WO2013179661A1 - 燃料電池システム、その制御方法および蓄電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム、その制御方法および蓄電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179661A1 WO2013179661A1 PCT/JP2013/003387 JP2013003387W WO2013179661A1 WO 2013179661 A1 WO2013179661 A1 WO 2013179661A1 JP 2013003387 W JP2013003387 W JP 2013003387W WO 2013179661 A1 WO2013179661 A1 WO 2013179661A1
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- power
- storage battery
- load
- cell system
- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/003—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of hydraulic energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, a control method thereof, and a storage battery system, and more particularly to a fuel cell system connected to the storage battery.
- the fuel cell system generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a power generation unit called a cell stack.
- the power generation unit of the fuel cell system has a characteristic that the generated power cannot be changed rapidly. Therefore, in the fuel cell system, the surplus power is supplied to an electric heater that heats the water in the hot water storage tank, so that the power supply that follows the fluctuation of the abrupt load power (hereinafter also simply referred to as “load”). (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- the time change of the power (generated power) generated by the power generation unit (that is, the rate of change in generated power) Can be set as large as possible.
- the rate of change in generated power is set to be large, there is a problem that the life of the fuel cell system is shortened due to the problem of the supply rate of hydrogen gas in the fuel cell system.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems and demands, and provides a fuel cell system, a control method thereof, and a storage battery system that can cope with a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system.
- the purpose is to provide.
- one form of a fuel cell system is a fuel cell system that is connected to a storage battery and supplies power to a load, and includes a power generation unit that generates power, and the storage of the storage battery.
- An acquisition unit that acquires battery information indicating a state, and when load power that is demand power of the load changes from first load power to second load power, charging and discharging the storage battery based on the battery information
- a first control mode in which the power generation unit is caused to generate power without supplying the power to the load from the power generation unit, power is supplied from the storage battery to the load, or at least one of the power from the power generation unit
- the rate of change in generated power which is the time change of the generated power of the power generation unit, is smaller than the value in the first control mode.
- Comb and a control unit for selecting either the second control mode for generating the power generation unit.
- a fuel cell system that can follow a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system, a control method thereof, and a storage battery system.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the FC power adjustment unit and the SB power adjustment unit in FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing the flow of power supply to the load when the demand power of the load suddenly increases
- FIG. 3B is the power generation when the demand power of the load sharply decreases. It is a figure which shows the flow of the electric power supply from a part.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of power supply as a result of the control shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the remaining capacity of the storage battery and the rate of change in generated power of the power generation unit.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the FC power adjustment unit and the SB power adjustment
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the basic operation of the fuel cell system in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system regarding the use of the power system in the second control mode.
- FIG. 7B is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system regarding the use of the dummy load in the second control mode.
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system when the demand power of the load increases.
- FIG. 8B is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of step S13 in FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage battery system when the demand power of the load increases.
- FIG. 10A is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system when the demand power of the load decreases.
- FIG. 10B is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of step S33 in FIG. 10A.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage battery system when the demand power of the load decreases.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system in the first modification.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system in the second modification.
- the present inventors have devised a fuel cell system that operates in conjunction with a storage battery in order to satisfy the desire to follow rapid load fluctuations without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system. That is, when the generated power from the power generation unit of the fuel cell system is not sufficient as the load status, the power from the storage battery is also supplied to the load (that is, the storage battery is discharged), while the fuel cell system When surplus power is generated in the generated power from the power generation unit, the surplus power is supplied to the storage battery (that is, the storage battery is charged). As a result, it is possible to supply power following a sudden load fluctuation without wasting surplus power.
- the remaining capacity of the storage battery is monitored, and the discharge power amount of the storage battery is controlled so that the remaining capacity does not fall below the amount of power required for starting the fuel cell system. Furthermore, in order not to shorten the life of the fuel cell system, the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit does not exceed a certain value (that is, the power generated by the power generation unit does not change abruptly). The charge / discharge of the storage battery is controlled.
- one form of the fuel cell system according to the present invention is a fuel cell system that is connected to a storage battery and supplies power to a load, and includes a power generation unit that generates power, and battery information indicating a storage state of the storage battery.
- the power generation unit When the load power that is the demand power of the load changes from the first load power to the second load power, the power generation unit without charging / discharging the storage battery based on the battery information
- the power generation change rate which is the time change of the power generated by the power generation unit, is made smaller than the value in the first control mode.
- the charge / discharge of the storage battery is used in the second control mode, so that the rate of change in the generated power can be smaller than in the first control mode. Therefore, it is possible to follow a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system.
- the battery information includes a dischargeable power amount of the storage battery, and the control unit changes the load power from the first load power to the second load power that is larger than the first load power.
- the first control mode is selected, and when the dischargeable electric energy is greater than or equal to the threshold, the storage battery You may select the said 2nd control mode which makes the said electric power change rate smaller than the value in a said 1st control mode by supplying electric power to the said load.
- the second control mode even when the load power increases rapidly, the power is supplied from the storage battery to the load. Therefore, the generated power change rate is lower than that in the first control mode. It's small. Therefore, in the second control mode, it is possible to follow a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system even when the load power increases rapidly.
- the control unit may supply electric power to the load from the storage battery and / or the electric power system when the second control mode is selected.
- the control unit refers to the dischargeable power of the storage battery acquired by the acquisition unit as the battery information, so that the insufficient power that the generated power is less than the second load power is
- the electric power is less than the dischargeable power
- the electric power is supplied from the storage battery to the load, and when the insufficient electric power is larger than the electric power that can be discharged, the electric power from the electric power system and the electric power from the storage battery are supplied to the load. Also good.
- the acquisition unit acquires the dischargeable electric energy of the storage battery at regular intervals.
- the said control part may select a said 1st control mode, if the said dischargeable electric energy acquired every fixed time becomes smaller than a predetermined threshold value.
- the dischargeable power of the storage battery is repeatedly monitored at regular intervals, and discharge corresponding to the change in the state of the storage battery is performed.
- the battery information includes a chargeable power amount of the storage battery, and the control unit reduces the load power from the first load power to a second load power that is smaller than the first load power.
- the first control mode is selected, and when the chargeable power amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the power generation unit
- the second control mode may be selected in which at least a part of the electric power is charged in the storage battery so that the rate of change in generated power is smaller than the value in the first control mode.
- the second control mode even when the load power is suddenly decreased, at least a part of the power from the power generation unit is charged in the storage battery, so that it is more than in the first control mode.
- the power generation change rate can be small. Therefore, in the second control mode, it is possible to follow a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system even when the load power is rapidly reduced.
- a dummy load that consumes power is further provided, and when the control unit selects the second control mode, the dummy power is supplied with surplus power that is generated by the generated power exceeding the second load power. And may be supplied to the storage battery.
- the control unit supplies surplus power, which is generated power exceeding the second load power, to the dummy load and then supplies the surplus power to the storage battery, and supplies the surplus power to the storage battery,
- the surplus power may be supplied to the storage battery with a power amount equal to or less than the chargeable power amount.
- the acquisition unit acquires the rechargeable power amount of the storage battery at regular intervals.
- the said control part may select a said 1st control mode, if the said chargeable electric energy acquired every fixed time becomes smaller than the predetermined threshold value.
- the electric energy below the chargeable electric energy of the storage battery and the maximum chargeable current value are repeatedly monitored at regular intervals, and charging corresponding to the change in the state of the storage battery is performed.
- the rate of change in generated power determined by charging and discharging the storage battery is the maximum that has a predetermined influence on the life of the fuel cell system. It may be smaller than the power change rate.
- the rate of change in generated power in the second control mode is set to a value that does not affect the life of the fuel cell system. Therefore, in the second control mode, it is possible to avoid shortening the life of the fuel cell system.
- the control unit determines that the remaining capacity included in the battery information is the power generation unit.
- the storage battery may be charged / discharged so that it does not become less than the amount of power required for starting.
- the charging / discharging of the storage battery is controlled so that the remaining capacity of the storage battery does not become less than the amount of power required for starting the power generation unit. Even when the power supply from the system is stopped, the fuel cell system can be activated (ie, autonomous operation).
- a connecting portion for connecting the storage battery to the fuel cell system in a removable manner may be provided.
- one form of a control method for a fuel cell system is a control method for a fuel cell system that is connected to a storage battery and supplies power to a load, and includes a power generation step for generating power, and storage of the storage battery.
- a first control mode in which the power generation unit is caused to generate power without supplying the power to the load from the power generation unit, power is supplied from the storage battery to the load, or at least one of the power from the power generation unit By charging and discharging the storage battery so as to charge the storage battery to the storage battery, the rate of change in generated power, which is the time change of the generated power of the power generation unit, is set in the first control mode. And smaller than the value and a control step of selecting either the second control mode for generating the power generation unit.
- the charge / discharge of the storage battery is used in the second control mode, so that the rate of change in the generated power can be smaller than in the first control mode. Therefore, it is possible to follow a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system.
- one form of the storage battery system according to the present invention is to discharge the storage battery under the control of a storage battery, a connection unit connected to the fuel cell system, and a control unit provided in the fuel cell system, or A power adjustment unit that performs adjustment to charge the storage battery.
- the present invention can be realized not only as a fuel cell system, a control method thereof, and a storage battery system as described above, but also as a program that causes a processor or a computer to execute the control method, or stores the program. It can also be realized as a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system 10 in the present embodiment.
- a storage battery system 20 connected to the fuel cell system 10 (that is, externally attached) is also illustrated.
- the fuel cell system 10 is a power generation device that is connected to a storage battery (here, the storage battery system 20) and supplies power to the load 32.
- the control unit 12, the acquisition unit 14, the power generation unit 16, the heater 17, and the FC ( Fuel Cell) power adjustment unit 18 is provided.
- a fuel cell system 20 is the aspect which can remove the storage battery system 20 via connection parts (not shown), such as a connector provided in the fuel cell system 10. 10 is connected. Thereby, replacement
- the power generation unit 16 is a device that generates electric power, and includes, for example, a cell stack that generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen.
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 is interposed between the storage battery system 20 and the power generation unit 16 and the load 32, and generates power from the power generation unit 16, power supplied from the power generation unit 16 to the load 32, and from the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery system 20.
- the circuit supplies power to the load 32 by adjusting the power supplied (that is, charging) and the power supplied (that is, discharged) from the storage battery system 20 to the load 32.
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 controls the power generation unit 16 and the SB power adjustment unit 28 under the control of the control unit 12 or monitors the supply power (or current) to the load 32. .
- the acquisition unit 14 is a communication interface or the like that acquires battery information indicating the storage state of the storage battery 26 included in the storage battery system 20.
- the storage state is a state relating to the storage of the storage battery 26, and for example, the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26, the amount of dischargeable electric power, the amount of chargeable electric power, the maximum chargeable current value, the electric dischargeable power, the temperature, and the lifetime.
- the battery information includes information that directly or indirectly indicates at least one of the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26, the dischargeable electric energy, the chargeable electric energy, the maximum chargeable current value, the dischargeable electric power, the temperature, and the life.
- the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 is the amount of power charged in the storage battery 26 at that time.
- the electric energy which can be discharged of the storage battery 26 is the electric energy which the storage battery 26 can discharge from the time.
- the chargeable electric energy of the storage battery 26 is the electric energy which can charge the storage battery 26 from that time.
- the maximum chargeable current value of the storage battery 26 is the maximum value of current that can flow when the storage battery 26 is charged at that time.
- the dischargeable power of the storage battery 26 is the maximum value of power that can be discharged by the storage battery 26 at that time.
- the lifetime of the storage battery 26 is the time which can use the storage battery 26 as a secondary battery from the time, or the frequency
- the information indirectly indicating the power storage state as described above is information that can be used to derive the power storage state using a predetermined relational expression. For example, the remaining capacity, the dischargeable electric energy, and the chargeable electric energy can be derived from the other two parameters from one of the parameters using a predetermined relational expression.
- the parameter is information that indirectly indicates the other two parameters.
- the heater 17 is an example of a dummy load, and is an electric heater that heats water in a hot water storage tank (not shown) in the present embodiment.
- the heater 17 has a switch for controlling whether or not the power is supplied from the FC power adjusting unit 18.
- the control unit 12 controls the FC power adjustment unit 18 based on the battery information acquired by the acquisition unit 14 (remaining capacity of the storage battery 26, etc.), whereby the generated power in the power generation unit 16 and the charge / discharge of the storage battery 26 (
- the controller includes a processor or the like that controls at least one of the discharge power (or discharge power amount) from the storage battery 26 and the charge power (or charge power amount) to the storage battery 26 (both in the present embodiment).
- the control unit 12 uses the storage battery 26 based on the battery information acquired by the acquisition unit 14.
- the first control mode in which the power generation unit 16 generates power without charging or discharging the power and supplies power from the power generation unit 16 to the load 32, and power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32, or power from the power generation unit 16
- the generated power change rate which is the time change of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is made smaller than the value in the first control mode to generate power.
- One of the second control modes in which the unit 16 generates power is selected.
- the generated power change rate determined by charging / discharging the storage battery 26 is predetermined (predetermined) for the life of the fuel cell system 10. It is smaller than the maximum power change rate that is a predetermined value as the power change rate that affects the power.
- the control unit 12 sets a threshold value at which the dischargeable power amount included in the battery information is predetermined.
- the first control mode is selected, and when the dischargeable power amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32, thereby changing the generated power change rate to the first control mode.
- the second control mode is selected to be smaller than the value at.
- the control unit 12 determines the threshold value for the amount of chargeable power included in the battery information.
- the first control mode is selected, and when the chargeable power amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value, at least a part of the power from the power generation unit 16 is charged in the storage battery 26 to thereby change the generated power rate. Is selected to be smaller than the value in the first control mode.
- control unit 12 when the control unit 12 selects the second control mode, the control unit 12 charges the storage battery 26 so that the remaining capacity included in the battery information does not become less than the amount of power required for starting the power generation unit 16. Discharge.
- the control unit 12 can also control the power generated by the power generation unit 16 by controlling the FC power adjustment unit 18 based on parameters that affect the life of the fuel cell system. Parameters affecting the life of the fuel cell system include at least one of the concentration and pressure of hydrogen gas in contact with the power generation unit 16, the temperature of the power generation unit 16, the concentration and pressure of carbon monoxide in contact with the power generation unit 16.
- the control unit 12 is configured so that the heater 17 can receive power supply from the FC power adjustment unit 18. The switch in the heater 17 is turned on, and the FC power adjusting unit 18 is controlled to supply the heater 17 with surplus power that cannot be supplied to the storage battery 26.
- the storage battery system 20 is a storage battery device that is connected to the fuel cell system 10 via a connection unit (not shown) and exchanges power with the fuel cell system 10, and includes a communication unit 22, a detection unit 24, and a storage battery. 26 and an SB (Storage Battery) power adjustment unit 28.
- the storage battery system 20 enables the fuel cell system 10 to follow the supply power from the fuel cell system 10 against sudden load fluctuations and when the power supply from the power system 30 is stopped. Used to supply power to start up.
- the storage battery 26 is a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged.
- the detection unit 24 is a sensor or the like that detects a storage state such as the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 described above.
- the communication unit 22 is a communication interface or the like that generates battery information indicating the storage state of the storage battery 26 detected by the detection unit 24 and notifies the acquisition unit 14 of the fuel cell system 10 of the generated battery information.
- the SB power adjustment unit 28 is connected to the FC power adjustment unit 18 of the fuel cell system 10, and supplies power from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 (that is, power discharged from the storage battery 26), and from the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26.
- the charging / discharging of the storage battery 26 is controlled by adjusting the power supplied to the battery (that is, the power charged in the storage battery 26). That is, the SB power adjustment unit 28 is an example of a power adjustment unit that performs adjustment to discharge the storage battery 26 or charge the storage battery 26 under the control of the control unit 12 included in the fuel cell system 10.
- the storage battery system 20 should just be provided with the connection part (not shown) connected with the storage battery 26, the fuel cell system 10, and the SB electric power adjustment part 28 as a minimum structure. With this configuration, it is possible to perform adjustment to discharge the storage battery 26 or charge the storage battery 26 under the control of the control unit 12 included in the fuel cell system 10, and operate in cooperation with the fuel cell system 10. A possible storage battery system is realized.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the FC power adjustment unit 18 and the SB power adjustment unit 28 in FIG.
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 includes a DC / DC converter 18a that boosts the DC voltage generated by the power generation unit 16, and a DC that converts the DC voltage from the DC / DC converter 18a into an AC voltage. / AC inverter 18b.
- the AC power output from the DC / AC inverter 18 b is supplied to the load 32 and the SB power adjustment unit 28.
- the SB power adjustment unit 28 includes a DC / AC inverter 28a and a DC / DC converter 28b.
- the DC / AC inverter 28a converts the AC voltage from the FC power adjustment unit 18 (strictly speaking, the DC / AC inverter 18b) into a DC voltage and outputs it to the DC / DC converter 28b, and vice versa.
- the DC voltage from the DC / DC converter 28 b is converted into an AC voltage and output to the FC power adjusting unit 18.
- the DC / DC converter 28b steps down the DC voltage from the DC / AC inverter 28a and outputs it to the storage battery 26, and conversely boosts the DC voltage from the storage battery 26 and outputs it to the DC / AC inverter 28a. To do.
- the control unit 12 charges and discharges the storage battery 26 based on the battery information acquired by the acquisition unit 14.
- the first control mode in which the power generation unit 16 is caused to generate power and supply power from the power generation unit 16 to the load 32, and power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32, or at least part of the power from the power generation unit 16
- the power generation unit 16 By charging / discharging the storage battery 26 so as to charge the storage battery 26, the power generation unit 16 generates power by changing the generated power change rate, which is the time change of the generated power of the power generation unit 16, to be smaller than the value in the first control mode.
- One of the second control modes is selected.
- the control unit 12 of the fuel cell system 10 uses the battery information indicating the storage state such as the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 when the generated power of the power generation unit 16 changes from the first power to the second power. Based on charging or discharging of the storage battery system 20 based on this, the generated power change rate, which is the time change of the generated power until the generated power of the power generation unit 16 changes from the first power to the second power, is controlled. . That is, for sudden load fluctuations, the output power from the fuel cell system 10 is made to follow the load 32 by using charging or discharging of the storage battery 26.
- the control unit 12 charges the storage battery 26 so that the remaining capacity included in the battery information does not become less than the amount of power required for starting the power generation unit 16. Discharge. That is, the control unit 12 determines that the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 is lower than the amount of power required for starting the fuel cell system 10 until the power generated by the power generation unit 16 changes from the first power to the second power. The generated power change rate in the power generation unit 16 is determined so as not to occur, and the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is changed from the first power to the second power at the determined generated power change rate.
- the storage battery 26 always has the amount of power necessary for starting the fuel cell system 10, so even if the power supply from the power system 30 is stopped due to a power failure or the like, the storage battery system
- the fuel cell system 10 can be started by receiving power supply from the power supply 20 and can be operated independently.
- the control unit 12 charges or charges the storage battery 26 based on the amount of change in power supplied from the FC power adjustment unit 18 to the load 32 and battery information such as the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26.
- the power to be discharged is determined, and the storage battery 26 is charged or discharged with the determined power.
- FIG. 3A illustrates the load 32 when the power required for the load 32 is insufficient with only the power generated by the power generation unit 16, for example, when the demand power of the load 32 increases rapidly. It is a figure which shows the flow of electric power supply. Here, a case where there is no power supply from the power system 30 is illustrated.
- the control unit 12 determines that the dischargeable power amount included in the battery information is
- the first control mode is selected when the threshold value is smaller than the predetermined threshold value, and when the dischargeable power amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 to thereby change the generated power. Is selected to be smaller than the value in the first control mode. That is, when the demand power of the load 32 has increased rapidly and cannot be followed only by the power generated by the power generation unit 16, power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 via the SB power adjustment unit 28 and the FC power adjustment unit 18. Is done.
- the control unit 12 determines that the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is By changing the power supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 in the FC power adjusting unit 18 until the power is changed from the first power to the second power, the power generation rate change rate of the power generation unit 16 is constant. Control so as not to exceed the value. Thereby, deterioration of the lifetime of the fuel cell system 10 due to a sudden increase in the power generated by the power generation unit 16 is avoided.
- the power supply from the storage battery 26 must be stopped, or the demand power of the load 32 has increased significantly.
- the demand power of the load 32 exceeds the sum of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the possible supply power from the storage battery 26
- the shortage of power is transferred from the power system 30 to the load 32. May be supplied.
- the control unit 12 refers to the dischargeable power of the storage battery 26 acquired as the battery information by the acquisition unit 14, thereby generating power generated by the power generation unit 16. Power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 when the shortage power that is less than the second load power is less than the dischargeable power, and when the shortage power is greater than the dischargeable power, The power from the storage battery 26 may be supplied to the load 32. At that time, the acquisition unit 14 acquires the dischargeable power of the storage battery 26 at regular intervals for reference by the control unit 12.
- the control unit 12 generates power so that the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 does not fall below the amount of power required to start the fuel cell system 10 while power is being supplied from the power system 30 to the load 32.
- the generated power change rate of the unit 16 may be determined, and the generated power of the power generating unit 16 may be changed from the first power to the second power at the determined generated power change rate of the generated power by the power generating unit 16.
- the acquisition unit 14 acquires the dischargeable electric energy of the storage battery 26 every predetermined time
- the control unit 12 may select the first control mode when the dischargeable electric energy acquired at regular time intervals becomes smaller than a predetermined threshold value.
- FIG. 3 shows the flow of power supply from the power generation unit 16 when surplus power is generated in the power generated by the power generation unit 16, for example, when the demand power of the load 32 rapidly decreases.
- FIG. Also in this figure, a case where there is no power supply from the power system 30 is shown.
- the control unit 12 determines that the chargeable power amount included in the battery information is When the threshold value is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the first control mode is selected, and when the chargeable power amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value, at least a part of the power from the power generation unit 16 is charged in the storage battery 26.
- the second control mode in which the generated power change rate is made smaller than the value in the first control mode is selected. That is, when the power demand of the load 32 has suddenly decreased and the power generated by the power generation unit 16 exceeds the power demand of the load 32 (that is, surplus power is generated), the power generation unit 16 generates power.
- surplus power excluding the power supplied to the load 32 is supplied to the storage battery 26 via the FC power adjustment unit 18 and the SB power adjustment unit 28.
- the control unit 12 determines that the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is By changing the power generated by the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26 from the first power to the second power, the power generation rate of the power generation unit 16 is constant. Control so as not to exceed the value. As a result, it is possible to avoid wasting surplus power and to avoid deterioration of the life of the fuel cell system 10 due to a rapid decrease in the power generated by the power generation unit 16.
- the control unit 12 When the control unit 12 selects the second control mode, the control unit 12 generates power when the load power decreases from the first load power to a second load power that is smaller than the first load power.
- the surplus power that is the power generated by the unit 16 exceeding the second load power may be supplied to the storage battery 26 after being supplied to the dummy load (here, the heater 17).
- the control unit 12 refers to the chargeable power amount and the maximum chargeable current value of the storage battery 26 acquired by the acquisition unit 14 as the battery information, so that the power is equal to or less than the chargeable power amount.
- the surplus power is supplied to the storage battery 26 with the amount and the current value equal to or less than the maximum chargeable current value.
- the acquisition unit 14 acquires the chargeable electric energy and the maximum chargeable current value of the storage battery 26 at regular intervals for reference by the control unit 12. That is, after selecting the second control mode, when the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is less than the second load power, the acquisition unit 14 acquires the rechargeable power amount of the storage battery 26 at regular intervals,
- the control unit 12 may select the first control mode when the chargeable power amount acquired at regular time intervals becomes smaller than a predetermined threshold value.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of power supply as a result of the control shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents power.
- the solid line indicates the time change of the generated power by the power generation unit 16
- the broken line indicates the time change of the demand power of the load 32 (that is, the power supplied from the fuel cell system 10 to the load 32).
- a hatched portion indicated by a slanting line rising to the right indicates a time change (that is, a charging power amount) of power supplied to the storage battery 26 from the power generation unit 16 (that is, charging power to the storage battery 26).
- a hatched portion indicated by hatching indicates a temporal change (that is, discharge power amount) of power supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 (that is, discharge power from the storage battery 26).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 and the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16. That is, here, an example of how the control unit 12 controls the rate of change in generated power according to the remaining capacity is illustrated.
- Cases (1) to (3) are cases where the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 is greater than 3/4 of the electric energy when the storage battery 26 is fully charged, greater than 1/2, and less than 3/4, respectively. , 1/2 or less.
- FIG. 5B shows an example (in this case, a magnitude relationship) of the generated power change rate of the power generation unit 16 in the three cases (1) to (3) of the remaining capacity shown in FIG. Show.
- the control unit 12 has the power generation change rate of the power generation unit 16 that is the smallest value among the three cases.
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 is controlled so that the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 becomes the middle value among the three cases.
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 is controlled so that the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 becomes the largest value among the three cases.
- the control unit 12 makes the supply power (discharge power) from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 be the largest value among the three cases.
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 is controlled, and in the case (2), the FC power adjustment unit 18 is controlled so that the supply power (discharge power) from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 becomes the middle value among the three cases. In case (3), the FC power adjusting unit 18 is controlled so that the power (discharge power) supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 becomes zero.
- the control unit 12 is about 1 ⁇ 2 of the amount of power when the storage battery 26 is fully charged as the amount of power necessary for starting the fuel cell system 10. Therefore, the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 does not fall below 1/2, and the total of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the dischargeable power of the storage battery 26 becomes the demand power (load power) of the load 32.
- the generated power change rate of the power generation unit 16 and the discharged power from the storage battery 26 are controlled.
- the control unit 12 determines that the generated power change rate (the power change rate as an absolute value) of the power generation unit 16 is three cases.
- the FC power adjusting unit 18 is controlled so as to be the largest value in the case, and in the case (2), the FC power adjusting unit is set so that the rate of change in the generated power of the power generating unit 16 becomes the middle value among the three cases. 18, and in the case (3), the FC power adjusting unit 18 is controlled so that the generated power change rate of the power generating unit 16 becomes the smallest value among the three cases.
- the control unit 12 has the smallest power (charged power) supplied from the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26 in the three cases (or FC power adjustment unit 18 is controlled so that it becomes zero), and in case (2), the FC power is adjusted so that the supply power (discharge power) from storage battery 26 to load 32 becomes the middle value among the three cases.
- the adjustment unit 18 is controlled, and in the case (3), the FC power adjustment unit 18 is controlled so that the supply power (charging power) from the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26 becomes the largest value among the three cases.
- the control unit 12 is about 1 ⁇ 2 of the amount of power when the storage battery 26 is fully charged as the amount of power necessary for starting the fuel cell system 10.
- the power generation unit 16 is charged so that the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 does not fall below 1/2 and surplus power obtained by subtracting the demand power of the load 32 from the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is charged.
- the generated power change rate and the charging power to the storage battery 26 are controlled.
- the control unit 12 determines a predetermined reference increase rate when the load 32 is not supplied with power from the storage battery 26 (in the first control mode).
- the load 32 receives supply of power from the storage battery 26 (in the second control mode)
- the storage battery 26 is discharged so that the generated power of the power generation section 16 is used as a reference.
- Increase at a rate of change in generated power smaller than the rate of increase.
- the control unit 12 has a longer arrival time than when the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is changed at the reference increase rate.
- the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is changed from the first power to the second power.
- the control unit 12 does not supply the power generated by the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26 (in the first control mode) at a predetermined reference decrease rate.
- the surplus power generated by the power generation unit 16 is supplied to the storage battery 26.
- the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is decreased at a generated power change rate smaller than the reference decrease rate.
- control unit 12 when the control unit 12 supplies the power generated by the power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26 (in the second control mode), the control unit 12 reaches longer than when the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is changed at the reference reduction rate. The generated power of the power generation unit 16 is changed from the first power to the second power over time.
- the storage battery 26 can be charged / discharged (in the second control mode), by using the discharge and charging from the storage battery 26, the power supply following the sudden load fluctuation is realized.
- the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is maintained at a constant value (power change at a gentle constant slope), so that the life of the fuel cell system 10 is prevented from deteriorating.
- the fuel cell system 10 can be activated by the electric power from the storage battery 26 to be operated independently. Further, by charging the storage battery 26 with surplus power, it is possible to avoid wasting surplus power.
- the amount of power required to start the fuel cell system 10 is controlled as 1 ⁇ 2 of the amount of power when the storage battery 26 is fully charged. What is necessary is just the electric energy which belongs to the range from 1/3 to 2/3 of the electric energy which can be discharged when the storage battery 26 is fully charged. That is, the relationship between the amount of power required for starting up the fuel cell system 10 and the amount of power that can be discharged when the storage battery 26 is fully charged is appropriately determined in consideration of the scale of the fuel cell system 10, the capacity of the storage battery 26, and the like. Just decide.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the basic operation of the fuel cell system 10 in the present embodiment. Here, an operation procedure in the control unit 12 of the fuel cell system 10 when the load power changes from the first load power to the second load power is shown.
- the acquisition unit 14 acquires battery information of the storage battery 26 from the storage battery system 20 (S50).
- the control unit 12 Based on the storage state of the storage battery 26 indicated by the battery information acquired by the acquisition unit 14 (S51), the control unit 12 generates power from the power generation unit 16 without charging or discharging the storage battery 26, and the load from the power generation unit 16 to the load 32.
- the first control mode for supplying power is selected (S52), or power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32, or at least part of the power from the power generation unit 16 is charged in the storage battery 26.
- the generated power change rate R ⁇ b> 2 which is the time change of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is made smaller than the generated power change rate R ⁇ b> 1 in the first control mode, and the second power generation unit 16 generates power
- the control mode is selected (S53). And the control part 12 performs control by the selected control mode.
- the control unit 12 determines a dischargeable power amount included in the battery information in advance.
- the threshold value Th1 is smaller, the first control mode is selected.
- the power generation rate of change is determined by supplying power from the storage battery 26 to the load 32. Is selected to be smaller than the value in the first control mode.
- the control unit 12 determines the chargeable power amount included in the battery information in advance. When the threshold value Th2 is smaller, the first control mode is selected. On the other hand, when the chargeable power amount is equal to or greater than the threshold value Th2, the storage battery 26 is charged with at least part of the power from the power generation unit 16. Thus, the second control mode in which the generated power change rate is made smaller than the value in the first control mode is selected.
- FIG. 7A is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system 10 regarding use of the power system 30 in the second control mode.
- an operation procedure in the control unit 12 of the fuel cell system 10 when the load power changes from the first load power to the second load power larger than the first load power is shown.
- control unit 12 determines whether or not electric power is supplied to the dummy load (here, the heater 17) (S60). If the electric power is supplied, the control unit 12 controls the FC power adjustment unit 18. The power supply to the dummy load (here, the heater 17) is stopped (S61).
- the acquisition unit 14 acquires battery information including the dischargeable power of the storage battery 26 from the storage battery system 20 (S62).
- control unit 12 refers to the dischargeable power of the storage battery 26 acquired by the acquisition unit 14 so that the insufficient power that is the power generated by the power generation unit 16 that is less than the second load power is less than the dischargeable power. It is determined whether it is larger (S63).
- the control unit 12 supplies the load 32 with the power from the storage battery 26 and the power from the power system 30 (S64, S65), On the other hand, when the insufficient power is equal to or less than the dischargeable power (No in S63), power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32 (S66).
- the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is a constant value (with a gentle constant slope). The power change of the fuel cell system 10 is maintained, and deterioration of the life of the fuel cell system 10 is avoided.
- FIG. 7B is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system 10 regarding the use of the dummy load in the second control mode.
- an operation procedure in the control unit 12 of the fuel cell system 10 when the load power changes from the first load power to the second load power smaller than the first load power is shown.
- control unit 12 supplies surplus power, which is the power generated by the power generation unit 16 exceeding the second load power, to the dummy load (here, the heater 17) (S70).
- the acquisition unit 14 acquires battery information including the chargeable electric energy and the maximum chargeable current value of the storage battery 26 from the storage battery system 20 (S71).
- control part 12 judges whether surplus electric power can be supplied to the storage battery 26 with reference to the chargeable electric energy and chargeable maximum electric current value of the storage battery 26 which the acquisition part 14 acquired as battery information ( S72). For example, the control unit 12 determines whether or not the chargeable electric energy of the storage battery 26 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and the maximum chargeable current value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (that is, the storage battery 26 can be charged).
- the control unit 12 supplies the surplus power to the dummy load (here, the heater 17) (or such).
- the surplus power is supplied to the storage battery 26 (without the supply) (S73), and the surplus power cannot be supplied to the storage battery 26 (No in S71)
- the first control mode is set.
- surplus power is supplied only to the dummy load (here, the heater 17) (S74).
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system 10 when the demand power of the load 32 increases.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage battery system 20 in the same case.
- the acquisition unit 14 uses the communication unit 22 to obtain battery information regarding the current storage state of the storage battery 26 (in the present embodiment, the detection unit 24 Battery information indicating the detected remaining capacity is acquired (S10).
- control unit 12 collects the power supplied to the load 32 (“load fluctuation” in FIG. 1) from the FC power adjustment unit 18 (S11), so that the power supplied to the load is immediately before. It is determined whether or not the supplied power has increased by a certain value or more (S12). That is, it is determined whether or not the demand power of the load is increasing. This determination is repeated until the power supplied to the load 32 increases (No in S12).
- the control unit 12 refers to the table shown in FIG. 5B based on the battery information acquired by the acquisition unit 14. Thus, the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is determined, and the insufficient power obtained by subtracting the generated power of the power generation unit 16 from the demand power (load power) of the load 32 is determined as the discharge power of the storage battery 26 (S13). . Details of step S13 will be described later with reference to FIG. 8B.
- the control unit 12 controls the SB power adjustment unit 28 and the power generation unit 16 via the FC power adjustment unit 18 so that the determined discharge power of the storage battery 26 and the generated power change rate of the power generation unit 16 are obtained (S14, S15). ).
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 supplies the load 32 with the power supplied from the storage battery 26 with the determined discharge power, and supplies the load 32 with the power from the power generation unit 16 that generates power at the determined rate of change in generated power. To do.
- the control unit 12 determines whether or not the sum of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the dischargeable power of the storage battery system 20 can satisfy the demand power (load power) of the load 32 (S16).
- the power system 30 automatically supplies the insufficient power to the load 32 (that is, the load 32 is automatically supplied with the insufficient power from the power system 30). (S17).
- the detection unit 24 detects the storage state such as the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 (S20).
- the communication part 22 produces
- the SB power adjustment unit 28 discharges the storage battery 26 in response to a request from the FC power adjustment unit 18 (instruction of discharge power), and outputs the discharged power to the FC power adjustment unit 18 (S22).
- the discharge power of the storage battery 26 and the rate of change in generated power of the power generation unit 16 are determined based on the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26, but instead, based on the dischargeable power amount of the storage battery 26.
- the discharge power of the storage battery 26 and the generated power change rate of the power generation unit 16 may be determined. Since the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 and the dischargeable power amount are in a relationship in which one can be calculated from the other, any control may be performed.
- step S13 in FIG. 8A will be described with reference to FIG. 8B.
- control unit 12 determines the power generation increase rate of the power generation unit 16 in consideration of parameters that affect the life of the fuel cell system. Next, the control unit 12 determines the discharge power from the storage battery system 20 to the load 32 based on the remaining capacity of the storage battery system 20.
- the parameter that affects the life of the fuel cell system 10 is the concentration of hydrogen gas will be described as an example.
- FIG. 8B is a process for determining the increase rate of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 (that is, the increase rate of power generation) and the discharge power from the storage battery system 20 when the supply power from the fuel cell system 10 to the load 32 is increased. It is a flowchart which shows.
- the control unit 12 determines whether or not the power generation may be performed at the reference increase rate in consideration of a parameter (for example, the concentration of hydrogen gas) indicating the state of the hydrogen gas in contact with the power generation unit (S701).
- Parameters affecting the life of the fuel cell system 10 include parameters indicating the temperature state of the power generation unit 16, carbon monoxide concentration, or hydrogen in contact with the power generation unit 16 in addition to parameters indicating the state of hydrogen gas.
- Pressure that is, the parameters affecting the life of the fuel cell system 10 include at least one of the concentration and pressure of hydrogen gas in contact with the power generation unit 16, the temperature of the power generation unit 16, and the concentration and pressure of carbon monoxide in contact with the power generation unit 16. .
- the power generation increase rate is determined as the reference increase rate (S702).
- the reference increase rate refers to a power increase rate necessary for the fuel cell system 10 to achieve a predetermined product life as a reference increase rate. For example, 1 W / SEC is used as the reference increase rate.
- the control unit 12 does not determine that power generation may be performed at the reference increase rate (No in S701), for example, when the hydrogen concentration is not a concentration suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, It is determined that the increase rate is smaller than the reference increase rate (S703). Even when the hydrogen concentration is not a hydrogen concentration suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, if the power is generated at the reference increase rate, the life of the fuel cell system 10 may be deteriorated. In this case, it is possible to prevent the life of the fuel cell system 10 from being deteriorated by generating the power generation increase rate at a power generation increase rate smaller than the reference increase rate.
- the same control is performed for the parameter indicating the temperature state of the power generation unit 16, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the pressure of the power generation unit, and the like. That is, when the parameter is in a range suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, the power generation increase rate is determined as the reference increase rate. If the power generation unit 16 is outside the range suitable for power generation, the power generation increase rate is determined to be smaller than the reference increase rate. Thereby, it can prevent that the lifetime of the fuel cell system 10 deteriorates.
- the control unit 12 determines whether or not the remaining capacity of the storage battery system 20 is greater than or equal to the amount of power required for starting the fuel cell system 10 (S704).
- the control unit 12 determines the power generation increase rate of the power generation unit 16 as the reference increase rate, and the storage battery The discharge power from the system 20 is determined to be zero (S702).
- the storage battery system 20 can leave the electric energy required for starting of the fuel cell system 10, even when the power supply from the electric power system 30 is stopped, the storage battery system 20 The system 10 can supply the amount of power required for startup. Even when the power supply from the power system 30 is stopped, such as during a power failure, the fuel cell system 10 can be activated by receiving the supply of the amount of power necessary for activation from the storage battery system 20.
- the control unit 12 determines the power generation increase rate of the power generation unit 16 and the load from the storage battery system 20 to the load 32.
- the discharge power is determined (S705).
- the reference increase It may be determined to increase the generated power over a longer time than when increasing the generated power at a rate. Even though the parameter that affects the life of the fuel cell system 10 is outside the range suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, the same length as when the generated power is increased at the reference increase rate. Increasing power generation over time may shorten the life of the fuel cell system 10. In this case, it is possible to prevent the life of the fuel cell system 10 from being shortened by increasing the generated power over a longer time than when increasing the generated power at the reference increase rate.
- FIG. 10A is a flowchart showing the operation of the fuel cell system 10 when the demand power of the load 32 decreases.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage battery system 20 in the same case.
- the acquisition unit 14 uses the communication unit 22 to obtain battery information regarding the current storage state of the storage battery 26 (in the present embodiment, the detection unit 24 Battery information indicating the detected remaining capacity and the like) is acquired (S30).
- control unit 12 collects the power supplied to the load 32 (“load fluctuation” in FIG. 1) from the FC power adjustment unit 18 (S31), so that the power supplied to the load is immediately before. It is determined whether or not the supplied power has decreased by a certain value or more (S32). That is, it is determined whether or not the demand power of the load is decreasing. The determination is repeated until the power supplied to the load 32 decreases (No in S32).
- the control unit 12 refers to the table shown in FIG. 5B based on the battery information acquired by the acquisition unit 14. Thus, the generated power change rate of the power generation unit 16 is determined, and surplus power obtained by subtracting the demand power of the load 32 from the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is determined as charging power to the storage battery 26 (S33). Details of the control in step S33 will be described later with reference to FIG. 10B.
- the control unit 12 controls the SB power adjustment unit 28 and the power generation unit 16 via the FC power adjustment unit 18 so that the determined charging power to the storage battery 26 and the generated power change rate of the power generation unit 16 are obtained (S34, S35).
- the FC power adjustment unit 18 supplies the surplus power from the determined power generation unit 16 to the storage battery 26, and at the same time the demand power component of the power from the power generation unit 16 that generates power at the determined generated power change rate. Is supplied to the load 32.
- the control unit 12 determines whether or not all of the surplus power in the power generated by the power generation unit 16 can be charged in the storage battery system 20 (S36). When charging is not possible (No in S36), the control unit 12 turns on a switch provided in the heater 17, and surplus power from the FC power adjustment unit 18 to the heater 17, that is, power that cannot be charged to the storage battery system 20 among generated power.
- the heater 17 is controlled to supply (S37). When the heater 17 is supplied with electric power, it can convert the electric power into heat energy and store the heat energy. Electric power can be used effectively.
- the detection unit 24 detects the storage state such as the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 (S40).
- the communication part 22 produces
- the SB power adjustment unit 28 receives the power (that is, surplus power) output from the FC power adjustment unit 18 and supplies (that is, charges) the storage battery 26 (S42).
- step S33 in FIG. 10A will be described with reference to FIG. 10B.
- control unit 12 determines the power generation reduction rate of the power generation unit 16 in consideration of parameters that affect the life of the fuel cell system. Next, the control unit 12 determines charging power from the fuel cell system 10 to the storage battery system 20 based on the remaining capacity of the storage battery system 20.
- the parameter that affects the life of the fuel cell system 10 is the concentration of hydrogen gas will be described as an example.
- FIG. 10B is a flowchart showing a process of determining the reduction rate of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the charging power to the storage battery system 20 when the power supplied from the fuel cell system 10 to the load 32 is reduced.
- the control unit 12 determines whether or not power generation may be performed at the reference reduction rate in consideration of a parameter (for example, hydrogen gas concentration) indicating the state of the hydrogen gas in contact with the power generation unit 16 (S901). .
- Parameters affecting the life of the fuel cell system 10 include parameters indicating the temperature state of the power generation unit 16, carbon monoxide concentration, or hydrogen in contact with the power generation unit 16 in addition to parameters indicating the state of hydrogen gas. Pressure.
- the power generation decrease rate is determined as the reference decrease rate (S902).
- the reference reduction rate is a power reduction rate necessary for the fuel cell system 10 to achieve a predetermined product life. For example, 2W / SEC is used as the reference reduction rate.
- control unit 12 does not determine that power generation may be performed at the reference reduction rate (No in S901), for example, when the hydrogen concentration is not a concentration suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, It is determined to make the reduction rate smaller than the reference reduction rate (S903). Even if the hydrogen concentration is not a hydrogen concentration suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, if the power is generated at the reference reduction rate, the life of the fuel cell system 10 may be deteriorated. In this case, it is possible to prevent the life of the fuel cell system 10 from deteriorating by generating power at a power generation reduction rate smaller than the reference reduction rate.
- the same control is performed for the parameter indicating the temperature state of the power generation unit 16, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the pressure of the power generation unit, and the like. That is, when the parameter is in a range suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, the power generation decrease rate is determined as the reference decrease rate. If the power generation unit 16 is outside the range suitable for power generation, the power generation decrease rate is determined to be smaller than the reference decrease rate. Thereby, it can prevent that the lifetime of the fuel cell system 10 deteriorates.
- control unit 12 determines whether the remaining capacity of the storage battery system 20 is fully charged (S904).
- the power generation decrease rate of the power generation unit 16 is determined as the reference decrease rate, and the charging power to the storage battery system 20 is determined to be zero (S902). Thereby, although the storage battery system 20 is fully charged, it can prevent being charged.
- the control unit 12 determines the power generation reduction rate of the power generation unit 16 and the charging power to the storage battery system 20 (S905). Electric power can be stored by charging the storage battery system 20 with electric power generated by the fuel cell system 10.
- control unit 12 determines the power generation reduction rate and the charging power to the storage battery in consideration of both the life of the fuel cell system and the priority order of the remaining capacity of the storage battery. Therefore, the life of the fuel cell system 10 can be extended by considering the life of the fuel cell system 10 with the highest priority. Next, by considering the remaining capacity of the storage battery, the amount of charge (remaining capacity) of the storage battery can be maximized within the range where no reverse tide occurs.
- the reference decrease It may be determined to reduce the generated power over a longer time than when the generated power is reduced at a rate.
- the parameter that affects the life of the fuel cell system 10 is outside the range suitable for the power generation unit 16 to generate power, the same length as when the generated power is reduced at the reference reduction rate. If power generation is reduced over time, the life of the fuel cell system 10 may deteriorate. In this case, it is possible to prevent the life of the fuel cell system 10 from deteriorating by reducing the generated power over a longer time than when reducing the generated power at the reference reduction rate.
- the charging power to the storage battery 26 and the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 are determined based on the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26, but instead based on the chargeable power amount of the storage battery 26.
- the charging power to the storage battery 26 and the power generation change rate of the power generation unit 16 may be determined. Since the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 and the chargeable electric energy are in a relationship in which one can be calculated from the other, any control may be performed.
- control shown in FIGS. 8A and 10A is performed alternately or in parallel in the fuel cell system 10, and similarly, the control shown in FIGS. 9 and 11 is alternately performed in the storage battery system 20, or Done in parallel.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the fuel cell system 10a in the first modification of the above embodiment.
- This fuel cell system 10a is a fuel cell system that incorporates a storage battery (in this case, a storage battery unit 20a) connected via a connection section such as the connector described above, and includes a control section 12a, a power generation section 16, and an FC power adjustment section. 18 and a storage battery unit 20a.
- the storage battery unit 20 a includes a detection unit 24, an SB power adjustment unit 28, and a storage battery 26.
- the fuel cell system 10a does not include the acquisition unit 14 (that is, the function of the acquisition unit 14 is built in the control unit 12a) and the storage battery unit 20a compared to the fuel cell system 10 in the above embodiment. The only difference is the built-in. Also, the storage battery unit 20a differs from the storage battery system 20 in the above embodiment only in that it does not include the communication unit 22 (that is, the function of the communication unit 22 is built in the detection unit 24).
- the same components as those of the above-described embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof will be omitted, and different points will be described.
- the control unit 12a since the storage battery unit 20a is built in the fuel cell system 10a, the control unit 12a directly communicates (exchanges information) with the detection unit 24 and the SB power adjustment unit 28. That is, the control unit 12 a has a function as an acquisition unit that acquires battery information regarding the storage state of the storage battery 26 detected by the detection unit 24.
- control unit 12a directly gives an instruction (“power supply command”) regarding the determined discharge power amount of the storage battery 26 to the SB power adjustment unit 28 when the demand power of the load 32 increases.
- the information regarding the amount of power that can be supplied (discharged) by the storage battery 26 (dischargeable power amount) may be obtained directly from the SB power adjustment unit 28.
- the fuel cell system 10a and the storage battery unit 20a are directly connected to each other through an internal wiring or the like through a connection portion, and directly exchange information without using a communication interface or the like.
- the method for determining the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the amount of power for charging and discharging the storage battery 26 and the power generation control are the same as in the above embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system 10b in the second modification of the above embodiment.
- a power generation system including a fuel cell system 10b, a storage battery system 20, and a control device 34 is illustrated.
- the control device 34 is a centralized controller that controls the fuel cell system 10b and the storage battery system 20 by exchanging information with the fuel cell system 10b and the storage battery system 20.
- the fuel cell system 10b includes an FC control unit 12b, a power generation unit 16, an FC power adjustment unit 18, and a communication unit 19.
- the storage battery system 20 includes a detection unit 24, an SB power adjustment unit 28, and a storage battery 26.
- This fuel cell system 10b differs from the fuel cell system 10 in the above embodiment only in that a communication unit 19 is provided instead of the acquisition unit 14, and an FC control unit 12b is provided instead of the control unit 12.
- the storage battery system 20 is the same as that in the above embodiment.
- the same components as those of the above-described embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof will be omitted, and different points will be described.
- the function of the control unit 12 in the above embodiment is distributed and provided in the control device 34 and the FC control unit 12b. That is, among the functions of the control unit 12 in the above embodiment, the process of determining the rate of change in generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the discharge power or charge power of the storage battery 26 (S10 to S13 in FIG. 8A, S30 to S33 in FIG. 10A). ) Is performed by the control device 34.
- the remaining capacity of the storage battery 26 detected by the detection unit 24 is notified to the control device 34 via the communication unit 22, and the load fluctuation is controlled via the FC power adjustment unit 18, the FC control unit 12 b and the communication unit 19.
- the device 34 is notified, and the control device 34 determines increase or decrease of the load, and the rate of change in the generated power of the power generation unit 16 and the discharge power or charge power of the storage battery 26 are determined.
- the generated power change rate determined by the control device 34 is notified from the control device 34 to the FC control unit 12b via the communication unit 19, and the FC control unit 12b uses the FC to realize the generated power change rate.
- the power generated by the power generation unit 16 is controlled via the power adjustment unit 18.
- the discharge power or charge power of the storage battery 26 determined by the control device 34 is notified from the control device 34 to the SB power adjustment unit 28 via the communication unit 22, and the SB power adjustment unit 28 receives the notified discharge power.
- the power is adjusted so that the charged power supplied from the storage battery 26 or notified is supplied to the storage battery 26.
- the fuel cell system 10b and the storage battery system 20 operate under the control of the control device 34.
- the power change rate is maintained at a constant value, and power supply following a rapid load change is realized without deteriorating the life of the fuel cell system 10.
- the fuel cell system, the control method thereof, and the storage battery system according to the present invention have been described based on the embodiments and the modified examples thereof, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments and modified examples.
- the embodiments obtained by subjecting each embodiment and modification to various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art, and arbitrary combinations of the components of each embodiment and modification are obtained.
- Forms that can be used are also included in the present invention.
- the present invention can be realized not only as a fuel cell system, a storage battery system, and a power generation system as described above, but also as a control method of the fuel cell system.
- the control method is, for example, a control method of the fuel cell system 10 that is connected to the storage battery 26 and supplies power to the load 32, and obtains battery information indicating the power generation step of generating power and battery information of the storage battery 26.
- the power generation unit 16 generates power without charging / discharging the storage battery 26 based on the battery information.
- the first control mode in which power is supplied from the power generation unit 16 to the load 32, and power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the load 32, or at least a part of the power from the power generation unit 16 is charged in the storage battery 26.
- the generated power change rate which is the time change of the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is made smaller than the value in the first control mode, so that the power generation unit 16 And a control step for selecting one of the second control mode in which power generation.
- the control method is a control method of the fuel cell system 10 that is connected to the storage battery system 20 and supplies power to the load 32, and obtains battery information related to a storage state such as a remaining capacity of the storage battery 26; And a control step for controlling the generated power in the power generation unit 16 that generates power and charging / discharging of the storage battery 26 based on the acquired battery information.
- the generated power of the power generation unit 16 is the first When the electric power changes from the electric power to the second electric power, by charging or discharging the storage battery 26 based on the battery information of the electric storage battery 26, the generated electric power of the power generation unit 16 changes from the first electric power to the second electric power.
- the rate of change in generated power which is the time change of generated power during the period, is controlled.
- the present invention can be realized as a program for causing a computer to execute the steps in the above control method, as a recording medium such as a computer-readable CD-ROM in which the program is recorded, and information, data indicating the program Alternatively, it can be realized as a signal.
- programs, information, data, and signals may be distributed via a communication network such as the Internet.
- the functional blocks (control unit, FC control unit, etc.) of the processing system in the block diagrams may be realized by an LSI that is a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- the LSI may be made into one chip for each functional block, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of it.
- the present invention is a fuel cell system, in particular, as a fuel cell system that can follow a rapid load fluctuation without sacrificing the life of the fuel cell system and without wasting surplus power, for example, a storage battery It can be used as a fuel cell system operating in cooperation.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、燃料電池システムの寿命を犠牲にすることなく、急激な負荷変動に追随するという要望を満たすために、蓄電池と連携して動作する燃料電池システムを考案した。つまり、負荷の状況として、いま、燃料電池システムの発電部からの発電電力だけでは足りない場合には、蓄電池からの電力も負荷に供給し(つまり、蓄電池を放電させ)、一方、燃料電池システムの発電部からの発電電力に余剰電力が発生している場合には、その余剰電力を蓄電池に供給する(つまり、蓄電池を充電させる)。これにより、余剰電力を無駄にすることなく、急激な負荷変動に追随した電力供給が可能になる。
そこで、本発明に係る燃料電池システムの一形態は、蓄電池と接続され、負荷に電力を供給する燃料電池システムであって、電力を発電する発電部と、前記蓄電池の蓄電状態を示す電池情報を取得する取得部と、前記負荷の需要電力である負荷電力が第1の負荷電力から第2の負荷電力に変化する場合、前記電池情報に基づいて、前記蓄電池を充放電させずに前記発電部を発電させて前記発電部から前記負荷に電力を供給させる第1の制御モードと、前記蓄電池から前記負荷に電力を供給させる、または、前記発電部からの電力の少なくとも一部を前記蓄電池に充電させるように前記蓄電池を充放電させることにより、前記発電部の発電電力の時間変化である発電電力変化率を前記第1の制御モードにおける値よりも小さくして前記発電部を発電させる第2の制御モードとのいずれかを選択する制御部とを備える。
以下、本発明に係る燃料電池システム、その制御方法および蓄電池システムの実施の形態およびその変形例について、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。なお、以下で説明する実施の形態およびその変形例は、いずれも本発明の好ましい一具体例を示すものである。以下の実施の形態およびその変形例で示される数値、形状、材料、構成要素、構成要素の配置位置および接続形態、ステップ、ステップの順序などは、一例であり、本発明を限定する主旨ではない。本発明は、請求の範囲によって限定される。よって、以下の実施の形態における構成要素のうち、本発明の最上位概念を示す独立請求項に記載されていない構成要素については、本発明の課題を達成するのに必ずしも必要ではないが、より好ましい形態を構成するものとして説明される。
12、12a 制御部
12b FC制御部
14 取得部
16 発電部
17 ヒーター
18 FC電力調整部
18a DC/DCコンバータ
18b DC/ACインバータ
19 通信部
20 蓄電池システム
20a 蓄電池ユニット
22 通信部
24 検知部
26 蓄電池
28 SB電力調整部
28a DC/ACインバータ
28b DC/DCコンバータ
30 電力系統
32 負荷
34 制御装置
Claims (14)
- 蓄電池と接続され、負荷に電力を供給する燃料電池システムであって、
電力を発電する発電部と、
前記蓄電池の蓄電状態を示す電池情報を取得する取得部と、
前記負荷の需要電力である負荷電力が第1の負荷電力から第2の負荷電力に変化する場合、前記電池情報に基づいて、前記蓄電池を充放電させずに前記発電部を発電させて前記発電部から前記負荷に電力を供給させる第1の制御モードと、前記蓄電池から前記負荷に電力を供給させる、または、前記発電部からの電力の少なくとも一部を前記蓄電池に充電させるように前記蓄電池を充放電させることにより、前記発電部の発電電力の時間変化である発電電力変化率を前記第1の制御モードにおける値よりも小さくして前記発電部を発電させる第2の制御モードとのいずれかを選択する制御部と、を備える
燃料電池システム。 - 前記電池情報には、前記蓄電池の放電可能電力量が含まれ、
前記制御部は、前記負荷電力が第1の負荷電力から前記第1の負荷電力よりも大きい第2の負荷電力に増加する場合、前記放電可能電力量が予め定められたしきい値より小さいときに、前記第1の制御モードを選択し、前記放電可能電力量が前記しきい値以上のときに、前記蓄電池から前記負荷に電力を供給させることにより前記発電電力変化率を前記第1の制御モードにおける値よりも小さくする前記第2の制御モードを選択する
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 更に、
電力系統と接続され、
前記制御部は、前記第2の制御モードを選択した場合、前記蓄電池及び/または前記電力系統から前記負荷に電力を供給させる
請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記取得部が前記電池情報として取得した前記蓄電池の放電可能電力を参照することで、前記発電電力が前記第2の負荷電力に満たない電力である不足電力が前記放電可能電力以下のときには、前記蓄電池から前記負荷に電力を供給させ、前記不足電力が前記放電可能電力より大きいときには、前記電力系統からの電力と前記蓄電池からの電力とを前記負荷に供給させる
請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第2の制御モードを選択した後で、前記発電部の発電電力が前記第2の負荷電力に満たない場合、
前記取得部は、一定時間毎に前記蓄電池の放電可能電力量を取得し、
前記制御部は、一定時間毎に取得する前記放電可能電力量が予め定められたしきい値より小さくなったら、前記第1の制御モードを選択する
請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記電池情報には、前記蓄電池の充電可能電力量が含まれ、
前記制御部は、前記負荷電力が第1の負荷電力から前記第1の負荷電力よりも小さい第2の負荷電力に減少する場合、前記充電可能電力量が予め定められたしきい値より小さいときに、前記第1の制御モードを選択し、前記充電可能電力量が前記しきい値以上のときに、前記発電部からの電力の少なくとも一部を前記蓄電池に充電させることにより前記発電電力変化率を前記第1の制御モードにおける値よりも小さくする前記第2の制御モードを選択する
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 更に、
電力を消費するダミー負荷を備え、
前記制御部は、前記第2の制御モードを選択した場合、前記発電電力が前記第2の負荷電力を超える電力である余剰電力を前記ダミー負荷と前記蓄電池に供給する
請求項6に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記発電電力が前記第2の負荷電力を超える電力である余剰電力を前記ダミー負荷に供給した後に前記蓄電池に供給し、前記余剰電力を前記蓄電池に供給するときには、前記取得部が前記電池情報として取得した前記蓄電池の充電可能電力量を参照することで、前記余剰電力のうち前記充電可能電力量以下の電力量を前記蓄電池に供給する
請求項7に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第2の制御モードを選択した後で、前記発電部の発電電力が前記第2の負荷電力に満たない場合、
前記取得部は、一定時間毎に前記蓄電池の充電可能電力量を取得し、
前記制御部は、一定時間毎に取得する前記充電可能電力量が予め定められたしきい値より小さくなったら、前記第1の制御モードを選択する
請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部が前記第2の制御モードを選択した場合において、前記蓄電池を充放電させることにより決定される前記発電電力変化率は、前記燃料電池システムの寿命に所定の影響を与える最大電力変化率よりも小さい
請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記電池情報には、前記蓄電池の残存容量が含まれ、
前記制御部が前記第2の制御モードを選択した場合において、前記制御部は、前記電池情報に含まれる残存容量が前記発電部の起動に必要な電力量未満とならないように、前記蓄電池を充放電させる
請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 更に、
取り外し可能な態様で前記蓄電池を前記燃料電池システムに接続する接続部を備える
請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 蓄電池と接続され、負荷に電力を供給する燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
電力を発電する発電ステップと、
前記蓄電池の蓄電状態を示す電池情報を取得する取得ステップと、
前記負荷の需要電力である負荷電力が第1の負荷電力から第2の負荷電力に変化する場合、前記電池情報に基づいて、前記蓄電池を充放電させずに前記発電部を発電させて前記発電部から前記負荷に電力を供給させる第1の制御モードと、前記蓄電池から前記負荷に電力を供給させる、または、前記発電部からの電力の少なくとも一部を前記蓄電池に充電させるように前記蓄電池を充放電させることにより、前記発電部の発電電力の時間変化である発電電力変化率を前記第1の制御モードにおける値よりも小さくして前記発電部を発電させる第2の制御モードとのいずれかを選択する制御ステップと、を含む
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 蓄電池と、
請求項1記載の燃料電池システムと接続される接続部と、
前記燃料電池システムが備える制御部による制御の下で、前記蓄電池を放電させる、または、前記蓄電池を充電させる調整を行う電力調整部と、を備える
蓄電池システム。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2858157B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
JPWO2013179661A1 (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
US20150021992A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
JP6090600B2 (ja) | 2017-03-15 |
EP2858157A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
US9711988B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
EP2858157A4 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
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