WO2012084066A1 - Elektrolyte umfassend propylencarbonat für batterien und akkumulatoren - Google Patents
Elektrolyte umfassend propylencarbonat für batterien und akkumulatoren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012084066A1 WO2012084066A1 PCT/EP2011/001025 EP2011001025W WO2012084066A1 WO 2012084066 A1 WO2012084066 A1 WO 2012084066A1 EP 2011001025 W EP2011001025 W EP 2011001025W WO 2012084066 A1 WO2012084066 A1 WO 2012084066A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- component
- lithium
- unsubstituted
- electrolyte according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Electrolytes comprising propylene carbonate for batteries and
- the invention relates to an electrolyte comprising as component (a) at least one compound of general formula (I), as component (b) at least one conductive salt, and as component (c) propylene carbonate, wherein the relative weight ratio of component ( a) to component (c) in the range of 100: 1 to 1: 100, a battery or a rechargeable battery comprising at least one such electrolyte, a vehicle having such a battery and / or such a battery, and the use of the electrolyte in a battery or an accumulator.
- Electrolytes from solvents and Leitzsalze dissolved therein are used, for example, in rechargeable batteries (accumulators).
- Electrolytes based on linear carbonates and / or ethylene carbonate and conductive salts are known from the prior art. From DE 10016 816 AI and WO 01/78183 AI organic compounds are also known that cause an improvement in the solubility of conductive salts in electrolyte solutions.
- CONFIRMATION COPY and linear carbonates easily flammable. As a result, their handling is difficult and in the production of electrolytes and the operation of these batteries and accumulators contained an increased security risk.
- conventional electrolytes used in batteries or accumulators have disadvantages in terms of their reversibility, long-term stability and SEI formation, among others.
- the object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.
- An object of the present invention is therefore an electrolyte comprising as component (a) at least one compound of the general formula (I)
- component (a) makes possible an advantageous use of propylene carbonate as the electrolyte component in batteries and accumulators, in particular lithium accumulators. Furthermore, it was surprisingly found that with the electrolyte according to the invention in comparison to electrolytes containing conventional alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, or mixtures of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, a comparable
- an inventive electrolyte surprisingly u.a. to a low irreversible capacity loss in the formation, to a high efficiency in the cyclization compared to known electrolytes, which usually contain alkylene carbonates. Furthermore, the electrolyte of the invention is also characterized by a high oxidation stability.
- propylene carbonate is easier to handle than e.g. Ethylene carbonate, which is solid at room temperature.
- component (a) is easier to handle than vinylene carbonate, which is photosensitive and must be stored refrigerated.
- CI_ 4 -aliphatic residue and "CI_ 3 - aliphatic radical substituted” include the purposes of this invention acyclic saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, branched or unbranched, in each case, and unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by can be, with 1 to 4 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, ie Ci-4-alkyls, C 2 _ 4 - alkenyls and C 2 _ 4 -alkynyls or Ci-3-alkyls, C 2 -3-alkenyls and C 2 -3 ⁇ alkynyls.
- Alkenyls have at least one CC double bond and alkynyls at least one CC triple bond.
- a "CI_ 4 alkyl” and a "Ci 3 -aliphatic radical” is a "CI_ 4 -aliphatic residue""CI_ 3 alkyl".
- a "Ci-4-aliphatic radical” therefore selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert. - Butyl, preferably from the group consisting of ethyl and methyl.
- a "Ci_ 3 -aliphatic radical” therefore selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, preferably from the group consisting of ethyl and methyl.
- C 1-4 -aliphatic radical and "C 1-3 -atic radical”
- fluorinated "Ci-4-aliphatic radicals” and "C 1 -3 aliphatic radicals" are CH 2 F, CHF 2 , CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 F, CH 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 CF 3 , CHFCF 3 , CF 2 CF 3 , CHFCH 2 F, CHFCHF 2 , CHFCF 3 , CHFCH 3 , CHFCH 2 F, CHFCHF 2 and CHFCF 3 .
- Very particular preference is CF 3 .
- salt formed with an acid is taken to mean salts of the compound of the general formula (I) with inorganic or organic acids.
- Particularly preferred is the hydrochloride.
- acids are: hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, carbonic, formic, acetic, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, mandelic, fumaric, maleic, lactic, citric, glutamic and saccharic acids.
- At least one of R 1, R 2 and R 3, preferably exactly one of R 1, R 2 and R 3, more preferably R 1, is a radical containing at least one F , preferably with at least two F, more preferably with at least three F, substituted Ci- 4 -aliphatic radical.
- the radical R for a Ci- 4 aliphatic radical, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of F, Cl , Br and I; is preferably selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , CH 2 F, CHF 2 and CF 3 ; is particularly preferably CF 3 .
- the radicals R 1 are CH 3 , CH 2 F, CHF 2 or CF 3 , preferably CF 3 ;
- R 2 is a Ci_ 4 -aliphatic radical, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F; preferably aliphatic CI_ an unsubstituted 4 radical; more preferably aliphatic an unsubstituted Ci- 3 radical; most preferably methyl or ethyl; especially preferred for Methyl; and
- R3 is a Ci_ 4 -aliphatic radical, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F; preferably aliphatic CI_ an unsubstituted 4 radical; particularly preferred for an unsubstituted C1-3 aliphatic radical; most preferably methyl or ethyl; especially preferred for methyl.
- the electrolyte according to the invention as a compound of general formula (I) very particularly preferably contains methyl 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methoxypropanoate (structural formula (II) shown below) in the form of the free compound or in the form of Salt of at least one acid, preferably in the form of the free compound.
- the electrolyte according to the invention comprises, in addition to component (a) as component (b), at least one conducting salt, preferably at least one lithium conducting salt, more preferably at least one lithium conducting salt selected from the group consisting of LiAsF 6 , LiC 10 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiPtCl 6 , Li (CF 3 ) S0 3 (LiTf), LiC (S0 2 CF 3 ) 3 , phosphate-based
- Lithium salts preferably LiPF 6 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 (LiFAP) and LiPF 4 (C 2 O) (LiTFOB), borate-based lithium salts, preferably LiBF 4 , LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 (LiBOB), LiBF 2 (LiBF 2) C 2 O) (LiDFOB), LiB (C 2 O 4 ) (C 3 O 4 ) (LiMOB), Li (C 2 F 5 BF 3 ) (LiFAB) and Li 2 B 12 Fi 2 (LiDFB), L and Lithium salts of sulfonylimides, preferably LiN (S0 2 CF 3 ) 2 (LiTFSI) and LiN (S0 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 (LiBETI),.
- LiPF 6 LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 (LiFAP) and LiPF 4 (C 2 O) (LiTFOB)
- borate-based lithium salts preferably LiBF 4 , Li
- a particularly preferred lithium Leitsal z is LiPF 6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate).
- the electrolyte according to the invention comprises propylene carbonate as a further component (c), which is preferably used as
- Solvent for the conductive salt is used.
- propylene carbonate means 4-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one as an ester of carbonic acid and 1,2-propanediol, for example, as a by-product of the synthesis of Polypropylene carbonate are obtained from propylene oxide and C0 2 and is commercially available.
- Component (b) is preferably present in components (a) and (c) in dissolved form.
- concentration of component (b) in the electrolyte is in the range from 0.50 mol / 1 to 2.50 mol / 1, preferably from 0, 65 mol / 1 to 2.00 mol / 1, more preferably from 0.80 mol / 1 to 1.5 mol / 1.
- the relative weight ratio of component (a) to component (c) is in the range of 50: 1 to 1:50, preferably in the range of 30: 1 to 1:30, more preferably in the range of 20: 1 to 1:20, most preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular in the range of 9: 1 to 1: 9.
- the relative weight ratio of component (a) to component (c) is at least 2: 1, preferably at least 2.5: 1, more preferably at least 4: 1, most preferably at least 6: 1, more preferably at least 9: 1.
- the relative weight ratio of component (a) to component (c) is at least 1: 2, preferably at least 1: 2.5, more preferably at least 1: 4, most preferably at least 1: 6, more preferably at least 1: 9.
- the electrolyte according to the invention comprises component (a) in an amount of from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, more preferably from. 1.0 to 17 wt .-%, most preferably from 1.5 to 15 wt .-%, in particular from 2.0 to 12 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the electrolyte on.
- the electrolyte according to the invention comprises component (a) in an amount of at most 30% by weight, preferably of at most 25% by weight, particularly preferably of at most 20% by weight, very particularly preferably at most 18 wt .-%, in particular of at most 15 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the electrolyte, on.
- the electrolyte according to the invention is a liquid composition of at least components (a) to (c), preferably of components (a) to (c).
- a liquid composition may be a solution or a dispersion, for example an emulsion or a suspension.
- the electrolyte according to the invention is preferably present as a liquid composition, more preferably in the form of a solution, ie as an electrolyte solution. If the electrolyte according to the invention is present as a liquid composition, preferably as a solution, it is preferably essentially anhydrous, ie at least 99% by weight anhydrous, preferably at least 99.5% by weight anhydrous, more preferably at least 99% , 9 wt .-% anhydrous, especially at least 99.99 wt .-% anhydrous, respectively based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte of the invention is completely anhydrous, i. the content of water is at most 30 ppm, preferably at most 20 ppm.
- this liquid composition preferably this solution, contains at least components (a) to (c), preferably components (a) to (c).
- the electrolyte according to the invention is present as a liquid composition, preferably as a solution, then the total volume of this composition is not limited.
- the electrolyte according to the invention comprises component (c) in an amount of at least 30% by weight, preferably of at least 40% by weight, more preferably of at least 50% by weight, most preferably of at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, and most preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the electrolyte, wherein Components of the electrolyte, preferably the components (a) to (c) add exactly to 100 wt .-%.
- the electrolyte according to the invention is selected from the group consisting of preferably substantially anhydrous organic liquid electrolytes, organic Liquid electrolyte-containing gel-polymer electrolytes and / or hybrid electrolytes, and ionic liquids.
- the electrolyte according to the invention is preferably a substantially water-free organic liquid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte according to the invention may be suitable as an electrolyte for a battery or a rechargeable battery, in particular as an electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery or a lithium-ion rechargeable battery.
- the term "accumulator” or “accumulator” is understood to mean a storage system for electrical energy based on an electrochemical system.
- rechargeable batteries are lithium batteries, especially lithium ion batteries, lithium titanate batteries, lithium air batteries, lithium manganese batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium iron manganese phosphate batteries , Lithium iron yttrium phosphate accumulators, lithium sulfur accumulator, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide accumulator, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide accumulator and tin sulfur lithium accumulators.
- a lithium secondary battery usually has a negative and a positive electrode, wherein lithium ions can migrate back and forth through an electrolyte between the two electrodes during charging or discharging.
- the negative electrode usually consists essentially of graphite, whereas the positive electrode is usually lithium.
- Transition stable compounds for example, has lithium transition metal oxides.
- Transition metal compounds are e.g. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP), or lithium transition metal oxides such as
- Lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium nickel dioxide, lithium nickel cobalt anoxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide Lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium nickel dioxide, lithium nickel cobalt anoxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
- no aprotic solvent in particular no commonly used alkylene carbonates and / or carbonic acid esters (derivatives) such as ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- component (d) is selected from the group consisting of SEI additives, flame retardants and overcharge protection additives.
- the electrolyte according to the invention contains at least one flame retardant as a component (d), this is preferably selected from the group consisting of organic phosphates, preferably trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate, Bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) methyl phosphonate and diphenyl octyl phosphate, alkyl phosphonates, preferably dimethyl methyl phosphonate and dimethyl (2- methoxyethoxy) methyl phosphonate, phosphites, preferably tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite and triphenyl phosphite and phosphazenes.
- organic phosphates preferably trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphat
- the electrolyte according to the invention contains at least one overcharge protection additive as a component (d), this is preferably selected from the group consisting of metallocenes, tetracyanoethylenes, tetramethylphenylenediamines,
- Dihydrophenazine derivatives preferably dihydrophenazine derivatives whose nitrogen atoms are alkyl-substituted, preferably ethyl- or propyl-substituted, where the alkyl radical may optionally be substituted by OH, optionally substituted (hetero) aromatics and optionally substituted heterocycles, in each case in the form of the free compounds or Form of their salts, preferably their alkali metal salts.
- the electrolyte according to the invention contains at least one SEI additive as a component (d), this is preferably selected from the group consisting of chloroethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), ethylene sulfate, Propanesulfonates, sulfites, preferably dimethyl sulfite and propylene sulfite, sulfates, optionally substituted by F, Cl or Br butyrolactones, phenylethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate and trifluoropropylene, more preferably selected from the group consisting of chloroethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite (ES), ethylene sulfate, propanesulfonates, sulfites , preferably dimethyl sulfite and propylene sulfite, sulfates, optionally with F, Cl or Br substituted buty
- the electrolyte according to the invention comprises at least methyl 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methoxypropanoate as component (a), at least one lithium conducting salt, preferably LiPF 6 , as component (b) and propylene carbonate as Component (c) wherein the relative weight ratio of component (a) to component (c) ranges from 100: 1 to 1: 100.
- the electrolyte according to the invention can be prepared by introducing component (b) into a mixture of components (a) and (c). Alternatively, component (b) may also be first mixed with one of components (a) and (c) and then the remaining components (a) or (c) added to this mixture.
- another object of the present invention is a battery or a rechargeable battery, preferably a lithium-ion battery or a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, comprising at least one electrolyte according to the invention.
- the respective production processes and corresponding production parameters for the production of (lithium) batteries and accumulators are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
- Another object of the present invention is a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle such as an automobile or a device comprising at least one battery according to the invention and / or at least one accumulator according to the invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a use of an electrolyte according to the invention in a battery or an accumulator, preferably in a lithium-ion battery or a lithium-ion accumulator.
- the conductivity of an electrolyte at high and at low temperatures may i.a. be used to assess the performance of a battery or a rechargeable battery.
- the conductivity of electrolytes according to the invention and comparison electrolytes is determined by using platinum electrodes in conductivity measuring cells from Amel and examined in a temperature range from -40 ° C to + 60 ° C. The conductivity is measured in this temperature range from -40 ° C by slow heating in 5 ° C steps up to a temperature of + 60 ° C. The conductivity is determined in mS / cm.
- the graphite material is slowly fully charged and then discharged within 30 minutes (2C), 20 minutes (3C), 15 minutes (4C) and 12 minutes (5C).
- the C rate (C) indicates the magnitude of the load current value in amperes relative to the nominal total capacitance. For example, if a battery has a nominal capacity of 2000 mAh and is charged with 2A, it will be charged with IC. At 400 mAh charging current this corresponds to C / 5. [59] In the following, the invention will be described with reference to some
- LiPF 6 is dissolved in propylene carbonate (100% by weight) so that the resulting solution contains 1 mol / l LiPF 6 .
- the conductivity of VI, V2 and Bl was determined by the method described above. Table 1 shows the conductivity of VI, V2 and Bl at -40 ° C, + 25 ° C and + 60 ° C.
- the electrolyte Bl of the invention is characterized both by a very good conductivity at -40 ° C and at + 60 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112011104477T DE112011104477A5 (de) | 2010-12-21 | 2011-03-02 | Elektrolyte umfassend Propylencarbonat für Batterien und Akkumulatoren |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10015876.5 | 2010-12-21 | ||
EP10015876 | 2010-12-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2012084066A1 true WO2012084066A1 (de) | 2012-06-28 |
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PCT/EP2011/001025 WO2012084066A1 (de) | 2010-12-21 | 2011-03-02 | Elektrolyte umfassend propylencarbonat für batterien und akkumulatoren |
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DE (1) | DE112011104477A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012084066A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013014180A1 (de) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-31 | Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster | Lithium-2-methoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluor-ethansulfonat und dessen verwendung als leitsalz in lithium-basierten energiespeichern |
DE102014108254A1 (de) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Innovationsmanagement | Elektrolyt, Zelle und Batterie umfassend den Elektrolyt und dessen Verwendung |
DE102016217709A1 (de) | 2016-09-15 | 2018-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybridsuperkondensator mit SEI-Additiven |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0620719A (ja) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-28 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用電解液 |
JPH1092222A (ja) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-10 | Tokuyama Sekiyu Kagaku Kk | 電解液用溶媒 |
DE10016816A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Verwendung von Alkoxyestern |
-
2011
- 2011-03-02 WO PCT/EP2011/001025 patent/WO2012084066A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-03-02 DE DE112011104477T patent/DE112011104477A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0620719A (ja) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-28 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用電解液 |
JPH1092222A (ja) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-10 | Tokuyama Sekiyu Kagaku Kk | 電解液用溶媒 |
DE10016816A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Verwendung von Alkoxyestern |
WO2001078183A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-18 | Solvay Fluor Und Derivate Gmbh | Verwendung von alkoxyestern |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013014180A1 (de) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-31 | Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster | Lithium-2-methoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluor-ethansulfonat und dessen verwendung als leitsalz in lithium-basierten energiespeichern |
US9472831B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2016-10-18 | Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat Munster | Lithium-2-methoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethanesulfonate and use thereof as conductive salt in lithium-based energy accumulators |
DE102014108254A1 (de) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Innovationsmanagement | Elektrolyt, Zelle und Batterie umfassend den Elektrolyt und dessen Verwendung |
DE102016217709A1 (de) | 2016-09-15 | 2018-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybridsuperkondensator mit SEI-Additiven |
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DE112011104477A5 (de) | 2013-11-14 |
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