WO2012171598A1 - Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice - Google Patents

Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012171598A1
WO2012171598A1 PCT/EP2012/001743 EP2012001743W WO2012171598A1 WO 2012171598 A1 WO2012171598 A1 WO 2012171598A1 EP 2012001743 W EP2012001743 W EP 2012001743W WO 2012171598 A1 WO2012171598 A1 WO 2012171598A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
energy converter
wave energy
wave
coupling body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/001743
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin Hagemann
Nik Scharmann
Jos RITZEN
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2012171598A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012171598A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/1825—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/1825—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation
    • F03B13/183—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation of a turbine-like wom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave energy converter for converting energy from a wave motion of a fluid into another form of energy and a corresponding method.
  • US 2010/0150716 A1 discloses a system of several high-speed rotors with buoyancy rotors in which the rotor period is smaller than the wave period and a separate profile adjustment is made. By a suitable, but not further disclosed adjustment of the lift rotor resulting forces to be generated on the system, which can be used for different purposes.
  • a disadvantage of the system disclosed in US 2010/0150716 A1 is the use of high-speed rotors of the Voith-Schneider type, which require a great deal of effort in adjusting the lift rotor. These must be continuously adjusted in a not inconsiderable angle range in order to be adapted to the prevailing flow conditions prevailing on the lift rotor. To compensate for the forces acting on the individual rotors, resulting from rotor and generator torque forces more rotors are always required at defined distances from each other.
  • the object of the invention is to improve rotating wave energy converters, in particular in the sense of a greater energy yield and a lower constructional and / or control-related expense.
  • the present invention proposes a method for operating a wave energy converter and a correspondingly operable global energy converter having the features of the independent patent claims.
  • Preferred embodiments are the subject of the respective subclaims and the following description.
  • a wave energy converter which has at least one rotor which is coupled to at least one energy converter and which has at least one rotor base and at least one adjustable coupling body attached to the rotor base.
  • a longitudinal axis of the at least one coupling body is obliquely (i.e., not parallel) aligned or alignable with a rotational axis of the at least one rotor.
  • the coupling body are thus arranged according to the invention obliquely or angularly on the rotor, wherein their longitudinal axes at least temporarily run obliquely to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
  • the longitudinal axes may converge or diverge or be laterally offset from each other.
  • the angular arrangement can relate to both the radial and the axial alignment.
  • an angular arrangement of the at least one coupling body that affects the radial alignment has a stabilizing effect on the system performance to a certain extent. This results in a different optimal coupling body radius for different wave states. As described above, this can be made adjustable.
  • a radial-angled arrangement of the coupling body in this case in particular means that the machine can be operated over a wider range of wave states in the vicinity of an optimum. The overall system thus behaves more tolerantly and allows operation over a wider range of wave conditions, e.g. at different orbital radii.
  • the angularity can be designed adjustable. Such an adjustability of the coupling body angle may be easier to implement than a change in a lever arm length.
  • a corresponding angular arrangement can also be used to generate an axial force on a respective rotor, which can be used in addition to a previously mentioned and hereinafter explained in more detail effective force perpendicular to the rotor axis to compensate for other forces or for changing the position.
  • the invention presented here generally considers plants with a rotary action principle, eg also converters with several rotors, as shown for example in FIG.
  • the after- The following explanations therefore apply in principle to wave energy converters with one or more rotors.
  • a wave energy converter with at least one, as explained below, advantageously provided synchronously or largely synchronously to a wave (orbital) movement or flow rotating rotor for the conversion of energy from a wavy body, which is energetically and control technology advantageous, and at which can also be influenced by a corresponding operation or a corresponding constructive design specifically resulting forces and can be harnessed for influencing the overall system.
  • a wave energy converter can be achieved with a suitable design and operation almost complete extinction and thus utilization of the incoming wave. This is especially true for monochromatic waves.
  • the water particles move on largely circular so-called orbital paths (in the form of an orbital motion or orbital flow, whereby both terms are also used synonymously).
  • the water particles move under a wave crest in the direction of propagation of the wave, under the wave trough against the wave propagation direction and in the two zero crossings upwards or downwards.
  • the flow direction at a fixed point below the water surface (hereinafter referred to as local or instantaneous flow) thus changes continuously with a certain angular velocity O.
  • the orbital flow is largely circular in deep water, in shallow water the circular orbitals become increasingly flat ellipses , A flow may be superimposed on the orbital flow.
  • the orbital radii are dependent on the depth.
  • Submerged wave energy converters are therefore preferably operated close to the surface.
  • a rotor is provided with a substantially horizontal rotor axis and at least one coupling body.
  • the rotor advantageously rotates synchronously with the orbital flow at an angular velocity ⁇ and is driven by the orbital flow via the at least one coupling body.
  • first torque referred to in the context of this invention as "first torque” or “rotor torque”
  • rotor torque acts on the rotor Rotor rotation movement and those of the orbital flow, at least to some extent, match (for the term “synchronicity” used here below), so there is always a constant local flow on the coupling body apart from the mentioned depth effect and width effects at large rotor diameters
  • the wave motion can be continuously withdrawn from energy and converted by the rotor into a usable torque.
  • Coupled body is understood to mean any structure by means of which the energy of an inflowing fluid can be coupled into a rotor movement or a corresponding rotor moment.
  • Coupling bodies can, as explained below, be designed in particular as a lift rotor (also referred to as a "wing”), but also comprise resistance rotors.
  • synchronicity may refer to a rotor rotation movement, due to which there is a complete match between the position of the rotor and the direction of the local flow, which is caused by the orbital flow at any time.
  • a "synchronous" rotor rotation movement can also take place such that a defined angle or a defined angular range (ie the phase angle is over a revolution within the angular range) results. There is therefore a defined phase Offset or phase angle ⁇ between rotor rotational movement ⁇ and orbital flow O.
  • the "position" of the rotor or the at least one coupling body arranged on the rotor is always definable eg by an imaginary line through the rotor axis and, for example, the axis of rotation or the center of gravity of a coupling body ,
  • Such synchronism is especially for monochromatic wave states, i. Wave states with always constant orbital flow O, directly derivable.
  • wave states with always constant orbital flow O, directly derivable.
  • multichromatic wave states it can also be provided that the machine is under a constant angle only within a certain frame is operated to the respective current flow.
  • an angular range can be defined within which the synchronicity is still considered to be maintained. This can be done by suitable control measures involving the adjustment of at least one coupling body for generating said first
  • Torque and / or a braking or accelerating acting second torque of the energy converter can be achieved. Not all coupling bodies must necessarily be adjusted or have a corresponding adjustment. In particular, no synchronous adjustment of multiple coupling body is required.
  • the rotor may be synchronized to at least one major component of the shaft (e.g., a major mode of superimposed shafts), thereby temporarily leading or lagging the local flow. This can be achieved by a corresponding adaptation of the first and / or second torque.
  • Such an operation is also encompassed by the term "synchronous", as well as a fluctuation of the phase angle in certain areas, which causes the rotor to experience an acceleration (positive or negative) in the meantime in relation to the wave phase.
  • the speed of a "synchronous" or “largely synchronous” rotor therefore agrees approximately, ie within certain limits, with the currently prevailing shaft speed. Deviations do not accumulate here, but become extensive balanced over each other or over time or a certain time window.
  • An essential aspect of a control method for a corresponding converter may be to obtain the explained synchronicity.
  • Coupling bodies from the class of buoyancy runners are particularly preferably used, which, in particular, generate a buoyancy force directed essentially perpendicular to the flow in the case of an incident flow at a flow angle a in addition to a resistance force in the direction of the local flow.
  • These may, for example, be lift runners with profiles according to the NACA standard (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), but the invention is not limited to such profiles.
  • the mentioned first torque can therefore be e.g. be influenced by the angle of attack ⁇ . It is known that with increasing angle of attack a, the resulting forces increase on the lift rotor until a break in the lift coefficient is observed in the so-called stall boundary, where a stall occurs. The resulting forces also increase with increasing flow velocity. This means that the resulting forces and thus the torque acting on the rotor can be influenced via a change in the angle of attack ⁇ and, associated therewith, the angle of incidence ⁇ .
  • a second torque acting on the rotor may be provided by an energy converter coupled to the rotor or its rotor base.
  • This second moment also referred to below as the "generator torque”
  • the second Moment represents in the conventional operation of power generation systems, a braking torque that comes about through the interaction of a generator rotor with the associated stator and is converted into electrical energy.
  • a corresponding energy converter in the form of a generator can also be operated by a motor, at least during certain periods of time, so that the second torque can also act on the rotor in the form of an acceleration torque.
  • the generator torque can be adjusted in accordance with the current lift profile setting and the resulting forces / moments so that the desired rotational speed is set with the correct phase offset to the orbital flow.
  • An influencing of the generator torque can take place, inter alia, by influencing an excitation current through the rotor (in the case of separately excited machines) and / or by controlling the commutation of a power converter connected downstream of the stator.
  • a rotor force finally results from the vectorial superposition, which acts as a bearing force directed perpendicular to the rotor axis (also referred to as reaction force) on the housing of the rotor.
  • This changes its direction continuously, since the flow of the rotor and the position of the coupling body change continuously.
  • an intentional or undesired asymmetry of the bearing force over time produces an effective force which also acts perpendicular to the rotor axis and in the form of a translatory or, in the case of several rotors, a combination of translational forces, a position of a corresponding wave energy converter influence and can be used specifically to influence the situation.
  • a directed perpendicular to the rotor axis bearing force can be generated, as explained in more detail elsewhere.
  • the explained rotor force acts as a shifting force on the entire rotor and must be supported accordingly, if the position of the rotor should not change.
  • this is achieved for example in US 2010/0150716 A1 by providing a plurality of rotors whose forces counteract each other. The displacements compensate each other over one revolution when the angle of attack ⁇ of constant flow conditions on the coupling bodies and the same settings and thus the first torque and a constant second torque is assumed.
  • each coupling body has its own adjusting device, so that the coupling bodies can be adjusted independently of one another.
  • the coupling bodies are adjusted to the locally present flow conditions. This also compensates for depth and width effects.
  • the generator torque is matched to the rotor torque generated by the sum of the coupling bodies.
  • the rotor may have a bearing on both sides for coupling body, wherein an adjustment system for the at least one coupling body may be provided on one side or on both sides.
  • an embodiment with a one-sided mounting of the at least one coupling body and a free end is provided.
  • a rotor with a two-sided relative to its rotation plane rotor base, wherein on each side of the rotor base at least one coupling body is mounted can be advantageously used.
  • the position of a corresponding wave energy converter can be selectively controlled by selectively influencing effective moments on both sides of the two-sided rotor base, as already partially explained , If the forces acting on both sides of the two-sided rotor base are different, a torque acting perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the two-sided rotor can be generated on the rotor and thus a rotation of the wave energy converter can be effected.
  • a precise alignment eg to a wave propagation direction, is possible.
  • a housing is advantageously provided, on which it is rotatably supported.
  • the second torque is preferably realized by an energy converter, such as a generator.
  • a generator such as a generator
  • This can in particular be a directly driven generator, as this driveline losses are minimized.
  • the interposition of a transmission is possible.
  • the coupling bodies can be connected directly or indirectly via corresponding lever arms to the rotor of the directly driven generator.
  • the coupling body are thus mounted at a distance from the axis of rotation.
  • the lever arms can be designed as struts or appropriately designed spacing means which connect the coupling bodies to the rotor, however, a lever arm can also be realized via a corresponding disk-like structure and fulfill only the physical function of a lever. Depending on the configuration, this results in fluidic or structural advantages.
  • the adjusting system for adjusting the at least one coupling body may be a system for changing the setting angle ⁇ .
  • an adjustment of flaps on the at least one coupling body similar to aircraft wings or a change in the coupling body geometry (morphing) is possible.
  • the adjustment can be done by an electric motor - preferably with stepper motors - and / or hydraulically and / or pneumatically.
  • a coupled adjustment of the various coupling bodies may be provided, in which the coupling bodies are provided, for example via corresponding adjusting levers, with a central locking device. Setting device are connected. This limits the flexibility of the machine only slightly, but can lead to a simplification of the overall structure.
  • a control device For controlling the wave energy converter or the rotor and the acting forces, a control device is provided. This uses as control variables the adjustable second torque of the at least one rotor and / or the adjustable first torque, for example by the adjustment of the at least one coupling body, so the first torque.
  • the current local flow field of the shaft can be used. This can be determined with appropriate sensors. These sensors can be arranged co-rotating on parts of the rotor and / or on the housing and / or independently of the machine, preferably this upstream or downstream.
  • a local, regional and global detection of a flow field, a wave propagation direction, an orbital flow and the like can be provided, with a "local” detection on the conditions directly prevailing on a component of a wave energy converter, "regional” detection on component groups or Single system and a “global” capture on the entire system or a corresponding plant park can relate.
  • a predictive measurement and prediction of wave states can be made.
  • Measured variables can be For example, the flow velocity and / or flow direction and / or wave height and / or wavelength and / or period and / or wave propagation speed and / or machine movement and / or holding moments of the coupling body adjustment and / or Verstellmomente the coupling body and / or the rotor torque and / or in a mooring be initiated forces.
  • the currently prevailing inflow conditions on the coupling body can preferably be determined from the measured variables, so that this and / or the second torque can be adjusted accordingly in order to achieve the higher-level control objectives.
  • the entire propagating flow field is known by suitable measurements upstream of the machine or a park of several machines.
  • suitable calculations By means of suitable calculations, the following local flow on the machine can be determined, thus enabling particularly precise control of the system.
  • With such measurements it becomes possible, in particular, to implement a higher-level control of the machine, which, for example, aligns with a main component of the incoming wave. This makes a particularly robust machine operation possible.
  • Figure 1 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor with two buoyancy rotors in a side view and illustrates the angle of attack ⁇ and the phase angle ⁇ between the rotor and orbital flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows resulting angle of incidence and a 2 and resultant forces on the coupling bodies of the rotor from FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method for influencing an effective force on the basis of phase angle, angle of attack, moment and force profiles.
  • Figure 4 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor in a side view with a large radial extent with different flow of the coupling body and resulting forces.
  • FIG. 5 shows two rotors for converting energy from a wave motion with disc-shaped rotor bases in a perspective view.
  • Figure 6 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for the conversion of energy from a wave motion with lever arms for attachment of coupling bodies in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 7 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a rotor base designed as a generator rotor in a perspective view.
  • Figure 8 shows rotors for the conversion of energy from a wave motion with oblique coupling bodies in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further wave energy converter for converting energy from a wave motion with oblique coupling bodies in a side view and a plan view.
  • FIG. 10 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • Figure 1 1 shows a further wave energy converter with a rotor for the conversion of energy from a wave motion with double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 13 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement to a holding structure in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 14 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion to a holding structure and with an anchoring device in a side view.
  • FIG. 15 shows several wave energy converters with rotors for converting energy from a wave movement on a holding structure in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 16 shows a plurality of wave energy converters with rotors for converting energy from a wave motion to a support structure with double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 17 shows several wave energy converters with rotors for converting energy from a wave motion to a support structure with partially double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates the arrangement of sensors on and around a wave energy converter with rotor for converting energy from a wave motion on a support structure in a side view.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates possible changes in shape of coupling bodies in a perspective view.
  • 1 shows a wave energy converter 1 with a rotor 2, 3, 4 with a rotor base 2, a housing 7, and two coupling bodies 3 fastened to the rotor base 2 so as to be non-rotatable via lever arms 4.
  • the rotor 2, 3, 4 is located below the water surface of an undulating body of water, for example an ocean. Its axis of rotation is oriented largely horizontally and largely perpendicular to the current propagation direction of the waves of the undulating body of water.
  • the coupling body 3 are executed in the example shown as buoyancy profiles.
  • deep-water conditions are to be present, in which the orbital paths of the water molecules, as explained, are largely circular.
  • the rotating components of the wave energy converter are provided with a largely neutral buoyancy in order to avoid a preferred position.
  • the coupling body 3 are designed as buoyancy runners and arranged at an angle of 180 ° to each other.
  • the buoyancy runners are supported in the vicinity of their pressure point in order to reduce rotational torques occurring during operation to the buoyancy runners and thus the requirements for the holder and / or the adjusting devices.
  • the radial distance between the suspension point of a coupling body and rotor axis is 1 m to 50 m, preferably 2 m to 40 m, more preferably 4 m to 30 m and most preferably 5 m to 20 m.
  • two adjusting devices 5 for adjusting the angle of attack and Y2 of the coupling body 3 between wing chord and tangent are preferably oriented oppositely and preferably have values of
  • the adjusting devices may be, for example, electromotive adjusting devices - preferably with stepper motors - and / or hydraulic and / or pneumatic components.
  • the two adjusting devices 5 can also each have a sensor 6 for determining the current angle of attack ⁇ and ⁇ 2 .
  • sensors can determine the state of rotation of the rotor base 2.
  • the wave energy converter 1 is impinged by the orbital flow with an onflow velocity Vweiie.
  • the incoming flow is the orbital flow of sea waves whose direction changes continuously.
  • the rotation of the orbital flow is oriented in the counterclockwise direction, ie the associated wave propagates from right to left.
  • a first torque acting on the rotor 2, 3, 4 is generated.
  • a preferably variable second torque in the form of a resistor that is a braking torque, or an acceleration torque can be applied to the rotor 2, 3, 4.
  • Means for generating the second torque are arranged between the rotor base 2 and the housing 7. Preferably, it is provided that it is in the housing 7, the stator of a direct-drive generator and the rotor base 2 to the rotor of this direct-drive generator whose storage, windings, etc. are not shown.
  • the means for generating the second moment in addition to a generator and a gear and / or hydraulic components, such as pumps include.
  • the means for generating the second moment may additionally or exclusively comprise a suitable brake.
  • phase angle ⁇ whose amount can be influenced by the adjustment of the first and / or the second torque.
  • a phase angle of -45 ° to 45 °, preferably from -25 ° to 25 ° and particularly preferably from -15 ° to 15 ° for generating the first torque appears to be particularly advantageous, since here at the orbital flow v We iie and the flow due to the self-rotation v Rot or (see Figure 2) are largely oriented perpendicular to each other, which leads to a maximization of the rotor torque.
  • a rotor torque in the counterclockwise direction results from the two buoyancy forces F Au fi and, due to the two resistance forces F W id, i, a magnitude smaller rotor torque in the opposite direction (ie in a clockwise direction).
  • the sum of the two rotor torques leads to a rotation of the rotor 1 whose speed can be adjusted by the counter torque by the adjustable second torque.
  • the amount of this rotor force can also be changed by changing the angle of attack ⁇ (which changes the angle of attack a) by changing the rotor angular velocity ⁇ and / or Phase angle ⁇ - for example, by changing the generator torque applied as a second torque (whereby v Rot or changes) and / or be influenced by a combination of these changes.
  • the synchronicity described in the introduction is preferably maintained.
  • the resulting forces on the coupling bodies are maximized by large angles of incidence ⁇ , which results in a great resulting force on the rotor in the flow direction (to the right) results.
  • the second torque in the form of the generator torque is likewise increased in a suitable manner, since the large flow angles a also result in large rotor torques which would otherwise lead to an acceleration of the rotor and thus to a change in the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the rotor force is expediently influenced when it is oriented in or counter to the direction in which, for example, a displacement is to be achieved.
  • the two angle can ⁇ particular to take account of locally different flow conditions (v We iie may vary, particularly with large rotor extensions and for multi-chromatic flow conditions) can be varied independently of each other in a suitable manner, wherein the generator torque then to achieve absolute synchronization in a suitable Way is tuned to the respective resulting rotor torque. This can have an effect on the line of action of the rotor force and thus influence the vibration behavior of the rotor 1.
  • the wave energy converter machine can also be moved vertically or in any spatial directions perpendicular to the rotor axis.
  • Such a method can also be used to orbital flow superimposed forces - for example, by ocean currents or similar. compensate - and prevent drifting of the machine. This reduces in particular the requirements for anchoring.
  • a displacement of the rotor by cyclically influencing the resulting rotor force can also be achieved by a suitable adjustment of only either the first or the second torque.
  • phase angle ⁇ can be varied in a bandwidth between -90 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • the angles of incidence ⁇ are in this case preferably in opposite directions - one coupling body is turned inwards (pitched), while the other coupling body is pitched outwards (absolute value) to a fixed value of 0 ° to 20 °, preferably of 3 ° to 15 ° ° and more preferably adjusted from 5 ° to 12 ° and most preferably from 7 ° to 10 °.
  • a rotor may also be used in which the second torque constant is set to an average value whose phase angle ⁇ and / or its rotor force takes place while maintaining the required synchronicity by suitably changing the angle of attack ⁇ .
  • a wave energy converter 1 is shown, in which the diameter is so large that the inflow direction v We! Ie of the two coupling body 3 fails different. In this case, the rotor rotates counterclockwise, the wave propagation direction is oriented from right to left and denoted by W.
  • FIG. 5 shows two embodiments of the wave energy converter 1. These each have two coupling bodies 3, which are mounted on one or both sides of a rotor base 2.
  • the coupling body can be equipped with an adjustment system 5, which serves for the active adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ of the coupling body.
  • the second side can be rotatably mounted, but alternatively, a two-sided attachment of an adjustment system 5 is possible.
  • sensors 6 may be provided for determining the angle of attack ⁇ .
  • An unillustrated sensor for determining the rotational position ⁇ of the rotor base 2 may also be provided.
  • an energy converter 8 which may include, for example, a directly driven generator.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a wave energy converter 1 with a one-sided rotor, in which the coupling bodies 3 are held by lever arms 4 on a rotor base 2 mounted in a housing 7.
  • the housing 7 and the rotor base 2 are stators and rotors of a directly driven generator.
  • a rotor shaft 9 as in FIG. 6 is no longer contained here, which leads to savings in structural costs.
  • the length of the lever arms 4 can be made adjustable.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative wave energy converter 1 with a one-sided rotor 2, 3, in which the coupling bodies 3 are coupled directly to a rotor base 2 designed as a rotor of a directly driven generator. Adjustment systems for adjusting the coupling body 3 and sensors for condition monitoring / position determination are not shown, but may be provided. Again, a wave 9 is omitted.
  • Figure 8 shows another wave energy converter 1 with rotor 2,3,4 with coupling bodies 3, in which the coupling body 3 are not oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor 1, but have a tilt in the radial direction, so that with respect to the rotor axis angle ßi and Set ß2. This tilting can be performed differently for each coupling body 3 and be independently adjustable and the possibly existing adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ be superimposed.
  • a coupling body adjustment lies in a broadband machine behavior.
  • a machine with coupling bodies arranged parallel to the axis of rotation is optimally designed for a particular wave state with a corresponding wave height and period duration and can ideally extinguish this wave optimally.
  • very different wave states occur, in particular (multiple) superpositions of different wave states.
  • the rotor 1 according to FIG. 7 combines quasi different machine radii in one machine, so that a part of the rotor is always designed optimally for the current shaft state.
  • in combination with an adjustment for this angle results in a particularly advantageous rotor with superior properties. As shown on the left in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 shows two views of a further possibility in which the coupling bodies 3 do not run parallel to the axis of rotation. This results in an axial tilt, so that with respect to the rotor axis angle d ! and set d 2 , which can be made adjustable via corresponding adjusting devices 5.
  • a tilt corresponds to a certain degree to a sweep, as is also used in aircraft wings, whereby the corresponding and per se known advantages can be achieved.
  • FIG. 10 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with a rotor.
  • This is characterized in that coupling bodies 3 are arranged on both sides of the rotor base 2.
  • such rotors are referred to by the term "double-sided rotor".
  • the properties and characteristics mentioned above in the explanations to the figures 1 to 9 can be applied and transferred individually or in combination. This means that an angle of attack ⁇ of each coupling body 3 and / or the resistance and / or the phase angle ⁇ can be adjustable, so that the operation management is based on (largely)
  • Synchronicity is aligned, and / or that by suitable adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ , ß and / or d and / or the second torque and / or the phase angle .DELTA.
  • the resultant rotor force on the rotor rotation can be varied so that there is a resultant force, which can be used for a displacement of the wave energy converter and / or for compensation of superimposed forces, such as, for example, by currents, and / or for a specific vibration excitation and / or stabilization of the wave energy converter.
  • the free ends of the coupling body are each mounted in a common base, as shown for a single-sided rotor in Figure 5.
  • the wave propagation direction of a monochromatic wave is directed perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the rotor, this leads to the pairwise adjacent the arranged coupling body ideally undergo absolutely identical flow conditions.
  • the angles of incidence ⁇ of these coupling bodies arranged side by side can preferably be set identically. If, in real operation, a deviating flow of the two rotor halves results, then the angle of attack of each coupling body 3 can be adjusted individually so that the local flow is optimally pronounced.
  • a rotation of the wave energy converter 10 about an axis can be achieved, which is oriented perpendicular to the rotor axis.
  • the wave energy converter 10 can be rotated in operation by differently influencing the angles of incidence ⁇ , ⁇ and / or ⁇ of the coupling bodies 3 and / or by adjusting the resistance about its vertical axis. This can be used particularly advantageously to align the wave energy converter 10 so that its rotor axis is largely oriented perpendicular to the wave propagation direction currently present.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with coupling bodies 3 arranged on both sides.
  • the rotor base 2 is in two (partial) rotor bases 2 with interposed rotor shaft 9 and arranged on this energy converter 8, which may for example contain a generator and / or a transmission divided. Since the two sides of the rotor via the shaft, if appropriate largely torsionally rigid, are connected to each other and thus rotate synchronously, this configuration is understood as a double-sided rotor for which the properties described in connection with Figure 10 also apply.
  • Also known as a double-sided rotor is an assembly which is assembled from two single-sided rotors such that the two rotors have substantially the same orientation during operation.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with coupling bodies 3 arranged on both sides.
  • the rotor base 2 is in two (partial) rotor bases 2 with interposed rotor shaft 9 and arranged on this energy converter 8, which may for example contain
  • the wave energy converter 10 shows a further embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with rotor 10 on both sides.
  • the energy converter is realized as a directly driven generator 11, which forms the rotatably held housing 7 of the wave energy converter as an integral part of the wave energy converter 10 and in which the coupling body 3 via He- arms directly to the rotor 2 acting as rotor 2 of the generator 1 1 are coupled.
  • the wave energy converter 10 of this expression forms a particularly compact design, in which by waiving a wave 9 structural costs are minimized.
  • This embodiment can also be combined with the previously described embodiments and operating strategies.
  • FIG. 13 shows a wave energy converter 20 which, in addition to a wave energy converter 10 according to FIG. 12, contains further elements.
  • damping plates 21 which are connected largely rigidly to the housing 7 or a stator of a directly driven generator via a frame 22.
  • the damping plates 21 are located in deeper water than the rotor. In these larger water depths, the orbital motion of the water molecules caused by the wave motion is significantly reduced, so that the damping plates 21 lead to a stabilization of the wave energy converter 20.
  • stabilization of the wave energy converter 20 according to the strategies described above can be superimposed during operation with targeted influencing of the resulting rotor force.
  • Such stabilization is advantageous in order to keep the axis of rotation to a first approximation stationary. Without such stabilization, the rotor forces would cause the axis of rotation to orbit in an extreme case with a phase shift with the orbital flow. would ren, whereby the flow conditions of the coupling body 3 would change fundamentally. The functionality of the wave energy converter would be adversely affected by this. It should be understood, however, that a wave energy converter may also be appropriately stabilized by other means that need not include damper plates.
  • the two damping plates are shown horizontally.
  • configurations are also considered advantageous in which the damping plates are oriented differently.
  • both plates could be oppositely tilted 45 ° so that they enclose a 90 ° angle with each other.
  • Other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • other damper plate geometries and / or counts can be used.
  • the damping plates 21 are adjustable in their angle and / or in their damping effect.
  • the influencing of the damping effect can be achieved, for example, by changing the fluid permeability.
  • the response of the wave energy converter 20 to the introduced forces can also be influenced by a possibly cyclically altered damping.
  • a hydrostatic buoyancy system 23 may be provided, through which the depth of the wave energy converter, for example by pumping in and out of a fluid, can be adjusted.
  • the buoyancy for a stationary case is adjusted to balance the weight of the machine and the mooring minus the buoyancy due to immersion in water. Since the rotating parts of the rotor 10 preferably have a largely neutral buoyancy, thus essentially the weight forces of housing, frame, damping plates and a mooring device explained below must be taken into account.
  • the machine control of the wave energy converter 20 can be accommodated in the housing of the buoyancy system 23.
  • one-sided rotors 1 can also be used.
  • the wave energy converter 20 of Figure 13 in a body of wavy water with an anchorage 24 on the seabed, which preferably takes place via a mooring, in particular via a Catenery Mooring, but alternatively can be designed as a rigid anchorage shown.
  • a wave propagation direction is designated by W.
  • the wave energy converter 20 is connected to the seabed via one or more chains and corresponding anchors.
  • Corresponding moorings are typically formed of metal chains and may also include at least one plastic rope in their upper region.
  • the wave energy converter-side end of the mooring is attached to the incoming shaft facing part of the frame 22 and / or the incoming shaft facing damper plate 21.
  • This can be supported by corresponding additional passive (weather vane) and / or active systems (rotor control, azimuth tracking).
  • buoyancy and anchoring can also be used particularly advantageous as a support for the generator torque. Shown are also the forces caused by these two systems F Moonn g (largely directed downwards) and F order (directed largely upwards).
  • F Moonn g largely directed downwards
  • F order directed largely upwards.
  • rotation of the wave energy converter 20 in the illustrated configuration is induced clockwise (in the direction of rotation of the rotor 10).
  • the two forces shown produce a rotation directed counter to this rotation, which increases with increasing tilting of the wave energy converter 20.
  • tilting the machine by removing a generator torque may result in lifting of the mooring, increasing F M0 oring. This has an increasing effect on the supporting counter-torque.
  • FIG. 15 shows a wave energy converter 30 with three (partial) wave energy converters 1 with one-sided (partial) rotors according to FIG.
  • the (partial) wave energy converters are mounted with a largely parallel rotor axis in a horizontally oriented frame 31, so that the rotors are arranged below the water surface and their rotor axes are oriented largely perpendicular to the incoming shaft.
  • the distance from the first to the last rotor corresponds approximately to the wavelength of the sea wave, so that for the assumed case of a monochromatic wave, the foremost and the rearmost rotor have the same orientation, while the central rotor is rotated by 180 °. All three rotors rotate opposite to the clockwise direction, so the shaft runs over the machine from behind.
  • Wavelengths of sea waves are between 40 m and 360 m, with typical waves having wavelengths of 80 m to 200 m.
  • buoyancy systems 23 On the frame 31 and / or the rotors several buoyancy systems 23 are advantageously mounted, by means of which the depth can be regulated and by the together with the anchoring, not shown (this preferably engages the incoming shaft facing part of the frame 31 and can, for example be executed as a mooring, in particular as Catenery-Mooring), a damping torque supporting counter-torque can be generated.
  • the frame 31 may be designed so that the distance between the rotors 1 is adjustable, so that the machine length can be tuned to the current wavelength.
  • damping plates may be provided for further stabilization, which may be arranged in greater depth.
  • buoyancy systems could be arranged on at least one cross member. Such, preferably horizontally oriented, cross member may for example be arranged at the rear end of the frame.
  • the frame 31 of the wave energy converter is designed as a floating frame and that the submerged under the water surface rotors 1 are mounted with a substantially horizontal rotor axis via a correspondingly executed frame construction rotatably mounted on the floating frame.
  • FIG. 16 shows an alternative embodiment of an advantageous wave energy converter 30 with a largely horizontal frame extension and a plurality of rotors on both sides. Compared to a one-sided rotor arrangement, this is a particularly advantageous embodiment since it reduces the number of generators.
  • FIG. 17 shows a further alternative embodiment of an advantageous wave converter 30 with a combination of a two-sided rotor and a plurality of single-sided rotors and a substantially horizontal frame extension.
  • the frame 31 is designed as V in order to avoid shading between the different rotors and / or to minimize.
  • an anchoring 24 which preferably acts on the tip of the V-shaped arrangement, so that the wave energy converter 30 preferably aligns itself largely independent of the weather pattern effects to the shaft, so that it is flowed from the front of this.
  • the preferably existing buoyancy systems can already generate a counter-torque, but it is also possible to include the anchoring forces of the mooring system 24, as described in connection with FIG. 14.
  • additional bracing and / or bracing can be provided.
  • a stabilization can be provided by the use of damping plates similar to FIG. 13.
  • the wave energy converter 30 according to FIGS. 15 to 17 can also be influenced by influencing the rotor forces of the individual rotors in terms of their position and in their movement behavior. In particular, a rotation about the vertical axis is possible when the different rotors are controlled / regulated accordingly.
  • stabilization of the wave energy converter 30 is additionally additionally effected by the flow-induced forces acting on the frame 31. These are also directed in different directions and can at least partially compensate.
  • FIG. 18 shows different preferred sensor positions for mounting sensors for determining the flow conditions on a wave energy converter 20 and particularly preferably for determining the local flow conditions at the coupling bodies of a wave energy converter.
  • sensors mounted on the wave energy converter 20 its movement behavior can also be determined.
  • a wave propagation direction is designated by W.
  • sensors can float on the rotor (position 101) and / or on the coupling bodies (position 102) and / or on the frame (position 103) and / or under the water surface in the vicinity of the machine (position 104) and / or on the water surface Close to the machine (heading 105) and / or on the seabed below the machine (heading 106) and / or below the water surface floating upstream of the machine (or a multi-machine park) (heading 107) and / or on the seabed of the machine (or a park of several machines) upstream (position 108) and / or floating the machine (or a park of several machines) upstream (position 109) and / or above the water surface (position 110) - for example, in a satellite - arranged be.
  • Additional sensors 105 'to 109' can be arranged on the leeward side, relative to the wave propagation direction.
  • Such leeward sensors possible the determination of an interaction of the wave energy converter with the received waves. Based on this knowledge, the result of the interaction can be checked and, if necessary, the interaction can be purposefully changed via a machine control.
  • sensors and corresponding combinations, among others from the following classes, can be used:
  • Acceleration sensors for determining flow conditions and / or movements of the overall system and / or the rotor and / or the surface velocities of a water body and / or for determining the orientation of a body via the detection of the earth's gravity field,
  • Inertial sensors for measuring different translational and / or rotational acceleration forces
  • Anemometer for determining a flow velocity
  • Torque sensors for determining the adjustment and / or holding forces of the coupling body adjustment system
  • GPS data for determining machine position and / or movement
  • the instantaneous local onflow conditions of the coupling bodies and / or the flow field around the machine and / or the flow field and / or the natural vibrations of the machine converging on the machine / park can be determined in a predictive manner, such that the second brake - Moment and / or the angle of attack ⁇ , ß and / or ⁇ of the coupling body 3 can be adjusted to achieve the control / regulatory objectives in a suitable manner.
  • control / regulation goals include, in particular, the maintenance of synchronicity and / or the avoidance of a stall on the coupling bodies and / or the influencing of the rotor forces for stabilization and / or displacement and / or targeted vibration excitation and / or or a rotation of the system for correct alignment with the incoming shaft.
  • the depth as well as the support moment can be influenced.
  • the damping plate resistance By adapting the damping plate resistance, the machine vibration behavior can also be influenced.
  • Measurements of the flow field which already take place in front of the machine or a park of several machines, and from which the flow field applied to the machine (s) at a later point in time, may appear to be particularly advantageous. Together with a virtual model of the machine, a feedforward control of the manipulated variables can be derived from this, which is then adjusted by a control. Such a procedure makes it possible, in particular, to computationally record the essential energy-carrying wave components in multichromatic sea states and to tune the control of the energy converter in a suitable manner.
  • FIG. 19 shows alternative possibilities, in particular flaps, known from the aircraft industry for changing the angle of attack ⁇ of a lift rotor and / or its shape and designating them 201 to 210, with which the flow around and thus buoyancy and / or resistance forces can be influenced , It can be provided to equip the coupling body 3 additionally or alternatively to an actuator for adjusting the angle of attack Y, ß and / or ⁇ with one or more of these means.
  • the use of so-called winglets for influencing the buoyancy behavior at the free wing tips is considered.
  • Symmetrical profiles have been used in the figures for the sake of simplicity. It should be expressly noted that curved profiles can be used. In addition, the profiles used can be adapted in their curvature to the flow conditions (curved flow).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice destiné à convertir l'énergie provenant du mouvement ondulatoire d'un fluide en une autre forme d'énergie et comportant au moins un rotor qui est couplé à au moins un convertisseur d'énergie (7) et qui comprend au moins une base de rotor (2) et au moins un élément d'accouplement (3) mobile, monté sur la base de rotor (2) et présentant un axe longitudinal, l'axe longitudinal du au moins un élément d'accouplement (3) étant ou pouvant être incliné par rapport à un axe de rotation du au moins un rotor.
PCT/EP2012/001743 2011-06-17 2012-04-24 Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice WO2012171598A1 (fr)

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DE102011105170A DE102011105170A1 (de) 2011-06-17 2011-06-17 Wellenenergiekonverter und Verfahren zum Betreiben eins Wellenenergiekonverters
DE102011105170.1 2011-06-17

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CN112543815A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2021-03-23 Sms集团有限公司 转炉转矩支持部
DE102021123766A1 (de) 2021-09-14 2023-03-16 Michael Konzok Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung nutzbarer Energie

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DE102013007667A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ausrichtung eines Wellenenergiekonverters zum umgebenden Gewässer
DE102014204249A1 (de) 2014-03-07 2015-09-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wellenenergiekonverter mit Energiequelle für Aktuator

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CN112543815A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2021-03-23 Sms集团有限公司 转炉转矩支持部
DE102021123766A1 (de) 2021-09-14 2023-03-16 Michael Konzok Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung nutzbarer Energie

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