WO2013079741A1 - Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013079741A1
WO2013079741A1 PCT/ES2012/000291 ES2012000291W WO2013079741A1 WO 2013079741 A1 WO2013079741 A1 WO 2013079741A1 ES 2012000291 W ES2012000291 W ES 2012000291W WO 2013079741 A1 WO2013079741 A1 WO 2013079741A1
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sirt1
cdp
choline
composition according
citicoline
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PCT/ES2012/000291
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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Ignacio LIZAOAÍN HERNÁNDEZ
María Ángeles MORO SÁNCHEZ
Olivia HURTADO MORENO
Jesús Miguel PRADILLO JUSTO
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Universidad Complutense De Madrid
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05Phenols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7068Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
  • Cerebrovascular diseases comprise a set of disorders of the cerebral vasculature that lead to a decrease in blood flow in the brain with the consequent transient or permanent involvement of the function of a generalized region of the brain or a small area or focal CVD is the third leading cause of death in the developed world, and 2 men and 1 women in Spain; They are considered the leading cause of disability and vascular dementia and affect 50% of the population over 60 years old, so they are currently a health problem and a medical emergency. According to the type of vascular episode they can be hemorrhagic or ischemic.
  • the strategy of treating cerebral ischemia in its acute phase has two main objectives: the restoration of cerebral blood flow (reperfusion) and the limitation of neuronal damage (neuroprotection). The most important therapeutic orientation in these patients with cerebral infarction is to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce or block metabolic consequences at the cellular and subcellular levels.
  • One of the main objectives of research in the treatment of cerebral ischemia is to develop drugs that intervene in the ischemic cascade and reduce the amount of damaged tissue. In this way, a better clinical result can be obtained, translated not only in survival, but also in the improvement of the quality of life of patients suffering from acute vascular events.
  • CDP-Choline (Citidine Diphosphate Choline), also called Citicoline, is an essential precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of the cell membrane. Exogenous administration of CDP-Choline reduces cell membrane destruction in experimental models, causing an increase in phosphatidylcholine synthesis and a reduction in free fatty acid levels.
  • CDP-choline has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several animal models of central nervous system injury (CNS) including cerebral ischemia, although the neuroprotective mechanism of CDP-Choline is not known to its full extent. Currently, this effect is related to a reduction in free fatty acids, a lower production of free radicals, stabilization of the neuronal membrane, a decrease in the toxicity caused by glutamate and an increase in neuronal survival.
  • CNS central nervous system injury
  • CDP-choline has shown beneficial properties in different scenarios, including cranial trauma, cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, amblyopia, glaucoma, spinal cord injury, axonal injury, peripheral nerve injury and nociception. Notably, the properties of CDP-choline appear to extend even to other scenarios, such as the regulation of insulin release, suggesting the implication of unknown pleiotropic effects of this substance.
  • Sirtuins which belong to a family of NAD-dependent deacetylases, have recently appeared as proteins involved in metabolism, aging, resistance to oxidative stress and genome maintenance. Sirtuins modulate gene expression according to the energy status of the cell, acting as energy sensors of NAD + levels by deacetylation of histones, transcription factors and co-regulators. SIRT1 (first member of this family) is a new emerging therapeutic target that is involved in the regulation of metabolism, senescence and cancer, and that plays a crucial role in stress-sensitive signaling pathways.
  • Various experimental approaches have implicated their beneficial actions in many diseases, including metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, mitochondrial myopathies), cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, among others) and stroke.
  • SIRT1 slow neuronal death in vitro as well as neurodegeneration in vivo.
  • several molecules have been described that act, directly or indirectly, by increasing the enzymatic deacetylase activity of SIRT1.
  • This is the case of natural polyphenol, resveratrol, known for a long time to promote the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, and which has also been demonstrated that it is able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and exert a marked neuroprotective effect in several pathological CNS scenarios.
  • resveratrol has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animal models, which appear to be mediated by the activation of SIRT1.
  • low molecular weight SIRT1 activating compounds have been identified with in vivo and in vitro characteristics similar to those of resveratrol, which probably act on the same routes and are 1000 times more potent.
  • WO0238141 describes a method for the treatment of mild cognitive disorders (age-related memory disorders) and related symptoms (Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases) as well as cerebral ischemia, which comprises the administration of a serotonergic agent, in particular Resveratrol
  • a serotonergic agent in particular Resveratrol
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (i) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles for use as a medicine for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
  • said SIRT1 activator is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole- 6- il) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) midazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, (R) - N- (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
  • said cerebrovascular disease is cerebral ischemia. More particularly, said cerebral ischemia is acute or chronic cerebral ischemia. In a preferred embodiment, said cerebral ischemia is transient ischemic attack, craniocerebral trauma or cerebral stroke.
  • said composition is administered separately, simultaneously or sequentially.
  • said medication is for oral administration.
  • said medicament is for parenteral administration.
  • the dose of citicoline or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is between 100 mg and 5000 mg per day. In a more particular embodiment, the dose of citicoline or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is between 500 mg and 2000 mg daily. In another embodiment of the invention, the dose of said SIRT-1 activator is between 0.1 mg to 500 mg daily. More particularly, the amount of activator of SIRT-1 is between 1 mg to 500 mg. In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
  • said SIRT1 activator is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole- 6- il) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, (R) -N - (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
  • said cerebrovascular disease is cerebral ischemia.
  • Figure 2 Effect of CDP-choline on SIRT1 levels in rat brain homogenates after OACM.
  • A Representative immunoblot showing the expression of the SIRT-1 protein in peri-infarcted cortical tissue of SHAM and OACM animals and the effect of treatment with CDP-choline. Protein loading was normalized by determining ⁇ -actin.
  • B Densitometric analysis of the SIRT-1 protein from 3 independent assays. Data represent mean ⁇ SEM; * P ⁇ 0.05 vs SHAM; # p ⁇ 0.05 vs. SHAM or MCAO (OACM).
  • FIG. 3 Effect of CDP-choline on the levels (A, B) and activity (C) of the SIRT1 protein in cultured cortical neurons of rats.
  • A Representative immunoblot showing the expression of SIRT-1 in cytosolic and nuclear extracts (see Methods). Protein loading was normalized by determining Sp-1.
  • B Densitometric analysis of the SIRT-1 protein from 3 independent assays. Data are mean ⁇ SEM, * P ⁇ 0.05 vs Nuclear control.
  • C The enzymatic activity of SIRT-1 was determined in total, nuclear and cytosolic extracts 24 h after treatment with CDP-choline. The data are mean ⁇ SEM, * P ⁇ 0.05 vs total and nuclear control.
  • Figure 4 Effect of CDP-choline on SIRT1 protein levels in rat mononuclear cells.
  • the present invention relates to therapeutic combinations for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), in particular, for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, which include citicoline and a fixed-dose SIRT1 activator that are adaptable to the doses required by patients individually or certain population subgroups.
  • CVD cerebrovascular diseases
  • cerebral ischemia which include citicoline and a fixed-dose SIRT1 activator that are adaptable to the doses required by patients individually or certain population subgroups.
  • a composition comprising the combination (i) CDP-choline and (ii) an activator of SIRT1, other than citicoline, for example, resveratrol, surprisingly shows a potent synergistic effect after joint administration in animal models of cerebral ischemia that produces 60% reductions in the volume of infarction after the OACM (occlusion of the middle cerebral artery).
  • the present invention relates in a first aspect to a pharmaceutical composition, hereinafter referred to as "pharmaceutical composition of the invention", which comprises a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the same and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for use as a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which comprises a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the same and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for use as a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
  • said disease is cerebral ischemia.
  • Prophylactic or preventive treatment is understood when the composition of the invention is administered before the possible occurrence of ischemia.
  • this refers to the use of the composition of the invention to prevent the spread of damaged brain tissue.
  • this refers to the use of the composition of the invention when damaged brain tissue and in particular cerebral infarction is associated with cerebral ischemia.
  • Cerebrovascular disease or CVD refers to a set of disorders of the cerebral vasculature that lead to a decrease in blood flow in the brain with the consequent involvement, transiently or permanent, of the function of a generalized region of the brain or of a small or focal area.
  • Cerebral ischemia consists of a cerebral ischemic episode that can be defined as a reduction in blood supply to a tissue. Cerebral ischemia can be caused by a decrease or interruption of the blood supply from the artery that supplies the brain. Cerebral ischemia can be acute or chronic. Therefore, in a particular embodiment of the invention, said cerebral ischemia includes acute cerebral ischemia and chronic cerebral ischemia. In a more particular embodiment, it is a transient ischemic attack, head trauma or cerebral stroke.
  • transient ischemic attack refers to an ischemic stroke that occurs due to a lack of blood supply to a part of the brain, transiently, with symptoms disappearing, by definition, before 24 hours, usually before 1 hour.
  • transient ischemic attack temporary interruption of blood supply to an area of the brain causes a brief and sudden reduction in brain function.
  • CDP-Hill citidine diphosphate choline
  • citicoline an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine
  • the term “SIRT 1” as used herein refers to sirtuin 1.
  • SIRT1 is a sirtuin involved in the regulation of metabolism, senescence, cancer, and which plays a crucial role in sensitive signaling pathways. to stress It has been found that overexpression and / or activation of SIRT1 slow neuronal death in vitro as well as neurodegeneration in vivo.
  • the composition of the present invention which comprises citicoline and a SIRT1 activator, is used as a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as, for example, Alzheimer's disease.
  • the composition of the invention is used for the treatment of neurological disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diseases related to aging or age.
  • activator of SIRT1 refers to any molecule that directly or indirectly activates said sirtuin 1, both at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational or post-translational level.
  • Several have been described in the literature molecules that act, directly or indirectly, increasing the enzymatic deacetylase activity of SIRT1. This is the case of natural polyphenol, resveratrol, known for a long time to promote the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, and which has also been shown to be able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and exert a marked neuroprotective effect in several pathological scenarios of the SNC
  • resveratrol binds directly to SIRT1 promoting a conformational change in the enzyme.
  • SIRT1 small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature, 450: 712-6). Some of these molecules are being clinically tested for the treatment of diabetes and oncological diseases, age-related diseases and Alzheimer's disease (www.sirtrispharma.com/pipeline.html).
  • said activator of SIRT1 is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1 - b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6- yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, (R) -N- (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
  • the composition of the invention comprises as one of its citicoline components or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the CDP-Choline are its basic addition salts, in particular alkaline or alkaline earth salts, such as its sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts, or its salts with mineral or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malic acid, acid maleic, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and nicotinic acid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention comprises, citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a SIRT1 activator, both in a therapeutically efficient amount.
  • the term "therapeutically efficient amount” refers to the amount of citicoline and activator of SIRT1 calculated to produce the desired effect.
  • the dose of Components (i) and (ü) to be administered to a subject may vary within a wide range depending on numerous factors, including the characteristics of citicoline and activator of SIRT1 used, eg, its activity and biological half-life, the concentration in the pharmaceutical composition, the clinical situation of the subject, the severity of the pathology, the pharmaceutical form of administration chosen, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention can be administered one or more times a day for preventive or therapeutic purposes or with other administration guidelines, not necessarily daily but also on a timely, weekly basis, etc.
  • the components of the composition of the invention are administered separately, simultaneously or sequentially.
  • said medicament is for oral administration.
  • the composition of the invention can be administered for the practice of the present invention orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, seals, lozenges, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, gels and the like.
  • the composition is administered parenterally in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions or the like for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular administration. Formulas for inhalation or intranasal administration are also contemplated.
  • compositions may contain flavoring agents, sweeteners, etc., in suitable solid or liquid carriers or diluents, or in sterile media suitable to form suspensions or solutions suitable for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.
  • Said compositions normally contain 1 to 40%, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of the active compound, the rest of the composition being pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, solvents and the like.
  • Citicoline is preferably administered orally as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the preferred salt is the monosodium salt of citicoline, since this form is normally available with a pharmaceutically acceptable purity.
  • the citicoline monosodium is an exogenous form of citidine 5, choline diphosphate (CDP-choline).
  • CDP-choline choline diphosphate
  • the endogenous CDP-choline is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a primary lipid component of the membrane involved in the dynamic regulation of cellular integrity.
  • Citicoline doses are given on a per patient basis (ranging from approximately 45 kg to 100 kg per patient, or an average of 70 kg per patient).
  • daily doses of citicoline may vary from about 100 mg to about 5000 mg, preferably from 250 mg to 3000 mg, and more preferably from 500 mg to 2000 mg. Doses can be administered only once or up to four or more times a day. A highly preferred dose is 500 mg administered twice daily to each patient. If greater therapeutic efficacy is required, an administration of 2000 mg in a single dose or divided into two doses of 1000 mg is recommended.
  • the duration of treatment is variable, but it has been observed that patients tolerate citicoline well in doses ranging from approximately 250 mg to 2000 mg over prolonged periods, that is, from several weeks to several years.
  • the doses should vary over time depending on the severity of the symptoms, the individual tolerance of each patient, route of administration and response to treatment. This can be continued indefinitely if it is well tolerated.
  • the amount of said SIRT-1 activator, in particular, the dose of resveratrol to be administered in the composition of the invention is between 0.1 mg to 500 mg. More preferably, the amount of SIRT-1 activator to be administered is between 1 mg to 500 mg.
  • the composition of the invention may also contain other active therapeutic substances.
  • the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention can be used together with other drugs, for example, drugs useful in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular cerebral ischemia, in order to increase the efficiency of the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention, thereby generating a combination therapy.
  • additional drugs may be part of the same pharmaceutical composition or, alternatively, may be provided as a separate pharmaceutical composition for administration at the same time (simultaneous administration) as the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention or at different times (sequential administration) with respect to the administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator. for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of a cerebrovascular disease, in particular, for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
  • the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for the prevention and / or treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular, of cerebral ischemia, which comprises administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically efficient amount of a pharmaceutical composition provided. by this invention comprising citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an activator of SIRT1.
  • the tests were carried out on male Fischer rats weighing 250-300g.
  • the rats were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane in a mixture of 70% nitrogen / 30% oxygen.
  • a cannula was inserted into the femoral artery for continuous pressure monitoring and blood sampling for pH, gas and glucose analysis.
  • Body and brain temperatures were maintained at 36.5 ⁇ 0.5 ° C throughout the process.
  • the physiological variables studied were not significantly different between groups of animals before, during or after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (OACM or MCAO) (data not shown).
  • Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left common carotid artery ligation (ACC) and ipsilateral distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (ACM) as described previously (Hurtado et al., 2008. Delayed post-ischemic administration of CDP-choline increases EAAT2 association to lipid rafts and affords neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2008. 29: 123-131).
  • ACC left common carotid artery ligation
  • ACM ipsilateral distal middle cerebral artery occlusion
  • the MCA was elevated and cauterized (occlusion of the middle cerebral artery; OACM).
  • the ACM was ligated with a 9-0 suture just before its bifurcation in the frontal and parietal branches.
  • the ACC was also occluded with a silk thread ligation and the complete interruption of blood flow was confirmed in a surgical microscope. Finally, an hour later, the contralateral ACC was reopened.
  • Rats in which the MCA was exposed but not occluded served as controls with simulated intervention (SHAM). After surgery, the animals were returned to their cages and had free access to food and drink. The body temperature of the animals was monitored throughout the experiment and maintained at 37.5 ⁇ 0.5 ° C using a thermal blanket. All processes met the criteria of the Animal Care Committee of the Complutense University of Madrid in accordance with EU Standards (86/609 / EEC, 2003/65 / CE and RD 1201/2005). The survival rate of the animals until the end of the experiment was 90%.
  • CDP-choline was administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Two series of trials were established:
  • proteomic methods were used: classical proteomics, DIGE method plus MALDI-TOF and differential expression proteomics with iTRAQ marking plus LC / MS / MS, at the UCM Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research.
  • the digitized image was projected on a video monitor, having hidden the experimental conditions from the observer.
  • the perimeter of the contralateral hemisphere was superimposed on the ipsilateral hemisphere to exclude edema, and the margins of the infarction were delineated with a cursor.
  • the infarct area which was unstained, was determined by counting pixels contained in the delineated regions, and expressed in square millimeters.
  • Infarction volumes (in mm 3 or in% of infarcted hemisphere -VHI-) were integrated from the infarct areas along the length of the infarction calculated as an orthogonal projection. All animals exhibited infarction after the occlusion process, which included the cortex, subcortex and striatum, depending on the intensity of the lesion.
  • Brain tissue was collected from the peri-infarcted area of the rats (n 4 for each group) sacrificed 24 hours after the OACM. Protein concentration was determined by spectrophotometry (NanoDrop ND1000). Equal amounts of total protein (10 pg) were resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF) (HybondTM-P, Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany). Immunodetection was performed by standard procedures.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride membrane
  • the membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk in TBS-T (0.05% Tween 20 in TBS) and probed with specific primary antibodies against SIRT1 (Santa Cruz; 1: 100 dilution, 120 kDa band) and anti-p included - Mouse actin (Sigma; 1: 10000) and anti mouse GAPDH (Sigma; 1: 10000) to normalize the protein load.
  • SIRT1 Santa Cruz; 1: 100 dilution, 120 kDa band
  • the proteins recognized by the antibody were revealed using the ECL kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany).
  • Cortical neurons were collected from cultured rats 24 hours after treatment with 100 ⁇ of CDP-choline in phosphate buffered saline (10 6 cells / mL). The homogenate was centrifuged at 4 ° C, 12,000 x g. The supernatant was discarded and the nuclear extracts were prepared as described: rat cortical neuronal cells were homogenized in 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM KCI, and 0.5% Nonidet P-40.
  • the nuclei were sedimented at 12,000 xg for 1 minute at 4 ° C and lysed in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCl 2 , 420 mM NaCI and 0.2 mM EDTA. After centrifugation (12,000 gx for 5 minutes at 4 ° C), the pellet was discarded. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rats 24 hours after the administration of 2 g / kg of CDP-choline in Fischer rats, blood samples were collected in a centrifuge tube with 2 ml of blood treated with anticoagulant and an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.6 ).
  • Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Sweden
  • Ficoll-Paque Premium diluted in Ficoll-Paque Premium were carefully layered.
  • the sample was centrifuged at 400 xg for 20 minutes at 20 ° C and the mononuclear cell layer was transferred to a sterile centrifuge tube.
  • the mononuclear cells were suspended in a homogenization buffer and mixed with electrophoresis sample buffer for Western Blot analysis.
  • the cores were sedimented at 12,000 xg for 1 min at 4 ° C and lysed in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCl 2 , 420 mM NaCI and 0.2 mM EDTA. After centrifugation (12,000 xg for 5 minutes at 4 ° C), the pellet was discarded. The supernatant obtained at the end of the centrifugation was dialyzed using a Millipore Amicon Ultraconcentrator (YM-10) apparatus (Millipore, Carrigtwohill, Ireland). The resulting dialysate was stored at -80 ° C until use. Said mononuclear cell layer was used as a source of the enzyme for the SIRT-1 enzyme assay. The enzymatic activity of SIRT-1 was determined using a fluorescence activity assay kit of SIRT1 (Biomol International) based on the Fluor Lys-SIRT1 substrate peptide.
  • results are expressed as mean ⁇ SEM of the indicated number of trials. Comparisons between animal groups were made with the unpaired Student's t-test or the one-way ANOVA test with the Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The results were considered significant at p ⁇ 0.05.
  • CDP-choline is capable of increasing SIRT1 levels
  • the presence of this protein was determined by Western Blot analysis in brain homogenates.
  • SIRT1 protein levels increased after the OACM. More especially, CDP-choline increased these levels in both control rats with simulated intervention (SHAM) and those exposed to OACM.
  • CDP-choline increased SIRT1 levels in nuclear and cytosolic fractions of rat cultured cortical neurons
  • CDP-choline increases the expression of SIRT1 both in brain homogenates and in nuclear extracts of cortical neurons of rats Subsequently, it was determined whether this increased expression was correlated with an increase in the enzymatic activity of SIRT1, in the total, nuclear and cytosolic extracts of cortical neurons of rats treated for 24 hours with CDP-choline (100 ⁇ ). The results show that, according to the expression levels of SIRT1, CDP-choline significantly increased the activity of SIRT1 in the total and nuclear extracts of said cells (Fig. 3C).
  • CDP-choline increased levels of SIRT1 in mononuclear cells
  • CDP-choline increases the expression of SIRT1 in rat brain in vivo from both control animals and exposed to OACM concomitantly to its neuroprotective effect, and in vitro in circulating blood mononuclear cells, and in rat cultured cortical neurons.
  • this enzyme is involved in the neuroprotective effects induced by CDP-choline.
  • the results present demonstrate for the first time a potent synergistic effect with a SIRT1 activator, resveratrol

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Abstract

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a SIRT1 activator for use as a drug for the treatment and/or prevention of a cerebrovascular disease.

Description

TÍTULO  TITLE
Composición farmacéutica para el tratamiento de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares  Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se relaciona con composiciones farmacéuticas para el tratamiento de enfermedades cerebrovasculares, en particular para el tratamiento de la isquemia cerebral. The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares (ECV) comprenden un conjunto de trastornos de la vasculatura cerebral que conllevan una disminución del flujo sanguíneo en el cerebro con la consecuente afectación, de forma transitoria o permanente, de la función de una región generalizada del cerebro o de una zona pequeña o focal. Las ECV son la tercera causa de muerte en el mundo desarrollado, y la 2a en hombres y la 1a en mujeres en España; se consideran la primera causa de discapacidad y de demencia vascular y afectan a un 50% de la población mayor de 60 años, por lo que constituyen en la actualidad un problema de salud y una urgencia médica. Atendiendo al tipo de episodio vascular pueden ser hemorrágicas o isquémicas. La estrategia del tratamiento de la isquemia cerebral en su fase aguda tiene dos objetivos principales: la restauración del flujo sanguíneo cerebral (reperfusión) y la limitación del daño neuronal (neuroprotección). La orientación terapéutica más importante en estos pacientes con infarto cerebral consiste en mejorar el flujo sanguíneo cerebral y reducir o bloquear las consecuencias metabólicas a nivel celular y subcelular. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) comprise a set of disorders of the cerebral vasculature that lead to a decrease in blood flow in the brain with the consequent transient or permanent involvement of the function of a generalized region of the brain or a small area or focal CVD is the third leading cause of death in the developed world, and 2 men and 1 women in Spain; They are considered the leading cause of disability and vascular dementia and affect 50% of the population over 60 years old, so they are currently a health problem and a medical emergency. According to the type of vascular episode they can be hemorrhagic or ischemic. The strategy of treating cerebral ischemia in its acute phase has two main objectives: the restoration of cerebral blood flow (reperfusion) and the limitation of neuronal damage (neuroprotection). The most important therapeutic orientation in these patients with cerebral infarction is to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce or block metabolic consequences at the cellular and subcellular levels.
Uno de los objetivos principales de las investigaciones en el tratamiento de la isquemia cerebral es desarrollar fármacos que intervengan en la cascada isquémica y reduzcan la cantidad de tejido dañado. De este modo se podrá obtener un mejor resultado clínico, traducido no sólo en supervivencia, sino también en la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes que sufren eventos vasculares agudos. One of the main objectives of research in the treatment of cerebral ischemia is to develop drugs that intervene in the ischemic cascade and reduce the amount of damaged tissue. In this way, a better clinical result can be obtained, translated not only in survival, but also in the improvement of the quality of life of patients suffering from acute vascular events.
Los modelos de isquemia cerebral en animales han contribuido al desarrollo del conocimiento de este problema. Se han ensayado muchos agentes neuroprotectores en estos modelos y muy pocos rebasan los criterios de eficacia y seguridad en ensayos clínicos. La CDP-Colina (Citidina Difosfato Colina), también llamada Citicolina, es un precursor esencial para la síntesis de fosfatidilcolina, componente de la membrana celular. La administración exógena de CDP-Colina reduce la destrucción de la membrana celular en modelos experimentales, provocando un aumento de la síntesis de la fosfatidilcolina y una reducción de los niveles de ácidos grasos libres. Se ha demostrado que la citicolina posee efectos neuroprotectores en varios modelos animales de lesión del sistema nervioso central (SNC) incluyendo la isquemia cerebral, aunque el mecanismo neuroprotector de la CDP-Colina no se conoce en toda su extensión. Actualmente, se relaciona este efecto con una reducción de ácidos grasos libres, una menor producción de radicales libres, estabilización de la membrana neuronal, decremento de la toxicidad provocada por el glutamato y un aumento de la supervivencia neuronal. Además, la CDP- colina ha mostrado propiedades beneficiosas en diferentes escenarios, que incluyen traumatismos craneales, trastornos cognitivos, enfermedad de Parkinson, drogadicción, ambliopia, glaucoma, lesión de médula espinal, lesión axonal, lesión de nervio periférico y nocicepción. De modo apreciable, las propiedades de la CDP-colina parecen extenderse incluso a otros escenarios, tales como la regulación de la liberación de insulina, lo que sugiere la implicación de efectos pleiotrópicos desconocidos de esta sustancia. The models of cerebral ischemia in animals have contributed to the development of knowledge of this problem. Many neuroprotective agents have been tested in these models and very few exceed the criteria of efficacy and safety in clinical trials. CDP-Choline (Citidine Diphosphate Choline), also called Citicoline, is an essential precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of the cell membrane. Exogenous administration of CDP-Choline reduces cell membrane destruction in experimental models, causing an increase in phosphatidylcholine synthesis and a reduction in free fatty acid levels. Citicoline has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several animal models of central nervous system injury (CNS) including cerebral ischemia, although the neuroprotective mechanism of CDP-Choline is not known to its full extent. Currently, this effect is related to a reduction in free fatty acids, a lower production of free radicals, stabilization of the neuronal membrane, a decrease in the toxicity caused by glutamate and an increase in neuronal survival. In addition, CDP-choline has shown beneficial properties in different scenarios, including cranial trauma, cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, amblyopia, glaucoma, spinal cord injury, axonal injury, peripheral nerve injury and nociception. Notably, the properties of CDP-choline appear to extend even to other scenarios, such as the regulation of insulin release, suggesting the implication of unknown pleiotropic effects of this substance.
Las sirtuinas, las cuales pertenecen a una familia de desacetilasas dependientes de NAD\ han aparecido recientemente como proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo, envejecimiento, resistencia al estrés oxidativo y mantenimiento del genoma. Las sirtuinas modulan la expresión génica de acuerdo con el estado energético de la célula, actuando como sensores de energía de los niveles NAD+ mediante la desacetilación de histonas, factores de transcripción y co-reguladores. SIRT1 (primer miembro de esta familia) es una nueva diana terapéutica emergente que está implicada en la regulación del metabolismo, senescencia y cáncer, y que desempeña un papel crucial en las rutas de señalización sensibles al estrés. Diversos planteamientos experimentales han implicado sus acciones beneficiosas en muchas enfermedades, incluyendo las enfermedades metabólicas (diabetes tipo 2, miopatías mitocondriales), cardiovasculares e inflamatorias, cáncer, neurodegenerativas (enfermedad de Alzheimer, entre otras) e ictus. Sirtuins, which belong to a family of NAD-dependent deacetylases, have recently appeared as proteins involved in metabolism, aging, resistance to oxidative stress and genome maintenance. Sirtuins modulate gene expression according to the energy status of the cell, acting as energy sensors of NAD + levels by deacetylation of histones, transcription factors and co-regulators. SIRT1 (first member of this family) is a new emerging therapeutic target that is involved in the regulation of metabolism, senescence and cancer, and that plays a crucial role in stress-sensitive signaling pathways. Various experimental approaches have implicated their beneficial actions in many diseases, including metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, mitochondrial myopathies), cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, among others) and stroke.
De acuerdo con lo expuesto, se ha demostrado que la sobreexpresión y/o activación de SIRT1 ralentizan la muerte neuronal in vitro así como la neurodegeneración in vivo. En este contexto, se han descrito varias moléculas que actúan, directamente o indirectamente, aumentando la actividad enzimática desacetilasa de SIRT1. Este es el caso del polifenol natural, resveratrol, conocido desde hace tiempo por promover los efectos protectores sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares, y del cual también se ha demostrado que es capaz de penetrar la barrera hematoencefálica y ejercer un marcado efecto neuroprotector en varios escenarios patológicos del SNC. Concretamente, en el contexto de la isquemia cerebral, el resveratrol ha demostrado efectos neuroprotectores en modelos animales, los cuales parecen estar mediados por la activación de SIRT1. Además, se han identificado compuestos activadores de SIRT1 de bajo peso molecular con características in vivo e in vitro semejantes a las del resveratrol, los cuales actúan probablemente sobre las mismas rutas y son 1000 veces más potentes. In accordance with the above, it has been shown that overexpression and / or activation of SIRT1 slow neuronal death in vitro as well as neurodegeneration in vivo. In this context, several molecules have been described that act, directly or indirectly, by increasing the enzymatic deacetylase activity of SIRT1. This is the case of natural polyphenol, resveratrol, known for a long time to promote the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, and which has also been demonstrated that it is able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and exert a marked neuroprotective effect in several pathological CNS scenarios. Specifically, in the context of cerebral ischemia, resveratrol has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animal models, which appear to be mediated by the activation of SIRT1. In addition, low molecular weight SIRT1 activating compounds have been identified with in vivo and in vitro characteristics similar to those of resveratrol, which probably act on the same routes and are 1000 times more potent.
El documento WO0238141 describe un método para el tratamiento de trastornos cognitivos leves (alteraciones de la memoria relacionadas con la edad) y síntomas relacionados (Alzheimer y otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas) así como la isquemia cerebral, que comprende la administración de un agente serotoninérgico, en particular, resveratrol. Aunque dicho documento menciona que dicho compuesto se puede administrar junto con otros compuestos activadores de la memoria, en la parte experimental sólo se demuestra el uso de resveratrol a distintas dosis para el tratamiento de la demencia asociada a la edad (MCI). WO0238141 describes a method for the treatment of mild cognitive disorders (age-related memory disorders) and related symptoms (Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases) as well as cerebral ischemia, which comprises the administration of a serotonergic agent, in particular Resveratrol Although said document mentions that said compound can be administered together with other memory activating compounds, in the experimental part only the use of resveratrol at different doses for the treatment of age-associated dementia (MCI) is demonstrated.
COMPENDIO DE LA INVENCIÓN SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Los autores de la presente invención han demostrado que la CDP-colina y el activador de SIRT1 , resveratrol, poseen sorprendentemente un potente efecto sinérgico que lleva hasta reducciones del 60% del volumen de infarto en un modelo animal de isquemia cerebral, cuando se emplean conjuntamente a dosis individualmente sub-efectivas de dichas sustancias. Por tanto, en un primer aspecto, la presente invención se relaciona con una composición farmacéutica que comprende una combinación de (i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (¡i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de un activador de SIRT1 junto uno o más vehículos farmacéuticamente aceptables para su uso como medicamento para el tratamiento y/o prevención de una enfermedad cerebrovascular.  The authors of the present invention have shown that CDP-choline and the activator of SIRT1, resveratrol, surprisingly possess a potent synergistic effect that leads to 60% reductions in infarct volume in an animal model of cerebral ischemia, when used together at individually sub-effective doses of said substances. Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (i) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles for use as a medicine for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
En una realización particular, dicho activador de SIRT1 se selecciona del grupo formado por resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimetoxi-N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1-ilmetil)imidazo[2,1-b]tiazol-6- il)fenil)benzamida, N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1 -ilmetil)¡midazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)quinoxalin-2- carboxamida, (R)-N-(2-(3-((3-hidroxipirrolindin-1 -il)metil)imidazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)-2- naftamida. En una realización particular de la invención, dicha enfermedad cerebrovascular es la isquemia cerebral. Más particularmente, dicha isquemia cerebral es isquemia cerebral aguda o crónica. En una realización preferida, dicha isquemia cerebral es ataque isquémico transitorio, traumatismo craneoencefálico o ictus cerebral. In a particular embodiment, said SIRT1 activator is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole- 6- il) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) midazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, (R) - N- (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide. In a particular embodiment of the invention, said cerebrovascular disease is cerebral ischemia. More particularly, said cerebral ischemia is acute or chronic cerebral ischemia. In a preferred embodiment, said cerebral ischemia is transient ischemic attack, craniocerebral trauma or cerebral stroke.
En otra realización particular de la invención, dicha composición se administra de forma separada, simultánea o secuencial. En un caso particular, dicho medicamento es para la administración por vía oral. En otro caso particular, dicho medicamento es para la administración por vía parenteral. In another particular embodiment of the invention, said composition is administered separately, simultaneously or sequentially. In a particular case, said medication is for oral administration. In another particular case, said medicament is for parenteral administration.
En otra realización particular, la dosis de citicolina o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable es de entre 100 mg y 5000 mg al día. En una realización más particular, la dosis de citicolina o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable es de entre 500 mg y 2000 mg al día. En otra realización de la invención, la dosis de dicho activador de SIRT-1 es de entre 0,1 mg a 500 mg al día. Más particularmente, la cantidad de activador de SIRT-1 es de entre 1 mg a 500 mg. En otro aspecto, la invención se refiere al uso de una composición farmacéutica que comprende una combinación de (i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (ii) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de un activador de SIRT1 para la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento y/o prevención de una enfermedad cerebrovascular. In another particular embodiment, the dose of citicoline or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is between 100 mg and 5000 mg per day. In a more particular embodiment, the dose of citicoline or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is between 500 mg and 2000 mg daily. In another embodiment of the invention, the dose of said SIRT-1 activator is between 0.1 mg to 500 mg daily. More particularly, the amount of activator of SIRT-1 is between 1 mg to 500 mg. In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
En una realización particular, dicho activador de SIRT1 se selecciona del grupo formado por resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimetoxi-N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1-ilmetil)imidazo[2,1-b]tiazol-6- il)fenil)benzamida, N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1 -ilmetil)imidazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)quinoxalin-2- carboxamida, (R)-N-(2-(3-((3-hidroxipirrolindin-1 -il)metil)imidazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)-2- naftamida. In a particular embodiment, said SIRT1 activator is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazole- 6- il) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, (R) -N - (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
En otra realización particular, dicha enfermedad cerebrovascular es isquemia cerebral. In another particular embodiment, said cerebrovascular disease is cerebral ischemia.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1 : Efecto de CDP-colina sobre el volumen de infarto después de oclusión de la arteria cerebral media (O ACM o MCAO) Se expusieron las ratas a una OACM permanente durante 48 horas y se cuantificaron los volúmenes de infarto (ver Materiales y Métodos) en secciones coronales en serie teñidas con TTC. Los datos son medias±SEM, n=6; *P<0.05). Figura 2: Efecto de CDP-colina sobre los niveles de SIRT1 en homogenados de cerebro de rata después de OACM. Figure 1: Effect of CDP-choline on the volume of infarction after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (O ACM or MCAO) The rats were exposed to a permanent LMO for 48 hours and the infarct volumes (see Materials and Methods) in serial coronal sections stained with TTC were quantified. Data are means ± SEM, n = 6; * P <0.05). Figure 2: Effect of CDP-choline on SIRT1 levels in rat brain homogenates after OACM.
(A) Inmunoblot representativo mostrando la expresión de la proteína SIRT-1 en tejido cortical peri-infarto de animales SHAM y OACM y el efecto del tratamiento con CDP- colina. Se normalizó la carga de proteína determinando β-actina. (B) Análisis densitométrico de la proteína SIRT-1 de 3 ensayos independientes. Los datos representan media±SEM; *P<0.05 vs SHAM; #p<0.05 vs. SHAM o MCAO (OACM). (A) Representative immunoblot showing the expression of the SIRT-1 protein in peri-infarcted cortical tissue of SHAM and OACM animals and the effect of treatment with CDP-choline. Protein loading was normalized by determining β-actin. (B) Densitometric analysis of the SIRT-1 protein from 3 independent assays. Data represent mean ± SEM; * P <0.05 vs SHAM; # p <0.05 vs. SHAM or MCAO (OACM).
Figura 3: Efecto de CDP-colina sobre los niveles (A,B) y actividad (C) de la proteína SIRT1 en neuronas corticales cultivadas de ratas. Figure 3: Effect of CDP-choline on the levels (A, B) and activity (C) of the SIRT1 protein in cultured cortical neurons of rats.
(A) Inmunoblot representativo mostrando la expresión de SIRT-1 en extractos citosólicos y nucleares (ver Métodos). Se normalizó la carga de proteína determinando Sp-1. (B) Análisis densitométrico de la proteína SIRT-1 de 3 ensayos independientes. Los datos son media±SEM, *P<0.05 vs Control nuclear. (C) La actividad enzimática de SIRT-1 se determinó en extractos totales, nucleares y citosólicos 24 h después del tratamiento con CDP-colina. Los datos son media±SEM, *P<0.05 vs control total y nuclear. (A) Representative immunoblot showing the expression of SIRT-1 in cytosolic and nuclear extracts (see Methods). Protein loading was normalized by determining Sp-1. (B) Densitometric analysis of the SIRT-1 protein from 3 independent assays. Data are mean ± SEM, * P <0.05 vs Nuclear control. (C) The enzymatic activity of SIRT-1 was determined in total, nuclear and cytosolic extracts 24 h after treatment with CDP-choline. The data are mean ± SEM, * P <0.05 vs total and nuclear control.
Figura 4: Efecto de CDP-colina sobre los niveles de la proteína SIRT1 en células mononucleares de ratas. Figure 4: Effect of CDP-choline on SIRT1 protein levels in rat mononuclear cells.
(A) Inmunoblot representativo mostrando la expresión de SIRT-1 en células mononucleares (ver Métodos). Se normalizó la carga de proteína determinando GAPDH. (A) Representative immunoblot showing the expression of SIRT-1 in mononuclear cells (see Methods). Protein loading was normalized by determining GAPDH.
(B) Análisis densitométrico de la proteína SIRT-1 de 3 ensayos independientes. Los datos son media±SEM, *P<0.05 vs Control. (B) Densitometric analysis of the SIRT-1 protein from 3 independent assays. Data are mean ± SEM, * P <0.05 vs Control.
Figura 5. Efecto sinérgico de CDP-colina y el activador de SIRT1, resveratrol, sobre el volumen de infarto después de OACM en ratas. Figure 5. Synergistic effect of CDP-choline and the activator of SIRT1, resveratrol, on the volume of infarction after OACM in rats.
ANOVA<0,0001. #p<0.01 vs CDP 200mg/kg; Resveratrol 2.5mg/kg. *p<0.001 vs control; Post-hoc test: Bonferroni  ANOVA <0.0001. #p <0.01 vs CDP 200mg / kg; Resveratrol 2.5mg / kg * p <0.001 vs control; Post-hoc test: Bonferroni
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a combinaciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento y/o prevención de enfermedades cerebrovasculares (ECV), en particular, para el tratamiento de la isquemia cerebral, que comprenden citicolina y un activador de SIRT1 a dosis fijas que son adaptables a las dosis requeridas por pacientes de forma individual o determinados subgrupos de población. Según se ha mencionado anteriormente, los autores de la presente invención han observado que una composición que comprende la combinación (i) CDP-colina y (ii) un activador de SIRT1 , diferente de citicolina, por ejemplo, resveratrol, muestra, sorprendentemente, un potente efecto sinérgico tras su administración conjunta en modelos animales de isquemia cerebral que produce unas reducciones del 60% del volumen de infarto después de la OACM (oclusión de la arteria cerebral media). The present invention relates to therapeutic combinations for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), in particular, for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, which include citicoline and a fixed-dose SIRT1 activator that are adaptable to the doses required by patients individually or certain population subgroups. As mentioned above, the authors of the present invention have observed that a composition comprising the combination (i) CDP-choline and (ii) an activator of SIRT1, other than citicoline, for example, resveratrol, surprisingly shows a potent synergistic effect after joint administration in animal models of cerebral ischemia that produces 60% reductions in the volume of infarction after the OACM (occlusion of the middle cerebral artery).
Por tanto, la presente invención se relaciona en un primer aspecto con una composición farmacéutica, de aquí en adelante denominada "composición farmacéutica de la invención", que comprende una combinación de (i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (ii) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de un activador de SIRT1 junto uno o más vehículos farmacéuticamente aceptables para su uso como medicamento para el tratamiento y/o prevención de una enfermedad cerebrovascular. En una realización preferida de la invención, dicha enfermedad es la isquemia cerebral. Therefore, the present invention relates in a first aspect to a pharmaceutical composition, hereinafter referred to as "pharmaceutical composition of the invention", which comprises a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the same and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for use as a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said disease is cerebral ischemia.
Por tratamiento profiláctico o preventivo se entiende cuando la composición de la invención se administra antes de la posible aparición de la isquemia. En otra realización particular de la invención, ésta se refiere al uso de la composición de la invención para prevenir la extensión del tejido cerebral dañado. De acuerdo con un aspecto más específico, ésta se refiere al uso de la composición de la invención cuando el tejido cerebral dañado y en particular el infarto cerebral está asociado con la isquemia cerebral. Prophylactic or preventive treatment is understood when the composition of the invention is administered before the possible occurrence of ischemia. In another particular embodiment of the invention, this refers to the use of the composition of the invention to prevent the spread of damaged brain tissue. According to a more specific aspect, this refers to the use of the composition of the invention when damaged brain tissue and in particular cerebral infarction is associated with cerebral ischemia.
Como se ha mencionado anteriormente, el término "enfermedad cerebrovascular o ECV" tal como aquí se emplea, se refiere a un conjunto de trastornos de la vasculatura cerebral que conllevan una disminución del flujo sanguíneo en el cerebro con la consecuente afectación, de forma transitoria o permanente, de la función de una región generalizada del cerebro o de una zona pequeña o focal. As mentioned above, the term "cerebrovascular disease or CVD" as used herein refers to a set of disorders of the cerebral vasculature that lead to a decrease in blood flow in the brain with the consequent involvement, transiently or permanent, of the function of a generalized region of the brain or of a small or focal area.
El término "isquemia cerebral", tal como aquí se utiliza, consiste en un episodio isquémico cerebral que puede definirse como una reducción de la aportación de sangre a un tejido. La isquemia cerebral puede ser causada por una disminución o interrupción de la aportación de sangre desde la arteria que irriga el cerebro. La isquemia cerebral puede ser aguda o crónica. Por tanto, en una realización particular de la invención, dicha isquemia cerebral incluye isquemia cerebral aguda e isquemia cerebral crónica. En una realización más particular, es un ataque isquémico transitorio, traumatismo craneoencefálico o ictus cerebral. The term "cerebral ischemia", as used herein, consists of a cerebral ischemic episode that can be defined as a reduction in blood supply to a tissue. Cerebral ischemia can be caused by a decrease or interruption of the blood supply from the artery that supplies the brain. Cerebral ischemia can be acute or chronic. Therefore, in a particular embodiment of the invention, said cerebral ischemia includes acute cerebral ischemia and chronic cerebral ischemia. In a more particular embodiment, it is a transient ischemic attack, head trauma or cerebral stroke.
El término "ataque isquémico transitorio", tal como aquí se utiliza, se refiere a un episodio cerebrovascular de tipo isquémico que se produce por la falta de aporte sanguíneo a una parte del cerebro, de forma transitoria, desapareciendo los síntomas, por definición, antes de 24 horas, generalmente antes de 1 hora. Durante un ataque isquémico transitorio, la interrupción temporal del suministro sanguíneo a un área del cerebro ocasiona una reducción breve y repentina en la función cerebral. The term "transient ischemic attack", as used herein, refers to an ischemic stroke that occurs due to a lack of blood supply to a part of the brain, transiently, with symptoms disappearing, by definition, before 24 hours, usually before 1 hour. During a transient ischemic attack, temporary interruption of blood supply to an area of the brain causes a brief and sudden reduction in brain function.
En la presente invención, los términos "CDP-Colina", "citidina difosfato colína" o "citicolina" se usan indistintamente. Como se ha mencionado anteriormente, la citicolina o CDP-colina, un intermedio en la biosíntesis de la fosfatidilcolina, ha demostrado poseer efectos neuroprotectores en varios modelos animales de lesión del SNC incluyendo la isquemia cerebral. Por otra parte, el término "SIRT 1 " tal como aquí se emplea, se refiere a la sirtuina 1. SIRT1 es una sirtuina implicada en la regulación del metabolismo, senescencia, cáncer, y que desempeña un papel crucial en las rutas de señalización sensibles al estrés. Se ha visto que la sobreexpresion y/o activación de SIRT1 ralentizan la muerte neuronal in vitro así como la neurodegeneración in vivo. In the present invention, the terms "CDP-Hill", "citidine diphosphate choline" or "citicoline" are used interchangeably. As mentioned above, citicoline or CDP-choline, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several animal models of CNS injury including cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, the term "SIRT 1" as used herein refers to sirtuin 1. SIRT1 is a sirtuin involved in the regulation of metabolism, senescence, cancer, and which plays a crucial role in sensitive signaling pathways. to stress It has been found that overexpression and / or activation of SIRT1 slow neuronal death in vitro as well as neurodegeneration in vivo.
Así, en una realización particular de la presente invención, la composición de la presente invención, que comprende citicolina y un activador de SIRT1 , se usa como medicamento para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tal como, por ejemplo, la enfermedad de Alzheimer. En otra realización particular de la invención, la composición de la invención se usa para el tratamiento de trastornos neurológicos, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer y enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento o la edad. Thus, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the present invention, which comprises citicoline and a SIRT1 activator, is used as a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as, for example, Alzheimer's disease. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention is used for the treatment of neurological disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diseases related to aging or age.
El término "activador de SIRT1 " tal como aquí se menciona, se refiere a cualquier molécula que directa o indirectamente active dicha sirtuina 1 , tanto a nivel transcripcional, postranscripcional, traduccional o postraduccional. Se han descrito en la literatura varias moléculas que actúan, directa o indirectamente, aumentando la actividad enzimática desacetilasa de SIRT1. Este es el caso del polifenol natural, resveratrol, conocido desde hace tiempo por promover los efectos protectores sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares, y del cual también se ha demostrado que es capaz de penetrar la barrera hematoencefálica y ejercer un marcado efecto neuroprotector en varios escenarios patológicos del SNC. Así, a modo ilustrativo, el resveratrol se une directamente a SIRT1 promoviendo un cambio conformacional en la enzima. Recientemente, se han descrito otras pequeñas moléculas como activadores potentes de SIRT1 (Milne et al, 2007. Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature, 450: 712-6). Algunas de dichas moléculas se están ensayando en clínica para el tratamiento de diabetes y enfermedades oncológicas, enfermedades relacionadas con la edad y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (www.sirtrispharma.com/pipeline.html). Así, en una realización particular de la invención, dicho activador de SIRT1 se selecciona del grupo formado por resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimetoxi-N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1-ilmetil)imidazo[2,1- b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)benzamida, N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1 -ilmetil)imidazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6- il)fenil)quinoxalin-2-carboxamida, (R)-N-(2-(3-((3-hidroxipirrolindin-1 -il)met¡l)imidazo[2, 1 - b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)-2-naftamida. The term "activator of SIRT1" as mentioned herein refers to any molecule that directly or indirectly activates said sirtuin 1, both at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational or post-translational level. Several have been described in the literature molecules that act, directly or indirectly, increasing the enzymatic deacetylase activity of SIRT1. This is the case of natural polyphenol, resveratrol, known for a long time to promote the protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, and which has also been shown to be able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and exert a marked neuroprotective effect in several pathological scenarios of the SNC Thus, by way of illustration, resveratrol binds directly to SIRT1 promoting a conformational change in the enzyme. Recently, other small molecules have been described as potent activators of SIRT1 (Milne et al, 2007. Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature, 450: 712-6). Some of these molecules are being clinically tested for the treatment of diabetes and oncological diseases, age-related diseases and Alzheimer's disease (www.sirtrispharma.com/pipeline.html). Thus, in a particular embodiment of the invention, said activator of SIRT1 is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1 - b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6- yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, (R) -N- (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
Tal como se ha mencionado anteriormente, la composición de la invención comprende como uno de sus componentes citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma. Como sales farmacéuticamente aceptables de la CDP-Colina, se encuentran sus sales de adición básicas, en particular las sales alcalinas o alcalinotérreas, tales como sus sales de sodio, potasio, calcio y magnesio, o bien sus sales con ácidos minerales u orgánicos, como el ácido clorhídrico, el ácido bromhídrico, el ácido sulfúrico, el ácido acético, el ácido trifluoroacético, el ácido cítrico, el ácido láctico, el ácido malónico, el ácido tartárico, el ácido acrílico, el ácido metacrílico, el ácido málico, el ácido maleico, el ácido fumárico, el ácido benzoico, el ácido salicílico, el ácido cinámico, el ácido metansulfónico, el ácido bencenosulfónico, el ácido p-toluensulfónico y el ácido nicotínico. As mentioned above, the composition of the invention comprises as one of its citicoline components or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. As pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the CDP-Choline, are its basic addition salts, in particular alkaline or alkaline earth salts, such as its sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts, or its salts with mineral or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malic acid, acid maleic, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and nicotinic acid.
La composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención comprende, citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (ii) un activador de SIRT1 , ambos en una cantidad terapéuticamente eficiente. En el sentido utilizado en esta descripción, la expresión "cantidad terapéuticamente eficiente" se refiere a la cantidad de citicolina y activador de SIRT1 calculada para producir el efecto deseado. La dosis de los componentes (i) e (ü) a administrar a un sujeto puede variar dentro de un amplio intervalo dependiendo de numerosos factores, entre los que se incluyen las características de citicolina y activador de SIRT1 utilizada, e.g., su actividad y vida media biológica, la concentración en la composición farmacéutica, la situación clínica del sujeto, la severidad de la patología, la forma farmacéutica de administración elegida, etc. La composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención se puede administrar una o más veces al día con fines preventivos o terapéuticos o con otras pautas de administración, no necesariamente diaria sino también de forma puntual, semanal, etc. The pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention comprises, citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a SIRT1 activator, both in a therapeutically efficient amount. In the sense used in this description, the term "therapeutically efficient amount" refers to the amount of citicoline and activator of SIRT1 calculated to produce the desired effect. The dose of Components (i) and (ü) to be administered to a subject may vary within a wide range depending on numerous factors, including the characteristics of citicoline and activator of SIRT1 used, eg, its activity and biological half-life, the concentration in the pharmaceutical composition, the clinical situation of the subject, the severity of the pathology, the pharmaceutical form of administration chosen, etc. The pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention can be administered one or more times a day for preventive or therapeutic purposes or with other administration guidelines, not necessarily daily but also on a timely, weekly basis, etc.
En una realización particular de la invención, los componentes de la composición de la invención se administran de de forma separada, simultánea o secuencial. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the components of the composition of the invention are administered separately, simultaneously or sequentially.
En otra realización particular de la invención, dicho medicamento es para la administración por vía oral. Así, la composición de la invención puede administrarse para la puesta en práctica de la presente invención por vía oral en forma de comprimidos, cápsulas, polvos, gránulos, sellos, pastillas para chupar, soluciones, suspensiones, emulsiones, jarabes, geles y afines. En otra realización particular, la composición se administra por vía parenteral en forma de soluciones, suspensiones, emulsiones o afines para administración intravenosa, subcutánea o intramuscular. También se contemplan fórmulas para su inhalación o administración intranasal. In another particular embodiment of the invention, said medicament is for oral administration. Thus, the composition of the invention can be administered for the practice of the present invention orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, seals, lozenges, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, gels and the like. In another particular embodiment, the composition is administered parenterally in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions or the like for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular administration. Formulas for inhalation or intranasal administration are also contemplated.
Las composiciones farmacéuticas pueden contener agentes saborizantes, edulcorantes, etc., en vehículos o diluyentes sólidos o líquidos adecuados, o en medios estériles adecuados para formar suspensiones o soluciones adecuadas para inyección intravenosa, subcutánea o intramuscular. Dichas composiciones contienen normalmente de un 1 a un 40%, preferiblemente de un 1 a un 10% en peso del compuesto activo, siendo el resto de la composición vehículos, diluyentes, disolventes y similares farmacéuticamente aceptables. The pharmaceutical compositions may contain flavoring agents, sweeteners, etc., in suitable solid or liquid carriers or diluents, or in sterile media suitable to form suspensions or solutions suitable for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Said compositions normally contain 1 to 40%, preferably 1 to 10% by weight of the active compound, the rest of the composition being pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, solvents and the like.
La citicolina se administra preferiblemente de forma oral como una sal aceptable desde el punto de vista farmacéutico. La sal preferida es la sal monosodio de citicolina, ya que esta forma está normalmente disponible con una pureza aceptable desde el punto de vista farmacéutico. El monosodio de citicolina es una forma de exógeno de citidina 5\cc, difosfato de colina (CDP-colina). El endógeno CDP-colina es un intermediario clave en la biosíntesis de la fosfatidilcolina, un componente lipídico primario de la membrana involucrado en la regulación dinámica de la integridad celular. Las dosis de citicolina se suministran según una base por paciente (oscilando entre aproximadamente 45 kg hasta 100 kg por paciente, o una media de 70 kg por paciente). Generalmente, las dosis diarias de citicolina pueden variar desde aproximadamente 100 mg hasta unos 5000 mg, preferiblemente desde 250 mg hasta 3000 mg, y más preferiblemente desde 500 mg hasta 2000 mg. Las dosis pueden ser administradas una sola vez o hasta cuatro o más veces al día. Una dosis altamente preferida es de 500 mg administrados dos veces al día a cada paciente. Si se requiere una mayor eficacia terapéutica se recomienda una administración de 2000 mg en una sola toma o repartida en dos tomas de 1000 mg. Citicoline is preferably administered orally as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The preferred salt is the monosodium salt of citicoline, since this form is normally available with a pharmaceutically acceptable purity. The citicoline monosodium is an exogenous form of citidine 5, choline diphosphate (CDP-choline). The endogenous CDP-choline is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a primary lipid component of the membrane involved in the dynamic regulation of cellular integrity. Citicoline doses are given on a per patient basis (ranging from approximately 45 kg to 100 kg per patient, or an average of 70 kg per patient). Generally, daily doses of citicoline may vary from about 100 mg to about 5000 mg, preferably from 250 mg to 3000 mg, and more preferably from 500 mg to 2000 mg. Doses can be administered only once or up to four or more times a day. A highly preferred dose is 500 mg administered twice daily to each patient. If greater therapeutic efficacy is required, an administration of 2000 mg in a single dose or divided into two doses of 1000 mg is recommended.
La duración del tratamiento es variable, pero se ha observado que los pacientes toleran bien la citicolina en dosis comprendidas entre los 250 mg y los 2000 mg aproximadamente en periodos prolongados, es decir, desde varias semanas hasta varios años. Las dosis deben variar a lo largo del tiempo dependiendo de la gravedad de los síntomas, de la tolerancia individual de cada paciente, ruta de administración y respuesta al tratamiento. Éste puede ser continuado de forma indefinida si se tolera bien. The duration of treatment is variable, but it has been observed that patients tolerate citicoline well in doses ranging from approximately 250 mg to 2000 mg over prolonged periods, that is, from several weeks to several years. The doses should vary over time depending on the severity of the symptoms, the individual tolerance of each patient, route of administration and response to treatment. This can be continued indefinitely if it is well tolerated.
En otra realización particular de la invención, la cantidad de dicho activador de SIRT-1 , en particular, la dosis de resveratrol a administrar en la composición de la invención es de entre 0,1 mg a 500 mg. Más preferiblemente, la cantidad de activador de SIRT-1 a administrar es de entre 1 mg a 500 mg. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the amount of said SIRT-1 activator, in particular, the dose of resveratrol to be administered in the composition of the invention is between 0.1 mg to 500 mg. More preferably, the amount of SIRT-1 activator to be administered is between 1 mg to 500 mg.
Además de contener los portadores y/o excipientes farmacéuticos estándar, en una realización particular de la invención, la composición de la invención también puede contener otras sustancias terapéuticas activas. Así, la composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención, si se desea, puede usarse junto con otros fármacos, por ejemplo, fármacos útiles en el tratamiento de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares, en particular, de la isquemia cerebral, con el fin de aumentar la eficiencia de la composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención, generándose de este modo una terapia de combinación. Dichos fármacos adicionales pueden formar parte de la misma composición farmacéutica o, alternativamente, pueden facilitarse como una composición farmacéutica separada para su administración al mismo tiempo (administración simultánea) que la composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención o en momentos diferentes (administración secuencial) respecto a la administración de la composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención. En otro aspecto, la presente invención se refiere al uso de una composición farmacéutica que comprende una combinación de (i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (ii) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de un activador de SIRT1 para la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento y/o prevención de una enfermedad cerebrovascular, en particular, para el tratamiento de la isquemia cerebral. In addition to containing the standard pharmaceutical carriers and / or excipients, in a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention may also contain other active therapeutic substances. Thus, the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention, if desired, can be used together with other drugs, for example, drugs useful in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular cerebral ischemia, in order to increase the efficiency of the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention, thereby generating a combination therapy. Such additional drugs may be part of the same pharmaceutical composition or, alternatively, may be provided as a separate pharmaceutical composition for administration at the same time (simultaneous administration) as the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention or at different times (sequential administration) with respect to the administration of the pharmaceutical composition provided by this invention. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator. for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of a cerebrovascular disease, in particular, for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
En otro aspecto, la invención se relaciona con un método para la prevención y/o tratamiento de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares, en particular, de la isquemia cerebral, que comprende administrar a un sujeto en necesidad de tratamiento una cantidad terapéuticamente eficiente de una composición farmacéutica proporcionada por esta invención que comprende citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y un activador de SIRT1. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for the prevention and / or treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, in particular, of cerebral ischemia, which comprises administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically efficient amount of a pharmaceutical composition provided. by this invention comprising citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an activator of SIRT1.
A lo largo de la descripción y las reivindicaciones la palabra "comprende" y sus variantes, tal como "comprendiendo", no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants, such as "comprising", are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps.
Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención serán evidentes con el examen de la descripción o se pueden conocer por la práctica de la invención. Los siguientes ejemplos se proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be apparent upon examination of the description or may be known from the practice of the invention. The following examples are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
EJEMPLOS EXAMPLES
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS MATERIALS AND METHODS
Modelo de isquemia cerebral focal permanente en rata Model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rat
Los ensayos se efectuaron en ratas Fischer macho de peso 250-300g. Las ratas fueron anestesiadas con halotano 1.5% en una mezcla de nitrógeno 70%/oxígeno 30%. Se insertó una cánula en la arteria femoral para la monitorización continua de la presión y la toma de muestras de sangre para el análisis de pH, gases y glucosa. Las temperaturas corporales y cerebrales se mantuvieron a 36.5±0.5°C durante todo el proceso. Las variables fisiológicas estudiadas no fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos de animales antes, durante o después de la oclusión de la arteria cerebral media (OACM o MCAO) (datos no presentados). La isquemia cerebral focal permanente fue inducida por ligadura de la arteria carótida común izquierda (ACC) y oclusión de la arteria cerebral media distal ipsilateral (ACM) tal como se ha descrito anteriormente (Hurtado et al., 2008. Delayed post-ischemic administration of CDP-choline increases EAAT2 association to lipid rafts and affords neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2008. 29:123- 131). En resumen, para la ligadura de la ACC, se efectuó una incisión cervical ventral longitudinal y se aisló la ACC ipsilateral ocluyéndola permanentemente con una ligadura de hilo de seda. Después, se realizó una pequeña cranioctomía sobre el tronco de la ACM y encima de la fisura rinal. En algunos ensayos, para la oclusión, la ACM se elevó y se cauterizó (oclusión de la arteria cerebral media; OACM). Por otra parte, en los ensayos dirigidos al estudio de la sinergia entre CDP-colina y resveratrol, la ACM se ligó con una sutura 9-0 justo antes de su bifurcación en las ramas frontal y parietal. A continuación, también se ocluyó la ACC con una ligadura de hilo de seda y se confirmó la interrupción completa del flujo sanguíneo en un microscopio quirúrgico. Finalmente, una hora después, se reabrió la ACC contralateral. The tests were carried out on male Fischer rats weighing 250-300g. The rats were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane in a mixture of 70% nitrogen / 30% oxygen. A cannula was inserted into the femoral artery for continuous pressure monitoring and blood sampling for pH, gas and glucose analysis. Body and brain temperatures were maintained at 36.5 ± 0.5 ° C throughout the process. The physiological variables studied were not significantly different between groups of animals before, during or after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (OACM or MCAO) (data not shown). Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left common carotid artery ligation (ACC) and ipsilateral distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (ACM) as described previously (Hurtado et al., 2008. Delayed post-ischemic administration of CDP-choline increases EAAT2 association to lipid rafts and affords neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2008. 29: 123-131). In summary, for the ACC ligation, a longitudinal ventral cervical incision was made and the ipsilateral ACC was isolated by permanently occluding it with a silk thread ligation. Then, a small cranioctomy was performed on the trunk of the MCA and on top of the rinal fissure. In some trials, for occlusion, the MCA was elevated and cauterized (occlusion of the middle cerebral artery; OACM). On the other hand, in the trials aimed at studying the synergy between CDP-choline and resveratrol, the ACM was ligated with a 9-0 suture just before its bifurcation in the frontal and parietal branches. Next, the ACC was also occluded with a silk thread ligation and the complete interruption of blood flow was confirmed in a surgical microscope. Finally, an hour later, the contralateral ACC was reopened.
Las ratas en la cuales la ACM estaba expuesta pero no ocluida sirvieron como controles con intervención simulada (SHAM). Después de la intervención quirúrgica, los animales fueron devueltos a sus jaulas y tuvieron libre acceso a la comida y a la bebida. La temperatura corporal de los animales se monitorizó durante toda la experimentación y se mantuvo a 37.5±0.5°C empleando una manta térmica. Todos los procesos cumplieron con los criterios del Comité del Cuidado de Animales de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de acuerdo con las Normas UE (86/609/CEE, 2003/65/CE y RD 1201/2005). El índice de supervivencia de los animales hasta el final de la experimentación fue del 90%. Rats in which the MCA was exposed but not occluded served as controls with simulated intervention (SHAM). After surgery, the animals were returned to their cages and had free access to food and drink. The body temperature of the animals was monitored throughout the experiment and maintained at 37.5 ± 0.5 ° C using a thermal blanket. All processes met the criteria of the Animal Care Committee of the Complutense University of Madrid in accordance with EU Standards (86/609 / EEC, 2003/65 / CE and RD 1201/2005). The survival rate of the animals until the end of the experiment was 90%.
Grupos experimentales en isquemia cerebral focal Experimental groups in focal cerebral ischemia
La CDP-colina fue administrada por inyección intraperitoneal (i.p.). Se establecieron dos series de ensayos:  CDP-choline was administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Two series of trials were established:
En la primera serie, se utilizaron cuatro grupos de animales para los estudios proteómicos y su confirmación por medio de la prueba Western Blot: 1 ) animales controles con intervención simulada, sacrificados 24 horas después de la simulación (SHAM; n=4); 2) animales controles con intervención simulada + CDP-colina 2 g/kg (administrados 4 horas después de la intervención) y sacrificados 24 horas después de la administración (SHAM + CDP-colina; n=4); 3) animales con oclusión permanente de la arteria cerebral media + inyección i.p. de solución salina 4 horas después de la oclusión, sacrificados 24 h después de la administración de la solución salina (OACM; n=4); 4) animales con OACM permanente + inyección i.p. de CDP-colina 2 g/kg 4 horas después de la oclusión, sacrificados 24 horas después de la administración de citicolina (OACM+CDP-colina; n=4). Adicionalmente, para la determinación del volumen de infarto, los animales con el mismo protocolo de tratamiento fueron sacrificados 48 horas después de la oclusión (OACM; n=6; OACM+CDP; n=6). In the first series, four groups of animals were used for proteomic studies and their confirmation by means of the Western Blot test: 1) control animals with simulated intervention, slaughtered 24 hours after simulation (SHAM; n = 4); 2) control animals with simulated intervention + CDP-choline 2 g / kg (administered 4 hours after the intervention) and slaughtered 24 hours after administration (SHAM + CDP-choline; n = 4); 3) animals with permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery + ip injection of saline solution 4 hours after occlusion, slaughtered 24 h after administration of the saline solution (OACM; n = 4); 4) animals with permanent OACM + ip injection of CDP-choline 2 g / kg 4 hours after occlusion, slaughtered 24 hours after administration of citicoline (OACM + CDP-choline; n = 4). Additionally, for the determination of the volume of infarction, the animals with the Same treatment protocol were sacrificed 48 hours after occlusion (OACM; n = 6; OACM + CDP; n = 6).
En la segunda serie de ensayos dirigidos al estudio del efecto sinérgico entre CDP-colina y los activadores de SIRT1 , se utilizaron cuatro grupos de animales para la determinación del volumen de infarto: 1) animales con OACM + inyección i.p. de solución salina 10 minutos y 3 horas después de la OACM (OACM; n=8); 2) animales con OACM + CDP- colina (0.2g/kg 10 minutos después de la OACM; n=6); 3) animales con OACM + el activador de SIRT1 , resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg 3h después de la OACM; n=7); 4) animales con OACM+CDP-colina+resveratrol (0.2 g/kg CDP-colina 10 minutos y 2.5 mg/kg de resveratrol 3 horas después de OACM; n=6).  In the second series of trials aimed at the study of the synergistic effect between CDP-choline and SIRT1 activators, four groups of animals were used to determine the volume of infarction: 1) animals with OACM + injection i.p. of saline solution 10 minutes and 3 hours after the OWHC (OWHC; n = 8); 2) animals with OWHC + CDP-choline (0.2g / kg 10 minutes after the OWHC; n = 6); 3) animals with OACM + the activator of SIRT1, resveratrol (2.5 mg / kg 3h after the OACM; n = 7); 4) animals with OACM + CDP-choline + resveratrol (0.2 g / kg CDP-choline 10 minutes and 2.5 mg / kg of resveratrol 3 hours after OACM; n = 6).
Estudio proteómico Proteomic study
Se emplearon tres métodos proteómicos diferentes: proteómica clásica, método DIGE más MALDI-TOF y proteómica de expresión diferencial con mareaje iTRAQ más LC/MS/MS, en el Centro de Apoyo a la Investigación en Genómica y Proteómica de la UCM.  Three different proteomic methods were used: classical proteomics, DIGE method plus MALDI-TOF and differential expression proteomics with iTRAQ marking plus LC / MS / MS, at the UCM Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research.
Determinación del tamaño del infarto Determination of infarct size
Dos días después de la OACM, se sacrificaron los animales con una sobredosis de pentobarbital sódico para valorar la consecuencia del infarto. Se extrajo el cerebro y se cortaron porciones de 2 mm de espesor para obtener cortes coronales de 1 mm (Brain Matrix, WPI, UK) que se tiñeron con cloruro de 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazolio (1 % TTC en tampón fosfato 0.1 M). Se calcularon los volúmenes de infarto tomando muestras de cada lado de las secciones coronales con una cámara digital (Nikon Coolpix 990), y se analizaron las imágenes utilizando ImageJ 1.33u (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).  Two days after the OWHC, the animals were sacrificed with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital to assess the consequence of the infarction. The brain was removed and 2 mm thick portions were cut to obtain 1 mm coronal cuts (Brain Matrix, WPI, UK) that were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (1% TTC in 0.1 M phosphate buffer ). The infarct volumes were calculated by taking samples from each side of the coronal sections with a digital camera (Nikon Coolpix 990), and the images were analyzed using ImageJ 1.33u (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
La imagen digitalizada se proyectó en un video monitor, habiendo ocultado las condiciones experimentales al observador. El perímetro del hemisferio contralateral se superpuso al hemisferio ipsilateral para excluir edema, y se delinearon los márgenes del infarto con un cursor. Se determinó el área de infarto, que se encontraba sin teñir, por medio del recuento de pixeles contenidos en las regiones delineadas, y se expresó en milímetros cuadrados. Se integraron los volúmenes de infarto (en mm3 o en % de hemisferio infartado -VHI-) a partir de las áreas de infarto a lo largo de la extensión del infarto calculada como una proyección ortogonal. Todos los animales exhibieron infarto después del proceso de oclusión, el cual incluía la corteza, subcorteza y estriado, dependiendo de la intensidad de la lesión. Cultivo primario de neuronas corticales de ratas The digitized image was projected on a video monitor, having hidden the experimental conditions from the observer. The perimeter of the contralateral hemisphere was superimposed on the ipsilateral hemisphere to exclude edema, and the margins of the infarction were delineated with a cursor. The infarct area, which was unstained, was determined by counting pixels contained in the delineated regions, and expressed in square millimeters. Infarction volumes (in mm 3 or in% of infarcted hemisphere -VHI-) were integrated from the infarct areas along the length of the infarction calculated as an orthogonal projection. All animals exhibited infarction after the occlusion process, which included the cortex, subcortex and striatum, depending on the intensity of the lesion. Primary culture of rat cortical neurons
Los cultivos primarios de neuronas corticales de ratas se han realizado según está descrito (Romera et al., 2004. In vitro ischemic tolerance involves upregulation of glutamate transport partly mediated by the TACE/ADAM17-TNF-a pathway, J. Neurosci. 24, 1350-7). Los estudios se efectuaron in vitro a los días 9-10, tiempo en el cual los cultivos estaban compuestos del 94% de neuronas, tal como se ha determinado por citometría de flujo (Romera et al., 2004, citado supra). Análisis por Western Blot  Primary cultures of rat cortical neurons have been performed as described (Romera et al., 2004. In vitro ischemic tolerance involves upregulation of glutamate transport partly mediated by the TACE / ADAM17-TNF-a pathway, J. Neurosci. 24, 1350-7). The studies were carried out in vitro on days 9-10, at which time the cultures were composed of 94% neurons, as determined by flow cytometry (Romera et al., 2004, cited supra). Western Blot Analysis
Se recogió tejido cerebral del área peri-infarto de las ratas (n=4 para cada grupo) sacrificadas 24 horas después de la OACM. La concentración de proteínas se determinó por espectrofotometría (NanoDrop ND1000). Cantidades iguales de proteína total (10 pg) se resolvieron por SDS-PAGE y se transfirieron a una membrana de difluoruro de polivinilideno (PVDF) (HybondTM-P, Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Alemania). La inmunodetección se efectuó por procedimientos estándares. Se bloquearon las membranas con 5% de leche desnatada en TBS-T (0.05% Tween 20 en TBS) y se sondaron con anticuerpos primarios específicos contra SIRT1 (Santa Cruz; 1 : 100 dilución, banda 120 kDa) y se incluyeron anti-p-actina de ratón (Sigma; 1 :10000) y anti GAPDH de ratón (Sigma; 1 :10000) para normalizar la carga de proteína. Las proteínas reconocidas por el anticuerpo se revelaron utilizando el kit ECL según las instrucciones del fabricante (Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Alemania).  Brain tissue was collected from the peri-infarcted area of the rats (n = 4 for each group) sacrificed 24 hours after the OACM. Protein concentration was determined by spectrophotometry (NanoDrop ND1000). Equal amounts of total protein (10 pg) were resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF) (HybondTM-P, Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany). Immunodetection was performed by standard procedures. The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk in TBS-T (0.05% Tween 20 in TBS) and probed with specific primary antibodies against SIRT1 (Santa Cruz; 1: 100 dilution, 120 kDa band) and anti-p included - Mouse actin (Sigma; 1: 10000) and anti mouse GAPDH (Sigma; 1: 10000) to normalize the protein load. The proteins recognized by the antibody were revealed using the ECL kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Amersham Biosciences Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany).
Aislamiento de los extractos nucleares Isolation of nuclear extracts
Se recogieron las neuronas corticales de ratas cultivadas 24 horas después del tratamiento con 100 μΜ de CDP-colina en solución salina tamponada con fosfato (106 células/mL). El homogeneizado se centrifugó a 4°C, 12.000 x g. Se descartó el sobrenadante y los extractos nucleares se prepararon tal como se describe: se homogeneizaron células neuronales corticales de ratas en 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 1.5 mM MgCI2, 10 mM KCI, y 0.5% Nonidet P-40. Los núcleos se sedimentaron a 12.000 x g durante 1 minuto a 4°C y sometidos a lisis en 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCI2, 420 mM NaCI y 0.2 mM EDTA. Después de centrifugación (12.000 g x durante 5 minutos a 4°C), el pellet se descartó. Aislamiento de células mononucleares de sangre periférica de ratas 24 horas después de la administración de 2 g/kg de CDP-colina en ratas Fischer, se recogieron muestras de sangre en un tubo de centrífuga con 2 mi de sangre tratada con anticoagulante y un volumen igual de solución salina tamponada con fosfato (pH 7.6). Se añadió Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Suecia) al tubo de centrífuga y se colocaron con cuidado en capas las muestras de sangre diluida en Ficoll- Paque Premium. La muestra se centrifugó a 400 x g durante 20 minutos a 20°C y la capa de células mononucleares se transfirió a un tubo de centrífuga estéril. Las células mononucleares se suspendieron en un tampón de homogeneización y se mezclaron con tampón de muestra de electroforesis para el análisis Western Blot. Cortical neurons were collected from cultured rats 24 hours after treatment with 100 μΜ of CDP-choline in phosphate buffered saline (10 6 cells / mL). The homogenate was centrifuged at 4 ° C, 12,000 x g. The supernatant was discarded and the nuclear extracts were prepared as described: rat cortical neuronal cells were homogenized in 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM KCI, and 0.5% Nonidet P-40. The nuclei were sedimented at 12,000 xg for 1 minute at 4 ° C and lysed in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCl 2 , 420 mM NaCI and 0.2 mM EDTA. After centrifugation (12,000 gx for 5 minutes at 4 ° C), the pellet was discarded. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rats 24 hours after the administration of 2 g / kg of CDP-choline in Fischer rats, blood samples were collected in a centrifuge tube with 2 ml of blood treated with anticoagulant and an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.6 ). Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Sweden) was added to the centrifuge tube and blood samples diluted in Ficoll-Paque Premium were carefully layered. The sample was centrifuged at 400 xg for 20 minutes at 20 ° C and the mononuclear cell layer was transferred to a sterile centrifuge tube. The mononuclear cells were suspended in a homogenization buffer and mixed with electrophoresis sample buffer for Western Blot analysis.
Determinación de la actividad de SIRT1 Determination of the activity of SIRT1
Para determinar la actividad SIRT1 , 24 horas después de la administración de 100 μΜ de CDP-colina se recogieron neuronas corticales cultivadas, y se analizaron los extractos totales, nucleares y citosólicos. Se recogieron las células después de la administración de CDP-colina, se lavaron en solución salina tamponada con fosfato (pH 7.4) y se homogeneizaron en tampón homogeneizador (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 1.5 mM MgCI2, 10 mM KCI, y 0.5% Nonidet P-40). Los núcleos se sedimentaron a 12.000 x g durante 1 min a 4°C y se lisaron en 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCI2, 420 mM NaCI y 0.2 mM EDTA. Tras una centrifugación (12,000 x g durante 5 minutos a 4°C), el pellet se descartó. El sobrenadante obtenido al final de la centrifugación se dializó utilizando un aparato Millipore Amicon Ultraconcentrator (YM-10) (Millipore, Carrigtwohill, Irlanda). El dializado resultante se conservó a -80°C hasta su empleo. Dicho la capa de las células mononucleares se utilizó como fuente del enzima para el ensayo enzimático de SIRT-1. La actividad enzimática de SIRT-1 se determinó utilizando un kit de ensayo de actividad por fluorescencia de SIRT1 (Biomol International) basado en el péptido sustrato Fluor de Lys-SIRT1. To determine the SIRT1 activity, 24 hours after the administration of 100 μΜ of CDP-choline, cultured cortical neurons were collected, and the total, nuclear and cytosolic extracts were analyzed. Cells were collected after administration of CDP-choline, washed in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) and homogenized in homogenizing buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 1.5 mM MgCI 2 , 10 mM KCI, and 0.5 % Nonidet P-40). The cores were sedimented at 12,000 xg for 1 min at 4 ° C and lysed in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCl 2 , 420 mM NaCI and 0.2 mM EDTA. After centrifugation (12,000 xg for 5 minutes at 4 ° C), the pellet was discarded. The supernatant obtained at the end of the centrifugation was dialyzed using a Millipore Amicon Ultraconcentrator (YM-10) apparatus (Millipore, Carrigtwohill, Ireland). The resulting dialysate was stored at -80 ° C until use. Said mononuclear cell layer was used as a source of the enzyme for the SIRT-1 enzyme assay. The enzymatic activity of SIRT-1 was determined using a fluorescence activity assay kit of SIRT1 (Biomol International) based on the Fluor Lys-SIRT1 substrate peptide.
Análisis estadístico Statistic analysis
Los resultados se expresan como media ± SEM del número indicado de ensayos. Las comparaciones entre los grupos de animales se efectuaron con el test-t de Student no pareado o la prueba ANOVA de un factor con la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni para comparaciones múltiples. Los resultados se consideraron significativos a p<0.05. RESULTADOS The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of the indicated number of trials. Comparisons between animal groups were made with the unpaired Student's t-test or the one-way ANOVA test with the Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The results were considered significant at p <0.05. RESULTS
Confirmación del efecto de CDP-colina sobre el volumen de infarto después de la OACM El volumen de infarto se determinó 48 horas después de la oclusión en los animales tratados con solución salina o con CDP-colina 2 g/kg 4 horas después de la oclusión. El volumen de infarto determinado 48 horas después de la OACM mostró una reducción en el grupo tratado con CDP-colina (Figura 1 ). Estas condiciones de neuroprotección se seleccionaron para el estudio. Confirmation of the effect of CDP-choline on the volume of infarction after the OWHC The volume of infarction was determined 48 hours after occlusion in animals treated with saline or with CDP-choline 2 g / kg 4 hours after occlusion. The volume of infarction determined 48 hours after the OHIM showed a reduction in the group treated with CDP-choline (Figure 1). These neuroprotection conditions were selected for the study.
Estudio proteómico en cerebro de ratas control y ratas tratadas con CDP-colina después de la exposición a la OACM permanente Proteomic study in the brain of control rats and rats treated with CDP-choline after exposure to permanent LMO
Con las tres técnicas proteómicas empleadas se han identificado varias proteínas que experimentaron cambios >20%, entre las cuales se seleccionó SIRT1 , la cual fue aumentada por CDP-colina en el cerebro tanto de ratas controles con intervención simulada (SHAM) como de las expuestas a OACM.  With the three proteomic techniques used, several proteins have been identified that underwent changes> 20%, among which SIRT1 was selected, which was increased by CDP-choline in the brain of both control rats with simulated intervention (SHAM) and those exposed to OACM.
Confirmación por el análisis Western Blot del aumento inducido por CDP-colina en los niveles de SIRT1 en homogenados de cerebro de rata Confirmation by Western Blot analysis of the increase induced by CDP-choline in SIRT1 levels in rat brain homogenates
A fin de confirmar que la CDP-colina es capaz de aumentar los niveles de SIRT1 , se determinó la presencia de esta proteína por medio de análisis Western Blot en homogenados de cerebro. Tal como muestra la Figura 2, los niveles de proteínas de SIRT1 aumentaron después de la OACM. Más especialmente, la CDP-colina aumentó dichos niveles tanto en las ratas controles con intervención simulada (SHAM) como de las expuestas a OACM.  In order to confirm that CDP-choline is capable of increasing SIRT1 levels, the presence of this protein was determined by Western Blot analysis in brain homogenates. As Figure 2 shows, SIRT1 protein levels increased after the OACM. More especially, CDP-choline increased these levels in both control rats with simulated intervention (SHAM) and those exposed to OACM.
CDP-colina aumentó los niveles de SIRT1 en las fracciones nucleares y citosólicas de neuronas corticales cultivadas de rata CDP-choline increased SIRT1 levels in nuclear and cytosolic fractions of rat cultured cortical neurons
Se ha descrito que la localización subcelular de SIRT1 , aunque referida principalmente como nuclear, podría cambiar en respuesta a diferentes estímulos, lo que podría implicar un mecanismo regulador de dicha proteína. Se ha estudiado si la CDP-colina afecta la expresión y la localización subcelular de SIRT1 en neuronas corticales de rata tratadas durante 24 horas con CDP-colina. El tratamiento de neuronas corticales cultivadas con CDP-colina (100 μΜ) aumentó los niveles de SIRT1 en dichas células, localizándose este aumento principalmente en la fracción nuclear de dichas células (Fig. 3A, B). It has been described that the subcellular location of SIRT1, although mainly referred to as nuclear, could change in response to different stimuli, which could imply a regulatory mechanism of said protein. It has been studied whether CDP-choline affects the expression and subcellular localization of SIRT1 in rat cortical neurons treated for 24 hours with CDP-choline. The treatment of cortical neurons cultured with CDP-choline (100 μΜ) increased the levels of SIRT1 in said cells, this increase being located mainly in the nuclear fraction of said cells (Fig. 3A, B).
Actividad de SIRT1 en las fracciones nucleares y citosólicas de neuronas corticales cultivadas de ratas tratadas con CDP-colina SIRT1 activity in nuclear and cytosolic fractions of cultured cortical neurons of rats treated with CDP-choline
Los resultados aquí mostrados indican que la CDP-colina aumenta la expresión de SIRT1 tanto en homogenados de cerebro como en extractos nucleares de neuronas corticales de ratas. Posteriormente se determinó si esta expresión aumentada estaba correlacionada con un aumento en la actividad enzimática de SIRT1 , en los extractos totales, nucleares y citosólicos de neuronas corticales de ratas tratadas durante 24 horas con CDP-colina (100 μΜ). Los resultados demuestran que, de acuerdo con los niveles de expresión de SIRT1 , la CDP-colina aumentó significativamente la actividad de SIRT1 en los extractos totales y nucleares de dichas células (Fig. 3C). The results shown here indicate that CDP-choline increases the expression of SIRT1 both in brain homogenates and in nuclear extracts of cortical neurons of rats Subsequently, it was determined whether this increased expression was correlated with an increase in the enzymatic activity of SIRT1, in the total, nuclear and cytosolic extracts of cortical neurons of rats treated for 24 hours with CDP-choline (100 μΜ). The results show that, according to the expression levels of SIRT1, CDP-choline significantly increased the activity of SIRT1 in the total and nuclear extracts of said cells (Fig. 3C).
CDP-colina aumentó los niveles de SIRT1 en células mononucleares CDP-choline increased levels of SIRT1 in mononuclear cells
A continuación, se examinó si la CDP-colina podría afectar la expresión proteica de SIRT1 no sólo en el cerebro de ratas y neuronas cultivadas, sino también en otras células, tal como las células mononucleares de sangre periférica. Los resultados muestran que los niveles de expresión proteica de SIRT1 fueron significativamente superiores en las células mononucleares circulantes de ratas tratadas con CDP-colina, cuando se comparó con las ratas control (Fig. 4). Next, it was examined whether CDP-choline could affect the protein expression of SIRT1 not only in the brain of rats and cultured neurons, but also in other cells, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results show that SIRT1 protein expression levels were significantly higher in circulating mononuclear cells of rats treated with CDP-choline, when compared to control rats (Fig. 4).
Efecto sinérgico entre CDP-colina y el activador de SIRT1 resveratrol Synergistic effect between CDP-choline and the activator of SIRT1 resveratrol
Debido a que se ha demostrado que la CDP-colina aumenta la expresión proteica de SIRT1 , se analizó si esta sustancia podría exhibir efectos sinérgicos con otros compuestos que actúan como activadores de la actividad enzimática de SIRT1. Por tanto, se estudió el efecto de la asociación de dosis sub-efectivas de CDP-colina (200 mg/kg) y del activador de SIRT1 , resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg). Los datos muestran (Fig. 5) que la asociación de estas dos sustancias posee un notable efecto sinérgico demostrado en forma de una reducción del 60% en el volumen de infarto después de la OACM. DISCUSIÓN Since it has been shown that CDP-choline increases the protein expression of SIRT1, it was analyzed whether this substance could exhibit synergistic effects with other compounds that act as activators of the enzymatic activity of SIRT1. Therefore, the effect of the association of sub-effective doses of CDP-choline (200 mg / kg) and the activator of SIRT1, resveratrol (2.5 mg / kg) was studied. The data show (Fig. 5) that the association of these two substances has a remarkable synergistic effect demonstrated in the form of a 60% reduction in the volume of infarction after the LMO. DISCUSSION
En la presente invención se ha demostrado que la CDP-colina aumenta la expresión de SIRT1 en cerebro de rata in vivo tanto de animales control como expuestos a OACM de forma concomitante a su efecto neuroprotector, e in vitro en células mononucleares de sangre circulante, y en neuronas corticales cultivadas de rata. Considerando las acciones beneficiosas de SIRT1 en el SNC, los resultados sugieren firmemente que esta enzima está implicada en los efectos neuroprotectores inducidos por CDP-colina. Además, los resultados presentes demuestran por primera vez un potente efecto sinérgico con un activador de SIRT1 , resveratrol  In the present invention it has been shown that CDP-choline increases the expression of SIRT1 in rat brain in vivo from both control animals and exposed to OACM concomitantly to its neuroprotective effect, and in vitro in circulating blood mononuclear cells, and in rat cultured cortical neurons. Considering the beneficial actions of SIRT1 in the CNS, the results strongly suggest that this enzyme is involved in the neuroprotective effects induced by CDP-choline. In addition, the results present demonstrate for the first time a potent synergistic effect with a SIRT1 activator, resveratrol

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Una composición farmacéutica que comprende una combinación de (i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (ii) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de un activador de SIRT1 junto uno o más vehículos farmacéuticamente aceptables para su uso como medicamento para el tratamiento y/o prevención de una enfermedad cerebrovascular.  1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for use. as a medicine for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
2. Composición según la reivindicación 1 , donde dicho activador de SIRT1 se selecciona del grupo formado por resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimetoxi-N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1-ilmetil)imidazo[2,1- b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)benzamida, N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1 -ilmetil)imidazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6- il)fenil)quinoxalin-2-carboxamida, (R)-N-(2-(3-((3-hidroxipirrolindin-1 -il)metil)imidazo[2, 1 - b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)-2-naftamida. 2. Composition according to claim 1, wherein said SIRT1 activator is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2,1- b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazol-6- yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, ( R) -N- (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
3. Composición según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, donde dicha enfermedad cerebrovascular es la isquemia cerebral. 3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said cerebrovascular disease is cerebral ischemia.
4. Composición según la reivindicación 3, donde dicha isquemia cerebral es isquemia cerebral aguda o crónica. 4. Composition according to claim 3, wherein said cerebral ischemia is acute or chronic cerebral ischemia.
5. Composición según la reivindicación 4, donde dicha isquemia cerebral es ataque isquémico transitorio, traumatismo craneoencefálico o ictus cerebral. 5. Composition according to claim 4, wherein said cerebral ischemia is transient ischemic attack, craniocerebral trauma or cerebral stroke.
6. Composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, donde dicha composición se administra de forma separada, simultánea o secuencial. 6. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said composition is administered separately, simultaneously or sequentially.
7. Composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, donde dicho medicamento es para la administración por vía oral. 7. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said medicament is for oral administration.
8. Composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, donde dicho medicamento es para la administración por vía parenteral. 8. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said medicament is for parenteral administration.
9. Composición según la reivindicación 1 a 8, donde la dosis de citicolina o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable es de entre 100 mg y 5000 mg al día. 9. Composition according to claim 1 to 8, wherein the dose of citicoline or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is between 100 mg and 5000 mg per day.
10. Composición según la reivindicación 9, donde la dosis de citicolina o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable es de entre 500 mg y 2000 mg al día. 10. Composition according to claim 9, wherein the dose of citicoline or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is between 500 mg and 2000 mg daily.
1 1. Composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, donde la dosis de dicho activador de SIRT-1 es de entre 0,1 mg a 500 mg al día. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the dose of said SIRT-1 activator is between 0.1 mg to 500 mg daily.
12. Uso de una composición farmacéutica que comprende una combinación de (i) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de citicolina o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y (ii) una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de un activador de SIRT1 para la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento y/o prevención de una enfermedad cerebrovascular. 12. Use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of citicoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) a therapeutically effective amount of a SIRT1 activator for the preparation of a medicament for the Treatment and / or prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
13. Uso según la reivindicación 12, donde dicho activador de SIRT1 se selecciona del grupo formado por resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimetoxi-N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1-ilmetil)imidazo[2, 1 - b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)benzamida, N-(2-(3-(piperazin-1 -ilmetil)imidazo[2, 1 -b]tiazol-6- il)fenil)quinoxalin-2-carboxamida, (R)-N-(2-(3-((3-hidroxipirrolindin-1 -il)metil)imidazo[2, 1 - b]tiazol-6-il)fenil)-2-naftam¡da. 13. Use according to claim 12, wherein said SIRT1 activator is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-ylmethyl) imidazo [2, 1 - b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) benzamide, N- (2- (3- (piperazin-1-methylmethyl) imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazol-6- yl) phenyl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide, ( R) -N- (2- (3 - ((3-hydroxypyrrolindin-1-yl) methyl) imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazol-6-yl) phenyl) -2-naphthamide.
14. Uso según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 12 ó 13, donde dicha enfermedad cerebrovascular es isquemia cerebral. 14. Use according to any of claims 12 or 13, wherein said cerebrovascular disease is cerebral ischemia.
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