WO2013067799A1 - 多级单作用液压缸及具有其的工程机械 - Google Patents

多级单作用液压缸及具有其的工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013067799A1
WO2013067799A1 PCT/CN2012/073904 CN2012073904W WO2013067799A1 WO 2013067799 A1 WO2013067799 A1 WO 2013067799A1 CN 2012073904 W CN2012073904 W CN 2012073904W WO 2013067799 A1 WO2013067799 A1 WO 2013067799A1
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Prior art keywords
piston
hydraulic cylinder
chamber
acting hydraulic
stage single
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PCT/CN2012/073904
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王继努
李天富
费望龙
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湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重工股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013067799A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013067799A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/16Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type of the telescopic type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/204Control means for piston speed or actuating force without external control, e.g. control valve inside the piston

Definitions

  • Multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder and construction machine having the same
  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and more particularly to a multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder and a construction machine therewith.
  • the control method using the displacement sensor to control the cylinder speed of each stage is complicated, and the structural complexity, assembly difficulty and cost of the multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder are improved.
  • the present invention is directed to a multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder to solve the above-described problems of the prior art multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder.
  • a multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder comprising: a first piston sleeved in a first piston chamber and slidable along a first piston chamber; a first piston rod, and a first piston Connecting and passing through the first piston chamber; a central portion of the first piston and the first piston rod forms a second piston chamber; a second piston is sleeved in the second piston chamber and slidable along the second piston chamber; a piston rod is connected to the second piston and passes through the second piston chamber; the first piston is provided with a snap ring disposed on the second piston chamber, and the snap ring is provided with a rodless rod connecting the first piston chamber a first orifice of the chamber and the rodless chamber of the second piston chamber.
  • the first throttle hole is a fixed throttle hole, and includes a first hole segment, a tapered transition hole segment and a second hole segment, which are sequentially connected, the aperture of the second hole segment is smaller than the aperture of the first hole segment, and The second bore section is coupled to the rodless cavity of the second piston chamber.
  • the first orifice is a variable orifice.
  • the snap ring is screwed to the first piston.
  • the first throttle hole is centered.
  • first piston and the second piston are respectively provided with a rodless cavity communicating with the piston chamber in which the piston is located and a second orifice having a rod cavity.
  • a plurality of second orifices are disposed on the first piston and the second piston.
  • the multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder is a two-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder, and the cylinder of the second-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder forms a first piston chamber.
  • first piston and the first piston rod are integrally formed.
  • the first piston is provided with a snap ring disposed on the second piston cavity
  • the snap ring is provided with a rodless cavity connecting the first piston cavity and the second piston cavity without the rod a first orifice of the chamber, such that when the first piston drives the first piston rod stroke, the hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber of the second piston chamber through the first orifice, and pushes the second piston to move, although The diameter of the two piston chambers becomes smaller with respect to the first piston chamber, and the load of the second piston rod becomes smaller, but under the active throttling of the first orifice, the hydraulic oil is injected into the rodless chamber of the second piston chamber more slowly.
  • the second piston drives the second piston rod to operate at a constant speed, thereby providing a multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder with a structural unit, easy assembly, low cost and ensuring uniform operation of the piston rods.
  • the multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder of the present invention does not need to be thinner, so it is also suitable for working conditions with large pressure shock.
  • Figure 1 is a view schematically showing the structure of a multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged structure of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows the structure of the snap ring of the present invention.
  • a first piston chamber 10 is formed in the cylinder 1 of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a first piston (i.e., a first-stage piston) 11 is sleeved in the first piston chamber 10 and slidable along the first piston chamber 10.
  • the first piston rod (i.e., the primary piston rod) 13 is coupled to the first piston 11 and passes through the first piston chamber 10.
  • the first piston 11 and the first piston rod 13 cooperate to divide the first piston chamber 10 into a rodless chamber 12 and a rod chamber (not labeled).
  • the first piston 1 1 and the first piston rod 13 form a second piston chamber 20.
  • a pressure oil passage 16 that communicates with the rodless chamber 12 is opened in the cylinder block 1.
  • a guide sleeve 15 of the first piston rod 13 is also disposed in the first piston chamber 10.
  • the second piston 21 (i.e., the secondary piston) is sleeved in the second piston chamber 20 and slidable along the second piston chamber 20.
  • the second piston rod (i.e., the secondary piston rod) 23 is coupled to the second piston 21 and is passed out of the second piston chamber 20.
  • the second piston 21 and the second piston rod 23 cooperate to divide the second piston chamber 20 into a rodless chamber 22 and a rod chamber (not labeled).
  • the first piston 11 is provided with a snap ring 3 disposed on the second piston chamber 20, and the snap ring 3 is provided with a rodless cavity 12 communicating with the first piston cavity 10 and a rodless cavity 22 of the second piston cavity 20.
  • the first orifice 30 allows the hydraulic oil to pass through the first orifice 30 to enter the rodless chamber 22 of the second piston chamber 20, thereby pushing the second piston 21 to move the second piston rod 23.
  • the snap ring 3 is screwed to the first piston 11, and the connection is reliable and easy to assemble and disassemble.
  • the first piston 11 and the first piston rod 13 are integrally formed, or may be welded together.
  • the working principle of the two-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder according to the present invention is as follows:
  • the hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber 12 through the pressure oil passage 16, and then pushes the first piston 1 1 and the first piston rod 13 to move, and then the second The piston 21 and the second piston rod 23 move at a constant speed.
  • the first piston 11 stops moving and generates an impact on the cylinder 1.
  • the second piston 21 drives the second piston rod 23 to start moving along the second piston chamber 20.
  • a multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder having a structural unit, easy assembly, low cost, and ensuring uniform operation of the piston rods at all levels is provided.
  • the multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder does not need to make the cylinder thin, so it is also suitable for working conditions with large pressure shock.
  • the first orifice 30 is a fixed orifice, that is, the first orifice is an orifice having a constant flow rate, and the fixed orifice can be directly processed on the snap ring 3.
  • a preferred embodiment of a fixed orifice is shown comprising a first bore section 31, a tapered transition bore section 32 and a second bore section 33 which are connected in series, the second bore section 33 having a smaller diameter
  • the aperture of the first bore section 31, and the second bore section 33 is coupled to the rodless cavity 22 of the second piston chamber 20 to achieve an active throttling effect.
  • the first orifice 30 is a variable orifice, that is, the first orifice 30 is an orifice having an adjustable flow rate.
  • the variable orifice can be realized by installing a flow regulating member in a fixed orifice opened in the snap ring 3, or by installing a standard orifice member on the snap ring 3.
  • the first orifice 30 is a variable orifice, it can adapt to different needs of different working conditions.
  • the first orifice 30 is centrally disposed to force the second piston 21 to be uniform.
  • the first piston 11 and the second piston 21 are provided with a rodless cavity communicating with the piston chamber in which they are located and a second orifice 60 having a rod cavity.
  • the second orifice 60 only acts as a through-flow, so that the oil of the rod chamber of each piston chamber can flow into the rod-free cavity, and the back pressure is not possible, the pressure shock to the hydraulic cylinder is reduced, and the sealing member is protected.
  • the first piston 11 and the second piston 21 are each provided with a plurality of second orifices 60, and the plurality of second orifices 60 on each piston are uniformly disposed in the circumferential direction.
  • the two-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder is taken as an example, it is obvious that the technical solution of the present invention can also be applied to the multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder of two or more stages, and is installed on the pistons of each stage.
  • the snap ring 3 with the first orifice 30 limits the flow of hydraulic oil entering the adjacent piston chamber by means of active throttling, and realizes constant speed operation of the piston rods of each stage.
  • the multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder of the present invention utilizes the change of the internal structure of the piston chamber of the adjacent stage, adopts the method of active throttling to maintain the constant speed of the piston rods of each stage, has the advantages of reliable single barrel, and is resistant to impact. Strike, can withstand large load shocks.
  • the present invention also provides a construction machine provided with the above-described multi-stage single-acting hydraulic cylinder.
  • the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., which are included in the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种多级单作用液压缸及具有其的工程机械。根据本发明的多级单作用液压缸包括:第一活塞,套设在第一活塞腔内并可沿第一活塞腔滑动;第一活塞杆,与第一活塞连接并从第一活塞腔中穿出;第一活塞和第一活塞杆的中部形成第二活塞腔;第二活塞,套设在第二活塞腔内并可沿第二活塞腔滑动;第二活塞杆,与第二活塞连接并从第二活塞腔中穿出;第一活塞上设置有盖设在第二活塞腔上的卡环,且卡环上设有连通第一活塞腔的无杆腔与第二活塞腔的无杆腔的第一节流孔。根据本发明的工程机械,设置有上述的多级单作用液压缸。采用本发明的技术方案,利用主动节流的方式保持各级活塞杆的恒速性,而且可承受较大的载荷冲击。

Description

多级单作用液压缸及具有其的工程机械
本申请要求于 2011 年 11 月 11 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110357376. 4、 发明名称为 "多级单作用液压缸及具有其的工程积 " 的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种多级单作用液压缸及 具有其的工程机械。
背景技术
目前, 多级单作用液压缸大部分采用的是伸缩式套筒液压缸, 该类型 液压缸的特点是结构筒单、成本低。但是多级单作用液压缸在运行过程中, 液压油在每次推动下一级活塞运动时, 由于缸径及负载的变化, 下一级活 塞杆容易发生窜动, 导致液压缸的运行不稳定。 现有技术中为了控制各级 缸的运动速度均勾一致, 通常借助位移传感器或者其它辅助元件来实现各 级缸速度的控制。 采用位移传感器来控制各级缸速度的方式控制过程较复 杂, 且提高了多级单作用液压缸的结构复杂度、 组装难度及成本。 另外, 为了保证不同级的缸速度一致性, 还需要将液压缸缸壁做的比较薄, 使得 多级单作用液压缸不适合压力沖击比较大的工况。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种多级单作用液压缸, 以解决现有技术的多级单作 用液压缸存在的上述问题。
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种多级单作用液压缸, 包括: 第一 活塞, 套设在第一活塞腔内并可沿第一活塞腔滑动; 第一活塞杆, 与第一 活塞连接并从第一活塞腔中穿出; 第一活塞和第一活塞杆的中部形成第二 活塞腔; 第二活塞, 套设在第二活塞腔内并可沿第二活塞腔滑动; 第二活 塞杆, 与第二活塞连接并从第二活塞腔中穿出; 第一活塞上设置有盖设在 第二活塞腔上的卡环, 且卡环上设有连通第一活塞腔的无杆腔与第二活塞 腔的无杆腔的第一节流孔。
进一步地, 第一节流孔为固定节流孔, 其包括依次连接的第一孔段、 锥形过渡孔段和第二孔段, 第二孔段的孔径小于第一孔段的孔径, 且第二 孔段与第二活塞腔的无杆腔连接。 进一步地, 第一节流孔为可变节流孔。
进一步地, 卡环与第一活塞螺接。
进一步地, 第一节流孔居中设置。
进一步地, 第一活塞和第二活塞上均开设有连通其所在活塞腔的无杆 腔与有杆腔的第二节流孔。
进一步地, 第一活塞和第二活塞上均设置有多个第二节流孔。
进一步地, 多级单作用液压缸为二级单作用液压缸, 二级单作用液压 缸的缸体形成第一活塞腔。
进一步地, 第一活塞和第一活塞杆一体成型。
根据本发明的另一个方面, 还提供了一种工程机械, 设置有上述的多 级单作用液压缸。
根据本发明的技术方案, 因在第一活塞上设置有盖设在第二活塞腔上 的卡环, 且卡环上设有连通第一活塞腔的无杆腔与第二活塞腔的无杆腔的 第一节流孔, 这样, 当第一活塞带动第一活塞杆行程结束后, 液压油通过 第一节流孔进入第二活塞腔的无杆腔中, 推动第二活塞运动, 虽然第二活 塞腔相对于第一活塞腔的直径变小、 第二活塞杆的负载变小, 但是在第一 节流孔的主动节流作用下, 液压油较緩慢地注入第二活塞腔的无杆腔中, 使得第二活塞带动第二活塞杆恒速运行, 从而提供了一种结构筒单、 组装 容易、 成本较低并能保证各活塞杆匀速运行的多级单作用液压缸。 另外, 本发明的多级单作用液压缸, 不需将缸体做薄, 因此还适用于压力沖击较 大的工况。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明 的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1示意性示出了本发明的多级单作用液压缸的结构;
图 2为图 1的局部放大结构; 以及
图 3示意性示出了本发明中卡环的结构。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是, 在不沖突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的 特征可以相互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 参见图 1 , 示出了本发明的一种多级单作用液压缸的优选结构。 如图 所示, 在本实施例中, 该多级单作用液压缸以两级单作用液压缸为例进行 说明。
具体地, 单作用液压缸的缸体 1内形成第一活塞腔 10 , 第一活塞(即 一级活塞) 11套设在第一活塞腔 10内并可沿第一活塞腔 10滑动。 第一活 塞杆 (即一级活塞杆) 1 3与第一活塞 11连接并从第一活塞腔 1 0中穿出。 第一活塞 11和第一活塞杆 1 3配合将第一活塞腔 10分为无杆腔 12和有杆 腔(图中未标号) 两部分。 第一活塞 1 1和第一活塞杆 1 3形成第二活塞腔 20。 缸体 1上开设有连通无杆腔 12的压力油通道 16。 在第一活塞腔 10内 还设置有第一活塞杆 1 3的导向套 15。
第二活塞 21 (即二级活塞)套设在第二活塞腔 20 内并可沿第二活塞 腔 20滑动。 第二活塞杆 (即二级活塞杆) 23与第二活塞 21连接并从第二 活塞腔 20中穿出。 第二活塞 21和第二活塞杆 23配合将第二活塞腔 20分 为无杆腔 22和有杆腔(图中未标号) 两部分。
第一活塞 11上设置有盖设在第二活塞腔 20上的卡环 3 , 卡环 3上设 有连通第一活塞腔 10的无杆腔 12与第二活塞腔 20的无杆腔 22的第一节 流孔 30 ,使得液压油通过第一节流孔 30才能进入第二活塞腔 20的无杆腔 22中, 进而推动第二活塞 21带动第二活塞杆 23运动。 优选地, 卡环 3与 第一活塞 11螺接, 这种连接方式连接可靠且拆装方便。 优选地, 第一活塞 11和第一活塞杆 1 3—体成型, 也可以是焊接在一起。
根据本发明的两级单作用液压缸的工作原理如下所述: 液压油通过压 力油通道 16进入无杆腔 12 , 进而推动第一活塞 1 1和第一活塞杆 1 3运动, 此时第二活塞 21和第二活塞杆 23随之等速运动。待第一活塞 11运动至设 定行程终点, 第一活塞 11停止运动, 并产生对缸体 1的沖击。 在通过第一 节流孔 30进入无杆腔 22的液压油的作用下,第二活塞 21带动第二活塞杆 23沿第二活塞腔 20开始运动。 因第一节流孔 30的节流作用, 液压油较緩 慢地注入第二活塞腔 20的无杆腔 22中,使得第二活塞 21带动第二活塞杆 23恒速运行, 不会发生窜动, 从而提供了一种结构筒单、 组装容易、 成本 较低并能保证各级活塞杆匀速运行的多级单作用液压缸。 另外, 本发明的 多级单作用液压缸, 不需将缸体做薄, 因此还适用于压力沖击较大的工况。 优选地, 第一节流孔 30为固定节流孔, 即第一节流孔为流量恒定的节 流孔, 固定节流孔可以通过在卡环 3上直接加工而成。 参见图 3 , 示出了 固定节流孔的一种优选实施方式, 其包括依次连接的第一孔段 31、 锥形过 渡孔段 32和第二孔段 33 , 第二孔段 33的孔径小于第一孔段 31的孔径, 且第二孔段 33与第二活塞腔 20的无杆腔 22连接, 以实现主动节流效果。
优选地, 第一节流孔 30为可变节流孔, 即第一节流孔 30为流量可调 节的节流孔。 可变节流孔可以通过在卡环 3上开设的固定节流孔中安装流 量调节件实现, 也可以通过在卡环 3上安装标准节流孔件来实现。 当第一 节流孔 30为可变节流孔时, 可以适应不同工况的不同需要。 优选地, 第一 节流孔 30居中设置, 以使第二活塞 21受力均匀。
由图中还可以看出, 优选地, 第一活塞 11和第二活塞 21上均开设有 连通其所在活塞腔的无杆腔与有杆腔的第二节流孔 60。 第二节流孔 60只 起到通流的作用, 使各活塞腔的有杆腔的油可以流入无杆腔中, 尽量不起 背压作用, 减少对于液压缸的压力沖击, 保护密封件。 优选地, 第一活塞 11和第二活塞 21上均设置有多个第二节流孔 60 , 各活塞上的多个第二节 流孔 60在周向上均匀设置。
需要说明的是,本实施例中虽然以二级单作用液压缸为例说明,显然, 本发明的技术方案还可以应用于二级以上的多级单作用液压缸, 通过在各 级活塞上安装带有第一节流孔 30的卡环 3 , 以主动节流的方式限制进入临 近级活塞腔的液压油流量, 实现各级活塞杆的恒速运行。
综上所述, 本发明的多级单作用液压缸利用临近级活塞腔内部结构的 变化, 采用主动节流的方式保持各级活塞杆的恒速性, 具有筒单可靠的优 点, 而且耐沖击, 可承受较大的载荷沖击。
本发明还提供了一种工程机械, 设置有上述的多级单作用液压缸。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种多级单作用液压缸, 包括:
第一活塞( 11 ),套设在第一活塞腔( 10 )内并可沿所述第一活塞腔( 10 ) 滑动; 第一活塞杆( 13 ), 与所述第一活塞( 11 )连接并从所述第一活塞腔 ( 10) 中穿出; 所述第一活塞(11 )和所述第一活塞杆(I3) 的中部形成 第二活塞腔(20);
第二活塞( 21 ),套设在第二活塞腔( 20 )内并可沿所述第二活塞腔( 20 ) 滑动; 第二活塞杆( 23 ), 与所述第二活塞( 21 )连接并从所述第二活塞腔 ( 20) 中穿出;
其特征在于,所述第一活塞( 11 )上设置有盖设在所述第二活塞腔( 20 ) 上的卡环( 3 ), 且所述卡环( 3 )上设有连通所述第一活塞腔( 10 )的无杆 腔( U ) 与所述第二活塞腔( 20 ) 的无杆腔( 11 ) 的第一节流孔( 30 )。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的多级单作用液压缸, 其特征在于, 所述第一 节流孔( 30 )为固定节流孔, 其包括依次连接的第一孔段( 31 )、 锥形过渡 孔段( 32 )和第二孔段( 33 ), 所述第二孔段( 33 )的孔径小于所述第一孔 段( 31 ) 的孔径, 且所述第二孔段( 33 )与所述第二活塞腔( 20 ) 的无杆 腔( 22 )连接。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的多级单作用液压缸, 其特征在于, 所述第一 节流孔(30) 为可变节流孔。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的多级单作用液压缸, 其特征在于, 所述卡环
( 3)与所述第一活塞(11 )螺接。
5、根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的多级单作用液压缸,其特征在 于, 所述第一节流孔(30)居中设置。
6、根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的多级单作用液压缸,其特征在 于, 所述第一活塞( 11 )和所述第二活塞( 21 )上均开设有连通其所在活 塞腔的无杆腔与有杆腔的第二节流孔(60)。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的多级单作用液压缸, 其特征在于, 所述第一 活塞(11 )和所述第二活塞(21 )上均设置有多个所述第二节流孔(60)。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的多级单作用液压缸, 其特征在于, 所述多级 单作用液压缸为二级单作用液压缸, 所述二级单作用液压缸的缸体( 1 )形 成所述第一活塞腔(10)。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的多级单作用液压缸, 其特征在于, 所述第一 活塞(11 )和所述第一活塞杆 ( 13)一体成型。
10、 一种工程机械, 其特征在于, 设置有权利要求 1至 9中任一项所述 的多级单作用液压缸。
PCT/CN2012/073904 2011-11-11 2012-04-12 多级单作用液压缸及具有其的工程机械 WO2013067799A1 (zh)

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