WO2013155876A1 - 一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法和结构 - Google Patents

一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法和结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013155876A1
WO2013155876A1 PCT/CN2013/000443 CN2013000443W WO2013155876A1 WO 2013155876 A1 WO2013155876 A1 WO 2013155876A1 CN 2013000443 W CN2013000443 W CN 2013000443W WO 2013155876 A1 WO2013155876 A1 WO 2013155876A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kinetic energy
vertical
hollow weight
elastic system
disposed
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PCT/CN2013/000443
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨亦勇
Original Assignee
Yang Yiyong
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Publication date
Application filed by Yang Yiyong filed Critical Yang Yiyong
Priority to US14/395,225 priority Critical patent/US9537372B2/en
Publication of WO2013155876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013155876A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1853—Rotary generators driven by intermittent forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/14—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers accumulating utilisable energy, e.g. compressing air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/16—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dynamic absorbers as main damping means, i.e. spring-mass system vibrating out of phase
    • B60G13/18—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dynamic absorbers as main damping means, i.e. spring-mass system vibrating out of phase combined with energy-absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/60—Vehicles using regenerative power

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of kinetic energy generation for automobiles, and more particularly to a method and structure for applying frequency resonance to kinetic energy generation of a vehicle. Background technique
  • a well-known method of utilizing automobile kinetic energy to generate electricity is kinetic energy recovery during braking, and the power efficiency is low.
  • the kinetic energy of the car when driving, in the smooth or bumpy environment the kinetic energy generated by the vertical velocity of the car vibration caused by the road undulation is basically not recycled, in order to avoid the adverse effects that the vibration may have on the car.
  • the frictional heat generated by the installed automobile shock absorber or the damper leaf spring consumes only a small amount of vibration kinetic energy, and the deformation caused by the vibration damping effect of the airbag tire during the driving of the vehicle increases the friction area and frictional resistance between the tread and the road surface.
  • the cost of tire damping is not only the work done by frictional resistance, but also the large amount of vibrational kinetic energy generated when the car is running, and it is an important consumption of the driving energy of the car.
  • the existing power generating device using vertical kinetic energy during driving of the automobile is not enough to drive the mechanical transmission mechanism to continuously perform work to generate electricity for the generator. Therefore, in fact, the kinetic energy of the vibration is consumed and wasted.
  • the main direction of the current car in electric drive is to directly use the energy storage battery as the drive.
  • the inconvenience of carrying and replacing the battery has restricted the development of electric vehicles.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and structure for applying frequency resonance to kinetic energy generation of a vehicle, and to solve the defect that the kinetic energy of the vibration formed by the road undulation in the current driving of the vehicle is basically not utilized, and effectively utilizes the driving of the automobile. Vibrational kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy that can be recycled.
  • a method for applying frequency resonance to kinetic energy generation of a vehicle characterized in that: a sprung body provided with a vertical elastic system is freely vibrated by its natural frequency, and the excitation is supported by a sprung body, having the same or similar inherent
  • the frequency of the vertical elastic system is also set.
  • the hollow weight plate with the kinetic energy generating device generates frequency resonance or effective vibration.
  • the spring body transfers the vibration kinetic energy to the hollow weight plate to realize
  • the hollow weight plate that is excited and resonated uses the kinetic energy of the absorbed sprung body and the kinetic energy of the self-vibration to drive the kinetic energy generating device provided on the hollow weight plate to generate electricity.
  • the kinetic energy generating device includes a gear provided with a one-way bearing disposed on a central shaft of the generator, and a straight rack fixed vertically in the axle frame, the gear and the straight rack being one-sided Engagement contact, when the hollow weight plate provided with the kinetic energy generating device is excited by the sprung body to vibrate up and down along the vertical fixed straight rack, the force between the gear and the straight rack makes the inner sleeve have a one-way bearing
  • the gears generate a co-continuous rotational torque to the central shaft through the one-way bearing, which drives the central shaft to rotate continuously to generate electricity for the generator.
  • the bottom of the axle frame is fixedly disposed on the automobile axle and supported by the automobile axle.
  • the axle frame is provided with an optical axis for guiding perpendicular to the ground, and the hollow weight pallet passes the linear bearing.
  • the set is on the optical axis, and vibrates up and down along the vertical direction of the optical axis to absorb the kinetic energy of the vibration of the spring body.
  • the vertical direction elastic system corresponding to the natural frequency of the sprung body includes A vertical elastic system disposed between the axle frame and the sprung body, and a vertically disposed reverse biasing tension spring set respectively connecting the hollow weight pallet and the top and bottom of the axle frame.
  • the vertical directional elastic system disposed between the axle frame and the sprung body includes an air spring disposed on the axle that is stabilized by the air pressure to maintain the desired natural frequency.
  • the pulling force of the upper pull-down spring of the reverse preloading tension spring set disposed in the vertical direction is close to or equal to the pulling force at which the starting torque of the kinetic energy generating device can be activated at the meshing position of the gear and the straight rack.
  • the vertical elastic system of the hollow weight pallet comprises a vertical direction elastic system disposed on the sprung body for individually supporting the gravity of the hollow weight pallet, and a vertical connection of the hollow weight pallets and the vertically arranged Up and down reverse preload tension spring sets at the top and bottom of the axle frame.
  • the upper and lower preload tension springs are coupled to the hollow weight pallet at a position where the hollow weight pallet is individually supported by the vertical elastic system disposed on the sprung body to a stationary state.
  • the gears are provided with a plurality of gears, which are all mounted on the central shaft of the generator, and the inner sleeve has a one-way bearing with the same torsion force, the straight racks and the gears are equal in number, and the setting manner is interval and opposite setting, respectively Engages with the corresponding gear on one side.
  • a speed increaser is further disposed on the central axis of the generator.
  • a structure for applying kinetic energy of a vehicle by applying the above method characterized in that:
  • a vertical elastic system is arranged on the sprung body of the automobile, and a hollow weight plate supported by the sprung body is also provided with a vertical elastic system, and the vertical elastic system of the hollow weight plate is inherently
  • the frequency is set to be the same as or similar to the natural frequency of the vertical elastic system of the sprung body
  • the hollow weight pallet is provided with a kinetic energy generating device, and the kinetic energy generating device includes a central axis disposed on the generator.
  • a gear with a one-way bearing inside and is fixed vertically a straight rack in the axle frame, the gear and the straight rack are in single-sided meshing contact, and when the hollow weight plate provided with the kinetic energy generating device is excited by the sprung body to vibrate up and down along the vertically fixed straight rack,
  • the force between the gear and the straight rack enables the gear with the one-way bearing of the inner sleeve to generate the same continuous rotational torque to the central shaft through the one-way bearing, and the central shaft is continuously rotated to generate power for the generator.
  • the bottom of the axle frame is fixedly disposed on the automobile axle, supported by the automobile axle, and an optical axis for guiding perpendicular to the ground is disposed between the top surface and the bottom surface of the axle frame, and the hollow
  • the weight plate is placed on the optical axis by a linear bearing, and vibrates up and down along the vertical direction of the optical axis to absorb the kinetic energy of the vibration of the spring body.
  • the gears are provided with a plurality of gears, which are all mounted on the central shaft of the generator, and the inner sleeve has a one-way bearing with the same torsion force, the straight racks and the gears are equal in number, and the setting manner is interval and opposite setting, respectively Engages with the corresponding gear on one side.
  • the vertical direction elastic system corresponding to the natural frequency of the sprung body includes a vertical elastic system disposed between the axle frame and the sprung body for supporting, and a vertical connection of the hollow weights respectively The upper and lower reverse preloading tension spring sets of the pallet and the top and bottom of the axle frame.
  • the vertically elastic system of the support disposed between the axle frame and the sprung body includes an air spring disposed between the axle and the sprung body.
  • the up-and-down reverse preload tension spring set disposed in the vertical direction includes a pull-up spring connecting the hollow weight pallet and the top of the axle frame, and a pull-down spring connecting the hollow weight pallet and the bottom of the axle frame, the upper
  • the tension spring and the pull-down spring are connected by a vertical meshing rack, and the vertical meshing rack is engaged with the lateral meshing rack, and the lateral meshing rack is vertically fixed on the side of the hollow weight pallet.
  • the vertical elastic system of the hollow weight pallet comprises a vertical direction elastic system disposed on the sprung body for individually supporting the gravity of the hollow weight pallet, and a vertical connection of the hollow weight pallets and the vertically arranged Up and down reverse preload tension spring sets at the top and bottom of the axle frame.
  • the vertical elastic system disposed on the sprung body for individually supporting the weight of the hollow weight pallet uses a support spring disposed on the sprung body.
  • the vertical elastic system disposed on the sprung body for individually supporting the gravity of the hollow weight pallet is formed by a vertical support frame formed on the sprung body, at the top of the support frame It is connected with the hollow weight pallet by a tension spring.
  • the upper and lower reverse pretensioning tension spring sets of the hollow weight pallet share a set of upper and lower reverse preloading tension spring sets of the sprung body.
  • the vehicle kinetic energy power generation structure is installed at a front end and a rear end of the body of the truck, and a super capacitor or a battery is used as an energy storage power source, and a buffer block fixedly spaced on the surface of the wheel metal rim of the wheel is used as a hard tire. Tread.
  • the method and structure for applying frequency resonance to electric vehicle kinetic energy generation method by frequency resonance method not only transfer kinetic energy of body vibration to kinetic energy power generation device, but also achieve vibration damping effect of the vehicle body (cancellation of damper and leaf spring), Moreover, the kinetic energy of the kinetic energy generating device absorbing the vibration of the vehicle body can be resonated and generated, and converted into usable electric energy; after the electric energy is stored, it can be directly used as an electric power source, and can also be used to start acceleration and low speed (low power consumption, high torque) In the case of a hybrid mode of electricity and high-speed oil, the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are reduced, and the energy consumption of the vehicle is greatly improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing a central axis portion of the generator of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the axle frame and the vertical elastic system of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the present invention mounted on a vehicle.
  • 1 - optical axis 2-axle frame, 3-axle upper support frame, 4-axle lower support frame, 5-up pre-tensioned tension spring, 6-lower pretensioned tension spring, 7-sprung body Support spring, 8-hollow weight plate tension spring, 9-sprung body, 1 0-vibration sensor, 1 1 - linear bearing, 12-straight rack support, 1 3-straight rack, 14- center Shaft, 1 5-gear, 1 6-way bearing, 1 7-speed increaser, 1 8-generator, 1 9-thrust rod, 20-wheel motor wheel, 21 - force wire rope, 22-lateral mesh Rack, 2 3- meshing rack cuff, 24-spoke body frame, 25-axle axle, 26-vertical meshing rack, 27-hollow weight pallet tension spring support.
  • the present invention proposes a method for applying frequency resonance to kinetic energy generation of a vehicle, that is, a sprung body provided with a vertical elastic system is freely vibrated by its natural frequency, and the excitation is supported by the sprung body, having the same or similar
  • the natural frequency also provided with the vertical direction elastic system, the hollow weight plate with the kinetic energy generating device generates frequency resonance or effective vibration.
  • the spring body transfers the vibration kinetic energy to the hollow weight plate.
  • the hollow weight plate that is excited and resonated uses the kinetic energy of the absorbed sprung body and the kinetic energy of the self-vibration to drive the kinetic energy generating device provided on the hollow weight plate to generate electricity.
  • the free-spinning body When the electric vehicle is running, the free-spinning body is randomly excited by the road surface to perform free vibration at its natural frequency, and refers to no-energy free vibration without damping of the shock absorber or vibration of the leaf spring.
  • the hollow weight pallet refers to a kinetic energy generating device disposed on the hollow pallet and capable of being solid A weight box that accommodates heavy objects such as energy storage batteries.
  • the principle of the method of the present invention is to resonate the vibration generated by the random motion of the sprung body of the automobile by the random excitation of the road surface through the frequency of the hollow weight plate supported by the sprung body and the sprung body, and transfer the vibration kinetic energy of the sprung body to the hollow.
  • the weight plate is used to generate electricity by using a kinetic energy generating device on the hollow weight plate.
  • the structure designed according to the method is as follows: wherein the axle frame of the axle of the automobile is supported by the axle of the automobile, the bottom of the axle frame is fixedly arranged on the axle of the automobile, and the top surface of the axle frame is provided with the support on the axle of the axle.
  • the underside of the axle frame is provided with a lower axle support frame, the top surface and the bottom surface of the axle frame are disposed parallel to the ground, and a light for guiding perpendicular to the ground is disposed between the top surface and the bottom surface of the axle frame
  • the shaft, the hollow weight plate is arranged on the optical axis by a linear bearing, and vibrates up and down along the vertical direction of the optical axis to absorb the kinetic energy of the vibration of the spring body;
  • a vertical elastic system is provided on the sprung body of the automobile, including an air spring disposed between the axle and the sprung body, and a vertically disposed hollow weight plate and a top and bottom of the axle frame respectively.
  • the hollow weight pallet is also provided with a vertical elastic system, including a vertical elastic system disposed on the sprung body for individually supporting the weight of the hollow weight pallet, that is, the vertical body disposed on the sprung body
  • the support frame formed by the straight support frame is suspended and connected between the top end of the support frame and the hollow weight pallet, and the upper and lower reverse preloading tension spring sets shared with the sprung body;
  • the natural frequency of the hollow weight pallet is kept the same or similar to the vibration frequency of the electric vehicle sprung body in motion, and the spring body can be
  • the addition of a force-cored steel wire rope to the hollow pallet is conducive to the instigation effect of the spring-loaded body on the hollow weight pallet when the vehicle starts.
  • the hollow weight pallet is provided with a kinetic energy generating device, comprising a gear provided with a one-way bearing disposed on a central shaft of the generator, and a straight rack fixed vertically in the axle frame, the gear One-side meshing contact with the straight rack, when the hollow weight plate provided with the kinetic energy generating device is excited by the sprung body to vibrate up and down along the vertical fixed straight rack, the force between the gear and the straight rack,
  • the gear with the one-way bearing in the inner sleeve generates a co-continuous rotational torque to the central shaft through the one-way bearing, and the central shaft is continuously rotated to generate power for the generator.
  • the gear and the straight rack are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and all the gears are sleeved with a one-way bearing of the same direction of torque, and the straight racks are respectively disposed at opposite intervals and mesh with one side of the corresponding gear.
  • the vertical elastic system supporting the gravity of the hollow weight pallet can also be used in a support spring (i.e., a compression spring) disposed between the sprung body and the hollow weight pallet.
  • a support spring i.e., a compression spring
  • the air spring includes a spring and associated accessories, i.e., a vibration sensor and a controller that controls the air pressure regulating spring stiffness by feedback from the vibration sensor to maintain the desired natural frequency stability.
  • the preload tension spring is sized to be close to or equal to a pulling force capable of starting the kinetic energy generating device to be a force arm position at the meshing position of the gear and the straight rack, and low-intensity vibration occurs when the hollow weight plate is activated.
  • the sprung body bottom plate needs to bypass the optical axis and the vertical support frame of the axle frame.
  • the horizontal movement of the sprung body is restricted and moved.
  • the thrust bridge is connected with the axle and the sprung body frame.
  • the sprung body bottom plate can be opened. The passage of the holes or the way of cutting off the bottom plate allows the vertical support frame of the axle frame and the guiding optical axis to pass without contact.
  • FIG. 4 An example of the installation of the structure of the present invention on a truck is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the device of the structure is installed at the front end and the rear end of the body of the truck, and the super capacitor is used as the energy storage source, and the truck is equipped with the whole air.
  • the gas actively controls the non-independent suspension, and adopts the hybrid electric power to realize the full-path self-generation and on-demand control of the electric energy with the effect of the charging and discharging, and the energy recovery efficiency of the brake is greatly improved.
  • Some heavy-duty trucks use solid rubber tires for load-bearing and vibration-reducing, and their speed is mostly limited in order to avoid tires from rubbing against the ground during high-speed driving. Therefore, it is possible to employ a non-integral, mutually spaced buffer block on the surface of the hub rim of the existing wheel as the wheel hard tread in contact with the ground.
  • the sprung body provided with the frequency common vibration energy generating device may be either a trailer mode disposed at both ends of the trailer by the tractor or a frequency common vibration energy generating device. Set at the rear of the cab.
  • the method and structure of the invention not only innovatively utilizes the kinetic energy of automobile vibration, promotes the recovery and utilization of energy, reduces fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, and greatly improves the energy consumption of the automobile, and is also a hybrid electric vehicle or a pure electric vehicle. Provides a new energy-driven model.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用汽车动能发电的方法和结构，属于汽车领域。一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于：将设置有垂直方向弹性***的簧上车身以其固有频率的自由振动，激励以簧上车身为支撑的，具有相同或相近固有频率的，同样设置有垂直方向弹性***的，安装有动能发电装置的中空重物托板发生频率共振或有效振动，通过频率共振，簧上车身将振动的动能转移到中空重物托板以实现自身的减振，同时，被激励而发生共振的中空重物托板，利用所吸收的簧上车身的动能以及自身振动的动能，驱动中空重物托板上设置的动能发电装置进行发电。本发明的方法和结构创新地利用汽车振动的动能，降低了燃油消耗及尾气排放。

Description

说 明 书
一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法和结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车动能发电的方法，尤其涉及一种将频率共振应用于汽 车动能发电的方法和结构。 背景技术
目前， 公知的利用汽车动能发电的方法是剎车制动时的动能回收， 其产 生的电能效率很低。 汽车行驶时所具有的动能， 在路面平缓或颠簸环境下， 因路面起伏形成的汽车振动的垂直的分速度所产生的动能目前基本没有回收 利用， 为避免振动可能对汽车行驶造成的不良影响而安装的汽车减震器或减 振板簧的摩擦生热， 只消耗少量振动的动能， 而汽车行驶时气囊轮胎减振效 应所致的变形， 使胎面与路面的摩擦面积和摩擦阻力增大， 因此， 轮胎减振 的代价不仅是通过摩擦阻力做功， 消耗汽车行驶时产生的大量振动动能， 而 且是对汽车驱动能量的重要消耗。 现有的汽车行驶过程中利用垂直动能的发 电装置， 根本不足以驱动机械传动机构连续做功使发电机发电， 因此， 事实 上这种振动的动能是消耗和浪费了。 同时， 现在的汽车在电动驱动方面， 一 直考虑的主要方向是直接利用储能电池作为驱动。 但是电池的携带、 更换等 多方面的不便都制约了电动汽车的发展。
因此， 如果能有效利用汽车行驶中的振动动能， 将其转换为汽车平稳行 驶过程中可以回收利用的电能并能提供给汽车作为驱动能源， 就不仅能创新 地利用汽车振动的动能， 促进能量的回收利用， 而且能为油电混合汽车或纯 电动汽车提供一种全新的能源驱动模式。 ^ 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电 的方法和结构， 解决现在汽车行驶中因路面起伏形成的振动的动能基本未得 到利用的缺陷， 有效利用汽车行驶中的振动动能， 转化为可以回收利用的电 能。
技术方案
一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法， 其特征在于： 将设置有垂 直方向弹性***的簧上车身以其固有频率的自由振动， 激励以簧上车身为支 撑的， 具有相同或相近固有频率的， 同样设置有垂直方向弹性***的， 安装 有动能发电装置的中空重物托板发生频率共振或有效振动， 通过频率共振， 簧上车身将振动的动能转移到中空重物托板以实现自身的减振， 同时， 被激 励而发生共振的中空重物托板， 利用所吸收的簧上车身的动能以及自身振动 的动能， 驱动中空重物托板上设置的动能发电装置进行发电。
进一步， 所述动能发电装置包括设置在发电机的中心轴上的内套有单向 轴承的齿轮， 以及被垂直固定在车桥框架内的直齿条， 所述齿轮与直齿条为 单侧啮合接触， 当设置有动能发电装置的中空重物托板被簧上车身激励沿垂 直固定直齿条发生上下振动时， 齿轮与直齿条之间具有的作用力， 使内套有 单向轴承的齿轮通过单向轴承对中心轴产生了同向连续的旋转扭力， 带动中 心轴连续转动而使发电机发电。
进一步， 所述车桥框架底部固定设置在汽车车桥上， 以汽车车桥支撑， 所述车桥框架设置有垂直于地面的用于导向的光轴， 所述中空重物托板通过 直线轴承套装在所述光轴上， 沿光轴垂直方向上下振动吸收簧上车身振动的 动能。
进一步， 所述簧上车身的固有频率所对应的垂直方向弹性***， 包括用 于支撑的设置在车桥框架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方 向设置的分别连接中空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉 簧组。
所述设置在车桥框架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***包括设置在车 桥的通过气压调控弹簧刚度以保持所需固有频率稳定的空气弹簧。
所述垂直方向设置的反向预紧力拉簧组的上下拉簧的拉力接近或等于能 够使所述动能发电装置启动的启动扭矩在齿轮与直齿条的啮合处为力臂位置 的拉力。
进一步， 所述中空重物托板的垂直弹性***包括设置在簧上车身上的用 于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方向设置的分 别连接中空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组。
所述上下预紧力拉簧连接中空重物托板的位置为在所述中空重物托板由 设置在簧上车身上的垂直方向弹性***单独支撑达到静止状态时的位置。
进一步， 所述齿轮设置有若干个， 均安装在发电机的中心轴上， 内套有 同向扭力的单向轴承， 所述直齿条与齿轮数量相等， 设置方式为间隔对向设 置， 分别与对应的齿轮单侧啮合。
进一步， 所述发电机的中心轴上还设置有增速器。
一种应用上述的方法进行汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于：
在汽车的簧上车身上设置有垂直方向的弹性***， 以簧上车身为支撑的 中空重物托板也设置有垂直方向的弹性***， 所述中空重物托板的垂直方向 弹性***的固有频率设置为与所述簧上车身的垂直方向弹性***的固有频率 相同或相近， 所述中空重物托板上设置有动能发电装置， 所述动能发电装置 包括设置在发电机的中心轴上的内套有单向轴承的齿轮， 以及被垂直固定在 车桥框架内的直齿条， 所述齿轮与直齿条为单侧啮合接触， 当设置有动能发 电装置的中空重物托板被簧上车身激励沿垂直固定直齿条发生上下振动时， 齿轮与直齿条之间具有的作用力， 使内套有单向轴承的齿轮通过单向轴承对 中心轴产生了同向连续的旋转扭力， 带动中心轴连续转动而使发电机发电。
进一步， 所述车桥框架底部固定设置在汽车车桥上， 以汽车车桥支撑， 所述车桥框架的顶面与底面之间设置有垂直于地面的用于导向的光轴， 所述 中空重物托板通过直线轴承套装在所述光轴上， 沿光轴垂直方向上下振动吸 收簧上车身振动的动能。
进一步， 所述齿轮设置有若干个， 均安装在发电机的中心轴上， 内套有 同向扭力的单向轴承， 所述直齿条与齿轮数量相等， 设置方式为间隔对向设 置， 分别与对应的齿轮单侧啮合。
进一步， 所述簧上车身的固有频率所对应的垂直方向弹性***， 包括用 于支撑的设置在车桥框架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方 向设置的分别连接中空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉 簧组。
所述支撑的设置在车桥框架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***包括设 置在车桥和簧上车身之间的空气弹簧。
所述垂直方向设置的上下反向预紧力拉簧组包括连接中空重物托板与车 桥框架顶部的上拉簧和连接中空重物托板与车桥框架底部的下拉簧， 所述上 拉簧和下拉簧以竖直啮合齿条连接， 再将所述竖直啮合齿条与侧向啮合齿条 啮合， 所述侧向啮合齿条垂直固定在所述中空重物托板侧面上。
进一步， 所述中空重物托板的垂直弹性***包括设置在簧上车身上的用 于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方向设置的分 别连接中空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组。 所述设置在簧上车身上的用于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹 性***釆用设置在簧上车身上的支撑弹簧。
或者， 所述设置在簧上车身上的用于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直 方向弹性***釆用设置在簧上车身上的竖直支撑架形成的支撑框， 在所述支 撑框顶端和中空重物托板之间用拉簧悬吊连接。
进一步， 所述中空重物托板的上下反向预紧力拉簧组与所述簧上车身的 上下反向预紧力拉簧组共用一套。
进一步， 将所述的汽车动能发电结构安装在载重货车的车身前端和后端 的位置， 以超级电容或电池为蓄能电源， 采用在车轮的轮毂金属圏表面固定 设置间隔的缓冲块作为硬质轮胎胎面。
有益效果
本发明的将频率共振应用于电动汽车动能发电的方法和结构通过频率共 振的方法， 不仅将车身振动的动能转移到动能发电装置， 实现车身的减振效 果（取消减振器及板簧） ， 而且能够使动能发电装置吸收车身振动的动能发 生共振并进行发电， 转化为可以利用的电能； 电能储存后可以直接作为电力 驱动能源， 也可以通过釆用启动加速及低速（低耗电， 高扭力）情况下用电、 高速用油的混合动力模式， 减少燃油消耗及尾气排放， 使汽车的能源消耗得 到巨大的改善。 附图说明
图 1为本发明结构示意图。
图 2为本发明中发电机的中心轴部分放大示意图。
图 3为本发明中车桥框架和垂直弹性***部分放大示意图。 图 4为本发明安装在汽车上的总装示意图。
其中： 1 -光轴， 2-车桥框架， 3-车桥上支撑架， 4-车桥下支撑架， 5-上预紧 拉簧， 6-下预紧拉簧， 7-簧上车身的支撑弹簧， 8-中空重物托板拉簧， 9-簧 上车身， 1 0-振动传感器， 1 1 -直线轴承， 12-直齿条支撑架， 1 3-直齿条， 14- 中心轴， 1 5-齿轮， 1 6-单向轴承， 1 7-增速器， 1 8-发电机， 1 9-推力杆， 20- 轮毂电机车轮， 21 -策力钢丝绳， 22-侧向啮合齿条， 2 3-啮合齿条箍套， 24- 簧上车身车架， 25-车桥车轴， 26-竖直啮合齿条， 27-中空重物托板拉簧支撑 架。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图， 进一步阐述本发明。
针对汽车行驶中的振动动能进行分析， 可以发现在汽车颠簸振动的过程 中， 汽车在垂直方向的分速度所产生的动能目前基本未得到利用， 为合理和 高效地利用该振动的垂直方向的动能， 本发明提出了一种将频率共振应用于 汽车动能发电的方法， 即将设置有垂直方向弹性***的簧上车身以其固有频 率的自由振动， 激励以簧上车身为支撑的， 具有相同或相近固有频率的， 同 样设置有垂直方向弹性***的， 安装有动能发电装置的中空重物托板发生频 率共振或有效振动， 通过频率共振， 簧上车身将振动的动能转移到中空重物 托板以实现自身的减振， 同时， 被激励而发生共振的中空重物托板， 利用所 吸收的簧上车身的动能以及自身振动的动能， 驱动中空重物托板上设置的动 能发电装置进行发电。
所述电动汽车行驶时， 簧上车身被路面随机激励以其固有频率进行的自 由振动， 是指无减震器减振也无板簧摩擦减振的无耗能自由振动。
所述中空重物托板是指在中空的托板上面设置有动能发电装置和能够固 定容纳储能电池等重物的重物箱。
本发明方法的原理就是将汽车的簧上车身被路面随机激励产生的振动通 过以簧上车身为支撑的中空重物托板与簧上车身的频率共振， 将簧上车身的 振动动能转移到中空重物托板， 并利用中空重物托板上的动能发电装置进行 发电。
如附图 1所示为根据该方法设计的结构， 其中， 以汽车车桥支撑设置的 车桥框架， 车桥框架底部固定设置在汽车车桥上， 车桥框架顶面设置有车桥 上支撑架， 车桥框架底面设置有车桥下支撑架， 所述车桥框架顶面和底面平 行于地面设置， 在车桥框架的顶面与底面之间设置有垂直于地面的用于导向 的光轴， 中空重物托板通过直线轴承套装在所述光轴上， 沿光轴垂直方向上 下振动吸收簧上车身振动的动能；
在汽车的簧上车身上设置有垂直方向的弹性***， 包括设置在车桥和簧 上车身之间的空气弹簧， 以及垂直方向设置的分别连接中空重物托板与车桥 框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组；
所述中空重物托板也设置有垂直方向的弹性***， 包括设置在簧上车身 上的用于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直弹性***， 即釆用设置在簧上车 身上的竖直支撑架形成的支撑框， 在支撑框顶端和中空重物托板之间用拉簧 悬吊连接， 以及与簧上车身共用的上下反向预紧力拉簧组；
且通过分别对上述两个垂直方向的弹性***的刚度的设计和控制， 使中 空重物托板的固有频率保持与行驶中的电动汽车簧上车身的振动频率相同或 相近， 可以在簧上车身与中空托板之间增设策力钢丝绳有利于汽车起步时簧 上车身对中空重物托板的策动效果。
中空重物托板上设置有动能发电装置， 包括设置在发电机的中心轴上的 内套有单向轴承的齿轮， 以及被垂直固定在车桥框架内的直齿条， 所述齿轮 与直齿条为单侧啮合接触， 当设置有动能发电装置的中空重物托板被簧上车 身激励沿垂直固定直齿条发生上下振动时， 齿轮与直齿条之间具有的作用力， 使内套有单向轴承的齿轮通过单向轴承对中心轴产生了同向连续的旋转扭 力， 带动中心轴连续转动而使发电机发电。
所述的齿轮和直齿条为一一对应设置， 所有齿轮内都套有同向扭力的单 向轴承， 而直齿条分别间隔相对设置， 与对应的齿轮单侧啮合。
支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹性***也可以釆用在设置在簧上车 身和中空重物托板之间的支撑弹簧 （即压簧）。
所述空气弹簧包括弹簧和相关附件， 即振动传感器及控制器， 控制器通 过振动传感器的反馈从而控制气压调控弹簧刚度以保持所需固有频率稳定。
而上下反向预紧力拉簧组的上拉簧和下拉簧之间以竖直啮合齿条连接， 再将所述竖直啮合齿条与侧向啮合齿条啮合， 所述侧向啮合齿条垂直固定在 中空重物托板侧面上， 外面以啮合齿条箍套箍紧。 而预紧力拉簧的大小设置 为接近或等于能够使所述动能发电装置启动的启动扭矩在齿轮与直齿条的啮 合处为力臂位置的拉力， 当中空重物托板发生低强度振动时， 其振动力叠加 运动方向的预紧力拉簧的拉力， 触发该预紧力拉簧缩短而释放出起始拉力大 于预紧力大小的能够使动能发电装置启动的拉力， 实现对中空重物托板低强 度振动力的捕捉效应和对振动动能的利用效率的改善。
簧上车身底板需要绕开光轴和车桥框架的垂直支撑架， 簧上车身水平方 向的限制移动定位， 通过推力杆联结车桥与簧上车身车架实现， 簧上车身底 板可以以让开空孔的通过方式或者以截断部分底板的方式， 使车桥框架的垂 直支撑架和导向光轴无接触穿过。
本发明的结构在货车上的安装实例如附图 4所示， 本结构的装置安装在 载重货车的车身前端和后端的位置， 以超级电容为蓄能电源， 货车配有全空 气主动控制非独立悬架， 采用油电混合动力， 即可实现全路况自发电及按需 控制的电能随充随放增程效果， 比刹车制动的能量回收效率大幅提高。
有些重型载重货车为承重和减振釆用了实心橡胶轮胎， 而为了避免高速 行驶时轮胎与地面摩擦升温而爆胎， 其行驶速度大多受限。 因此在轮胎上可 以采用在现有车轮的轮毂金属圈表面固定设置非整体的、 彼此有间隙的缓冲 块作为车轮与地面接触的车轮硬质轮胎面。
在附图 4 的货车安装实施例中， 设置有频率共振动能发电装置的簧上车 身， 既可以是被牵引车牵引的设置在拖车两端的拖车方式， 也可以是将其中 一个频率共振动能发电装置设置在驾驶室后端。
本发明的方法和结构不仅创新地利用汽车振动的动能， 促进能量的回收 和利用， 降低了燃油消耗及尾气排放， 使汽车的能源消耗得到巨大的改善， 而且为油电混合汽车或纯电动汽车提供了一种全新的能源驱动模式。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法， 其特征在于： 将设置有垂直 方向弹性***的簧上车身以其固有频率的自由振动， 激励以簧上车身为支 撑的， 具有相同或相近固有频率的， 同样设置有垂直方向弹性***的， 安 装有动能发电装置的中空重物托板发生频率共振或有效振动， 通过频率共 振， 簧上车身将振动的动能转移到中空重物托板以实现自身的减振， 同时， 被激励而发生共振的中空重物托板， 利用所吸收的簧上车身的动能以及自 身振动的动能， 驱动中空重物托板上设置的动能发电装置进行发电。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于： 所述动能发电装置包括设置在发电机的中心轴上的内套有单向轴承的齿 轮， 以及被垂直固定在车桥框架内的直齿条， 所述齿轮与直齿条为单恻啮 合接触， 当设置有动能发电装置的中空重物托板被簧上车身激励沿垂直固 定直齿条发生上下振动时， 齿轮与直齿条之间具有的作用力， 使内套有单 向轴承的齿轮通过单向轴承对中心轴产生了同向连续的旋转扭力， 带动中 心轴连续转动而使发电机发电。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法， 其特征 在于： 所述车桥框架底部固定设置在汽车车桥上， 以汽车车桥支撑， 所述 车桥框架设置有垂直于地面的用于导向的光轴， 所述中空重物托板通过直 线轴承套装在所述光轴上， 沿光轴垂直方向上下振动吸收簧上车身振动的 动能。
4. 如杈利要求 1所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于: 所述簧上车身的固有频率所对应的垂直方向弹性***， 包括用于支撑的设 置在车桥框架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方向设置的 分别连接中空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于: 权 利 要 求 书 所述设置在车桥和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***包括设置在车桥框架 底部的通过气压调控弹簧刚度以保持所需固有频率稳定的空气弹簧。
6. 如权利要求 4所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于： 所述垂直方向设置的反向预紧力拉簧组的上下拉簧的拉力接近或等于能够 使所述动能发电装置启动的启动扭矩在齿轮与直齿条的啮合处为力臂位置 的拉力。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于： 所述中空重物托板的垂直弹性***包括设置在簧上车身上的用于单独支撑 中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方向设置的分别连接中 空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于： 所述上下预紧力拉簧连接中空重物托板的位置为在所述中空重物托板由设 置在簧上车身上的垂直方向弹性***单独支撑达到静止状态时的位置。
9. 如权利要求 2所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法，其特征在于： 所述齿轮设置有若干个， 均安装在发电机的中心轴上， 内套有同向扭力的 单向轴承， 所述直齿条与齿轮数量相等， 设置方式为间隔对向设置， 分别 与对应的齿轮单侧啮合。
1 0. 如权利要求 2 所述的将频率共振应用于汽车动能发电的方法， 其特征 在于： 所述发电机的中心轴上还设置有增速器。
1 1. 一种应用如权利要求 1 所述的方法进行汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征 在于： 在汽车的簧上车身上设置有垂直方向的弹性***， 以簧上车身为支 撑的中空重物托板也设置有垂直方向的弹性***， 所述中空重物托板的垂 直方向弹性***的固有频率设置为与所述簧上车身的垂直方向弹性***的 固有频率相同或相近， 所述中空重物托板上设置有动能发电装置， 所述动 权 利 要 求 书 能发电装置包括设置在发电机的中心轴上的内套有单向轴承的齿轮， 以及 被垂直固定在车桥框架内的直齿条， 所述齿轮与直齿条为单侧啮合接触， 当设置有动能发电装置的中空重物托板被簧上车身激励沿垂直固定直齿条 发生上下振动时， 齿轮与直齿条之间具有的作用力， 使内套有单向轴承的 齿轮通过单向轴承对中心轴产生了同向连续的旋转扭力， 带动中心轴连续 转动而使发电机发电。
12. 如权利要求 11所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于 ·. 所述车桥框 架底部固定设置在汽车车桥上， 以汽车车桥支撑， 所述车桥框架的顶面与 底面之间设置有垂直于地面的用于导向的光轴， 所述中空重物托板通过直 线轴承套装在所述光轴上， 沿光轴垂直方向上下振动吸收簧上车身振动的 动能。
1 3. 如权利要求 11所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述齿轮设 置有若干个， 均安装在发电机的中心轴上， 内套有同向扭力的单向轴承， 所述直齿条与齿轮数量相等， 设置方式为间隔对向设置， 分别与对应的齿 轮单侧啮合。
14. 如权利要求 11所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述簧上车 身的固有频率所对应的垂直方向弹性***， 包括用于支撑的设置在车桥框 架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方向设置的分别连接中 空重物托板与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组。
15. 如权利要求 14所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述支撑的 设置在车桥框架和簧上车身之间的垂直方向弹性***包括设置在车桥和簧 上车身之间的空气弹簧。
16. 如权利要求 14所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述垂直方 向设置的上下反向预紧力拉簧组包括连接中空重物托板与车桥框架顶部的 权 利 要 求 书 上拉簧和连接中空重物托板与车桥框架底部的下拉簧， 所述上拉簧和下拉 簧以竖直啮合齿条连接， 再将所述竖直啮合齿条与侧向啮合齿条啮合， 所 述侧向啮合齿条垂直固定在所述中空重物托板侧面上。
17. 如权利要求 11所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述中空重 物托板的垂直弹性***包括设置在簧上车身上的用于单独支撑中空重物托 板重力的垂直方向弹性***， 以及垂直方向设置的分别连接中空重物托板 与车桥框架顶部和底部的上下反向预紧力拉簧组。
1 8. 如权利要求 17所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述设置在 簧上车身上的用于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹性***采用设 置在簧上车身上的支撑弹簧。
19. 如权利要求 17所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述设置在 簧上车身上的用于单独支撑中空重物托板重力的垂直方向弹性***采用设 置在簧上车身上的竖直支撑架形成的支撑框， 在所述支撑框顶端和中空重 物托板之间用拉簧悬吊连接。
20. 如权利要求 14或 1 7所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 所述 中空重物托板的上下反向预紧力拉簧组与所述簧上车身的上下反向预紧力 拉簧组共用一套。
21. 如权利要求 11所述的汽车动能发电的结构， 其特征在于： 将所述的汽 车动能发电结构安装在载重货车的车身前端和后端的位置， 以超级电容或 电池为蓄能电源， 釆用在车轮的轮毂金属圈表面固定设置间隔的缓冲块作 为硬质轮胎胎面。
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