WO2013039417A1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement chimique a plasma de la houille - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement chimique a plasma de la houille Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013039417A1
WO2013039417A1 PCT/RU2011/000711 RU2011000711W WO2013039417A1 WO 2013039417 A1 WO2013039417 A1 WO 2013039417A1 RU 2011000711 W RU2011000711 W RU 2011000711W WO 2013039417 A1 WO2013039417 A1 WO 2013039417A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasma
coal
liquid
processing
separation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2011/000711
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Вячеслав Геннадьевич ПЕВГОВ
Original Assignee
Pevgov Vyacheslav Gennadievich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pevgov Vyacheslav Gennadievich filed Critical Pevgov Vyacheslav Gennadievich
Priority to PCT/RU2011/000711 priority Critical patent/WO2013039417A1/fr
Priority to RU2013116761/05A priority patent/RU2538252C2/ru
Publication of WO2013039417A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013039417A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0869—Feeding or evacuating the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0879—Solid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the coal industry, and in particular to methods of processing coal and devices for processing coal.
  • coal In terms of reserves, coal is the most important source of organic raw materials on Earth and one of the most affordable sources of energy, but burning coal leads to the formation of carbon dioxide, sulfur and other harmful substances.
  • An increase in the consumption of fossil coal is accompanied by an increase in the environmental load on the environment, since the combustion and processing of coal produces more harmful by-products than oil and gas.
  • catalytically active materials it was possible to use cheap and affordable metallurgical and boiler slags that contain elements such as Fe, Ni, Mn, as well as other elements capable of catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and the conversion of CO. Such catalytically active materials can be used in the gasification process until they are completely worn out. In the mode of circulation of slag particles at temperatures of 850 - 900 ° C and atmospheric pressure of the steam-air mixture, the degree of conversion of coal to gaseous products is 90%.
  • Electric discharge plasma allows simple methods to change the processing modes using the control of plasma parameters through the operating modes of the power source.
  • the technical result to which the invention is directed is to create a plasma-chemical processing of coal, which allows to reduce the cost of the process and increase the yield of liquid fractions by separating the products of coal processing into fractions, followed by selection of target fractions, separation of waste and returning the remaining fractions to the initial processing stage , as well as devices for plasma-chemical processing of coal, which implements the specified method, allowing increase the yield of liquid fractions by dividing the products of plasma-chemical processing of coal into fractions, followed by selection of target fractions, separation of waste and returning the remaining fractions to the initial stage of processing.
  • the proposed method of plasma-chemical processing of coal which carry out the processing of coal, both in continuous and in pulse-periodic mode of maintaining plasma in a plasma-chemical reactor, including a chamber for forming a film flow of a liquid medium, an internal electrode, an external electrode, inlet fitting, electric discharge chamber, fluid component outlet, and the outlet stream of the gaseous component, coal crumb in a hydrogen-containing solvent is used as a liquid medium, including with the content of gaseous components, the raw material obtained at the outlet is fed to a receiving tank, after which it is separated into fractions, and a liquid product is isolated, after which the gaseous fraction removes sorption wastes by means of sorption purification in the sorption purification unit, and solid fractions are removed from the liquid fraction in the solid fraction waste separation unit, then unspent raw materials e after sorption purification and after separation of the solid fraction waste, it is re-sent to the preparation chamber for subsequent processing and mixing with liquid and / or gaseous substances - hydrogen donors
  • a device for plasma chemical processing of coal is used.
  • the proposed device for plasma-chemical processing of coal providing processing of coal, both in continuous and in pulse-periodic mode of maintaining plasma in a plasma-chemical reactor, which contains a chamber for forming a film flow of a liquid medium, an internal electrode, an external electrode, inlet fitting, electric discharge chamber, the output of the flow of the liquid component, as well as the output of the flow of the gaseous component, using coal crumb as a liquid medium in a hydrogen-containing solvent, including with the content of gaseous components, ensuring the supply of the raw material obtained at the outlet to the receiving tank, followed by separation into fractions in the fraction separator, followed by separation of the liquid product, with the separation of gaseous waste by performing sorption purification in the sorption unit purification, as well as separation of solid fractions into waste in the separation unit of solid fractions, with the reprocessing of unspent raw materials after sorption purification and after mixing in the preparation chamber with liquid and / or gaseous substances - hydrogen donors in a ratio that
  • Figure 1 presents a diagram of a plasma chemical reactor for plasma chemical processing of coal, which includes a chamber for forming a film liquid stream 1, an external electrode 2, an internal electrode 3, an inlet fitting 4, an electric discharge chamber 5, an output of a stream of a liquid component 6, an output of a stream of a gaseous component 7.
  • Figure 2 presents a diagram of the proposed device for plasma-chemical processing of coal, which includes a plasma-chemical reactor 8, is schematically shown in Figure 1, the receiving tank 9, the fraction separator 10, the sorption treatment unit 11, the separation unit of solid fractions 12, the preparation chamber 13.
  • the separation of fractions is possible, for example, using a distillation column, designed to ensure the separation of the obtained reaction products into fractions, maintaining the temperature and pressure at a level that ensures that the target fractions are in a gaseous state, with the return of the unreacted feedstock for recycling after sorting at the fraction separation unit, in particular, at a distillation column, as well as with the return to the recycling of the past separation to the distillation column of the desired fractions, which are not used as outputs to provide exposure to the treated feedstock temperature plasma of electrical discharge to parameter E / N in the range of 1x10 "16 to 20x10" 16 x cm 2, where E is the intensity of the applied of the electric field created above the surface of the processed raw materials, where N is the total concentration of molecules and atoms in the plasma, it is envisaged to perform separation of the gas fraction, sorption purification of gas, including, for example, t H 2 S.
  • the stream of processed raw materials is fed tangentially into the chamber for forming the film flow of liquid 1.
  • the processed medium moves in a spiral, uniformly covering the inner surface of the outer cylinder - the outer electrode 2.
  • the device also includes an inner electrode - 3.
  • the processed feed is fed through the inlet 4.
  • the plasma is ignited in the electric discharge chamber 5. Plasma uniformly fills the coaxial gap between the electrodes.
  • a high density of radicals leads to an intense course of nonequilibrium reactions. In the event that hydrogen atoms or other light radicals will mainly be attached to the broken bonds, lighter hydrocarbons will appear in the reaction products compared to the initial ones.
  • raw materials in the form of a liquid component at exit 6 and a newly formed gaseous component at exit 7 from the plasma-chemical reactor 8 enter a receiving tank 9, from which solid, liquid, and gaseous components are separated separately by fraction separator 10, where solid waste is separated, and the rest are returned for re-processing into the preparation chamber 13.
  • the gaseous component after the sorption treatment unit 1 1 also enters the preparation chamber 13. Solid waste arrives after the separation unit about solids 12 moves in the preparation chamber 13.
  • Exposure of the feedstock is carried out electric discharge product temperature plasma with a value of the parameter E / N in the range of 1x10 "16 to 20x10" Bx 16 cm 2, where E - intensity of the applied electric field generated above the surface processed raw materials, where N is the total concentration of molecules and atoms in the plasma
  • the processed raw materials are exposed to low-temperature plasma products of electric discharge, and, thanks to the sorption gas cleaning unit, it is possible, for example, to carry out the desulphurization of a product obtained from coal, for example, coal.
  • Unreacted raw materials are returned to processing again after separation of solid waste, the content of which is largely determined by the presence of metal oxides and carbides, which otherwise would have been included in the ash after burning the product. Hydrocarbons that have undergone sorption treatment are also returned to recycling.
  • the proposed device for plasma-chemical processing of coal uses low-temperature electric discharge plasma, both in continuous and in pulsed-periodic mode of plasma maintenance - in which the plasma is more uniform, and allows the splitting of long organic molecules with the possibility of changing the processing modes of raw materials.
  • a device for plasma-chemical processing of coal allows you to make changes to the processing modes of raw materials - continuous or pulsed, allows you to use the unit for the separation of hydrocarbon fractions, allows sorption purification of the gaseous component, for example, of sulfur, which is in the form of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the device allows to reduce the ash content of coal processing products.
  • a device for plasma chemical processing of coal includes a plasma chemical reactor with a chamber for forming a film stream of heated fuel oil with coal particles suspended in it with particles smaller than 0.5 mm, an external electrode, an internal electrode, an inlet fitting, an electric discharge chamber, a liquid component flow outlet, a gaseous stream outlet components, in addition, the device includes a receiving tank, a fraction separator, a sorption treatment unit, a solid fraction waste separation unit, a preparation chamber. Carried out the processing of feedstock, which was a particle of coal suspended in fuel oil.
  • the raw materials were exposed to the products of low-temperature electric discharge plasma with an E / N parameter in the range from 1x10 "16 to 20x10 " 16 Vhcm 2 , where E is the applied electric field strength that was created above the surface of the processed raw materials, where N is the total concentration molecules and atoms in plasma.
  • Fuel oil heated to 250 ° ⁇ was used as a liquid component with coal particles suspended in it less than 0.5 mm in size, borothed with light hydrocarbons.
  • the thickness of the liquid film flowing through the electrode was 1–2 mm, with a gas gap thickness of 0, 2–0.5 mm.
  • the burning voltage When burning in continuous mode, the burning voltage was about 1500 volts with an average current of 5-6 amperes, while when burning in pulse-periodic mode, the voltage in the pulse on the electrodes was 2000 volts with an average current of about 1.5 amperes.
  • the burning voltage of an electric discharge depended weakly on the polarity of the electrodes.
  • the proposed plasma-chemical coal processing device uses low-temperature electric-discharge plasma, both in continuous and in pulse-periodic mode of plasma maintenance - in which the plasma is more uniform, and allows splitting of long organic molecules with the possibility of changing the processing modes of raw materials.
  • catalysts are introduced into the processed raw materials, including salts and oxides of heavy metals, for example, salts of iron, molybdenum, cobalt and other chemical elements with an empty internal electron shell or elements exhibiting several valency values in the compounds.
  • a method for plasma-chemical processing of coal is proposed, which allows to reduce the cost of the process and increase the yield of liquid fractions by separating the products of coal processing into fractions with subsequent selection of target fractions, waste separation and return of the remaining fractions to the initial stage of processing.
  • a device for plasma-chemical processing of coal that implements the indicated method, which allows increasing the yield of liquid fractions by separating the products of plasma-chemical processing of coal into fractions, followed by selection of target fractions, waste separation, and returning the remaining fractions to the initial processing stage.
  • the method of plasma-chemical processing of coal can improve the quality of the starting product, as well as the energy efficiency of its processing, the proposed device for plasma-chemical processing of coal allows you to implement this method.
  • the technical result is achieved by the creation of a plasma-chemical processing of coal, which allows to reduce the cost of the process and increase the yield of liquid fractions by separating the products of coal processing into fractions, followed by selection of target fractions, separation of waste and returning the remaining fractions to the initial processing stage, as well as by creating a device for plasma-chemical processing coal, implementing the specified method, allowing to increase the yield of liquid fractions by separation of products of plasma-chemical processing of coal into fractions, followed by selection of target fractions, separation of waste and return of the remaining fractions to the initial stage of processing.
  • the invention relates to the coal industry, and in particular to methods and devices for processing coal.
  • the proposed method and device for plasma-chemical processing of coal take the process of coal processing beyond the currently used equilibrium, thermal processing methods, reduce the cost of processing technology and increase the energy efficiency of methods for liquefying and / or gasifying coal.
  • the use of the proposed invention low-temperature plasma generated by the applied external electric field, provides a cheap alternative approach to solving the problem of liquefaction and / or gasification of coal.
  • the presence of free low-energy electrons with an energy of several eV in a low-temperature plasma is a source of effective channels for converting the electrical energy deposited in an electric-discharge plasma into the energy of breaking chemical bonds.
  • the inventions are implemented in practice and can find active application in industry and in scientific research.
  • the inventions can also be actively used to develop and introduce new technologies in the coal industry.

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'industrie houillère. Elle porte sur un procédé et un dispositif de traitement chimique à plasma de la houille dans un diluant hydrogéné à l'intérieur d'un réacteur chimique à plasma qui comprend une chambre de formation d'un flux sous forme de film d'un milieu liquide, une électrode interne, une électrode externe, une tubulure d'admission, une chambre à décharges électriques, et une sortie des composantes liquide et gazeuse. Les matières premières obtenues à la sortie sont séparées en un produit liquide et en fractions solide et gazeuse. On élimine les déchets des fractions solides dans la fraction solide, et on élimine les déchets de sorption dans la fraction gazeuse. Les matières premières non utilisées après la purification par sorption et après la séparation des déchets solides sont renvoyées dans la chambre de préparation. On traite les matières premières avec des produits de plasma basse température d'une décharge électrique. L'invention permet d'assurer une réduction de coûts du processus technologique et une augmentation de la production de fractions liquides.
PCT/RU2011/000711 2011-09-15 2011-09-15 Procede et dispositif de traitement chimique a plasma de la houille WO2013039417A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2011/000711 WO2013039417A1 (fr) 2011-09-15 2011-09-15 Procede et dispositif de traitement chimique a plasma de la houille
RU2013116761/05A RU2538252C2 (ru) 2011-09-15 2011-09-15 Способ плазмохимической переработки угля и устройство для плазмохимической переработки угля

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2011/000711 WO2013039417A1 (fr) 2011-09-15 2011-09-15 Procede et dispositif de traitement chimique a plasma de la houille

Publications (1)

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WO2013039417A1 true WO2013039417A1 (fr) 2013-03-21

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PCT/RU2011/000711 WO2013039417A1 (fr) 2011-09-15 2011-09-15 Procede et dispositif de traitement chimique a plasma de la houille

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WO (1) WO2013039417A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU190131U1 (ru) * 2018-12-10 2019-06-21 Дмитрий Сергеевич Лыков Реактор для электроимпульсной обработки

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7452514B2 (en) * 2000-09-19 2008-11-18 Timcal Sa Device and method for converting carbon containing feedstock into carbon containing materials, having a defined nanostructure
RU86415U1 (ru) * 2009-04-17 2009-09-10 Вячеслав Геннадьевич Певгов Генератор неравновесной плазмы
RU2391381C1 (ru) * 2009-02-03 2010-06-10 Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН Способ ожижения каменного угля
RU2008152503A (ru) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-10 Лев Николаевич Максимов (RU) Способ плазмохимической переработки веществ и устройство для его осуществления

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7452514B2 (en) * 2000-09-19 2008-11-18 Timcal Sa Device and method for converting carbon containing feedstock into carbon containing materials, having a defined nanostructure
RU2008152503A (ru) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-10 Лев Николаевич Максимов (RU) Способ плазмохимической переработки веществ и устройство для его осуществления
RU2391381C1 (ru) * 2009-02-03 2010-06-10 Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН Способ ожижения каменного угля
RU86415U1 (ru) * 2009-04-17 2009-09-10 Вячеслав Геннадьевич Певгов Генератор неравновесной плазмы

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RU2013116761A (ru) 2014-10-20
RU2538252C2 (ru) 2015-01-10

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