping. In addition, in Patent Document 2, the study on the negative electrode active material and the study on the binder, the electrode element structure, and the exterior body that are indispensable for forming the lithium ion secondary battery are not sufficiently performed. Many were seen.
 特許文献3には、二次電池の製造方法として、非炭素系負極の活物質を含む層の表面に、リチウムを主体とする金属膜を接触させて、リチウムと負極の活物質とを反応させる工程が開示されている。しかしながら、リチウムプレドープにより、シリコンの価数を制御したリチウムシリケートを形成する検討は不十分である。加えて、負極活物質に関する検討、ならびに、リチウムイオン二次電池を形成する上で不可欠な結着剤、電極素子構造、および外装体についての検討が、十分に検討されていない点が多く見られた。 In Patent Document 3, as a method of manufacturing a secondary battery, a metal film mainly composed of lithium is brought into contact with the surface of a layer containing an active material of a non-carbon-based negative electrode to react lithium with the active material of the negative electrode. A process is disclosed. However, studies on forming lithium silicate with controlled valence of silicon by lithium pre-doping are insufficient. In addition, many studies have been made on the negative electrode active material and on the binder, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery. It was.
 特許文献4および特許文献5に記載された二次電池用負極材料も二次電池のエネルギー密度を向上させることが出来る。しかしながら、リチウムイオン二次電池を形成する上で不可欠な結着剤、電解液、電極素子構造、および外装体について、十分に検討されていない点が多く見られた。 The negative electrode materials for secondary batteries described in Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 can also improve the energy density of the secondary battery. However, the binder, electrolyte solution, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, have not been fully studied.
 また、特許文献4、特許文献5等に記載されているように、いわゆる粉末状態の負極活物質に対するリチウムドーププロセスにより、あらかじめシリコン系負極活物質にリチウムをドープさせる技術はエネルギー密度の向上のために有効である。しかしながら、本発明者らの検討の結果、これら文献に記載されたリチウムドープさせる方法のみでは、(1)リチウムとの反応物による負極表面の活性点が増える、(2)電池内の水分との反応性が上がる、(3)負極の不可逆容量が減少し正極の充放電範囲が広くなるため正極の劣化が進む、などの理由によりガスの発生量が増加し、特に、セルがラミネート型の場合、セルの特性劣化を引き起こすことが判明した。加えて、いわゆる粉末状態の負極活物質に対するリチウムドープのみでは不十分であり、エネルギー密度を更に向上させることが求められている。 In addition, as described in Patent Document 4, Patent Document 5, and the like, a technique of doping lithium into a silicon-based negative electrode active material in advance by a lithium doping process for a so-called powdered negative electrode active material is for improving energy density. It is effective for. However, as a result of the study by the present inventors, only the lithium doping method described in these documents increases (1) the number of active sites on the negative electrode surface due to the reaction with lithium, and (2) the moisture content in the battery. The amount of gas generated increases due to reasons such as increased reactivity, (3) the irreversible capacity of the negative electrode decreases and the charge / discharge range of the positive electrode widens, and the deterioration of the positive electrode proceeds, especially when the cell is a laminate type It has been found that it causes cell characteristic deterioration. In addition, lithium doping alone with respect to the so-called powdered negative electrode active material is insufficient, and there is a demand for further improving the energy density.
 また、特許文献2、特許文献3、特許文献4および特許文献5では、リチウムプレドープの方法として、非炭素系負極活物質に粉末の段階でリチウムと反応させ、さらに電極作製後に、金属リチウム箔を用いてリチウムと反応させる手法およびその効果については、全く検討されていない。 In Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, and Patent Document 5, as a lithium pre-doping method, a non-carbon-based negative electrode active material is reacted with lithium at a powder stage, and after the electrode is manufactured, a metal lithium foil is used. The method of reacting with lithium by using lithium and the effect thereof have not been studied at all.
 特許文献6では、シリコンの価数を制御したリチウムシリケートを形成することで、高エネルギー長寿命のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製することを目的としている。しかしながら、負極活物質に関する検討およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法が不十分であった。 Patent Document 6 aims to produce a lithium ion secondary battery having a high energy and a long life by forming a lithium silicate in which the valence of silicon is controlled. However, the study on the negative electrode active material and the method for producing the lithium ion secondary battery were insufficient.
 特許文献7に記載された二次電池用負極では、3種の成分の充放電電位の違いにより、リチウムを吸蔵、放出する際、負極全体としての体積変化を緩和させる効果がある。また、リチウム金属を負極表面に張り合わせることで、負極活物質の不可逆容量サイトを消滅させる効果がある。しかしながら、特許文献7では、リチウムプレドープの方法として、負極活物質の段階でリチウムと反応させる技術の検討や、3種の成分の共存状態における関係について、十分に検討されていない点が多く見られた。加えて、リチウムイオン二次電池を形成する上で不可欠な結着剤、電解液、電極素子構造、および外装体について、十分に検討されていない点が多く見られた。 The negative electrode for a secondary battery described in Patent Document 7 has an effect of relaxing the volume change of the entire negative electrode when lithium is occluded and released due to the difference in charge / discharge potential of the three components. Further, by bonding lithium metal to the negative electrode surface, there is an effect of eliminating the irreversible capacity sites of the negative electrode active material. However, in Patent Document 7, as a method of lithium pre-doping, there are many points that have not been fully studied on the study of the technology of reacting with lithium at the negative electrode active material stage and the relationship in the coexistence state of the three components. It was. In addition, the binder, electrolyte solution, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, have not been fully studied.
 特許文献8に記載された二次電池用負極材料も、負極全体として体積変化を緩和させる効果がある。しかしながら、特許文献8では、リチウムプレドープ技術については、全く検討されていない。また、リチウムイオン二次電池を形成する上で不可欠な結着剤、電解液、電極素子構造、および外装体について、十分に検討されていない点が多く見られた。 The negative electrode material for a secondary battery described in Patent Document 8 also has an effect of reducing volume change as a whole of the negative electrode. However, Patent Document 8 does not discuss the lithium pre-doping technique at all. In addition, there have been many points that have not been sufficiently studied about binders, electrolytes, electrode element structures, and exterior bodies that are indispensable for forming lithium ion secondary batteries.
 特許文献9および特許文献10には、負極用結着剤について記載されている。しかしながら、負極活物質の状態に関する検討や、リチウムプレドープ技術に関する検討が不十分であった。加えて、リチウムイオン二次電池を形成する上で不可欠な電解液、電極素子構造、および外装体について、十分に検討されていない点が多く見られた。 Patent Document 9 and Patent Document 10 describe a binder for a negative electrode. However, studies on the state of the negative electrode active material and studies on the lithium pre-doping technology have been insufficient. In addition, the electrolyte solution, the electrode element structure, and the exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, are often not fully studied.
 上記のとおり、負極活物質として、主材に非炭素系物質を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池は、高容量であるが、初回の充電時に不可逆となる容量成分が多く、高温環境下で充放電させると二次電池が膨れ、容量維持率が低下する等のサイクル特性の低下が問題となっており、それを解決できる技術の更なる開発が望まれていた。 As described above, the lithium ion secondary battery using a non-carbon material as the negative electrode active material has a high capacity, but has many capacity components that are irreversible during the first charge, and is charged and discharged in a high temperature environment. As a result, the secondary battery swells and the cycle characteristics such as the capacity retention rate decrease, which is a problem. Further development of a technology capable of solving the problem has been desired.
 そこで、本発明に係る実施形態は、高エネルギー密度で、かつ高温サイクル特性が良好な二次電池を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery having a high energy density and good high-temperature cycle characteristics.
 本発明は、
 リチウムプレドープ処理が行われた負極を有する二次電池であって、
 少なくともリチウムと合金可能な金属(a)を含む負極活物質と、負極用結着剤と、負極集電体とを含む負極を作製する工程(負極作製工程)と、
 前記負極作製工程により作製された負極と、正極と、セパレータとを含み、正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子を作製する工程(電極素子作製工程)と、
 を経て製造され、
  (iの時期)負極作製工程以前、
  (iiの時期)負極作製工程より後で電極素子作製工程より前、
  (iiiの時期)電極素子作製工程の間、および
  (ivの時期)電極素子作製工程より後、
から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも2つの時期にリチウム源と接触することによりリチウムプレドープ処理が行われることを特徴とする、二次電池に関する。
The present invention
A secondary battery having a negative electrode subjected to lithium pre-doping,
Producing a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material containing at least a metal capable of alloying with lithium (a), a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector (negative electrode production step);
A step of producing an electrode element including the negative electrode produced by the negative electrode production step, a positive electrode, and a separator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other (electrode element production step);
Manufactured through
(Time of i) Before the negative electrode manufacturing process,
(Time of ii) After the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step,
(Time of iii) during the electrode element manufacturing process, and (time of iv) after the electrode element manufacturing process,
The present invention relates to a secondary battery in which a lithium pre-doping process is performed by contacting a lithium source at least at two times selected from the group consisting of:
 本発明に係る実施形態によれば、高エネルギー密度で、かつ高温サイクル特性が良好な二次電池を提供できる。 According to the embodiment of the present invention, a secondary battery having a high energy density and good high-temperature cycle characteristics can be provided.
積層ラミネート型の二次電池が有する電極素子の構造を示す模式的断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
 以下、本実施形態について、詳細に説明する。なお、本明細書において、リチウムプレドープのことを、単に「プレドープ」、「ドープ」と記載することもある。 Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in detail. In this specification, lithium pre-doping may be simply referred to as “pre-doping” or “doping”.
 本実施形態に係る二次電池は、
 リチウムプレドープ処理が行われた負極を有する二次電池であって、
 少なくともリチウムと合金可能な金属(a)を含む負極活物質と、負極用結着剤と、負極集電体とを含む負極を作製する工程(負極作製工程)と、
 前記負極作製工程により作製された負極と、正極と、セパレータとを含み、正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子を作製する工程(電極素子作製工程)と、
 を経て製造され、
  (iの時期)負極作製工程以前、
  (iiの時期)負極作製工程より後で電極素子作製工程より前、
  (iiiの時期)電極素子作製工程の間、および
  (ivの時期)電極素子作製工程より後、
から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも2つの時期にリチウム源と接触することによりリチウムプレドープ処理が行われる製造方法により得られる。
The secondary battery according to this embodiment is
A secondary battery having a negative electrode subjected to lithium pre-doping,
Producing a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material containing at least a metal capable of alloying with lithium (a), a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector (negative electrode production step);
A step of producing an electrode element including the negative electrode produced by the negative electrode production step, a positive electrode, and a separator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other (electrode element production step);
Manufactured through
(Time of i) Before the negative electrode manufacturing process,
(Time of ii) After the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step,
(Time of iii) during the electrode element manufacturing process, and (time of iv) after the electrode element manufacturing process,
It is obtained by a production method in which a lithium pre-doping treatment is performed by contacting a lithium source at least at two times selected from the group consisting of:
 まず、「負極作製工程」および「電極素子作製工程」について説明する。 First, the “negative electrode manufacturing process” and the “electrode element manufacturing process” will be described.
<負極作製工程>
 本実施形態において、負極は、負極活物質と、負極用結着剤と、負極集電体とを含み、負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体を覆うように結着されてなる。
<Negative electrode fabrication process>
In this embodiment, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material is bound so as to cover the negative electrode current collector with the negative electrode binder. Become.
 本実施形態において、負極活物質は、少なくともリチウムと合金可能な金属(a)を含む。負極活物質は、さらにリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、および/またはリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出しうる炭素材料(c)を含むことが好ましい。 In this embodiment, the negative electrode active material includes at least a metal (a) that can be alloyed with lithium. The negative electrode active material preferably further contains a metal oxide (b) that can occlude and release lithium ions and / or a carbon material (c) that can occlude and release lithium ions.
 金属(a)としては、Al、Si、Pb、Sn、In、Bi、Ag、Ba、Ca、Hg、Pd、Pt、Te、Zn、La、またはこれらの2種以上の合金を用いることができる。特に、金属(a)としてシリコン(Si)を含むことが好ましい。負極活物質中の金属(a)の含有率は、5質量%以上95質量%以下とすることが好ましく、10質量%以上90質量%以下とすることがより好ましく、20質量%以上50質量%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。 As the metal (a), Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, or an alloy of two or more thereof can be used. . In particular, it is preferable that silicon (Si) is included as the metal (a). The content of the metal (a) in the negative electrode active material is preferably 5% by mass to 95% by mass, more preferably 10% by mass to 90% by mass, and more preferably 20% by mass to 50% by mass. More preferably, it is as follows.
 金属酸化物(b)としては、酸化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化スズ、酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化リチウム、またはこれらのうちの2種以上の複合物を用いることができる。特に、金属酸化物(b)として酸化シリコンを含むことが好ましい。これは、酸化シリコンは、比較的安定で他の化合物との反応を引き起こしにくいからである。また、金属酸化物(b)に、窒素、ホウ素およびイオウの中から選ばれる一種または二種以上の元素を、例えば0.1~5質量%添加することもできる。こうすることで、金属酸化物(b)の電気伝導性を向上させることができる。負極活物質中の金属酸化物(b)の含有率は、特に限定されず、0質量%であってもよいが、5質量%以上90質量%以下とすることが好ましく、40質量%以上80質量%以下とすることがより好ましく、50質量%以上70質量%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。 As the metal oxide (b), silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, or a composite of two or more of these can be used. In particular, silicon oxide is preferably included as the metal oxide (b). This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds. In addition, one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide (b), for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass. By carrying out like this, the electrical conductivity of a metal oxide (b) can be improved. The content of the metal oxide (b) in the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited and may be 0% by mass, but is preferably 5% by mass to 90% by mass, and preferably 40% by mass to 80% by mass. It is more preferable to set it as mass% or less, and it is still more preferable to set it as 50 mass% or more and 70 mass% or less.
 金属酸化物(b)は、その全部または一部がアモルファス構造を有することが好ましい。アモルファス構造の金属酸化物(b)は、他の負極活物質である炭素材料(c)や金属(a)の体積膨張を抑制したり、電解液の分解を抑制したりすることができる。このメカニズムは明確ではないが、金属酸化物(b)がアモルファス構造であることにより、炭素材料(c)と電解液の界面への皮膜形成に何らかの影響があるものと推定される。また、アモルファス構造は、結晶粒界や欠陥といった不均一性に起因する要素が比較的少ないと考えられる。なお、金属酸化物(b)の全部または一部がアモルファス構造を有することは、エックス線回折測定(一般的なXRD測定)にて確認することができる。具体的には、金属酸化物(b)がアモルファス構造を有しない場合には、金属酸化物(b)に固有のピークが観測されるが、金属酸化物(b)の全部または一部がアモルファス構造を有する場合が、金属酸化物(b)に固有ピークがブロードとなって観測される。 The metal oxide (b) preferably has an amorphous structure in whole or in part. The metal oxide (b) having an amorphous structure can suppress the volume expansion of the carbon material (c) and the metal (a), which are other negative electrode active materials, and can suppress the decomposition of the electrolytic solution. Although this mechanism is not clear, it is presumed that the metal oxide (b) has some influence on the formation of a film on the interface between the carbon material (c) and the electrolytic solution due to the amorphous structure. The amorphous structure is considered to have relatively few elements due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects. It can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement (general XRD measurement) that all or part of the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure. Specifically, when the metal oxide (b) does not have an amorphous structure, a peak specific to the metal oxide (b) is observed, but all or part of the metal oxide (b) is amorphous. In the case of having a structure, the intrinsic peak is observed broad in the metal oxide (b).
 また、負極活物質が金属(a)および金属酸化物(b)を含む場合、金属(a)は、その全部または一部が金属酸化物(b)中に分散していることが好ましい。金属(a)の少なくとも一部を金属酸化物(b)中に分散させることで、負極全体としての体積膨張をより抑制することができ、電解液の分解も抑制することができる。なお、金属(a)の全部または一部が金属酸化物(b)中に分散していることは、透過型電子顕微鏡観察(一般的なTEM観察)とエネルギー分散型X線分光法測定(一般的なEDX測定)を併用することで確認することができる。具体的には、金属粒子(a)を含むサンプルの断面を観察し、金属酸化物(b)中に分散している金属粒子(a)の酸素濃度を測定し、金属粒子(a)を構成している金属が酸化物となっていないことを確認することができる。 In addition, when the negative electrode active material contains a metal (a) and a metal oxide (b), it is preferable that the metal (a) is entirely or partially dispersed in the metal oxide (b). By dispersing at least a part of the metal (a) in the metal oxide (b), volume expansion as the whole negative electrode can be further suppressed, and decomposition of the electrolytic solution can also be suppressed. Note that all or part of the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) because of observation with a transmission electron microscope (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (general). This can be confirmed by using a combination of a standard EDX measurement. Specifically, the cross section of the sample containing the metal particles (a) is observed, the oxygen concentration of the metal particles (a) dispersed in the metal oxide (b) is measured, and the metal particles (a) are configured. It can be confirmed that the metal being used is not an oxide.
 さらに、負極活物質が金属(a)および金属酸化物(b)を含む場合、金属酸化物(b)は、金属(a)を構成する金属の酸化物であることが好ましい。 Furthermore, when the negative electrode active material contains a metal (a) and a metal oxide (b), the metal oxide (b) is preferably an oxide of a metal constituting the metal (a).
 負極活物質が金属(a)と金属酸化物(b)とを含む場合、金属(a)および金属酸化物(b)の割合に特に制限はない。金属(a)は、金属(a)および金属酸化物(b)の合計に対し、5質量%以上90質量%以下とすることが好ましく、30質量%以上60質量%以下とすることが好ましい。金属酸化物(b)は、金属(a)および金属酸化物(b)の合計に対し、10質量%以上95質量%以下とすることが好ましく、40質量%以上70質量%以下とすることが好ましい。 When the negative electrode active material contains a metal (a) and a metal oxide (b), the ratio of the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b) is not particularly limited. It is preferable that a metal (a) shall be 5 to 90 mass% with respect to the sum total of a metal (a) and a metal oxide (b), and it is preferable to set it as 30 to 60 mass%. The metal oxide (b) is preferably 10% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less with respect to the total of the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b). preferable.
 炭素材料(c)としては、黒鉛、非晶質炭素、ダイヤモンド状炭素、カーボンナノチューブ、またはこれらのうちの2種以上の複合物を用いることができる。ここで、結晶性の高い黒鉛は、電気伝導性が高く、銅などの金属からなる負極集電体との接着性および電圧平坦性が優れている。一方、結晶性の低い非晶質炭素は、体積膨張が比較的小さいため、負極全体の体積膨張を緩和する効果が高く、かつ結晶粒界や欠陥といった不均一性に起因する劣化が起きにくい。負極活物質中の炭素材料(c)の含有率は、0質量%でも構わないが、2質量%以上50質量%以下とすることが好ましく、2質量%以上30質量%以下とすることがより好ましい。 As the carbon material (c), graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite of two or more of these can be used. Here, graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a negative electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper. On the other hand, since amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs. The content of the carbon material (c) in the negative electrode active material may be 0% by mass, but is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less. preferable.
 負極活物質が金属(a)と金属酸化物(b)と炭素材料(c)とを含む場合、金属(a)、金属酸化物(b)および炭素材料(c)の割合に特に制限はない。金属(a)は、金属(a)、金属酸化物(b)および炭素材料(c)の合計に対し、5質量%以上90質量%以下とすることが好ましく、20質量%以上50質量%以下とすることが好ましい。金属酸化物(b)は、金属(a)、金属酸化物(b)および炭素材料(c)の合計に対し、5質量%以上90質量%以下とすることが好ましく、40質量%以上70質量%以下とすることが好ましい。炭素材料(c)は、金属(a)、金属酸化物(b)および炭素材料(c)の合計に対し、2質量%以上50質量%以下とすることが好ましく、2質量%以上30質量%以下とすることが好ましい。 When the negative electrode active material includes a metal (a), a metal oxide (b), and a carbon material (c), the ratio of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c) is not particularly limited. . The metal (a) is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to the total of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c). It is preferable that The metal oxide (b) is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass with respect to the total of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c). % Or less is preferable. The carbon material (c) is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the total of the metal (a), the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c). The following is preferable.
 また、金属(a)、金属酸化物(b)および炭素材料(c)は、特に制限するものではないが、それぞれ粒子状のものを用いることができる。例えば、金属(a)の平均粒子径は、金属酸化物(b)の平均粒子径および炭素材料(c)の平均粒子径よりも小さい構成とすることができる。このようにすれば、充放電時に伴う体積変化の大きい金属(a)が相対的に小粒径となり、体積変化の小さい金属酸化物(b)や炭素材料(c)が相対的に大粒径となるため、デンドライト生成および合金の微粉化がより効果的に抑制される。また、充放電の過程で大粒径の粒子、小粒径の粒子、大粒径の粒子の順にリチウムが吸蔵、放出されることとなり、この点からも、残留応力、残留歪みの発生が抑制される。金属(a)の平均粒子径は、例えば10μm以下とすることができ、5μm以下とすることが好ましい。 Further, the metal (a), the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c) are not particularly limited, but particulate materials can be used. For example, the average particle diameter of the metal (a) may be smaller than the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (b) and the average particle diameter of the carbon material (c). In this way, the metal (a) having a large volume change during charging and discharging has a relatively small particle size, and the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c) having a small volume change have a relatively large particle size. Therefore, dendrite formation and alloy pulverization are more effectively suppressed. In addition, lithium is occluded and released in the order of large-diameter particles, small-diameter particles, and large-diameter particles during the charge / discharge process. This also suppresses the occurrence of residual stress and residual strain. Is done. The average particle diameter of the metal (a) can be, for example, 10 μm or less, and is preferably 5 μm or less.
 また、炭素材料(c)は、被覆のような状態で、金属(a)と金属酸化物(b)からなる粒子の表面付近に局在化していても良い。局在化させることで炭素の凝集を防ぐことができ、電極全体としての観点では、体積膨張の緩和や電子伝導性の均一化に効果がある。 Further, the carbon material (c) may be localized in the vicinity of the surface of the particle composed of the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b) in a state like a coating. By localizing, carbon aggregation can be prevented, and from the viewpoint of the electrode as a whole, there is an effect on relaxation of volume expansion and equalization of electronic conductivity.
 負極活物質が金属(a)と金属酸化物(b)と炭素材料(c)とを含み、金属酸化物(b)の全部または一部がアモルファス構造であり、金属(a)の全部または一部が金属酸化物(b)中に分散しており、炭素材料(c)が局在化しているような負極活物質は、例えば、特許文献8で開示されているような方法で作製することができる。すなわち、金属酸化物(b)をメタンガスなどの有機物ガスを含む雰囲気下でCVD処理を行うことで、金属酸化物(b)中の金属(a)がナノクラスター化し、かつ表面が炭素材料(c)で被覆された複合体を得ることができる。また、金属(a)と金属酸化物(b)と炭素材料(c)とを、段階的にメカニカルミリングで混合することでも、上記負極活物質を作製することができる。 The negative electrode active material includes a metal (a), a metal oxide (b), and a carbon material (c), and all or part of the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure, and all or one part of the metal (a) The negative electrode active material in which the part is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) and the carbon material (c) is localized is produced by, for example, a method disclosed in Patent Document 8. Can do. That is, by performing a CVD process on the metal oxide (b) in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas, the metal (a) in the metal oxide (b) is nanoclustered and the surface is a carbon material (c ) Can be obtained. Moreover, the said negative electrode active material is producible also by mixing a metal (a), a metal oxide (b), and a carbon material (c) by mechanical milling in steps.
 また、本実施形態において、負極活物質は、シリコンを主体とした負極活物質であることが好ましい。シリコンおよびシリコン酸化物に、後述のようにリチウムプレドープ処理を行うことで、リチウムシリケートを形成することが出来る。その際、シリコンの価数を制御することで、高容量かつ長寿命の負極を作製することができる。具体的には、特許文献6に記載されているように、酸化数が0のシリコンと、酸化数が+4のシリコン原子を有するシリコン化合物と、酸化数が0より大きく+4未満のシリコン原子を有するシリコン低級酸化物を形成することで、高容量かつ長寿命の負極を作製することが出来る。 In the present embodiment, the negative electrode active material is preferably a negative electrode active material mainly composed of silicon. Lithium silicate can be formed by performing lithium pre-doping on silicon and silicon oxide as described later. At that time, by controlling the valence of silicon, a negative electrode having a high capacity and a long life can be produced. Specifically, as described in Patent Document 6, silicon having an oxidation number of 0, a silicon compound having a silicon atom having an oxidation number of +4, and a silicon atom having an oxidation number of greater than 0 and less than +4 By forming a silicon lower oxide, a negative electrode having a high capacity and a long life can be produced.
 負極用結着剤としては、一般的には、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ビニリデンフルオライド-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、ビニリデンフルオライド-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合ゴム、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド等が用いられているが、本実施形態では、ポリイミドまたはポリアミドイミドを用いることが好ましい。使用する負極用結着剤の含有率は、トレードオフの関係にある「十分な結着力」と「高エネルギー化」の観点から、負極活物質と負極用結着剤の割合は、質量%比で95:5~80:20が好ましく、92:8~85:15がより好ましい。 As the binder for the negative electrode, generally, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, and the like are used. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use polyimide or polyamideimide. The content of the binder for the negative electrode to be used is the ratio of the mass% ratio of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. Is preferably 95: 5 to 80:20, more preferably 92: 8 to 85:15.
 負極集電体としては、電気化学的な安定性から、アルミニウム、ニッケル、銅、銀、およびそれらの合金が好ましい。その形状としては、箔、平板状、メッシュ状が挙げられる。 As the negative electrode current collector, aluminum, nickel, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable in view of electrochemical stability. Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
 本実施形態の負極作製工程において、負極は、負極集電体上に、負極活物質と負極用結着剤を含む負極活物質層を形成することで作製することができる。負極活物質層の形成方法としては、ドクターブレード法、ダイコーター法、CVD法、スパッタリング法などが挙げられる。予め負極活物質層を形成した後に、蒸着、スパッタ等の方法でアルミニウム、ニッケルまたはそれらの合金の薄膜を形成して、負極集電体としてもよい。 In the negative electrode manufacturing step of the present embodiment, the negative electrode can be manufactured by forming a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder on the negative electrode current collector. Examples of the method for forming the negative electrode active material layer include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, a CVD method, and a sputtering method. After forming a negative electrode active material layer in advance, a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof may be formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering to form a negative electrode current collector.
<電極素子作製工程>
 本実施形態において、電極素子は、少なくとも負極と正極とセパレータとを含み、正極および負極が対向配置されている。二次電池の形状は、円筒型、扁平捲回角型、積層角型、コイン型、扁平捲回ラミネート型および積層ラミネート型のいずれでもよいが、積層ラミネート型が好ましい。以下、本実施形態の一例として、積層ラミネート型の二次電池が有する電極素子について説明する。
<Electrode element manufacturing process>
In the present embodiment, the electrode element includes at least a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged to face each other. The shape of the secondary battery may be any of a cylindrical type, a flat wound square type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat wound laminated type, and a laminated laminate type, and a laminated laminate type is preferable. Hereinafter, as an example of this embodiment, an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery will be described.
 図1は、積層ラミネート型の二次電池が有する電極素子の構造を示す模式的断面図である。この電極素子は、正極cの複数および負極aの複数が、セパレータbを挟みつつ交互に積み重ねられて形成されている。各正極cが有する正極集電体eは、正極活物質に覆われていない端部で互いに溶接されて電気的に接続され、さらにその溶接箇所に正極端子fが溶接されている。各負極aが有する負極集電体dは、負極活物質に覆われていない端部で互いに溶接されて電気的に接続され、さらにその溶接箇所に負極端子gが溶接されている。 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery. This electrode element is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of positive electrodes c and a plurality of negative electrodes a with a separator b interposed therebetween. The positive electrode current collector e of each positive electrode c is welded to and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode terminal f is welded to the welded portion. A negative electrode current collector d of each negative electrode a is welded and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode terminal g is welded to the welded portion.
 このような平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子は、Rの小さい部分(同心円型捲回構造の巻き芯に近い領域、あるいは、扁平型捲回構造の端部にあたる折り返し領域)がないため、捲回構造を持つ電極素子に比べて、充放電に伴う電極の体積変化に対する悪影響を受けにくいという利点がある。すなわち、体積膨張を起こしやすい活物質を用いた電極素子として有効である。一方で、捲回構造を持つ電極素子では電極が湾曲しているため、体積変化が生じた場合にその構造が歪みやすい。特に、シリコン酸化物のように充放電に伴う体積変化が大きい負極活物質を用いた場合、捲回構造を持つ電極素子を用いた二次電池では、充放電に伴う容量低下が大きいと考えられる。 Since the electrode element having such a planar laminated structure does not have a portion with a small R (a region close to the core of the concentric winding structure or a folded region corresponding to the end of the flat winding structure), Compared to an electrode element having a rotating structure, there is an advantage that it is less likely to be adversely affected by the volume change of the electrode accompanying charge / discharge. That is, it is effective as an electrode element using an active material that easily causes volume expansion. On the other hand, in an electrode element having a wound structure, since the electrode is curved, the structure is easily distorted when a volume change occurs. In particular, when a negative electrode active material having a large volume change due to charge / discharge, such as silicon oxide, is used, it is considered that a secondary battery using an electrode element having a wound structure has a large capacity drop due to charge / discharge. .
 ところが、平面的な積層構造を持つ電極素子には、電極間にガスが発生した際に、その発生したガスが電極間に滞留しやすい問題点がある。これは、捲回構造を持つ電極素子の場合には電極に張力が働いているため電極間の間隔が広がりにくいのに対して、積層構造を持つ電極素子の場合には電極間の間隔が広がりやすいためである。外装体がアルミラミネートフィルムであった場合、この問題は特に顕著となる。 However, the electrode element having a planar laminated structure has a problem that when the gas is generated between the electrodes, the generated gas tends to stay between the electrodes. This is because, in the case of an electrode element having a wound structure, the distance between the electrodes is difficult to widen because tension is applied to the electrodes, whereas in the case of an electrode element having a laminated structure, the distance between the electrodes is widened. This is because it is easy. This problem is particularly noticeable when the outer package is an aluminum laminate film.
 本実施形態では、上記の問題を解決することができ、高エネルギー型の負極を用いた積層ラミネート型のリチウムイオン二次電池においても、長寿命駆動が可能となる。 In the present embodiment, the above-described problems can be solved, and a long-life driving is possible even in a laminated laminate type lithium ion secondary battery using a high energy type negative electrode.
 電極素子作製工程においては、例えば図1の構造を有する電極素子を作製する場合、正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータを挟みつつ交互に重ね、正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、正極端子および負極端子をそれぞれ溶接することにより、電極素子を作製できる。 In the electrode element manufacturing step, for example, when an electrode element having the structure of FIG. 1 is manufactured, three positive electrode layers and four negative electrode layers are alternately overlapped with a separator interposed therebetween, and a positive electrode collector not covered with a positive electrode active material. An electrode element can be produced by welding the end portions of the negative electrode current collector not covered with the electric body and the negative electrode active material, respectively, and further welding the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal respectively to the welded portions.
<リチウムプレドープ>
 次に(iの時期)~(ivの時期)に行うリチウムプレドープについて、時期ごとに説明する。なお、本明細書において「リチウムプレドープを行う時期」とは、それまで負極活物質と接触していなかったリチウム源(金属リチウムまたはそれに類する活性を有するリチウム化合物)と、負極活物質とを接触させる時期、すなわち、新たなリチウム源と負極活物質とを最初に接触させる時期のことをいう。リチウムプレドープ処理により、リチウム源から、リチウムを負極活物質にドープ(挿入)させ、不可逆容量を潰すことができる。また、リチウムプレドープ処理の結果、電極中の金属や金属酸化物が反応し、リチウム金属酸化物を生成させることが出来る。
<Lithium pre-dope>
Next, the lithium pre-doping performed from (i period) to (iv period) will be described for each period. In the present specification, “time to perform lithium pre-doping” refers to contacting a negative electrode active material with a lithium source (metallic lithium or a lithium compound having an activity similar thereto) that has not been in contact with the negative electrode active material until then. This is the time when the new lithium source is brought into contact with the negative electrode active material for the first time. Through the lithium pre-doping treatment, lithium can be doped (inserted) into the negative electrode active material from the lithium source to collapse the irreversible capacity. Further, as a result of the lithium pre-doping treatment, the metal or metal oxide in the electrode can react to generate a lithium metal oxide.
<(iの時期)負極作製工程以前に行うリチウムプレドープ>
 本実施形態において、負極作製工程以前(以下、「iの時期」と記載することもある。)に行うリチウムプレドープとは、負極作製工程より前または負極作製工程の間に行うリチウムプレドープのことである。負極作製工程より前に行うリチウムプレドープとしては、負極活物質単独の状態で行うプレドープが挙げられる。負極作製工程の間に行うリチウムプレドープとしては、負極活物質と負極用結着剤等とを混合した状態で行うリチウムプレドープが挙げられる。これらのうち、(iの時期)のリチウムプレドープ処理は負極活物質単独の状態で行われることが好ましい。また、負極活物質の形態は、粉末状態であってもスラリー状態であってもよいが、粉末状態であることが好ましい。粉末状態の負極活物質としては、例えば、負極活物質単独の粉末、または、負極活物質と負極用結着剤とを混合した粉末が挙げられる。スラリー状態の負極活物質としては、負極活物質とn-メチルピロリドン等の有機溶媒とを混合して得られたスラリー、または負極活物質と負極用結着剤とn-メチルピロリドン等の有機溶媒とを混合して得られたスラリーが挙げられる。これらのうち、負極活物質単独の粉末にリチウムプレドープ処理することがより好ましい。
<(Time of i) Lithium pre-doping performed before the negative electrode preparation process>
In this embodiment, the lithium pre-doping performed before the negative electrode manufacturing step (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “time of i”) refers to the lithium pre-doping performed before or during the negative electrode manufacturing step. That is. Examples of the lithium pre-doping performed before the negative electrode preparation step include pre-doping performed in the state of the negative electrode active material alone. Examples of the lithium pre-doping performed during the negative electrode preparation step include lithium pre-doping performed in a state where a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder are mixed. Among these, it is preferable that the lithium pre-doping process (time of i) is performed in the state of the negative electrode active material alone. Moreover, although the form of a negative electrode active material may be a powder state or a slurry state, it is preferable that it is a powder state. Examples of the powdered negative electrode active material include a powder of the negative electrode active material alone or a powder obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder. As a negative electrode active material in a slurry state, a slurry obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material and an organic solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone, or a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and an organic solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone And a slurry obtained by mixing the. Among these, it is more preferable to perform lithium pre-doping treatment on the powder of the negative electrode active material alone.
 (iの時期)に行うリチウムプレドープ方法として、負極活物質が粉末状態の場合、例えば、特許文献4または特許文献5に記載された手法を用いることができる。具体的には、粉末状態の負極活物質とリチウム源とを、特定のモル比で混合した後、加熱処理を行うことが好ましい。ここで、特定のモル比とは、特に限定はされないが、「粉末状態の負極活物質に含まれる金属」と「リチウム源に含まれるリチウム」とのモル比を好ましくは5:1~0.5:1、更に好ましくは、2:1~0.8:1のモル比としたものである。加熱処理温度は、特に限定はされないが、100℃以上800℃以下が好ましく、200℃以上800℃以下がより好ましい。リチウム源としては、リチウム金属、有機リチウム化合物、水素化リチウム、水素化リチウムアルミニウムが挙げられ、これらのうち、水素化リチウム、水素化リチウムアルミニウムがより好ましい。 When the negative electrode active material is in a powder state, for example, the method described in Patent Document 4 or Patent Document 5 can be used as the lithium pre-doping method performed at (time i). Specifically, it is preferable to perform heat treatment after mixing the negative electrode active material in a powder state and the lithium source at a specific molar ratio. Here, the specific molar ratio is not particularly limited, but the molar ratio of “metal contained in the powdered negative electrode active material” and “lithium contained in the lithium source” is preferably 5: 1 to 0.00. The molar ratio is 5: 1, more preferably 2: 1 to 0.8: 1. Although heat processing temperature is not specifically limited, 100 to 800 degreeC is preferable and 200 to 800 degreeC is more preferable. Examples of the lithium source include lithium metal, an organic lithium compound, lithium hydride, and lithium aluminum hydride. Among these, lithium hydride and lithium aluminum hydride are more preferable.
 負極活物質がスラリー状態の場合、リチウムをドープする方法としては、例えば、負極活物質を含むスラリーを、温度60℃~125℃の雰囲気下でリチウム源と混合することによりリチウムを負極活物質にドープすることができる。このときスラリー中の「負極活物質に含まれる金属」と、「リチウム源に含まれるリチウム」とのモル比は、5対1~0.5対1のモル比であることが好ましく、2対1~0.8対1のモル比であることがさらに好ましい。スラリー状態の負極活物質と混合するリチウム源としては、リチウム金属、有機リチウム化合物、水素化リチウム、水素化リチウムアルミニウムが挙げられ、これらのうち、リチウム金属、水素化リチウム、水素化リチウムアルミニウムがより好ましい。また、これらリチウム源は一種を単独で使用しても二種以上を併用してもよい。 In the case where the negative electrode active material is in a slurry state, as a method for doping lithium, for example, a slurry containing the negative electrode active material is mixed with a lithium source in an atmosphere at a temperature of 60 ° C. to 125 ° C. to thereby convert lithium into the negative electrode active material. Can be doped. At this time, the molar ratio between the “metal contained in the negative electrode active material” and the “lithium contained in the lithium source” in the slurry is preferably a molar ratio of 5: 1 to 0.5: 1. More preferred is a molar ratio of 1 to 0.8 to 1. Examples of the lithium source to be mixed with the negative electrode active material in the slurry state include lithium metal, organic lithium compound, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, and among these, lithium metal, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride are more. preferable. Moreover, these lithium sources may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
<(iiの時期)負極作製工程より後で電極素子作製工程より前に行うプレドープ>
 本実施形態において、負極作製工程より後で電極素子作製工程より前(以下、「iiの時期」と記載することもある。)に行うリチウムプレドープとは、捲回あるいは積層によって、負極、正極、およびセパレータが組み合わさった電極素子になる前の時期に、負極のみの状態(好ましくは負極が極板状態にある状態)で行うリチウムプレドープのことである。
<(Time of ii) Pre-doping performed after the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step>
In this embodiment, lithium pre-doping performed after the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “time of ii”) refers to the negative electrode and the positive electrode by winding or stacking. , And lithium pre-doping performed in a state of only the negative electrode (preferably in a state where the negative electrode is in the electrode plate state) before the electrode element in which the separator is combined.
 この(iiの時期)に行うプレドープの方法としては、負極電極を電解液中にリチウム源とともに配置し、負極電極とリチウム源の電位差を利用してリチウムをドープする方法、熱によるリチウム拡散を利用して負極電極にリチウムをドープする方法(特許文献3参照)、および、蒸着手法などによりリチウム源を負極電極上に配置したまま二次電池とし、二次電池の状態で低温加熱(概ね70~80℃以下)や電位差によりリチウムをドープさせる方法などが挙げられる。 As a pre-doping method to be performed at this time (ii), a method in which a negative electrode is disposed in an electrolyte together with a lithium source, lithium is doped using a potential difference between the negative electrode and the lithium source, and lithium diffusion by heat is utilized. Then, a method of doping lithium into the negative electrode (see Patent Document 3) and a lithium battery with the lithium source placed on the negative electrode by vapor deposition or the like are used as a secondary battery, and the secondary battery is heated at a low temperature (approximately 70 to 80 ° C. or lower) and a method of doping lithium with a potential difference.
 また、負極集電体上に負極活物質を負極用結着剤や導電助剤とともに塗布することにより得られた負極を、電極素子作製工程より前にプレスしてもよい。この場合、(iiの時期)のリチウムプレドープは、負極をプレスする前に行ってもよいし、負極をプレスした後に行ってもよい。プレスの前にリチウムプレドープを行うと、リチウムの拡散は良好となるが、プレス時に電極が剥がれやすくなる傾向がある。一方、プレスの後にリチウムプレドープを行うと、プレス時の電極の剥がれは起こりにくくなるが、リチウムの拡散が遅くなる傾向がある。 Also, the negative electrode obtained by applying the negative electrode active material together with the negative electrode binder and the conductive auxiliary agent on the negative electrode current collector may be pressed before the electrode element manufacturing step. In this case, the lithium pre-doping (time of ii) may be performed before the negative electrode is pressed, or may be performed after the negative electrode is pressed. When lithium pre-doping is performed before pressing, the diffusion of lithium is improved, but the electrode tends to peel off during pressing. On the other hand, when lithium pre-doping is performed after pressing, peeling of the electrode during pressing is less likely to occur, but lithium diffusion tends to be delayed.
 (iiの時期)に行うプレドープの方法の1つとして、熱によるリチウム拡散を利用してリチウムをドープする方法について以下詳説する。熱によってリチウムを拡散させるためには、リチウムを金属状態、あるいは、金属に近い活性を有する化合物の状態で、負極電極に接触させる必要がある。電極に均一に接触させるため、リチウム源は、シート状であることが好ましい。シート状のリチウム源としては、圧延リチウム箔や蒸着リチウム箔などが挙げられる。シートの基材としては、銅などの金属やPETなどのプラスチックフィルムが挙げられる。電極にリチウム源を接触させた後、加熱を行う。その際、金属リチウムの融点(180.5℃)を超えると、溶融したリチウムが電極以外の場所にも流れ出てしまい、効率的な拡散が行われないので、金属リチウムの融点以下の温度で行うことが好ましい。加熱温度は、具体的には、好ましくは70℃以上180.5℃以下であり、より好ましくは、80℃以上130℃以下、さらに好ましくは80℃以上125℃以下である。加熱時間は、加熱温度にも依存するが、概ね1時間から48時間であり、好ましくは8時間から16時間である。なお、金属リチウムは水分と激しく反応するため、全ての作業は低湿度環境で行うことが好ましい。 As one of the pre-doping methods performed at (ii period), a method of doping lithium using thermal lithium diffusion will be described in detail below. In order to diffuse lithium by heat, it is necessary to contact lithium with the negative electrode in a metallic state or a compound having an activity close to that of a metal. In order to uniformly contact the electrode, the lithium source is preferably in the form of a sheet. Examples of the sheet-like lithium source include rolled lithium foil and vapor-deposited lithium foil. Examples of the base material of the sheet include metals such as copper and plastic films such as PET. Heating is performed after the lithium source is brought into contact with the electrode. At that time, if the melting point (180.5 ° C.) of the metallic lithium is exceeded, the molten lithium flows out to a place other than the electrode, and efficient diffusion is not performed. It is preferable. Specifically, the heating temperature is preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 180.5 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 125 ° C. or lower. Although the heating time depends on the heating temperature, it is generally 1 to 48 hours, preferably 8 to 16 hours. Since metallic lithium reacts violently with moisture, all operations are preferably performed in a low humidity environment.
<(iiiの時期)電極素子作製工程の間に行うプレドープ>
 本実施形態において、電極素子作製工程の間(以下、「iiiの時期」と記載することもある。)に行うプレドープとは、負極と、正極と、セパレータとを含む電極素子を作製する工程の間において行うプレドープのことである。(iiiの時期)に行うプレドープは、電極やセパレータの積層と同時にリチウム源を配置できるため、工程時間を短縮できる。ただし、セパレータの溶融を防ぐため、高温で加速することが出来ない。
<(Period of iii) pre-doping performed during the electrode element manufacturing process>
In the present embodiment, the pre-doping performed during the electrode element manufacturing process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “time of iii”) is a process of manufacturing an electrode element including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator. It is a pre-dope performed between. The pre-doping performed at (iii) can reduce the process time because the lithium source can be arranged simultaneously with the lamination of the electrode and the separator. However, it cannot be accelerated at high temperatures to prevent the separator from melting.
 (iiiの時期)に行うプレドープの方法としては、例えば、負極と正極とセパレータとを積層する際、負極の負極活物質で覆われている面の少なくとも片面、好ましくは両面にリチウム金属箔等のリチウム源を積層する方法が挙げられる。電極素子を構成する負極が2層以上あるときは、少なくとも1層の負極の負極活物質で覆われている面のうち片面がリチウム源と接触していればよいが、好ましくは、電極素子を構成するすべての負極の両面にリチウム源を積層する。 As a pre-doping method to be performed at (iii), for example, when laminating a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator, at least one surface of the surface covered with the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode, preferably a lithium metal foil or the like on both surfaces The method of laminating a lithium source is mentioned. When there are two or more negative electrodes constituting the electrode element, it is sufficient that at least one of the surfaces of the negative electrode covered with the negative electrode active material is in contact with the lithium source. A lithium source is laminated on both sides of all the negative electrodes to be formed.
 さらに、プレドープされるリチウム量を増やすために、負極、リチウム源、正極、セパレータ等が組み合わされた積層体(電極素子)を加熱することが好ましい。加熱温度は、用いるセパレータの融点より低ければよく、例えば60~120℃で加熱することが好ましい。加熱時間は、特に限定はされないが、例えば、1時間から48時間が好ましい。 Furthermore, in order to increase the amount of predoped lithium, it is preferable to heat a laminate (electrode element) in which a negative electrode, a lithium source, a positive electrode, a separator, and the like are combined. The heating temperature may be lower than the melting point of the separator to be used, and for example, heating at 60 to 120 ° C. is preferable. The heating time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 hour to 48 hours, for example.
<(ivの時期)電極素子作製工程より後に行うプレドープ>
 本実施形態において、電極素子作製工程より後(以下、「ivの時期」と記載することもある。)に行うプレドープとは、電極素子を作製した後、好ましくは、電極素子と電解液とを外装体内に封入して二次電池を完成する工程において行うプレドープのことである。(ivの時期)に行うプレドープは、電解液を注入することにより、リチウムの拡散スピードを上げることが出来る。
<(Time of iv) Pre-doping performed after electrode element manufacturing step>
In the present embodiment, the pre-doping performed after the electrode element manufacturing step (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “time of iv”) preferably means that after the electrode element is manufactured, the electrode element and the electrolyte are It is a pre-doping performed in the process of completing the secondary battery by enclosing it in the exterior body. The pre-doping performed at (iv time) can increase the diffusion speed of lithium by injecting an electrolytic solution.
 (ivの時期)に行うプレドープの方法としては、例えば、電極素子の最外層の負極上にリチウム金属箔等のリチウム源を積層する方法が挙げられる。このように最外層の負極上にリチウム源が積層された電極素子を、電解液とともに金属缶やアルミラミネートフィルムといった外装体内に封入することで、二次電池に組み込む。そして、二次電池内でこの積層電極素子が電解質に触れることにより一種の局部電池を形成し自己放電し電気化学的にリチウムが負極活物質にドープされる。 Examples of the pre-doping method performed at (iv time) include a method of laminating a lithium source such as a lithium metal foil on the outermost negative electrode of the electrode element. The electrode element in which the lithium source is laminated on the outermost negative electrode in this manner is enclosed in an outer package such as a metal can or an aluminum laminate film together with the electrolytic solution, and is incorporated into a secondary battery. Then, when this laminated electrode element touches the electrolyte in the secondary battery, a kind of local battery is formed and self-discharged, and lithium is doped electrochemically into the negative electrode active material.
 本実施形態では、上記(iの時期)~(ivの時期)のうち、少なくとも2つの時期にリチウムプレドープを行う。リチウムプレドープを行う時期の組み合わせしては、少なくとも(iiの時期)を含む組み合わせ、すなわち、(iiの時期)と、(iの時期)、(iiiの時期)および(ivの時期)のうち少なくとも1つの時期との組み合わせが好ましく、(i)の時期と(ii)の時期との組み合わせがより好ましい。 In the present embodiment, lithium pre-doping is performed at least two times out of the above (i time) to (iv time). The combination of the periods when the lithium pre-doping is performed includes at least (ii period), that is, (ii period), (i period), (iii period) and (iv period) A combination with at least one period is preferable, and a combination of the period (i) and the period (ii) is more preferable.
 また、シリコンを主体とした負極活物質を用いた場合、(iの時期)に粉末状態の負極活物質にリチウムプレドープを行うことと、(iiの時期)に負極電極の状態でリチウムプレドープを行うこととを組み合わせることがさらに好ましい。これにより、シリコンの価数を制御しやすくなる。ここで、「(iの時期)に負極活物質が粉末の状態でリチウムをドープする」のみでは、十分な量のリチウムをドープしようとすると、リチウムとの反応物による負極表面の活性点が増え、電池内の水分との反応性が上がるため、寿命の悪化を引き起こす。一方、「(iiの時期)に負極電極の状態でリチウムをドープする」のみでは、均一に十分な量のリチウムをドープできないか、あるいは、均一に十分な量のリチウムをドープさせるための反応をゆっくり進ませるために、膨大な時間が必要となる。 When a negative electrode active material mainly composed of silicon is used, lithium pre-doping is performed on the negative electrode active material in the powder state (time i), and lithium pre-doping is performed on the negative electrode state (time ii). It is further preferable to combine with the above. This makes it easier to control the valence of silicon. Here, “only when the negative electrode active material is doped with lithium in the state of (i)”, an attempt to dope a sufficient amount of lithium increases the active sites on the negative electrode surface due to the reaction with lithium. This increases the reactivity with moisture in the battery, causing a deterioration of the service life. On the other hand, it is not possible to dope a sufficient amount of lithium uniformly only by “doping lithium in the state of a negative electrode at (ii)” or a reaction for doping a sufficient amount of lithium uniformly. A huge amount of time is required to progress slowly.
 上記(iの時期)に粉末状態の負極活物質にリチウムプレドープを行うことと、(iiの時期)に負極電極の状態でリチウムプレドープを行うこととを組み合わせる場合、目的とするリチウムプレドープ量のうち、(iの時期)に「粉末の状態」で、重量比でおよそ3/4以下、好ましくは2/3以下、さらに好ましくは1/2以下をドープし、残りの不足分を(iiの時期)に負極電極の状態でドープすることが特に好ましい。これにより、種々の電池特性が高い二次電池を製造することができる。 When combining lithium pre-doping on the negative electrode active material in the above state (time i) and lithium pre-doping in the state of the negative electrode in (ii time), the target lithium pre-doping Of the amount, in the “powder state” at (time i), the weight ratio is about 3/4 or less, preferably 2/3 or less, more preferably 1/2 or less, and the remaining deficiency is ( It is particularly preferable to dope in the state of the negative electrode at the time of ii). Thereby, a secondary battery with various battery characteristics can be manufactured.
 以下、本実施形態の二次電池を構成する正極、電解液、セパレータ、外装体について説明する。 Hereinafter, the positive electrode, the electrolytic solution, the separator, and the exterior body constituting the secondary battery of this embodiment will be described.
 <正極>
 正極は、例えば、正極活物質が正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着されてなる。
<Positive electrode>
The positive electrode is formed, for example, by binding a positive electrode active material so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
 正極活物質としては、LiMnO、LiMn(0<x<2)等の層状構造を持つマンガン酸リチウムまたはスピネル構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム;LiCoO、LiNiOまたはこれらの遷移金属の一部を他の金属で置き換えたもの;LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3などの特定の遷移金属が半数を超えないリチウム遷移金属酸化物;これらのリチウム遷移金属酸化物において化学量論組成よりもLiを過剰にしたもの等が挙げられる。特に、LiαNiβCoγAlδ(1≦α≦1.2、β+γ+δ=1、β≧0.7、γ≦0.2)またはLiαNiβCoγMnδ(1≦α≦1.2、β+γ+δ=1、β≧0.6、γ≦0.2)が好ましい。正極活物質は、一種を単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。 As the positive electrode active material, lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 <x <2) or lithium manganate having a spinel structure; LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 or a transition metal thereof Lithium transition metal oxides in which a specific transition metal such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 does not exceed half the lithium transition metal oxides; In which Li is made excessive in comparison with the stoichiometric composition. In particular, Li α Ni β Co γ Al δ O 2 (1 ≦ α ≦ 1.2, β + γ + δ = 1, β ≧ 0.7, γ ≦ 0.2) or Li α Ni β Co γ Mn δ O 2 (1 ≦ α ≦ 1.2, β + γ + δ = 1, β ≧ 0.6, γ ≦ 0.2) are preferable. A positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
 正極用結着剤としては、負極用結着剤と同様のものと用いることができる。中でも、汎用性や低コストの観点から、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが好ましい。使用する正極用結着剤の量は、トレードオフの関係にある「十分な結着力」と「高エネルギー化」の観点から、正極活物質100質量部に対して、2~10質量部が好ましい。 As the positive electrode binder, the same as the negative electrode binder can be used. Among these, polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost. The amount of the positive electrode binder used is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “higher energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
 正極集電体としては、負極集電体と同様のものを用いることができる。 As the positive electrode current collector, the same as the negative electrode current collector can be used.
 正極活物質を含む正極活物質層には、インピーダンスを低下させる目的で、導電補助材を添加してもよい。導電補助材としては、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック等の炭素質微粒子が挙げられる。 A conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance. Examples of the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
 <電解液>
 本実施形態で用いる電解液は、電池の動作電位において安定な非水電解液と支持塩を含む。非水電解液の具体例としては、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)等の環状カーボネート類;ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)等の鎖状カーボネート類;プロピレンカーボネート誘導体;ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル等の脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類;ジエチルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル等のエーテル類;リン酸エステル類などの非プロトン性有機溶媒が挙げられる。また、それらの一部をフッ素で置換したフッ素化非プロトン性有機溶媒が挙げられる。
<Electrolyte>
The electrolytic solution used in the present embodiment includes a nonaqueous electrolytic solution that is stable at the operating potential of the battery and a supporting salt. Specific examples of the non-aqueous electrolyte include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) Chain carbonates such as ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC); propylene carbonate derivatives; aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate; diethyl ether and ethyl propyl ether And aprotic organic solvents such as phosphate esters. Moreover, the fluorinated aprotic organic solvent which substituted some of them with the fluorine is mentioned.
 特に、非水電解液は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(MEC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)等の環状または鎖状カーボネート類が好ましい。非水電解液は、一種を単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。 In particular, non-aqueous electrolytes include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (MEC). Cyclic or chain carbonates such as dipropyl carbonate (DPC) are preferred. A non-aqueous electrolyte can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
 本実施形態で用いる支持塩の具体例としては、LiPF、LiAsF、LiAlCl、LiClO、LiBF、LiSbF、LiCFSO、LiCSO、Li(CFSO、LiN(CFSO等のリチウム塩が挙げられる。支持塩は、一種を単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。低コストの観点からLiPFが好ましい。 Specific examples of the supporting salt used in the present embodiment include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ). 2 and lithium salts such as LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 . The supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more. LiPF 6 is preferable from the viewpoint of low cost.
 <セパレータ>
 セパレータとしては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
<Separator>
As the separator, a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used. Moreover, what laminated | stacked them can also be used as a separator.
 <外装体>
 外装体としては、電解液に安定で、かつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。例えば、積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、外装体としては、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。特に、体積膨張を抑制する観点から、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
<Exterior body>
The exterior body can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the electrolytic solution and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property. For example, in the case of a laminated laminate type secondary battery, a laminate film made of aluminum, silica-coated polypropylene, polyethylene, or the like can be used as the outer package. In particular, it is preferable to use an aluminum laminate film from the viewpoint of suppressing volume expansion.
 外装体としてラミネートフィルムを用いた二次電池の場合、外装体として金属缶を用いた二次電池に比べて、ガスが発生すると電極素子の歪みが非常に大きくなる。これは、ラミネートフィルムが金属缶に比べて二次電池の内圧により変形しやすいためである。さらに、外装体としてラミネートフィルムを用いた二次電池を封止する際には、通常、電池内圧を大気圧より低くするため、内部に余分な空間がなく、ガスが発生した場合にそれが直ちに電池の体積変化や電極素子の変形につながりやすい。 In the case of a secondary battery using a laminate film as an exterior body, the distortion of the electrode element becomes very large when gas is generated, compared to a secondary battery using a metal can as the exterior body. This is because the laminate film is more easily deformed by the internal pressure of the secondary battery than the metal can. Furthermore, when sealing a secondary battery using a laminate film as an exterior body, the internal pressure of the battery is usually lower than the atmospheric pressure, so there is no extra space inside, and if gas is generated, it is immediately It tends to lead to battery volume changes and electrode element deformation.
 ところが、本実施形態に係る二次電池は、上記問題を克服することができる。よって、本発明により、安価かつ積層数の変更によるセル容量の設計の自由度に優れた、積層ラミネート型のリチウムイオン二次電池を提供することができる。 However, the secondary battery according to the present embodiment can overcome the above problem. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated laminate type lithium ion secondary battery that is inexpensive and excellent in design flexibility of cell capacity by changing the number of laminated layers.
 以下、本実施形態を実施例により具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be specifically described by way of examples.
 (実施例1)
 [正極の作製]
 正極活物質としてのニッケル酸リチウム(LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05)と、導電補助材としてのカーボンブラックと、正極用結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、90:5:5の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、正極スラリーとした。正極スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミ箔に5mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、正極を作製した。
Example 1
[Preparation of positive electrode]
Lithium nickelate (LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ) as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive auxiliary, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder: They were weighed at a mass ratio of 5: 5 and mixed with n-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm at a basis weight of 5 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further pressed to produce a positive electrode.
 [電解液の作製]
 EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC=20/20/20/20/20(体積比)からなるカーボネート系非水電解液に、支持塩としてのLiPFを1モル/Lの濃度で溶解して、電解液を得た。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
LiPF 6 as a supporting salt was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L in a carbonate-based non-aqueous electrolyte composed of EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC = 20/20/20/20/20 (volume ratio). The electrolyte solution was obtained.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。対極をリチウム箔とした2極式ビーカーセル(電解液は前述のものと同じ)にて、室温環境下、1mAの電流を50時間流すことで、負極にリチウムをドープした。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. In a two-electrode beaker cell having the counter electrode made of lithium foil (electrolytic solution is the same as described above), a negative electrode was doped with lithium by flowing a current of 1 mA for 50 hours in a room temperature environment.
 [二次電池の作製とリチウムプレドープ2回目]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。そして、リチウムプレドープを行うために、最外層の負極の外側にLi箔を配置した。
[Production of secondary battery and lithium pre-doping second time]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure. And in order to perform lithium pre dope, Li foil was arrange | positioned on the outer side of the negative electrode of outermost layer.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 <充放電効率評価>
 得られた二次電池を、20℃環境下で2mAの電流にて、上限電圧4.2V、下限電圧2.7Vで充放電を行い、そのときの初回充放電効率を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
<Charge / discharge efficiency evaluation>
The obtained secondary battery was charged and discharged at an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V and a lower limit voltage of 2.7 V at a current of 2 mA in a 20 ° C. environment, and the initial charge and discharge efficiency at that time was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
 <充放電後のシワ調査>
 充放電後、二次電池の表面に、シワが発生した。そのシワを「非常に多い」、「非常に少ない」、「その中間」と目視で判断し、「非常に多い」を「×」、「非常に少ない」を「○」、「その中間」を「△」として、結果を表1に示した。
<Wrinkle investigation after charging / discharging>
After charging / discharging, wrinkles were generated on the surface of the secondary battery. Visually judge the wrinkles as “very many”, “very few”, “middle”, “very” “x”, “very few” “○”, “middle” The results are shown in Table 1 as “Δ”.
 <サイクル試験>
 45℃に保った恒温槽中で、50mAの電流にて、上限電圧4.2V、下限電圧2.7Vで50回充放電を繰り返し、1回目の放電容量に対する50回目の放電容量の比率を維持率とした。結果を表1に示す。
<Cycle test>
In a constant temperature bath maintained at 45 ° C., charge / discharge is repeated 50 times at a current of 50 mA at an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V and a lower limit voltage of 2.7 V, and the ratio of the 50th discharge capacity to the first discharge capacity is maintained. Rate. The results are shown in Table 1.
 なお、表1中、リチウムプレドープを行った時期として記載した(iの時期)、(iiの時期)、(iiiの時期)および(ivの時期)は、本明細書中の記載に対応し、下記のとおりである。
(iの時期):負極作製工程以前
(iiの時期):負極作製工程より後であり、かつ、電極素子作製工程より前
(iiiの時期):電極素子作製工程の間
(ivの時期):電極素子作製工程より後
In Table 1, the (i period), (ii period), (iii period) and (iv period) described as the period when lithium pre-doping was performed correspond to the description in this specification. It is as follows.
(Time of i): Before negative electrode manufacturing process (time of ii): After the negative electrode manufacturing process and before the electrode element manufacturing process (time of iii): During the electrode element manufacturing process (time of iv): After the electrode element manufacturing process
 (実施例2)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 2)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープは蒸着法で行った。すなわち、真空チャンバー内に、金属リチウムワイヤーと負極を配置し、真空中で金属リチウムワイヤーを加熱することで、リチウムプレドープを行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by vapor deposition. That is, lithium pre-doping was performed by arranging a metal lithium wire and a negative electrode in a vacuum chamber and heating the metal lithium wire in a vacuum.
 [二次電池の作製とリチウムプレドープ2回目]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層とリチウム金属箔8層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。その際、リチウム金属箔2層が、負極1層を挟み込む形式にした。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。この電極素子を、60℃で加熱することにより、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Production of secondary battery and lithium pre-doping second time]
The obtained three layers of positive electrode, four layers of negative electrode, and eight layers of lithium metal foil were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. At that time, the lithium metal foil 2 layers sandwiched the negative electrode 1 layer. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure. This electrode element was heated at 60 ° C. to perform lithium pre-doping.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例3)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 3)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 [二次電池の作製とリチウムプレドープ2回目]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層とリチウム金属箔8層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。その際、リチウム金属箔2層が、負極1層を挟み込む形式にした。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。この電極素子を、60℃で加熱することにより、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Production of secondary battery and lithium pre-doping second time]
The obtained three layers of positive electrode, four layers of negative electrode, and eight layers of lithium metal foil were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. At that time, the lithium metal foil 2 layers sandwiched the negative electrode 1 layer. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure. This electrode element was heated at 60 ° C. to perform lithium pre-doping.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例4)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 4)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極に対向してCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、130℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed facing the negative electrode, vacuum-sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製とリチウムプレドープ2回目]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層とリチウム金属箔8層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。その際、リチウム金属箔2層が、負極1層を挟み込む形式にした。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。この電極素子を、60℃で加熱することにより、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Production of secondary battery and lithium pre-doping second time]
The obtained three layers of positive electrode, four layers of negative electrode, and eight layers of lithium metal foil were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. At that time, the lithium metal foil 2 layers sandwiched the negative electrode 1 layer. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure. This electrode element was heated at 60 ° C. to perform lithium pre-doping.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例1)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 1)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 [二次電池の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。そして、リチウムプレドープを行うために、最外層の負極の外側にLi箔を配置した。
[Preparation of secondary battery and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure. And in order to perform lithium pre dope, Li foil was arrange | positioned on the outer side of the negative electrode of outermost layer.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例2)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 2)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 [二次電池の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層とリチウム金属箔8層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。その際、リチウム金属箔2層が、負極1層を挟み込む形式にした。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。この電極素子を、60℃で加熱することにより、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of secondary battery and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
The obtained three layers of positive electrode, four layers of negative electrode, and eight layers of lithium metal foil were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. At that time, the lithium metal foil 2 layers sandwiched the negative electrode 1 layer. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure. This electrode element was heated at 60 ° C. to perform lithium pre-doping.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例3)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 3)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、130℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed and bonded to the negative electrode, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例4)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 4)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
[Preparation of negative electrode and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、185℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 185 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例5)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 5)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例6)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 6)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、150℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in argon gas at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (比較例7)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Comparative Example 7)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ(1回のみ)]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、850℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and lithium pre-doping (only once)]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in argon gas at 850 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例5)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 5)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、130℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed and bonded to the negative electrode, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示した。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例6)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 6)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、170℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and faced, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 170 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例7)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 7)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、100℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例8)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 8)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、70℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode, faced in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 70 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例9)
 [正極の作製]
実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
Example 9
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)としての負極活物質を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この負極活物質に、水素化アルミニウムリチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
Tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20, and mechanical milling treatment was performed in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material as metal (a). When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium aluminum hydride was mixed with the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、130℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, the lithium foil rolled on Cu foil was affixed and bonded to the negative electrode, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例10)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 10)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この金属(a)に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
A metal (a) was obtained by mixing tin with an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon with an average particle diameter of 7 μm at a weight ratio of 80:20 and performing mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere. When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the metal (a) at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この金属(a)と、酸化物(b)としての平均粒径5μmのシリコン酸化物と、炭素材料(c)としての平均粒径6μmの黒鉛とを、(a):(b):(c)=30:60:10の質量比で計量・混合して、負極活物質を得た。 This metal (a), silicon oxide having an average particle diameter of 5 μm as the oxide (b), and graphite having an average particle diameter of 6 μm as the carbon material (c) are obtained by (a) :( b) :( c ) = 30: 60: 10 Weighed and mixed at a mass ratio of 30:60:10 to obtain a negative electrode active material.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、100℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例11)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 11)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この金属(a)に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
A metal (a) was obtained by mixing tin with an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon with an average particle diameter of 7 μm at a weight ratio of 80:20 and performing mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere. When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the metal (a) at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この金属(a)と、酸化物(b)としての平均粒径5μmのシリコン酸化物と、炭素材料(c)としての平均粒径6μmの黒鉛とを、(a):(b):(c)=30:60:10の質量比で計量・混合した。得られた混合物をアルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、負極活物質を得た。得られた負極活物質は、金属(a)が、酸化物(b)中に分散し、酸化物(b)が、アモルファス構造を有していた。 This metal (a), silicon oxide having an average particle diameter of 5 μm as the oxide (b), and graphite having an average particle diameter of 6 μm as the carbon material (c) are obtained by (a) :( b) :( c ) = Weighed and mixed at a mass ratio of 30:60:10. The obtained mixture was subjected to mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere to obtain a negative electrode active material. In the obtained negative electrode active material, the metal (a) was dispersed in the oxide (b), and the oxide (b) had an amorphous structure.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、100℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例12)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
Example 12
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 平均粒径7μmのスズと平均粒径7μmのシリコンを、重量比80:20で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、金属(a)を得た。この金属材料を日機装株式会社製粒度分布測定装置で測定したところ、平均粒径はおよそ5~6μmであった。この金属(a)に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
A metal (a) was obtained by mixing tin having an average particle diameter of 7 μm and silicon having an average particle diameter of 7 μm at a weight ratio of 80:20 and performing mechanical milling in an argon atmosphere. When this metal material was measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., the average particle size was about 5 to 6 μm. Lithium hydride was mixed with the metal (a) at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat treatment was performed in an argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この金属(a)と、酸化物(b)としての平均粒径5μmのシリコン酸化物とを、(a):(b)=30:60の質量比で計量・混合した。得られた混合物をアルゴン雰囲気中でメカニカルミリング処理を行うことで、混合体を得た。得られた混合体は、金属(a)が、酸化物(b)中に分散し、酸化物(b)が、アモルファス構造を有していた。そして、得られた混合体に対し、メタンガスを含む雰囲気下1150℃で6時間CVD処理することで、負極活物質の表面近傍に炭素が局在化した負極活物質を得た。 The metal (a) and silicon oxide having an average particle size of 5 μm as the oxide (b) were weighed and mixed at a mass ratio of (a) :( b) = 30: 60. The obtained mixture was mechanically milled in an argon atmosphere to obtain a mixture. In the obtained mixture, the metal (a) was dispersed in the oxide (b), and the oxide (b) had an amorphous structure. Then, the obtained mixture was subjected to CVD treatment at 1150 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere containing methane gas to obtain a negative electrode active material in which carbon was localized near the surface of the negative electrode active material.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、100℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例13)
 [正極の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、正極を作製した。
(Example 13)
[Preparation of positive electrode]
A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [電解液の作製]
 実施例1と同様の手法で、電解液を作製した。
[Preparation of electrolyte]
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
 [負極の作製とリチウムプレドープ1回目および2回目]
 一般式SiOで表されるケイ素-酸化ケイ素混合粉末(酸化ケイ素とケイ素との混合物)を、メタンガスを含む雰囲気下1150℃で6時間CVD処理を行うことで、酸化ケイ素中のケイ素が酸化物マトリックス中に分散し、酸化物はアモルファスであり、炭素粒子がケイ素-酸化ケイ素混合粉末の表面付近に局在化した負極活物質を得た。ケイ素/酸化ケイ素/カーボンの質量比は、およそ32/63/5となるように調整した。
[Preparation of negative electrode and first and second lithium pre-doping]
A silicon-silicon oxide mixed powder represented by the general formula SiO (a mixture of silicon oxide and silicon) is subjected to CVD treatment at 1150 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere containing methane gas, so that silicon in the silicon oxide is converted into an oxide matrix. A negative electrode active material in which the oxide was amorphous and the carbon particles were localized near the surface of the silicon-silicon oxide mixed powder was obtained. The mass ratio of silicon / silicon oxide / carbon was adjusted to be approximately 32/63/5.
 この負極活物質に、水素化リチウムを質量比(1:10)で混合し、アルゴンガス中、600℃で1時間の熱処理を行い、リチウムプレドープを行った。 This negative electrode active material was mixed with lithium hydride at a mass ratio (1:10), and heat-treated in argon gas at 600 ° C. for 1 hour to perform lithium pre-doping.
 この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリアミドイミド(PAI,東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に2mg/cmの目付け量で塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。 This negative electrode active material and a polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) as a negative electrode binder are weighed at a mass ratio of 85:15, and they are n —Mixed with pyrrolidone to form negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm at a basis weight of 2 mg / cm 2 , dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
 この負極に対し、リチウムプレドープを行った。リチウムプレドープはリチウム貼付け法で行った。すなわち、負極電極にCu箔上に圧延したリチウム箔を対向して貼付け、アルミラミネート袋に真空封止し、真空恒温槽にて、100℃で12h加熱処理を行った。 The lithium negative electrode was subjected to lithium pre-doping. Lithium pre-doping was performed by a lithium pasting method. That is, a lithium foil rolled on a Cu foil was affixed to the negative electrode and opposed, vacuum sealed in an aluminum laminate bag, and heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum thermostat.
 [二次電池の作製]
 得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、さらにその溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
[Production of secondary battery]
The obtained positive electrode 3 layers and negative electrode 4 layers were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
 上記電極素子を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで包み、内部に電解液を注液した後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ封止することで、二次電池を作製した。 The electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, an electrolyte solution was poured into the inside, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
 作製した二次電池を実施例1と同様の手法で評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。 The fabricated secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
 (実施例14)
 負極結着材に、宇部興産製ポリイミド(U-ワニス)を用いたこと以外は、実施例13と同様に作製・評価を行った。
(Example 14)
Production and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 13 except that Ube Industries polyimide (U-varnish) was used as the negative electrode binder.
 (実施例15)
 負極結着材に、宇部興産株式会社製ポリイミド(U-ワニス)と東洋紡績株式会社製ポリアミドイミド(バイロマックス)の重量比1対1混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例13と同様に作製・評価を行った。
(Example 15)
Manufactured in the same manner as in Example 13 except that a 1: 1 weight ratio mixture of polyimide (U-varnish) manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. and polyamideimide (Vilomax) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used as the negative electrode binder.・ Evaluated.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 (ivの時期)にのみ、または(iiiの時期)にのみリチウムプレドープを行った場合、ラミネート外装体を用いた二次電池において、充放電後にシワが多量に発生した(比較例1~2)。これは、一度に急激なリチウムプレドープを行うことで、非炭素系負極活物質に対するリチウムのドープが均一にいかないことを示している。また、(iiの時期)のみ、または(iの時期)のみにリチウムプレドープを行った場合は、充放電効率も低く、サイクル維持率も低かった(比較例3、5)。これは、均一なリチウムプレドープが十分に行われていないことを示している。また、(iiの時期)にリチウム箔を貼り付けて185℃で処理をしたものは、リチウムの融点を超えた温度で処理するため、融け出したリチウムが電極における負極活物質以外の所に移動して析出していた。その結果、二次電池がショートした(比較例4)。また、(iの時期)のリチウムプレドープとして、水素化リチウムを用いた場合の処理温度が低すぎる場合は、未反応の水素化リチウムが反応し、多量のガスを発生し、電池の動作が不安定になった(比較例6)。同様に、(iの時期)のリチウムプレドープの処理温度が高すぎた場合は、リチウムスズ酸化物およびリチウムシリケートの生成が多すぎて、充放電効率が低かった(比較例7)。 When lithium pre-doping was performed only during (iv period) or only during (iii period), a large amount of wrinkles was generated after charging / discharging in the secondary battery using the laminate outer package (Comparative Examples 1-2). ). This indicates that lithium is not uniformly doped to the non-carbon negative electrode active material by performing rapid lithium pre-doping at a time. In addition, when lithium pre-doping was performed only (time ii) or only (time i), the charge / discharge efficiency was low and the cycle retention rate was low (Comparative Examples 3 and 5). This indicates that uniform lithium pre-doping is not sufficiently performed. In addition, when the lithium foil was pasted at (ii) and processed at 185 ° C., it was processed at a temperature exceeding the melting point of lithium, so the molten lithium moved to a place other than the negative electrode active material in the electrode. And precipitated. As a result, the secondary battery was short-circuited (Comparative Example 4). If the treatment temperature when lithium hydride is used is too low as the lithium pre-doping (time i), unreacted lithium hydride reacts to generate a large amount of gas, and the battery operates. It became unstable (Comparative Example 6). Similarly, when the treatment temperature of the lithium pre-doping at (i) was too high, the production of lithium tin oxide and lithium silicate was too much, and the charge / discharge efficiency was low (Comparative Example 7).
 リチウムプレドープを2回行うことで、良好な電池特性とシワの少ない二次電池を作製することができた(実施例1~15)。特に、(i)の時期と(ii)の時期に行うことが有効であった(実施例5等)。その際、(i)の時期のリチウムプレドープの温度は、70℃や170℃で行うより、100~130℃で行うことが効果が高かった(実施例5~7)。また、(i)の時期のリチウムプレドープのリチウム源に水素化アルミニウムリチウムを用いるとより顕著な効果が見られた(実施例9)。さらには、負極に金属(a)、酸化物(b)、炭素(c)を用いるとより顕著な効果が見られた(実施例11)。さらには、負極の金属(a)をアモルファス酸化物(b)中に分散させるとより顕著な効果が見られた(実施例11)。更には、炭素(c)を負極活物質の表面近傍に局在化させるとより顕著な効果が見られた(実施例12)。更には、金属をシリコン、酸化物をシリコン酸化物とするとより顕著な効果が見られた(実施例13)。また、負極結着材の種類を変えても、同様の効果が得られることを確認した(実施例14、15)。 By performing lithium pre-doping twice, it was possible to produce secondary batteries with good battery characteristics and less wrinkles (Examples 1 to 15). In particular, it was effective to perform the steps (i) and (ii) (Example 5). At that time, the lithium pre-doping temperature in the period (i) was more effective at 100 to 130 ° C. than at 70 ° C. or 170 ° C. (Examples 5 to 7). Further, when lithium aluminum hydride was used as the lithium pre-doped lithium source at the time of (i), a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 9). Furthermore, when a metal (a), an oxide (b), and carbon (c) were used for the negative electrode, a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 11). Furthermore, when the metal (a) of the negative electrode was dispersed in the amorphous oxide (b), a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 11). Furthermore, when carbon (c) was localized near the surface of the negative electrode active material, a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 12). Furthermore, when the metal was silicon and the oxide was silicon oxide, a more remarkable effect was observed (Example 13). Further, it was confirmed that the same effect was obtained even if the type of the negative electrode binder was changed (Examples 14 and 15).
 本実施形態は、電源を必要とするあらゆる産業分野、ならびに電気的エネルギーの輸送、貯蔵および供給に関する産業分野にて利用することができる。具体的には、携帯電話、ノートパソコンなどのモバイル機器の電源;電気自動車、ハイブリッドカー、電動バイク、電動アシスト自転車などの電動車両を含む、電車や衛星や潜水艦などの移動・輸送用媒体の電源;UPSなどのバックアップ電源;太陽光発電、風力発電などで発電した電力を貯める蓄電設備;などに、利用することができる。 This embodiment can be used in all industrial fields that require a power source and in industrial fields related to the transport, storage, and supply of electrical energy. Specifically, power supplies for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers; power supplies for transportation and transportation media such as trains, satellites, and submarines, including electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles A backup power source such as a UPS; a power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .;
a  負極
b  セパレータ
c  正極
d  負極集電体
e  正極集電体
f  正極端子
g  負極端子
a negative electrode b separator c positive electrode d negative electrode current collector e positive electrode current collector f positive electrode terminal g negative electrode terminal

Claims (16)

  1.  リチウムプレドープ処理が行われた負極を有する二次電池であって、
     少なくともリチウムと合金可能な金属(a)を含む負極活物質と、負極用結着剤と、負極集電体とを含む負極を作製する工程(負極作製工程)と、
     前記負極作製工程により作製された負極と、正極と、セパレータとを含み、正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子を作製する工程(電極素子作製工程)と、
     を経て製造され、
      (iの時期)負極作製工程以前、
      (iiの時期)負極作製工程より後で電極素子作製工程より前、
      (iiiの時期)電極素子作製工程の間、および
      (ivの時期)電極素子作製工程より後、
    から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも2つの時期にリチウム源と接触することによりリチウムプレドープ処理が行われることを特徴とする、二次電池。
    A secondary battery having a negative electrode subjected to lithium pre-doping,
    Producing a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material containing at least a metal capable of alloying with lithium (a), a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector (negative electrode production step);
    A step of producing an electrode element including the negative electrode produced by the negative electrode production step, a positive electrode, and a separator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other (electrode element production step);
    Manufactured through
    (Time of i) Before the negative electrode manufacturing process,
    (Time of ii) After the negative electrode manufacturing step and before the electrode element manufacturing step,
    (Time of iii) during the electrode element manufacturing process, and (time of iv) after the electrode element manufacturing process,
    A secondary battery, wherein a lithium pre-doping treatment is performed by contacting with a lithium source at least at two times selected from the group consisting of:
  2.  前記(iの時期)に行われるリチウムプレドープ処理が、前記負極活物質と、リチウム源となる粉末とを混合した後、加熱することにより行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池。 2. The lithium pre-doping treatment performed at (time i) is performed by mixing the negative electrode active material and a powder serving as a lithium source and then heating the mixture. Next battery.
  3.  前記(iの時期)に行われるリチウムプレドープ処理が、前記負極活物質と、リチウム源となる粉末とを混合した後、温度200℃以上800℃以下で加熱することにより行われることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の二次電池。 The lithium pre-doping process performed at (time i) is performed by mixing the negative electrode active material and a powder serving as a lithium source and then heating at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower. The secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2.
  4.  前記(iiの時期)に行われるリチウムプレドープ処理が、前記負極に対し、リチウム源となる箔を対向して接触配置し、70℃以上、180.5℃以下の温度で加熱することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The lithium pre-doping performed in (ii) is performed by placing a foil as a lithium source in contact with and facing the negative electrode, and heating at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher and 180.5 ° C. or lower. The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5.  前記リチウム源となる粉末が、金属リチウム、有機リチウム化合物、水素化リチウム、および水素化リチウムアルミニウムから選ばれる一種以上の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The powder according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the lithium source powder is one or more compounds selected from metallic lithium, an organic lithium compound, lithium hydride, and lithium aluminum hydride. Secondary battery.
  6.  前記リチウムプレドープ処理が、前記負極活物質に対し、水素化リチウムおよび/又は水素化リチウムアルミニウムを混合し、温度200℃以上800℃以下での加熱処理を施すことによりリチウムがプレドープされた負極活物質を作成した後、前記リチウムがプレドープされた負極活物質を用いた電極を作製し、その電極に対し、リチウム箔を対向配置し、70℃以上180.5℃以下の温度で加熱することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 In the lithium pre-doping treatment, lithium negative hydride and / or lithium aluminum hydride is mixed with the negative electrode active material, and heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower, whereby lithium is pre-doped. After preparing the material, an electrode using the negative electrode active material pre-doped with lithium is prepared, and a lithium foil is disposed opposite to the electrode and heated at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher and 180.5 ° C. or lower. The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
  7.  前記リチウム源となる箔が、金属リチウムを基材上に配置した箔であることを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The secondary battery according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the foil serving as the lithium source is a foil in which metallic lithium is disposed on a base material.
  8.  リチウムプレドープ処理が、(iの時期)および(iiの時期)に行われることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lithium pre-doping treatment is performed at (time i) and (time ii).
  9.  前記負極活物質は、リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、およびリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出しうる炭素材料(c)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The negative electrode active material includes a metal (a) that can be alloyed with lithium, a metal oxide (b) that can occlude and release lithium ions, and a carbon material (c) that can occlude and release lithium ions. The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10.  前記金属(a)の全部または一部が、前記金属酸化物(b)中に分散し、金属酸化物(b)の全部または一部が、アモルファス構造を有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の二次電池。 The whole or part of the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b), and the whole or part of the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure. The secondary battery as described.
  11.  前記炭素材料(c)の全部または一部が、前記アモルファス構造を有する前記金属酸化物(b)中に前記金属(a)が分散している粒子の表面付近に局在化していることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の二次電池。 All or part of the carbon material (c) is localized near the surface of particles in which the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) having the amorphous structure. The secondary battery according to claim 9 or 10.
  12.  前記金属(a)が、シリコンであり、前記金属酸化物(b)がシリコン酸化物、および/または、シリケート化合物であることを特徴とする請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The metal (a) is silicon, and the metal oxide (b) is silicon oxide and / or a silicate compound. Next battery.
  13.  前記負極用結着剤が、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、またはポリイミドとポリアミドイミドとの混合物からなることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the negative electrode binder is made of polyimide, polyamideimide, or a mixture of polyimide and polyamideimide.
  14.  前記電極素子が、平面的な積層構造を有していることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the electrode element has a planar laminated structure.
  15.  さらに、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムである外装体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。 The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising an outer package that is an aluminum laminate film.
  16.  少なくともリチウムと合金可能な金属を含む負極活物質と、負極用結着剤と、負極集電体とを含む負極を作製する工程(負極作製工程)と、
     前記負極作製工程により作製された負極と、正極と、セパレータとを含み、正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子を作製する工程(電極素子作製工程)と、
     を有する二次電池の製造方法であって、
      (i)負極作製工程以前、
      (ii)負極作製工程より後で電極素子作製工程より前、
      (iii)電極素子作製工程の間、および、
      (iv)電極素子作製工程より後、
    から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも2つの時期にリチウム源と接触することによりリチウムプレドープ処理が行われることを特徴とする二次電池の製造方法。
    A step of producing a negative electrode including at least a negative electrode active material containing a metal that can be alloyed with lithium, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode current collector (negative electrode preparation step);
    A step of producing an electrode element including the negative electrode produced by the negative electrode production step, a positive electrode, and a separator, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other (electrode element production step);
    A method for producing a secondary battery having
    (I) Before the negative electrode manufacturing process,
    (Ii) After the negative electrode preparation step and before the electrode element preparation step,
    (Iii) during the electrode element fabrication process, and
    (Iv) After the electrode element manufacturing step,
    A method for producing a secondary battery, wherein a lithium pre-doping treatment is performed by contacting a lithium source at least at two times selected from the group consisting of:
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JP2017174803A (en) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-28 信越化学工業株式会社 Production method of negative electrode active material for nonaqueous secondary battery and manufacturing method of negative electrode for nonaqueous secondary battery
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US20200220178A1 (en) * 2019-01-08 2020-07-09 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Negative electrodes for use in accumulators operating according to the ion insertion and deinsertion or alloy formation principle and accumulator comprising such an electrode

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