WO2013132536A1 - 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013132536A1 WO2013132536A1 PCT/JP2012/001606 JP2012001606W WO2013132536A1 WO 2013132536 A1 WO2013132536 A1 WO 2013132536A1 JP 2012001606 W JP2012001606 W JP 2012001606W WO 2013132536 A1 WO2013132536 A1 WO 2013132536A1
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- fuel cell
- supply
- gas
- gas manifold
- manifold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- This invention relates to a fuel cell.
- Solid polymer fuel cells (hereinafter also simply referred to as “fuel cells”) generate electricity by utilizing proton movement in the electrolyte membrane. Since the electrolyte membrane exhibits good proton conductivity in a wet state, it is preferable that the inside of the fuel cell be maintained in a wet state so that the electrolyte membrane is in an appropriate wet state during operation of the fuel cell.
- the moisture present in the fuel cell and its connecting piping may freeze in a low-temperature environment such as below freezing point and cause the fuel cell startability to deteriorate. There is. Therefore, conventionally, at the end of the operation of the fuel cell, the amount of water remaining in the fuel cell is reduced by scavenging the inside of the fuel cell and its connecting piping (also referred to as “purge”) (Patent Document 1 below). .
- the present invention provides a technique that can efficiently reduce the amount of moisture remaining in a power generation unit in a fuel cell after operation and a gas flow path disposed in the power generation unit by a method different from the conventional one.
- the purpose is to do.
- the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and can be realized as the following forms or application examples.
- a fuel cell system comprising: a supply gas manifold; an exhaust gas manifold; a fuel cell having a gas flow passage connected to the supply gas manifold and the exhaust gas manifold; and the supply A gas supply section for allowing gas to flow into the gas manifold, a supply valve capable of sealing the supply gas manifold, a discharge valve capable of sealing the exhaust gas manifold, the supply valve and The exhaust valve is closed, the gas from the gas supply unit is sealed in the fuel cell at a predetermined pressure, and after waiting for a predetermined time, the supply valve or the discharge valve is opened, and the power generation unit Residual water that moves water remaining in the gas flow path to the supply gas manifold or the exhaust gas manifold And a control unit that performs the discharge process, the fuel cell system.
- the moisture remaining in the gas flow path of the power generation unit can be moved to the outside by utilizing the pressure release from the fuel cell. Therefore, the residual moisture in the gas flow path of the power generation unit of the fuel cell can be efficiently reduced by a simple method, and a decrease in the startability of the fuel cell due to freezing of the residual moisture in a low temperature environment can be suppressed.
- Application Example 3 The fuel cell system according to Application Example 1 or 2, wherein the control unit performs a scavenging process of scavenging the inside of the fuel cell with the gas from the gas supply unit after the operation of the fuel cell is stopped.
- a fuel cell system that performs the residual moisture discharge process after performing the scavenging process. With this fuel cell system, the moisture remaining in the gas flow path of the power generation unit that could not be exhausted by the scavenging process can be moved to the outside by the residual moisture discharge process, and the gas path of the power generation unit is Can be prevented from being blocked by freezing.
- the fuel cell system further includes a moisture amount detection unit that detects a moisture amount remaining in the fuel cell when the operation is stopped, and the control unit, according to the moisture amount, (I) A fuel cell system that determines whether to execute both the scavenging process and the residual moisture discharge process, or (ii) to execute the residual moisture discharge process without executing the scavenging process .
- a moisture amount detection unit that detects a moisture amount remaining in the fuel cell when the operation is stopped
- the control unit according to the moisture amount
- a fuel cell system that determines whether to execute both the scavenging process and the residual moisture discharge process, or (ii) to execute the residual moisture discharge process without executing the scavenging process.
- a control method for a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell having a supply gas manifold, an exhaust gas manifold, and a power generation unit in which a gas flow path connected to the supply gas manifold and the exhaust gas manifold is disposed.
- a control method comprising: With this control method of the fuel cell system, moisture remaining in the gas flow path of the power generation unit of the fuel cell can be reliably reduced by a method with relatively little energy consumption.
- the present invention can be realized in various forms.
- a fuel cell system a vehicle equipped with the fuel cell system, a fuel cell scavenging method executed in the system and the vehicle
- the present invention can be realized in the form of a system or vehicle control method, a control device, a scavenging method thereof, a control method, a computer program for realizing the functions of the control device, a recording medium recording the computer program, or the like.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view schematically showing the inside of the fuel cell when purge gas is allowed to flow from a supply manifold.
- Explanatory drawing which shows the process sequence of the purge process performed after the driving
- the schematic diagram for demonstrating the residual water discharge process performed in a purge process Explanatory drawing which shows the discharge
- Explanatory drawing which shows the process sequence of the purge process of 2nd Example. Schematic which shows the structure of the fuel cell system of 3rd Example. Explanatory drawing which shows the process sequence of the purge process of 2nd Example. Explanatory drawing which shows the process sequence of a freezing prevention process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system as an embodiment of the present invention.
- This fuel cell system 100 is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle and outputs electric power used as driving force in response to a request from a driver.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 10, a control unit 20, a cathode gas supply system 30, a cathode gas discharge system 40, an anode gas supply system 50, an anode gas circulation discharge system 60, and a refrigerant circulation supply system 70.
- a fuel cell 10 includes a fuel cell 10, a control unit 20, a cathode gas supply system 30, a cathode gas discharge system 40, an anode gas supply system 50, an anode gas circulation discharge system 60, and a refrigerant circulation supply system 70.
- the fuel cell 10 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power by receiving supply of hydrogen (anode gas) and air (cathode gas) as reaction gases.
- the fuel cell 10 has a stack structure in which a plurality of single cells 11 that are power generators are stacked.
- the fuel cell 10 has a manifold (not shown) for reaction gas and refrigerant, which is a flow path along the stacking direction of the fuel cells 10 connected to each single cell 11. The configuration of the fuel cell 10 will be described later.
- the control unit 20 can be configured by a microcomputer including a central processing unit and a main storage device.
- the control unit 20 has a function as a power generation control unit that controls each component described below to generate power corresponding to the output request in the fuel cell 10. Further, the control unit 20 has a function as the purge process execution unit 21.
- the purge processing execution unit 21 controls each component of the fuel cell system 100 after the operation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped, and adheres to moisture remaining in the fuel cell 10 and piping / valves of the fuel cell system 100.
- a scavenging process (purge process) is performed to reduce the water content.
- the execution procedure of the purge process by the purge process execution unit 21 will be described later.
- the cathode gas supply system 30 includes a cathode gas pipe 31, an air compressor 32, an air flow meter 33, and a supply valve 34.
- the cathode gas pipe 31 is a pipe connected to the supply manifold on the cathode side of the fuel cell 10.
- the air compressor 32 is connected to a supply manifold on the cathode side of the fuel cell 10 via the cathode gas pipe 31, and supplies air compressed by taking in outside air to the fuel cell 10 as cathode gas.
- the air flow meter 33 measures the amount of outside air taken in by the air compressor 32 on the upstream side of the air compressor 32 and transmits it to the control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 controls the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell 10 by driving the air compressor 32 based on the measured value.
- the supply valve 34 is provided between the air compressor 32 and the fuel cell 10.
- the supply valve 34 opens and closes in response to a command from the control unit 20 and controls the flow of air to the fuel cell 10.
- the cathode gas supply system 30 may be provided with a humidifying unit for humidifying the air supplied to the fuel cell 10.
- the cathode gas discharge system 40 includes a cathode exhaust gas pipe 41, a discharge valve 43, and a pressure measurement unit 44.
- the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41 is a pipe connected to a discharge manifold on the cathode side of the fuel cell 10 and can discharge the cathode exhaust gas to the outside of the fuel cell system 100.
- the exhaust valve 43 is a pressure regulating valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode exhaust gas in the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41 (back pressure on the cathode side of the fuel cell 10).
- the opening degree of the discharge valve 43 is adjusted by the control unit 20.
- the pressure measurement unit 44 is provided on the upstream side of the discharge valve 43, measures the pressure of the cathode exhaust gas, and transmits the measured value to the control unit 20.
- the anode gas supply system 50 includes an anode gas pipe 51, a hydrogen tank 52, an on-off valve 53, a regulator 54, a hydrogen supply device 55, and a pressure measuring unit 56.
- the hydrogen tank 52 is connected to the supply manifold on the anode side of the fuel cell 10 through the anode gas pipe 51. Thereby, the hydrogen filled in the hydrogen tank 52 is supplied to the fuel cell 10 as the anode gas.
- the on-off valve 53, the regulator 54, the hydrogen supply device 55, and the pressure measuring unit 56 are provided in the anode gas pipe 51 in this order from the upstream side (hydrogen tank 52 side).
- the on-off valve 53 opens and closes according to a command from the control unit 20 and controls the inflow of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank 52 to the upstream side of the hydrogen supply device 55.
- the regulator 54 is a pressure reducing valve for adjusting the pressure of hydrogen on the upstream side of the hydrogen supply device 55, and its opening degree is controlled by the control unit 20.
- the hydrogen supply device 55 can be constituted by, for example, an injector that is an electromagnetically driven on-off valve.
- the pressure measurement unit 56 measures the pressure of hydrogen on the downstream side of the hydrogen supply device 55 and transmits it to the control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 controls the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 10 by controlling the hydrogen supply device 55 based on the measurement value of the pressure measurement unit 56.
- the anode gas circulation discharge system 60 includes an anode exhaust gas pipe 61, a gas-liquid separator 62, an anode gas circulation pipe 63, a hydrogen circulation pump 64, an anode drain pipe 65, a drain valve 66, and a pressure measurement section 67. And comprising.
- the anode exhaust gas pipe 61 is a pipe that connects the discharge manifold on the anode side of the fuel cell 10 and the gas-liquid separation unit 62 and includes unreacted gas (such as hydrogen and nitrogen) that has not been used for the power generation reaction.
- the anode exhaust gas is guided to the gas-liquid separator 62.
- the gas-liquid separator 62 is connected to the anode gas circulation pipe 63 and the anode drain pipe 65.
- the gas-liquid separator 62 separates the gas component and moisture contained in the anode exhaust gas, guides the gas component to the anode gas circulation pipe 63, and guides the moisture to the anode drain pipe 65.
- the anode gas circulation pipe 63 is connected downstream from the hydrogen supply device 55 of the anode gas pipe 51.
- the anode gas circulation pipe 63 is provided with a hydrogen circulation pump 64, and hydrogen contained in the gas component separated in the gas-liquid separation unit 62 by the hydrogen circulation pump 64 is supplied to the anode gas pipe 51. Sent out.
- hydrogen contained in the anode exhaust gas is circulated and supplied to the fuel cell 10 again, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of hydrogen. .
- the anode drain pipe 65 is a pipe for discharging the water separated in the gas-liquid separator 62 to the outside of the fuel cell system 100.
- the drain valve 66 is provided in the anode drain pipe 65 and opens and closes according to a command from the control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 normally closes the drain valve 66 and opens the drain valve 66 at a predetermined drain timing set in advance or at a discharge timing of the inert gas in the anode exhaust gas. open.
- the pressure measuring unit 67 of the anode gas circulation / discharge system 60 is provided in the anode exhaust gas pipe 61.
- the pressure measurement unit 67 measures the pressure of the anode exhaust gas (the back pressure on the anode side of the fuel cell 10) in the vicinity of the outlet of the hydrogen manifold of the fuel cell 10 and transmits the control unit 20.
- the refrigerant circulation supply system 70 includes a refrigerant pipe 71, a radiator 72, a three-way valve 73, a refrigerant circulation pump 75, and first and second refrigerant temperature measuring units 76a and 76b.
- the refrigerant pipe 71 is a pipe for circulating a refrigerant for cooling the fuel cell 10, and includes an upstream pipe 71a, a downstream pipe 71b, and a bypass pipe 71c.
- the upstream pipe 71 a connects the refrigerant outlet manifold provided in the fuel cell 10 and the inlet of the radiator 72.
- the downstream pipe 71 b connects the refrigerant inlet manifold provided in the fuel cell 10 and the outlet of the radiator 72.
- One end of the bypass pipe 71c is connected to the upstream pipe 71a via the three-way valve 73, and the other end is connected to the downstream pipe 71b.
- the control unit 20 controls the opening and closing of the three-way valve 73, thereby adjusting the amount of refrigerant flowing into the bypass pipe 71c and controlling the amount of refrigerant flowing into the radiator 72.
- the radiator 72 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 71, and cools the refrigerant by exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 71 and the outside air.
- the refrigerant circulation pump 75 is provided on the downstream side pipe 71b on the downstream side (the refrigerant inlet side of the fuel cell 10) from the connection point of the bypass pipe 71c, and is driven based on a command from the control unit 20.
- coolant temperature measurement part 76a, 76b is provided in the upstream piping 71a and the downstream piping 71b, respectively, and transmits each measured value to the control part 20.
- the control unit 20 detects the operating temperature of the fuel cell 10 from the difference between the measured values of the refrigerant temperature measuring units 76a and 76b, and controls the rotational speed of the refrigerant circulation pump 75 based on the operating temperature. The operating temperature of the fuel cell 10 is adjusted.
- the fuel cell system 100 further includes an outside air temperature sensor 80 that can measure the outside air temperature (outside air temperature) of the fuel cell vehicle.
- the outside air temperature sensor 80 transmits the detection result to the control unit 20.
- the purge process execution unit 21 uses the temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 80 to determine whether or not the purge process can be performed (described later).
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a secondary battery and a DC / DC converter, although illustration and detailed description are omitted.
- the secondary battery stores electric power and regenerative power output from the fuel cell 10 and functions as a power source together with the fuel cell 10.
- the DC / DC converter can control the charge / discharge of the secondary battery and the output voltage of the fuel cell 10. Each component of the fuel cell system 100 described above can be driven even after the fuel cell 10 is stopped by using the power of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the fuel cell 10 provided in the fuel cell system 100.
- FIG. 2 for convenience, only one arbitrary unit cell 11 of the fuel cell 10 is illustrated, and the other unit cell 11 is not illustrated.
- FIG. 2 shows the gas pipes 31, 41, 51, 61 connected to the fuel cell 10.
- FIG. 2 shows an arrow G indicating the direction of gravity when the fuel cell 10 is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle, a broken arrow indicating a gas flow in the single cell 11 during power generation, and a moisture movement path. A solid line arrow is shown.
- a single cell 11 of the fuel cell 10 includes a membrane electrode assembly 5 in which first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are disposed on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane 1.
- the electrolyte membrane 1 can be made of, for example, a fluorine ion exchange resin, and exhibits good proton conductivity in a wet state.
- the first and second electrodes 2 and 3 are coated with a catalyst ink, which is a solution in which conductive particles carrying a catalyst such as platinum and the same type or similar electrolyte as the electrolyte membrane 1 are mixed and dispersed.
- a catalyst ink which is a solution in which conductive particles carrying a catalyst such as platinum and the same type or similar electrolyte as the electrolyte membrane 1 are mixed and dispersed.
- first and second gas flow paths 12 and 13 are flow path grooves formed on the separator surface, and flow path members such as expanded metal disposed between the separator and the electrodes 2 and 3, It is good also as what is comprised by porous members, such as carbon fiber arrange
- the fuel cell 10 has supply manifolds M1 and M3 for supplying the reaction gas to each power generator 11, and discharge manifolds M2 and M4 for discharging the exhaust gas of each single cell 11. Yes.
- the supply manifolds M1 and M3 and the discharge manifolds M2 and M4 are arranged so as to face each other across the region where the membrane electrode assembly 5 is arranged in each single cell 11, and each is connected via the communication path 14.
- the first and second gas passages 12 and 13 are connected to the inlets or outlets. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the supply manifold M1 is connected to the inlet of the first gas passage 12 and to the cathode gas pipe 31.
- the discharge manifold M2 is connected to the outlet of the first gas flow path 12 and to the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41.
- the supply manifold M3 is connected to the inlet of the second gas flow path 13 and to the anode gas pipe 51.
- the discharge manifold M4 is connected to the outlet of the second gas flow path 13 and is connected to the anode exhaust gas pipe 61.
- the first electrode 2 is also referred to as “cathode 2”, and the first gas flow path 12 is also referred to as “cathode gas flow path 12”.
- the second electrode 3 is also referred to as “anode 3”, and the second gas flow path 13 is also referred to as “anode gas flow path 13”.
- the membrane electrode assembly 5 is disposed, and the first and second gas flow paths 12, 13 sandwiched between the supply manifolds M1, M3 and the discharge manifolds M2, M4 are provided. The area including this is called “power generation part GA”.
- the fuel cell 10 is configured such that the arrangement of the supply manifold M1 and the discharge manifold M2 for the cathode 2 and the arrangement of the supply manifold M3 and the discharge manifold M4 for the anode 3 are reversed.
- the fuel cell 10 includes a cathode of the power generation unit GA to which the supply manifold M1 is connected, the cathode 2 side inlet of the power generation unit GA is on the lower side in the gravity direction, and the cathode of the power generation unit GA to which the discharge manifold M2 is connected. It arrange
- the water generated at the cathode 2 moves to the anode 3 side through the electrolyte membrane 1.
- the amount of moisture on the downstream side of the cathode gas flow path 12 is large, so that the amount of moisture that moves from the cathode 2 side to the anode 3 side increases toward the upstream side of the anode gas flow path 13.
- the amount of water tends to decrease on the upstream side of the cathode gas flow channel 12, on the downstream side of the anode gas flow channel 13, on the contrary, the water that moves from the anode 3 side to the cathode 2 side. The amount increases.
- after the operation of the fuel cell 10 means a state after the driver stops the operation of the vehicle (so-called ignition off state). It means a state where output of electric power according to a request from the driver is stopped.
- the inventor of the present invention has found that even if the fuel cell 10 is purged for a sufficient time, moisture that cannot be completely discharged remains in the fuel cell 10. And it discovered that the freezing of such a residual water
- FIG. 3 is a graph obtained by the experiment of the inventors of the present invention, and is a graph showing the time change of the pressure loss in the cathode gas flow path 12 when purging is performed in the fuel cell 10 after the operation is stopped.
- the inventor of the present invention after generating power in the fuel cell 10, carried out the purge on the cathode side of the fuel cell 10 twice at intervals, and measured the time change of the pressure loss in the cathode gas flow path 12. .
- the fuel cell 10 was arranged so that the supply manifold M1 on the cathode side was on the lower side in the gravity direction and the discharge manifold M2 was on the upper side in the gravity direction.
- the moisture change from the fuel cell 10 was confirmed by measuring the change in the weight of the fuel cell 10 before and after the execution of the purge.
- the solid line graph G 1 shows the time change of the pressure loss when the purge gas is supplied from the supply manifold M1 (that is, when the purge gas flows in the direction opposite to the gravity direction in the power generation unit GA).
- the broken line graph G 2 shows the change over time in pressure loss when the purge gas is supplied from the discharge manifold M2 (that is, when the purge gas is caused to flow along the direction of gravity in the power generation unit GA).
- the purge was started at time t 0 , and the purge was temporarily stopped at time t 1 . Then, it resumed purge at time t 2.
- the pressure loss temporarily increased to the peak value P 1 at the initial stage, and then rapidly decreased and converged to a certain value Pc.
- the temporary increase in pressure loss at the peak value P 1 in the first purge is caused by the fact that the moisture on the cathode side was pushed out by the purge gas at one time. Further, the subsequent convergence of the pressure loss to the convergence value Pc indicates that most of the water that inhibits the flow of the par ratio gas has been discharged.
- the pressure loss indicated by the solid line graph G 1 temporarily increases to a peak value P 2 (P 2 ⁇ P 1 ) smaller than the first peak value P 1 at the initial stage. After that, it converged again to the convergence value Pc. However, during the second purge, the discharge of moisture to the outside of the fuel cell 10 as in the first purge was not detected.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic views schematically showing the inside of the fuel cell 10 when purge gas is flowed from the supply manifold M1.
- 4 (A) and 4 (B) respectively show the movement of moisture M in the schematic diagram of the fuel cell 10 similar to FIG.
- FIG. 4A shows the internal state of the fuel cell 10 immediately after the completion of the first purge
- FIG. 4B shows the internal state of the fuel cell 10 at the start of the second purge execution. Is shown.
- the purge process execution unit 21 executes the purge process described below, so that such residual moisture is reduced to a relatively small amount of energy consumption. And surely reduce it.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a purge process executed after the operation of the fuel cell 10 is completed.
- the purge process execution unit 21 performs an outside air temperature determination for determining whether or not there is a need for a purge. Specifically, when the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 80 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, 10 ° C.), the purge processing execution unit 21 reaches the freezing point and the inside of the fuel cell 10 It is determined that purging is necessary because water may freeze.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 10 ° C.
- the purge process execution unit 21 ends the purge process without starting the purge when it is determined in step S10 that the outside air temperature is high and the necessity for the purge is low. As a result, when the outside air temperature is high and the possibility of freezing inside the fuel cell 10 is low, it is possible to prevent the purge from being performed unnecessarily.
- the purge processing execution unit 21 determines in step S10 that the necessity for purging is high, the purge processing execution unit 21 starts purging the flow path on the cathode side of the fuel cell 10 in step S20. Specifically, the purge processing execution unit 21 opens the supply valve 34 and the discharge valve 43 and drives the air compressor 32 to circulate compressed air as purge gas from the cathode gas pipe 31 to the fuel cell 10. .
- the purge process execution unit 21 continues the purge in step S20 until a predetermined time (for example, about several seconds to several tens of seconds) elapses (step S30).
- the purge process execution unit 21 may also execute the purge on the anode side of the fuel cell 10 at the same time. More specifically, by driving the hydrogen circulation pump 64 in a state where the supply of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank 52 is stopped, the hydrogen remaining in the system and the inert gas are circulated, and the fuel cell. The 10 anode sides may be purged.
- the purge process execution unit 21 executes a residual water discharge process for discharging water remaining in the fuel cell 10 without being discharged by the purges in steps S20 and S30. Specifically, it is as follows.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C are schematic diagrams for explaining the residual water discharge process in steps S60 to S60.
- 6A to 6C schematically show the internal state of the fuel cell 10 in the order of steps when the residual water discharge process is executed.
- the fuel cell 10 is shown by a schematic diagram similar to FIG. Further, in FIGS. 6A to 6C, the supply valve 34 and the discharge valve 43 are additionally shown.
- step S40 the fuel cell 10 is sealed while leaving a predetermined pressure inside the fuel cell 10. Specifically, after closing the discharge valve 43 of the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41, the air compressor 32 that has been driven for purging is stopped, and the supply valve 34 of the cathode gas pipe 31 is closed.
- step S50 the moisture M that has moved to the downstream side of the cathode gas passage 12 while the internal pressure of the fuel cell 10 remains high for a predetermined time moves to the upstream side (downward in the direction of gravity).
- the standby time in step S50 is preferably a time sufficient for the moisture M to move upstream of the cathode gas flow path 12, and specifically, for example, about several seconds to several minutes. It is good as a thing.
- step S60 the supply valve 34 of the cathode gas pipe 31 is opened, and the compressed air in the cathode gas passage 12 of the fuel cell 10 is caused to flow out to the cathode gas pipe 31 (FIG. 6C). Due to the flow of air to the cathode gas pipe 31 due to the release of the pressure, the water M staying on the upstream side of the cathode gas passage 12 is supplied at least through the communication passage 14 outside the power generation unit GA. Move to manifold M1. In order to prevent the supply valve 34 from freezing, it is preferable that the moisture M is limited to movement up to the front of the supply valve 34 at the maximum.
- step S70 the purge processing execution unit 21 stands by with the supply valve 34 open for a predetermined time (for example, about 1 to several seconds) until the residual moisture is discharged to the outside of the power generation unit GA.
- step S80 the supply valve 34 is closed and the purge process is terminated.
- the water discharged from the power generation unit GA by the residual water discharge process remains in the supply manifold M1 and the cathode gas pipe 31.
- the purge since the purge is executed in steps S20 and S30 before the residual water discharge process, the amount of water discharged by the residual water discharge process is the supply manifold M1 or the cathode gas pipe. Not enough to cause 31 blockages.
- FIG. 7 is a graph obtained by the experiment of the inventors of the present invention, and is a graph showing the amount of water discharged by the residual water discharging process.
- the inventor of the present invention executes the above-described residual water discharge process after purging the fuel cell 10 after the operation is stopped, and measures the amount of waste water discharged from the power generation unit GA in the residual water discharge process. (Bar graph A).
- the purging of the previous stage of the residual water discharge process is performed until the purge gas is supplied from the supply manifold M1 in the power generation unit GA so that the purge gas flows in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity, and the discharge of moisture is not detected. went.
- the internal pressure of the fuel cell 10 was maintained at 200 kPa (abs) and waited for 60 seconds, and then the pressure was released to reduce the internal pressure of the fuel cell 10 to 100 kPa (abs).
- the inventor of the present invention measured the amount of drainage when the second purge was performed for 60 seconds with the purge gas flow reversed in the purged fuel cell 10 ( Bar graph B). Furthermore, the inventor of the present invention measured the amount of drainage when the discharge valve 43 of the cathode exhaust pipe 41 was opened and the pressure was released upward in the direction of gravity as the residual water discharge treatment (bar graph C). The residual water discharge process of the bar graph C was performed under the same conditions as the residual water discharge process of the bar graph A, except that the discharge valve 43 was opened.
- the bar graph A it is possible to discharge the moisture of the power generation unit GA that has not been discharged by the first purge to the outside of the power generation unit GA by executing the residual water discharge process once. Further, the amount of drainage indicated by the bar graph A was about half of the amount of drainage (bar graph B) when the purge gas was allowed to flow along the direction of gravity in the power generation unit GA. Was a sufficient amount. Further, the amount of drainage indicated by the bar graph A was more than double the amount of drainage (bar graph C) when the residual moisture was discharged by releasing the pressure in the opposite direction to the gravity direction.
- the remaining water discharge process with a small energy consumption is performed once together with the purge, thereby generating the power generation unit GA of the fuel cell 10.
- Moisture remaining in the water is surely moved to the outside. Therefore, it is efficiently suppressed that the startability of the fuel cell 10 is reduced due to such freezing of residual moisture.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the purge process according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is substantially the same as FIG. 5 except that step S60A is provided instead of step S60 and step S85 is added.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system of the second embodiment is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment (FIG. 1).
- step S60A the discharge valve 43 of the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41 is opened (step S60A), and the pressure in the fuel cell 10 is released to the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41. Execute the process of draining upward in the direction of gravity. Then, after this residual water treatment is repeated a predetermined number of times, the purge processing is terminated (step S85).
- the residual water discharge process even if the discharge valve 43 is opened and the pressure of the fuel cell 10 is released to the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41 on the upper side in the gravity direction, It is possible to drain moisture (bar graph C). However, the amount of drainage in this case is smaller than the amount of drainage (bar graph A) when the supply valve 34 is opened and the pressure of the fuel cell 10 is released to the cathode gas pipe 31 on the lower side in the gravity direction. Therefore, in the fuel cell system of the second embodiment, the residual water inside the fuel cell 10 is reliably reduced by repeatedly executing the residual water discharge process a plurality of times.
- the retained water inside the fuel cell 10 can be reliably reduced as in the first embodiment. Further, in the case of the fuel cell system of the second embodiment, moisture is discharged to the outlet side of the power generation unit GA by the residual water discharge process. It is discharged from the pipe 41 and is efficient.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system 100B as a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows that the impedance measuring unit 81 is connected to the fuel cell 10, the function as the remaining water amount detecting unit 22, and the function as the freeze prevention process executing unit 23 are added to the control unit 20. Is substantially the same as FIG.
- the impedance measuring unit 81 detects the resistance of each single cell 11 in the fuel cell 10 after operation stop by the alternating current impedance method, and outputs it to the control unit 20.
- the residual water amount detection unit 22 uses the measurement result of the impedance measurement unit 81 using the relationship between the resistance of each single cell 11 prepared in advance and the amount of moisture present inside each single cell 11, and The amount of water present inside each single cell 11 is detected.
- the freeze prevention process execution unit 23 executes a freeze prevention process (described later) for preventing the fuel cell 10 from freezing.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the purge process executed at the end of the operation of the fuel cell 10 in the fuel cell system 100B of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is substantially the same as FIG. 5 except that the determination process in step S15 and the freeze prevention process in step S90 are added.
- step S10 the purge process execution unit 21 performs an outside air temperature determination as a first determination process for determining whether or not the purge of the fuel cell 10 can be performed. Specifically, as described in the first embodiment, based on the current outside air temperature, it is determined whether or not the outside air temperature may reach a freezing point. If it is determined in step S10 that the outside air temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature and the possibility of reaching the freezing point is low, the purge process execution unit 21 performs the purge process without performing the purge on the fuel cell 10. Exit.
- step S10 When it is determined in step S10 that the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature and the possibility of reaching the freezing point is high, the purge process execution unit 21 determines whether or not purge can be performed in step S15. 2 determination processing is executed.
- step S15 it is determined whether or not purge can be performed based on the amount of water remaining in the fuel cell 10.
- the purge processing execution unit 21 uses the water amount inside each single cell 11 detected by the residual water amount detection unit 22 to determine whether or not there is a water amount larger than a predetermined amount in each single cell 11, that is, by purging. It is determined whether there is a water amount that can be discharged. Specifically, the purge processing execution unit 21 may determine that the necessity for purging is high, for example, when a water amount of a predetermined amount or more is detected in at least one single cell 11.
- the purge process execution unit 21 determines in step S15 that the fuel cell 10 has a water amount that can be discharged by the purge, the purge process execution unit 21 performs the purge of the fuel cell 10 in steps S20 and S30. Then, after the purges in steps S20 and S30, the residual water discharge process similar to that described in the first embodiment is performed, and the purge process is terminated (steps S40 to S80).
- the purge processing execution unit 21 causes the freezing prevention processing execution unit 23 to perform the freezing in step S90 without performing the purge. Start the prevention process.
- the anti-freezing process in step S90 suppresses the occurrence of freezing that reduces the startability of the fuel cell 10 inside the fuel cell 10 when the outside air temperature reaches a freezing point while the fuel cell 10 is not operating. Process.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the freeze prevention processing.
- the gas diffusion path is frozen in the power generation unit GA by freezing.
- this anti-freezing process by performing a residual water discharge process similar to that performed in the purge process, moisture that may block the gas diffusion path in the power generation unit GA is removed from the power generation unit GA. And the occurrence of freezing in the power generation unit GA is suppressed.
- the freeze prevention processing execution unit 23 periodically detects the outside air temperature with the outside air temperature sensor 80 until the operation of the fuel cell 10 is resumed (steps S100 and S110). Then, when the outside air temperature reaches below freezing point, or when it falls to a temperature about several degrees Celsius higher than freezing point, the processing after step S120 is executed, and when the start request of the fuel cell 10 is detected, The freeze prevention process is terminated.
- step S120 the freeze prevention processing execution unit 23 starts sealing compressed air into the fuel cell 10. Specifically, the freeze prevention processing execution unit 23 opens the supply valve 34 of the cathode gas pipe 31 and drives the air compressor 32 while the discharge valve 43 of the cathode exhaust gas pipe 41 is closed. When it is detected in step S130 that the internal pressure of the fuel cell 10 has reached a predetermined pressure, the freeze prevention process execution unit 23 executes the remaining water discharge process in steps S140 to S160.
- step S140 the freeze prevention processing execution unit 23 stops driving the air compressor 32, closes the supply valve 34, and seals the fuel cell 10. In steps S120 to S140, it is desirable to drive the air compressor 32 with energy smaller than the energy used when purging.
- step S150 the process waits for a predetermined time while maintaining the internal pressure of the fuel cell 10.
- step S160 the supply valve 34 is opened, the pressure is released to the cathode gas pipe 31, and the moisture in the power generation unit GA is moved to the supply manifold M1.
- the freeze prevention process execution unit 23 closes the supply valve 34 (steps S170 and S180) when a predetermined time (for example, about several seconds) has elapsed from the release of the pressure in step S160, and ends the freeze prevention process.
- the purge and the residual water discharge process are executed, and the amount is less than the predetermined amount. If only moisture is present, only residual water discharge processing is performed. Accordingly, it is possible to reliably reduce the amount of water present in the fuel cell 10 after the operation is stopped while suppressing the system efficiency from being lowered due to the useless purging. Can be efficiently suppressed.
- the fuel cell 10 is arranged with the supply manifold M1 on the cathode side on the lower side in the gravity direction and the discharge manifold M2 on the upper side in the gravity direction.
- the fuel cell 10 is not limited to this arrangement direction, and may be arranged in another arrangement direction.
- Modification 2 In the above embodiment, in the purge before the residual water discharge process, the compressed air that is the purge gas is caused to flow in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity in the power generation unit GA. However, in the purge before the residual water discharge process, the purge gas may flow along the direction of gravity in the power generation unit GA. Even in this case, it is possible to move the moisture not discharged by the purge to the outside of the power generation unit GA by executing the residual water discharge process after the purge is executed.
- step S10 whether or not purge can be performed is determined based on the outside air temperature. However, whether or not purge can be executed may be executed based on other criteria. For example, the determination may be made based on the amount of water remaining in the fuel cell 10 after the operation is stopped, or based on the history of the operating state of the fuel cell 10 such as the amount of power generated during the operation of the fuel cell 10 It is good to do.
- the purge process execution unit 21 detects the amount of water remaining in the fuel cell 10 based on the measurement value of the impedance measurement unit 10.
- the purge processing execution unit 21 may detect the amount of water remaining in the fuel cell 10 by another method.
- the purge processing execution unit 21 may calculate the amount of water inside the fuel cell 10 based on the amount of generated water based on the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 10 and the amount of liquid water discharged from the fuel cell 10. good.
- the residual water discharge process is performed to open the supply valve 34 and release the pressure to the supply manifold M1.
- the discharge valve 43 may be opened to release the pressure to the discharge manifold M2.
- Discharge valve 44 Pressure measurement Reference numeral 50 ... Anode gas supply system 51 ... Anode gas pipe 52 ... Hydrogen tank 53 ... Open / close valve 54 ... Regulator 55 ... Hydrogen supply device 56 ... Pressure measuring part 60 ... Anode gas circulation discharge system 61 ... Anode exhaust gas pipe 62 ... Gas-liquid separation 63: Anode gas circulation pipe 64: Hydrogen circulation pump 65 ... Anode drain pipe 66 ... Drain valve 67 ... Pressure measurement unit 70 ... Refrigerant circulation supply system 71 ... Refrigerant pipe 71a ... Upstream side pipe 71b ... Downstream side pipe 71c ... Bypass pipe 72 ... Radiator 73 ... Three-way valve 75 ...
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Abstract
Description
燃料電池システムであって、供給ガスマニホールドと、排出ガスマニホールドと、前記供給ガスマニホールドと前記排出ガスマニホールドとに接続されたガス流路が配置された発電部と、を有する燃料電池と、前記供給ガスマニホールドにガスを流入させるガス供給部と、前記供給ガスマニホールドを封止可能な供給バルブと、前記排出ガスマニホールドを封止可能な排出バルブと、前記燃料電池の運転停止後に、前記供給バルブおよび前記排出バルブを閉じ、前記ガス供給部からのガスを前記燃料電池内に所定の圧力で封止して、所定の時間待機した後に、前記供給バルブまたは前記排出バルブを開き、前記発電部の前記ガス流路に残留している水分を、前記供給ガスマニホールドまたは前記排出ガスマニホールドへと移動させる、残留水分排出処理を実行する制御部と、を備える、燃料電池システム。
この燃料電池システムによれば、発電部のガス流路に滞留している水分を、燃料電池からの圧力放出を利用して、その外部へと移動させることができる。従って、燃料電池の発電部のガス流路における残留水分を、簡易な方法で、効率的に低減することができ、低温環境下における残留水分の凍結による燃料電池の起動性の低下を抑制できる。
適用例1記載の燃料電池システムであって、前記燃料電池は、前記ガス流路の上流側が重力方向下側となり、前記ガス流路の下流側が重力方向上側となるように、前記供給ガスマニホールドを重力方向下側とし、前記排出ガスマニホールドを重力方向上側として配置されており、前記残留水分排出処理は、前記供給バルブを開き、前記発電部の前記ガス流路に残留している水分を、前記供給ガスマニホールドに移動させる処理である、燃料電池システム。
この燃料電池システムによれば、残留水分排出処理において、水分に対する重力の作用を利用して、水分を、発電部のガス流路から外部へと、より確実に移動させることができる。
適用例1または2記載の燃料電池システムであって、前記制御部は、前記燃料電池の運転停止後に、前記ガス供給部からのガスによって、前記燃料電池内部を掃気する掃気処理を実行し、前記掃気処理を実行した後に、前記残留水分排出処理を実行する、燃料電池システム。
この燃料電池システムであれば、掃気処理によって排出しきれなかった発電部のガス流路に残留する水分を、残留水分排出処理によって、外部へと移動させることができ、発電部のガス経路が水分の凍結により閉塞されてしまうことを抑制できる。
適用例3記載の燃料電池システムであって、さらに、運転停止時に前記燃料電池内部に残留している水分量を検出する水分量検出部を備え、前記制御部は、前記水分量に応じて、(i)前記掃気処理と、前記残留水分排出処理の両方を実行するか、または、(ii)前記掃気処理を実行することなく前記残留水分排出処理を実行するか、を決定する、燃料電池システム。
この燃料電池システムによれば、燃料電池内部に残留している水分量に応じて、適切な処理が選択されるため、無駄に掃気処理が実行されることが抑制され、システム効率が向上する。
適用例1から4のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムであって、前記制御部は、前記残留水分排出処理を複数回繰り返して実行する、燃料電池システム。
この燃料電池システムであれば、発電部のガス流路に残留している水分を、残留水分排出処理によって、より確実に低減させることができる。
供給ガスマニホールドと、排出ガスマニホールドと、前記供給ガスマニホールドと前記排出ガスマニホールドとに接続されたガス流路が配置された発電部と、を有する燃料電池を備える、燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
(a)前記燃料電池の運転停止後に、前記供給ガスマニホールドと前記排出ガスマニホールドとを封止し、前記燃料電池内を所定の圧力に保持して、所定の時間待機する工程と、
(b)前記供給ガスマニホールドまたは前記排出ガスマニホールドを開放し、前記発電部の前記ガス流路に残留している水分を、前記供給ガスマニホールドまたは前記排出ガスマニホールドへと移動させる工程と、
を備える、制御方法。
この燃料電池システムの制御方法であれば、エネルギー消費量の比較的少ない方法によって、燃料電池の発電部のガス流路に残留している水分を、確実に低減させることができる。
図1は本発明の一実施例としての燃料電池システムの構成を示す概略図である。この燃料電池システム100は、燃料電池車両に搭載され、運転者からの要求に応じて、駆動力として用いられる電力を出力する。燃料電池システム100は、燃料電池10と、制御部20と、カソードガス供給系30と、カソードガス排出系40と、アノードガス供給系50と、アノードガス循環排出系60と、冷媒循環供給系70とを備える。
図8は本発明の第2実施例としてのパージ処理の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。図8はステップS60に換えて、ステップS60Aが設けられている点と、ステップS85が追加されている点以外は、図5とほぼ同じである。なお、第2実施例の燃料電池システムの構成は、第1実施例の燃料電池システム100と同様である(図1)。
図9は、本発明の第3実施例としての燃料電池システム100Bの構成を示す概略図である。図9は、燃料電池10にインピーダンス計測部81が接続されている点と、制御部20に残水量検出部22としての機能と、凍結防止処理実行部23としての機能が追加されている点以外は、図1とほぼ同じである。
なお、この発明は上記の実施例や実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能であり、例えば次のような変形も可能である。
上記実施例では、燃料電池10は、カソード側の供給用マニホールドM1を重力方向下側とし、排出用マニホールドM2を重力方向上側として配置されていた。しかし、燃料電池10は、この配置方向に限定されることなく、他の配置方向で配置されるものとしても良い。
上記実施例では、残水排出処理の前のパージでは、パージガスである圧縮空気を、発電部GAにおいて重力方向とは逆の方向に流してしていた。しかし、残水排出処理の前のパージでは、パージガスを、発電部GAにおいて重力方向に沿って流すものとしても良い。この場合でも、パージの実行後に、残水排出処理を実行することにより、パージにより排出されなかった水分を、発電部GAの外部へと移動させることが可能である。
上記実施例では、燃料電池10のカソード側に対して残水排出処理を実行していた。しかし、残水排出処理は、燃料電池10のアノード側に対して実行されるものとしても良い。
上記第1実施例では、ステップS10において、パージの実行可否を外気温に基づいて判定していた。しかし、パージの実行可否は、他の判定基準によって実行されるものとしても良い。例えば、運転停止後の燃料電池10の内部に残留している水分量を基準として判定するものとしても良いし、燃料電池10の運転中における発電量など、燃料電池10の運転状態の履歴によって判定するものとしても良い。
上記第2実施例では、排出バルブ43を開いてカソード排ガス配管41へと燃料電池10の圧力を開放する残水排出処理を複数回繰り返して実行していた。しかし、上記第2実施例では、供給バルブ34を開いてカソードガス配管31へと燃料電池10の圧力を開放する、第1実施例と同様な残水排出処理を複数回繰り返して実行するものとしても良い。
上記第3実施例では、パージ処理実行部21は、インピーダンス計測部10の計測値に基づいて、燃料電池10の内部に残留している水分量を検出していた。しかし、パージ処理実行部21は、他の方法によって燃料電池10の内部に残留している水分量を検出するものとしても良い。例えば、パージ処理実行部21は、燃料電池10の発電量に基づく生成水量と、燃料電池10からの液水の排出量とに基づいて、燃料電池10の内部の水分量を算出するものとしても良い。
上記第3実施例では、供給バルブ34を開き、供給用マニホールドM1へと圧力を開放する残水排出処理を実行していた。しかし、第3実施例の残水排出処理では、第2実施例のように、排出バルブ43を開き、排出用マニホールドM2へと圧力を開放するものとしても良い。また、上記第3実施例では、第2実施例のように、残水排出処理を複数回繰り返して実行するものとしても良い。
2…カソード(第1の電極)
3…アノード(第2の電極)
5…膜電極接合体
10…インピーダンス計測部
10…燃料電池
11…単セル
12…カソードガス流路
13…アノードガス流路
14…連通路
20…制御部
21…パージ処理実行部
22…残水量検出部
23…凍結防止処理実行部
30…カソードガス供給系
31…カソードガス配管
32…エアコンプレッサ
33…エアフロメータ
34…供給バルブ
40…カソードガス排出系
41…カソード排ガス配管
43…排出バルブ
44…圧力計測部
50…アノードガス供給系
51…アノードガス配管
52…水素タンク
53…開閉弁
54…レギュレータ
55…水素供給装置
56…圧力計測部
60…アノードガス循環排出系
61…アノード排ガス配管
62…気液分離部
63…アノードガス循環配管
64…水素循環用ポンプ
65…アノード排水配管
66…排水弁
67…圧力計測部
70…冷媒循環供給系
71…冷媒用配管
71a…上流側配管
71b…下流側配管
71c…バイパス配管
72…ラジエータ
73…三方弁
75…冷媒循環用ポンプ
76a,76b…冷媒温度計測部
80…外気温センサ
81…インピーダンス計測部
100,100B…燃料電池システム
GA…発電部
M…水分
M1…供給用マニホールド
M2…排出用マニホールド
M3…供給用マニホールド
M4…排出用マニホールド
Claims (6)
- 燃料電池システムであって、
供給ガスマニホールドと、排出ガスマニホールドと、前記供給ガスマニホールドと前記排出ガスマニホールドとに接続されたガス流路が配置された発電部と、を有する燃料電池と、
前記供給ガスマニホールドにガスを流入させるガス供給部と、
前記供給ガスマニホールドを封止可能な供給バルブと、
前記排出ガスマニホールドを封止可能な排出バルブと、
前記燃料電池の運転停止後に、前記供給バルブおよび前記排出バルブを閉じ、前記ガス供給部からのガスを前記燃料電池内に所定の圧力で封止して、所定の時間待機した後に、前記供給バルブまたは前記排出バルブを開き、前記発電部の前記ガス流路に残留している水分を、前記供給ガスマニホールドまたは前記排出ガスマニホールドへと移動させる、残留水分排出処理を実行する制御部と、
を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池は、前記ガス流路の上流側が重力方向下側となり、前記ガス流路の下流側が重力方向上側となるように、前記供給ガスマニホールドを重力方向下側とし、前記排出ガスマニホールドを重力方向上側として配置されており、
前記残留水分排出処理は、前記供給バルブを開き、前記発電部の前記ガス流路に残留している水分を、前記供給ガスマニホールドに移動させる処理である、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1または2記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池の運転停止後に、前記ガス供給部からのガスによって、前記燃料電池内部を掃気する掃気処理を実行し、
前記掃気処理を実行した後に、前記残留水分排出処理を実行する、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3記載の燃料電池システムであって、さらに、
運転停止時に前記燃料電池内部に残留している水分量を検出する水分量検出部を備え、
前記制御部は、前記水分量に応じて、(i)前記掃気処理と、前記残留水分排出処理の両方を実行するか、または、(ii)前記掃気処理を実行することなく前記残留水分排出処理を実行するか、を決定する、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記残留水分排出処理を複数回繰り返して実行する、燃料電池システム。 - 供給ガスマニホールドと、排出ガスマニホールドと、前記供給ガスマニホールドと前記排出ガスマニホールドとに接続されたガス流路が配置された発電部と、を有する燃料電池を備える、燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
(a)前記燃料電池の運転停止後に、前記供給ガスマニホールドと前記排出ガスマニホールドとを封止し、前記燃料電池内を所定の圧力に保持して、所定の時間待機する工程と、
(b)前記供給ガスマニホールドまたは前記排出ガスマニホールドを開放し、前記発電部の前記ガス流路に残留している水分を、前記供給ガスマニホールドまたは前記排出ガスマニホールドへと移動させる工程と、
を備える、制御方法。
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