WO2013125021A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013125021A1 WO2013125021A1 PCT/JP2012/054519 JP2012054519W WO2013125021A1 WO 2013125021 A1 WO2013125021 A1 WO 2013125021A1 JP 2012054519 W JP2012054519 W JP 2012054519W WO 2013125021 A1 WO2013125021 A1 WO 2013125021A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery having good battery characteristics and an electrode that can constitute the lithium ion secondary battery.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are being rapidly developed as batteries for use in portable electronic devices and hybrid vehicles.
- a carbon material is mainly used as the negative electrode active material, and metal oxides, metal sulfides, various polymers, and the like are used as the positive electrode active material.
- lithium composite oxides such as lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, and lithium manganate can be used as a positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries because they can realize high energy density and high voltage batteries. It has been.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose techniques for incorporating oxide particles in the active material layer (mixture layer) of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the lithium ion secondary battery for example, it is conceivable to improve the lithium ion conductivity in the battery.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 by adopting the above-described configuration, in addition, it is described that lithium ion conductivity of a SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) film formed on the electrode surface can be improved.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- Patent Document 4 when an inorganic powder such as oxide particles is contained in the negative electrode, the wettability with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte is reduced, so that lithium ions to the negative electrode active material layer are reduced. It has been pointed out that the entry of is blocked. And in patent document 4, in order to avoid such a problem, using the inorganic powder contained in a negative electrode by surface-treating with a higher fatty acid or its metal salt is proposed.
- This invention is made
- the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention that has achieved the above object comprises a scale-like metal oxide particle having a new Mohs hardness of 9.0 or more, an active material particle capable of occluding and releasing Li, and a resin binder. It has the electrode mixture layer containing.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a separator, and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode is an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention. It is characterized by this.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a lithium ion secondary battery having good battery characteristics and an electrode that can constitute the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “electrode”) has an electrode mixture layer containing metal oxide particles, active material particles capable of occluding and releasing Li, and a resin binder.
- the electrode mixture layer has, for example, a structure formed on one side or both sides of the current collector.
- the electrode of the present invention is used for a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the resin binder used for binding of the active material particles is solidified in the electrode mixture layer and exhibits a strong binding force.
- the resin binder is tightly bound, a part where the nonaqueous electrolyte path (passage) is not secured is generated in the electrode mixture layer, or the resin binder is a specific part.
- the resin binder may be biased in a micro range within the electrode mixture layer, which may be an inhibiting factor for lithium ion diffusion in the electrode mixture layer.
- the electrode of the present invention contains scaly metal oxide particles in the electrode mixture layer, whereby at least a part of the scaly metal oxide particles is made of a resin binder in the electrode mixture layer. It comes to exist inside. As a result, the resinous binder will not be hardened at a specific location and will be bound with a large number of voids, so that a small amount of the resinous binder will be evenly present in the electrode mixture layer. Become. For this reason, in the electrode of the present invention, the path of the nonaqueous electrolyte is satisfactorily formed in the electrode mixture layer, so that the diffusibility of lithium ions is improved. Therefore, in the lithium ion secondary battery using the electrode of the present invention (the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention), the battery characteristics including the load characteristics are more excellent.
- the metal oxide particles contained in the electrode mixture layer have a scaly shape, so that the function as a support for the resin binder is enhanced, or the effect of suppressing expansion and contraction of the resin binder is improved. Therefore, in the electrode of the present invention, even if the active material particles expand and contract as the battery is charged and discharged, the expansion and contraction of the entire electrode mixture layer can be suppressed. Therefore, in the lithium ion secondary battery using the electrode of the present invention (lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention), for example, improvement of charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be expected.
- the electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured through the process of apply
- coating on the electrical power collector the composition for electrode mixture layer formation prepared by disperse
- shear stress or the like is applied to its constituent components. Therefore, when scale-like metal oxide particles are used for the preparation of the electrode mixture layer forming composition, there is a possibility that the scale-like shape cannot be maintained due to cracking, and contains such metal oxide particles. In an electrode having an electrode mixture layer, the above-mentioned effect may not be ensured satisfactorily.
- the metal in the process is used.
- the shape change of the oxide particles is suppressed as much as possible, so that the above-described effects of the metal oxide particles can be exhibited satisfactorily.
- scale-like metal oxide particles examples include ⁇ -aluminum oxide particles, tetragonal or cubic zirconium oxide particles, and particles obtained by stabilizing these metal oxides with a stabilizer.
- the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and yttrium oxide. At least one stabilizer is preferred. Furthermore, the addition amount of the stabilizer in the stabilized metal oxide is preferably 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- scale-like metal oxide particles only one of the above examples may be used, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the aspect ratio D / t represented by the ratio of the maximum diameter D ( ⁇ m) in the surface direction to the thickness t ( ⁇ m) is preferably 4 or more, More preferably, it is 6 or more.
- the aspect ratio of the scale-like metal oxide particles is preferably 30 or less, and more preferably 20 or less.
- the average value of the maximum diameter D ( ⁇ m) in the plane direction is 0.1 ⁇ m or more. It is preferable that it is 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the average value of the maximum diameter D ( ⁇ m) in the surface direction of the scaly metal oxide particles is It is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the aspect ratio of the scale-like metal oxide particles referred to in this specification is the maximum diameter D in the plane direction (the largest area in the particles) measured for 50 particles by observing the particles with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). (Average length obtained by dividing the sum of the maximum diameters D in the surface direction of 50 particles by the number of particles 50)) ( ⁇ m) , A value calculated from an average value of thickness t ( ⁇ m) measured for 50 particles (an average value obtained by dividing the total value of thicknesses t of 50 particles by the number of particles 50). .
- the average value of the maximum diameter D ( ⁇ m) in the surface direction of the scale-like metal oxide particles referred to in this specification means the average value of the maximum diameter D in the surface direction used for the calculation of the aspect ratio. Yes.
- scale-like metal oxide particles for example, commercially available products can be used, and particles formed in a shape other than scale-like (spherical shape) may be used.
- the content of the scale-like metal oxide particles in the electrode mixture layer is contained in the electrode mixture layer from the viewpoint of better ensuring the effect of using the scale-like metal oxide particles.
- the amount is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material particles.
- the content of the scale-like metal oxide particles in the electrode mixture layer is preferably 2 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the active material particles contained in the electrode mixture layer, and 1.5 masses. It is more preferable that the amount is not more than parts.
- the active material particles include active material particles used for a negative electrode of a conventionally known lithium ion secondary battery, that is, Li. Active material particles that can be occluded and released can be used. Specific examples of such active material particles include, for example, graphite [natural graphite; artificial carbon obtained by graphitizing graphitized carbon such as pyrolytic carbons, mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB), carbon fibers, etc. at 2800 ° C. or higher.
- Graphite; etc. pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, fired bodies of organic polymer compounds, MCMB, carbon fibers, activated carbon and other carbon materials; metals that can be alloyed with lithium (Si, Sn, etc.) And particles containing these metals (alloys, oxides, etc.).
- these active material particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode active materials in order to increase the capacity of the battery, in particular, a material containing Si and O as constituent elements (provided that the atomic ratio x of O to Si is 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5
- the material is preferably referred to as “SiO x ”.
- the SiO x may contain Si microcrystal or amorphous phase.
- the atomic ratio of Si and O is a ratio including Si microcrystal or amorphous phase Si. That is, the SiO x includes a structure in which Si (for example, microcrystalline Si) is dispersed in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix, and is dispersed in the amorphous SiO 2 .
- SiO x has low conductivity
- the surface of SiO x may be coated with carbon, so that a conductive network in the negative electrode can be formed better.
- the carbon for covering the surface of SiO x for example, low crystalline carbon, carbon nanotube, vapor grown carbon fiber, or the like can be used.
- the hydrocarbon gas is heated in the gas phase, the carbon generated by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gas, a method of depositing on the surface of the SiO x particulate [vapor deposition (CVD) method], SiO x
- CVD vapor deposition
- the hydrocarbon-based gas spreads to every corner of the SiO x particle, and a thin and uniform film containing carbon having conductivity (carbon coating layer) on the surface of the particle and the pores of the surface.
- toluene, benzene, xylene, mesitylene and the like can be used, but toluene that is easy to handle is particularly preferable.
- a hydrocarbon-based gas can be obtained by vaporizing them (for example, bubbling with nitrogen gas).
- methane gas, ethylene gas, acetylene gas, etc. can also be used.
- the processing temperature of the CVD method is preferably 600 to 1200 ° C., for example. Further, SiO x subjected to CVD method is preferably granulated material was granulated by a known method (composite particles).
- the amount of carbon is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, with respect to SiO x : 100 parts by mass, and 95 The amount is preferably at most part by mass, more preferably at most 90 parts by mass.
- SiO x has a large volume change accompanying charging / discharging of the battery like other high-capacity negative electrode materials
- the proportion of SiO x in the total amount of the negative electrode active material is 0.5% by mass or more from the viewpoint of favorably securing a high capacity effect due to the use of SiO x.
- the content is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the active material particles include active material particles used for a positive electrode of a conventionally known lithium ion secondary battery, that is, Active material particles capable of occluding and releasing Li can be used.
- Active material particles capable of occluding and releasing Li
- Specific examples of such active material particles are represented by, for example, Li 1 + c M 1 O 2 ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, M 1 : Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Mg, etc.).
- Lithium-containing transition metal oxide having a layered structure LiMn 2 O 4 and spinel-structured lithium manganese oxide obtained by substituting some of its elements with other elements, LiM 2 PO 4 (M 2 : Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, etc. It is possible to use particles such as olivine type compounds represented by Specific examples of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide having a layered structure include LiCoO 2 and LiNi 1-d Co d e Al e O 2 (0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.3, 0.01 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.
- Electrode of the present invention is used as a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, these active material particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the active material particles when the electrode of the present invention is used as a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery and the active material particles when used as a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery have an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm or more. Preferably, it is 500 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the active material particles in the present specification is the particle diameter (when the particles are spherical) or the major axis length of 300 primary particles of the active material particles observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This is an average value obtained by determining the diameter (when the particles have a shape other than a sphere) and dividing the total value of these particle diameters by the number (300).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the resin binder according to the electrode mixture layer of the electrode of the present invention is used in a conventionally known positive electrode mixture layer related to a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery and a negative electrode mixture layer related to a negative electrode.
- the same resin binder can be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- the electrode mixture layer according to the electrode of the present invention may contain a conductive auxiliary as necessary.
- conductive aids include, for example, graphite such as natural graphite (eg, flaky graphite) and artificial graphite; carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black. Black; carbon fiber; and the like.
- the diffusion polarization of lithium ions is reduced by the influence of the element (metal element) contained in the low crystalline oxide particles.
- the surface physical property of the active material of an electrode changes with the added low crystalline oxide particle
- the electrode of the present invention contains low crystalline oxide particles, introduction of the non-aqueous electrolyte contained in the battery into the electrode mixture layer becomes smoother due to the surface polarity. Therefore, for example, even if the electrode mixture layer is thickened, the utilization efficiency of the active material of the electrode does not decrease. Therefore, in a battery using such an electrode, the charge / discharge cycle characteristics are further improved while further increasing the capacity. Can also be planned.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the low crystalline oxide particles is preferably 20 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or less. With such fine oxide particles, the effect of improving the load characteristics of the battery is satisfactorily exhibited. However, in the case of the low crystalline oxide particles having a too small size, the production is difficult and the handleability is lowered. Therefore, the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the low crystalline oxide particles is preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 1.5 nm or more.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the low crystalline oxide particles referred to in the present specification is the diameter of the particles (when the particles are spherical) or the major axis length of 300 primary particles of the oxide particles observed by TEM. (When the particles have a shape other than a sphere) is obtained, and an average value obtained by dividing the total value of these particle diameters by the number (300). However, when the size of the low crystalline oxide particles is too fine and measurement by the above method is difficult, the average particle diameter of the primary particles may be obtained by a small angle X-ray scattering method.
- the low crystalline oxide particles preferably have a specific surface area measured by nitrogen gas adsorption of 30 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, and 500 m 2 / g.
- the following is preferable.
- the specific surface area of the low crystalline oxide particles is as described above, the effect of increasing the load characteristics of the battery is further improved. This is because, if the crystallinity is low and the specific surface area is a low crystalline oxide particle having a large structure as described above, for example, many dangling bonds remain on the outermost surface. This is probably because dissociation of lithium ions is promoted and diffusion polarization of lithium ions is further reduced.
- the specific surface area of the low crystalline oxide particles referred to in this specification is a surface area measured and calculated using the BET formula, which is a theoretical formula for multi-layer adsorption. It is the specific surface area of the pores. Specifically, using an automatic specific surface area / pore distribution measuring device (apparatus model number: BELSORP-mini) manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd., measurement was performed up to a relative pressure of 0.99 with respect to the saturated vapor pressure, and the BET specific surface area was obtained. Value.
- the saturated vapor pressure is the pressure at the start of measurement
- the dead volume is an actual measurement value
- the pre-measurement drying conditions are 80 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen gas flow.
- the oxide constituting the low crystalline oxide particles is selected from the group consisting of Si, Zr, Al, Ce, Mg, Ti, Ba, and Sr because, for example, an oxide with lower crystallinity is easily obtained. And oxides containing at least one element. Note that oxides constituting the low crystalline oxide particles include oxide hydrates.
- the oxide may be a substitute for another element containing an element other than each of the above elements.
- Good For example, one obtained by substituting a part of Zr in the ZrO y with Y may be used.
- an oxide in which a part of Ti in TiBaO 3 is substituted with Sr can be used.
- the low crystalline oxide particles for example, only one kind of particles composed of these oxides may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- any synthetic method may be adopted as long as it is a method capable of obtaining oxide particles having low crystallinity.
- the heating temperature It is preferable to employ a synthesis method by oxidation treatment in an aqueous solution such as hydrothermal treatment (hydrothermal synthesis method) at a low temperature.
- the raw material When the oxide particles are synthesized by the above-described synthesis method by oxidation treatment in an aqueous solution, the raw material needs to be dissolved in water, so that the elements constituting the low crystalline oxide particles (elements other than oxygen) It is preferable to use a water-soluble salt containing Examples of such water-soluble salts include sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides containing elements that constitute the low crystalline oxide particles.
- the aqueous solution of the raw material (water-soluble salt) as described above is neutralized by introducing an alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such as ammonia water or sodium hydroxide. And a precipitate is obtained by a coprecipitation method, and this is oxidized in an aqueous solution.
- an alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such as ammonia water or sodium hydroxide.
- a precipitate is obtained by a coprecipitation method, and this is oxidized in an aqueous solution.
- a method of oxidizing by bubbling oxygen or a gas containing oxygen such as air while stirring a hydrothermal treatment method of performing a heat treatment under pressure, or the like can be applied.
- the oxidizing agent may remain as an impurity, care must be taken when selecting it.
- oxidation by bubbling may be performed at the same time as the coprecipitation. After the suspension containing the generated precipitate is washed well, the precipitate is taken out of the solution by filtration and dried. To obtain low crystalline oxide particles.
- the suspension obtained by the coprecipitation method (the aqueous solution containing the precipitate) is heated in a sealed container to heat-treat under pressure, and then the suspension is thoroughly washed.
- the low crystalline oxide particles are obtained by, for example, filtering out the precipitate and drying the precipitate.
- the SiO p , ZrO 2 ⁇ nH 2 O, AlOOH, Al (OH) 3 , MgO a ⁇ mH 2 O and the like are obtained by obtaining a glassy precipitate by hydrothermal treatment, and then taking it out and drying it. It is preferable to obtain low crystalline oxide particles through the process.
- the suspension in the hydrothermal treatment method preferably has a pH of 4 to 11 by adjusting the amount of the alkaline aqueous solution to be added, and the target oxide is precipitated within such a range. What is necessary is just to select pH to obtain. For example, in the case where a glassy precipitate is obtained by hydrothermal treatment, as in the case of SiO p , ZrO 2 .nH 2 O, AlOOH, Al (OH) 3 , MgO a ⁇ mH 2 O, etc.
- the pH of the suspension is more preferably from 4 to 7 in a weakly acidic to neutral range.
- the pH after adding the alkaline aqueous solution to the raw material aqueous solution is the same as the pH in the suspension in the hydrothermal treatment method. .
- the heating temperature in the hydrothermal treatment method is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and is preferably 200 ° C. or lower. Note that it is more preferable to select a heating temperature that is low enough that excessive crystallization does not occur in the low crystalline oxide particles. Specifically, the heating temperature is more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 120 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time in the hydrothermal treatment method is preferably 1 hour or longer from the viewpoint of suppressing the formation of particles that are insufficiently oxidized and dehydrated.
- the heating time in the hydrothermal treatment method is preferably 40 hours or less, and more preferably 6 hours or less.
- the total of the low crystalline oxide particles and the active material particles contained in the electrode mixture layer Is 100% by mass
- the proportion of the low crystalline oxide particles is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the content of the low crystalline oxide particles in the electrode mixture layer is excessively large, an insulating material may be present in a large amount in the electrode mixture layer, which may increase the direct current resistance of the electrode. There is. Therefore, when the total of the low crystalline oxide particles and the active material particles contained in the electrode mixture layer is 100% by mass, the ratio of the low crystalline oxide particles is preferably 10% by mass or less, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or less.
- the composition of each component in the electrode mixture layer is, for example, 85 to 99% by mass of active material particles, and a resin binder. Is preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass. In the case where a conductive auxiliary is used, the amount of the conductive auxiliary in the electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the thickness of the electrode mixture layer (negative electrode mixture layer) (when the electrode mixture layer is formed on one side or both sides of the current collector, the thickness per side of the current collector) is 30 to 150 ⁇ m. It is preferable.
- the current collector can be made of copper or nickel foil, punched metal, net, expanded metal, etc. Copper foil is used.
- the thickness of the current collector is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the composition of each component in the electrode mixture layer is, for example, 75 to 95% by mass of active material particles, and a resin binder. Is preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and the conductive auxiliary is preferably 2 to 15% by mass.
- the thickness of the electrode mixture layer (positive electrode mixture layer) is the single side of the current collector. The thickness is preferably 30 to 180 ⁇ m.
- the electrode of the present invention When the electrode of the present invention is used as a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery having a current collector, an aluminum foil, punching metal, net, expanded metal, or the like can be used as the current collector. Is used.
- the thickness of the current collector is preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the electrode of the present invention includes, for example, an electrode mixture containing scale-like metal oxide particles, active material particles, a resin binder, and optionally a conductive auxiliary agent or low crystalline oxide particles.
- an electrode mixture-containing composition prepared by dispersing in an organic solvent such as methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or a solvent such as water is applied to one or both sides of the current collector and dried. And it can manufacture through the process of performing a press process as needed.
- a lead portion for connecting to a terminal in the battery can be formed on the electrode after forming the electrode mixture layer according to a conventional method.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “battery”) includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a separator, and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the lithium of the present invention. Any other configuration and structure may be used as long as it is an electrode for an ion secondary battery, and various configurations and structures employed in conventionally known lithium ion secondary batteries can be applied.
- only one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the electrode of the present invention, and both the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the electrode of the present invention.
- a positive electrode having the same configuration as the electrode (positive electrode) of the present invention can be used as the positive electrode except that the oxide particles are not contained.
- the negative electrode having the same configuration as the electrode (negative electrode) of the present invention may be used except that the oxide particles are not included. it can.
- the separator according to the battery of the present invention has a property (that is, a shutdown function) that the pores are blocked at 80 ° C. or higher (more preferably 100 ° C. or higher) and 170 ° C. or lower (more preferably 150 ° C. or lower).
- separators used in ordinary lithium ion secondary batteries for example, microporous membranes made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) can be used.
- the microporous film constituting the separator may be, for example, one using only PE or one using PP, or a laminate of a PE microporous film and a PP microporous film. There may be.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, for example.
- the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are formed in the form of a laminated electrode body in which a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or a wound electrode body in which the separator is wound in a spiral shape. It can be used for the battery of the invention.
- nonaqueous electrolytic solution examples include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propionate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, ethylene glycol sulfite, 1,2- dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl - tetrahydrofuran, organic solvents such as diethyl ether, for example, LiClO 4, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li 2 C 2 F 4 (SO 3 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC n F 2n + 1 SO 3 (n ⁇ 2), LiN (R f OSO 2 ) 2 [wherein R f is a fluoroal
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol / l, particularly 0.9 to 1.25 mol / l.
- vinylene carbonates, 1,3-propane sultone, diphenyl disulfide, cyclohexyl benzene, biphenyl, fluorobenzene, t for the purpose of improving the safety, charge / discharge cycleability, and high-temperature storage properties of these electrolytes -Additives such as butylbenzene can be added as appropriate.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may be used as a gel (gel electrolyte) by adding a known gelling agent such as a polymer.
- Examples of the form of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention include a cylindrical shape (such as a square cylindrical shape or a cylindrical shape) using a steel can or an aluminum can as an outer can. Moreover, it can also be set as the soft package battery which used the laminated film which vapor-deposited the metal as an exterior body.
- Example 1 Preparation of negative electrode mixture-containing composition> Scale-like graphite (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., average particle diameter of primary particle diameter: about 450 ⁇ m): 98 parts by mass, acetylene black: 1 part by mass and CMC: 1 part by mass are dispersed in water to contain a negative electrode mixture composition
- the product was prepared, applied to one side of a copper foil with a thickness of 8 ⁇ m as a current collector using an applicator, dried, pressed, cut into a size of 35 ⁇ 35 mm, and a negative electrode was produced. .
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer of the obtained negative electrode was 98 ⁇ m.
- An aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m serving as an electric body was coated on one side using an applicator, dried, pressed, cut into a size of 30 ⁇ 30 mm, and a positive electrode was produced.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer of the obtained positive electrode was 75 ⁇ m.
- test cell ⁇ Production of lithium ion secondary battery (test cell)>
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via a separator (PE microporous film having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m) and inserted into a laminate film exterior, and a non-aqueous electrolyte (volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate)
- a separator PE microporous film having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m
- a non-aqueous electrolyte volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate
- Example 2 The scale-like yttria-stabilized zirconia particles were measured using a new Mohs hardness: 9.0, an aspect ratio D / t: 4.3, an average value of the maximum diameter D in the plane direction: 2.0 ⁇ m, and an added amount of yttria: 10% by mass.
- a positive electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount added was changed to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode mixture-containing composition was used.
- the test cell lithium ion secondary battery
- Example 3 Instead of scaly yttria stabilized zirconia particles, scaly tetragonal zirconia particles (new Mohs hardness: 9.0, aspect ratio D / t: 6.5, average value of maximum diameter D in plane direction: 0.1 ⁇ m) ), And the amount added was changed to 0.05 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material to prepare a positive electrode mixture-containing composition in the same manner as in Example 1. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode mixture-containing composition was used. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 1 except having used this positive electrode.
- Example 4 A positive electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the scale-like yttria-stabilized zirconia particles was changed to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode mixture-containing composition was used. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 1 except having used this positive electrode.
- Example 5 Preparation of negative electrode mixture-containing composition> Scale-like graphite (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., average particle diameter of primary particle size: about 450 ⁇ m): 98 parts by mass, acetylene black: 1 part by mass, CMC: 1 part by mass, and 2 parts for 100 parts by mass of scale-like graphite Scattered ⁇ -alumina particles (new Mohs hardness: 12, aspect ratio D / t: 6.1, average value of maximum diameter D in the plane direction: 1.0 ⁇ m) in an amount of 0.0 part by mass are dispersed in water.
- a negative electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared, and a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing composition was used.
- test cell ⁇ Production of lithium ion secondary battery (test cell)> A test cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode and the negative electrode were used.
- Example 6 Instead of scaly ⁇ -alumina particles, scaly yttria stabilized zirconia particles (new Mohs hardness: 9.0, aspect ratio D / t: 5.6, average value of maximum diameter D in plane direction: 0.8 ⁇ m, yttria Negative electrode mixture in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the amount of addition was changed to 0.3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of flake graphite. A containing composition was prepared, and a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing composition was used. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 5 except having used this negative electrode.
- Example 7 Zirconium chloride oxide octahydrate was dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous zirconium salt solution having a concentration of 8% by mass. Next, the zirconium salt aqueous solution was added dropwise to a 1.4 mass% ammonia aqueous solution while stirring to produce a precipitate containing zirconium oxide hydrate particles. The suspension containing this precipitate was aged at room temperature for 21 hours. Subsequently, the suspension was charged in an autoclave, heated to 100 ° C. over 1 hour, then hydrothermally treated at 100 ° C. for 7 hours, cooled to room temperature over 10 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 36 hours. I let you.
- the amount of water of hydration of the zirconium oxide hydrate particles was determined by using a differential thermal balance (apparatus model number: TG-DTA-2000S) manufactured by Rigaku Corporation for the zirconium oxide hydrate particles that had passed 1 hour after the drying. Simultaneous thermothermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTA) was performed, and the amount of water of hydration of zirconium oxide hydrate particles represented by the general formula ZrO 2 ⁇ nH 2 O was determined.
- the zirconium oxide hydrate particles in an amount of 20% by mass were added to water and mixed with a paint shaker for 1 hour using ⁇ 0.3 mm zirconia beads to prepare an aqueous dispersion of zirconium oxide hydrate particles. .
- Scale-like graphite manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., average particle size of primary particle size: about 450 ⁇ m
- 98 parts by mass 98 parts by mass
- acetylene black 1 part by mass
- CMC 1 part by mass
- yttria Dispersion amount: 10% by mass was dispersed in 100 parts by mass of water to prepare a dispersion.
- aqueous dispersion of zirconium oxide hydrate particles 100 parts by mass, the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion of zirconium oxide hydrate particles: 3.5 parts by mass was added, and the mixture was mixed for about 15 minutes using a paint shaker without using beads for dispersion.
- a negative electrode mixture-containing composition containing zirconium oxide hydrate particles in an amount of 0.7% by mass in a total of 100% by mass of silica hydrate and zirconium oxide hydrate particles was prepared.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the negative electrode mixture-containing composition was used, and a test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that this negative electrode was used. Was made.
- Example 8 Instead of scaly ⁇ -alumina particles, scaly yttria stabilized zirconia particles (new Mohs hardness: 9.0, aspect ratio D / t: 7.1, average value of maximum diameter D in plane direction: 5.8 ⁇ m, yttria was added in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the negative electrode mixture-containing composition was used. A negative electrode was produced. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 5 except having used this negative electrode.
- Comparative Example 1 A test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the same positive electrode (positive electrode not using scale-like metal oxide particles) as that produced in Example 5 was used. .
- Comparative Example 2 Instead of the scale-like yttria-stabilized zirconia particles, quartz particles (new Mohs hardness: 8, aspect ratio D / t: 3.6, average value of maximum diameter D in the plane direction: 0.8 ⁇ m) were used.
- a positive electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode mixture-containing composition was used.
- the test cell lithium ion secondary battery was produced like Example 1 except having used this positive electrode.
- Example 3 A negative electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that amorphous ⁇ -alumina particles (new Mohs hardness: 12, average particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m) were used in place of the flaky ⁇ -alumina particles. A negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 5 except having used this negative electrode.
- amorphous ⁇ -alumina particles new Mohs hardness: 12, average particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m
- the load characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the test cells of the examples and comparative examples were evaluated by the following methods.
- each test cell was charged under the same conditions as described above, and then discharged at a current value of 3C until the voltage reached 2.5 V, thereby obtaining a 3C discharge capacity.
- divided 3C discharge capacity by 0.2C discharge capacity was represented by the percentage, and the capacity
- Table 1 shows the composition of the scale-like metal oxide particles used in the test cells of the examples and comparative examples, and Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- the “ ⁇ alumina particles” used in Comparative Example 3 are indefinite, but in Table 1, for convenience, they are described together with the scale-like metal oxide particles, and the average value of D (maximum diameter in the plane direction) is shown. In the column, the average particle size (average particle size measured by the same method as the low crystalline oxide particles) is described.
- test cells of Examples 1 to 8 having positive electrodes or negative electrodes containing scale-like metal oxide particles having an appropriate hardness have excellent load characteristics, and charge / discharge Cycle characteristics are also good.
- test cell of Comparative Example 1 having a positive electrode and a negative electrode not containing scale-like metal oxide particles
- test cell of Comparative Example 2 having a positive electrode containing metal oxide particles having low hardness
- the test cell of Comparative Example 3 having a negative electrode containing regular metal oxide particles has poor load characteristics as compared to the test cell of the example.
- test cells of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are inferior in charge / discharge cycle characteristics as compared with the test cells of Examples.
- Example 9 Instead of 98 parts by mass of flaky graphite in the negative electrode active material, 94 parts by mass of flaky graphite and a composite of SiO and carbon (a composite in which the surface of SiO is coated with carbon formed by a CVD method. SiO and The mass ratio of carbon to the surface is 85:15. The average particle diameter of primary particles of SiO is 4.9 ⁇ m.): A negative electrode mixture-containing composition is prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that 4 parts by mass is used. A negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 5 except having used this negative electrode.
- Comparative Example 4 Instead of 98 parts by mass of flaky graphite in the negative electrode active material, 94 parts by mass of flaky graphite and a composite of SiO and carbon (a composite in which the surface of SiO is coated with carbon formed by a CVD method. SiO and The mass ratio of carbon to the surface is 85:15. The average particle diameter of primary particles of SiO is 4.9 ⁇ m.): A negative electrode mixture-containing composition is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 parts by mass is used. A negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing composition was prepared. And the test cell (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced like Example 5 except having used this negative electrode. That is, the test cell of Comparative Example 4 is an example in which neither the positive electrode nor the negative electrode contains scale-like metal oxide fine particles.
- Example 9 and Comparative Example 4 For the test cells of Example 9 and Comparative Example 4, the load characteristics and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as the test cells of Example 1.
- Table 3 shows the composition of the scaly metal oxide particles used in the test cells of Example 9 and Comparative Example 4, and Table 4 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 9 and Comparative Example 4 are examples in which a composite of SiO and carbon is used together with graphite as a negative electrode active material. Even in such a case, a negative electrode containing scaly metal oxide particles having appropriate hardness The test cell of Example 9 having a higher load characteristic and charge / discharge cycle characteristics than the test cell of Comparative Example 4 having a positive electrode and a negative electrode that do not contain such metal oxide particles.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of this invention can be used for the same use as the various uses to which the conventionally known lithium ion secondary battery is applied.
Abstract
Description
<負極合剤含有組成物の調製>
鱗片状黒鉛(日立化成工業社製、一次粒子径の平均粒子径:約450μm):98質量部、アセチレンブラック:1質量部およびCMC:1質量部を、水に分散させて負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、これを集電体となる厚みが8μmの銅箔の片面にアプリケーターを用いて塗布して乾燥し、プレス処理した後、35×35mmのサイズにカットして、負極を作製した。得られた負極の負極合剤層の厚みは98μmであった。
正極活物質であるLi1.02Ni0.5Mn0.2Co0.3O3(一次粒子の平均粒子径:15μm):93.7質量部、アセチレンブラック:4質量部、PVDF:2質量部、ポリビニルピロリドン:0.3質量部、および正極活物質100質量部に対して0.3質量部となる量の鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子(新モース硬度:9.0、アスペクト比D/t:5.6、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:0.8μm、イットリアの添加量:10質量%)を、NMPに分散させて正極合剤含有組成物を調製し、これを集電体となる厚みが15μmのアルミニウム箔の片面にアプリケーターを用いて塗布して乾燥し、プレス処理した後、30×30mmのサイズにカットして、正極を作製した。得られた正極の正極合剤層の厚みは75μmであった。
前記の正極と前記の負極とを、セパレータ(厚みが16μmのPE製微多孔膜)を介して積層してラミネートフィルム外装体内に挿入し、非水電解液(エチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとの体積比2:8の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.2Mの濃度で溶解した溶液)を注入した後にラミネートフィルム外装体を封止して、テストセルを作製した。得られたテストセルの設計容量は28mAhである(後記の実施例2~9および比較例1~3の各テストセルも同様である)。
鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子を、新モース硬度:9.0、アスペクト比D/t:4.3、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:2.0μm、およびイットリアの添加量:10質量%のものに変更し、その添加量を、正極活物質100質量部に対して1質量部となるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。そして、この正極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子に代えて、鱗片状の正方晶ジルコニア粒子(新モース硬度:9.0、アスペクト比D/t:6.5、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:0.1μm)を使用し、その添加量を、正極活物質100質量部に対して0.05質量部となるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。そして、この正極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子の添加量を、正極活物質100質量部に対して3.0質量部となるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。そして、この正極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
<負極合剤含有組成物の調製>
鱗片状黒鉛(日立化成工業社製、一次粒子径の平均粒子径:約450μm):98質量部、アセチレンブラック:1質量部、CMC:1質量部、および鱗片状黒鉛100質量部に対して2.0質量部となる量の鱗片状αアルミナ粒子(新モース硬度:12、アスペクト比D/t:6.1、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:1.0μm)を、水に分散させて負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この負極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして負極を作製した。
正極活物質であるLi1.02Ni0.5Mn0.2Co0.3O3(一次粒子の平均粒子径:15μm):93.7質量部、アセチレンブラック:4質量部、PVDF:2質量部およびポリビニルピロリドン:0.3質量部を、NMPに分散させて正極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。
前記の正極と前記の負極とを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてテストセルを作製した。
鱗片状αアルミナ粒子に代えて、鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子(新モース硬度:9.0、アスペクト比D/t:5.6、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:0.8μm、イットリアの添加量:10質量%)を使用し、その添加量を、鱗片状黒鉛100質量部に対して0.3質量部となるように変更した以外は、実施例5と同様にして負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この負極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして負極を作製した。そして、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
塩化酸化ジルコニウム八水和物を水に溶解させて、8質量%濃度のジルコニウム塩水溶液を調製した。次に、1.4質量%濃度のアンモニア水溶液に、前記ジルコニウム塩水溶液を滴下しつつ攪拌して、酸化ジルコニウム水和物粒子を含む沈殿物を生成させた。この沈殿物を含む懸濁液を室温で21時間熟成させた。続いて、前記懸濁液をオートクレーブに仕込み、1時間かけて100℃にまで昇温し、その後100℃で7時間水熱処理を施し、10時間かけて室温まで冷却した後、室温で36時間熟成させた。次に、水熱処理後の沈殿物から未反応物や不純物を除去するために超音波洗浄器を用いて水洗し、その後に濾過を行って沈殿物を回収し、これを空気中60℃で6時間乾燥した。乾燥後のものを乳鉢で軽く解砕して、酸化ジルコニウム水和物粒子(ZrO2・5H2O)を得た。
鱗片状αアルミナ粒子に代えて、鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子(新モース硬度:9.0、アスペクト比D/t:7.1、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:5.8μm、イットリアの添加量:10質量%)を使用した以外は、実施例5と同様にして負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この負極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして負極を作製した。そして、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
実施例5で作製したものと同じ正極(鱗片状金属酸化物粒子を使用していない正極)とを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
鱗片状イットリア安定化ジルコニア粒子に代えて、石英粒子(新モース硬度:8、アスペクト比D/t:3.6、面方向の最大直径Dの平均値:0.8μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。そして、この正極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
鱗片状αアルミナ粒子に代えて、不定形のαアルミナ粒子(新モース硬度:12、平均粒子径:1.0μm)を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この負極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして負極を作製した。そして、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
実施例および比較例のテストセルについて、1Cの電流値で電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、続いて、4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。なお、定電流充電および定電圧充電の総充電時間は2時間とした。その後、各テストセルを0.2Cの電流値で電圧が2.5Vになるまで放電させて、0.2C放電容量を求めた。
実施例および比較例のテストセルについて、1Cの電流値で電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、続いて、4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。なお、定電流充電および定電圧充電の総充電時間は2時間とした。その後、各テストセルを1Cの電流値で電圧が2.5Vになるまで放電させた。この定電圧充電-定電流充電-放電の一連の操作を1サイクルとして、100サイクルの充放電を行った。そして、100サイクル目の放電容量を10サイクル目の放電容量で除した値を百分率で表して、容量維持率を求めた。この容量維持率が大きいほど、テストセルの充放電サイクル特性が良好であるといえる。
負極活物質に、鱗片状黒鉛:98質量部に代えて、鱗片状黒鉛:94質量部とSiOと炭素との複合体(SiOの表面をCVD法で形成した炭素で被覆した複合体。SiOと表面の炭素との質量比が85:15。SiOの一次粒子の平均粒子径4.9μm。):4質量部とを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この負極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして負極を作製した。そして、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。
負極活物質に、鱗片状黒鉛:98質量部に代えて、鱗片状黒鉛:94質量部とSiOと炭素との複合体(SiOの表面をCVD法で形成した炭素で被覆した複合体。SiOと表面の炭素との質量比が85:15。SiOの一次粒子の平均粒子径4.9μm。):4質量部とを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極合剤含有組成物を調製し、この負極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして負極を作製した。そして、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にしてテストセル(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製した。すなわち、比較例4のテストセルは、正極および負極の両方に、鱗片状の金属酸化物微粒子を含有していない例である。
Claims (8)
- 新モース硬度が9.0以上で鱗片状の金属酸化物粒子、Liを吸蔵放出可能な活物質粒子および樹脂製バインダを含む電極合剤層を有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 電極合剤層における金属酸化物粒子の含有量は、活物質粒子100質量部に対して0.01~2質量部である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 金属酸化物粒子の少なくとも一部が、樹脂製バインダ中に存在している請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 金属酸化物粒子の面方向の最大直径D(μm)と厚みt(μm)との比で表されるアスペクト比D/tが、4以上である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 金属酸化物粒子の面方向の最大直径D(μm)の平均値が、0.1~5μmである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 金属酸化物粒子は、α酸化アルミニウム、正方晶または立方晶の酸化ジルコニウム、およびこれらの金属酸化物を安定化剤で安定化したものよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属酸化物の粒子である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 金属酸化物粒子を構成する金属酸化物が、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウムおよび酸化イットリウムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の安定化剤で安定化したものであり、かつ前記金属酸化物における安定化剤の添加量が15質量%以下である請求項6に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。
- 正極、負極、非水電解液およびセパレータを有するリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記正極および/または前記負極が、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
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KR1020127031913A KR20130116789A (ko) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | 리튬 이온 이차 전지용 전극 및 리튬 이온 이차 전지 |
JP2012524005A JP5182977B1 (ja) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
US13/698,239 US20130224591A1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Electrode for lithium-ion secondary battery, and lithium-ion secondary battery |
CN2012800015699A CN103380517A (zh) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | 锂离子二次电池用电极及锂离子二次电池 |
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KR20130116789A (ko) | 2013-10-24 |
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