WO2012108261A1 - 溶接材料用酸化チタン原料 - Google Patents
溶接材料用酸化チタン原料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012108261A1 WO2012108261A1 PCT/JP2012/051523 JP2012051523W WO2012108261A1 WO 2012108261 A1 WO2012108261 A1 WO 2012108261A1 JP 2012051523 W JP2012051523 W JP 2012051523W WO 2012108261 A1 WO2012108261 A1 WO 2012108261A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3608—Titania or titanates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a titanium oxide raw material for welding materials used as a flux raw material such as a coated arc welding rod, a flux-cored wire, a flux for submerged arc welding.
- Titanium oxide material is a typical flux material for welding materials. Titanium oxide raw materials include natural minerals and synthetic raw materials referred to as rutile, lucoxin, illuminite, etc., depending on their chemical composition. This natural titanium oxide raw material may be subjected to a firing treatment for the purpose of reducing moisture so as to be suitable for a welding material (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a titanium oxide raw material for a welding material capable of improving the bead shape and performing high-speed welding.
- the titanium oxide raw material for welding material according to the present invention is In the form of particles, per total mass of titanium oxide, TiO 2 is 58.0 to 99.0% by mass, Si is 2.5 mass% or less, Al is 3.0 mass% or less, Mn is 5.0 mass% or less, Fe is 35.0 mass% or less, Mg has a composition of 5.0 mass% or less, and Ca is 2.0 mass% or less, And on the particle surface, there is an oxide and / or composite oxide composed of one or more of Ti, Fe, Mn, Al and Si, This oxide and / or composite oxide is characterized in that the atomic percentage of Al and Si satisfies the following formula. 1 ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 10
- an oxide refers to an oxide of Ti alone (TiO 2 ), for example, if Ti, and a composite oxide refers to an aggregate of a plurality of these oxides, for example, Ti , And an oxide containing a plurality of metal components such as Fe and Mn.
- grains of a titanium oxide raw material includes the case where the surface of particle
- This titanium oxide raw material for welding materials The oxide and / or composite oxide is an atomic percentage of Al and Si, It is preferable to satisfy 1.5 ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 6.
- the atomic percentage of Ti, Fe, Mn, and O preferably satisfies the following two formulas. 1 ⁇ Ti / (Fe + Mn) ⁇ 100 O / (Fe + Mn) ⁇ 100
- the composition of the titanium oxide raw material is optimized and the composition of the oxide and / or composite oxide present on the surface of the titanium oxide raw material particles is optimized, the coated arc welding rod, the flux-cored wire, or the submerged arc
- the familiarity and bead shape can be improved, and further, it is effective for improving the bead shape of submerged arc welding.
- FIG. 3 is a TiO 2 —FeO—Fe 2 O 3 phase diagram. It is a SiO 2 —TiO 2 phase diagram.
- FIG. 3 is an Al 2 O 3 —TiO 2 phase diagram.
- FIG. 3 is a FeO—MnO—TiO 2 phase diagram.
- FIG. 3 is a MgO—TiO 2 phase diagram.
- FIG. 3 is a CaO—TiO 2 phase diagram. It is a figure which shows the bead shape and conformity evaluation criteria in a flux cored wire.
- the inventors of the present application think that the titanium oxide source, which is the raw material with the most addition amount as the flux raw material used for the coated arc welding rod or the flux-cored wire, affects the bead shape, We focused on titanium oxide raw material.
- the inventors of the present application intensively investigated what characteristics of the titanium oxide raw material are different in stand-up improvement.
- the addition amount and composition of the titanium oxide raw material, the amount of slag during welding, the melting point, the viscosity, and the like, and the melting point and viscosity of the molten metal are considered to affect the bead shape. Specifically, if the melting point of the slag is too high, the slag hardens quickly, so that the pool size during welding becomes small, it becomes difficult to maintain a constant molten pool shape during weaving, and the bead shape becomes uneven.
- the melting point of the slag is too low, the slag is hard to solidify and the molten metal cannot be supported by the slag, so that the bead shape tends to sag. Further, when the viscosity of the slag and the molten metal is increased, the beads are less likely to sag, and when the viscosity is decreased, the bead is more likely to sag.
- Another factor that affects the bead shape is the amount of oxygen in the molten metal during welding.
- the amount of oxygen in the molten metal increases, the molten metal drips due to a decrease in the viscosity of the molten metal, so that the bead also hangs down.
- FIG. 1 is a TiO 2 —FeO—Fe 2 O 3 phase diagram showing the melting points of natural rutile and illuminite.
- the arc spread is different depending on whether the product is fired or unfired. There may be a significant difference in the bead shape, resulting in a change in bead shape. Further, even if the same titanium oxide raw material is used, there may be a significant difference depending on firing conditions, temperature, atmosphere, and the like.
- the inventors of the present application have investigated the surface state of the titanium oxide raw material of the fired product and the unfired product. As a result, the present inventors have found that the characteristics of such a titanium oxide raw material are not the bulk composition of the titanium oxide particles, but the state of the individual particle surfaces, the elements other than Ti present on the titanium oxide particle surfaces. It has been found that the composition has a great influence on the bead shape.
- one of the problems with submerged arc welding is uneven bead width.
- the uneven bead width is particularly noticeable when a high melting point titanium oxide raw material is contained in the flux composition.
- the effect of stabilizing the bead width was recognized due to the smooth melting characteristics of the raw material particles.
- the welding current was also stabilized, and a correlation was observed between the welding current waveform and the stability of the bead width.
- the present inventors have found that the composition of the titanium oxide raw material surface affects the bead shape by changing the melting point, the arc spread, etc., and the physical properties of the surface of these titanium oxide raw materials. It was found that the welding workability can be improved by adjusting.
- the inventors of the present application investigated the chemical composition of the particle surface before and after firing these titanium oxide raw materials using EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer). Since the surface of natural titanium oxide raw materials (rutile, illuminite, lucoxin, etc.) may have clayey minerals (mica, bentonite, sericite, etc.) and other minerals attached, ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water The surface analysis sample was used as the surface analysis sample, and the surface analysis position was the surface of the titanium oxide raw material without these natural minerals.
- EPMA Electro Probe Micro Analyzer
- a titanium oxide raw material with good welding workability (bead shape, bead familiarity) has 1 ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 10, and a titanium oxide raw material with further excellent welding workability has 1.5 ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 6. It was.
- the titanium oxide raw material with good welding workability (bead shape) in the vertical improvement welding was 1 ⁇ Ti / (Fe + Mn) ⁇ 100 and O / (Fe + Mn) ⁇ 100. That is, it is presumed that the abundance ratio (atomic%) of Al, Si, Fe, Mn, and O existing on the raw material surface is changed by the firing treatment, which affects welding workability.
- the element abundance ratio (atomic%) of oxides and / or composite oxides existing on the surface of the particles affects the workability of welding, not the purity of the titanium oxide raw material. If the titanium oxide raw material is 1 ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 10, the welding workability (bead shape, familiarity of the bead) is improved, and if 1.5 ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 6, further excellent welding workability is obtained. It was. Further, when the titanium oxide raw material was 1 ⁇ Ti / (Fe + Mn) ⁇ 100 and O / (Fe + Mn) ⁇ 100, the welding workability (bead shape) in the vertical improvement welding was good.
- the surface chemical composition of the titanium oxide raw material that affects the workability of vertical welding will be described.
- physical properties of the flux material that affect welding workability include melting point, viscosity, and surface tension.
- the phase diagram (Ernest M. Levin, Carl R. Robbins and Howard F. Mcmurdie / Phase Diagrams for Cermists./The American Ceramic Society 1964) investigated.
- 3 is an SiO 2 —TiO 2 phase diagram
- FIG. 4 is an Al 2 O 3 —TiO 2 phase diagram
- FIG. 5 is an FeO—MnO—TiO 2 phase diagram.
- FIG. 6 is a MgO—TiO 2 phase diagram
- FIG. 7 is a CaO—TiO 2 phase diagram.
- the source of these phase diagrams is Phase Diagrams for Ceramists Ernest M. Levin et al. The American Ceramic Society, inc.
- the arc spreading and stability caused by the flux material can be considered as follows.
- a part of the welding material emits electrons to become ions, forming an arc (plasma).
- the ease of electron emission is determined by the work function.
- the work function is low, electrons are likely to be emitted into the plasma with low energy, thereby increasing the amount of electrons present in the arc.
- the passage of electrons that is, electricity
- the electron density is increased, so that electricity is easily passed. Thereby, the arc spreads and the arc stability is improved.
- the bead shape is improved by the chemical composition of the titanium oxide raw material itself, particularly the particle surface.
- the presence form of Al, Si, O, Fe, and Mn on the surface of the titanium oxide raw material is extremely important. Therefore, by controlling the existence form of these trace elements, the melting point is lower than that of rutile, the melting point is higher than that of illuminite, and the melting point, viscosity, and oxygen content of slag and molten metal are compatible to ensure a good bead shape. Is possible.
- TiO 2 58.0 to 99.0 mass%
- the amount of TiO 2 plays an important role in supporting the weld metal. In the vertical improvement welding, if it is lower than 58.0% by mass, the amount of slag is insufficient, and the bead shape becomes a sagging shape. On the other hand, if it is higher than 99.0% by mass, the melting point is too high, the slag hardens quickly, and the pool size during welding is reduced, so that a constant molten pool shape is maintained when weaving in vertical welding And the bead shape is uneven. Therefore, TiO 2 is 58.0 to 99.0 wt%. However, in general, the higher the TiO 2 content as the titanium oxide raw material, the higher the melting point, so that it is suitable for vertical welding, and if low, it is suitable for fillet welding.
- Si 2.5 mass% or less, Al: 3.0 mass% or less, Mn: 5.0 mass% or less
- Si, Al, and Mn oxides are added to adjust the viscosity of the slag.
- oxides of Si, Al, and Mn sources are generally not made using a titanium oxide source, but other raw materials (eg, silica sand, Alumina, manganese carbonate, manganese dioxide, etc.) are added to the flux.
- Si is 2.5 mass% or less
- Al is 3.0 mass% or less
- Mn is 5. 0 mass% or less.
- Fe: 35.0 mass% or less As the content of Fe contained in oxides, composite oxides, and carbonates increases, the melting point decreases, so that the molten metal tends to sag. For this reason, in general, it is preferable that the Fe content is high in the fillet welding material and the Fe content is low in the vertical improvement welding material. In order to use it as a raw material for both fillet welding and vertical welding as a titanium oxide source, Fe must be 35.0% by mass or less.
- the raw material in this invention contains impurities, such as Mg and Ca, in order to manufacture a titanium oxide raw material from a natural raw material (rutile, illuminite, lucoxin), naturally the titanium oxide raw material of this invention also includes Mg and Ca ( Oxides, complex oxides, and carbonates).
- Mg and Ca Oxides, complex oxides, and carbonates.
- the surface state of the titanium oxide raw material particles needs to satisfy the following formulas 1 to 3 calculated from the surface analysis result according to a predetermined analysis method. That is, in EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), a carbon tape (C tape) is attached to an aluminum base, a raw material (about 3 g) is placed, and the surface of the raw material at a high magnification (about 2000 times) is relatively Five particles having a flat area in which no foreign matter is present (not attached) (rectangular region of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) are randomly selected, and the atomic weight ratio of one field is measured for each particle.
- EDX Electronic Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
- x is 1 to 10.
- the amounts of Al and Si with respect to the amount of TiO 2 affect the melting point of the titanium oxide raw material.
- x of Formula 1 is between 1 and 10, there is no particular difference in the bead shape.
- x exceeds 10
- the melting point of the titanium oxide raw material is lowered, and a convex bead is formed at the time of vertical improvement welding.
- x is lower than 1, the melting point of the titanium oxide raw material is too high, and the bead shape becomes uneven. For this reason, x is set to 1 to 10, but when x is 1.5 to 6, the familiarity of the beads is particularly good.
- the value y in Equation 2 is preferably greater than 1 and 100 or less. As shown in FIG. 3, the amount of Fe and Mn relative to the amount of TiO 2 affects the melting point of the titanium oxide raw material. When the value y in Equation 2 is 1 or less, the Ti content is low, and the Fe and Mn content having a low melting point increases. Therefore, the melting point of the titanium oxide raw material is lowered, the weld metal tends to sag, and a convex bead is formed. If y exceeds 100, the melting point of the titanium oxide raw material becomes high and the slag hardens quickly, so that the pool size during welding becomes small, and it becomes difficult to control the shape of the molten pool in vertical welding. The result is a poor shape. For this reason, y is larger than 1 and 100 or less.
- the value z in Equation 3 is preferably 100 or less. If z exceeds 100, the amount of oxygen in the weld metal becomes excessive and the viscosity is lowered, so that the beads are likely to sag in the vertical improvement welding and become convex beads. For this reason, z shall be 100 or less.
- Nb and V are preferably 0.30% by mass or less from the viewpoint of securing toughness at low temperatures and preventing SR cracking (stress corrosion cracking).
- S is preferably 0.100% by mass or less from the viewpoint of preventing hot cracking.
- P is preferably 0.050% by mass or less from the viewpoint of preventing hot cracking.
- C is preferably 0.40% by mass or less from the viewpoint of preventing hot cracking and improving workability.
- Example A Next, the effect of the embodiment that falls within the scope of the present invention will be described in comparison with a comparative example that is out of the scope of the present invention.
- the analyzer is as follows.
- First analyzer Device WD / ED combine manufactured by JEOL Ltd. Using electronic probe microanalyzer (EPMA) JXA-8200 Analysis conditions: acceleration voltage 15 kv, irradiation current 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 A
- Second analyzer Device Scanning electron microscope with EDS manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Fielding Co., Ltd. S-3700N Use EDS: GENESIS 400 series manufactured by EDAX Japan Co., Ltd.
- the analysis method is as follows. In EDX, C tape (Nisshin EM Co., Ltd., SEM conductive tape, carbon double-sided tape) was applied to an aluminum base, and the raw material (about 100 mg) was placed on it. The raw material was well adhered onto the C tape. In order to ensure electrical conductivity, 5 particles having a range (10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m rectangular region) in which Os vapor deposition is performed and the surface of the raw material at a high magnification (about 2000 times) is relatively flat and no foreign matter is present or adhered thereto. A random selection was made and the atomic percentage (atomic%) of one field per particle was measured.
- Equations 1 to 3 The calculation method of x, y, and z in Equations 1 to 3 is as follows. From the measurement results of the five points described above, the values of Equations 1 to 3 shown below are obtained, and the average values of x, y, and z at the five points are calculated.
- Equation 2 and Equation 3 the arithmetic denominator and the numerator are each independently calculated by an arithmetic average of 5 points and divided by the obtained average value.
- the average value of the denominator is zero (all five points are zero), the values of Equations 2 and 3 are infinite.
- a method for producing a titanium oxide raw material that is a test material There are mainly two methods, a firing method and a melting method. When the firing method is used, the Fe amount is high, and when the melting method is used, the Fe amount is low.
- raw materials for fillet welding higher Fe content is preferable
- vertical welding required lower Fe content is preferable
- Fe , Mn, Al, Si, Mg, and Ca oxides may be added and sintered (sintered) to the extent that the surface of the titanium oxide raw material is slightly melted.
- the firing temperature depends on the amount of oxygen in the titanium oxide raw material and the firing method, it is about 800-1300 ° C. and is sintered together with the additive material in a rotary kiln or batch furnace. Since Fe, Mn, Al, Si, Mg, and Ca are easily oxidized, they may be added as metals.
- the raw materials used were natural rutile, lucoxin and illuminite as Ti sources. Ti content of each raw material is low in the order of rutile, lucoxin, and illuminite, and they are properly used according to the physical properties of the target titanium oxide raw material, and are used by mixing. In general, it is preferable to use a raw material having a high Ti content for vertical welding and a low Ti content for fillet welding. In application, raw materials with less impurities were used, so specific gravity, magnetic force, and flotation were conducted for the purpose of concentrating titanium oxide raw materials and reducing impurities.
- the source of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca may be an oxide or carbonate of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, or Ca, but oxides of these elements as represented by illuminite. And a composite oxide of titanium oxide raw material was also used.
- the composite oxide since the composite oxide has a low melting point compared to the oxide and carbonate, it is advantageous for the surface reaction and can be reacted at a lower temperature.
- a rotary kiln, a batch furnace, or the like can be used as the firing furnace.
- a rotary kiln in which the raw materials are uniformly contacted is preferable.
- the firing temperature is 1200 ° C. or higher, there is a high possibility that the entire mixed raw material and part of the low melting point will be sintered and solidified. Since extra work such as crushing ⁇ sieving occurs, the cost increases.
- the firing atmosphere if the firing temperature is high, titanium nitride (melting point: 3000 ° C.), which is a nitride of titanium, is considered to be generated in the air atmosphere. Therefore, the firing atmosphere is encouraged to be a CO atmosphere.
- CO gas is easily generated by adding a C source to the firing raw material.
- illuminite is used as the Ti source, in order to increase the apparent melting point of illuminite, a large amount of C source is added to reduce the Fe oxide content constituting the illuminite on the surface of the illuminite particles. That is, referring to FIG.
- the composition of the surface of the illuminite particles is shifted from illuminite toward natural rutile to increase the melting point of the surface of the illuminite particles. At this time, it is not necessary to reduce to the center of the illuminite particles.
- the raw material used was natural illuminite, which is low in cost, as a Ti source, but rutile or lucoxin can also be used. In application, raw materials with less impurities were used, so specific gravity, magnetic force, and flotation were conducted for the purpose of concentrating titanium oxide raw materials and reducing impurities.
- the source of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca may be an oxide or carbonate of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, or Ca, but oxides of these elements as represented by illuminite.
- a composite oxide of titanium oxide raw material was also used. Here, since the composite oxide has a low melting point compared with the oxide or carbonate, it is advantageous for the surface reaction and can be reacted at a lower temperature.
- illuminite and other raw materials oxygenes, carbonates
- a deoxidizer C source
- the Fe oxide in the illuminite is reduced to a molten state. Since Fe has a low melting point, it collects in the lower part of the furnace, and an oxide and / or composite oxide composed of Ti, Si, Al, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca and other impurities is generated in the upper part of the furnace.
- the oxide and / or composite oxide thus obtained is subjected to coarse pulverization ⁇ pulverization ⁇ particle size adjustment to obtain a solvent raw material.
- C and S in the deoxidizer may remain in the titanium oxide raw material. Since these impurities adversely affect the quality of the welding material, it is necessary to carry out post-treatment (pickling or baking treatment) that differs depending on the type of impurities.
- the Ti valence (oxidation degree) in the atmosphere of the oxide and / or the composite oxide is not stable, so the Ti valence is the most stable tetravalence (TiO 2 crystal structure).
- firing may be performed in the air (CO-reducing atmosphere during melting).
- each titanium oxide raw material it was confirmed by EDX whether the same results were obtained for the oxidized raw material itself (sample (1)) and the titanium oxide raw material taken out from the prototype welding material.
- the magnification is set to 5,000 to 10,000 times, and the deposit ( The part where there is no raw material other than the titanium oxide raw material is taken as the analysis range.
- the measurement range at this time may not be the above-described rectangular area of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- Table 3 below shows the EDX analysis results of the raw material particle surfaces.
- Table 4 below shows the EDX analysis results of the raw material particle surfaces of the respective adjustment samples in Examples A1, A2, A3, and A24 using the titanium oxide raw materials 1, 2, 3, and 24 shown in Table 3.
- Equations 1, 2, and 3 calculated from the EDX analysis results are almost the same regardless of the sample adjustment method.
- Table 5 below shows the evaluation results of a welding test using each titanium oxide raw material in the case of a flux-cored wire and a coated arc welding rod.
- the standard for evaluation of familiarity and bead shape is shown in FIG.
- the overall evaluation is “A” when both the familiarity and the bead shape are “A”, “A” when one is “A”, and “B” when the other is “B”.
- the overall evaluation is ⁇ , and when either is ⁇ , it is ⁇ .
- Table 5 below shows the results of welding tests using both the flux-cored wire and the coated arc welding rod, and the conformability and bead shape are the same for the flux-cored wire and the coated arc welding rod.
- the flux-cored wire and the coated arc welding rod were prepared using the titanium oxide raw materials shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- the compounding amounts of components other than the titanium oxide raw materials are shown in Table 6 below.
- the welding conditions are shown in Table 7 below.
- Examples A1 to A5, A8, and A9 of the present invention satisfy all the conditions of Claims 1 to 3 of the present application, so that all of bead conformability and bead shape are excellent.
- the overall evaluation is ⁇ .
- Examples A6, A7, A10 to A17 satisfy claims 1 and 3 of the present application, but deviate from claim 2, and the conformability is slightly inferior and becomes “good”. Since Examples A18 to A23 do not satisfy Claim 3, either the bead shape or the conformability is slightly inferior, and the result is ⁇ .
- Examples A1 to A23 there is no evaluation of ⁇ or ⁇ in the familiarity and bead shape of the beads, and the overall evaluation is ⁇ or ⁇ .
- Comparative Examples A28 to A32 and Conventional Examples A24 to A27 that deviate from claims 1 to 3 of the present invention, either the familiarity or the bead shape was inferior.
- Example B Next, an example of submerged arc welding will be described in comparison with the comparative example.
- a sintered flux for submerged arc welding having a flux composition shown in Table 8 below was manufactured according to a conventional method with respect to the titanium oxide raw materials showing the bulk compositions and surface atomic percentages shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- the titanium oxide raw material No. Indicates the corresponding numbers of the titanium oxide raw materials shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- the amount of water glass added was 13 ml per 100 g of raw material flux.
- the granulation flux is fired at 450 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the particle size of the product flux was adjusted to 12 ⁇ 65 mesh.
- Welding workability was investigated using the sintered flux for submerged arc welding thus manufactured.
- the bead shape (bead width stability) and the presence or absence of a pock mark were inspected.
- the current stability during welding was also investigated.
- the stability of the bead width was evaluated based on the stability of the welding current (current fluctuation range).
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 9 below.
- the welding conditions are AC 700A, 32V, 40 cpm, US36 with a diameter of 4.0 mm is used for the wire, and the test steel plate is SM41B.
- the welding method is bead-on-plate.
- the stability of the welding current shown in Table 9 was evaluated as ⁇ when 700A ⁇ 15A or less, ⁇ when 700A ⁇ 30A or less, and ⁇ when 700A ⁇ 30A was exceeded.
- the pock mark column is marked with ⁇ when the number is 0 per 1 m bead length, ⁇ when the number is 2 or less per 1 m bead length, and ⁇ when the number is 3 or more per 1 m bead length. However, this was excluded at the start and end of welding.
- Examples B1 to B9 in which the composition of the titanium oxide raw material satisfies Claim 1 of the present application a good bead shape is obtained, and the evaluation result is ⁇ or ⁇ .
- Examples B1 to B3 satisfying all of claims 1 to 3 of the present application particularly good bead shapes are obtained, and the evaluation result is ⁇ .
- the conventional examples B10 and B11 and the comparative examples B12 and B13 using the titanium oxide raw materials No. 24, 25, 28, and 31 shown in Tables 1 to 3, respectively have a bead shape, welding current stability, and presence or absence of a pock mark. In this case, satisfactory characteristics cannot be obtained, and the evaluation result is x.
Abstract
Description
粒子状をなし、酸化チタン全質量あたり、
TiO2が58.0乃至99.0質量%、
Siが2.5質量%以下、
Alが3.0質量%以下、
Mnが5.0質量%以下、
Feが35.0質量%以下、
Mgが5.0質量%以下、及び
Caが2.0質量%以下
である組成を有し、
かつ
粒子表面に、Ti、Fe、Mn、Al及びSiのいずれか1種類以上からなる酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物が存在しており、
この酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物は、Al及びSiの原子百分率が下記式を満足することを特徴とする。
1≦Al+Si≦10
前記酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物が、Al及びSiの原子百分率で、
1.5≦Al+Si≦6を満足することが好ましい。
1<Ti/(Fe+Mn)≦100
O/(Fe+Mn)≦100
TiO2量は溶接金属を支える重要な役割を担っており、立向上進溶接において、58.0質量%より低いと、スラグ量が不十分であり、ビード形状は垂れた形状となる。反対に99.0質量%より高いと、融点が高すぎて、スラグが早く固まり、溶接時のプールサイズが小さくなるため、立向上進溶接でのウィービングを行う際に一定の溶融プール形状を維持することが困難となり、ビード形状が不揃いになる。このため、TiO2は58.0乃至99.0質量%とする。但し、一般的に、酸化チタン原料としてTiO2含有量が高ければ融点が高くなるため、立向溶接用に適し、低ければ隅肉溶接用に適している。
Si,Al,Mnの酸化物(酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物及び炭酸塩を含む)はスラグの粘性を調整するために添加する。しかし、Si,Al,Mn源の酸化物(酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物及び炭酸塩を含む)は、一般的には、酸化チタン源を使用してではなく、別の原料(例えば珪砂、アルミナ、炭酸マンガン、二酸化マンガン等)によりフラックス中に添加する。酸化チタン源中のSi,Al,Mn含有量が多くなると、機械性能及びスラグの粘性に影響を及ぼすため、Siは2.5質量%以下、Alは3.0質量%以下、Mnは5.0質量%以下とする。
酸化物、複合酸化物、炭酸塩に含まれるFeの含有量が増加すると、融点が低下するため、溶融金属は垂れやすくなる。このため、一般的に、隅肉溶接用材料ではFe含有量は高く、立向上進溶接材料ではFe含有量は低い方が好ましい。酸化チタン源として、隅肉溶接用及び立向溶接用の両溶接用の原料として使用するためには、Feは35.0質量%以下とすることが必要である。
本発明における原料はMg及びCa等の不純物を含むが、天然原料(ルチール、イルミナイト、ルコキシン)から酸化チタン原料を製造するため、必然的に本発明の酸化チタン原料にも、Mg及びCa(酸化物、複合酸化物、炭酸塩を含む)が含まれてしまう。しかし、Mg及びCaが多いと、スパッタが増加するので、Mgは5.0質量%以下、Caは2.0質量%以下とすることが必要である。
y=Ti/(Fe+Mn) ・・・(数式2)
z=O/(Fe+Mn) ・・・(数式3)
次に、本発明の範囲に入る実施例の効果について、本発明の範囲から外れる比較例と比較して説明する。分析装置は以下のとおりである。
(1)第1分析装置
装置:日本電子株式会社製
WD/EDコンバイン 電子プローブマイクロアナライザ(EPMA)JXA-8200使用
分析条件:加速電圧15kv、照射電流5×10-10A
(2)第2分析装置
装置:株式会社 日立ハイテクフィールデイング社製
EDS付き走査型電子顕微鏡 S-3700N 使用
EDS:エダックス ジャパン株式会社社製GENESIS400シリーズ
分析条件:加速電圧 15kv, 照射電流 5×10-12A
なお、第1及び第2のEDX装置にて分析を行ったが、両者において分析結果は同等であった。
(3)定量分析方法
定量分析は、ピュアスタンダード法により行った。
標準試料と実試料との強度比から各元素の濃度を算出した。
有効時間:60秒
加速電圧:15.0KV
プローブ電流:5.0×10-10A
次に、サブマージアーク溶接の実施例について、その比較例と比較して説明する。表1乃至3のバルク組成及び表面原子百分率を示す酸化チタン原料に対し、常法に従って、下記表8に示すフラックス組成を有するサブマージアーク溶接用焼結型フラックスを製造した。なお、表8に示す酸化チタン原料No.とは、表1乃至3に示す酸化チタン原料の対応する番号を示す。水ガラス添加量は、原料フラックス100g当たり、13ミリリットル添加した。造粒フラックスの焼成条件は、450℃に2時間加熱するものである。製品フラックスの粒度は12×65メッシュに調整した。
Claims (3)
- 粒子状をなし、酸化チタン原料全質量あたり、
TiO2が58.0乃至99.0質量%、
Siが2.5質量%以下、
Alが3.0質量%以下、
Mnが5.0質量%以下、
Feが35.0質量%以下、
Mgが5.0質量%以下、及び
Caが2.0質量%以下
である組成を有し、
かつ
粒子表面に、Ti、Fe、Mn、Al及びSiのいずれか1種類以上からなる酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物が存在しており、
この酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物は、Al及びSiの原子百分率が下記式を満足することを特徴とする溶接材料用酸化チタン原料。
1≦Al+Si≦10 - 前記酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物は、Al及びSiの原子百分率が、
1.5≦Al+Si≦6を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶接材料用酸化チタン原料。 - 前記酸化物及び/又は複合酸化物は、Ti、Fe、Mn及びOの原子百分率が、
1<Ti/(Fe+Mn)≦100
O/(Fe+Mn)≦100
を満足することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接材料用酸化チタン原料。
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CN201280007323.2A CN103347646B (zh) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-25 | 焊接材料用氧化钛原料 |
MYPI2013701376A MY188214A (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-25 | Titanium oxide raw material for welding material |
KR1020137020893A KR101544293B1 (ko) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-25 | 용접 재료용 산화티타늄 원료 |
EP12744743.1A EP2674242B1 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-25 | Titanium oxide raw material for welding material |
SG2013039359A SG191719A1 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-25 | Titanium oxide raw material for welding material |
US13/990,302 US9527168B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-25 | Titanium oxide raw material for welding material |
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WO2014021097A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 被覆アーク溶接棒 |
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US20130248049A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
JP2012179653A (ja) | 2012-09-20 |
EP2674242A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
TR201815009T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
MY188214A (en) | 2021-11-24 |
US9527168B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
SG191719A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 |
EP2674242B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
KR101544293B1 (ko) | 2015-08-12 |
JP5766627B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
EP2674242A4 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
KR20130102122A (ko) | 2013-09-16 |
CN103347646B (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
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