WO2012107242A1 - Procédé et ensemble circuit permettant de faire fonctionner une charge - Google Patents

Procédé et ensemble circuit permettant de faire fonctionner une charge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012107242A1
WO2012107242A1 PCT/EP2012/000626 EP2012000626W WO2012107242A1 WO 2012107242 A1 WO2012107242 A1 WO 2012107242A1 EP 2012000626 W EP2012000626 W EP 2012000626W WO 2012107242 A1 WO2012107242 A1 WO 2012107242A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load
circuit arrangement
arrangement according
compensation capacitor
power transformer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/000626
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Viktor ARESTOV
Original Assignee
Permotors Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Permotors Gmbh filed Critical Permotors Gmbh
Publication of WO2012107242A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012107242A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1864—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating a load on an AC supply.
  • the aim of the invention is to increase the overall efficiency of the circuit arrangement or to achieve optimum power savings and form the circuit arrangement of the type mentioned in such a way that the load is operated as efficiently as possible.
  • a second load is provided for this purpose.
  • This load is formed by a power transformer with primary and secondary windings and an electrical load connected to the secondary winding. It is essential here that the second load is connected to the first load in such a way that the two loads are connected in series, and that, just as in the first load, a compensation capacitor is arranged parallel to the respective load.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention operates particularly efficiently when the connected load is not operated with its rated power, but with significantly lower values.
  • the circuit arrangement operates particularly efficiently when the idle power is about 10% of the rated power.
  • the series connection of the loads is realized in that the two primary windings of the two power transformers are connected in series with each other.
  • the first compensation capacitor in parallel with the primary winding of the first power transformer and the second compensation capacitor in parallel with the second primary winding of the second power transformer.
  • the first compensation capacitor is connected in parallel to the secondary winding of the first power transformer and the second compensation capacitor is connected in parallel with the second secondary winding of the second power compensator.
  • Particularly high efficiency is achieved when the capacitance of the first compensation capacitor is adjusted so that the reactive component of the first load is in current resonance with the first compensation capacitor, and if the capacitance of the second compensation capacitor is adjusted so that the reactive component of the second load in Current resonance with the second compensation capacitor is.
  • voltage resonance occurs via the series connection of the two loads. It thus sets a double resonance. According to the invention thus the first load and the second load are in current resonance, these two current resonances are coupled together by the voltage resonance of the series circuit.
  • the surprising effect occurs that the current resonance in the first or in the second load circuit is maintained even when the load is changed.
  • experiments have shown that an electric motor that has been connected as an electrical load can be braked to zero speed without the current resonance disappearing.
  • the capacitance of the second compensation capacitor is adapted so that the input voltage at the primary winding of the first power transformer corresponds to the rated voltage of the AC power supply network.
  • the first and the second power transformer may have the same nominal power, and in each case an air gap may be arranged in the magnetic circuit of the first and the second power transformer.
  • the invention is not limited to two power transformers or two loads, but it can also be provided a larger number. It is only necessary to ensure that the other loads are arranged in series with the first and second load. In this case, each of the further loads must be formed from a power transformer with primary and secondary windings and an electrical load connected to the secondary winding, and a compensation capacitor must be connected in parallel to each additional load.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention is suitable for a load which is formed from a power transformer with primary and secondary winding, with at least one electrical load connected to the secondary winding, such as electric motors or incandescent lamps.
  • a feedback chain can be provided, which supplies a control current to another reactive circuit element. This also makes it possible to reduce the power consumption of the load from the supply network, in particular to regulate. In this way, a reactor for electromagnetic consumption optimization can be created.
  • the efficiency of the circuit arrangement is particularly increased when the connected load is operated at much lower values than their rated power.
  • the size of the reactance of the compensation capacitor can be equal to or almost equal to the size of the reactance of the load, wherein in load-related changes of the impedance of the load of the control current to the other circuit element acts, that the parallel circuit of load and a further circuit element has a reactance, which corresponds in terms of its amount to the compensation capacitor.
  • a current transformer is used to decouple the control current.
  • This current transformer can be arranged in the load circuit.
  • the current transformer may be designed such that there is a linear and in-phase relationship between the current flowing on the primary side and the voltage induced by this primary side current on the secondary side.
  • care must be taken that the magnetic core does not saturate due to the intended primary-side rated current.
  • the further circuit element is for example a choke with coils arranged in opposite directions on a common magnetic core, wherein the primary coil is arranged parallel to the compensation capacitor and to the load and the secondary coil is supplied with the control current.
  • the further circuit element is formed by two reactors whose primary coils are connected in series with each other.
  • the series connection of the primary coils is again arranged parallel to the compensation capacitor and to the load.
  • the secondary coils are also connected in series and are thus flowed through by the same control current.
  • the cores of the throttles preferably have an air gap.
  • the arrangement of the secondary coils on the choke can be chosen such that the voltage induced by the control current in the secondary coils is directed to the current flow in the counteracts primary coil of the throttle.
  • a rectifier in particular a bridge rectifier, can be connected to the secondary winding of the current transformer, which in turn can be connected on the output side to a variable resistor.
  • the rectified, pulsating output voltage of the secondary coil of the at least one throttle can be supplied.
  • the variable resistor of adjustment and stabilization of the operating point of the compensation can serve.
  • the invention further relates to a method for adapting and operating a circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • transformers used in the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be designed as autotransformers.
  • Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows another circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is connected to the input terminals to an electrical supply network and supplied with an input AC voltage U E.
  • a first compensation capacitor C1 1 is connected, which is thus acted upon by the supply voltage.
  • the primary winding of a first power transformer LTr1 is traversed by a current Ii.
  • the primary winding of a second power transformer LTr2 lies the primary winding of a second power transformer LTr2.
  • At the entrance of men is another first compensation capacitor C12 connected, which is thus parallel to the primary winding of the second power transformer LTr2.
  • the output terminals of the secondary winding of the power transformer LRr1 are connected to the electrical load - symbolically represented here only as a resistor Rk.
  • an output AC voltage is present at the output terminals of the power transformer LTr1.
  • the output circuit of the power transformer LTr1 is formed of the secondary winding and the actual load.
  • the power transformer LTr1 in particular when it has an air gap, is able to act as a kind of storage choke. It can thus form the inductive part of the current resonance circuit of the first load.
  • Parallel to the secondary winding of the first power transformer LTr1 is another, namely the second compensation capacitor C21 of the power transformer LTr1.
  • This compensator C21 together with the inductive component of the power transformer LTr1 and optionally the inductive component of the consumer Rk, are decisive for the current resonance.
  • the secondary side of the power transformer LTY2 is similar to the power transformer LTr1.
  • the electrical consumer is also shown here only symbolically by a resistor RB.
  • the capacitor C22 which corresponds in terms of its function and arrangement to the capacitor C21, together with the inductive component of the power transformer LTr2 and possibly the inductive component of the consumer RB governing the current resonance.
  • the measuring point 1 detects the voltage at the primary winding of the first power transformer LTrl
  • measuring point 2 detects the input voltage of the primary winding of the second power transformer LTY2 and measuring point 3, the output voltage at the secondary winding of the power transformer LTr2.
  • the AC voltage was taken from a 230 V network.
  • the main drive was adjusted so that a current resonance in the secondary circuit with a motor of 230 V and 0.125 A and a lamp 9 W in conjunction with the capacitor C21 adjusts.
  • the best possible efficiency has been set, i. a minimum power consumption at nominal load. This was achieved with 0.5 pF for the capacitor C21 with a power consumption of 0.15A. Experiments have shown that the resonance disappears as expected when the engine is loaded.
  • a second 86 VA transformer was connected in series to the first group, with the same motor connected in parallel to the second winding.
  • the voltage was distributed as usual in series connection. Each transformer was supplied with approx. 115V. Thereafter, resonance was also generated in the secondary circuit of the second transformer by adjusting the capacitor C22, wherein the capacitor C22 was further adapted, that is adjusted, although the resonance had already set. It was thus possible to apply approx. 230 V input voltage to the first transformer; the current resonance was retained in both secondary circuits.
  • the second transformer had an input voltage of 80V. The current remained the same at 0.15 A.
  • a 7.3 pF capacitor group was incorporated as capacitor C22. After that, both the first and second motors were loaded by slowing them down, even to a standstill. When braking or loading the main motor, the voltage at the loaded motor fell to 220 V, the current went up to 0.155 A. At the other transformer, the voltage automatically went up by 10 V to 90 V. In total, the voltage was always 310 V.
  • the second attempt used 500 VA transformers and 140 W motors. After adjustment of the two transformers there were 180 V and 170 V as input voltage to the primary windings. The voltage in the series resonant circuit remained constant at 370 V. When the motors were loaded the same effect as before occurred, the current resonances persisted. Also, the connection of a third transformer with 100 VA transformers and light bulbs as electrical consumers was successful in that it has been shown that a once set resonance was maintained regardless of the load. This means that a superimposed voltage resonance occurs when current resonances are generated in at least two groups connected in series with each other.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be used, for example, in electric cars. In this case, the AC power supply is formed from a DC voltage source or an accumulator whose DC voltage is converted into an AC voltage in an inverter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further circuit arrangement according to the invention, in which a feedback chain is provided.
  • the secondary winding of the power transformer LTr has a tap which forms a winding section.
  • the secondary winding and the winding section constitute an autotransformer.
  • the power transformer has an air gap in its iron and ferrite core.
  • the output terminals of the secondary winding of the power transformer LTr2 are connected to the actual load RB.
  • the output AC voltage U A is thus applied to the output terminals of the power transformer LTY2.
  • the output circuit of the power transformer which is formed from the secondary winding and the actual load, there is further a current transformer StTr whose primary winding is flowed through by the load current I L.
  • This current I L induces in the secondary winding of the current transformer StTr a voltage which, together with the voltage which is tapped off at the winding section of the power transformer LTr 2, forms the input voltage for a rectifier GL.
  • the rectifier GL which is designed as a bridge rectifier and thus provides a pulsating DC voltage is connected via a variable resistor R with secondary coils S 12 , S 22 of two throttles Dr1 and Dr2. These secondary coils S 12 , S 22 of the throttles Dr1 and Dr2 are flowed through by a control current I st .
  • the primary coils S, S 21 of the two throttles Dr1 and Dr2 are connected to each other in series, wherein the series connection of these two reactors Dr1 and Dr2 is in turn connected in parallel to the compensation capacitor C and to the primary winding of the power transformer LTr2.
  • Both chokes Dr1 and Dr2 have two coils Sn, S 2 , S 2 i, S 22 , which are each arranged on a common magnetic core of iron or ferrite. In order to be able to store the magnetic energy well and to prevent the throttles Dr1 and Dr2 from becoming saturated, the cores each have an air gap.
  • the load RB is connected to the supply network via the power transformer LTr2. If the load contains inductive components, this can also be connected without the interposition of a power transformer. This is the case in particular with synchronous machines and asynchronous machines. It should also be noted that in the case of idling, the power transformer LTY2, due to its air gap, is able to act as a kind of storage choke. It thus forms the inductive part of the resonant circuit when idling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

Ensemble circuit permettant de faire fonctionner une charge sur une alimentation en tension alternative, qui comporte un condensateur de compensation monté en parallèle avec une première charge, la première charge étant formée d'un transformateur de puissance (LTr1) pourvu d'un enroulement primaire et d'un enroulement secondaire et d'un consommateur électrique (Rk) connecté à l'enroulement secondaire. Selon l'invention, une seconde charge est prévue, constituée d'un transformateur de puissance (LTr2) pourvu d'un enroulement primaire et d'un enroulement secondaire et d'un consommateur électrique connecté à l'enroulement secondaire, la seconde charge étant connectée à la première charge de manière telle que les deux charges sont connectées en série l'une avec l'autre et qu'un second condensateur de compensation est monté en parallèle avec la seconde charge.
PCT/EP2012/000626 2011-02-11 2012-02-13 Procédé et ensemble circuit permettant de faire fonctionner une charge WO2012107242A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00249/11A CH704461A2 (de) 2011-02-11 2011-02-11 Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer Last.
CH00249/11 2011-02-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012107242A1 true WO2012107242A1 (fr) 2012-08-16

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PCT/EP2012/000626 WO2012107242A1 (fr) 2011-02-11 2012-02-13 Procédé et ensemble circuit permettant de faire fonctionner une charge

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CH (1) CH704461A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE202012002208U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012107242A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020121952A1 (de) 2020-08-12 2022-02-17 innolectric AG Resonanz Transformator mit zusätzlich gekoppelter Induktivität für OBC

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0937468A (ja) * 1995-07-17 1997-02-07 Nissin Electric Co Ltd 静止型無効電力補償装置
WO1999008359A1 (fr) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Meins Jurgen G Procede et appareil d'alimentation en energie sans contact
EP0954082A2 (fr) * 1998-04-10 1999-11-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système de transmission pour courant alternatif

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0937468A (ja) * 1995-07-17 1997-02-07 Nissin Electric Co Ltd 静止型無効電力補償装置
WO1999008359A1 (fr) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Meins Jurgen G Procede et appareil d'alimentation en energie sans contact
EP0954082A2 (fr) * 1998-04-10 1999-11-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système de transmission pour courant alternatif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH704461A2 (de) 2012-08-15
DE202012002208U1 (de) 2012-12-10

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